FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Dolnikowski, GG Marsh, JB Das, SK Welty, FK AF Dolnikowski, GG Marsh, JB Das, SK Welty, FK TI Stable isotopes in obesity research SO MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE stable isotopes; obesity; metabolism ID DOUBLY-LABELED WATER; RATIO MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; BODY PROTEIN-TURNOVER; APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100 KINETICS; LOW-ENERGY DIETS; STEAROYL-COA DESATURASE-1; RESTING METABOLIC-RATE; DE-NOVO LIPOGENESIS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE AB Obesity is recognized as a major public health problem. Obesity is a multifactorial disease and is often associated with a wide range of comorbidities including hypertension, non-insulin dependent (Type II) diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease, all of which contribute to morbidity and mortality. This review deals with stable isotope mass spectrometric methods and the application of stable isotopes to metabolic studies of obesity. Body composition and total energy expenditure (TEE) can be measured by mass spectrometry using stable isotope labeled water and the metabolism of protein, lipid, and carbohydrate can be measured using appropriate labeled tracer molecules. (c) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Dolnikowski, GG (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Ctr, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM gregory.dolnikowski@tufts.edu NR 180 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0277-7037 J9 MASS SPECTROM REV JI Mass Spectrom. Rev. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 311 EP 327 DI 10.1002/mas.20021 PG 17 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 914MP UT WOS:000228232200001 PM 15389849 ER PT J AU Arguello, A Castro, N Capote, J Solomon, M AF Arguello, A Castro, N Capote, J Solomon, M TI Effects of diet and live weight at slaughter on kid meat quality SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE meat quality; diet; live weight at slaughter; kids ID MUSCLE-FIBER TYPES; CARCASS; GOATS; ATTRIBUTES; LAMB; SYSTEMS; SHEEP; SIZE AB Forty male twin kids of the Majorera breed were used in a 2 x 2 design, in which the diet, suckled on dam (SD) or milk replacer (MR) and live weight at slaughter (6 or 10 kg) were the main variables. Muscle pH and colour (CIE, L*a*b*) were determined in the longissimus (LD), semimembranosus (SM) and triceps brachii (TB) muscles, immediately after slaughter and chilling (24 h). Water-holding capacity, shear force, chemical composition (moisture, fat, protein and collagen content and solubility) were determined. Muscle fibre populations were alsostudied. SD kid meat was slightly more tender and juicy, and the Chroma value was lower than in MR animals. The meat from the kids that were slaughtered at 10 kg was significantly darker in all muscles tested and slightly less tender 6 kg LWS kid meat had more moisture and less protein than that of 10 kg LWS kids. Muscle fibre area was statistically higher in the 10-kg LWS kids. It was concluded that the meat quality of the heavier kids was not significantly different from that of the lighter kids and that slaughter at the greater weight would result in more meat being marketed. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Las Palmas Gran Canaria Univ, Fac Vet, Dept Anim Prod, Anim Prod Unit, Arucas 35416, Spain. ICIA, San Cristobal la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Food Technol & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Arguello, A (reprint author), Las Palmas Gran Canaria Univ, Fac Vet, Dept Anim Prod, Anim Prod Unit, Transmontana S-N, Arucas 35416, Spain. EM aarguello@dpat.ulpgc.es RI Arguello, Anastasio/B-4493-2010 OI Arguello, Anastasio/0000-0002-4426-0678 NR 33 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 70 IS 1 BP 173 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.12.009 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 909NS UT WOS:000227867200021 PM 22063294 ER PT J AU Treuth, MS Butte, NF Puyau, M AF Treuth, MS Butte, NF Puyau, M TI Pregnancy-related changes in physical activity, fitness, and strength SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE aerobic exercise; gestation; exercise during pregnancy; maternal health ID CARDIOVASCULAR-RESPONSE; BODY-COMPOSITION; AEROBIC FITNESS; CYCLE EXERCISE; HEART-RATE AB Purpose: The objective was to examine the pregnancy-related changes in physical activity, fitness, and strength in women of varying body mass indices (BMI). Methods: Women (N = 17 low BMI, N = 34 normal BMI, and N = 12 high BMI, mean age &PLUSMN; SD = 30.7 &PLUSMN; 4.1 yr) were studied before pregnancy (0 wk) and postpartum (6 and 27 wk) for body composition and for physical activity, fitness, and strength. Physical activity was assessed by questionnaire, fitness by a maximal oxygen consumption (VO2) test on a cycle ergometer, and strength by the one-repetition maximum test. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA testing for time and BMI group. Results: Total physical activity differed qualitatively, but not quantitatively, with time. Significant time effects were observed for maximal workload, heart rate, respiration rate, ventilation, VO2max, adjusted for weight, dropped by &SIM; 385 ml-min(-1) from 0 to 6 wk postpartum (P < respiratory exchange ratio, and strength. VO2max, 0.0001) and by &SIM; 234 mL-min(-1) from 0 to 27 wk postpartum (P < 0.01). The high-BMI group had a lower VO2max (adjusted for weight or fat-free mass) than the normal-BMI group (P < 0.05). Strength decreased for the leg press by 24% (P < 0.02) and for the latissimus pull down by 8% (P < 0.01) from 0 to 6 wk postpartum, and then increased by 44 and 12%, respectively (both P < 0.05), by 27 wk postpartum. Conclusion: Relative to prepregnancy performance, fitness and strength declined in the early postpartum period but improved by 27 wk postpartum. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Treuth, MS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM mtreuth@jhsph.edu NR 22 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 IS 5 BP 832 EP 837 DI 10.1249/01.MSS.0000161749.38453.02 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 924GG UT WOS:000228966400018 PM 15870638 ER PT J AU Delmonico, M Kostek, MC Doldo, NA Hand, BD Bailey, JA Rabon-Stith, KM Conway, JM Carignan, CR Hurley, BF AF Delmonico, Matthew Kostek, Matthew C. Doldo, Neil A. Hand, Brian D. Bailey, Jason A. Rabon-Stith, Karma M. Conway, Joan M. Carignan, Craig R. Hurley, Ben F. TI Moderate Velocity Strength Training Increases Peak Muscle Power Quality in Older Women SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Delmonico, Matthew; Kostek, Matthew C.; Doldo, Neil A.; Hand, Brian D.; Bailey, Jason A.; Rabon-Stith, Karma M.; Carignan, Craig R.; Hurley, Ben F.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Conway, Joan M.] USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM matt_delmonico@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 676 BP S129 EP S130 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070300511 ER PT J AU Gerrior, S Carlson, AC Hiza, H AF Gerrior, Shirley Carlson, Andrea C. Hiza, Hazel TI Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference And Physical Activity: Useful To Assess Energy Balance In Adults SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gerrior, Shirley; Carlson, Andrea C.; Hiza, Hazel] USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA USA. EM shirley_gerrior@msn.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 2259 BP S435 EP S436 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070302599 ER PT J AU Atibalentja, N Bekal, S Domier, LL Niblack, TL Noel, GR Lambert, KN AF Atibalentja, N Bekal, S Domier, LL Niblack, TL Noel, GR Lambert, KN TI A genetic linkage map of the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE AFLP markers; real-time PCR; plant pathogen; whole-genome amplification ID ESOPHAGEAL GLAND-CELLS; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; AFLP MARKERS; BRUGIA-MALAYI; GENOME; DNA; RESISTANCE; POLYMORPHISMS; MELOIDOGYNE; PARASITISM AB A genetic linkage map of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) Heterodera glycines was constructed using a population of F-2 individuals obtained from matings between two highly inbred SCN lines, TN16 and TN20. The AFLP fingerprinting technique was used to genotype 63 F-2 progeny with two restriction enzyme combinations (EcoRI/MseI and PstI/TaqI) and 38 primer combinations. The same F-2 population was also genotyped for Hg-cm-1 (H. glycines chorismate mutase-1), a putative virulence gene, using real-time quantitative PCR. Some of the markers were found to be distributed non-randomly. Even so, of the 230 markers analyzed, 131 could be mapped onto ten linkage groups at a minimum LOD of 3.0, for a total map distance of 539 cM. The Hg-cm-1 locus mapped to linkage group III together with 16 other markers. The size of the H. glycines genome was estimated to be in the range of 630-743 cM, indicating that the current map represents 73-86% of the genome, with a marker density of one per 4.5 cM, and a physical/genetic distance ratio of between 124 kb/cM and 147 kb/cM. This genetic map will be of great assistance in mapping H. glycines markers to genes of interest, such as nematode virulence genes and genes that control aspects of nematode parasitism. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Lambert, KN (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM knlamber@uiuc.edu NR 53 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD MAY PY 2005 VL 273 IS 3 BP 273 EP 281 DI 10.1007/s00438-005-1125-x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 927SB UT WOS:000229219700006 PM 15902493 ER PT J AU Choquer, M Dekkers, KL Chen, HQ Cao, LH Ueng, PP Daub, ME Chung, KR AF Choquer, M Dekkers, KL Chen, HQ Cao, LH Ueng, PP Daub, ME Chung, KR TI The CTB1 gene encoding a fungal polyketide synthase is required for cercosporin biosynthesis and fungal virulence of Cercospora nicotianae SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE gene disruption; pathogenicity; perylenequinone ID SINGLET OXYGEN; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; PHOTOSENSITIZING TOXIN; RESISTANCE; KIKUCHII; MUTANTS; PIGMENT; CRG1; WA AB Cercosporin is a light-activated, non-host-selective toxin produced by many Cercospora fungal species. In this study, a polyketide synthase gene (CTB1) was functionally identifled and molecularly characterized to play a key role in cercosporin biosynthesis by Cercospora nicotianae. We also provide conclusive evidence to confirm the crucial role of cercosporin in fungal pathogenesis. CTB1 encoded a polypeptide with a deduced length of 2,196 amino acids containing a keto synthase (KS), an acyltransferase (AT), a thioesterase/claisen cyclase (TE/CYC), and two acyl carrier protein (ACP) domains, and had high levels of similarity to many fungal type I polyketide synthases. Expression of a 6.8-kb CTB1 transcript was highly regulated by light and medium composition, consistent with the conditions required for cercosporin biosynthesis in cultures. Targeted disruption of CTB1 resulted in the loss of both CTB1 transcript and cercosporin biosynthesis in C. nicotianae. The ctb1-null mutants incited fewer necrotic lesions on inoculated tobacco leaves compared with the wild type. Complementation of ctb1-null mutants with a full-length CTB1 clone restored wild-type levels of cercosporin production as well as the ability to induce lesions on tobacco. Thus, we have demonstrated conclusively that cercosporin is synthesized via a polyketide pathway, and cercosporin is an important virulence factor in C. nicotianae. The results also suggest that strategies that avoid the toxicity of cercosporin will be useful in reduction of disease incidence caused by Cercospora spp. C1 Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Plant Mol Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Bot, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Chung, KR (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, 700 Expt Stn Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. EM krchung@crec.ifas.ufl.edu NR 44 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 18 IS 5 BP 468 EP 476 DI 10.1094/MPMI-18-0468 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 918VK UT WOS:000228575500010 PM 15915645 ER PT J AU Deakin, WJ Marie, C Saad, MM Krishnan, HB Broughton, WJ AF Deakin, WJ Marie, C Saad, MM Krishnan, HB Broughton, WJ TI NopA is associated with cell surface appendages produced by the type III secretion system of Rhizobium sp strain NGR234 SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE effector; pathogenicity; pilus; translocator ID ANIMAL PATHOGENIC BACTERIA; SYRINGAE PV. TOMATO; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; HRP PILUS; EFFECTOR PROTEIN; EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCTION; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ANALYSIS; SYMBIOTIC PLASMID; MOLECULAR-BASIS AB Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234, which is capable of interacting with a large number of legumes, utilizes a variety of signaling molecules to establish nitrogen-fixing symbioses. Among these are nodulation outer proteins (Nops) that transit through a type III secretion system (TTSS). Abolition of Nop secretion affects nodulation of certain legumes. Under free-living conditions, the secretion of Nops can be induced by the addition of flavonoids. Here, we show that an in-frame deletion of nopA abolishes secretion of all other Nops and has the same impact on nodule formation as mutations that lead to a nonfunctional TTSS. This secretionminus phenotype of the nopA mutant, as well as bioinformatics analysis of NopA itself, suggests that NopA could be an external component of the TTSS. Electron microscopy showed that NGR234 synthesizes fibrillar structures on the cell surface in a flavonoid-inducible and NopA-dependent manner. Purification of the macromolecular surface appendages revealed that NopA is a major component of these structures. C1 Univ Geneva, Dept Biol Vegetal, LBMPS, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Missouri, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Broughton, WJ (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Dept Biol Vegetal, LBMPS, 20 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM william.broughton@bioveg.unige.ch OI Deakin, William James/0000-0001-9338-0791; Saad, Maged/0000-0002-5655-8674 NR 46 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 18 IS 5 BP 499 EP 507 DI 10.1094/MPMI-18-0499 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 918VK UT WOS:000228575500013 PM 15915648 ER PT J AU Peterson, SW Vega, FE Posada, F AF Peterson, SW Vega, FE Posada, F TI Penicillium coffeae, a new endophytic species isolated from a coffee plant and its phylogenetic relationship to P fellutanum, P thiersii and P brocae based on parsimony analysis of multilocus DNA sequences SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Penicillium phoeniceum; Penicillium indicum; Penicillium ebenbitarianum; Penicillium atrovirens var nigrocastaneum; molecular systematics ID FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; LEAVES AB Penicillium coffeae is described as a novel endophyte isolated from a Coffea arabica L. plant in Hawaii. The species is slow growing with short, vesiculate, monoverticillate conidophores. Phylogenetic analysis using three loci shows that P coffeae forms a strongly supported clade with P fellulanum, P charlesii, P chermesinum, P indicum, P phoeniceum and R brocae. Phenotypic ally these species are quite similar but can be distinguished. The EF-1 alpha gene from P fellutanum, P charlesii, P chermesinum and P indicum lack introns, P coffeae and P phocniceum have a previously unknown intron at codon 20 and P brocae and P thiersii isolates have a single intron at codon 26. The most parsimonious interpretation of intron changes on the strongly supported phylogenetic tree requires the gain of a novel intron at position 20 and loss of intron 26 to arrive at the current distribution of introns in this gene. This is one of only a few examples of intron gain in genes. C1 USDA, ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA, ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. HARC, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. RP Peterson, SW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM peterssw@ncaur.usda.gov OI Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 NR 42 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 97 IS 3 BP 659 EP 666 DI 10.3852/mycologia.97.3.659 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 969FE UT WOS:000232218200011 PM 16392254 ER PT J AU Sogonov, MV Schroers, HJ Gams, W Dijksterhuis, J Summerbell, RC AF Sogonov, MV Schroers, HJ Gams, W Dijksterhuis, J Summerbell, RC TI The hyphomycete Teberdinia hygrophila gen. nov., sp nov and related anamorphs of Pseudeurotium species SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE fen habitat; internal transcribed spacer regions; Leptodontidium; Pseudeurotiaceae; phylogeny; small subunit ribosomal DNA ID MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS; FUNGI AB A hyphomycetous fungus isolated from montane fen soil in the Caucasus Mountains, Russia, had obscurely sympodial conidiogenous cells that suggested a link to the heterogeneous genus Lepto-dontidium. Sequence analysis of the nuclear ribosomal small subunit and internal transcribed spacer region, however, disclosed that the fungus was an anamorphic member of a clade containing the cleistothecial ascomycetous genus Pseudeurotium. 7 Teberdinia, gen. nov., is proposed for the blastic, generally sympodially proliferating anamorphs in this group, and Teberdinia hygrophila, sp. nov., is proposed for the species from upland fens. Binomials are not proposed for the remaining Teberdinia anamorphs of Pseudeurolium species. Purely anamorphic isolates in this clade are difficult to recognize using current morphological keys and might be more widely distributed and ecologically significant than is currently evident. C1 Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands. USDA, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Agr Inst Slovenia, Dept Plant Protect, Ljubljana, Slovenia. RP Summerbell, RC (reprint author), Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands. EM summerbell@cbs.knaw.nl RI Dijksterhuis, Jan/K-5945-2014 OI Dijksterhuis, Jan/0000-0002-2649-1704 NR 42 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 97 IS 3 BP 695 EP 709 DI 10.3852/mycologia.97.3.695 PG 15 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 969FE UT WOS:000232218200014 PM 16392257 ER PT J AU Bischoff, JF Chaverri, P White, JF AF Bischoff, JF Chaverri, P White, JF TI Clarification of the host substrate of Ascopolyporus and description of Ascopolyporus philodendrus sp nov. SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Cordyceps; endophyte; entomopathogen; epibiont; Hyperdermium; Lecanicillium; scale insect; Torrubiella ID DNA; IDENTIFICATION; MODEL AB During a recent collection trip to Barro Colorado Island, Panama, two species belonging to genus Ascopolyporus (Clavicipitaceae, Hypocreales) were collected. Species of Ascopolyporus are epibionts of their bamboo (Poaceae) host and long thought to be biotrophs of their plant hosts. However, based on morphological observations and phylogenetic evidence using large subunit ribosomal DNA data, we propose that genus Ascopolyporus is likely composed of pathogens of scale insects (Coccoideae, Homoptera). Phylogenetic analyses included Ascopolyporus spp. in a clade containing only entomopathogenic clavicipitaceous species (100% posterior probability), and the scale insect pathogen Hyperdermium bertonii was found to share the most recent common ancestor with the Ascopolyporus clade (98% posterior probability). In addition remnants of the scale insect were observed to be embedded within stromata during early stages of stroma development. Ascopolyporus philodendrus sp. nov. was described and distinguished from the type species of the genus, A. polychrous, based on perithecial size, ascus size, plant host substrate and phylogenetic evidence. Furthermore subfamily Clavicipitoideae (Clavicipitaceae) was included and well supported in a single clade (100% posterior probability). C1 NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. USDA, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Cook Coll, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Bischoff, JF (reprint author), NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. EM bischoff@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov RI White, James/C-2280-2009; OI Chaverri, Priscila/0000-0002-8486-6033 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 97 IS 3 BP 710 EP 717 DI 10.3852/mycologia.97.3.710 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 969FE UT WOS:000232218200015 PM 16392258 ER PT J AU Farr, DF Elliott, M Rossman, AY Edmonds, RL AF Farr, DF Elliott, M Rossman, AY Edmonds, RL TI Fusicoccum arbuti sp nov causing cankers on Pacific madrone in western North America with notes on Fusicoccum dimidiatum, the correct name for Scytalidium dimidiatum and Nattrassia mangiferae SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Arbutus; Botryosphaeria; British Columbia; California; Canada; beta-tubulin; forest pathology; Fusicoccum; Hendersonula; ITS; Nattrassia; Oregon; Scytalidium; systematics; Washington ID HENDERSONULA-TORULOIDEA; BOTRYOSPHAERIA-DOTHIDEA; ANAMORPH; DNA; REASSESSMENT; DOTHIORELLA; MORPHOLOGY; SEQUENCES; DIEBACK; DISEASE AB Pacific madrone (Arbutus menziesii) is a broadleaf evergreen tree native to western North America that has been in decline for the past 30 years. A fungus has been isolated and was verified as the cause of cankers on dying trees. It was determined to belong in the genus Fusicoccum, an asexual state of Botryosphaeria. This genus in both its sexual and asexual states commonly causes canker diseases of deciduous woody plants. Using morphological and molecular data the fungus causing cankers on Pacific madrone is characterized, described and illustrated as a new species of Fusicoccum, F arbuti D.F. Farr & M. Elliott sp. nov. No sexual state is known for F arbuti. Evidence from the literature, cultures and specimens suggests that F arbuti, often mistakenly identified as Nattrassia mangiferae, has been causing madrone canker since at least 1968. Authentic isolates of Nattrassia mangiferae as the synanamorph Scytalidium dimidiatum were sequenced and determined to be different from Fusicoccum arbuti and to belong in Botryosphaeria/Fusicoccum. In addition to molecular sequence data, the morphology of the pycnidial and arthric conidial states of Nattrassia mangiferae/ Scytalidium dimidiatum resembles that of Fusicoccum. Therefore the correct name for Nattrassia mangiferae and its numerous synonyms (Dothiorella mangiferae, Torula dimidata, Scytilidium dimidiatum, Fusicoccum eucalypti, Hendersonula toruloidea, H. cypria, Exospor-ina fawcetii, H. agathidia, and S. lignicola) is Fasicoccum dimidiaturn (Penz.) D.F. Farr, comb. nov. C1 USDA, ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Rossman, AY (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Room 304,B011A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM arossman@nt.ars-grin.gov NR 52 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 97 IS 3 BP 730 EP 741 DI 10.3852/mycologia.97.3.730 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 969FE UT WOS:000232218200018 PM 16392261 ER PT J AU Wicklow, DT Roth, S Deyrup, ST Gloer, JB AF Wicklow, DT Roth, S Deyrup, ST Gloer, JB TI A protective endophyte of maize: Acremonium zeae antibiotics inhibitory to Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CORN STALK ROT; AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; KERNEL INFECTION; FUMONISIN B-1; CEPHALOSPORIUM-ACREMONIUM; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; WATER ACTIVITY; MONILIFORME; FUNGI AB The maize endophyte Acremonium zeae is antagonistic to kernel rotting and mycotoxin producing fungi Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides in cultural tests for antagonism. and interferes with A. flavus infection and allatoxin contamination of preharvest maize kernels. Chemical studies of an organic extract from maize kernel fermentations of Acremonium zeae (NRRL 13540). which displayed significant, antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus and F. rerticillioides, revealed that the metabolites accounting for this activity were two newly reported antibiotics pyrrocidines A and B. Pyrrocidines were detected in fermentation extracts for 12 NRRL cultures of, Acremonium zeae isolated from maize kernels harvested in Illinois (4,4 cultures). North Carolina (5, 5), Georgia (1, 2) and unrecorded locations within the USA (2,12). Pyrrocidine B was detected by LCMSMS in whole symptomatic maize kernels removed at harvest front ears of a commercial hybrid that were wound-inoculated in the milk stage with A. zeae (NRRL 13540) or (NRRL 13541). The pyrrocidines were first reported from the fermentation broth of ill it it identified filamentous fungus LL-Cyan426, isolated from a mixed Douglas Fir hardwood forest oil Crane Island Preserve, Washington. ill 1993, Pyrrocidine A exhibited potent activity against most Gram-positive bacteria, including drug-resistant strains, and was also active against the yeast Candida albicans. In an evaluation of cultural antagonism between 13 isolates of A. zeae in pairings with A. flavus (NRRL 6541) and F. rerticillioides (NRRL 25457). A. zeae (NRRL 6415) and (NRRL 34556) produced the strongest reaction, inhibiting both organisms at a distance while continuing to grow through the resulting clear zone at all unchanged rate. Maximum colony diameters for A. zeae (NRRL 6415) and (NRRL 13540), on potato dextrose agar after 14 d, were attained within the range of 25-30 degrees C. with less growth recorded at 15 and 37.5 and no growth at 5. Potential interactions between A. zeae and other maize endophytes are considered and the significance of these interactions relative to the aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination of preharvest maize is presented, This is the first report of natural products from Acremonitan zeae. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Wicklow, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM wicklodt@ncaur.usda.gov OI Deyrup, Stephen/0000-0002-1851-5593 NR 53 TC 67 Z9 83 U1 4 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 109 BP 610 EP 618 DI 10.1017/S0953756205002820 PN 5 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 938MK UT WOS:000230007300010 PM 16018316 ER PT J AU Izzo, A Agbowo, J Bruns, TD AF Izzo, A Agbowo, J Bruns, TD TI Detection of plot-level changes in ectomycorrhizal communities across years in an old-growth mixed-conifer forest SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Abies spp.; ITS DNA sequence; mixed-conifer forest; root community; Sierra Nevada; spatial structure ID BELOW-GROUND VIEWS; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION; PINUS-MURICATA; MATURE TREES; FUNGI; SOIL; DIVERSITY; SEEDLINGS; PATTERNS AB Understanding spatial and temporal patterns present in ectomycorrhizal fungal community structure is critical to understanding both the scale and duration of the potential impact these fungi have on the plant community. While recent studies consider the spatial structure of ectomycorrhizal communities, few studies consider how this changes over time. Ectomycorrhizal root biomass and the similarity of community composition were measured at scales up to 20 cm replicated in nine plots and over 3 yr. Soil cores were additionally stratified into three depths. Annual occurrence of the dominant ectomycorrhizal species was constant at larger spatial scales but varied more across years at a fine spatial scale. Turnover of ectomycorrhizal species between years was observed frequently at scales < 20 cm. The ectomycorrhizal community within a plot was more similar across years than it was to other plots sampled in the same year. Our results demonstrate the dynamic nature of the ectomycorrhizal community even in the absence of large-scale disturbances. The potential role of root turnover and drought stress is discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Izzo, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM Izzo@trfl.ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 134 Z9 142 U1 3 U2 33 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 166 IS 2 BP 619 EP 630 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01354.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 913UK UT WOS:000228178900027 PM 15819924 ER PT J AU Peterson, JI Banish, NP Thurow, RF AF Peterson, JI Banish, NP Thurow, RF TI Are block nets necessary?: Movement of stream-dwelling salmonids in response to three common survey methods SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROOK TROUT; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; WINTER CONCEALMENT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; SELECTION; BEHAVIOR; SIZE AB Fish movement during sampling may negatively bias sample data and population estimates. We evaluated the short-term movements of stream-dwelling salmonids by recapture of marked individuals during day and night snorkeling and backpack electrofishing. Bull trout Salvelinus confluentus and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were captured in sufficient numbers to evaluate instream movements and the influence of stream habitat on movement. Salmonids moved upstream more often than downstream, which suggests that fish fled in response to sampling procedures. Fish movement rates were related to sampling method and stream habitat characteristics. The proportion of bull trout (mean total length, 148 mm) moving upstream from a 50-m reach was 28% for day snorkeling, 25% for night snorkeling, and 18% for single-pass electrofishing. The likelihood of rainbow trout movement upstream during sampling declined as the percentage of rubble substrate increased. Rainbow trout (mean total length, 139 mm) traveled short distances; 67% of mobile rainbow trout traveled 25 m, whereas 59% of mobile bull trout traveled more than 50 m. Our results suggest that fish movement out of sample sites during sampling may negatively bias abundance estimates and positively bias estimates of detection probability. We suggest that block nets are necessary to ensure population closure when estimating population abundance for stream-dwelling salmonids. We further caution that, when fish flee in response to sampling, observations of habitat use may only apply to the proportion of fish that remained stationary and that were observed. C1 Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Peterson, JI (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM peterson@smokey.forestryuga.edu NR 40 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 732 EP 743 DI 10.1577/M04-051.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936ET UT WOS:000229839000035 ER PT J AU Venterea, RT Rolston, DE Cardon, ZG AF Venterea, RT Rolston, DE Cardon, ZG TI Effects of soil moisture, physical, and chemical characteristics on abiotic nitric oxide production SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Soils - From Controls to Multi-Gas Approach CY 2003 CL Denver, CO DE chemodenitrification; nitrite; nitrous acid; ozone; soil pH; tillage ID GASEOUS NITROGEN-OXIDES; AGRICULTURAL SOIL; GAS EMISSIONS; NITRIFICATION; OZONE; NO; ACCUMULATION; MECHANISMS; AMMONIUM; KINETICS AB The objective of this study was to examine the effect of soil water content, and other physical and chemical factors, on the abiotic component of nitric oxide (NO) production in laboratory studies using soils from agricultural fields in Minnesota, California, and Connecticut. In all soils, gross NO production decreased with increasing gravimetric water content (theta) in nitrite (NO2-)-amended sterilized soils. The rate coefficient describing nitrous acid (HNO2)-mediated NO production (k(p)) also decreased with increasing theta in both gamma-irradiated and autoclaved soils. Significant correlations were found between ln k(p) and several soil properties including: content of silt, clay, total carbon, total N, and extractable iron, and an estimate of the cation exchange capacity of the clay fraction. Multiple regression models incorporating these variables explained 85-93% of the variance in ln k(p). The relationships obtained suggest that the mechanism of abiotic NO production is primarily mediated at the soil solution-surface interface. These findings provide consistent evidence of a previously unrecognized mechanism by which soil water content can affect NO production by mediating a chemical process. Application of a dynamic process model indicated that the simulated variation in NO emissions as a consequence of this effect is comparable to the variation observed in previous studies of NO emissions. Comparison of soils from two different long-term tillage studies also indicated that reduced pH in no-till systems may lead to greater NO emissions for a given level of NO2- accumulation. Overall, these results suggest that current views of controls over N oxide gas emissions may need to be revised to include abiotic reactions, in addition to microbial and physical processes, as yet another category of factors that is highly sensitive to soil water content. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Venterea, RT (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 439 Borlang Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM venterea@umn.edu RI Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009; Cardon, Zoe/I-2119-2016 OI Cardon, Zoe/0000-0001-8725-7842 NR 49 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1 BP 27 EP 40 DI 10.1007/s10705-004-7351-5 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 969WI UT WOS:000232265900004 ER PT J AU Mosier, AR Halvorson, AD Peterson, GA Robertson, GP Sherrod, L AF Mosier, AR Halvorson, AD Peterson, GA Robertson, GP Sherrod, L TI Measurement of net global warming potential in three agroecosystems SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Soils - From Controls to Multi-Gas Approach CY 2003 CL Denver, CO DE climate change; greenhouse gases; nitrous oxide; no-till; soil organic carbon ID COLORADO SHORTGRASS STEPPE; NITROUS-OXIDE FLUXES; SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; N2O FLUXES; LONG-TERM; SEQUESTRATION; AGRICULTURE; MANAGEMENT; TILLAGE; EMISSIONS AB When appraising the impact of food and fiber production systems on the composition of the Earth's atmosphere and the 'greenhouse' effect, the entire suite of biogenic greenhouse gases - carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) - needs to be considered. Storage of atmospheric CO2 into stable organic carbon pools in the soil can sequester CO2 while common crop production practices can produce CO2, generate N2O, and decrease the soil sink for atmospheric CH4. The overall balance between the net exchange of these gases constitutes the net global warming potential (GWP) of a crop production system. Trace gas flux and soil organic carbon (SOC) storage data from long-term studies, a rainfed site in Michigan that contrasts conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) cropping, a rainfed site in northeastern Colorado that compares cropping systems in NT, and an irrigated site in Colorado that compares tillage and crop rotations, are used to estimate net GWP from crop production systems. Nitrous oxide emissions comprised 40-44% of the GWP from both rain-fed sites and contributed 16-33% of GWP in the irrigated system. The energy used for irrigation was the dominant GWP source in the irrigated system. Whether a system is a sink or source of CO2, i.e. net GWP, was controlled by the rate of SOC storage in all sites. SOC accumulation in the surface 7.5 cm of both rainfed continuous cropping systems was approximately 1100 kg CO2 equivalents ha(-1) y(-1). Carbon accrual rates were about three times higher in the irrigated system. The rainfed systems had been in NT for > 10 years while the irrigated system had been converted to NT 3 years before the start of this study. It remains to be seen if the C accrual rates decline with time in the irrigated system or if N2O emission rates decline or increase with time after conversion to NT. C1 ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Michigan State Univ, WK Kellogg Biol Stn, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. RP Mosier, AR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM arvin.mosier@ars.usda.gov RI Peterson, Gary/B-8119-2013; Robertson, G/H-3885-2011 OI Robertson, G/0000-0001-9771-9895 NR 25 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 5 U2 52 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1 BP 67 EP 76 DI 10.1007/s10705-004-7356-0 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 969WI UT WOS:000232265900007 ER PT J AU Rosebrough, RW Ashwell, CM AF Rosebrough, RW Ashwell, CM TI Dietary metformin effects on in vitro and in vivo metabolism in the chicken SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE biguanides; blood glucose; appetite; metabolism; chicken ID AVIAN LIVER EXPLANTS; LIPID-METABOLISM; BLOOD-PRESSURE; RISK-FACTORS; INSULIN; OBESE; GLUCONEOGENESIS; HEPATOCYTES; LIPOGENESIS; INHIBITION AB Chickens were fed diets containing 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 and 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 g metformin (MET)/kg diet in 2 separate experiments to determine whether MET (1,1 dimethylbiguanidine hydrochloride) regulated plasma glucose and, possibly, feed intake in broiler chickens. Feed intakes in the first experiment were equal, but, in the second experiment, MET at 5 and 10 g/kg reduced feed intake. The first series of diets had no effect on plasma glucose and lactate. The second series of dietary treatments did not affect plasma glucose but did increase plasma lactate, uric acid, and triglycerides linearly. In the second experiment, there were significant decreases in lipogenesis that accompanied increasing doses of MET. The increase in plasma lactic acid suggests that MET stimulates pyruvate kinase in the chicken, as it does in mammals. The lack of effect on plasma glucose also suggests that regulation occurs downstream of pyruvate in the chicken. These findings may explain MET's ability to reduce hepatic triglyceride synthesis and suppress appetite. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Growth Biol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rosebrough, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Growth Biol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rosebro@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 25 IS 5 BP 491 EP 497 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2005.03.001 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 945VO UT WOS:000230530600008 ER PT J AU Fried, JH Levey, DJ Hogsette, JA AF Fried, JH Levey, DJ Hogsette, JA TI Habitat corridors function as both drift fences and movement conduits for dispersing flies SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPES; BIOLOGICAL CORRIDORS; STABLE FLIES; BEHAVIOR; RATES; CONNECTIVITY; COLONIZATION; CONSERVATION; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS AB Corridors connect otherwise isolated habitat patches and can direct movement of animals among such patches. In eight experimental landscapes, we tested two hypotheses of how corridors might affect dispersal behavior. The Traditional Corridor hypothesis posits that animals preferentially leave patches via corridors, following them into adjacent patches. The Drift Fence hypothesis posits that animals dispersing through matrix habitat are diverted into patches with corridors because they follow corridors when encountered. House flies (Musca domestica L.), a species that prefers the habitat of our patches and corridors, were released in a central patch (100x100 m) and recaptured in peripheral patches that were or were not connected by a corridor. Flies were captured more frequently in connected than unconnected patches.. thereby supporting the Traditional Corridor hypothesis. The Drift Fence hypothesis was also supported, as flies were captured more frequently in unconnected patches with blind (dead end) corridors than in unconnected patches of equal area without blind corridors. A second experiment tested whether these results might be dependent on the type of patch-matrix boundary encountered by dispersing flies and whether edge-following behavior might be the mechanism underlying the observed corridor effect ill the first experiment. We recorded dispersal patterns of flies released along forest edges with dense undergrowth in the forest ("closed" edges) and along edges with little forest understory ("open" edges). Flies were less likely to cross and more likely to follow closed edges than open edges, indicating that when patch and corridor edges are pronounced, edge-following behavior of flies may direct them along corridors into connected patches. Because edges in the first experiment were open, these results also suggest that corridor effects for flies in that experiment would have been even stronger if the edges around the source patches and corridors had been more closed. Taken together, our results suggest that corridors can affect dispersal of organisms in unappreciated ways (i.e., as drift fences) and that edge type can alter dispersal behavior. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Levey, DJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Zool, 118525, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM dlevey@zoo.ufl.edu NR 37 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 2005 VL 143 IS 4 BP 645 EP 651 DI 10.1007/s00442-005-0023-6 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 935KL UT WOS:000229781100017 PM 15800750 ER PT J AU Cushman, SA Chase, M Griffin, C AF Cushman, SA Chase, M Griffin, C TI Elephants in space and time SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID HOME-RANGE SIZE; HABITAT USE; RADIO-TRACKING; AUTOCORRELATION; AVAILABILITY; BIAS AB Autocorrelation in animal movements can be both a serious nuisance to analysis and a source of valuable information about the scale and patterns of animal behavior, depending on the question and the techniques employed. In this paper we present an approach to analyzing the patterns of autocorrelation in animal movements that provides a detailed picture of seasonal variability in the scale and patterns of movement. We used a combination of moving window Mantel correlograms, surface correlation and crosscorrelation analysis to investigate the scales and patterns of autocorrelation in the movements of three herds of elephants in northern Botswana. Patterns of autocorrelation of elephant movements were long-range, temporally complicated, seasonally variable, and closely linked with the onset of rainfall events. Specifically, for the three elephant herds monitored there was often significant autocorrelation among locations up to lags of 30 days or more. During many seasonal periods there was no indication of decreasing autocorrelation with increasing time between locations. Over the course of the year, herds showed highly variable and complex patterns of autocorrelation, ranging from random use of temporary home ranges, periodic use of focal areas, and directional migration. Even though the patterns of autocorrelation were variable in time and quite complex, there were highly significant correlations among the autocorrelation patterns of the different herds, indicating that they exhibited similar patterns of movement through the year. These major patterns of autocorrelation seem to be related to patterns of rainfall. The strength of correlation in movement patterns of the different herds decreased markedly at the cessation of major rain events. Also, there was a strong crosscorrelation between strength of autocorrelation of movement and rainfall, peaking at time lags of between three and four weeks. Overall, these approaches provide a powerful way to explore the scales and patterns of autocorrelation of animal movements, and to explicitly link those patterns to temporally variable environmental attributes, such as rainfall or vegetation phenology. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Cushman, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM scushman@fs.fed.us NR 23 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 26 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD MAY PY 2005 VL 109 IS 2 BP 331 EP 341 DI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13538.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 902XY UT WOS:000227391200011 ER PT J AU Thureen, P Heird, WC AF Thureen, P Heird, WC TI Protein and energy requirements of the preterm/low birthweight (LBW) infant SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID AMINO-ACID-CONCENTRATIONS; CATCH-UP GROWTH; METABOLIC RESPONSE; PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; NUTRIENT RETENTION; PREMATURE-INFANTS; HEART-DISEASE; HUMAN-MILK; EARLY DIET; LIFE C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Thureen, P (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, 4200 E 9th Ave,B-195, Denver, CO 80262 USA. EM patti.thureen@uchse.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [K24 RR018358, M0 1 RR00188, RR00069]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD043350] NR 38 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 57 IS 5 BP 95R EP 98R DI 10.1203/01.PDR.0000160434.69916.34 PN 2 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 919VQ UT WOS:000228646100014 PM 15817496 ER PT J AU Guo, MX Yates, SR Papiernik, SK Zheng, W AF Guo, MX Yates, SR Papiernik, SK Zheng, W TI Incompatibility of metam sodium with halogenated fumigants SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Vapam; metam; methyl bromide; methyl iodide; 1,3-dichloropropene; chloropicrin; propargyl bromide; incompatibility ID METHYL-BROMIDE; SOIL; ALTERNATIVES; ISOTHIOCYANATE; TOMATO AB Metam sodium (metam) is a widely used soil fumigant. Combined application of metam and other available fumigants is intended to produce synergic pesticidal effects for a broad spectrum of pest control in soil fumigation. This study aimed to test the compatibility of metam with the halogenated fumigants 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), chloropicrin, methyl bromide, methyl iodide and propargyl bromide. Halogenated fumigants and metam were spiked simultaneously into organic solvents, water and moist soils, and metam-induced degradation of these halogenated chemicals was evaluated. In all three media, the halogenated fumigants were incompatible with metam and degraded via rapid chemical reactions. The degradation rate varied with halogenated fumigant species and increased as the amount of metam present was increased. In moist soil, 15-95 % of the halogenated fumigants were decomposed within 72 h by metam at a 1: 1 molar ratio. Combined application of Telone C-35 (62.5 % 1,3-D + 35 % chloropicrin) at 26S mg kg(-1) and Vapam (42 % metam) at 567 mg kg-1 in soil resulted in complete disappearance of the applied chloropicrin and 20-38 % of the 1,3-D within 8 h. The results suggest that simultaneous application of halogenated fumigants and metam at the same soil depth will not maximize pest control. In practice, sequential treatment of soil or application at different soil depths is recommended when these two types of fumigants are used in combination. (c) 2004 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA, ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Guo, MX (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM mingxin.guo@ucr.edu NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 61 IS 5 BP 467 EP 476 DI 10.1002/ps.960 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 918SU UT WOS:000228568700005 PM 15816019 ER PT J AU Vega-Sanchez, ME Redinbaugh, MG Costanzo, S Dorrance, AE AF Vega-Sanchez, ME Redinbaugh, MG Costanzo, S Dorrance, AE TI Spatial and temporal expression analysis of defense-related genes in soybean cultivars with different levels of partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE partial resistance; soybean; Glycine max; Phytophthora sajae; defense-related genes; pathogenesis-related genes; RNA blot analysis; time-course infection assay; roots; cotyledons ID F-SP GLYCINEA; QUANTITATIVE DISEASE RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ALTERNARIA-SOLANI; CO-LOCALIZE; TRAIT LOCI; TOMATO; CHITINASE; INDUCTION; INFESTANS AB The molecular mechanisms and the defense responses associated with partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae in soybean are unknown. In this study, we examined correlations between the expression of defense genes with partial resistance. First, to determine whether constitutive levels of expression of defense-related genes correlated with partial resistance to P. sojae, northern blot analysis of seven defense-related genes in 14 cultivars with low, moderate and high levels of partial resistance was performed. Pearson's correlations between mean lesion length and mean constitutive mRNA signals for defense-related genes showed no significant association to partial resistance to P. sojae. These results suggested that mechanisms linked to defense-related mRNA levels expressed during infection might better explain variations in partial resistance to P. sojae in soybean. Second, accumulation of four defense-related transcripts during infection was monitored in a spatial, time-course infection assay with two soybean cultivars, Conrad (high level of partial resistance) and OX 20-8 (Rps1a, low level of partial resistance). mRNA was isolated for Northern blot analysis from root sections harvested below, at, and above the inoculation site at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after inoculation (hai) with P. sojae. P. sojae and soybean actin cDNAs were used as probes in the infected root sections to estimate relative proportions of RNA. Differential mRNA accumulation patterns for both soybean and P. sojae actin following P. sojae colonization in the three root sections of Conrad and OX 20-8 suggested that effective lesion-limiting mechanisms occurred primarily in the upper root section. Transcript levels for PR1a, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and basic peroxidase (IPER) at the inoculation site; and IPER above the inoculation site at 72 hai were significantly higher in Conrad with higher levels of partial resistance. Our results suggest that defense responses associated with accumulation of PR1a, MMP, IPER and beta-1,3-endoglucanase (EGL) mRNAs may contribute to the partial resistance response to P. sojae in soybean. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Dorrance, AE (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM dorrance.1@osu.edu RI Vega-Sanchez, Miguel/K-3072-2012; Redinbaugh, Margaret/A-3611-2013 OI Vega-Sanchez, Miguel/0000-0003-0128-2743; NR 42 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 66 IS 5 BP 175 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2005.07.001 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 987TV UT WOS:000233541100003 ER PT J AU Vandemark, GJ Miklas, PN AF Vandemark, GJ Miklas, PN TI Genotyping common bean for the potyvirus resistance alleles I and bc-I-2 with a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE protected I gene; quantitative PCR ID PCR-BASED MARKERS; MOSAIC-VIRUS; GENES; BC-1(2) AB A multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed to simultaneously genotype plants for the I and bc-l(2) alleles, which condition resistance in beans to Bean common mosaic virus and Bean common mosaic necrosis Writs. A segregating F-2 population was derived from the cross between pinto bean breeding line P94207-189A (bc-l bc-lll) and Olathe (bc-l(2) bc-l(2) i i). Real-time PCR assays were developed that were specific for each allele, and a multiplex PCR reaction Could unambiguously assign F-2 plants to one of nine genotypes. Remnant F-1 plants were used as a comparative reference sample. PCR results among this sample fit a normal distribution for both real-time PCR assays, and 99% probability distributions were determined for heterozygotes. F-2 plants were genotyped based on results relative to the probability distributions for heterozygotes. F-2 plants also were genotyped for the I and bc-l(2) alleles by performing F-3 family progeny tests for virus resistance. Agreement between the two methods was 100% (198/198) for the bc-l(2) allele, and 92.4% (183/198) for the I allele. Erroneous genotyping was due to recombination between the amplicon and the I allele. Realtime PCR assays provide a robust method for genotyping seedlings and, in some cases, may eliminate the need for progeny testing. C1 USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crop Prod Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Vandemark, GJ (reprint author), USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crop Prod Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM gvandemark@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 2005 VL 95 IS 5 BP 499 EP 505 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-95-0499 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 919CV UT WOS:000228596800006 PM 18943314 ER PT J AU Liang, XQ Holbrook, CC Lynch, RE Guo, BZ AF Liang, XQ Holbrook, CC Lynch, RE Guo, BZ TI beta-1,3-glucanase activity in peanut seed (Arachis hypogaea) is induced by inoculation with Aspergillus flavas and copurifies with a conglutin-like protein SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS; TUBER STORAGE PROTEIN; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES; TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; MOLECULAR-CLONING; CORN KERNELS; CHITINASE; INFECTION; MAIZE; ACCUMULATION AB Infection of peanut (Arochis hypogaea) seed by Aspergillus-flavus and A. parasiticus is a serious problem that can result in aflatoxin contamination in the seed. Breeding resistant cultivars would be an effective approach to reduce aflatoxin accumulation. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of the path ogenesis-related (PR) protein beta-1,3-glucanase and the isoform patterns in peanut seed inoculated with A. flavus. Peanut genotypes GT-YY9 and GT-YY20 (both resistant to A.flavus infection) and Georgia Green and A100 (both susceptible to A. A.flavus infection) were used in this study. The activities of beta-1,3-glucanase were similar in the uninfected seed of all genotypes, but increased significantly in the resistant genotypes after inoculation in comparison with the susceptible genotypes. An in-gel (native polyacrylamide gel elec- trophoresis [PAGE]) enzymatic activity assay of beta-1,3-glucanase revealed that there were more protein bands corresponding to beta-1,3-glucanase isoforms in the infected seed of resistant genotypes than in the infected seed of susceptible genotypes. Both acidic and basic beta- 1,3-glucanase isoforms were detected in the isoelectric focusing gels. Thin-layer chromatography analysis of the hydrolytic products from the reaction mixtures of the substrate with the total protein extract or individual band of native PAGE revealed the presence of enzymatic hydrolytic oligomer products. The individual bands corresponding to the bands of beta-1,3-glucanase isoforms Glu 1 to 5 were separated on the sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE, resulting in two bands of 10 and 13 kDa, respectively. The sequences of fragments of the 13-kDa major protein band showed a high degree of homology to conglutin, a storage protein in peanut seed. Conglutin is reported as a peanut allergen, Ara h2. Our data provide the first evidences for peanut having beta- 1,3-glucanase activities and the association with the resistance to A. flavus colonization in peanut seed. We have not directly demonstrated that conglutin has beta-13-glucanase activity. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Guo, BZ (reprint author), Guangdong Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. EM bguo@tifton.usda.gov NR 42 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 2005 VL 95 IS 5 BP 506 EP 511 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-95-0506 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 919CV UT WOS:000228596800007 PM 18943315 ER PT J AU Davidson, JM Wickland, AC Patterson, HA Falk, KR Rizzo, DM AF Davidson, JM Wickland, AC Patterson, HA Falk, KR Rizzo, DM TI Transmission of Phytophthora ramorum in mixed-evergreen forest in California SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PORT-ORFORD-CEDAR; SUDDEN OAK DEATH; SPLASH DISPERSAL; BELL PEPPER; 1ST REPORT; ROOT-ROT; PATHOGEN; CINNAMOMI; CAPSICI; WATER AB During 2001 to 2003, the transmission biology of Phytophthora ramorum, the causal agent of sudden oak death, was studied in mixed-evergreen forest, a common forest type in northern, coastal California. Investigation of the sources of spore production focused on coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) and bay laurel (Umbellularia californica), dominant hosts that comprised 39.7 and 46.2% of the individuals at the study site, respectively. All tests for inoculum production from the surface of infected coast live oak bark or exudates from cankers were negative. In contrast, sporangia and chlamydospores were produced on the surface of infected bay laurel leaves. Mean number of zoospores produced from infected bay laurel leaves under natural field conditions during rainstorms was 1,173.0 +/- SE 301.48, and ranged as high as 5,200 spores/leaf. P. ramorum was recovered from rainwater, soil, litter, and streamwater during the mid-to late rainy season in all 3 years of the study. P. ramorum was not recovered from sporadic summer rains or soil and litter during the hot, dry summer months. Concentrations of inoculum in rainwater varied significantly from year to year and increased as the rainy season progressed for the two complete seasons that were studied. Potential dispersal distances were investigated for rainwater, soil, and streamwater. In rainwater, inoculum moved 5 and 10 m from the inoculum source. For soil, transmission of inoculum was demonstrated from infested soil to bay laurel green leaf litter, and from bay laurel green leaf litter to aerial leaves of bay laurel seedlings. One-third to one-half of the hikers tested at the study site during the rainy season also were carrying infested soil on their shoes. In streamwater, P. ramorum was recovered from an unforested site in pasture approximate to 1 km downstream of forest with inoculum sources. In total, these studies provide details on the production and spread of P. ramorum inoculum in mixed-evergreen forest to aid forecasting and managing disease transmission of this environmentally destructive pathogen. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RP Davidson, JM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, 2538 McCarthy Mall,Edmondson 152, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jmd@hawaii.edu NR 60 TC 161 Z9 171 U1 6 U2 39 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 2005 VL 95 IS 5 BP 587 EP 596 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-95-0587 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 919CV UT WOS:000228596800018 PM 18943326 ER PT J AU Galuszka, P Frebortova, J Luhova, L Bilyeu, KD English, JT Frebort, I AF Galuszka, P Frebortova, J Luhova, L Bilyeu, KD English, JT Frebort, I TI Tissue localization of cytokinin dehydrogenase in maize: Possible involvement of quinone species generated from plant phenolics by other enzymatic systems in the catalytic reaction SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytokinin; cytokinin dehydrogenase; laccase; maize; plant phenolics ID BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE GENES; HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; CAFFEIC ACID; BIOSYNTHESIS; OXIDATION; CLONING; PHLOEM AB The degradation of cytokinins in plants is controlled by the flavoprotein cytokinin dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.99.12). Cytokinin dehydrogenase from maize showed the ability to use oxidation products of guaiacol, 4-methylcatechol, acetosyringone and several other compounds as electron acceptors. These results led us to explore the cability for indirect production of suitable electron acceptors by different quinone-generating enzymes. The results reported here revealed that the electron acceptors may be generated in vivo from plant phenolics by other enzymatic systems such as peroxidase and tyrosinase/laccase/catechol oxidase. Histochemical localization of cytokinin dehydrogenase by activity staining and immunochemistry using optical and confocal microscopy showed that cytokinin dehydrogenase is most abundant in the aleurone layer of maize kernels and in phloem cells of the seedling shoots. Cytokinin dehydrogenase was confirmed to be present in the apoplast of cells. Co-staining of enzyme activity for laccase, an enzyme poised to function on the cell wall in the apoplast, in those tissues suggests a possible cooperation of the enzymes in cytokinin degradation. Additionally, the presence of precursors for electron acceptors of cytokinin dehydrogenase was detected in phloem exudates collected from maize seedlings, suggestive of an enzymatic capacity to control cytokinin flux through the vasculature. A putative metabolic connection between cytokinin degradation and conversion of plant phenolics by oxidases was proposed. C1 Palacky Univ, Dept Biochem, Div Mol Biol, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic. Palacky Univ, Lab Growth Regulators, Inst Expt Bot, Acad Sci, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic. Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Palacky Univ, Dept Biochem, Div Mol Biol, Slechtitelu 11, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic. EM ivo.frebort@upol.cz RI Frebortova, Jitka/H-2435-2014 NR 54 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-0781 EI 1471-9053 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 46 IS 5 BP 716 EP 728 DI 10.1093/pcp/pci074 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 930TX UT WOS:000229441100004 PM 15746157 ER PT J AU Peng, CA Oliver, MJ Wood, AJ AF Peng, CA Oliver, MJ Wood, AJ TI Is the rehydrin TrDr3 from Tortula ruralis associated with tolerance to cold, salinity, and reduced pH? Physiological evaluation of the TrDr3-orthologue, HdeD from Escherichia coli in response to abiotic stress SO PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE desiccation; membrane protein; moss ID EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; DESICCATION-TOLERANCE; PROTEIN; SEARCH; GENES; CLASSIFICATION; REHYDRATION; BRYOPHYTES; DATABASE; SYSTEM AB We have employed EST analysis in the resurrection moss Tortula ruralis to discover genes that control vegetative desiccation tolerance and describe the characterization of the EST-derived cDNA TrDr3 (Tortula ruralis desiccation-stress related). The deduced polypeptide TRDR3 has a predicted molecular mass of 25.5 kDa, predicted pl of 6.7, and six transmembrane helical domains. Preliminary expression analyses demonstrate that the TrDr3 transcript ratio increases in response to slow desiccation relative to the hydrated control in both total and polysomal mRNA (mRNP fraction), which classifies TrDr3 as a rehydrin. Bioinformatic searches of the electronic databases reveal that Tortula TRDR3 shares significant similarities to the hdeD gene product (HNS-dependent expression) from Escherichia coli. The function of the HdeD protein in E. coli is unknown, but it is postulated to be involved in a mechanism of acid stress defence. To establish the role of E. coli HdeD in abiotic stress tolerance, we determined the log survival percentage from shaking cultures of wild-type bacteria and the isogenic hdeD deletion strain (Delta hdeD) in the presence of low temperature (28 degrees C), elevated NaCl (5% (w/v)), or decreased pH (4.5), or all treatments simultaneously. The Delta hdeD deletion strain was less sensitive, as compared to wild-type E. coli, in response to decreased pH (p > 0.009), and the combination of all three stresses (p > 0.0001). C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. USDA, ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79407 USA. RP Wood, AJ (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM wood@plant.siu.edu NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1435-8603 J9 PLANT BIOLOGY JI Plant Biol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 7 IS 3 BP 315 EP 320 DI 10.1055/s-2005-865653 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 933XS UT WOS:000229666800013 PM 15912452 ER PT J AU Zhong, RQ Burk, DH Nairn, CJ Wood-Jones, A Morrison, WH Ye, ZH AF Zhong, RQ Burk, DH Nairn, CJ Wood-Jones, A Morrison, WH Ye, ZH TI Mutation of SAC1, an Arabidopsis SAC domain phosphoinositide phosphatase, causes alterations in cell morphogenesis, cell wall synthesis, and actin organization SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID INOSITOL POLYPHOSPHATE 5-PHOSPHATASE; MAIZE LEAF EPIDERMIS; POLLEN-TUBE GROWTH; F-ACTIN; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 4,5-BISPHOSPHATE; CELLULOSE MICROFIBRILS; ORIENTED DEPOSITION; PREPROPHASE BANDS; LIPID PHOSPHATASE; ARP2/3 COMPLEX AB SAC ( for suppressor of actin) domain proteins in yeast and animals have been shown to modulate the levels of phosphoinositides, thereby regulating several cellular activities such as signal transduction, actin cytoskeleton organization, and vesicle trafficking. Nine genes encoding SAC domain-containing proteins are present in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, but their roles in plant cellular functions and plant growth and development have not been characterized. In this report, we demonstrate the essential roles of one of the Arabidopsis SAC domain proteins, AtSAC1, in plant cellular functions. Mutation of the AtSAC1 gene in the fragile fiber7 (fra7) mutant caused a dramatic decrease in the wall thickness of fiber cells and vessel elements, thus resulting in a weak stem phenotype. The fra7 mutation also led to reduced length and aberrant shapes in fiber cells, pith cells, and trichomes and to an alteration in overall plant architecture. The AtSAC1 gene was found to be expressed in all tissues in elongating organs; however, it showed predominant expression in vascular tissues and fibers in nonelongating parts of stems. In vitro activity assay demonstrated that AtSAC1 exhibited phosphatase activity toward phosphatidylinositol 3,5-biphosphate. Subcellular localization studies showed that AtSAC1 was colocalized with a Golgi marker. Truncation of the C terminus by the fra7 mutation resulted in its localization in the cytoplasm but had no effect on phosphatase activity. Furthermore, examination of the cytoskeleton organization revealed that the fra7 mutation caused the formation of aberrant actin cables in elongating cells but had no effect on the organization of cortical microtubules. Together, these results provide genetic evidence that AtSAC1, a SAC domain phosphoinositide phosphatase, is required for normal cell morphogenesis, cell wall synthesis, and actin organization. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Ye, ZH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM zhye@plantbio.uga.edu RI Burk, David/D-2056-2009 NR 73 TC 51 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD MAY PY 2005 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1449 EP 1466 DI 10.1105/tpc.105.031377 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 922EH UT WOS:000228818700011 PM 15805481 ER PT J AU Chen, CC Chen, TC Lin, YH Yeh, SD Hsu, HT AF Chen, CC Chen, TC Lin, YH Yeh, SD Hsu, HT TI A chlorotic spot disease on calla lilies (Zantedeschia spp.) is caused by a tospovirus serologically but distantly related to Watermelon silver mottle virus SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE electron microscopy; insect vector; serology ID WILT-LIKE VIRUS; GENOME SEQUENCE; L RNA; IDENTIFICATION; COMPLETION; PROTEINS AB A new tospovirus, Calla lily chlorotic spot virus (CCSV), was isolated front calla lilies (Zanledeschia spp.) in Taiwan. Chlorotic spots, ranging from light green to yellow, appear on the middle leaves of the affected plants. Virions measuring 75 to 105 rim. similar in size to tospovirus particles, were present in crude extracts and ultrathin sections of diseased leaves. Of 35 plant species inoculated mechanically, 24, including wax gourd (Benincasa hispida) and zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo), were susceptible to the virus. CCSV was transmitted from infected wax gourd by Thrips palmi to healthy wax gourd and zucchini squash. The virus was weakly related to Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV) in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot tests. WSMoV-specific N gene printers, however, failed to produce DNA fragments from total RNA extracts of CCSV-infected plants in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results of RT-PCR show that the conserved regions of the L genes of tospoviruses are present in CCSV. C1 USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Taichung Dist Agr Improvement Stn, Dept Plant Protect, Changhua, Taiwan. Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. RP Hsu, HT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hsuht@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 26 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 89 IS 5 BP 440 EP 445 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0440 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 919BP UT WOS:000228593600001 ER PT J AU Sether, DM Melzer, MJ Busto, J Zee, F Hu, JS AF Sether, DM Melzer, MJ Busto, J Zee, F Hu, JS TI Diversity and mealybug transmissibility of ampeloviruses in pineapple SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE vector transmission ID CITRUS TRISTEZA VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENOME ORGANIZATION; YELLOWS VIRUS; WILT; CLOSTEROVIRUS; DISEASE; HAWAII; IMPACT; YIELD AB Mealybug wilt of pineapple (MWP) is one of the most destructive diseases of pineapple (Ananas comosus) worldwide. At least one Ampelovirus species, Pineapple mealybug wilt associated virus-2 (PMWaV-2), and mealybug feeding are involved in the etiology of MWP. A previously undescribed Ampelovirus sharing highest homology with PMWaV-1 and a putative deletion mutant sharing highest homology with PMWaV-2 were detected with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays using degenerate primers. Results were verified with additional sequence information and by immunosorbent electron microscopy. Sequence homology between the virus tentatively designated PMWaV-3, and PMWaV-1 and PMWaV-2, decreases toward the N-terminal across the HSP70 homolog, small hydrophobic protein, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase open reading frames (ORF). Putative PMWaV-3 could not be detected with four different monoclonal antibodies specific for PMWaV-1 and PMWaV-2. The potential deletion mutant spanning the N-terminal of the HSP70 region was obtained from a pineapple accession from Zaire maintained at the USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository in Hawaii. Putative PMWaV-3, like PMWaV-1 and PMWaV-2, is transmissible separately or in combination with other PMWaVs by Dysmicoccus brevipes and D. neobrevipes mealybugs. Plants infected with PMWaV-3 that were continuously exposed to mealybugs did not develop symptoms of MWP in the absence of PMWaV-2. Specific RT-PCR assays were developed for detection of putative PMWaV-3 and the deletion mutant. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Hu, JS (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM johnhu@hawaii.edu NR 30 TC 31 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 89 IS 5 BP 450 EP 456 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0450 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 919BP UT WOS:000228593600003 ER PT J AU Liu, HY Sears, JL Lewellen, RT AF Liu, HY Sears, JL Lewellen, RT TI Occurrence of resistance-breaking Beet necrotic yellow vein virus of sugar beet SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS; RHIZOMANIA RESISTANCE; PCR PRODUCTS; PLANTS; POLYMORPHISMS; TOMATO; STRAIN; DNA AB Rhizomania is an important virus disease of sugar beet and is caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV). During 2002-03, several sugar beet fields with cultivars partially resistant to BNYVV grown in the Imperial Valley of California were observed with severe rhizomania symptoms, suggesting that resistance conditioned by Rz1 had been compromised. Soil testing with sugar beet baiting plants followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to diagnose virus infection. Resistant varieties grown in BNYVV-infested soil from Salinas, CA, were ELISA-negative. In contrast, when grown in BNYVV-infested soil collected from the Imperial Valley, CA, all resistant varieties became infected and tested positive by ELISA. Based on host reaction, eight distinct BNYVV isolates have been identified from Imperial Valley soil (IV-BNYVV) by single local lesion isolation. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays showed that the eight IV-BNYVV isolates did not contain RNA-5. Single-strand conformation polymorphism banding patterns for the IV-BNYVV isolates were identical to A-type and different from P-type. Sequence alignments of PCR products from BNYVV RNAI near the 3' end of IV-BNYVV isolates revealed that both IV-BNYVV and Salinas BNYVV isolates were similar to A-type and different from B-type. Our results suggest that the resistance-breaking BNYVV isolates from Imperial Valley likely evolved from existing A-type isolates. C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Liu, HY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM hliu@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 89 IS 5 BP 464 EP 468 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0464 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 919BP UT WOS:000228593600005 ER PT J AU Janisiewicz, WJ Peterson, AL Yoder, KS Miller, SS AF Janisiewicz, WJ Peterson, AL Yoder, KS Miller, SS TI Experimental bin drenching system for testing biocontrol agents to control postharvest decay of apples SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE blue mold; Malus x domestica; pome fruits ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BLUE MOLD; BICARBONATE; RESISTANCE; CARBONATE; DISEASES; EFFICACY; STORAGE; CITRUS AB A portable drencher capable of drenching a single bin of fruit was built to simulate the commercial application of chemicals to harvested apples in small orchard operations in the central and eastern United States. The drencher required as little as 125 liters of the treatment solution and permitted various bin travel speeds. Wounded apples were placed midway between the bottom and top of the bin, in the center, and near the four corners of the bin (20 fruit per location) and covered with enough unwounded apples to fill the bin. The bins were drenched with a suspension containing Penicillium expansum at 2 x 104 conidia per ml in 2000, 5 x 103 conidia per ml in 2001, and 3 x 103 conidia per ml in 2002 and 2003. In 2000 and 2003, the additional treatments included a combination of R expansum with the yeast Metschnikowia pulcherrima at similar to 1.2 x 10(7) CFU/ml, and in 2003 a combination with 2% sodium bicarbonate (SB) or a mixture of the yeast and SB. After 3 months of storage at similar to 2 degrees C, at all P. expansum conidial concentrations, more than 90% of wounded fruit developed decay on 'Golden Delicious', 'Delicious', and 'Rome' apples in the 2000-02 experiments. In 2003, 66 and 33.1% of the wounded fruit developed decay on 'Delicious' and 'Golden Delicious', respectively. The application of the antagonist reduced decay to 39 and 3.3% on 'Golden Delicious' in 2000 and 2003, respectively, and to 26% on 'Delicious' in 2003. The addition of SB reduced decay on both cultivars and, in combination with the yeast, was the most effective treatment on 'Golden Delicious'. This portable drencher can be very useful for evaluating different treatments applied to apples after harvest at the commercial level. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. VPI&SU, Winchester, Hants, England. RP Janisiewicz, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM wjanisie@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 89 IS 5 BP 487 EP 490 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0487 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 919BP UT WOS:000228593600009 ER PT J AU Gent, DH Lang, JM Bartolo, ME Schwartz, HR AF Gent, DH Lang, JM Bartolo, ME Schwartz, HR TI Inoculum sources and survival of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii in Colorado SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Allium cepa ID PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; COPPER RESISTANCE; BACTERIAL-BLIGHT; LEAF-BLIGHT; CAMPESTRIS; ONION; PHASEOLI; VESICATORIA; PLASMID; DEBRIS AB Xanthomonas leaf blight, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii, is an emerging disease of onion in the western United States and worldwide, but few management strategies have been developed because little is known about disease epidemiology and pathogen survival. Therefore, we sought to identify and quantify primary inoculum sources of the pathogen in Colorado. Growth chamber and field studies evaluated survival and dissemination of X. axonopodis pv. allii in association with weed, alternate host, and volunteer onion plants, irrigation water, and crop debris. Epiphytic X. axonopodis pv. allii was recovered from the foliage of nine asymptomatic weed species and Medicago sativa, but the bacterium was not recovered from plants in locations where an epidemic of Xanthomonas leaf blight did not occur the prior year. The bacterium also was isolated from volunteer onion with characteristic Xanthomonas leaf blight symptoms. A rifampicin mutant of X. axonopodis pv. allii strain O177 was recovered consistently from the irrigation tail water of onion fields inoculated with the bacterium; populations as large as 3.02 x 10(4) CFU/mI were recovered. X. axonopodis pv. allii was recovered from infested onion leaves 9 months after they were placed on the soil surface or buried to a depth of 25 cm, but culturable populations of the pathogen decreased 10(4) to 10(6) more in buried leaves. Cultural practices that avoid or eliminate X. axonopodis pv. allii inoculum sources should reduce Xanthomonas leaf blight losses to onion. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Schwartz, HR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM howard.schwartz@colostate.edu NR 27 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 89 IS 5 BP 507 EP 514 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0507 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 919BP UT WOS:000228593600013 ER PT J AU Adkins, S Baker, CA AF Adkins, S Baker, CA TI Tomato spotted wilt virus identified in desert rose in Florida SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. RP Adkins, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 89 IS 5 BP 526 EP 526 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0526C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 919BP UT WOS:000228593600018 ER PT J AU Church, GT Rosskopf, EN AF Church, GT Rosskopf, EN TI First report of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne arenaria on tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum) in Florida SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Church, GT (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 89 IS 5 BP 527 EP 527 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0527C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 919BP UT WOS:000228593600021 ER PT J AU Church, GT AF Church, GT TI First report of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne floridensis on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) in Florida SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Church, GT (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 89 IS 5 BP 527 EP 527 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0527B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 919BP UT WOS:000228593600020 ER PT J AU Chen, YK Yang, CC Hsu, HT AF Chen, YK Yang, CC Hsu, HT TI Allamanda mosaic caused by Cucumber mosaic virus in Taiwan SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, YK (reprint author), Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 89 IS 5 BP 529 EP 529 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0529B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 919BP UT WOS:000228593600026 ER PT J AU Liu, Q Sun, Q Wu, T Davis, RE Zhao, Y AF Liu, Q Sun, Q Wu, T Davis, RE Zhao, Y TI First report of witches'-broom disease of chinese wingnut in China and its association with a phytoplasma of aster yellows group (16SrI) SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Shandong Inst Pomol, Tai An, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Liu, Q (reprint author), Shandong Inst Pomol, Tai An, Peoples R China. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 89 IS 5 BP 529 EP 529 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0529C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 919BP UT WOS:000228593600027 ER PT J AU Hu, GS deHart, AKA Li, YS Ustach, C Handley, V Navarre, R Hwang, CF Aegerter, BJ Williamson, VM Baker, B AF Hu, GS deHart, AKA Li, YS Ustach, C Handley, V Navarre, R Hwang, CF Aegerter, BJ Williamson, VM Baker, B TI EDS1 in tomato is required for resistance mediated by TIR-class R genes and the receptor-like R gene Ve SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE disease resistance; EDS1; tobacco mosaic virus; enhanced susceptibility; salicylic acid ID TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; PLANT-DISEASE RESISTANCE; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; SALICYLIC-ACID; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DEFENSE RESPONSES; ESSENTIAL COMPONENT; MILDEW RESISTANCE; FUNGAL PATHOGEN AB In tobacco and other Solanaceae species, the tobacco N gene confers resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and leads to induction of standard defense and resistance responses. Here, we report the use of N-transgenic tomato to identify a fast-neutron mutant, sun1-1 (suppressor of N), that is defective in N-mediated resistance. Induction of salicylic acid (SA) and expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, each signatures of systemic acquired resistance, are both dramatically suppressed in sun1-1 plants after TMV treatment compared to wild-type plants. Application of exogenous SA restores PR gene expression, indicating that SUN1 acts upstream of SA. Upon challenge with additional pathogens, we found that the sun1-1 mutation impairs resistance mediated by certain resistance (R) genes, (Bs4, I, and Ve), but not others (Mi-1). In addition, sun1-1 plants exhibit enhanced susceptibility to TMV, as well as to virulent pathogens. sun1-1 has been identified as an EDS1 homolog present on chromosome 6 of tomato. The discovery of enhanced susceptibility in the sun1-1 (Le_eds1-1) mutant plant, which contrasts to reports in Nicotiana benthamiana using virus-induced gene silencing, provides evidence that the intersection of R gene-mediated pathways with general resistance pathways is conserved in a Solanaceous species. In tomato, EDS1 is important for mediating resistance to a broad range of pathogens (viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens), yet shows specificity in the class of R genes that it affects (TIR-NBS-LRR as opposed to CC-NBS-LRR). In addition, a requirement for EDS1 for Ve-mediated resistance in tomato exposes that the receptor-like R gene class may also require EDS1. C1 USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nematol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Baker, B (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bbaker@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Baker, Barbara/L-7198-2016 OI Baker, Barbara/0000-0002-1276-971X NR 50 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 23 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3 BP 376 EP 391 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2005.02380.x PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 917SC UT WOS:000228488500008 PM 15842623 ER PT J AU Kaothien, P Ok, SH Shuai, B Wengier, D Cotter, R Kelley, D Kiriakopolos, S Muschietti, J McCormick, S AF Kaothien, P Ok, SH Shuai, B Wengier, D Cotter, R Kelley, D Kiriakopolos, S Muschietti, J McCormick, S TI Kinase partner protein interacts with the LePRK1 and LePRK2 receptor kinases and plays a role in polarized pollen tube growth SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE actin; cytoplasmic streaming; signaling; tomato; vacuole; yeast two-hybrid ID ACTIN-DEPOLYMERIZING FACTOR; TIP GROWTH; UBIQUITIN/PROTEASOME PATHWAY; REPEAT PROTEIN; IN-VITRO; MECHANISMS; DOMAIN; YEAST; ORGANIZATION; BINDING AB The pollen-specific receptor kinases LePRK1 and LePRK2 have localization and expression profiles that strongly suggest they play roles in pollen germination and tube growth. To identify downstream components of LePRK signaling, we used their cytoplasmic domains (CDs) as baits in yeast two-hybrid screens of a tomato pollen cDNA library. A pollen-specific protein we named kinase partner protein (KPP) interacted with the CDs of both LePRK1 and LePRK2 in yeast and in an in vitro pull-down assay, and with LePRK2 in a co-immunoprecipitation assay. KPP is a peripheral membrane protein and is phosphorylated in pollen. Pollen tubes over-expressing KPP developed balloon-like tips with abnormal cytoplasmic streaming and F-actin arrangements and plants over-expressing KPP exhibited impaired transmission of the transgene through the male. KPP-like genes are found only in plants; the 14 family members in Arabidopsis thaliana exhibit diverse expression patterns and potentially play roles in signaling pathways in other tissues. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Ingn Genet & Biol Mol, Dept Fisiol Biol Mol & Celular, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP McCormick, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM sheilamc@nature.berkeley.edu OI Muschietti, Jorge/0000-0002-5719-4833; McCormick, Sheila/0000-0001-9106-9385 NR 49 TC 102 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 42 IS 4 BP 492 EP 503 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2005.02388.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 921EC UT WOS:000228746000004 PM 15860008 ER PT J AU Lawrence, CJ Seigfried, TE Brendel, V AF Lawrence, CJ Seigfried, TE Brendel, V TI The maize genetics and genomics database. The community resource for access to diverse maize data SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOCUS AB The Maize Genetics and Genomics Database ( MaizeGDB) serves the maize ( Zea mays) research community by making a wealth of genetics and genomics data available through an intuitive Web- based interface. The goals of the MaizeGDB project are 3- fold: to provide a central repository for public maize information; to present the data through the MaizeGDB Web site in a way that recapitulates biological relationships; and to provide an array of computational tools that address biological questions in an easy- to- use manner at the site. In addition to these primary tasks, MaizeGDB team members also serve the community of maize geneticists by lending technical support for community activities, including the annual Maize Genetics Conference and various workshops, teaching researchers to use both the MaizeGDB Web site and Community Curation Tools, and engaging in collaboration with individual research groups to make their unique data types available through MaizeGDB. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Dept Agr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Brendel, V (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM vbrendel@iastate.edu RI Lawrence, Carolyn/N-3367-2014 OI Lawrence, Carolyn/0000-0003-0069-1430 NR 11 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 138 IS 1 BP 55 EP 58 DI 10.1104/pp.104.059196 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 925AE UT WOS:000229023100007 PM 15888678 ER PT J AU Underwood, BA Tieman, DM Shibuya, K Dexter, RJ Loucas, HM Simkin, AJ Sims, CA Schmelz, EA Klee, HJ Clark, DG AF Underwood, BA Tieman, DM Shibuya, K Dexter, RJ Loucas, HM Simkin, AJ Sims, CA Schmelz, EA Klee, HJ Clark, DG TI Ethylene-regulated floral volatile synthesis in petunia corollas SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA; FLOWERS; POLLINATION; EMISSION; PLANTS; SCENT; GENE; BIOSYNTHESIS; SNAPDRAGON; EXPRESSION AB In many flowering plants, such as petunia ( Petunia 3 hybrida), ethylene produced in floral organs after pollination elicits a series of physiological and biochemical events, ultimately leading to senescence of petals and successful fertilization. Here, we demonstrate, using transgenic ethylene insensitive ( 44568) and Mitchell Diploid petunias, that multiple components of emission of volatile organic compounds ( VOCs) are regulated by ethylene. Expression of benzoic acid/ salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase ( PhBSMT1 and 2) mRNA is temporally and spatially down- regulated in floral organs in a manner consistent with current models for postpollination ethylene synthesis in petunia corollas. Emission of methylbenzoate and other VOCs after pollination and exogenous ethylene treatment parallels a reduction in PhBSMT1 and 2mRNAlevels. Under cyclic light conditions ( day/ night), PhBSMT mRNA levels are rhythmic and precede emission of methylbenzoate by approximately 6 h. When shifted into constant dark or light conditions, PhBSMT mRNA levels and subsequent methylbenzoate emission correspondingly decrease or increase to minimum or maximum levels observed during normal conditions, thus suggesting that light may be a more critical influence on cyclic emission of methylbenzoate than a circadian clock. Transgenic PhBSMT RNAi flowers with reduced PhBSMT mRNA levels show a 75% to 99% decrease in methylbenzoate emission, with minimal changes in other petunia VOCs. These results implicate PhBSMT1 and 2 as genes responsible for synthesis of methylbenzoate in petunia. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Clark, DG (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM geranium@ufl.edu RI Klee, Harry/A-7912-2008; OI Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X NR 37 TC 72 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 138 IS 1 BP 255 EP 266 DI 10.1104/pp.104.051144 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 925AE UT WOS:000229023100026 PM 15849311 ER PT J AU Barry, CS McQuinn, RP Thompson, AJ Seymour, GB Grierson, D Giovannoni, JJ AF Barry, CS McQuinn, RP Thompson, AJ Seymour, GB Grierson, D Giovannoni, JJ TI Ethylene insensitivity conferred by the Green-ripe and Never-ripe 2 ripening mutants of tomato SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2A; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; NEVER-RIPE; REGULATORY SUBUNIT; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; FRUIT-DEVELOPMENT; RESPONSE PATHWAY; MULTIGENE FAMILY; AUXIN TRANSPORT AB The ripening of a fleshy fruit represents the summation of an array of biochemical processes that are regulated by interactions between developmental programs and environmental inputs. Analysis of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) mutants and inhibitor studies indicate that ethylene is necessary for full development of the ripening program of climacteric fruit such as tomato, yet ethylene alone is not sufficient. This suggests that an interaction between ethylene and nonethylene ( or developmental) pathways mediates ripening. In this study, we have examined the physiological basis for ripening inhibition of the dominant Green- ripe ( Gr) and Never- ripe 2 ( Nr- 2) mutants of tomato. Our data suggest that this inhibition is due to ethylene insensitivity in mutant fruit. Further investigation of ethylene responses in Gr and Nr- 2 plants also revealed weak ethylene insensitivity during floral senescence and abscission and, during inhibition of root elongation, a phenotype associated with the triple response. However, ethylene- induced inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and petiole epinasty are normal in Gr and Nr- 2, suggesting that these loci regulate a subset of ethylene responses. We have mapped both dominant mutations to a 2- cM overlapping region of the long arm of chromosome 1 of tomato, a region not previously linked to any known ethylene signaling loci. The phenotypic similarity and overlapping map location of these mutations suggest Gr and Nr- 2 may be allelic and may possibly encode a novel component of the ethylene response pathway. C1 Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Warwick, Warwick Hort Res Int, Warwick CV35 9EF, England. Univ Nottingham, Plant Sci Div, Sch Biosci, Loughborough LE12 5RD, Leics, England. RP Giovannoni, JJ (reprint author), Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jjg33@cornell.edu RI Barry, Cornelius/D-7759-2012; Seymour, Graham/N-4539-2014; OI Seymour, Graham/0000-0001-8365-4947; Barry, Cornelius/0000-0003-4685-0273; Thompson, Andrew/0000-0002-7419-3402 NR 47 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 138 IS 1 BP 267 EP 275 DI 10.1104/pp.104.057745 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 925AE UT WOS:000229023100027 PM 15834010 ER PT J AU Griffith, M Lumb, C Wiseman, SB Wisniewski, M Johnson, RW Marangoni, AG AF Griffith, M Lumb, C Wiseman, SB Wisniewski, M Johnson, RW Marangoni, AG TI Antifreeze proteins modify the freezing process in planta SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WINTER RYE LEAVES; INFRARED VIDEO THERMOGRAPHY; CREAM MODEL SYSTEMS; ICE RECRYSTALLIZATION; THYLAKOID MEMBRANES; COLD-ACCLIMATION; IMMUNOLOCALIZATION; PURIFICATION; TOLERANCE; MECHANISM AB During cold acclimation, winter rye ( Secale cereale L. cv Musketeer) plants accumulate antifreeze proteins (AFPs) in the apoplast of leaves and crowns. The goal of this study was to determine whether these AFPs influence survival at subzero temperatures by modifying the freezing process or by acting as cryoprotectants. In order to inhibit the growth of ice, AFPs must be mobile so that they can bind to specific sites on the ice crystal lattice. Guttate obtained from cold-acclimated winter rye leaves exhibited antifreeze activity, indicating that the AFPs are free in solution. Infrared video thermography was used to observe freezing in winter rye leaves. In the absence of an ice nucleator, AFPs had no effect on the supercooling temperature of the leaves. However, in the presence of an ice nucleator, AFPs lowered the temperature at which the leaves froze by 0.3 degrees C to 1.2 degrees C. In vitro studies showed that apoplastic proteins extracted from cold-acclimated winter rye leaves inhibited the recrystallization of ice and also slowed the rate of migration of ice through solution-saturated filter paper. When we examined the possible role of winter rye AFPs in cryoprotection, we found that lactate dehydrogenase activity was higher after freezing in the presence of AFPs compared with buffer, but the same effect was obtained by adding bovine serum albumin. AFPs had no effect on unstacked thylakoid volume after freezing, but did inhibit stacking of the thylakoids, thus indicating a loss of thylakoid function. We conclude that rye AFPs have no specific cryoprotective activity; rather, they interact directly with ice in planta and reduce freezing injury by slowing the growth and recrystallization of ice. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Food Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Univ Guelph, Dept Food Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM amarango@uoguelph.ca OI Wiseman, Steve/0000-0002-8215-2272 NR 54 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 138 IS 1 BP 330 EP 340 DI 10.1104/pp.104.058628 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 925AE UT WOS:000229023100033 PM 15805474 ER PT J AU Salzman, RA Brady, JA Finlayson, SA Buchanan, CD Summer, EJ Sun, F Klein, PE Klein, RR Pratt, LH Cordonnier-Pratt, MM Mullet, JE AF Salzman, RA Brady, JA Finlayson, SA Buchanan, CD Summer, EJ Sun, F Klein, PE Klein, RR Pratt, LH Cordonnier-Pratt, MM Mullet, JE TI Transcriptional profiling of sorghum induced by methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, and aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid reveals cooperative regulation and novel gene responses SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; ALLENE OXIDE SYNTHASE; MEDIATED DISEASE RESISTANCE; DEPENDENT DEFENSE PATHWAYS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; PLANT DEFENSE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; PATHOGEN DEFENSE AB We have conducted a large-scale study of gene expression in the C4 monocot sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) L. Moench cv BTx623 in response to the signaling compounds salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and the ethylene precursor aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid. Expression profiles were generated from seedling root and shoot tissue at 3 and 27 h, using a microarray containing 12,982 nonredundant elements. Data from 102 slides and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR data on mRNA abundance from 171 genes were collected and analyzed and are here made publicly available. Numerous gene clusters were identified in which expression was correlated with particular signaling compound and tissue combinations. Many genes previously implicated in defense responded to the treatments, including numerous pathogenesis-related genes and most members of the phenylpropanoid pathway, and several other genes that may represent novel activities or pathways. Genes of the octadecanoic acid pathway of jasmonic acid (JA) synthesis were induced by SA as well as by MeJA. The resulting hypothesis that increased SA could lead to increased endogenous JA production was confirmed by measurement of JA content. Comparison of responses to SA, MeJA, and combined SA+MeJA revealed patterns of one-way and mutual antagonisms, as well as synergistic effects on regulation of some genes. These experiments thus help further define the transcriptional results of cross talk between the SA and JA pathways and suggest that a subset of genes coregulated by SA and JA may comprise a uniquely evolved sector of plant signaling responsive cascades. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Genet Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Mullet, JE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jmullet@tamu.edu OI Finlayson, Scott/0000-0002-5084-360X NR 66 TC 106 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 138 IS 1 BP 352 EP 368 DI 10.1104/pp.104.058206 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 925AE UT WOS:000229023100035 PM 15863699 ER PT J AU Lyi, SM Heller, LI Rutzke, M Welch, RM Kochian, LV Li, L AF Lyi, SM Heller, LI Rutzke, M Welch, RM Kochian, LV Li, L TI Molecular and biochemical characterization of the selenocysteine Se-methyltransferase gene and Se-methylselenocysteine synthesis in broccoli SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SELENIUM BROCCOLI; CANCER PREVENTION; INDIAN MUSTARD; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; CHEMOPREVENTIVE AGENTS; THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CHEMICAL FORM; HIGHER-PLANTS; TOLERANCE AB Selenium (Se) plays an indispensable role in human nutrition and has been implicated to have important health benefits, including being a cancer preventative agent. While different forms of Se vary in their anticarcinogenic efficacy, Se-methylselenocysteine (SeMSC) has been demonstrated to be one of the most effective chemopreventative compounds. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is known for its ability to accumulate high levels of Se with the majority of the selenoamino acids in the form of Semethylselenocysteine. Therefore, it serves as a good model to study the regulation of SeMSC accumulation in plants. A cDNA encoding selenocysteine Se-methyltransferase, the key enzyme responsible for SeMSC formation, was cloned from broccoli using a homocysteine S-methyltransferase gene probe from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). This clone, designated as BoSMT, was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli, and its identity was confirmed by its substrate specificity in the methylation of selenocysteine. The BoSMT gene represents a single copy sequence in the broccoli genome. Examination of BoSMT gene expression and SeMSC accumulation in response to selenate, selenite, and sulfate treatments showed that the BoSMT transcript and SeMSC synthesis were significantly up-regulated in plants exposed to selenate but were low in plants supplied with selenite. Simultaneous treatment of selenate with selenite significantly reduced SeMSC production. In addition, high levels of sulfate suppressed selenate uptake, resulting in a dramatic reduction of BoSMT mRNA level and SeMSC accumulation. Our results reveal that SeMSC accumulation closely correlated with the BoSMT gene expression and the total Se status in tissues and provide important information for maximizing the SeMSC production in this beneficial vegetable plant. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ll37@cornell.edu OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 57 TC 59 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 138 IS 1 BP 409 EP 420 DI 10.1104/pp.104.056549 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 925AE UT WOS:000229023100040 PM 15863700 ER PT J AU Bailey, BA Strem, MD Bae, HH de Mayolo, GA Guiltinan, MJ AF Bailey, BA Strem, MD Bae, HH de Mayolo, GA Guiltinan, MJ TI Gene expression in leaves of Theobroma cacao in response to mechanical wounding, ethylene, and/or methyl jasmonate SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Theobroma cacao; methyl jasmonate; ethylene; wounding; induced resistance ID INDUCED SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; CHLOROPHYLL BREAKDOWN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; NICOTIANA-ATTENUATA; CAFFEINE SYNTHASE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ARABIDOPSIS; PLANTS; CHITINASE; DEFENSE AB Yield of Theobroma cacao (cacao), the source of chocolate, is limited by disease and insect pests. Developmental stage influences the resistance of cacao leaves to disease and insect pests. Mechanical wounding, ethylene, and methyl jasmonate induce resistance to pests in many plant species. The effects of mechanical wounding, ethylene, and methyl jasmonate on gene expression was studied in cacao leaves at two developmental stages, young red (YR) and mature green (MG). Differential expression was observed for genes putatively encoding a DNA binding protein (TcWRKY-1), a protein regulating cell division (TcORFX-1), a Type III peroxidase (TcPer-1), an endo-1,4-beta-glucanase (TcGlu-1), a class VII chitinase (TcChiB), a caffeine synthase (TcCaf-1), and a light-harvesting complex protein (TcLhca-1). Wounding induced TcWRKY-1 and TcORFX-1 in YR and MG leaves. Elevated TcPer-1 mRNA levels were detected in YR and MG leaves after wounding. Wounding induced TcChiB in YR leaves and repressed TcLhca-1 in MG leaves. Ethylene (12 mu L L-1) induced TcPer-1 in YR and MG leaves but induced TcGlu-1 in MG leaves only. Ethylene repressed TcLhca-1 and TcCaf-1 in YR leaves. Ethylene repressed TcLhca-1 and TcChiB in MG leaves. Methyl jasmonate (0.2 mM) induced TcCaf-1 and TcChiB in YR leaves and TcPer-1 and TcChiB in MG leaves. Ethylene/methyl jasmonate combined induced TcChiB in YR leaves and TcGlu-1 in MG leaves. 1-Methylcyclopropene, an inhibitor of ethylene action, blocked ethylene induced responses but did not block responses to wounding or methyl jasmonate. The cacao response to wounding, ethylene, and/or methyl jasmonate was influenced by developmental stage. Cross-talk between ethylene and methyl jasmonate action on cacao gene expression resulted in synergistic and antagonistic responses. It is critical to account for tissue developmental stage when studying the molecular responses of cacao to mechanical wounding, ethylene, and methyljasmonate. The constituative and inducible defense strategies used by cacao are dependent on the developmental stage of the tissues involved. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn State Univ, Wartik Lab 306, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Bailey, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM baileyb@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 63 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 168 IS 5 BP 1247 EP 1258 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2005.01.002 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 918FW UT WOS:000228528700012 ER PT J AU Bae, H Herman, E Sicher, R AF Bae, H Herman, E Sicher, R TI Exogenous trehalose promotes non-structural carbohydrate accumulation and induces chemical detoxification and stress response proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana grown in liquid culture SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE proteomics; plant stress; non-structural carbohydrates; sugar signaling; gene expression ID ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; DISULFIDE-ISOMERASE; CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; RUBISCO ACTIVASE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PLANTS; GENE; TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE AB Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide that functions as a storage carbohydrate and osmoprotectant in yeast, fungi and certain insects. Endogenous trehalose also is present in trace amounts in flowering plants and metabolites derived from trehalose were necessary for embryo development. In contrast to its role in endogenous metabolism, exogenous trehalose is toxic to higher plants as evidenced by a severe inhibition of root and cotyledon growth. In the current study, 30 mM trehalose or sterile water was added to 2-week-old liquid cultures containing Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Henyh seedlings. After 12 h of exogenous trehalose treatment sucrose and trehalose were increased 3.2 and 145-fold, respectively, compared to the controls. These were the only metabolites measured in this study that responded to trehalose treatment at this time point. Starch was increased and ATP levels were decreased in Arabidopsis samples after I day of treatment with 30 mM trehalose. Conversely, glutamate, glutamine, hexoses and chlorophyll were unaffected by trehalose treatment. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that for whole Arabidopsis seedlings, nine proteins were altered by 12 h of trehalose treatment relative to the controls. Seven of the nine polypeptides were successfully identified by sequence analysis. Four of the identified proteins induced by trehalose treatment, Phi glutathione S-transferase 2 (AtGSTF2), flavin mononucleotide-binding flavodoxin-like quinone reductase 1 (FQR 1), cytosolic dehydroascorbate reductase I (DHAR1) and S-adenosylmethionine synthetase 2 (SAMS2), were involved in either detoxification or stress responses. The above results indicated that feeding exogenous trehalose to liquid cultures of Arabidopsis seedlings rapidly altered disaccharide levels and induced detoxification and stress response proteins. These findings supported the suggestion that exogenous trehalose functioned as an elicitor of genes involved in biotic and abiotic stress. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. RP Sicher, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Room 342,Bldg 001,BARC W 10300, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sicherr@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 168 IS 5 BP 1293 EP 1301 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2005.01.006 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 918FW UT WOS:000228528700016 ER PT J AU Alvarez, I Cronn, R Wendel, JF AF Alvarez, I Cronn, R Wendel, JF TI Phylogeny of the New World diploid cottons (Gossypium L., Malvaceae) based on sequences of three low-copy nuclear genes SO PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Gossypium; Houzingenia; cotton; phylogeny; low-copy nuclear genes; alcohol dehydrogenase; cellulose synthase ID MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; CONCERTED EVOLUTION; GENUS GOSSYPIUM; RIBOSOMAL DNA; ADH SEQUENCES; RECONSTRUCTION; CONGRUENCE; POLYPLOIDY; SPECIATION; GENOMES AB American diploid cottons (Gossypium L., subgenus Houzingenia Fryxell) form a monophyletic group of 13 species distributed mainly in western Mexico, extending into Arizona, Baja California, and with one disjunct species each in the Galapagos Islands and Peru. Prior phylogenetic analyses based on an alcohol dehydrogenase gene (AdhA) and nuclear ribosomal DNA indicated the need for additional data from other molecular markers to resolve phylogenetic relationships within this subgenus. Toward this end, we sequenced three nuclear genes, the anonymous locus A1341, an alcohol dehydrogenase gene (AdhC), and a cellulose synthase gene (CesA1b). Independent and combined analyses resolved clades that are congruent with current taxonomy and previous phylogenies. Our analyses diagnose at least two long distance dispersal events from the Mexican mainland to Baja California, following a rapid radiation of the primary lineages early in the diversification of the subgenus. Molecular data support the proposed recognition of a new species closely related to Gossypium laxum that was recently collected in Mexico. C1 CSIC, Real Jardin Bot Madrid, E-28014 Madrid, Spain. Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Alvarez, I (reprint author), CSIC, Real Jardin Bot Madrid, Plaza Murillo 2, E-28014 Madrid, Spain. EM ines@ma-rjb.csic.es; rcronn@fs.fed.us; jfw@iastate.edu OI Cronn, Richard/0000-0001-5342-3494 NR 40 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0378-2697 J9 PLANT SYST EVOL JI Plant Syst. Evol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 252 IS 3-4 BP 199 EP 214 DI 10.1007/s00606-004-0294-0 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 932UJ UT WOS:000229578700006 ER PT J AU Abebe, T Skadsen, RW Kaeppler, HF AF Abebe, T Skadsen, RW Kaeppler, HF TI A proximal upstream sequence controls tissue-specific expression of Lem2, a salicylate-inducible barley lectin-like gene SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE barley; coleoptile; Lem2; lemma; palea; SA-inducible gene ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; JACALIN-RELATED LECTINS; MANNOSE-BINDING LECTIN; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; JASMONIC ACID; DISEASE RESISTANCE; DEFENSE RESPONSES; 2,6-DICHLOROISONICOTINIC ACID; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA AB The lemma and palea (lemma/palea), which form the husk of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) seeds, constitutively express high levels of defense-related genes, relative to leaves [ Abebe et al. ( 2004) Crop Sci 44: 942 - 950]. One of these genes, Lem2, is expressed mainly in the lemma/palea and coleoptile and is strongly upregulated by salicylic acid ( SA) and its functional analog 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid. Induction by SA was rapid, occurring within 4 h of treatment. However, Lem2 is not responsive to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) or wounding and is downregulated by drought, dehydration, and abscisic acid. These results suggest that Lem2 is involved in systemic acquired resistance. Sequence analysis showed that LEM2 is a jacalin-related lectin (JRL)-like protein with two domains. Consistent with northern and western blot data, transient expression analyses using Lem2:: gfp constructs showed strong expression in lemmas and a trace expression in leaves. Successive 5' deletions of the 1,414 bp upstream region gradually weakened promoter strength, as measured by real-time PCR. Promoter deletion studies also revealed that the - 75/+ 70 region ( containing the TATA box, 5' UTR, and a SA-response element) determines tissue specificity and that the distal promoter region simply enhances expression. Southern analysis indicated that Morex barley has at least three copies of the Lem2 gene arranged in tandem on chromosome 5(1H) Bin 02, near the short arm telomere. Lem2 is not present in the barley cultivars Steptoe, Harrington, Golden Promise, and Q21861. C1 ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Skadsen, RW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, 501 Walnut St, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM rskadsen@wisc.edu NR 70 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 221 IS 2 BP 170 EP 183 DI 10.1007/s00425-004-1429-9 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 923OR UT WOS:000228919700002 PM 15605240 ER PT J AU Fan, XT Sokorai, KJB AF Fan, XT Sokorai, KJB TI Assessment of radiation sensitivity of fresh-cut vegetables using electrolyte leakage measurement SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE irradiation; electrolyte leakage; fresh-cut vegetables; radiation sensitivity; antioxidants ID GAMMA-IRRADIATION; ICEBERG LETTUCE; QUALITY; FRUIT; WATER; ANTIOXIDANTS; OXIDATION; STRESS; TISSUE AB A study was carried out to assess the use of electrolyte leakage measurement to evaluate radiation sensitivity of 13 freshcut vegetables, and correlated radiation sensitivity with endogenous antioxidant capacity. Fresh-cut vegetables were gamma irradiated at doses up to 3 kGy at 0.5 kGy intervals. Electrolyte leakage of the samples was measured following irradiation. Electrolyte leakage increased linearly with higher radiation dose for all vegetables. The radiation sensitivity, judged from the rates of the increase in electrolyte leakage as a function of radiation doses and from the doses that increased electrolyte leakage by 50% over the non-irradiated controls varied among vegetables. Red cabbage, broccoli and endive had the highest radiation resistance while celery, carrot and green onion were the most sensitive to radiation. The radiation sensitivity was not necessarily correlated with endogenous antioxidant capacity or phenolics content of the vegetables, which showed large variation among the test samples. Electrolyte leakage may be a useful tool to predict a given product's ability to tolerate irradiation. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xfan@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 36 IS 2 BP 191 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2004.12.004 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 926OT UT WOS:000229133200008 ER PT J AU Li, H Deeb, N Zhou, H Ashwell, CM Lamont, SJ AF Li, H Deeb, N Zhou, H Ashwell, CM Lamont, SJ TI Chicken quantitative trait loci for growth and body composition associated with the very low density apolipoprotein-II gene SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE very low density apolipoprotein-II gene; body composition; chicken; growth; quantitative trait loci ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; ESTROGEN-RESPONSIVE CHICKEN; AVIAN LIVER; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; ROOSTER LIVER; 1ST INTRON; VITELLOGENIN; LIPOPROTEINS; PROMOTER AB Very low density apolipoprotein-II (apoVLDL-II) is a major constituent of very low density lipoprotein and is involved in lipid transportation in chickens. The current study was designed to investigate the associations of an apoVLDL-II gene polymorphism on chicken growth and body composition traits. The Iowa Growth and Composition Resource Population was established by crossing broiler sires with dams from 2 unrelated highly inbred lines (Leghorn and Fayoumi). The F-1 birds were intercrossed, within dam line, to produce 2 related F-2 populations. Body weight and body composition traits were measured in the F-2 population. Primers for the 5 '-flanking region in apoVLDL-II were designed from database chicken genomic sequence. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) between parental lines were detected by DNA sequencing, and PCR-RFLP methods were then developed to genotype SNP in the F-2 population. There was no polymorphism in the 492 by sequenced between broiler and Leghorn. The apoVLDL-II polymorphism between broiler and Fayoumi was associated with multiple traits of growth and body composition in the 148 male F-2 individuals, including BW, breast muscle weight, drumstick weight, and tibia length. This research suggests that apoVLDL-II or a tightly linked gene has broad effects on growth and development in the chicken. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NE Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Harbin 150030, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lamont, SJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sjlamont@iastate.edu NR 40 TC 14 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 84 IS 5 BP 697 EP 703 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 917XG UT WOS:000228502000003 PM 15913180 ER PT J AU Cisar, CR Balog, JM Anthony, NB Donoghue, AM AF Cisar, CR Balog, JM Anthony, NB Donoghue, AM TI Differential expression of cardiac muscle mitochondrial matrix proteins in broilers from ascites-resistant and susceptible lines SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ascites syndrome; cardiac muscle; mitochondria; proteome; pulmonary hypertension syndrome ID PULMONARY-HYPERTENSION-SYNDROME; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT CHAIN; ARTERY OCCLUSION; DYSFUNCTION; RESPIRATION; CHICKENS; HYPOXIA; PROGENY; STRESS AB Ascites is a metabolic disorder of modern broilers that is distinguished by cardiopulmonary insufficiency in the face of intense oxygen demands of rapidly growing tissues. Broilers with ascites exhibit sustained elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy, the end result of which is heart failure. It has been shown that mitochondrial function is impaired in broilers with ascites. In the current study, mitochondrial matrix protein levels were compared between ascites-resistant line broilers and ascites-susceptible line broilers with and without ascites using two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis. One hundred seventy-two protein spots were detected on the gels, and 9 of the spots were present at different levels in the 4 groups of broilers. These 9 protein spots were selected for identification by mass spectrometry. Two of the spots were found to contain single mitochondrial matrix proteins. Both mitochondria) matrix proteins, the dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase component of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex and the a-subunit of mitochondrial trifunctional enzyme, were present at higher levels in ascites-resistant line broilers with ascites in the present study. The elevated levels of 2 key proteins in aerobic metabolism in ascites-resistant line broilers with ascites observed in the present study suggests that the mitochondria of broilers with this disease may respond inappropriately to hypoxia. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NE State Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Tahlequah, OK 74464 USA. Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Donoghue, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM donoghue@uark.edu NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 84 IS 5 BP 704 EP 708 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 917XG UT WOS:000228502000004 PM 15913181 ER PT J AU Huff, GR Huff, WE Balog, JM Rath, NC Anthony, NB Nestor, KE AF Huff, GR Huff, WE Balog, JM Rath, NC Anthony, NB Nestor, KE TI Stress response differences and disease susceptibility reflected by heterophil to lymphocyte ratio in turkeys selected for increased body weight SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE turkey; transport stress; dexamethasone; genetics; Escherichia coli ID RANDOM-BRED CONTROL; PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA VACCINES; FED REPRESENTATIVE 1957; LONG-TERM SELECTION; 2001 BROILER DIETS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENETIC-VARIATION; SHEEP ERYTHROCYTES; CONTROL POPULATION AB Three genetic lines of turkeys were compared for their responses to Escherichia coli challenge following dexamethasone injection (Dex) or E. coli challenge preceding transport stress (TS). The turkey lines were a slow growing line selected for increased egg production (Egg line), a fast growing line selected for increased 16-wk BW (F line), and a commercial line (Comm line). At 14 wk of age, the Dex group was treated with 3 injections of 2 mg of Dex/kg of BW followed by airsac challenge with 100 cfu of E. coli. The TS group was given the same E. coli challenge at 1 x 10(4) cfu/bird without Dex treatment, and was subjected to transport stress, including 12 h of holding time in a transport vehicle, 8 d after the challenge. All treated birds and untreated control birds were bled at the same time, which was 1 d after transport and 9 d after challenge with E. coli. The main effect mean (MEM) total leukocyte counts (WBC) and the percentages of eosinophils (Eos) and basophils (Baso) were the same for all 3 lines; however, the MEM percentages of heterophils (Het) and monocytes (Mono) and the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (H/L) were lower and the percentage of lymphocytes (Lym) was higher in the Egg line compared with the 2 fast-growing lines. Both stress treatments increased WBC, Het, and H/L and decreased Lym in all 3 lines; however, these effects were significantly greater in both fast growing lines compared with the Egg line. Sixteen-week BW was unaffected by either treatment in the Egg line and was decreased by both treatments in the Comm line and by the Dex treatment in the F line. Main effect mean airsacculitis score (AS) was not affected by line and was significantly increased by TS and Dex treatments. Neither treatment affected AS of the Egg line birds, whereas Dex treatment increased AS of the F line, and both Dex and TS increased AS of the Comm line. Mortality was significantly higher in the Comm line compared with the Egg line and was intermediate in the F line. The differences between these lines in their disease resistance and physiological response to stress in 2 stress models suggests that increasing selection for BW of turkeys is accompanied by changes in the stress response resulting in increased susceptibility to opportunistic bacterial infection. C1 USDA ARS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Huff, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM grhuff@uark.edu NR 78 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 7 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 84 IS 5 BP 709 EP 717 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 917XG UT WOS:000228502000005 PM 15913182 ER PT J AU Bianchi, M Fletcher, DL Smith, DP AF Bianchi, M Fletcher, DL Smith, DP TI Physical and functional properties of intact and ground pale broiler breast meat SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breast meat pH; broiler breast meat; functional property; pale breast meat ID EXUDATIVE PSE OCCURRENCE; COLOR VARIATION; TURKEY MEAT; SOFT; PH; QUALITY; MARINATION; THICKNESS; POULTRY; PLANT AB The functional and physical properties of intact and ground meat were determined during 4 replicate trials on a total of 180 pale [lightness (L*) > 53] and normal (46 < L* < 53) boneless, skinless breast fillets collected from 2 commercial processing plants. At 24 h postmortem, L*, redness (a*), yellowness (b*), and pH were determined on each fillet. The left fillet from each breast was ground and used to determine cook loss (CL) and Allo-Kramer (AK) shear on meat patties as well as moisture uptake (MU) and CL on meat slurries before and after adjustment to the normal meat pH of 5.9. The right fillet from each breast was kept intact and used to determine expressible moisture (EM), CL, and AK shear on the intact meat. Compared with normal fillets, pale fillets exhibited significantly higher L* values, lower ultimate pH (5.67 vs. 5.94), higher AK (3.5 vs. 2.9 kg/g), higher EM, lower MU, and higher CL measured on the intact fillets, ground meat patties, and meat slurries. Adjustment of the pH of the pale meat slurries to normal meat pH (5.9) resulted in a higher MU (11.05 vs. 3.69%), indicating a partial restoration of protein functionality. These results indicate that wide differences in raw broiler breast meat color, mainly due to differences in the muscle pH, are related to important variations in the water-holding and binding capacities of the meat. The effect of low meat pH can be partially ameliorated in ground meat by pH adjustment. C1 Univ Bologna, Dept Food Sci, I-47023 Cesena, Italy. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Fletcher, DL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM fletcher@uga.edu NR 31 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 84 IS 5 BP 803 EP 808 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 917XG UT WOS:000228502000017 PM 15913194 ER PT J AU Bates, JD AF Bates, JD TI Herbaceous response to cattle grazing following juniper cutting in Oregon SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bluebunch wheatgrass; Great Basin; Juniperus occidentalis; seed production; Stipa thurberiana; utilization ID WESTERN JUNIPER; AGROPYRON-SPICATUM; DEFOLIATION; WOODLANDS; CUT AB The rapid expansion of western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis spp. occidentalis Hook.) across the northern Great Basin has diminished shrub and understory plant composition and reduced forage production. juniper removal has accelerated during the past decade in Oregon and California to restore shrub-steppe plant communities. Livestock grazing can affect posttreatment successional dynamics, but these impacts have not received adequate study. This study evaluated herbaceous plant recovery in a cut western juniper woodland subjected to grazed and ungrazed prescriptions over 4 growing seasons. The study consisted of 4 treatments: ungrazed cut, grazed cut, ungrazed woodland, and grazed woodland. Stocking rates were 0.78 cow-calf pairs per ha for 5 days in the first year following treatment and 0.94 cow-calf pairs per ha for 4 days in the second year after treatment. The grazing portion of the study lacked true replication because grazed plots were not independent of each other (cattle had access to all plots simultaneously). This limits the strength and interpretation of the grazing results. juniper cutting removed overstory interference and resulted in significant increases in herbaceous cover, biomass, and seed production when compared to adjacent woodlands. Herbaceous cover, standing crop, perennial grass density, and seed production all increased in the ungrazed cut treatment compared to ungrazed woodland. A similar level of response was measured in the grazed pasture where herbaceous responses were greater in the grazed cut vs. the grazed woodland. Grazing in the cut treatment did not limit herbaceous recovery except that perennial grass seed production was lower in the grazed cut than in the ungrazed cut. Rest or deferment is required the first several growing seasons after juniper cutting to provide plants the opportunity to maximize seed crops. These results imply that juniper cutting had a greater effect on herbaceous dynamics than did the grazing application. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Bates, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM jon.bates@oregonstate.edu NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 58 IS 3 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2005)58[225:HRTCGF]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 929ET UT WOS:000229325600002 ER PT J AU Andales, AA Derner, JD Bartling, PNS Ahuja, LR Dunn, GH Hart, RH Hanson, JD AF Andales, AA Derner, JD Bartling, PNS Ahuja, LR Dunn, GH Hart, RH Hanson, JD TI Evaluation of GPFAR for simulation of forage production and cow-calf weights SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE central Great Plains; simulation model; northern mixed-grass prairie; shortgrass prairie; cow-calf production ID COLORADO SHORTGRASS STEPPE; EASTERN COLORADO; MODEL AB A modeling approach that assesses impacts of alternative management decisions prior to field implementation would reduce decision-making risk for rangeland and livestock production system managers. However, the accuracy and functionality of models should be verified before they are used as decision-making tools. The goal of this study was to evaluate the functionality of the Great Plains Framework for Agricultural Resource Management (GPFARM) model in simulating forage and cow-calf production in the central Great Plains. The forage production module was tested in shortgrass prairie using April-October monthly biomass values from 2000 through 2002 for warm-season grasses (WSG), cool-season grasses (CSG), shrubs, and forbs. The forage module displayed excellent (99% explained variance) agreement in the 2001 calibration year in tracking growth and senescence trends of WSG and CSG, which constitute the vast majority of the aboveground biomass. Less agreement (35%-39% explained variance) was observed for shrubs and forbs. The model-explained variances of biomass in 2000 and 2002 (verification years) were 80% for WSG, 67% for CSG, 78% for shrubs, and 82% for forbs. Further development is needed to improve predicted plant response to environmental stresses. The cow-calf production module was tested in northern mixed-grass prairie using June-November monthly average cow and calf weights from 1996 through 2001 for March-calving, moderately stocked Hereford pairs. Overall, GPFARM performed well and tracked cow (81% explained variance) and calf (94% explained variance) pre- and postweaning weights. The GPFARM model has functional utility for simulating forage and cow-calf production with satisfactory accuracy at semiarid-temperate sites, such as southeastern Wyoming and northeastern Colorado. Continued development will focus on improving plant response to environmental stresses and testing the model's functionality as a decision support tool for strategic and tactical ranch management. C1 USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. USDA, ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Andales, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 200, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM allan.andales@ars.usda.gov RI Andales, Allan/M-8328-2013 NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 58 IS 3 BP 247 EP 255 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2005)58[247:EOGFSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 929ET UT WOS:000229325600005 ER PT J AU Ungar, ED Henkin, Z Gutman, M Dolev, A Genizi, A Ganskopp, D AF Ungar, ED Henkin, Z Gutman, M Dolev, A Genizi, A Ganskopp, D TI Inference of animal activity from GPS collar data on free-ranging cattle SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE global positioning system; foraging behavior; grazing time; motion sensors; classification and regression trees ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; DIGITAL PEDOMETERS; BOREAL FOREST; HABITAT; SYSTEM; PERFORMANCE; TELEMETRY; BEHAVIOR; COMPONENTS; ACCURACY AB Global positioning systems (GPSs) enable continuous and automatic tracking of an animal's position. The value of such spatial-temporal information can be improved if the corresponding activity of the animal is known. We evaluated the potential of Lotek GPS collars to predict activity of beef cattle on extensive rangeland in 2 contrasting foraging environments. Collars were configured to record animal location at intervals of 20 minutes (United States) or 5 minutes (Israel), together with counts from 2 motion sensors. Synchronized field observations of collared cows were conducted in 1999 (United States) and in 2002 and 2003 (Israel). Grazing, traveling (without grazing), and resting activities were recorded as minutes out of 20 for each category (United States), or as a single category (Israel). For the US data, stepwise regression models of grazing, traveling, and resting time accounted for 74%-84% of the variation, on the basis of the motion sensor counts for the left-right axis and the distances between GPS fixes. Regression tree analysis of grazing time yielded a simple model (4 splits) that accounted for 85% of the variation. For the Israeli data, the misclassification rates obtained by discriminant analysis and classification tree analysis of animal activity were 14% and 12%, respectively. In both analyses, almost all grazing observations were correctly classified, but other activities were sometimes misclassified as grazing. Distance alone is a poor indicator of animal activity, but grazing, traveling, and resting activities of free-ranging cattle can be inferred with reasonable accuracy from data provided by Lotek GPS collars. C1 Agr Res Org, Inst Field & Garden Crops, Volcani Ctr, Dept Agron & Nat Resources, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. Migal Galilee Technol Ctr, Galilee Technol Ctr, IL-11016 Qiryat Shemona, Israel. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Stat & Expt Design, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. USDA, ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Ungar, ED (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Inst Field & Garden Crops, Volcani Ctr, Dept Agron & Nat Resources, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM eugene@volcani.agri.gov.il NR 32 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 5 U2 36 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 58 IS 3 BP 256 EP 266 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2005)58[256:IOAAFG]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 929ET UT WOS:000229325600006 ER PT J AU Ballard, TM Krueger, WC AF Ballard, TM Krueger, WC TI Cattle and salmon I: Cattle distribution and behavior in a northeastern oregon riparian ecosystem SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE redd; salmon spawning; plant habitats; aquatic habitat ID COMMUNITIES; PATTERNS AB This 2-year study was designed to quantify the influence of terrestrial and stream habitats on cattle distribution and behavior in a riparian pasture with access to active chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) spawning. The active salmon redds accessible to cattle were at a density of 4.6 redds per km in 1996 and 6.1 redds per km in 1997. The stocking rate was maintained at 0.82 ha (.) AUM(-1) for 28 days. Cattle spent approximately 94% of their time in the terrestrial habitats (meadow, disturbance, low shrub, tall shrub, and trees) that supported herbivory-type activities (travel, graze, and rest), the remaining time was spent in stream habitats, which consisted of gravel bar (5%) and in aquatic (< 1%) habitats. Cattle spent approximately 88% of their time on nonherbivory-type activities while in the aquatic habitat. Individual cows were observed during the daylight hours for 18 of 28 days each year they were in the pasture and were never observed in direct contact with a redd. Cattle spent over half of their time drinking and < 0.01% of their time defecating while they were in the aquatic habitat. Defecation was proportional to time spent in each habitat; so about 2% of the manure was directly deposited in the stream. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ballard, TM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, La Grande Ranger Dist,3502 Hwy 30, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM tballard@fs.fed.us NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 58 IS 3 BP 267 EP 273 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2005)58[267:CASICD]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 929ET UT WOS:000229325600007 ER PT J AU Ballard, TM Krueger, WC AF Ballard, TM Krueger, WC TI Cattle and salmon II: Interactions between cattle and spawning spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in a northeastern oregon riparian ecosystem SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE behavior; salmon redd; environmental impact; endangered species AB The study addressed the interaction between cattle and spawning spring chinook salmon late in the summer, when it is common for cattle to be present in pastures that have streams where spawning occurs. We addressed the occurrence of spawning in the study area and 2 potential impacts of cattle behavior during chinook salmon spawning: 1) disruption of spawning behavior by the presence of cattle near the redd and 2) the frequency of actual cattle contact with redds. Frequency of salmon redds was not significantly different in the stream reaches accessible to cattle compared with excluded reaches. Salmon continued preexisting patterns of behavior while cattle were within visible range of a redd. Cattle were seldom close to a redd and the chance for direct interaction to occur was minimal. When cattle were visibly near the active redd, cattle remained greater than 3.0 m from the active redd 84% of the time. Of the total time redds were observed, cattle contacted the redds < 0.01% of the time. Previous studies have shown salmon that are harassed during spawning can retain eggs and even go completely unspawned. All salmon fully spawned in the study area in both years of the study. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ballard, TM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, La Grande Ranger Dist,3502 Hwy 30, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM tballard@fs.fed.us NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 58 IS 3 BP 274 EP 278 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2005)58[274:CASIIB]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 929ET UT WOS:000229325600008 ER PT J AU Derner, JD Tischler, CR Polley, HW Johnson, HB AF Derner, JD Tischler, CR Polley, HW Johnson, HB TI Seedling growth of two honey mesquite varieties under CO2 enrichment SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE atmospheric carbon dioxide; leguminous shrub; root growth; shrub encroachment ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PROSOPIS-GLANDULOSA; SOIL-WATER; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; SAVANNA PARKLAND; TERM RESPONSE; ALLOCATION; PLANTS; TEXAS AB Seedlings of 2 varieties of honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa and P. glandulosa var. torreyana) were exposed to 2 concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) (368 and 704 mu mol (.) mol(-1)) in environmentally controlled glasshouses under near-optimal temperature and soil water conditions to determine if CO2 enrichment alters above- and belowground growth responses. CO2 enrichment substantially enhanced both above- and belowground growth variables of both varieties for all harvest dates (8, 16, and 24 days postemergence). This growth enhancement was greater for aboveground variables (21%-35%) at the first harvest, greater for belowground variables (36%-40%) at the second harvest, and similar for both above(13%-68%) and belowground (10%-40%) variables at the last harvest. Differences in temporal growth enhancement associated with CO2 enrichment suggest changing carbon allocation priorities, with initial carbon investment allocated primarily aboveground to develop photosynthetic machinery, and later carbon allocations predominately directed toward increased investment in roots. The absence of significant CO2 X variety interactions at any harvest date provides evidence that CO2 enrichment did not exaggerate growth responses between the 2 varieties. These results suggest that varietal differences in rooting and other characteristics did not modify the size advantage of the glandulosa over the torreyana variety, as the absolute differences in sizes did not change as a function Of CO2 treatment. Although CO2 enrichment did not exaggerate growth differences between varieties in this species, it is evident that honey mesquite seedlings possess the capacity to respond markedly to CO2 enrichment. The greater root depth of honey mesquite seedlings exposed to CO2 enrichment confers a competitive advantage to mesquite seedlings over grass seedlings, assuming that C-3 and C-4 grass seedlings will not respond as vigorously to CO2 enrichment. As such, this species should continue to aggressively encroach into grasslands in future CO2-enriched environments. C1 USDA, ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. USDA, ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Derner, JD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM Justin.Derner@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 58 IS 3 BP 292 EP 298 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2005)58[292:SGOTHM]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 929ET UT WOS:000229325600011 ER PT J AU Vogel, KP Schmer, MR Mitchell, RB AF Vogel, KP Schmer, MR Mitchell, RB TI Plant adaptation regions: Ecological and climatic classification of plant materials SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ecoregion; plant hardiness zone; ecotypes; plant germplasm; cultivars; native plants ID ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; SWITCHGRASS POPULATIONS; PRAIRIE GRASSES; NORTH-AMERICA; COLLECTIONS; GENOTYPE AB The effective use of plant materials for an array of objectives including conservation, restoration, renovation, landscaping, and bioremediation requires knowledge of the adaptation of each species and, more specifically, knowledge of the adaptation of cultivars, strains, accessions, or ecotypes of a species to specific sites or regions. For agronomic and horticultural plants, specific adaptation information has been and continues to be developed by extensive testing. Rangeland, grassland, park, and restoration project managers often lack the resources to determine adaptation areas for plant materials because of the large number of species that are used and the extensive geographical areas that are serviced. Problems often arise in delineating adaptation areas for plant materials of both native and introduced species. Since ecoregion and plant hardiness zone classification systems integrate many climatic and geographic variables that determine plant adaptation, these 2 systems can be combined to develop Plant Adaptation Regions (PARs). A PAR map of the contiguous United States was developed by merging a widely used ecoregion map with the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone map, and is available in GIS format. Based on their geographic origins and/or test results, plant materials and their general areas of adaptation can be classified using PARs. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Vogel, KP (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, 344 Keim Hall,POB 830937, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM kpv@unlserve.unl.edu RI Schmer, Marty/H-3586-2011 NR 19 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 58 IS 3 BP 315 EP 319 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2005)58[315:PAREAC]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 929ET UT WOS:000229325600014 ER PT J AU Wang, C Roubenoff, R Lau, J Kalish, R Schmid, CH Tighiouart, H Rones, R Hibberd, PL AF Wang, C Roubenoff, R Lau, J Kalish, R Schmid, CH Tighiouart, H Rones, R Hibberd, PL TI Effect of Tai Chi in adults with rheumatoid arthritis SO RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Rheumatol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Mind Body Therapies, Boston, MA USA. RP Wang, C (reprint author), Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Box 63,750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Chenchenw@hotmail.com NR 9 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1462-0324 J9 RHEUMATOLOGY JI RHEUMATOLOGY PD MAY PY 2005 VL 44 IS 5 BP 685 EP 687 DI 10.1093/rheumatology/keh572 PG 4 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 919RN UT WOS:000228635400026 PM 15741197 ER PT J AU Ra, HSY Geiser, LH Crang, RFE AF Ra, HSY Geiser, LH Crang, RFE TI Effects of season and low-level air pollution on physiology and element content of lichens from the US Pacific Northwest SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE lichens; air pollution; field studies; fertilizing effect ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; GREEN-ALGAL LICHENS; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RAMALINA-MENZIESII; PARMELIA-SULCATA; CO2 EXCHANGE; RESPONSES; NITROGEN; DEPOSITION; EXTRACTION AB Lichens were collected from three low-elevation sites in the western Cascade Range: HJ Andrews, OR (clean) and Bull Run, OR, and Pack Forest, WA (moderately enhanced nitrogen and sulfur deposition). The latter sites were within :50 km of Portland and Seattle/Centralia urban-industrial areas, respectively. Tissue concentrations of sulfur, nitrogen, and other macronutrients; rates of net carbon uptake; concentrations of photosynthetic pigments; and thallus density were correlated with season and seasonal changes in Platismatia glauca. Ion concentrations in precipitation and total wet deposition were measured from natural settings. Concentrations of depositional ions in precipitation, including NO3- and NH4+, were generally highest at Bull Run and Pack Forest; SO42- concentrations and acidity were highest at Pack Forest. Total wet deposition was higher in the winter rainy season than the dry summer season at all three sites. Lichens adapted physiologically and morphologically to the higher light intensity and the warm, dry climate of summer through decreased optimal water content for CO2 uptake, increased concentrations of carotenoids and increased thallus density. Compared to the clean site, the sites with enhanced deposition were associated in P glauca with year-round higher tissue concentrations of N, S, K, and Na; higher concentrations of total chlorophyll and carotenoids; higher OD435/415 ratios; higher CO2 uptake and lower thallus density in summer; and a general absence of other sensitive lichens. These results indicate that moderate levels of fertilizing air pollutants can stimulate carbon uptake and provide protection against chlorophyll degradation in air pollution-tolerant lichens of the Pacific Northwest, especially during the dry summer season. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Reg Air Program, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. RP Crang, RFE (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM r-crang@life.uiuc.edu NR 43 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAY 1 PY 2005 VL 343 IS 1-3 BP 155 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.10.003 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 929JM UT WOS:000229342400010 PM 15862842 ER PT J AU Gan, JB Onianwa, OO Schelhas, J Wheelock, GC Dubois, MR AF Gan, JB Onianwa, OO Schelhas, J Wheelock, GC Dubois, MR TI Does race matter in landowners' participation in conservation incentive programs? SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE conservation incentive programs; logit regression; mail survey; racial and ethnic background; small landowners ID UNITED-STATES; BLACK FARMERS; ALABAMA AB This study investigated and compared the participation behavior of white and minority small landowners in Alabama in eight conservation incentive programs. Using nonparametric tests and logit modeling, we found both similarities and differences in participation behavior between these two landowner groups. Both white and minority landowners tended not to participate in conservation incentive programs, and were equally likely to participate in the overall programs, Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), Stewardship Incentives Program ( SIP), and Forestry Incentives Program (FIP). White landowners, however, were enrolled in the CRP longer and signed up more acres in the CRP and FIP than minorities. Moreover, minorities were more likely to be dissatisfied with program participation and to be unable to afford the cost share. The determinants for program participation vary with program and racial/ethnic background. We suggest new approaches to encouraging program participation by small landowners in general and by minority landowners in particular. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Forest Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Agribusiness, Normal, AL 35762 USA. Tuskegee Univ, So Res Stn, USDA, Forest Serv, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Gan, JB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Forest Sci, 2135 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM j-gan@silva.tamu.edu NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 18 IS 5 BP 431 EP 445 DI 10.1080/08941920590924792 PG 15 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 923BX UT WOS:000228884800003 ER PT J AU Calderon, FJ McCarty, GW Reeves, JB AF Calderon, FJ McCarty, GW Reeves, JB TI Nitrapyrin delays denitrification on manured soils SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE manure; nitrapyrin; denitrification; nitrous oxide; nitrification ID LIQUID DAIRY MANURE; NITROUS-OXIDE; NITRIFICATION INHIBITORS; N-SERVE; CORN; NITRATE; CARBON; FERTILIZER; EFFICIENCY; BACTERIA AB Excessive. application of manure may lead to NO3- leaching to groundwater and fluxes of nitrogen oxides to the atmosphere. Nitrification inhibitors such as nitrapyrin (N-serve; 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine) may help to conserve manure N in the root zone by limiting NO3- supply to denitrifiers. The objective of this study was to test the effect of nitrapyrin on the timing and amounts of denitrification and N2O fluxes in manured soils under conditions favorable to denitrification. The study consisted of a laboratory incubation of soils under aerobic conditions. Three agricultural soils and a sand were included in the study, all with high moisture and initial NO3--N content. Each soil received three treatments: 1) manure plus nitrapyrin (190 mg nitrapyrin kg(-1) soil), 2) manure alone (0.15 mg manure N g(-1)), and 3) soil alone controls. Nitrapyrin was mixed with the manure before addition to soil. Destructive samplings were carried out weekly for 10 weeks. At each sampling, soil-extractable mineral N, microbial biomass N, denitrified N, and N2O fluxes were measured. Nitrapyrin was effective in reducing nitrification, thus enhancing soil NH4+-N accumulation and possibly reducing the potential for nitrate leaching. Although nitrapyrin was effective in reducing nitrification in manured soils, the effect on soil mineral N and potential N supply to plants varied across soils because of the interaction between nitrification, denitrification, and N immobilization. Neither manure nor nitrapyrin consistently affected net N mineralization in the five different soil types. Microbial N immobilization and/or. denitrification were strong sinks of N that reduced net N mineralization. Nitrapyrin did not affect cumulative denitrification, but some soils had delayed denitrification when nitrapyrin was added. Manure had a strong effect on N2O fluxes and denitrified N in some soils, but the effects of nitrapyrin were inconsistent. Nitrapyrin significantly reduced microbial N immobilization in two agricultural soils. The observed reductions in microbial biomass may affect N availability beyond the time frame of the experiment because less N will be available for remineralization. C1 USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, ANRI, Anim Manure & By Prod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Calderon, FJ (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, ANRI, Anim Manure & By Prod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM francisco.caideron@npa.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 30 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 170 IS 5 BP 350 EP 359 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000169905.94861.c7 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 938QT UT WOS:000230018600004 ER PT J AU Levy, GJ Goldstein, D Mamedov, AI AF Levy, GJ Goldstein, D Mamedov, AI TI Saturated hydraulic conductivity of semiarid soils: Combined effects of salinity, sodicity, and rate of wetting SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AGGREGATE STABILITY; SEAL FORMATION; INFILTRATION; GRADIENT; TEXTURE; SODIUM; ENERGY AB Combined effects of soil conditions (wetting rate), soil sodicity, and salinity on soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (HC) have not been studied systematically and were the objective of our study. We examined the effects of (i) exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP, 1-20) and fast wetting (50 mm h(-1)) and leaching with distilled water on the HC of 60 Israeli soils (7-70% clay); and (ii) wetting rate (2 or 50 turn h(-1)), ESP and water salinity (distilled water or saline water, 2 dS m(-1)) on the HC of 16 selected samples. Results of the first experiment showed that (i) steady state HC of medium- and finetextured soils was lower than 2 cm h(-1) already for nonsodic soils, and (ii) the adverse impact of sodicity on the HC strongly depended on soil texture. The second experiment revealed that in the loamy sand rate of wetting had no effect on the HC beyond that of sodicity and salinity. In the loam, sandy clay and clay soils a significant triple interaction among water quality, wetting rate and ESP in their effect on HC existed. In the absence of electrolytes, the impact of fast wetting (slaking) and swelling on the HC was most notable, mainly at the intermediate sodicity levels (ESP = 5-10). Use of saline water significantly reduced the impact of fast wetting and swelling on the HC. Our results suggested that combined effects of salinity, wetting rate, and sodicity on the HC were complex and should thus be considered simultaneously when estimating soil HC. C1 USDA ARS, MWA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Inst Soils Water & Environm Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Mamedov, AI (reprint author), USDA ARS, MWA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM amrakh@purdue.edu NR 31 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 25 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 653 EP 662 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0232 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 924VV UT WOS:000229009800011 ER PT J AU Blanco-Canqui, H Lal, R Owens, LB Post, WM Izaurralde, RC AF Blanco-Canqui, H Lal, R Owens, LB Post, WM Izaurralde, RC TI Strength properties and organic carbon of soils in the North Appalachian region SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM TILLAGE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SHEAR-STRENGTH; PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; MANURE APPLICATIONS; MINIMUM TILLAGE; CORN PRODUCTION; IRRIGATED SOIL; CONE INDEX; LOAM SOIL AB Soil strength influenced by management and soil properties controls plant growth, root development, and soil-moisture relations. The impact of textural and structural parameters on soil strength is moderated by soil organic C (SOC) concentration. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to assess differences in soil strength and SOC concentration in watersheds under long-term (> 15 yr) management practices in the North Appalachian region on a predominantly Typic Hapludults on undulating slopes (> 6% slope). Seven watersheds without field replication under moldboard plow (MP), chisel plow, disk with beef cattle manure (DiskM), no-till with beef cattle manure (NTm), no-till with no beef cattle manure (NTnm), pasture, and forest were studied. Cone index (0), shear strength, bulk density (p(b)), volumetric moisture content (θ(v)), and SOC concentration were determined at the summit, backslope, and footslope landscape positions at the 0- to 10-, 10- to 20-, and 20- to 30-cm depths. The SOC concentration was slightly higher at the footslope than at the summit position in the cultivated watersheds. The P-b was lower at the footslope than at the summit in NTm (1.22 vs. 1.42 Mg m(-3)) and chisel (1.34 vs. 1.47 Mg m(-3)) treatments. Forest had the lowest CI (0.19 MPa), shear strength (6.11 kPa), and P-b (0.93 Mg m(-3)) and the highest SOC concentration (62.7 g kg(-1)), whereas NIP had the highest CI (0.67 MPa), shear strength (25.5 kPa), p(b) (1.44 Mg m(-3)), and the lowest SOC concentration (13.6 g kg(-1)) in the 0- to 10-cm depth (P < 0.01). The SOC concentration in NTm was 1.7 times higher than that in NTnm, and both no-till treatments had lower P-b (< 1.21 Mg m(-3)) than MP (1.44 Mg m(-3)) at 0- to 10-cm depth (P < 0.01). Manuring decreased both CI and shear strength, but increased SOC concentration. The p(b), θ(v), and SOC concentration were potential predictors of Cl; whereas p(b) and SOC concentration were of shear strength (r(2) > 0.42; P < 0.01). Results show that landscape positions had small effect, but management, particularly manuring, had large and significant effects on soil strength and SOC concentration. C1 Ohio State Univ Hosp, Sch Nat Resources, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watersheds, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Maryland, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Blanco-Canqui, H (reprint author), Ohio State Univ Hosp, Sch Nat Resources, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM blanco.16@osu.edu RI Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012; Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 52 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 17 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 663 EP 673 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0254 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 924VV UT WOS:000229009800012 ER PT J AU Bailey, SW Horsley, SB Long, RP AF Bailey, SW Horsley, SB Long, RP TI Thirty years of change in forest soils of the Allegheny Plateau, Pennsylvania SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; LONG-TERM CHANGES; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; ACID-RAIN; SUGAR MAPLE; RED SPRUCE; CALCIUM DEPLETION; ORGANIC-MATTER; ECOSYSTEM; DEPOSITION AB Numerous studies have investigated the potential depletion of available base cation pools from forest soils in regions impacted by acid deposition. However, these studies mostly used indirect methods. Retrospective studies, providing direct evidence of chemical changes in forest soils, are relatively rare due to a lack of appropriate sampling, documentation, and archiving of samples over decadal or longer periods. We were provided an unusual opportunity to conduct such a retrospective study with relocation of four sites on the Allegheny Plateau in Pennsylvania. Detailed soil sampling and analyses were conducted in 1967. An original investigator was available to insure field sampling protocol consistency during resampling in 1997, and the original samples had been archived and were available for reanalysis. At all four sites there were significant decreases in exchangeable Ca and Mg concentrations and pH at all depths. Exchangeable A] concentrations increased at all depths at all sites, however increases were only significant in upper soil horizons. Short-term temporal changes, estimated by sampling the Oa/A horizon annually for 3 yr, were insignificant, suggesting that the differences between 1967 and 1997 are part of a long-term trend. At most of the sites losses of Ca and Mg on a pool basis were much larger than could be accounted for in biomass accumulation, suggesting leaching of nutrients off-site. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Campton, NH 03223 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16365 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Bailey, SW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, 234 Mirror Lake Rd, Campton, NH 03223 USA. EM swbailey@fs.fed.us OI Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X NR 49 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 3 U2 15 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 681 EP 690 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0057 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 924VV UT WOS:000229009800014 ER PT J AU Wolf, AM Kleinman, PJA Sharpley, AN Beegle, DB AF Wolf, AM Kleinman, PJA Sharpley, AN Beegle, DB TI Development of a water-extractable phosphorus test for manure: An interlaboratory study SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RUNOFF; SOIL AB The loss of P in runoff from agricultural land to which manure has been applied is related to water extractable P (WEP) in manure. However, a standard method to routinely measure WEP in manures has not been established and variables impacting the measurement have not been widely studied. In this investigation, the impact of manure holding times (1-22 d), WEP extract holding times (0-17 d with and without acidification), and method of P measurement on WEP were evaluated. In addition, four manure samples (one dairy, one swine, two poultry) and proposed WEP method were distributed to seven public and private laboratories to assess inter- and intralaboratory variability of WEP test results. The proposed method entailed extracting manures with water at a 1:200 ratio (manure solids/water), shaking for 60 min on a reciprocating shaker, and either filtering or centrifuging before P measurement by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP). Results show refrigerated (4&DEG; C manure samples can be held up to 22 d and acidified extracts 18 d before analysis. Separation procedures (filtering vs. centrifuging) did not impact WEP measurements. While the method of P measurement (ICP vs. colorimetric) did have a significant impact on test results, the two methods were highly correlated and results within 5 to 10%. The proposed manure WEP method shows a high level of precision (relative standard deviations [RSDsl < 6.5) within laboratories, although greater variability (RSDs of 13.3-28.8) exists among laboratories when compared with other standard manure analyses, such as total P. C1 Penn State Univ, Agr Analyt Serv Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Wolf, AM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Agr Analyt Serv Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM amw2@psu.edu NR 25 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 695 EP 700 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0096 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 924VV UT WOS:000229009800016 ER PT J AU Kleinman, PJA Wolf, AM Sharpley, AN Beegle, DB Saporito, LS AF Kleinman, PJA Wolf, AM Sharpley, AN Beegle, DB Saporito, LS TI Survey of water-extractable phosphorus in livestock manures SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RUNOFF PHOSPHORUS; SURFACE WATERS; POULTRY MANURE; SOILS; RAINFALL; COMPOST; RELEASE; PHYTASE; FORMS; DIETS AB Water-extractable P (WEP) in manure is increasingly used as an environmental indicator as it is correlated with P in runoff from soils recently amended with manure. Little information exists on WEP variability across livestock manures. A survey of 140 livestock manures was conducted to assess trends in WEP (dry weight equivalent) related to livestock types and manure storage. Manure WEP ranged widely (0.2-16.8 g kg(-1)), with swine (Sus scrofa domestica L.) having the highest average concentrations (9.2 g kg(-1)), followed by turkey (Melleagris gallopavo) (6.3 g kg(-1)), layer chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus L.) (4.9 g kg(-1)), dairy cattle (Bos taurus) (4.0 g kg(-1)), broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus L.) (3.2 g kg(-1)), and beef cattle (Bos taurus) (2.3 g kg-1). Manure WEP also differed by general storage system; dry manures contained significantly lower WEP concentrations (3.9 g kg(-1)) than manure from liquid storage systems (5.4 g kg(-1)). Within liquid storages, no significant differences in WEP were observed between covered and uncovered storages or between bottom-loaded and top-loaded storages. Dry-matter (DM) content of manure was weakly correlated to WEP across all manures (r= -0.44), but strongly correlated with WEP in liquid swine manure (r= -0.87) and dairy manure (r= -0.72), suggesting dissolution of phosphate compounds as manure solids are diluted in storage. Varying positive correlations were observed between WEP in manure and water-extractable Ca, Mg, and Fe, or total P, depending on livestock category. Results of this study show that livestock manure can be categorized by WEP, a key step toward differential weighting of agricultural P sources in P site assessment indices. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Agr Analyt Serv Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Kleinman, PJA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Peter.Kleinman@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 76 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 21 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 701 EP 708 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0099 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 924VV UT WOS:000229009800017 ER PT J AU Tugel, AJ Herrick, JE Brown, JR Mausbach, MJ Puckett, W Hipple, K AF Tugel, AJ Herrick, JE Brown, JR Mausbach, MJ Puckett, W Hipple, K TI Soil change, soil survey, and natural resources decision making: A blueprint for action SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TERM ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH; HISTORICAL VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT; QUALITY; RANGELAND; STATE; US; DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEMS; COMPONENT AB Land managers and policymakers need information about soil change caused by anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic factors to predict the effects of management on soil function, compare alternatives, and make decisions. Current knowledge of how soils change is not well synthesized and existing soil surveys include only limited information on the dynamic nature of soils. Providing information about causes and attributes of soil change and the effects of soil change on soil function over the human time scale (centuries, decades, or less) should be a primary objective of 21st century soil survey. Soil change is temporal variation in soil across various time scales at a specific location. Attributes of change include state variables (dynamic soil properties)' reversibility, drivers, trends, rates, and pathways and functional interpretations include resistance, resilience, and early warning indicators. Iterative elements of the blueprint for action described in this article are: (i) identify user needs; (ii) conduct interdisciplinary research and long-term studies; (iii) develop an organizing framework that relates data, processes, and soil function; (iv) select and prioritize soil change data and information requirements; (v) develop procedures for data collection and interpretation; and (vi) design an integrated soilecosystem-management information system. Selection of dynamic soil properties, soil change attributes, and functional interpretations to be included in future soil surveys should be based on analyses comparing the benefits of meeting user needs to the costs of data acquisition and delivery. Implementation of the blueprint requires increased collaboration among National Cooperative Soil Survey partners and other research disciplines. C1 USDA, NRCS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA, NRCS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, NRCS, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Tugel, AJ (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Box 30003,3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM atugel@nmsu.edu NR 61 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 22 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 738 EP 747 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0163 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 924VV UT WOS:000229009800021 ER PT J AU Darboux, F Huang, CH AF Darboux, F Huang, CH TI Does soil surface roughness increase or decrease water and particle transfers? SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EROSION PROCESSES; SEDIMENT REGIMES; TILLAGE; STORAGE; INFILTRATION; VARIABILITY; RAINFALL; CAPACITY; SEEPAGE; INDEXES AB Most of prior research showed increasing soil roughness delayed runoff and reduced total runoff and sediment yields but failed to differentiate roughness effects on water runoff and on sediment production. This study was conducted to assess separately the effects of soil surface depressions on runoff initiation and water and particle fluxes. A 5-m long soil box, filled with a silt loam, was split into 0.6-m wide paired smooth vs. rough plots with manually formed depressions, and subjected to a sequence of 24 mm h(-1) simulated rainstorms at 5% slope. Eight experiments were conducted under different upstream inflows and subsurface regimes (drainage or seepage). Collected data include time to runoff initiation and fluxes of water and particles after an apparent steady state was reached. Depressions delayed the runoff initiation by storing water into puddles and enhancing infiltration. Once runoff reached an apparent steady state, surfaces with initial depressions produced 10% greater water flux than the initially smooth surfaces, regardless, the subsurface moisture regime. Roughness had no significant effect on steady-state particle flux and concentration. Our results indicate that the only assured soil and water conservation benefit from surface depressions is due to the delay in runoff initiation at the beginning of the rain event before the entire surface is contributing to runoff. C1 INRA, F-45166 Olivet, France. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Darboux, F (reprint author), INRA, BP 20619, F-45166 Olivet, France. EM Darboux@orleans.inra.fr NR 33 TC 58 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 748 EP 756 DI 10.2136/sssaj2003.0311 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 924VV UT WOS:000229009800022 ER PT J AU Ochsner, TE Horton, R Kluitenberg, GJ Wang, QJ AF Ochsner, TE Horton, R Kluitenberg, GJ Wang, QJ TI Evaluation of the heat pulse ratio method for measuring soil water flux SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-PROPERTIES; SOURCE INSTRUMENT; SAP FLOW; SENSOR; FLOWMETER; LYSIMETER; PROBE AB Soil water flux is an important hydrologic parameter, yet few techniques for measuring it in situ are available. Here we evaluate the heat pulse ratio method for measuring water flux. We conducted heat pulse measurements of flux in packed columns of sand, sandy loam, and silt loam soil. Water fluxes were calculated from the data following both a traditional temperature increase difference method and a new temperature increase ratio method. Both methods yielded similar estimates of flux, agreeing to within 0.84 cm h(-1) on average. The low flow detection limits for both methods were also similar and ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 cm h(-1). However, the ratio method was superior in that it permitted simpler calculations, reduced the number of required parameters by four, and exhibited two to three times greater precision. We found strong linear relationships (r(2) &GE; 0.98, standard error < 0.4 cm h(-1)) between estimated and imposed water fluxes up to 40 cm h(-1). However, the slopes of these relationships were less than one, ranging from 0.739 for the sand to 0.224 for the sandy loam. These slopes indicate that the sensitivity was less than predicted by the standard conduction-convection model. We have not discovered the cause of these errors, but we did find that the errors could not be explained by increasing the magnitude of the conduction term in the model as has been previously suggested. Instead, the errors could he explained by reducing the magnitude of the convection term. This finding can help direct future research efforts to improve the accuracy of the ratio method. C1 USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. Xian Univ, Water Resources Res Inst, Xian 710048, Peoples R China. RP Ochsner, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM ochsner@umn.edu NR 28 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 757 EP 765 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0278 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 924VV UT WOS:000229009800023 ER PT J AU Kozak, JA Ahuja, LR AF Kozak, JA Ahuja, LR TI Scaling of infiltration and redistribution of water across soil textural classes SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; QUALITY MODEL; CONDUCTIVITY; FIELD; RETENTION; DRAINAGE; MEDIA; FLOW AB Results with an empirically based one-parameter model showed that the pore-size distribution index (λ) described in the Brooks and Corey formulation of soil hydraulic properties can scale the soil-water retention curves below the air-entry pressure head (ψ(b)) values across dissimilar soils. It is shown here that ψ(b) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-s) are also strongly related to λ, and thus all hydraulic parameters may be estimated from λ. The major objective here was to examine how these relationships to λ lead to relationships for infiltration and soil water contents during redistribution across soil textural classes. The Root Zone Water Quality Model simulated infiltration for four rainfall intensities and two initial pressure head conditions and redistribution for four initial wetting depths and two initial pressure head conditions in 11 textural class mean soils. All infiltration results across textural classes were scaled quite well by using the λ-derived normalization variables based on the dimensional analysis of the Green-Ampt model. Thus, if infiltration for one soil (λ) is known, infiltration for other soils (λ s) can be estimated. Additionally, we present infiltration, as well as redistribution, as explicit functions of λ. These functions can be used to approximately estimate infiltration and soil water contents across soil types for other soils and conditions by interpolation. This study enhances our understanding of the soil-water relationships among soil textural classes, and hopefully, provides a basis of further studies under field conditions for (i) estimating spatial variability of soil water for site-specific management and (ii) for scaling up results in modeling from plots to fields to watersheds. C1 USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Kozak, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 200, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Joseph.Kozak@npa.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 816 EP 827 DI 10.2136/ssaj2004.0085 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 924VV UT WOS:000229009800029 ER PT J AU Johnson, DO Arriaga, FJ Lowery, B AF Johnson, DO Arriaga, FJ Lowery, B TI Automation of a falling head permeameter for rapid determination of hydraulic conductivity of multiple samples SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TENSION INFILTROMETER; DESIGN AB Measuring hydraulic conductivity of saturated soil (K,) is one way to quantify soil hydraulic properties. However, this technique is very time consuming for both in situ and laboratory measurements, and often one is limited to measuring only one sample at a given time. Automation of hydraulic measurements has been suggested, but this has not been done for laboratory K, measurements. Thus, we propose to use pressure transducers to measure K, in multiple soil cores with a failing head permeameter. To accomplish this, an automated failing head permeameter was developed by attaching pressure transducers to failing head permeameters to measure K, of soil cores in the laboratory and a datalogger was used to record the readings. To test this method, 64 soil core samples were taken from two locations, 30 from a sandy soil, 23 from a silt loam soil, and 11 from a silty clay loam soil. The automated unit allows for six samples to be processed with minimal human oversight compared with only one sample being read manually (conventional method), requiring frequent observations during a period often > 30 min. When values obtained using the automated method were compared with values obtained for the same cores using the manual technique, there was no statistical difference at the 95% level. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Lowery, B (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM blowery@wisc.edu NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 828 EP 833 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0014N PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 924VV UT WOS:000229009800030 ER PT J AU Seybold, CA Grossman, RB Reinsch, TG AF Seybold, CA Grossman, RB Reinsch, TG TI Predicting cation exchange capacity for soil survey using linear models SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; CLAY FRACTIONS; SANDY SOILS AB Measuring the cation exchange capacity (CEC) for all horizons of every map unit component in a survey area is very time consuming and costly. The objective of this study was to develop CEC (pH 7 NH4OAc) prediction models that encompass most soils of the United States. The National Soil Survey Characterization database was used to develop the predictive models using general linear models. Data were stratified into more homogeneous groups based on the organic C content, soil pH, taxonomic family mineralogy class and CEC-activity class, and taxonomic order. Models were developed for each strata or data group. Organic matter and noncarbonate clay contents were the main predictor variables used. Water at -1500 kPa was used in lieu of clay content on four groups. Results indicate that between 43 and 78% of the variation in CEC could be explained for the high organic C data groups; between 53 and 84% could be explained for the mineralogy groups; between 86 and 95% could be explained for the CEC-activity class groups; and between 53 and 86% could be explained for the taxonomic orders. The same predictive model was applicable for Gelisols and Histosols. Inceptisols and Alfisols (> 0.3% organic C) also shared the same model. In general, the mineralogy/CEC-activity class equations had lower RMSEs than the taxonomic order equations. A decision tree, based on how the data was stratified, guides the selection of which model to use for a soil layer. Validation results indicated that the models, in aggregate, provide a reasonable estimate of CEC for most soils of the United States. C1 USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Seybold, CA (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, 100 Centennial Mall N,Federal Bldg,Room 152, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. EM cathy.seybold@nssc.nrcs.usda.gov NR 27 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 17 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 856 EP 863 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0026 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 924VV UT WOS:000229009800033 ER PT J AU Iqbal, J Read, JJ Thomasson, AJ Jenkins, JN AF Iqbal, J Read, JJ Thomasson, AJ Jenkins, JN TI Relationships between soil-landscape and dryland cotton lint yield SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; SOYBEAN QUALITY DATA; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; FIELD TOPOGRAPHY; PALOUSE REGION; MIAMIAN SOIL; POSITION; SLOPE; DIRECTIONS AB Topographical land features shape the spatial variability of soils and crop yields, especially in dryland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The objectives of this study were to (i) quantify the relationships between cotton lint yields vs. derived topographical attributes in combination with measured soil physical properties, and (ii) quantify the relationships between measured soil physical properties and derived topographical attributes. The dominant soil of the study area was classified as Vaiden soil series (very-fine, smectitic, thermic Aquic Dystruderts). More than 4500 elevation point data were recorded in a 42-ha field using a real-time kinematic-global positioning system (RTK-GPS) used in a geographic information system (GIS) to derive topographic (slope, curvature and aspect) and hydrologic attributes (wetness index, flow direction, flow length, flow accumulation, and sediment transport index). Surface (0-17 cm) sand, clay, saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-s), bulk density (p(b)), water content at seven equilibrium pressure levels ranging from -0.01 to -1.5 MPa, and 2-yr cotton lint yield data were measured from sites selected based on classified normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Stepwise linear regression indicated that cotton lint yield variability was explained by soil properties (65% in 2001 and 58% in 2002), and topographic and hydrologic attributes (40 and 21%), as well as their combined effects (82 and 72%). Elevation, flow direction, sediment transport index, percentage sand content, and volumetric water content (0,) at -0.001 MPa pressure explained most of the lint yield variation. Overall, statistical analysis indicated that higher elevation areas generally yielded lower (r = -0.50, P < 0.01) and may experience water stress earlier in the season, as compared with lower elevation areas. We expect that once these features are derived and interpreted, they will have a long-lasting impact on cotton management under dryland conditions. C1 Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Iqbal, J (reprint author), Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Box 9632, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM ji1@ra.msstate.edu NR 55 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 872 EP 882 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0178 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 924VV UT WOS:000229009800035 ER PT J AU Herrick, JE AF Herrick, JE TI Response to "Comments on 'Simultaneous measurement of soil penetration resistance and water content with a combined penetrometer-TDR moisture probe' and 'A dynamic cone penetrometer for measuring soil penetration resistance" SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 USDA, ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Herrick, JE (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jherrick@nmsu.edu NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 926 EP 927 PG 2 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 924VV UT WOS:000229009800042 ER PT J AU Bridgwater, F Kubisiak, T Byram, T McKeand, S AF Bridgwater, F Kubisiak, T Byram, T McKeand, S TI Risk assessment with current deployment strategies for fusiform rust-resistant loblolly and slash pines SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the IEG-40 Group CY SEP, 2002 CL N Carolina State Univ, Wrightsville Beach, NC SP IEG-40 Grp HO N Carolina State Univ DE Pinus taeda; Pinus elliottii; Cronartium quercuum (Berk.) Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp fusiforme; Fusarium subglutinans f. sp pini; deployment strategy; risk management ID F-SP FUSIFORME; CRONARTIUM-FUSIFORME; MAJOR GENE; VIRULENCE; FAMILIES; DISEASE; POLLINATION; INCREASE AB In the southeastern USA, fusiform rust resistant loblolly and slash pines may be deployed as 1) ulked seed orchard mixes, 2) half-sibling (sib) family mixtures, 3) single half-sib families, 4) full-sib family mixtures, single full-sib families from 5) "bulking up" or producing large numbers of controlled cross seeds, or as 6) clones of individual genotypes. These deployment types are respectively less genetically variable and less well buffered against environmental stress, but provide respectively greater genetic gains from higher selection intensity. Currently, bulked seed orchard mixes are deployed by all state organizations and many smaller companies, but about half the 1.1 billion loblolly and slash pines deployed annually are planted in half-sib family blocks. The most aggressive landowners plant virtually all of their land with a small number of half-sib families. Full-sib families and/or clones are currently planted on a small fraction of the total area regenerated, but research and development seeks to make the deployment of full-sib families and clones economical to increase the genetic gains from applied tree improvement programs. Resistance to fusiform rust currently being deployed is likely due to resistance based on both major genes and genes of small, cumulative effects. However, major genes for resistance to fusiform rust have been discovered using molecular genetic techniques, and deployment strategies are currently being developed. "Boom and bust" cycles of pathogens on other crops when major genes were deployed against them create concerns that these same problems might arise when deploying major genes for resistance against fusiform rust. We assessed the risk that fusiform rust might overcome one to few major genes for resistance if they are deployed widely and strategies to mitigate the risk that this will occur. We concluded that the deployment strategies currently in widest use (bulked seed orchard seedlings and half-sib family blocks) robustly resist fusiform rust infection. Plantations are probably sufficiently genetically buffered to present little risk of cataclysmic failure, as current resistance is likely to be based on both major and minor genes. Furthermore, these same deployment strategies are likely to provide robust protection against risk factors other than fusiform rust. We concluded that deploying pine cultivars with known genes for major resistance to fusiform rust in regions where their associated virulence genes are absent or in low frequencies is a practical near term strategy and that deploying a mosaic of different resistance genes may mitigate the presumed greater risk of deploying full-sib family blocks or clones. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, Harrison Expt Forst, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Forest Serv, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Bridgwater, F (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, Harrison Expt Forst, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. NR 53 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 29 IS 2 BP 80 EP 87 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 926PN UT WOS:000229135200004 ER PT J AU Lambeth, C McKeand, S Rousseau, R Schmidtling, R AF Lambeth, C McKeand, S Rousseau, R Schmidtling, R TI Planting nonlocal seed sources of loblolly pine - Managing benefits and risks SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the IEG-40 Group CY SEP, 2002 CL N Carolina State Univ, Wrightsville Beach, NC SP IEG-40 Grp HO N Carolina State Univ DE seed source; genetic gain; adaptability; provenance; hybrid ID GENETIC-PARAMETERS; POPULATIONS; PROVENANCES; OLEORESIN; FAMILIES; ARKANSAS; GROWTH; TAEDA AB Seed source testing of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), which began in the 1920s, has allowed large realized genetic gains from using nonlocal seed sources in operational plantations. Seed source testing continues, and deployment guidelines are still being refined. Some general effects of seed source movement can be described, but there are still gaps in (1) understanding exactly how far certain seed sources can be moved, (2) the degree of risk involved, and (3) how certain traits such as wood quality vary by seed source, especially with seed source movement. In some cases, seed source movement gains can be achieved with little risk; for example, planting Livingston Parish, Louisiana material for rust resistance in more easterly Gulf Coastal areas. Also, movement of seed sources one plant hardiness zone north can result in increased growth with little concern for winter damage. Big gains in growth, however, from using nonlocal seed sources may come at significant risk. Two industrial examples of planting nonlocal seed sources and how risks were managed are covered: (l) South-to-north movement: MeadWestvaco's use of loblolly pine north of the native range in Kentucky and surrounding areas, and (2) East-to-west movement: Weyerhaeuser's use of North Carolina coastal plain families in southern Arkansas and southeast Oklahoma. To deal with the significant risks of seed source movements, one must be aware of the risk factors, understand historical climatic data (are the risks high or low within a typical harvest rotation period), and have silvicultural and genetic strategies to mitigate or reduce risk. Possible genetic strategies include thorough testing and allocation of orchard families of the nonlocal seed source, development of a "land race" (breeding and testing for local adaptation of the nonlocal seed source), interprovenance hybrids, and interspecific hybrids. Examples of these are discussed in this article. C1 Weyerhaeuser Co, So Tree Improvement, Hot Springs, AR 71901 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. MeadWestvaco, Cent Forest Res Stn, Wickliffe, KY 42007 USA. US Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. RP Lambeth, C (reprint author), Weyerhaeuser Co, So Tree Improvement, Hot Springs, AR 71901 USA. EM clem.lambeth@weyerhaeuser.com NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 29 IS 2 BP 96 EP 104 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 926PN UT WOS:000229135200006 ER PT J AU Scott, MP Pollak, LM AF Scott, MP Pollak, LM TI Transgenic maize SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Review DE Bt corn; herbicide tolerant corn; biotechnology ID GENETICALLY-MODIFIED MAIZE; EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; FUSARIUM EAR ROT; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; BT CORN; GLYPHOSATE-TOLERANT; BIODIVERSITY COMMUNICATIONS; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES AB Transgenic maize for commercial production currently confers either insect resistance or herbicide tolerance or a combination of these traits. The introduction of transgenic maize has resulted in an increase in maize production. Effects of these transgenic plants on non-target insects, soil, and animals consuming them have been studied, and in general these effects are small. The economic impact of transgenic maize into the global market has been tremendous because maize can no longer be marketed as a simple commodity. Identity preservation and tracking systems are now required to ensure that maize meets the tolerance levels set by different countries for content of transgenic maize. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Scott, MP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Agron Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM pscott@iastate.edu RI Scott, M./E-3291-2010 NR 62 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 24 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD MAY PY 2005 VL 57 IS 5 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1002/star.200400396 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 929JS UT WOS:000229343000001 ER PT J AU Szalma, SJ Buckler, ES Snook, ME McMullen, MD AF Szalma, SJ Buckler, ES Snook, ME McMullen, MD TI Association analysis of candidate genes for maysin and chlorogenic acid accumulation in maize silks SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CORN-EARWORM ANTIBIOSIS; ZEA-MAYS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; FLAVONOID BIOSYNTHESIS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; METABOLIC PATHWAYS; WHITE POLLEN; L.; COMPLEMENTATION AB Two compounds, the C-glycosyl flavone maysin and the phenylpropanoid product chlorogenic acid (CGA), have been implicated in corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea Boddie) resistance in maize (Zea mays L.). Previous quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses identified the pericarp color (p) locus, which encodes a transcription factor, as the major QTL for maysin and CGA. QTL analysis has also implicated the dihydroflavanol reductase (DFR; E.C. no. 1.1.1.219) locus anthocyaninless1 (a1) and the duplicate chalcone synthase (CHS; E.C. no. 2.3.1.74) loci colorless2 (c2) and white pollen1 (whp1) as genes underlying QTL for maysin and/or CGA synthesis. Epistatic interactions between p and a1 and between p and c2 were also defined. CHS catalyzes the first step in the flavonoid pathway and represents one of the first enzyme steps following the branch off the general phenylpropanoid pathway towards CGA synthesis. In maize, the reduction of dihydroflavanol to leucoanthocyanin by DFR immediately follows the pathway branch leading to C-glycosyl flavone production. The detection of QTLs for maysin and CGA concentration at loci encoding enzyme steps following the pathway branch points implicates alterations in the flow of biochemical intermediates as the biological basis of the QTL effects. To examine if sequence variation among alleles of a1, c2, and whp1 affect maysin and CGA synthesis in maize silks, we performed an association analysis. Because the p locus has often been a major QTL for maysin and CGA and has exhibited epistatic interactions with a1, c2, and whp1, association analysis was conditioned on the p genotype. A highly significant association of two sequence polymorphisms in the promoter of a1 with maysin synthesis was demonstrated. Additional conditioning on the genotype of the significant a1 polymorphism allowed the detection of a significant polymorphism within the whp1 promoter. Our analyses demonstrate that conditioning for epistatic factors greatly increases the power of association testing. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Genet Area Program, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Soil & Nutr Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Georgia, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP McMullen, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM mcmullenm@missouri.edu OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X NR 46 TC 84 Z9 108 U1 6 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 110 IS 7 BP 1324 EP 1333 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-1973-0 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 922OC UT WOS:000228846300019 PM 15806344 ER PT J AU Horn, R Lecouls, AC Callahan, A Dandekar, A Garay, L McCord, P Howad, W Chan, H Verde, I Main, D Jung, S Georgi, L Forrest, S Mook, J Zhebentyayeva, T Yu, YS Kim, HR Jesudurai, C Sosinski, B Arus, P Baird, V Parfitt, D Reighard, G Scorza, R Tomkins, J Wing, R Abbott, AG AF Horn, R Lecouls, AC Callahan, A Dandekar, A Garay, L McCord, P Howad, W Chan, H Verde, I Main, D Jung, S Georgi, L Forrest, S Mook, J Zhebentyayeva, T Yu, YS Kim, HR Jesudurai, C Sosinski, B Arus, P Baird, V Parfitt, D Reighard, G Scorza, R Tomkins, J Wing, R Abbott, AG TI Candidate gene database and transcript map for peach, a model species for fruit trees SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PERSICA L. BATSCH; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS; PRUNUS-PERSICA; LINKAGE MAP; SSR-MARKERS; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; INTERSPECIFIC CROSS; MOLECULAR MARKERS; RAPD MARKERS AB Peach ( Prunus persica) is a model species for the Rosaceae, which includes a number of economically important fruit tree species. To develop an extensive Prunus expressed sequence tag ( EST) database for identifying and cloning the genes important to fruit and tree development, we generated 9,984 high-quality ESTs from a peach cDNA library of developing fruit mesocarp. After assembly and annotation, a putative peach unigene set consisting of 3,842 ESTs was defined. Gene ontology ( GO) classification was assigned based on the annotation of the single "best hit'' match against the Swiss-Prot database. No significant homology could be found in the GenBank nr databases for 24.3% of the sequences. Using core markers from the general Prunus genetic map, we anchored bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones on the genetic map, thereby providing a framework for the construction of a physical and transcript map. A transcript map was developed by hybridizing 1,236 ESTs from the putative peach unigene set and an additional 68 peach cDNA clones against the peach BAC library. Hybridizing ESTs to genetically anchored BACs immediately localized 11.2% of the ESTs on the genetic map. ESTs showed a clustering of expressed genes in defined regions of the linkage groups. [ The data were built into a regularly updated Genome Database for Rosaceae ( GDR), available at (http:// www.genome.clemson.edu/gdr/).] C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Genet Biochem & Life Sci Studies, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Inst Recerca & Tecnol Agroalimentaries, Dept Genet Vegetal, Cabrilis 08348, Spain. ISF, I-00040 Rome, Italy. Clemson Univ, Genom Inst, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Hort, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Clemson Univ, Dept Genet Biochem & Life Sci Studies, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM aalbert@clemson.edu RI Baird, William/I-6442-2012; Arus, Pere/F-6443-2015; OI Baird, William/0000-0003-2395-3077; Arus, Pere/0000-0003-0939-8038; Verde, Ignazio/0000-0002-9139-955X; Wing, Rod/0000-0001-6633-6226 NR 43 TC 53 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 110 IS 8 BP 1419 EP 1428 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-1968-x PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 934OL UT WOS:000229718000008 PM 15846479 ER PT J AU Obert, DE Fritz, AK Moran, JL Singh, S Rudd, JC Menz, MA AF Obert, DE Fritz, AK Moran, JL Singh, S Rudd, JC Menz, MA TI Identification and molecular tagging of a gene from PI 289824 conferring resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) in wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE wheat; leaf rust; resistance genes ID MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; RICE; RFLP; MAP; PCR; L. AB Host-plant resistance is the most economically viable and environmentally responsible method of control for Puccinia triticina, the causal agent of leaf rust in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The identification and utilization of new resistance sources is critical to the continued development of improved cultivars as shifts in pathogen races cause the effectiveness of widely deployed genes to be short lived. The objectives of this research were to identify and tag new leaf rust resistance genes. Forty landraces from Afghanistan and Iran were obtained from the National Plant Germplasm System and evaluated under field conditions at two locations in Texas. PI 289824, a landrace from Iran, was highly resistant under field infection. Further evaluation revealed that PI 289824 is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of leaf rust races, including the currently prevalent races of leaf rust in the Great Plains area of the USA. Eight F-1 plants, 176 F-2 individuals and 139 F-2:3 families of a cross between PI 289824 and T112 (susceptible) were evaluated for resistance to leaf rust at the seedling stage. Genetic analysis indicated resistance in PI 289824 is controlled by a single dominant gene. The AFLP analyses resulted in the identification of a marker (P39 M48-367) linked to resistance. The diagnostic AFLP band was sequenced and that sequence information was used to develop an STS marker (TXW200) linked to the gene at a distance of 2.3 cM. The addition of microsatellite markers allowed the gene to be mapped to the short arm of Chromosome 5B. The only resistance gene to be assigned to Chr 5BS is Lr52. The Lr52 gene was reported to be 16.5 cM distal to Xgwm443 while the gene in PI 289824 mapped 16.7 cM proximal to Xgwm443. Allelism tests are needed to determine the relationship between the gene in PI 289824 and Lr52. If the reported map positions are correct, the gene in PI 289824 is unique. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. ARS, USDA, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. RP Menz, MA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM mmenz@tamu.edu NR 16 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 110 IS 8 BP 1439 EP 1444 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-1974-z PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 934OL UT WOS:000229718000010 PM 15815925 ER PT J AU Liu, XM Fritz, AK Reese, JC Wilde, GE Gill, BS Chen, MS AF Liu, XM Fritz, AK Reese, JC Wilde, GE Gill, BS Chen, MS TI H9, H10, and H11 compose a cluster of Hessian fly-resistance genes in the distal gene-rich region of wheat chromosome 1AS SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE wheat; Hessian fly; resistance gene; H9; H10; H11; gene mapping; marker ID BREAD WHEAT; TRITICUM-TAUSCHII; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR MARKERS; POWDERY MILDEW; COMMON WHEAT; BIOTYPE-D; D-GENOME; IDENTIFICATION AB H9, H10, and H11 are major dominant resistance genes in wheat, expressing antibiosis against Hessian fly [(Hf) Mayetiola destructor (Say)] larvae. Previously, H9 and H10 were assigned to chromosome 5A and H11 to 1A. The objectives of this study were to identify simple-sequence-repeat (SSR) markers for fine mapping of these genes and for marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding. Contrary to previous results, H9 and H10 did not show linkage with SSR markers on chromosome 5A. Instead, H9, H10, and H11 are linked with SSR markers on the short arm of chromosome 1A. Both H9 and H10 are tightly linked to flanking markers Xbarc263 and Xcfa2153 within a genetic distance of 0.3-0.5 cM. H11 is tightly linked to flanking markers Xcfa2153 and Xbarc263 at genetic distances of 0.3 cM and 1.7 cM. Deletion bin mapping assigned these markers and genes to the distal 14% of chromosome arm 1AS, where another Hf-resistance gene, Hdic (derived from emmer wheat), was also mapped previously. Marker polymorphism results indicated that a small terminal segment of chromosome 1AS containing H9 or H10 was transferred from the donor parent to the wheat lines Iris or Joy, and a small intercalary fragment carrying H11 was transferred from the resistant donor to the wheat line Karen. Our results suggest that H9, H10, H11, Hdic, and the previously identified H9- or H11-linked genes (H3, H5, H6, H12, H14, H15, H16, H17, H19, H28, and H29) may compose a cluster (or family) of Hf-resistance genes in the distal gene-rich region of wheat chromosome 1AS; and H10 most likely is the same gene as H9. C1 Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Wheat Genet Resource Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Chen, MS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM mchen@ksu.edu NR 46 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 110 IS 8 BP 1473 EP 1480 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-1982-z PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 934OL UT WOS:000229718000015 PM 15803288 ER PT J AU Powell, JA Logan, JA AF Powell, JA Logan, JA TI Insect seasonality: circle map analysis of temperature-driven life cycles SO THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE seasonality; developmental timing; circle maps; nonlinear dynamics; mountain pine beetle; Dendroctonus ponderosae; climate change; global warming ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MODEL; COLEOPTERA; SIMULATION; SCOLYTIDAE; SYNCHRONIZATION AB Maintaining an adaptive seasonality, with life cycle events occurring at appropriate times of year and in synchrony with cohorts and ephemeral resources, is a basic ecological requisite for many cold-blooded organisms. There are many mechanisms for synchronizing developmental milestones, such as egg laying (oviposition), egg hatching, cocoon opening, and the emergence of adults. These are often irreversible, specific to particular life stages, and include diapause, an altered physiological state which can be reversed by some synchronizing environmental cue (e.g. photoperiod). However, many successful organisms display none of these mechanisms for maintaining adaptive seasonality. In this paper, we briefly review the mathematical relationship between environmental temperatures and developmental timing and discuss the consequences of viewing these models as circle maps from the cycle of yearly oviposition dates and temperatures to oviposition dates for subsequent generations. Of particular interest biologically are life cycles which are timed to complete in exactly 1 year, or univoltine cycles. Univoltinism, associated with reproductive success for many temperate species, is related to stable fixed points of the developmental circle map. Univoltine fixed points are stable and robust in broad temperature bands, but lose stability suddenly to maladaptive cycles at the edges of these bands. Adaptive seasonality may therefore break down with little warning with constantly increasing or decreasing temperature change, as in scenarios for global warming. These ideas are illustrated and explored in the context of Mountain Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) occurring in the marginal thermal habitat of central Idaho's Rocky Mountains. Applications of these techniques have not been widely explored by the applied math community, but are likely to provide great insight into the response of biological systems to climate change. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Rs Stn, Logan Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Powell, JA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, 3900 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM powell@math.usu.edu; jalogan@fs.fed.us NR 36 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 40 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0040-5809 J9 THEOR POPUL BIOL JI Theor. Popul. Biol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 67 IS 3 BP 161 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.tpb.2004.10.001 PG 19 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 916WP UT WOS:000228417600002 PM 15808334 ER PT J AU Teske, ME Thistle, HW Hewitt, AJ Kirk, IW Dexter, RW Ghent, JH AF Teske, ME Thistle, HW Hewitt, AJ Kirk, IW Dexter, RW Ghent, JH TI Rotary atomizer drop size distribution database SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE AGDISP; database; drop size distribution; multiple regression; rotary atomizer ID AERIAL APPLICATIONS; SPRAY DRIFT; SPECTRA; MODEL AB Wind tunnel measurements of drop Size distributions from Micronair A U4000 and A U5000 rotary atomizers were collected to develop a database for model use. The measurements varied tank mix, flow rate, air speed, and blade angle conditions, which were correlated by multiple regressions (average R-2 = 0.995 for A U4000 and 0.988 for AU5000). This database replaces an outdated set of rotary atomizer data measured in the 1980s by the USDA Forest Service and fills in a gap in data measured in the 1990s by the Spray Drift Task Force. Since current USDA Forest Service spray projects rely on rotary atomizers, the creation of the database (and its multiple regression interpolation) satisfies a need seen for ten years. C1 Continuum Dynam Inc, Ewing, NJ 08618 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV USA. Univ Queensland, Ctr Pesticide Applicat & Safety, Gatton, Australia. USDA ARS, College Stn, TX USA. FMC Corp, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Asheville, NC USA. RP Teske, ME (reprint author), Continuum Dynam Inc, 34 Lexington Ave, Ewing, NJ 08618 USA. EM milt@continuum-dynamics.com OI Hewitt, Andrew/0000-0001-9210-7013 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 48 IS 3 BP 917 EP 921 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 943SS UT WOS:000230375300005 ER PT J AU Helmers, MJ Eisenhauer, DE Dosskey, MG Franti, TG Brothers, JM McCullough, MC AF Helmers, MJ Eisenhauer, DE Dosskey, MG Franti, TG Brothers, JM McCullough, MC TI Flow pathways and sediment trapping in a field-scale vegetative filter SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE flow convergence; grass filters; overland flow; sediment trapping; vegetative filters ID RIPARIAN BUFFERS; SIMULATED RAIN; STRIPS; RUNOFF; GRASS; WATER; RETENTION; TRANSPORT; LOSSES AB Vegetative filters (VF) are a best management practice installed in many areas to control sediment movement to water bodies. It is commonly assumed that runoff proceeds perpendicularly across a VF as sheet flow. However there is little research information on natural pathways of water movement and performance of field-scale VF The objectives of this study were: (1) to quantify the performance of a VF where the flow path is not controlled by artificial borders and flow path lengths are field-scale, and (2) to develop methods to detect and quantify overland flow convergence and divergence in a VF Our hypothesis is that flow converges and diverges in field-scale VF and that flow pathways that define flow convergence and divergence areas can be predicted using high-resolution topography (i.e., maps). Overland flow and sediment mass flow were monitored in two 13 x 15 m subareas of a 13 x 225 m grass buffer located in Polk County in east-central Nebraska. Monitoring included a high-resolution survey to 3 cm resolution, dye tracer studies to identify flow pathways, and measurement of maximum flow depths at 51 points in each subarea. Despite relatively planar topography (a result of grading for surface irrigation), there were converging and diverging areas of overland flow in the buffer subareas. Convergence ratios ranged from -1.55 to 0.34. Predicted flow pathways using the high-resolution topography (i.e., map) closely followed actual flow paths. Overland flow was not uniformly distributed, and flow depths were not uniform across the subareas. Despite converging and diverging flow, the field-scale VF trapped approximately 80% of the incoming sediment. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE USA. USDA, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Helmers, MJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mhelmers@iastate.edu NR 33 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 48 IS 3 BP 955 EP 968 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 943SS UT WOS:000230375300009 ER PT J AU Johnson, CK Eigenberg, RA Doran, JW Wienhold, BJ Eghball, B Woodbury, BL AF Johnson, CK Eigenberg, RA Doran, JW Wienhold, BJ Eghball, B Woodbury, BL TI Status of soil electrical conductivity studies by central state researchers SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASAE Annual Meeting CY 2003 CL HONOLULU, HI SP ASAE DE electrical conductivity; electromagnetic induction; field-scale experiments; geophysical sensors; precision agriculture; site-specific management; sustainable management ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; WATER CONTENT; ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION; MANURE; CROP; CLASSIFICATION; VARIABILITY; YIELD AB Practical tools are needed to identify and advance sustainable management practices to optimize economic return, conserve soil, and minimize negative off-site environmental effects. The objective of this article is to review current research in non-saline soils of the central U.S. to consider bulk soil electrical conductivity (ECa) as an assessment tool for: (1) tracking N dynamics, (2) identifying management zones, (3) monitoring soil quality trends, and (4) designing and evaluating field-scale experiments. The interpretation and utility of ECa are highly location and soil specific; soil properties contributing to measured ECa must be clearly understood. In soils where ECa is driven by NO3-N, ECa has been used to track spatial and temporal variations in crop-available N (manure, compost, commercial fertilizer and cover crop treatments) and rapidly assess N mineralization early in the growing season to calculate fertilizer rates for site-specific management (SSM). Selection of appropriate ECa sensors (direct contact, electromagnetic induction, or time domain reflectometry) may improve sensitivity to N fluctuations at specific soil depths. In a dryland cropping system where clay content dominates measured ECa, ECa-based management zones delineated soil productivity characteristics and crop yields. These results provided a framework effective for SSM, monitoring management-induced trends in soil quality, and appraising and statistically evaluating field-scale experiments. Use of ECa may foster a large-scale systems approach to research that encourages farmer involvement. Additional research is needed to investigate the interactive effects of soil, weather, and management on ECa as an assessment tool, and the geographic extent to which specific applications of this technology can be applied. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Res Unit, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Eigenberg, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Res Unit, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM eigenberg@email.marc.usda.gov NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 48 IS 3 BP 979 EP 989 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 943SS UT WOS:000230375300011 ER PT J AU Van Liew, MW Arnold, JG Bosch, DD AF Van Liew, MW Arnold, JG Bosch, DD TI Problems and potential of autocalibrating a hydrologic model SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE calibration; hydrology; modeling; optimization; simulation; SWAT validation ID WATER-RESOURCES; CROP PRODUCTION; RURAL BASINS; VALIDATION; SIMULATION; AREA; SWAT AB An investigation was conducted to evaluate strengths and limitations of manual calibration and the existing autocalibration tool in the watershed-scale model referred to as the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Performance of the model was tested on the Little River Experimental Watershed in Georgia and the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed in Oklahoma, both USDA-ARS watersheds. A long record of multi-gauge streamflow data on each of the watersheds was used for model calibration and validation. Model performance of the streamflow response in SWAT was assessed using a six-parameter manual calibration based on daily mass balance and visual inspection of hydrographs and duration of daily flow curves, a six-parameter autocalibration method based on the daily sum of squares of the residuals after ranking objective function (referred to as SSQRauto6), a-six-parameter method based on the daily sum of squares of residuals (SSQauto6), and an eleven-parameter method based on the daily sum of square of residuals (SSQauto11). Results show that for both watersheds, manual calibration generally outperformed the autocalibration methods based on percent bias (PBIAS) and simulation of the range in magnitude of daily flows. For the calibration period on Little River subwatershed F PBIAS was 0.0%, -24.0%, -21.5%, and +29.0% for the manual, SSQRauto6, SSQauto6, and SSQauto11 methods, respectively. Based on the coefficient of efficiency (NSE), the SSQauto6 and SSQauto11 methods gave substantially better results than manual calibration on the Little River watershed. On the Little Washita watershed, however, the manual approach generally outperformed the automated methods, based on the NSE error statistic. Results of this study suggest that the autocalibration option in SWAT provides a powerful, labor-saving tool that can be used to substantially reduce the frustration and uncertainty that often characterize manual calibrations. If used in combination with a manual approach, the autocalibration tool shows promising results in providing initial estimates for model parameters. To maintain mass balance and adequately represent the range in magnitude of output variables, manual adjustments may be necessary following autocalibration. Caution must also be exercised in utilizing the autocalibration tool so that the selection of initial lower and upper ranges in the parameters results in calibrated values that are representative of watershed conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Van Liew, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM mvanliew@grl.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1025 EP 1040 PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 943SS UT WOS:000230375300015 ER PT J AU Wang, X He, X Williams, JR Izaurralde, RC Atwood, JD AF Wang, X He, X Williams, JR Izaurralde, RC Atwood, JD TI Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses of crop yields and soil organic carbon simulated with EPIC SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE corn yield; EPIC model; GLUE procedure; parameter optimization; sensitivity analysis; uncertainty analysis ID AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION; PARAMETER UNCERTAINTY; DRAINMOD PREDICTIONS; HYDROLOGIC-MODELS; RAINFALL; WATER; PRODUCTIVITY; METHODOLOGY; GRASSLANDS; MULTIPLE AB Modeling biophysical processes is a complex endeavor because of large data requirements and uncertainty in model parameters. Model predictions should incorporate, when possible, analyses of their uncertainty and sensitivity. The study incorporated uncertainty analysis on EPIC (Environmental Policy Impact Calculator) predictions of corn (Zea mays L.) yield and soil organic carbon (SOC) using generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE). An automatic parameter optimization procedure was developed at the conclusion of sensitivity analysis, which was conducted using the extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity test (FAST). The analyses were based on an experimental field under 34-year continuous corn with five N treatments at the Arlington Agricultural Research Station in Wisconsin. The observed average annual yields per treatment during 1958 to 1991 fell well within the 90% confidence interval (CI) of the annually averaged predictions. The width of the 90% CI bands of predicted average yields ranged from 0.31 to 1.6 Mg ha(-1). The predicted means per treatment over simulations were 3.26 to 6.37 Mg ha(-1), with observations from 3.28 to 6.4 Mg ha(-1). The predicted means of yearly yield over simulations were 1.77 to 9.22 Mg ha(-1), with observations from 1.35 to 10.22 Mg ha(-1). The 90% confidence width for predicted yearly SOC in the top 0.2 m soil was 285 to 625 g C m(-2), while predicted means were 5122 to 6564 g C m(-2) and observations were 5645 to 6733 g C m-2. The optimal parameter set identified through the automatic parameter optimization procedure gave an R-2 of 0.96 for average corn yield predictions and 0.89 for yearly SOC. EPIC was dependable, from a statistical point of view, in predicting average yield and SOC dynamics. C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Blackland Res Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Univ Maryland, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA, Resource Inventory & Assessment Div, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Temple, TX USA. RP Wang, X (reprint author), Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Blackland Res Ctr, 720 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM swang@brc.tamus.edu RI Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012 NR 58 TC 81 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1041 EP 1054 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 943SS UT WOS:000230375300016 ER PT J AU Roodsari, RM Shelton, DR Shirmohammadi, A Pachepsky, YA Sadeghi, AM Starr, JL AF Roodsari, RM Shelton, DR Shirmohammadi, A Pachepsky, YA Sadeghi, AM Starr, JL TI Fecal coliform transport as affected by surface condition SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE fecal coliform; infiltration; overland flow; transport ID VEGETATIVE FILTER STRIPS; BACTERIAL POLLUTION; AGRICULTURAL LANDS; FEEDLOT RUNOFF; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; MANURE; RELEASE; GIARDIA; AREAS; WATER AB Land application of manure is recommended to recycle organic matter and nutrients, thus enhancing the soil quality and crop productivity. However, pathogens in manure may pose a human health risk if they reach potable or recreational water resources. The objective of this study was to observe and quantify the effects of vegetated filter strips (VFS) on surface and vertical transport of fecal coliform (FC) bacteria, surrogates for bacterial pathogens, released from surface-applied bovine manure. A two-sided lysimeter with 20% slope on both sides was constructed with a sandy loam soil on one side and a clay loam soil on the other Each side of the lysimeter was divided into two subplots (60 X 64 m), one with grass and the other with bare soil. Plots were instrumented to collect runoff samples along a 60 m slope at three equidistant transects. Samples of runoff were also collected in a gutter at the edge of each plot. All plots were equipped with multi-sensor capacitance moisture probes to monitor water content through the soil profile. Bovine manure was applied at the top of each plot in a 30 cm strip. Rainfall was simulated at a 61 mm h(-1) intensity using a portable rainfall simulator Surface runoff rate was measured and water quality sampled periodically throughout the simulation. Soil samples were taken at incremental depths (0-60 cm) after each simulation. Runoff (as % of total rainfall) decreased from 93% to 12% in the bare vs. vegetated clay loam plots and from 61 % to 2 % in the bare vs. vegetated sandy loam plots. The reduced runoff from vegetated plots decreased the surface transport of FC while increasing its vertical transport. The amount of FC in runoff (as % of applied) decreased from 68% to 1% in the bare vs. vegetated clay loam plots and from 23% to non-detectable levels in the bare vs. vegetated sandy loam plots. These data indicate that VFS can reduce surface transport of FC, even for slopes as high as 20%, especially in soils with high infiltration (e.g., sandy loam). C1 USDA, FSIS, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Microbiol Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Biol Resources Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roodsari, RM (reprint author), USDA, FSIS, Off Publ Hlth Sci, 1400 Independence Ave,SW Room 382,Aerosp Bldg, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM reza.roodsari@fsis.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 33 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1055 EP 1061 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 943SS UT WOS:000230375300017 ER PT J AU Irmak, S Howell, TA Allen, RG Payero, JO Martin, DL AF Irmak, S Howell, TA Allen, RG Payero, JO Martin, DL TI Standardized ASCE Penman-Monteith: Impact of sum-of-hourly vs. 24-hour timestep computations at reference weather station sites SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; Penman-Monteith; sum-of-hourly; weather station ID VARIABLE CANOPY RESISTANCE; REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; NET-RADIATION; EQUATIONS AB The standardized ASCE Penman-Monteith (ASCE-PM) model was used to estimate grass-reference evapotranspiration (ETo) over a range of climates at seven locations based on hourly and 24 It weather data. Hourly ETo computations were summed over 24 h periods and reported as sum-of-hourly (SOH). The SOH ASCE-PM ET, values (ETo,h,ASCE) were compared with the 24 h timestep ASCE-PM ETo values (ETo,d) and SOH ETo values using the FAO Paper 56 Penman-Monteith (FAO56-PM) method (ETo,h,FAO). The ETo,h,ASCE values were used as the basis for comparison. The ETo,d estimated higher than ETo,h,ASCE at all locations except one, and agreement between the computational timesteps was best in humid regions. The greatest differences between ETo,d and ETo,h,ASCE were in locations where strong, dry, hot winds cause advective increases in ETo. Three locations showed considerable signs of advection. Some of the differences between the timesteps was attributed to uncertainties in predicting soil heat flux and to the difficulty of ETo,d to effectively account for abrupt diurnal changes in wind speed, air temperature, and vapor pressure deficit. The ETo,h,FAO values correlated well with ETo,h,ASCE values (r(2) >= 0.997), but estimated lower than ETo,h,ASCE at all locations by 5% to 8%. This was due to the impact of higher surface resistance during daytime periods. Summing the ETo values over a weekly, monthly, or annual basis generally reduced the differences between ETo,d and ETo,h,ASCE. Summing the ETo,d values over multiple days and longer periods for peak ETo months resulted in inconsistent differences between the two timesteps. The results suggest a potential improvement in accuracy when using the standardized ASCE-PM procedure applied hourly rather than daily The hourly application helps to account for abrupt changes in atmospheric conditions on ETo estimation in advective and other environments when hourly climate data are available. C1 Univ Nebraska, W Cent Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Univ Idaho, Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Dept Civil Engn, Kimberly, ID USA. RP Univ Nebraska, W Cent Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 234 L W Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM sirmak2@unl.edu RI Payero, Jose/A-7916-2011 NR 34 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1063 EP 1077 PG 15 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 943SS UT WOS:000230375300018 ER PT J AU Covert, SA Robichaud, PR Elliot, WJ Link, TE AF Covert, SA Robichaud, PR Elliot, WJ Link, TE TI Evaluation of runoff prediction from WEPP-based erosion models for harvested and burned forest watersheds SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE GeoWEPP; model evaluation; prescribed fire; runoff prediction; timber harvest; watershed; WEPP ID GENERATION AB This study evaluates runoff predictions generated by GeoWEPP (Geo-spatial interface to the Water Erosion Prediction Project) and a modified version of WEPP v98.4 for forest soils. Three small (2 to 9 ha) watersheds in the mountains of the interior Northwest were monitored for several years following timber harvest and prescribed fires. Observed climate variables, percent ground cover soil erodibility values, and GIS-derived slope data were used to drive the models. Predictions of total yearly runoff generated by GeoWEPP (WEPP v2002.7) and the modified WEPP model were compared to total yearly runoff measured at each watershed. In addition, measured seasonal values were compared to the predictions generated by the modified WEPP model. GeoWEPP significantly underpredicted the total yearly runoff for all three sites. The modified WEPP model, with algorithm changes to account for deep percolation and subsurface lateral flow, predicted total yearly runoff for two of the three sites with an index of agreement (d) of 0.8 and 0.9 for each. The third site performed less accurately, with d = 0.3. In the seasonal runoff predictions, the modified WEPP model was most accurate for the spring months (higher runoff) but was a poor predictor for other seasons when the measured runoff rates were low. The GeoWEPP model successfully incorporates digital elevation data, but the WEPP version used to process the data does not adequately represent the hydrological processes of forests. The lateral flow modifications that were added to the WEPP model improved predictions of runoff in forests, thus suggesting that further refinement of these calculations may improve the accuracy of WEPP-based models when applied to forest environments. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Robichaud, PR (reprint author), 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM probichaud@fs.fed.us RI Link, Timothy/G-5556-2012 NR 36 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1091 EP 1100 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 943SS UT WOS:000230375300020 ER PT J AU Narasimhan, B Srinivasan, R Arnold, JG Di Luzio, M AF Narasimhan, B Srinivasan, R Arnold, JG Di Luzio, M TI Estimation of long-term soil moisture using a distributed parameter hydrologic model and verification using remotely sensed data SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE drought; evapotranspiration; NDVI; soil moisture; SWAT; Texas ID RIVER-BASIN; SWAT MODEL; WATER; VALIDATION; COVER; FLOW AB Soil Moisture is an important hydrologic variable that controls various land surface processes. In spite of its importance to agriculture and drought monitoring, soil moisture information is not widely available on a regional scale. However, long-term soil moisture information is essential for agricultural drought monitoring and crop yield prediction. The hydrologic model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to develop a long-term record of soil water at a fine spatial (16 km(2)) and temporal (weekly) resolution from historical weather data. The model was calibrated and validated using stream flow data. However stream flow accounts for only a small fraction of the hydrologic water balance. Due to the lack of measured evapotranspiration or soil moisture data, the simulated soil water was evaluated in terms of vegetation response, using 16 years of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from NOAA-AVHRR satellite data. The simulated soil water was well-correlated with NDVI (r as high as 0.8 during certain years) for agriculture and pasture land use types, during the active growing season April-September indicating that the model performed well in simulating the soil water The study provides a framework for using remotely sensed NDVI to verify the soil moisture simulated by hydrologic models in the absence of auxiliary measured data on ET and soil moisture, as opposed to just the traditional stream flow calibration and validation. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Spatial Sci Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. USDA ARS, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Narasimhan, B (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Spatial Sci Lab, 1500 Res Pkwy,Suite B223, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM balaji@neo.tamu.edu RI Narasimhan, Balaji/H-6050-2011; Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009 OI Narasimhan, Balaji/0000-0003-2609-9320; NR 40 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1101 EP 1113 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 943SS UT WOS:000230375300021 ER PT J AU Hunt, SL Hanson, GJ Cook, KR Kadavy, KC AF Hunt, SL Hanson, GJ Cook, KR Kadavy, KC TI Breach widening observations from earthen embankment tests SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE breach; dams; embankments; erodibility; erosion; flooding; headcut; overtopping; soil parameters AB In recent years, interest has risen in the occurrence and effects of overtopping on earth embankments due to the number of dams that have reached the end of their planned service life. The embankment failure process due to overtopping includes several aspects of erosion: failure of the vegetation, concentrated flow, headcut migration, and breach timing, formation, and widening. Research using large-scale physical models is on-going at the USDA-ARS Hydraulic Engineering Unit to provide a better understanding of how a breach develops over time and what variables influence breach development. Soil properties have been observed to greatly influence how a soil erodes and therefore influence the embankment erosion processes, including breach widening. The objective of this article is to evaluate the time rate of breach widening of three large-scale earthen embankment tests. The embankments were constructed of homogeneous materials ranging from silty sand to lean clay, 1.3 m in height with a 0.30 m notch through the center of the embankment. The primary erosion process of interest during these tests was breach widening. The results from these tests as well as widening data from previous embankment overtopping tests conducted at the laboratory are compared in relation to the compaction water content of the soils used to construct the embankments. Rates of widening were strongly influenced by the compaction water content. Measured soil properties are promising in characterizing the development of a breach. C1 USDA ARS, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. USDA, NRCS, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Hunt, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1301 N Western, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM sherry.hunt@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1115 EP 1120 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 943SS UT WOS:000230375300022 ER PT J AU Du, B Arnold, JG Saleh, A Jaynes, DB AF Du, B Arnold, JG Saleh, A Jaynes, DB TI Development and application of SWAT to landscapes with tiles and potholes SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE modeling; pothole; subsurface flow; SWAT; tile drainage; water quality; watershed ID AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; WATER-QUALITY; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; NITRATE-NITROGEN; GROUNDWATER; FLOW; GLEAMS; SOILS; MODEL AB SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) is a watershed model that has been incorporated into USEPA's modeling framework called BASINS used for total maximum daily load (TMDL) analysis. It is thus important that SWAT realistically simulate tile flow and pothole landscapes that are common in much of the Corn Belt and Great Lakes states. In this study, SWAT was modified to simulate water table dynamics and linked with a simple tile flow equation. Algorithms were also added to SWAT to include simulation of potholes (closed depressions), surface tile inlets, and aeration stress on plants. Flow interaction between HRUs was introduced in order to simulate pothole water The modified SWAT model (SWAT-M) was evaluated using eight years of measured flow data from Walnut Creek watershed (WCW), an intensively tile-drained watershed in central Iowa. The model was calibrated during the period of 1992 to 1995 and validated during the period of 1996 to 1999. In addition, comparisons between the enhanced version (SWAT-M) and older version (SWAT2000) of SWAT were conducted. For assessing overall performance of the SWAT models, predictions were compared to data measured at stream sites approximately at the midpoint of the watershed (site 310) and at the outlet (site 330). Nash-Sutcliffe E values for the simulated monthly flows during the calibration/validation periods were 0.88/0.82 and 0.84/0.72 at sites 310 and 330, respectively. The relative mean errors (RME) of the simulated monthly flows during the calibration/validation periods were -2%/ -1% and -18% / 10%, respectively, for the same two sites. These statistical values indicate that SWAT-M estimated both pattern and amount of the monthly flows reasonably well for the large flat landscape of WCW containing tile drains and potholes. SWAT-M needs to improve in its daily prediction because of its lower E values (-0.11 to 0.55), compared to the monthly results. In applying the model to a third site (site 210) that was predominantly influenced by tile drainage, it was concluded that the pattern and amount of simulated monthly subsurface flows (E values of 0.61 and 0.70 and RME values of 10% and -9% for the calibration and validation periods, respectively) were relatively close to the measured values. Nevertheless, SWAT-M simulation of daily subsurface flows was less accurate than monthly results. In general, the pattern and amount of monthly flow and subsurface tile drainage predicted by SWAT-M has been greatly improved as compared to SWAT2000. C1 Tarleton State Univ, Texas Inst Appl Environm Res, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA USA. RP Du, B (reprint author), Tarleton State Univ, Texas Inst Appl Environm Res, POB T-0410, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. EM bdu@tiaer.tarleton.edu NR 35 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1121 EP 1133 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 943SS UT WOS:000230375300023 ER PT J AU Fritz, BK Shaw, BW Parnell, CB AF Fritz, BK Shaw, BW Parnell, CB TI Influence of meteorological time frame and variation on horizontal dispersion coefficients in Gaussian dispersion modeling SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE atmospheric stability; dispersion modeling; Gaussian modeling; Pasquill stability parameters; plume spread; stability parameter AB The air pollution regulatory process involves the permitting of sources of regulated pollutants. This process requires sources to demonstrate that the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) are not exceeded as a result of released pollutants. A determination of a facility's compliance with the NAAQS is more frequently being based on dispersion modeling estimates rather than ambient air sampling results. Current Gaussian-based dispersion models do not adequately account for pollutant dispersion due to sub-hourly variations in wind speed and direction. This can result in overestimates of downwind concentration and consequentially require costly additional control measures or denial of a construction or operating permit. This research focuses on developing a methodology to analyze the theoretical degree of dispersion within sub-hourly and hourly intervals. The methodology employed to develop the presently used Pasquill-Gifford (PG) dispersion coefficients is explored and used in developing a new methodology for estimating theoretical dispersion coefficients based on recorded meteorological data. This comparison allowed for an appropriate application time period of the PG dispersion coefficients to be determined, which in general varied from 3 to 20 min. The most critical result of this research is that universal application of the PG dispersion coefficients to a I h time period is incorrect. This misapplication will result in concentration estimates based on insufficient plume spread, which will overestimate downwind concentrations and result in inappropriate regulation of emitting sources. C1 USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX USA. RP Fritz, BK (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM bfritz@apmru.usda.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1185 EP 1196 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 943SS UT WOS:000230375300029 ER PT J AU Funk, PA Armijo, CB Hanson, AT Samani, ZA Macias-Corral, MA Smith, GB Riordan, JT AF Funk, PA Armijo, CB Hanson, AT Samani, ZA Macias-Corral, MA Smith, GB Riordan, JT TI Converting gin and dairy wastes to methane SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE anaerobic digestion; cotton gin trash; manure; methane production; pathogen reduction AB Alternatives to gin trash and manure disposal would benefit both the cotton ginning and dairy industries. Anaerobic digestion produces both methane gas and a class A soil amendment. Gin and dairy wastes were combined in the solid phase portion of a two-phase anaerobic system to determine the combinations of temperature, rewetting interval, and mixture ratio that maximize potential methane gas production and minimize process completion time. No significant volatile fatty acid formation occurred after leachate pH approached 7.0, indicating process completion. This took approximately three weeks when temperatures were above 32 degrees C (90 degrees F), mixture ratios were below 5:1 (gin to dairy waste, dry mass basis), and the solid phase was wetted twice daily. Ten percent of the mass was converted to soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD), which has potential for conversion to methane in the second phase. C1 USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Civil Agr & Geol Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Funk, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, 300 Coll Ave,POB 578, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. EM pfunk@nmsu.edu NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1197 EP 1201 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 943SS UT WOS:000230375300030 ER PT J AU Andrade, JL Meinzer, FC Goldstein, G Schnitzer, SA AF Andrade, JL Meinzer, FC Goldstein, G Schnitzer, SA TI Water uptake and transport in lianas and co-occurring trees of a seasonally dry tropical forest SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE Panama; sap flow; soil volumetric water content; stable hydrogen isotope ratio; tropical forest trees ID CANOPY TREES; SAP FLOW; SOIL-WATER; PLANTS; STEMS; TRANSPIRATION; STORAGE; FLUX AB Water uptake and transport were studied in eight liana species in a seasonally dry tropical forest on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Stable hydrogen isotope composition (δ D) of xylem and soil water, soil volumetric water content (θ(v)), and basal sap flow were measured during the 1997 and 1998 dry seasons. Sap flow of several neighboring trees was measured to assess differences between lianas and trees in magnitudes and patterns of daily sap flow. Little seasonal change in θ(v) was observed at 90-120 cm depth in both years. Mean soil water δ D during the dry season was -19&PTSTHOUSND; at 0-30 cm, -34&PTSTHOUSND; at 30-60 cm, and -50&PTSTHOUSND; at 90-120 cm. Average values of xylem δ D among the liana species ranged from -28&PTSTHOUSND; to -44&PTSTHOUSND; during the middle of the dry season, suggesting that water uptake was restricted to intermediate soil layers (30-60 cm). By the end of the dry season, all species exhibited more negative xylem δ D values (-41&PTSTHOUSND; to -62&PTSTHOUSND;), suggesting that they shifted to deeper water sources. Maximum sap flux density in co-occurring lianas and trees were comparable at similar stem diameter (DBH). Furthermore, lianas and trees conformed to the same linear relationship between daily sap flow and DBH. Our observations that lianas tap shallow sources of soil water at the beginning of the dry season and that sap flow is similar in lianas and trees of equivalent stem diameter do not support the common assumptions that lianas rely primarily on deep soil water and that they have higher rates of sap flow than co-occurring trees of similar stem size. C1 Ctr Invest Cientif Yucatan, AC Unidad Recursos Nat, Merida 97310, Yucatan, Mexico. USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. RP Andrade, JL (reprint author), Ctr Invest Cientif Yucatan, AC Unidad Recursos Nat, Merida 97310, Yucatan, Mexico. EM andrade@cicy.mx RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; OI Schnitzer, Stefan/0000-0002-2715-9455 NR 42 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 282 EP 289 DI 10.1007/s00468-004-0388-x PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 931UD UT WOS:000229510100006 ER PT J AU Bucci, SJ Goldstein, G Meinzer, FC Franco, AC Campanello, P Scholz, FG AF Bucci, SJ Goldstein, G Meinzer, FC Franco, AC Campanello, P Scholz, FG TI Mechanisms contributing to seasonal homeostasis of minimum leaf water potential and predawn disequilibrium between soil and plant water potential in neotropical savanna trees SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE hydraulic conductance; nocturnal transpiration; plant-water relations; sap flow; savannas ID VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT; SAP FLOW; HYDRAULIC ARCHITECTURE; BRAZILIAN CERRADO; TROPICAL FOREST; BOUNDARY-LAYER; GAS-EXCHANGE; TRANSPIRATION; CONDUCTANCE; RESPONSES AB Seasonal regulation of leaf water potential (&UPsi;(L)) was studied in eight dominant woody savanna species growing in Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) sites that experience a 5-month dry season. Despite marked seasonal variation in precipitation and air saturation deficit ( D), seasonal differences in midday minimum &UPsi;(L) were small in all of the study species. Water use and water status were regulated by a combination of plant physiological and architectural traits. Despite a nearly 3-fold increase in mean D between the wet and dry season, a sharp decline in stomatal conductance with increasing D constrained seasonal variation in minimum &UPsi;(L) by limiting transpiration per unit leaf area (E). The leaf surface area per unit of sapwood area (LA/SA), a plant architectural index of potential constraints on water supply in relation to transpirational demand, was about 1.5-8 times greater in the wet season compared to the dry season for most of the species. The changes in LA/SA from the wet to the dry season resulted from a reduction in total leaf surface area per plant, which maintained or increased total leaf-specific hydraulic conductance (G(t)) during the dry season. The isohydric behavior of Cerrado tree species with respect to minimum &UPsi;(L) throughout the year thus was the result of strong stomatal control of evaporative losses, a decrease in total leaf surface area per tree during the dry season, an increase in total leaf-specific hydraulic conductance, and a tight coordination between gas and liquid phase conductance. In contrast with the seasonal isohydric behavior of minimum &UPsi;(L), predawn &UPsi;(L) in all species was substantially lower during the dry season compared to the wet season. During the dry season, predawn &UPsi;(L) was more negative than bulk soil &UPsi; estimated by extrapolating plots of E versus &UPsi;(L) to E = 0. Predawn disequilibrium between plant and soil &UPsi; was attributable largely to nocturnal transpiration, which ranged from 15 to 22% of the daily total. High nocturnal water loss may also have prevented internal water storage compartments from being completely refilled at night before the onset of transpiration early in the day. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Brasilia, Dept Bot, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Univ Buenos Aires, Lab Ecol Func, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Goldstein, G (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM goldstein@bio.miami.edu RI Franco, Augusto/B-1615-2008; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; OI Franco, Augusto/0000-0003-0869-5989; Bucci, Sandra Janet/0000-0003-1079-9277 NR 29 TC 106 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 296 EP 304 DI 10.1007/s00468-004-0391-2 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 931UD UT WOS:000229510100008 ER PT J AU Engelbrecht, BMJ Kursar, TA Tyree, MT AF Engelbrecht, BMJ Kursar, TA Tyree, MT TI Drought effects on seedling survival in a tropical moist forest SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE mortality; drought performance; irrigation; soil moisture; tropical moist forest ID EL-NINO DROUGHT; TREE SEEDLINGS; RAIN-FOREST; DESICCATION-TOLERANCE; FLORISTIC COMPOSITION; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; VIROLA-SURINAMENSIS; CLIMATIC GRADIENT; NEOTROPICAL TREE; DRY FOREST AB The amount and seasonality of rainfall varies strongly in the tropics, and plant species abundance, distribution and diversity are correlated with rainfall. Drought periods leading to plant stress occur not only in dry forests, but also in moist and even wet forests. We quantified experimentally the effect of drought on survival of first year seedlings of 28 co-occurring tropical woody plant species in the understory of a tropical moist forest. The seedlings were transplanted to plots and subjected to a drought and an irrigation treatment for 22 weeks during the dry season. Drought effects on mortality and wilting behavior varied greatly among species, so that relative survival in the dry treatment ranged from 0% to about 100% of that in the irrigated treatment. Drought stress was the main factor in mortality, causing about 90% (median) of the total mortality observed in the dry treatment. In almost half of the species, the difference in survival between treatments was not significant even after 22 weeks, implying that many of the species are well adapted to drought in this forest. Relative drought survival was significantly higher in species associated with dry habitats than in those associated with wet habitats, and in species with higher abundance on the dry side of the Isthmus of Panama, than in those more abundant on the wet side. These data show that differential species survival in response to drought, combined with variation in soil moisture availability, may be important for species distribution at the local and regional scale in many tropical forests. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Burlington, VT 05446 USA. RP Engelbrecht, BMJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, POB 2072, Balboa, Panama. EM engelbrb@bci.si.edu RI Engelbrecht, Bettina/E-9914-2012 NR 52 TC 69 Z9 78 U1 4 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 312 EP 321 DI 10.1007/s00468-004-0393-0 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 931UD UT WOS:000229510100010 ER PT J AU Franco, AC Bustamante, M Caldas, LS Goldstein, G Meinzer, FC Kozovits, AR Rundel, P Coradin, VTR AF Franco, AC Bustamante, M Caldas, LS Goldstein, G Meinzer, FC Kozovits, AR Rundel, P Coradin, VTR TI Leaf functional traits of Neotropical savanna trees in relation to seasonal water deficit SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE carbon isotope discrimination; leaf level traits; photosynthesis; stable isotope ratios; water use efficiency ID CARBON ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; TROPICAL DRY FOREST; PHOTOSYNTHESIS-NITROGEN RELATIONS; USE EFFICIENCY; CO2 ASSIMILATION; GAS-EXCHANGE; LIFE-SPAN; EVERGREEN; PLANT; LEAVES AB The seasonal savannas (cerrados) of Central Brazil are characterized by a large diversity of evergreen and deciduous trees, which do not show a clear differentiation in terms of active rooting depth. Irrespective of the depth of the root system, expansion of new foliage in deciduous species occurs at the end of the dry season. In this study, we examined a suite of leaf traits related to C assimilation, water and nutrients (N, P) in five deciduous and six evergreen trees that were among the dominant families of cerrado vegetation. Maximum CO2 assimilation on a mass basis (A(mass)) was significantly correlated with leaf N and P, and specific leaf area (SLA; leaf area per unit of leaf mass). The highest leaf concentrations of both nutrients were measured in the newly mature leaves of deciduous species at the end of the dry period. The differences in terms of leaf N and P between evergreen and deciduous species decreased during the wet season. Deciduous species also invested less in the production of non-photosynthetic leaf tissues and produced leaves with higher SLA and maintained higher water use efficiency. Thus, deciduous species compensated for their shorter leaf payback period by maintaining higher potential payback capacity (higher values of A(mass)) and lower leaf construction costs (higher SLA). Their short leafless period and the capacity to flush by the end of the dry season may also contribute to offset the longer payback period of evergreen species, although it may involve the higher cost of maintaining a deep-root system or a tight control of plant water balance in the shallow-rooted ones. C1 Univ Brasilia, Dept Bot, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Univ Brasilia, Dept Ecol, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. IBAMA, Lab Prod Florestais, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Franco, AC (reprint author), Univ Brasilia, Dept Bot, Caixa Postal 04457, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM acfranco@unb.br RI Franco, Augusto/B-1615-2008; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; Bustamante, Mercedes/H-7597-2015 OI Franco, Augusto/0000-0003-0869-5989; Bustamante, Mercedes/0000-0003-1008-452X NR 51 TC 91 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 326 EP 335 DI 10.1007/s00468-004-0394-z PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 931UD UT WOS:000229510100012 ER PT J AU Groover, AT AF Groover, AT TI What genes make a tree a tree? SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; POPLAR; PLANTS; DIFFERENTIATION; RADIATION; MERISTEM; ORIGIN AB Woody growth is evolutionarily ancient, yet has been gained and lost multiple times in plant evolution and is readily enhanced or minimized in eudicot speciation. New molecular genetic and genomic studies in Populus and Arabidopsis that are defining the genes responsible for cambium function and woody growth suggest that the genes regulating woody growth are not unique to woody plants. Surprisingly, key genetic mechanisms originally characterized as regulating the meristematic cells of the shoot apical meristem are also expressed in the vascular cambium during woody growth. This has important implications for the development of Populus as a model species and illustrates why forest trees constitute a contrived group of plants that have more in common with herbaceous relatives than we foresters like to admit. C1 Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Groover, AT (reprint author), Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 1100 W Chiles Rd, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM agroover@fs.fed.us NR 26 TC 88 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1360-1385 J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI JI Trends Plant Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 10 IS 5 BP 210 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.tplants.2005.03.001 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 931DH UT WOS:000229465500003 PM 15882652 ER PT J AU Castiglione, P Shouse, PJ Mohanty, BP van Genuchten, MT AF Castiglione, P Shouse, PJ Mohanty, BP van Genuchten, MT TI Analysis of temperature effects on tension infiltrometry of low permeability materials SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SOIL; MACROPOROSITY; INFILTRATION; FIELD; FLOW; SORPTIVITY AB Tension infiltrometers have become popular for in situ measurement of the near-saturated hydraulic conductivity as a function of the soil water pressure head. Unfortunately, fluctuating ambient temperatures can cause dramatic pressure variations due to the presence of confined air inside the infiltrometer, thereby affecting the intended pressure head to be applied to the soil surface and hence also the measured infiltration rate. This is especially true for low infiltration rates and long equilibration times typical of low permeability materials, including unsaturated fractured rock. We developed a model to analyze the effects of temperature changes on the static pressure of the confined air volume within tension infiltrometers. The model was tested using several prototype infiltrometer designs in a computer-controlled variable-temperature room. Experimental results confirmed the model simulations. For example, predicted and measured changes in the pressure head in one experiment were 11.2 and 12.5 cm following a change of 18.5 degrees C in the temperature. Using the model, we were able to optimize several infiltrometer designs that significantly reduced the undesire effects of temperature on tension infiltration results. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Montana State Univ, Land Resources & Environm Sci Dep, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Shouse, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM pshouse@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 4 IS 3 BP 481 EP 487 DI 10.2136/vzj2004.0134 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 944DB UT WOS:000230404400003 ER PT J AU Koger, CH Reddy, KN AF Koger, CH Reddy, KN TI Glyphosate efficacy, absorption, and translocation in pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biomass reduction; glyphosate tolerance; spray coverage; weed control ID SOYBEANS GLYCINE-MAX; INTERFERENCE; SULFENTRAZONE; FOMESAFEN AB Greenhouse and laboratory studies were conducted to examine the effects of site of plant exposure to glyphosate spray on efficacy, absorption, and translocation in pitted morningglory. Absorption of C-14-glyphosate in four-leaf pitted morningglory gradually increased with time from 19% at I h after treatment (HAT) to 44% at 192 HAT. The amount of C-14 translocated with time ranged from 0.4% at 1 HAT to 25% at 192 HAT. Vining I-m tall plants were controlled 75 to 100% when the top-, middle-, bottom one-third, or entire plant was treated with 1.38 or 2.76 kg ha(-1) glyphosate, with control affected more by glyphosate rate than plant section exposed to glyphosate spray. Absorption of C-14-glyphosate at 96 HAT was similar whether it was applied to the top-, middle-, bottom one-third, or entire plant of 1-m tall pitted morningglory. The amount of C-14 translocated out of the treated area (5 to 6%) did not differ whether it was applied to top-, middle-, or bottom one-third plant section. Results indicate that absorption and translocation of C-14- glyphosate in pitted morningglory was rapid and increased with time. Treating any one-third section of pitted morningglory plants was as effective as entire plant exposure, and control with glyphosate is more affected by rate than the degree of plant exposure to glyphosate. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Koger, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ckoger@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 3 BP 277 EP 283 DI 10.1614/WS-04-098R PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 930ZW UT WOS:000229456600001 ER PT J AU Davis, AS Renner, KA Gross, KL AF Davis, AS Renner, KA Gross, KL TI Weed seedbank and community shifts in a long-term cropping systems experiment SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cropping systems; density; diversity; interference; multivariate analysis; richness; seedbank; weed community ID CHENOPODIUM-ALBUM; SOIL SEEDBANK; SEEDLING POPULATIONS; ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; SETARIA-FABERI; TILLAGE; ROTATION; DYNAMICS; SIZE AB Characterizing the long-term effect of agricultural management systems on weed communities will aid in developing sustainable weed management practices. Weed seedbanks and aboveground biomass were measured within a corn-soybean-wheat crop sequence from 1990 through 2002 at Hickory Corners, MI. Four management systems were compared: conventional (CONV; full rates of N fertilizer and herbicides, moldboard tillage), no till (NT; same as CONV with no primary tillage), reduced input (RI; reduced rates of N fertilizer and herbicides, moldboard tillage, mechanical weed control, wheat underseeded with red clover), and organic (ORG; same as RI but no synthetic inputs). Multivariate ordinations of weed seedbanks showed a divergence of the CONV and NT systems from the RI and ORG systems. The CONV and NT seedbanks were dominated by grass species (mainly fall panicum and large crabgrass), whereas the RI and ORG systems were dominated by common lambsquarters and common chickweed. Within a single growing season, weed seedbanks in the RI and ORG systems were positively correlated with weed biomass whereas seedbanks in the CONV and NT system had little predictive value. Weed biomass from 1990 through 2002 showed a strong association of grass weed species with the corn phase of the CONV and NT system and common lambsquarters and redroot pigweed with the corn and soybean phases of the RI and ORG systems. Weed biomass diversity measures were negatively correlated with soybean yields in RI and ORG and wheat yields in NT, RI, and ORG. It is not clear whether crops were less competitive in the NT, RI, and ORG treatments, allowing new weed species to enter the plots, or whether less effective weed management in the NT, RI, and ORG treatments resulted in increased species richness, causing reduced crop yields. Mechanistic studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between weed community diversity and crop performance. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Wk Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. RP Davis, AS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Weeds Management Unit, N-319 Turner Hall,1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM asdavis1@uiuc.edu NR 49 TC 73 Z9 89 U1 6 U2 39 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 3 BP 296 EP 306 DI 10.1614/WS-04-182 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 930ZW UT WOS:000229456600004 ER PT J AU Gealy, DR Estorninos, LE Gbur, EE Chavez, RSC AF Gealy, DR Estorninos, LE Gbur, EE Chavez, RSC TI Interference interactions of two rice cultivars and their F-3 cross with barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in a replacement series study SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mixture proportion; natural suppressiveness; replacement series; relative; yield; C-13 isotope analysis ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; WATER-SEEDED RICE; ORYZA-SATIVA; WEED SUPPRESSION; GROWTH; CARBON; COMPETITION; GERMPLASM; ISOTOPES; ABILITY AB Barnyardgrass (BYG) has been the most frequently reported troublesome weed in rice because it is an aggressive invader, is difficult to control, and reduces yields significantly. A replacement series study was conducted to determine how a naturally suppressive cultivar (T65*2/TN 1; 'PI 312777), a nonsuppressive cultivar (Temont'), and an F-3 cross between the two ('PI 312777 X Lemont') would interfere with BYG in the southern United States. The rice cultivars did not differentially affect BYG height. The PI 312777 produced more tillers and greater shoot dry weight but was only moderately competitive (relative yield [RY]) or aggressive (relative crowding coefficient) against BYG. Competitiveness at 2:2 rice and BYG mixture proportion and replacement series illustrations on RYs for the number of tillers and shoot dry weights for the three rice cultivars indicated that PI 312777 suppressed BYG growth relatively better than the other two cultivars. Plant-for-plant, PI 312777 was more competitive than Lemont. PI 312777 X Lemont suppressed BYG relatively less than did PI 312777 and therefore would require significant genetic improvements before it is suitable for commercial use in a reduced herbicide production system. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. Univ Arkansas, Agr Stat Lab, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Gealy, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM dgealy@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 3 BP 323 EP 330 DI 10.1614/WS-04-036R PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 930ZW UT WOS:000229456600007 ER PT J AU Woeste, KE Seifert, JR Selig, ME AF Woeste, KE Seifert, JR Selig, ME TI Evaluation of four herbicides and tillage for weed control on third year growth of tree seedlings SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hardwood trees; weed management AB Azafenidin (AZ), pendimethalin, simazine, and sulfometuron (SF) were applied alone and in combination to black cherry, black walnut, eastern white pine, flowering dogwood, northern bayberry, northern red Oak, Siberian crabapple, white ash, white oak, and yellow poplar seedlings grown for 2 yr in the field. There were significant differences in diameter, height, and stem volume among the treatments for every species after the third growing season. Tillage significantly increased tree growth over controls for most species. No single herbicide treatment ranked best for all tree species but comparison of the mean ranks of the treatments for all species indicated that AZ resulted in the best growth. Post-bud-break applications of SF and AZ were no better than untreated controls for most species. Herbicide treatments did not affect tree survival over years but exhibited potential for better growth in establishment years. C1 Purdue Univ, US Forest Serv, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, USDA,N Cent Res Stn,Hardwood Tree Improvement & R, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, SE Purdue Agr Ctr, Butterville, IN 47223 USA. RP Woeste, KE (reprint author), Purdue Univ, US Forest Serv, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, USDA,N Cent Res Stn,Hardwood Tree Improvement & R, 715 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM kwoeste@fs.fed.us NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 3 BP 331 EP 336 DI 10.1614/WS-04-120R PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 930ZW UT WOS:000229456600008 ER PT J AU Krutz, LJ Senseman, SA Zablotowicz, RM Matocha, MA AF Krutz, LJ Senseman, SA Zablotowicz, RM Matocha, MA TI Reducing herbicide runoff from agricultural fields with vegetative filter strips: a review SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE adsorption; buffer strip; degradation; infiltration; leaching; microbial activity; sedimentation; simulated rainfall; simulated run-on ID SOIL-WATER INFILTRATION; FOREST BUFFER SYSTEM; COVER CROP RESIDUES; RIPARIAN FOREST; SURFACE RUNOFF; GRASS HEDGES; CONVENTIONAL-TILLAGE; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; PESTICIDE TRANSPORT; DISSOLVED ATRAZINE AB Although the effectiveness of vegetative filter strips (VFS) for reducing herbicide runoff is well documented, a comprehensive review of the literature does not exist. The objectives of this article are to denote the methods developed for evaluating herbicide retention in VFS; ascertain the efficacy of VFS regarding abating herbicide runoff, identify parameters that affect herbicide retention in VFS; review the environmental fate of herbicides retained by VFS; and identify future research needs. The retention of herbicide runoff by VFS has been evaluated in natural rainfall, simulated rainfall, and simulated run-on experiments. Parameters affecting herbicide retention in VFS include width of VFS, area ratio, species established in the VFS, time after establishment of the VFS, antecedent moisture content, nominal herbicide inflow concentration, and herbicide properties. Generally, subsequent transport of herbicides retained by VFS is reduced relative to adjacent cultivated soil because of enhanced sorption and degradation in the former. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Krutz, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jkrutz@ars.usda.gov RI Senseman, Scott/E-7714-2011; OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 106 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 45 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 3 BP 353 EP 367 DI 10.1614/WS-03-079R2 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 930ZW UT WOS:000229456600011 ER PT J AU Davis, AS Ngouajio, M AF Davis, AS Ngouajio, M TI Introduction to the symposium beyond thresholds applying multiple tactics within integrated weed managements systems SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Invas Weed Management Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Davis, AS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Weed Management Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM asdavis1@uiuc.edu; ngouajio@msu.edu RI Ngouajio, Mathieu/G-5592-2012 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 3 BP 368 EP 368 DI 10.1614/WS-04-184 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 930ZW UT WOS:000229456600012 ER PT J AU Liu, LY Skidmore, E Hasi, E Wagner, L Tatarko, J AF Liu, LY Skidmore, E Hasi, E Wagner, L Tatarko, J TI Dune sand transport as influenced by wind directions, speed and frequencies in the Ordos Plateau, China SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ordos Plateau; sand transporting winds; sand transport rate; land surface types ID KALAHARI DESERT; SALTATION; VEGETATION; SIMULATION; VELOCITY; GRAINS; ENERGY; TUNNEL AB The Ordos Plateau in China is a region with extensive wind erosion, severe desertification and various aeolian sand hazards. In order to determine aeolian sand transport in this region, the relationship between the sand transport rate and wind speed at 10 min frequencies was established by field observation in both the Qubqi Sand Desert and the Mu Us Sandy Land. Threshold wind speeds (2 in above the ground) for mobile, semi-fixed and fixed dune surfaces were estimated by field observations. The sand transport rate increased with the increase of the bare land ratio and near-bed wind speed. High-resolution meteorological 10 min average wind velocity data at 10 in above the ground were converted into velocity values at a height of 2 in to calculate sand transport potential based on three specific parameters decisive for sand transport: wind speed, duration and direction. The quantity of aeolian sand transported was calculated for various wind speed levels and directions, and the overall characteristics of sand transport on different dune surface types were determined by vector operation techniques. Sand transporting winds took place mainly in springtime. The prevailing wind directions were W, WNW and NW, with a frequency of more than 60% in total, and sand transport in these directions made up more than 70% of the total transport, corresponding to a general southeastward encroachment of aeolian sand in the study area. The relationship between wind frequency and speed can be expressed by a power function. High magnitude strong winds had a low frequency, but they played a dominant role in aeolian sand transport. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Beijing Normal Univ, China Ctr Desert Res, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. Minist Educ, Key Lab Environm Change & Nat Disaster, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Resources Sci & Technol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Wind Eros Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Hasi, E (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, China Ctr Desert Res, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM hasi@ires.en NR 36 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD APR 30 PY 2005 VL 67 IS 3-4 BP 283 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.10.005 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 929VT UT WOS:000229375400002 ER PT J AU Chung, SY Champagne, ET AF Chung, SY Champagne, ET TI Peanut polyamines may be non-allergenic SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE peanuts; polyamines; putrescine; spermidine; spermine; allergenicity; IgE ID CHEMICAL ALLERGENS; RECOGNITION; MATURATION; METABOLISM; PROTEINS; GROWTH; MILK; FOOD AB Polyamines such as putrescine, spermidine and spermine have been implicated in preventing food allergies in early life, but they have also been reported to be able to bind to immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in vitro (ie they are possibly allergenic). The objective of this study was to determine if polyamines bind in vitro to IgE antibodies from a pooled serum of five peanut-allergic individuals. Levels of polyamines were also determined by ion-exchange chromatography. Indirect and inhibition enzyme immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to determine the IgE binding or allergenic properties of polyamines. Results showed that, of the three polyamines, spermidine was predominant in peanuts. In both indirect and inhibition ELISAs, IgE antibodies did not bind to the polyamines. It was concluded that polyamines from peanuts, unlike peanut proteins, are not allergenic or an additional threat to patients who are allergic to peanuts. Published in 2005 for SCI by John Wiley P Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Chung, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sychung@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD APR 30 PY 2005 VL 85 IS 6 BP 990 EP 994 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2059 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 916SI UT WOS:000228405900015 ER PT J AU Fan, XT AF Fan, XT TI Antioxidant capacity of fresh-cut vegetables exposed to ionizing radiation SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE antioxidant capacity; phenolics; ionizing radiation; lettuce; endive ID PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; ICEBERG LETTUCE; CITRUS FRUIT; POWER ASSAY; QUALITY; ACCUMULATION; MUSHROOMS; SYSTEMS; PEEL AB The effect of ionizing radiation on antioxidant capacity, phenolic content and tissue browning of three vegetables was studied. Midrib and non-midrib leaf tissues of Romaine and Iceberg lettuce and endive were irradiated with gamma-rays at 0, 0.5, 1 and 2kGy, and then stored at 7-8 degrees C for 8 days. Antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of tissues as well as tissue browning were analyzed at 1, 4 and 8 days of storage. In general, irradiation increased the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of both tissue types of all vegetables at day 4 and day 8. The rates of the increase were higher in midrib tissues than in non-midribs, and increased with storage time. Irradiation, however, increased tissue browning of midrib tissues of Romaine and Iceberg lettuce. Our results suggest that irradiation increased nutritional quality of leafy vegetables, but some adverse visual quality changes were encountered. Published in 2005 for SCI by John Wiley T Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xfan@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD APR 30 PY 2005 VL 85 IS 6 BP 995 EP 1000 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2057 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 916SI UT WOS:000228405900016 ER PT J AU Jordan, MJ Goodner, KL Castillo, M Laencina, J AF Jordan, MJ Goodner, KL Castillo, M Laencina, J TI Comparison of two headspace solid phase microextraction fibres for the detection of volatile chemical concentration changes due to industrial processing of orange juice SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE pasteurisation; deaeration; headspace; PDMS; PA; orange juice; SPME; volatile flavour compounds ID STATIC HEADSPACE; FLAVOR COMPOUNDS; SPME AB Solid phase microextraction (SPME) with two polymeric coatings, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyacrylate (PA), was used to isolate and quantitate orange juice volatile compounds from the headspace of fresh orange juice after the finishing, deaeration and pasteurisation processes. The results from the two fibres were largely consistent. Statistically significant changes in concentration due to the deaeration process were detected for medium-volatility alcohols, hexanal and seven terpenes as measured by SPME-PDMS. However, when using the PA-coated fibre, more statistically significant changes in concentration were detected for aldehydes and esters. Alcohols and terpenes presented similar results using both polymeric coatings. The pasteurisation process did not modify the aromatic profile of the deaerated orange juice, except for methyl butyrate. These results indicate that the PA coating seemed to be more suitable for the analysis of the evolution of the orange juice aromatic fraction during industrial processing. (c) 2005 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. Univ Murcia, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Food Sci & Technol & Human Nutr, E-30071 Murcia, Spain. RP Goodner, KL (reprint author), USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM goodner@citrus.usda.gov RI Castillo, Manuel/B-3347-2009; Castillo, Manuel/F-9257-2014 OI Castillo, Manuel/0000-0001-8087-7475 NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD APR 30 PY 2005 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1065 EP 1071 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2065 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 916SI UT WOS:000228405900027 ER PT J AU Shaw, CG AF Shaw, CG TI Foreward SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Res & Dev, Vegetat Management & Protect Res, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Shaw, CG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Res & Dev, Vegetat Management & Protect Res, Rosslyn Plaza,Bldg C,1601 N Kent St, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. EM cgshaw@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR 30 PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.09.022 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 913CM UT WOS:000228128000001 ER PT J AU Szaro, RC Boyce, DA Puchlerz, T AF Szaro, RC Boyce, DA Puchlerz, T TI The challenges associated with developing science-based landscape scale management plans SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE landscape scale planning; temperate rainforest; assessments; resource analyses; risk assessment panels; information needs; Alaska AB Planning activities over large landscapes poses a complex of challenges when trying to balance the implementation of a conservation strategy while still allowing for a variety of consumptive and nonconsumptive uses. We examine a case in southeast Alaska to illustrate the breadth of these challenges and an approach to developing a science-based resource plan. Not only was the planning area, the Tongass National Forest, USA, exceptionally large (approximately 17 million acres or 6.9 million ha), but it also is primarily an island archipelago environment. The water system surrounding and going through much of the forest provides access to facilitate the movement of people, animals, and plants but at the same time functions as a barrier to others. This largest temperate rainforest in the world is an exceptional example of the complexity of managing at such a scale but also illustrates the role of science in the planning process. As we enter the 21st century, the list of questions needing scientific investigation has not only changed dramatically, but the character of the questions also has changed. Questions are contentious, cover broad scales in space and time, and are highly complex and interdependent. The provision of unbiased and objective information to all stakeholders is an important step in informed decision-making. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Tongass Natl Forest, Ketchikan, AK 99901 USA. RP Szaro, RC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mailstop 300, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rszaro@usgs.gov NR 51 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR 30 PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1-3 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.09.011 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 913CM UT WOS:000228128000002 ER PT J AU Everest, FH AF Everest, FH TI Setting the stage for the development of a science-based Tongass land management plan SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE research; regional planning; temperate rainforest; Tongass National Forest; Alaska ID SOUTHEAST ALASKA; SALMON AB This paper describes the physical nature of the Tongass National Forest, its salient natural resources, the social and economic importance of the resources, the complexity of the land management planning process, the chronology of the plan development, and the structure and function of the Pacific Northwest Research Station and Tongass National Forest planning partnership. Three features of the planning process were unique to the revision of the Tongass National Forest plan. First, a major goal was to produce a landscape-scale plan for long-term resource sustainability. Second, the 23-person planning team included six research scientists as full members. Finally, an agreement was reached between the Pacific Northwest Research Station and the Tongass National Forest to collaborate and obtain high-priority information needed for the next planning cycle. Benefits accrued to the Pacific Northwest Research Station by demonstrating the relevance of sound science in successful forest planning. Benefits also accrued to the USDA Forest Service Alaska Region in more informed, credible, and defensible decisions. Finally, benefits accrued at the national level when the process of conducting a science consistency check was incorporated into the regulations for forest planning. (c) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Everest, FH (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Sitka Campus,1332 Seward Ave, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. EM f.everest@att.net NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR 30 PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1-3 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.landurplan.2004.09.021 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 913CM UT WOS:000228128000003 ER PT J AU van Hees, WWS Mead, BR AF van Hees, WWS Mead, BR TI Extensive, strategic assessment of southeast Alaska's vegetative resources SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Alaska (southeast); inventory; forest; vegetation AB Effective natural resources management requires knowledge of the character of resources and of interactions between resource components. Estimates of forest and other vegetation resources are presented to provide managers with information about the character of the resource. Slightly less than half (48%) of southeast Alaska has some type of forest land cover, about 29% has nonforest vegetation, and the remaining 33% is barren or water. Most forest land (85%) and nonforest vegetation (77%) is managed by the U.S. Forest Service, Alaska Region (Region 10), Tongass National Forest. Estimates of change (excluding timber harvest) are presented for the forest component of the resource base. In general, forest growth exceeds mortality by a ratio of roughly 3 to 2. With the framework of the Alaska vegetation classification system (AVCS) as a basis, vegetation types were described and species richness and diversity values among the modified AVCS types were estimated. The highest species richness of vascular plants in closed forest occurs in the western hemlock-Alaska cedar type, the lowest in the Sitka spruce type. In the open forest category. the highest species richness is in the mixed conifer type and the lowest is again in the Sitka spruce type. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP van Hees, WWS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3301 C St,Suite 200, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM bvanhees@fs.fed.us NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR 30 PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1-3 BP 25 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.09.027 PG 24 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 913CM UT WOS:000228128000004 ER PT J AU Caouette, JP DeGayner, EJ AF Caouette, JP DeGayner, EJ TI Predictive mapping for tree sizes and densities in southeast Alaska SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE old-growth forests; forest structure; forest measurement; predictive mapping; stand density index; southeast Alaska; Tongass National Forest ID FORESTS; OREGON AB The Forest Service has relied on a single forest measure, timber volume, to meet many management and planning information needs in southeast Alaska. This economic-based categorization of forest types tends to mask critical information relevant to other contemporary forest-management issues, such as modeling forest structure, ecosystem diversity, or wildlife habitat. We propose the joint distribution of tree density and mean tree diameter as a more comprehensive set of forest measures. Focusing on those measures, we build a predictive-mapping model by using existing geographic information system data resources and existing,ground-sampled inventory data. The utility of our predictive-mapping model will need to be tested with additional intensive,round-sampled data and in applications that involve forest managers, planners, and biologists. Such tests will reveal the model's utility in addressing contemporary forest-management problems and information needs. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. RP Caouette, JP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, POB 21628, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. EM jcaouette@fs.fed.us NR 28 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR 30 PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1-3 BP 49 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.landurplan.2004.09.012 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 913CM UT WOS:000228128000005 ER PT J AU Barbour, RJ Zaborske, RR McClellan, MH Christian, L Golnick, D AF Barbour, RJ Zaborske, RR McClellan, MH Christian, L Golnick, D TI Young-stand management options and their implications for wood quality and other values SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE precommercial thinning; commercial thinning; sitka spruce; Picea sitchensis; western hemlock; Tsuga heterophylla; lumber; Alaska; wood supply; wood quality ID SITKA SPRUCE; GRADE YIELD; DOUGLAS-FIR; LUMBER; RECOVERY; SAWLOGS; BRANCH AB This study used the forest vegetation simulator (FVS), empirical wood product recovery information, and expert judgments to examine volume production and potential revenues for different silvicultural prescriptions grown to rotation ages of 70, 110, and 150 years. Our intention was to provide policymakers and managers with some of the information needed to evaluate the merits of extensive (custodial) and intensive (various levels of thinning) management options for young-growth forests in southeast Alaska. At rotation ages of about 70 years, a prescription that included a precommercial thinning (PCT) to 3.7 m x 3.7 in spacing at 20 years (PCT 12) produced more merchantable volume than three other prescriptions: 5.5 m x 5.5 m precommercial thinning at 20 years (PCT 18), commercial thinning to 6.1 m x 6.1 m at 60 years (CT), and a passive management prescription (PAS) with no stand tending. A combination of PCT and CT was also examined for the I I 0-year rotation. The PCT 18 prescription usually produced lower merchantable volurne than the other prescriptions and was never better than next to the last in merchantable volume production. In the longer rotations, the PAS prescription caught up with the PCT 12 prescription on both a high-productivity site (Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis] height of 27.4 in in 50 years [high site class, 90 ft]) and a low-productivity site (Sitka spruce height of 18.3 in in 50 years [low site class, 60 ft]). Wood grown under the PAS, CT, and PCT + CT prescriptions is expected to have a broader product potential than the PCT prescriptions. This should allow manufacture of higher value products from the non-PCT prescriptions. As a result, revenue per m(3) from both the CT and the PAS prescriptions surpassed the PCT 12 prescription at 110 and 150 years, but no economic analysis was conducted to examine returns on investments for the different prescriptions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97208 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20090 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Tongass Natl Forest, Wrangell, AK 99929 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. RP Barbour, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM jbarbour01@fs.fed.us NR 29 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR 30 PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1-3 BP 79 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.09.014 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 913CM UT WOS:000228128000007 ER PT J AU Hanley, TA AF Hanley, TA TI Potential management of young-growth stands for understory vegetation and wildlife habitat in southeastern Alaska SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE silviculture; forest management; even-aged forests; clearcutting; Picea sitchensis; Tsuga heterophylla ID WESTERN HEMLOCK FORESTS; SITKA SPRUCE FORESTS; OLD-GROWTH; SPECIES COMPOSITION; RED-ALDER; DEER; RIPARIAN; SITKENSIS; DYNAMICS; MICE AB I review the current state of knowledge about dynamics of understory vegetation in postlogging succession and responses to silviculture treatments in southeastern Alaska, and I derive implications for future research and development. The classic Alaback [Ecology 63 (1982) 1932] model of postlogging succession has dominated ecological thinking in the region for the past two decades. Understory vegetation is believed to increase dramatically immediately after logging but decrease to near-zero levels as the young stands attain conifer canopy closure. Depauperate understories are believed to persist for > 100 years. Early studies indicated that understory response to thinning of even-aged stands is mainly by dominant shrubs and is short-lived; response by herbs, especially forbs, is slight. Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) was identified as a potential long-lived, second layer, understory dominant in stands thinned to wide spacing. Recent studies, however, indicate three important deviations from conventional wisdom: (1) Red alder (Alnus rubra)-conifer, even-aged stands produce species-rich and high-biomass understories comparable to those of old-growth forests and much greater than similar-aged pure conifer stands. (2) "Commercial thinning" of older, even-aged stands may result in much greater understory biomass, including forbs, than previously thought, but time requirements might be longer than previously thought. (3) Extrapolation of data from small scales of research plots to large scales of timber-management stands tends to greatly overestimate stand homogeneity and underestimate understory biomass of even-aged conifer stands. The new findings provide a basis for renewed research into even-aged stand management in southeastern Alaska. 1 suggest a two-pronged approach emphasizing autecological studies of light and soil requirements of major understory species coupled with an "engineering" approach to designing optimal understory environments through silviculture. New silviculture prescriptions can be designed for specific understory objectives. Testing and application of new prescriptions is recommended at the scale of timber-management stands through adaptive management studies in collaboration between the Pacific Northwest Research Station and the Tongass National Forest. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Hanley, TA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Suite 2-A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM thanley@fs.fed.us NR 45 TC 14 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR 30 PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1-3 BP 95 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.09.015 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 913CM UT WOS:000228128000008 ER PT J AU Hanley, TA Smith, WP Gende, SM AF Hanley, TA Smith, WP Gende, SM TI Maintaining wildlife habitat in southeastern Alaska: implications of new knowledge for forest management and research SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE land-management planning; forest management; ecosystem management; forest planning; Alaska; Tongass National Forest ID NORTHERN FLYING SQUIRRELS; TEMPERATE RAIN-FOREST; OREGON COAST RANGE; BLACK-TAILED DEER; OLD-GROWTH; ALEXANDER ARCHIPELAGO; GLAUCOMYS-SABRINUS; MARBLED MURRELETS; WESTERN HEMLOCK; SITKA SPRUCE AB We review results and implications from recent wildlife studies that followed from the 1997 Tongass Land Management Plan (TLMP) and identify information needs and directions for research, development, and application. Sustained population viability of wildlife species was identified as a major issue in the TLMP planning process. Several species were identified as management indicator species, and research was conducted to determine their potential sensitivity to forest management. Southeastern Alaska was found to be a region with an especially high degree of endemism in its small mammal fauna, principally because of the combination of its archipelago geography combined with highly dynamic glacial history. Two species of endemic small mammals selected for demographic study, however, appeared to be less dependent on old-growth forests than had been suspected at the time TLMP was written: the northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) because of relatively high suitability of noncommercial, low-volume, mixed-conifer forest; and the southern red-backed vole (Clethrionomys gapperi) because of relatively high suitability of precommercially thinned young-growth forest. The northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) was found to be problematic for "management indicator" status because of logistical difficulties involved in monitoring this relatively rare, highly mobile species that frequently changes nest sites. Sampling protocols were developed for marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus), although murrelet populations do not appear to be in trouble on the Tongass. The conservation strategy of TLMP for American marten (Martes americana) appeared to be sound on Chichagof Island where marten have been studied intensively, but implications for the rest of southeastern Alaska were unclear without further work. Studies of the Alexander Archipelago wolf (Canis lupus ligoni) indicated that population density of black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and road access (to wolf hunters) were the predominant factors affecting wolf productivity and mortality, respectively. Finally, studies of bird community response to timber-harvest alternatives to clearcutting indicated that although creation of forest "edge" may increase nest predation rates, the actual response depends on a broad array of factors and is highly variable. We suggest that research, development, and application focus on plant and animal communities and management of vegetation to achieve specific objectives for wildlife habitat. We suggest that such efforts emphasize silviculture of second-growth forests, understanding old-growth reserves, distribution of endemic small mammals, and alternatives to clearcutting. Models for evaluating black-tailed deer habitat and populations are needed for subsistence-hunting management, and some work needs to be directed at interactions between tourism and selected wildlife species. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Hanley, TA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Suite 2-A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM thanley@fs.fed.us NR 89 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR 30 PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1-3 BP 113 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.09.016 PG 21 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 913CM UT WOS:000228128000009 ER PT J AU Smith, WP AF Smith, WP TI Evolutionary diversity and ecology of endemic small mammals of southeastern Alaska with implications for land management planning SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE archipelago; endemism; evolutionary diversity; island biogeography; old-growth forest; phylogeography; population viability; small mammals; temperate rainforest ID NORTHERN FLYING SQUIRRELS; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; TEMPERATE RAIN-FOREST; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; RED-BACKED VOLE; GLAUCOMYS-SABRINUS; CLETHRIONOMYS-GAPPERI; ALEXANDER ARCHIPELAGO; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST AB The dynamic geological history and naturally fragmented landscapes of southeastern Alaska create an environment with a high potential for endemism. The temperate rainforest of the region regenerates and develops slowly, and old-forest characteristics do not appear until >= 300 years following disturbance. The challenges of managing forest resources are intensified in island archipelagos because of the increased sensitivity of indigenous biota to disturbance and higher rates of extinction, especially among endemic organisms. Early expeditions of the large islands of the Alexander Archipelago ( approximate to 1% of all named islands) documented 27 endemic mammalian taxa. More recent studies with modem techniques found that some reputed endemics showed nom inal levels of genetic divergence from other conspecific populations, but more divergence existed among several taxa than was reflected in the current taxonomy. Furthermore, the mammal fauna of southeastern Alaska has a nested structure with complex phylogeographic patterns suggesting multiple colonization events. Of eight taxa examined through phylogeographic analyses. five species showed acute genetic variation and divergence in mitochondrial sequences. Four species were comprised of coastal and continental clades (i.e. populations of recent common descent), whereas the fifth species showed a third clade. Conversely. the northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) and southern red-backed vole, (Clethrionomys gapperi) were represented by relatively shallow divergent lineages. Still, G. sabrinus showed a distinct mitochondrial lineage on 11 islands (Prince of Wales Island complex), which exhibited severely reduced genetic variation. Moreover, flying squirrels in southeastern Alaska are genetically distinct from populations in the Pacific Northwest; as different as each is from the southern flying squirrel (G. volans). Recent ecological studies of endemic populations of the northern flying squirrel and the southern red-backed vole (reputed old-growth associates) suggest that risk of extirpation in managed landscapes is likely less than was presumed during recent land management planning in the region because: (1) abundant noncommercial forests apparently contribute to breeding populations of northern flying squirrels, which appear to have a more general lifestyle than populations in the Pacific Northwest; and (2) red-backed vole populations may be able to exist in managed young-growth stands that originated from clearcut logging. Still, there are essential questions for both species regarding the influence of annual population fluctuations on habitat distribution and population demography, stand and landscape features that restrict dispersal, and vegetative and structural characteristics of second-growth stands that will sustain breeding populations of both species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Smith, WP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM winston_smith@fs.fed.us NR 97 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR 30 PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1-3 BP 135 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.09.026 PG 21 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 913CM UT WOS:000228128000010 ER PT J AU Bryant, MD Edwards, RT Woodsmith, RD AF Bryant, MD Edwards, RT Woodsmith, RD TI An approach to effectiveness monitoring of floodplain channel aquatic habitat: salmonid relationships SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE aquatic habitats effectiveness monitoring; anadromous salmonids; lotic productivity ID FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; JUVENILE COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; FISH COMMUNITIES; WOODY DEBRIS; LIFE-CYCLE AB Rivers and streams that support anadromous salmonids are an important part of land management planning in southeastern Alaska and the Pacific Northwest of North America. Land managers and planners require a consistent set of protocols that include both the physical and biological aspects of the stream for effectiveness monitoring procedures to evaluate management activities in forested watersheds. We apply a quantitative method to estimate salmonid populations and link these estimates to a set of physical variables used in an assessment of channel condition at the reach scale. We are able to obtain precise estimates of juvenile salmonid populations at the habitat and reach scale; however, we find a lack of strong relationships between channel condition variables and salmonid densities. Nonetheless, a few trends appear, such as relationships between coho salmon and both pools and large wood. A significant and positive relationship exists between coho salmon fry density and two measures of pool frequency. Our results suggest that the response of fish populations to changes in the amount and quality of habitat can be measured by using the tested procedures. Complexity in habitat use, seasonal effects, and external factors tend to mask close relationships between fish populations and physical variables. We also discuss the implications for trophic status for fish populations and how this information may provide a more robust evaluation of land management activities on the aquatic biota in managed watersheds. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Bryant, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM mdbryant@fs.fed.us NR 76 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR 30 PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1-3 BP 157 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.landbplan.2004.09.017 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 913CM UT WOS:000228128000011 ER PT J AU Woodsmith, RD Noel, JR Dilger, ML AF Woodsmith, RD Noel, JR Dilger, ML TI An approach to effectiveness monitoring of floodplain channel aquatic habitat: channel condition assessment SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Review DE channel condition; aquatic habitat; effectiveness monitoring ID GRAVEL-BED RIVERS; WOODY DEBRIS; SURFACE TEXTURES; CLEAR-CUT; LAND-USE; STREAMS; CLASSIFICATION; MORPHOLOGY; FOREST; BASINS AB The condition of aquatic habitat and the health of species dependent on that habitat are issues of significant concern to land management agencies, other organizations, and the public at large in southeastern Alaska, as well as along much of the Pacific coastal region of North America. We develop and test a set of effectiveness monitoring procedures for measuring change in floodplain channel habitat in southeastern Alaska. Variables include measures of channel morphology, pool size, pool spatial density, and bed surface grain size distribution. These procedures provide methods of data collection and analysis that, in the context of a statistically defensible sampling protocol, allow for determination of rate and direction of change among different intensities of land use, and thereby evaluation of management strategies. Assessment of channel condition can also contribute to evaluation of both restoration needs and success of restoration activities. Information gained from these procedures, together with information, where available, on watershed and riparian condition and processes and land use history will contribute to interpretation of measured change and its linkage to specific disturbances. Relationships among channel condition indicators and salmonid densities as well as opportunities for future research to better understand ecosystem elements that support biologic productivity are addressed in a companion paper in this volume (Bryant and Edwards). (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Woodsmith, RD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1133 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM rwoodsmith@fs.fed.us NR 105 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR 30 PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1-3 BP 177 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.09.018 PG 28 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 913CM UT WOS:000228128000012 ER PT J AU Wipfli, MS AF Wipfli, MS TI Trophic linkages between headwater forests and downstream fish habitats: implications for forest and fish management SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE headwater streams; terrestrial invertebrates; aquatic invertebrates; riparian; salmonids; trophic linkages; forest management; altematives-to-clearcutting ID JUVENILE COHO SALMON; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES; STREAM PRODUCTIVITY; ALLOCHTHONOUS INPUT; OLD-GROWTH; FOOD WEBS; BODY-SIZE; DRY MASS; LENGTH AB This study examined the fluvial transport of invertebrates (aquatic and terrestrial) and coarse organic detritus from forested headwaters in altematives-to-clearcutting (ATC) harvest units to aquatic habitats downstream in the coastal mountains of southeastern Alaska. Fifty small streams (mean discharge 2.7 L s(-1), range 0.1-128.1 L s(-1)) representing three geographic areas (ATC installations) throughout southeastern Alaska were sampled with 250 mu m nets three times per year (April, July, September). Samples were used to assess the subsidy of energy from fishless headwaters to downstream systems containing or potentially containing fish, and to obtain preharvest data on streams for the ATC study. Invertebrates of both aquatic and terrestrial origin were captured, with aquatic taxa averaging roughly 3/4 of the total individuals sampled. Invertebrates and detritus were transported from headwaters during all sampling periods, averaging 163 mg invertebrate dry mass stream(-1) day(-1) (1.7 mg m(-3) water) and 10 g detritus stream(-1) day(-1) (0.05 g (-3) water), respectively. Based on the frequency of headwater streams in the watersheds studied, and the average amount of food delivered to downstream habitats by these streams, every kilometer of salmonid-bearing stream could receive enough energy from fishless headwaters to support 100-2000 young-of-the-year salmonids. These results illustrate that headwaters are source areas of aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates and detritus, linking upland ecosystems with habitats lower in the catchment. ATC activities are predicted to have variable effects on headwater stream productivity, and subsequent food resources for downstream salmonids. Partial canopy removal is expected to increase solar penetration to the stream and primary and secondary production within these partially harvested sites, and full canopy removal will likely reduce allochthonous inputs of leaf litter into the streams, and reduce stream invertebrate abundance. (c) 2004, Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Wipfli, MS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Inst Arctic Biol, 209 Irving I Bldg,POB 757020, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM mark.wipfli@uaf.edu NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR 30 PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1-3 BP 205 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.09.025 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 913CM UT WOS:000228128000013 ER PT J AU Crone, LK AF Crone, LK TI Southeast Alaska economics - A resource-abundant region competing in a global marketplace SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE competitiveness of the Alaska forest sector; economic changes in rural southeast Alaska; forest sector models; timber prices; market arbitrage; timber production; timber supply ID EMPLOYMENT; MULTIPLIERS AB Questions related to economics figured prominently in the priority information needs identified in the 1997 Tongass Land Management Plan. Follow-on studies in economics were designed to improve understanding of aspects of the competitiveness of the Alaska forest sector, links between Alaska timber markets and other markets as evident in prices, and the relationship between resource allocation decisions and economic conditions in communities and the region. Analysis of the role of recreation and tourism in the regional economy was added to the topics addressed, based on early results of work to describe economic dynamics. Comparisons are undertaken to evaluate the economic changes taking place in southeast Alaska, to analyze the sources of these changes, and to determine if and why they differ from the changes taking place at larger scales and those occurring in a similar rural and resource-abundant region. Divergent views regarding the current role of the Tongass in the regional economy are summarized and assessed by using contemporary evidence. A variety of factors contribute to comparative and competitive disadvantages for the forest products sector in southeast Alaska. Alaska product and log markets are effectively integrated with other markets supplied by producers in British Columbia and the Pacific Northwest. Empirical evidence suggests the need to re-examine assumptions regarding the relation between changes in "basic" sector activities and employment (such as timber harvesting and wood products manufacturing) and "nonbasic" (or support sector) employment in the rural communities of southeast Alaska. Many of the changes occurring in the economy of rural southeast Alaska are driven by changes in the international markets in which Alaskan products compete, and are largely independent of Tongass forest management. Unearned income and tourism have replaced resource-extractive industries as the principal sources of income growth in the region. The contribution of the Tongass National Forest to the regional economy has become more complex and difficult to quantify. Forest management policies that enhance the comparative advantages the region enjoys in providing both tourism opportunities and quality of life attributes will aid communities in maintaining and expanding their economic opportunities. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Crone, LK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Recreat Solut, POB 1165, Troy, MT 59935 USA. EM lcrone@fs.fed.us NR 71 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR 30 PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1-3 BP 215 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.landbplan.2004.09.019 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 913CM UT WOS:000228128000014 ER PT J AU Kruger, LE AF Kruger, LE TI Community and landscape change in southeast Alaska SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE subsistence; traditional ecological knowledge; tourism; community change; social acceptability AB Since the early 1970s, social science research has addressed issues concerning the nature and distribution of values and uses associated with natural resources. In part, this research has tried to improve our understanding of interconnections between resource management and social and cultural change on the Tongass National Forest in southeast Alaska. In 1997, scientists at the Pacific Northwest Research Station (PNW) initiated a number of social science studies in response to information gaps identified while developing the Tongass Land Management Plan. Results presented here summarize findings from studies of traditional ecological knowledge, subsistence use of natural resources, tourism trends and the effects of tourism on communities, and social acceptability of alternative timber harvest practices. Management implications are discussed along with suggestions for further Study. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Kruger, LE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau Forestry Sci Lab, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM lkruger@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR 30 PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1-3 BP 235 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.09.023 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 913CM UT WOS:000228128000015 ER PT J AU Boyce, DA Szaro, RC AF Boyce, DA Szaro, RC TI An overview of science contributions to the management of the Tongass National Forest, Alaska SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE science; sustainable management; temperate ramforest; Alaska; Tongass National Forest ID FLYING SQUIRRELS GLAUCOMYS; SITKA SPRUCE STANDS; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; WESTERN HEMLOCK; ALEXANDER ARCHIPELAGO; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; SABRINUS; BIOGEOGRAPHY; PERSPECTIVE; MICROTUS AB After 6 years of intensive study, all the research studies designed to answer the information needs identified in appendix B of the Tongass land management plan have ended, with their results published or in press. The knowledge generated from these studies not only informs the ongoing process of regional natural resource management in southeast Alaska, but also helped to define future directions for research. Topics still needing additional study include issues related to wildlife, aquatic systems and salmon habitat, silvicultural options for forest management, wood products utilization, and social science. The role of science in supporting the development of options for natural resource management of the Tongass National Forest was carefully defined and implemented in order to maintain science objectivity and impartiality. The planning processes in southeast Alaska clearly exemplify a clear example of the recognition that natural resource plans need to be founded on the best available science. The complexity of ecosystems, including the scales at which they are organized and operate, require focused research to answer key questions in tandem with management decisions. Managers want the support of science institutions to bolster the effectiveness, predictability, and credibility of their decisions. The integration of science into the decision making process is far more prevalent today than it once was and will increase in the future as we move to refine management decisions based on a continually increasing body of science on which to base those decisions. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Boyce, DA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 2770 Sherwood Lane, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM daboyce@fs.fed.us NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR 30 PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1-3 BP 251 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.lanurbplan.2004.09.020 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 913CM UT WOS:000228128000016 ER PT J AU Thoma, DP Gupta, SC Bauer, ME Kirchoff, CE AF Thoma, DP Gupta, SC Bauer, ME Kirchoff, CE TI Airborne laser scanning for riverbank erosion assessment SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE sediment pollution; laser altimetry; LIDAR; bank erosion ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; ALTIMETRY; ACCURACY; SYSTEM AB Worldwide, rivers and streams are negatively impacted by sedimentation. However, there are few broad scale techniques for quantifying the sources of sediment, i.e. upland vs. river bank erosion. This research was designed, to evaluate the use of airborne LIDAR for characterizing sediment and phosphorus contributions from river bank erosion. The evaluation was done on the main stem of the Blue Earth River in southern Minnesota. Detailed topographic data were collected on an annual basis in April 2001 and 2002 over a 56 km length of the river with a helicopter mounted Topeye laser system. The raw database included X, Y, Z coordinates of laser returns sampled from the river 2 valley with a density of 1-3.3 elevations per m(2). Uniform 1 m bare earth digital elevation models were constructed by stripping vegetation laser returns and interpolation. The two models were differenced to determine volume change over time, which was then converted to mass wasting by multiplying volume change with bulk density. Mass wasting rates were further converted to sediment load based on percentage of transportable material in the bank strata. The average difference between LIDAR measured elevations and RTK GPS surveyed elevations on 5 highway bridge surfaces was 2.5 and 8.8 cm for the 2001 and 2002 scans, respectively. The elevation errors were quasi-normally distributed with standard deviation of 6.7 and 6.1 cm for 2001 and 2002, respectively. No elevation or planimetric corrections were made to the laser data before calculating mass wasting rates because it was not possible to determine the source of error or if it was uniform within and between scans. The mass wasting estimate from the LIDAR surveys varied from 23% to 56% of the sediment mass transported past the downstream gauging station depending on the range of textural material that was entrained once in the river. These estimates are in the range of values reported in the literature. Total P contribution due to bank erosion from the river reach was estimated to be 201 t/yr. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Supercomp Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Thoma, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM dthoma@tucson.ars.ag.gov NR 32 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 4 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR 30 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 4 BP 493 EP 501 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.01.012 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 920QP UT WOS:000228705500007 ER PT J AU Lefsky, MA Hudak, AT Cohen, WB Acker, SA AF Lefsky, MA Hudak, AT Cohen, WB Acker, SA TI Patterns of covariance between forest stand and canopy structure in the Pacific Northwest SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE lidar; laser; forest; canopy; stand; regional; canonical correlation analysis ID LIDAR; BIOMASS; AREA AB In the past decade, lidar (light detection and ranging) has emerged as a powerful tool for remotely sensing forest canopy and stand structure, including the estimation of aboveground biomass and carbon storage. Numerous papers have documented the use of lidar measurements to predict important aspects of forest stand structure, including aboveground biomass. Other papers have documented the ability to transform lidar measurements to approximate common field measures, such as cover, stand height, and vertical distributions of foliage density and light transmittance. However, only a small number of existing works have thoroughly examined relationships between comprehensive assemblages of forest canopy and forest stand structure indices. In this work, canonical correlation analysis of coincident lidar and field datasets in western Oregon and Washington is used to define seven statistically significant pairs of canonical variables, each defining an axis of variation that stand and canopy structure have in common. The first major axis relates mean stand height, and related variables, to aboveground biomass. The second relates canopy cover and volume to leaf area index and stem density. The third relates canopy height variability to mean stem diameter and the basal area of deciduous species. Of the four remaining axes, three are related to contrasts between mature and old-growth stands. Canonical correlation analysis provides a method for ranking the importance of these effects, and for placing both canopy and stand structure indices within the overall covariance structure of the two datasets. In this sense, and for the study area involved, the first three factors (mean height, cover or leaf index area, height variability) represent the same kind of enhancement of lidar data that the tasseled cap indices [Crist, C.P., R.C. Cicone, 1984. A physically-based transformation of thematic mapper data-the TM tasseled cap. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 22, 256-263.] represent for optical remote sensing. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Olympic Natl Pk, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. RP Lefsky, MA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, 131 Forestry Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM lefsky@cnr.colostate.edu; ahudak@fs.fed.us; warren.cohen@oregonstate.edu; steve_acker@nps.gov RI Lefsky, Michael/A-7224-2009 NR 35 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR 30 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 4 BP 517 EP 531 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.01.004 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 920QP UT WOS:000228705500009 ER PT J AU Lefsky, MA Hudak, AT Cohen, WB Acker, SA AF Lefsky, MA Hudak, AT Cohen, WB Acker, SA TI Geographic variability in lidar predictions of forest stand structure in the Pacific Northwest SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE lidar; laser; biomass; forest; regional; inventory ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; CANOPY STRUCTURE; CLOSED-CANOPY; BIOMASS; ECOSYSTEM; OREGON AB Estimation of the amount of carbon stored in forests is a key challenge for understanding the global carbon cycle, one which remote sensing is expected to help address. However, carbon storage in moderate to high biomass forests is difficult to estimate with conventional optical or radar sensors. Lidar (light detection and ranging) instruments measure the vertical structure of forests and thus hold great promise for remotely sensing the quantity and spatial organization of forest biomass. In this study, we compare the relationships between lidarmeasured canopy structure and coincident field measurements of forest stand structure at five locations in the Pacific Northwest of the U.S.A. with contrasting composition. Coefficient of determination values (r(2)) ranged between 41% and 96%. Correlations for two important variables, LAI (81%) and aboveground biomass (92%), were noteworthy, as was the fact that neither variable showed an asymptotic response. Of the 17 stand structure variables considered in this study, we were able to develop eight equations that were valid for all sites, including equations for two variables generally considered to be highly important (aboveground biomass and leaf area index). The other six equations that were valid for all sites were either related to height (which is most directly measured by lidar) or diameter at breast height (which should be closely related to height). Four additional equations (a total of 12) were applicable to all sites where either Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) or Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensi) were dominant. Stand structure variables in sites dominated by true firs (Abies sp.) or ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) had biases when predicted by these four additional equations. Productivity-related variables describing the edaphic, climatic and topographic environment of the sites where available for every regression, but only two of the 17 equations (maximum diameter at breast height, stem density) incorporated them. Given the wide range of these environmental conditions sarnpled, we conclude that the prediction of stand structure is largely independent of environmental conditions in this study area. Most studies of lidar remote sensing for predicting stand structure have depended on intensive data collections within a relatively small study area. This study indicates that the relationships between many stand structure indices and lidar measured canopy structure have generality at the regional scale. This finding, if replicated in other regions, would suggest that mapping of stand structure using lidar may be accomplished by distributing field sites extensively over a region, thus reducing the overall inventory effort required. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Olympic Natl Pk, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. RP Lefsky, MA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, 131 Forestry Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM lefsky@cnr.colostate.edu; ahudak@fs.fed.us; warren.cohen@oregonstate.edu; steve_acker@nps.gov RI Lefsky, Michael/A-7224-2009 NR 37 TC 82 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR 30 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 4 BP 532 EP 548 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.01.010 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 920QP UT WOS:000228705500010 ER PT J AU Lefsky, MA Turner, DP Guzy, M Cohen, WB AF Lefsky, MA Turner, DP Guzy, M Cohen, WB TI Combining lidar estimates of aboveground biomass and Landsat estimates of stand age for spatially extensive validation of modeled forest productivity SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE lidar estimates; aboveground biomass; Landsat ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; DAILY SOLAR-RADIATION; DECIDUOUS FORESTS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; COMPLEX TERRAIN; USE EFFICIENCY; OREGON; CARBON; USA; FOOTPRINT AB Extensive estimates of forest productivity are required to understand the relationships between shifting land use, changing climate and carbon storage and fluxes. Aboveground net primary production of wood (NPPAw) is a major component of total NPP and of net ecosystem production (NEP). Remote sensing of NPP and NPPAW, is generally based on light use efficiency or process-based biogeochemistry models. However, validating these large area flux estimates remains a major challenge. In this study we develop an independent approach to estimating NPPAw, based on stand age and biomass, that could be implemented over a large area and used in validation efforts. Stand age is first mapped by iterative unsupervised classification of a multi-temporal sequence of images from a passive optical sensor (e.g. Landsat TM). Stand age is then cross-tabulated with estimates of stand height and aboveground biomass from lidar remote sensing. NPPAw is then calculated as the average increment in lidar-estimated biomass over the time period determined using change detection. In western Oregon, productivity estimates made using this method compared well with forest inventory estimates and were significantly different than estimates from a spatially distributed biogeochemistry model. The generality of the relationship between lidar-based canopy characteristics and stand biomass means that this approach could potentially be widely applicable to landscapes with stand replacing disturbance regimes, notably in regions where forest inventories are not routinely maintained. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forens Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lefsky, MA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, 131 Forestry Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM lefsky@cnr.colostate.edu; david.turner@oregonstate.edu; michael.guzy@oregonstate.edu; warren.cohen@oregonstate.edu RI Lefsky, Michael/A-7224-2009 NR 48 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 8 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR 30 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 4 BP 549 EP 558 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2004.12.022 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 920QP UT WOS:000228705500011 ER PT J AU Yanes, EG Miller-Ihli, NJ AF Yanes, EG Miller-Ihli, NJ TI Parallel path nebulizer: Critical parameters for use with microseparation techniques combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE parallel path nebulizer; CE; speciation; ICP-MS; Mira Mist CE; transport efficiency; carbon enhancement; aerosol ID ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; SPRAY CHAMBER; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; HIGH-EFFICIENCY; ICP-AES; SPECIATION; SELENIUM; OPTIMIZATION AB Four different, low flow parallel path Mira Mist CE nebulizers were evaluated and compared in support of an ongoing project related to the use of microseparation techniques interfaced to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the quantification of cobalamin species (Vitamin B 12). For the characterization of the different Mira Mist CE nebulizers, the nebulizer orientation as well as the effect of methanol on analytical response was the focus of the study. The position of the gas outlet on the nebulizer which consistently provided the maximum signal was when it was rotated to the I I o'clock position when the nebulizer is viewed end-on. With this orientation the increased signal may be explained by the fact that the cone angle of the aerosol is such that the largest percentage of the aerosol is directed to the center of the spray chamber and consequently into the plasma. To characterize the nebulizer's performance, the signal response of a multielement solution containing elements with a variety of ionization potentials was used. The selection of elements with varying ionization energies and degrees of ionization was essential for a better understanding of observed increases in signal enhancement when methanol was used. Two different phenomena contribute to signal enhancement when using methanol: the first is improved transport efficiency and the second is the "carbon enhancement effect". The net result was that as much as a 30-fold increase in signal was observed for As and Mg when using a make-up solution of 20% methanol at a 15 mu L/min flow rate which is equivalent to a net volume of 3 mu L/min of pure methanol. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Yanes, EG (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM enrigy@yahoo.com; miller-ihli@msn.com NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD APR 29 PY 2005 VL 60 IS 4 BP 555 EP 561 DI 10.1016/j.sab.2005.03.007 PG 7 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 937VX UT WOS:000229955200017 ER PT J AU Robinson, DG Slapcinsky, J AF Robinson, DG Slapcinsky, J TI Recent introductions of alien land snails into North America SO AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Malacological-Society CY JUN 25-29, 2003 CL Ann Arbor, MI SP Amer Malacol Soc DE alien species; Gastropoda; pests; agriculture; horticulture ID UNITED-STATES; SAMOA AB The number of alien species of terrestrial molluscs in North America continues to increase despite existing quarantine barriers. The effects of non-indigenous species on agriculture, horticulture, or the environment have yet to be ascertained, but are potentially serious. We report the recent introduction of seven species of terrestrial snails into North America. Three Eurasian species, Monacha cartusiana, Monacha syriaca, and Xerolenta obvia appear to have arrived on shipping containers. The other four species, Beckianum beckianum, Paropeas achatinaceum, Bulimulus tenuissimus puellaris, and Ovachlamys fulgens, were introduced on plant materials most likely from South and Central America. C1 USDA, APHIS PPQ, Dept Malacol, Acad Nat Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Robinson, DG (reprint author), USDA, APHIS PPQ, Dept Malacol, Acad Nat Sci, 1900 Ben Franklin Pkwy, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. EM robinson@acnatsci.org; slapcin@flmnh.ufl.edu NR 16 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MALACOLOGICAL SOC, INC PI WILMINGTON PA DELAWARE MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, BOX 3937, WILMINGTON, DE 19807-0937 USA SN 0740-2783 J9 AM MALACOL BULL JI Am. Malacol. Bull. PD APR 27 PY 2005 VL 20 IS 1-2 BP 89 EP 93 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 039RU UT WOS:000237325300013 ER PT J AU Smith, JW AF Smith, JW TI Recently recognized risk of importing the giant African snail, Achatina fulica Bowdich, 1822, and its relatives into the United States and the efforts of the US Department of Agriculture to mitigate the risky SO AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Malacological-Society CY JUN 25-29, 2003 CL Ann Arbor, MI SP Amer Malacol Soc DE Caribbean; pathways; Antillean islands; infestation ID ANGIOSTRONGYLUS-CANTONENSIS; EOSINOPHILIC MENINGITIS; ISLANDS AB An infestation of the giant African snail, Achatina fulica, was established in North Miami Beach, Florida, in the 1960s as a result of the actions of a boy returning from Hawaii with three juvenile snails in his pocket. Seven years' efforts and $700,000 were required to eradicate the snails. More recently, A. fulica and two other achatinid species have become established on some of the Caribbean islands that trade with the United States, resulting in potential new pathways for introduction of these species. The Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory (FERAL) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has prepared a pathway risk assessment to determine where resources should be allocated to prevent another infestation in the U.S. or its territories in conjunction with the recognition of these new risks. In the past, the number one pathway for importing achatinid snails into the U.S. had been considered to be deliberate smuggling of live snails in personal baggage from several countries in Africa and from Hawaii (based on data from internal USDA databases that track passengers and their possessions), but these newly recognized potential pathways from the Lesser Antillean islands of the Caribbean demonstrated a need for this new pathway and risk assessment, which is currently undergoing review, with appropriate mitigations for those pathways. C1 USDA, Plant Epidemiol & Risk Anal Lab, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Smith, JW (reprint author), USDA, Plant Epidemiol & Risk Anal Lab, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM james.w.smith@aphis.usda.gov NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER MALACOLOGICAL SOC, INC PI WILMINGTON PA DELAWARE MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, BOX 3937, WILMINGTON, DE 19807-0937 USA SN 0740-2783 J9 AM MALACOL BULL JI Am. Malacol. Bull. PD APR 27 PY 2005 VL 20 IS 1-2 BP 133 EP 141 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 039RU UT WOS:000237325300018 ER PT J AU Zhu, JY Tan, F AF Zhu, JY Tan, F TI Dynamic drainage of froth with wood fibers SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FLOTATION DEINKING; FOAM; SPRAY; MODEL AB Understanding froth drainage with fibers (or simply called fiber drainage in froth) is important for improving fiber yield in the flotation deinking operation. In this study, the data of water and fiber mass in foams collected at different froth heights were used to reconstruct the time-dependent and spatially resolved froth density and fiber volumetric concentration in the froth. The results revealed that fiber drainage is caused by water carryover. However, fiber drainage stopped in the upper part of the froth and at longer draining time because of decreased draining water flux, as indicated by a critical water flux of about 5 mg s(-1) cm(-2). As a result, some fibers were permanently trapped in the froth and were unrecoverable. These findings indicate that only the upper part of a froth should be removed in flotation deinking operations to reduce fiber yield loss. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD APR 27 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 9 BP 3336 EP 3342 DI 10.1021/ie049011h PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 919FW UT WOS:000228604800049 ER PT J AU Li, H Keller, J Knowles, DP Taus, NS Oaks, JL Crawford, TB AF Li, H Keller, J Knowles, DP Taus, NS Oaks, JL Crawford, TB TI Transmission of caprine herpesvirus 2 in domestic goats SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malignant catarrhal fever; caprine herpesvirus 2; ovine herpesvirus 2; transmission; sheep; goats ID MALIGNANT-CATARRHAL-FEVER; DEER ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; OVINE HERPESVIRUS-2; MULTIGENIC CHARACTERIZATION; SIKA-DEER; VIRUS; SHEEP; INFECTION; RUMINANTS AB Caprine herpesvirus 2 (CpHV-2) is a recently recognized gammaherpesvirus that is endemic in domestic goats and has been observed to cause clinical malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) in certain species of deer. In this study, transmission of CpHV-2 in goats was examined. A total of 30 kids born to a CpHV-2 positive goat herd were selected and divided into two groups: group I (n = 16) remained in the positive herd; group 2 (n =14) was separated from the herd at 1 week of age after obtaining colostrum. Peripheral blood samples from each kid were examined regularly by competitive ELISA for MCF viral antibody and by PCR for CpHV-2 DNA. Fifteen out of 16 goats (94%) that remained with the positive herd seroconverted and became PCR-positive for CpHV-2 by 10 months of age. In contrast, all kids (100%) that were separated from the positive herd at 1 week of age remained negative until termination of the experiment at 1 year of age. Additional transmission experiments revealed that all CpHV-2-free adult goats were susceptible to CpHV-2 or ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) infection. The data indicate that the transmission pattern of CpHV-2 in goats is similar to the pattern of OvHV-2 in sheep and that CpHV-2-free goats can be established by early separation of kids from positive herds, which has significant implications for MCF control programs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Inst, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Inst, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM hli@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD APR 25 PY 2005 VL 107 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.01.014 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 916LF UT WOS:000228385700003 PM 15795075 ER PT J AU Erickson, TA Williams, MW Winstral, A AF Erickson, TA Williams, MW Winstral, A TI Persistence of topographic controls on the spatial distribution of snow in rugged mountain terrain, Colorado, United States SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HIGH-ELEVATION CATCHMENT; WATER EQUIVALENT; FRONT RANGE; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; ALPINE SITE; MODEL; BASIN; INTERPOLATION; SIMULATIONS; VARIABILITY AB [1] We model the spatial distribution of snow depth across a wind-dominated alpine basin using a geostatistical approach with a complex variable mean. Snow depth surveys were conducted at maximum accumulation from 1997 through 2003 in the 2.3 km(2) Green Lakes Valley watershed in Colorado. We model snow depth as a random function that can be decomposed into a deterministic trend and a stochastic residual. Three snow depth trends were considered, differing in how they model the effect of terrain parameters on snow depth. The terrain parameters considered were elevation, slope, potential radiation, an index of wind sheltering, and an index of wind drifting. When nonlinear interactions between the terrain parameters were included and a multiyear data set was analyzed, all five terrain parameters were found to be statistically significant in predicting snow depth, yet only potential radiation and the index of wind sheltering were found to be statistically significant for all individual years. Of the five terrain parameters considered, the index of wind sheltering was found to have the greatest effect on predicted snow depth. The methodology presented in this paper allows for the characterization of the spatial correlation of model residuals for a variable mean model, incorporates the spatial correlation into the optimization of the deterministic trend, and produces smooth estimate maps that may extrapolate above and below measured values. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Erickson, TA (reprint author), Altarum Inst, 3520 Green Court,Suite 300, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM tyler.erickson@altarum.org NR 45 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 5 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 23 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 4 AR W04014 DI 10.1029/2003WR002973 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 922RU UT WOS:000228856500001 ER PT J AU Sharma, BK Adhvaryu, A Perez, JA Erhan, SZ AF Sharma, BK Adhvaryu, A Perez, JA Erhan, SZ TI Soybean oil based greases: Influence of composition on thermo-oxidative and tribochemical behavior SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE grease; soybean oil; vegetable oils; oxidative stability; friction AB The biodegradable properties and lubricating ability of greases depend on both the base oil and the thickener. Mineral oils are the most widely used lubricant base fluids due to their inherent lubricity and low cost, but recent environmental awareness has forced consideration of the use of biodegradable fluids such as vegetable oils and certain synthetic fluids in grease formulations. This study presents data on the thermo-oxidation behavior and tribology of biodegradable greases formulated with soybean oil and different compositions of metal soap thickener. The composition of thickener has been varied by using fatty acids with different degrees of unsaturation and fatty acids of different chain lengths. The improvement of thermo-oxidation and tribological properties as a result of changing thickener/base oil ratio and the antioxidative effect of some suitable additives have also been evaluated. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Erhan, SZ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM erhansz@ncaur.usda.gov NR 26 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 20 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 8 BP 2961 EP 2968 DI 10.1021/jf0486702 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 916TH UT WOS:000228408600027 PM 15826046 ER PT J AU Wu, XL Prior, RL AF Wu, XL Prior, RL TI Identification and characterization of anthocyanins by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry in common foods in the United States: Vegetables, nuts, and grains SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE HPLC-ESI-MS/MS; anthocyanin; 3-deoxyanthocyanidin; black bean; eggplant; pistachio; red cabbage; red leaf lettuce; red onion; red radish; small red bean; sorghum ID RED CABBAGE; ACYLATED ANTHOCYANINS; ALLIUM-CEPA; SORGHUM; APIGENINIDIN; EGGPLANT; OLERACEA; COLORS; LEAVES; L. AB Anthocyanins in common foods in the United States, other than fruits and berries, were identified and characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with diode array detection. Of all of the 40+ vegetables, nuts, and grains screened, seven vegetables, one nut, and one grain were found to contain anthocyanins; the number of anthocyanins detected varied from two in pistachio nuts to 34 in red radishes. The individual anthocyanins were identified by comparing their mass spectrometric data and retention times with those of standards, published data, and reference food samples. In all of the samples analyzed, except for sorghum, only six common anthocyanidins (delphinidin, cyanidin, pelargonidin, petunidin, peonidin, and malvidin) were found as their glycosides. Anthocyanins in certain vegetables such as red cabbage and red radish were highly conjugated with sugars and acylated groups, and thus, their structures were very complicated. Eight different either aliphatic or aromatic acylated groups (acetoyl, coumaroyl, malonoyl, p-hydroxybenzoyl, feruoyl, caffeoyl, sinapoyl, and oxaloyl) were identified in the anthocyanins. In addition to glucose, six other sugar moieties (galactose, xylose, rhamnose, rutinose, sambubiose, and laminaribiose) were observed. Three varieties of sorghum were found to contain 3-deoxyanthocyanidins and their derivatives as major anthocyanins. A number of new anthocyanins were identified in the foods studied. This paper presents complete HPLC profiles and MS spectrometric data, obtained under the same experimental conditions, for common vegetables, pistachio nuts, and sorghum that contain anthocyanins. C1 USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Agr Res Serv, 1120 Marshall St, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM priorronaldl@uams.edu NR 38 TC 253 Z9 267 U1 4 U2 86 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 20 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 8 BP 3101 EP 3113 DI 10.1021/jf0478861 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 916TH UT WOS:000228408600047 PM 15826066 ER PT J AU Wang, SY Feng, R Bowman, L Penhallegon, R Ding, M Lu, Y AF Wang, SY Feng, R Bowman, L Penhallegon, R Ding, M Lu, Y TI Antioxidant activity in lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) and its inhibitory effect on activator protein-1, nuclear factor-kappa B, and mitogen-activated protein kinases activation SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE antioxidant activity; activator protein-1; apoptosis; nuclear factor-kappa B; mitogen-activated protein kinase; neoplastic transformation; Vaccinium vitis-idaea ID RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; CELL-TRANSFORMATION; ABSORBING CAPACITY; TRANSGENIC MICE; OXYGEN; AP-1; CANCER AB Lingonberry has been shown to contain high antioxidant activity. Fruits from different cultivars of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) were evaluated for fruit quality, antioxidant activity, and anthocyanin and phenolic contents. The fruit soluble solids, titratable acids, antioxidant capacity, and anthocyanin and phenolic contents varied with cultivars. Lingonberries contain potent free radical scavenging activities for DPPHcenter dot, ROOcenter dot, (OH)-O-center dot, and O-2(center dot-) radicals. Pretreatment of JB6 P+ mouse epidermal cells with lingonberry extracts produced a dose-dependent inhibition on the activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) induced by either 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or ultraviolet-B (UVB). Lingonberry extract blocked UVB-induced phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling members ERK1, ERK2, p38, and MEK1/2 but not JNK. Lingonberry extract also prevented TPA-induced phosphorylation of ERK1, ERK2, and MEK1/2. Results of soft agar assays indicated that lingonberry extract suppressed TPA-induced neoplastic transformation of JB6 P+ cells in a dose-dependent manner. Lingonberry extract also induced the apoptosis of human leukemia HL-60 cells in a dose-independent manner. These results suggest that ERK1, ERK2, and MEK1/2 may be the primary targets of lingonberry that result in suppression of AP-1, NF-kappa B, and neoplastic transformation in JB6 P+ cells and causes cancer cell death by an apoptotic mechanism in human leukemia HL-60 cells. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Oregon State Univ Lane Cty Extens, Eugene, OR 97402 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wangs@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 20 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 8 BP 3156 EP 3166 DI 10.1021/jf048379m PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 916TH UT WOS:000228408600054 PM 15826073 ER PT J AU Rodrigues, AAR Gennari, SM Paula, VSO Aguiar, DM Fujii, TU Starke-Buzeti, W Machado, RZ Dubey, JP AF Rodrigues, AAR Gennari, SM Paula, VSO Aguiar, DM Fujii, TU Starke-Buzeti, W Machado, RZ Dubey, JP TI Serological responses to Neospora caninum in experimentally and naturally infected water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neospora caninum; water buffaloes; Bubalus bubalis; congenital transmission; antibodies; experimental; natural ID TRANSMISSION; BRAZIL AB The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is an important natural host for Neospora caninum. Serologic responses to N. caninum were studied in experimentally and naturally infected water buffaloes in Brazil. Antibodies were assayed by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) using a cut off value of 1:25. Six buffaloes were each inoculated subcutaneously with 5 x 106 live culture-derived tachyzoites of the cattle Illinois strain of N. caninum, and two calves were kept as uninoculated controls. Post-inoculation (p.i.) blood samples were collected weekly for 8 weeks and then monthly until 1 year p.i. All inoculated buffaloes developed IFAT titers of 1:100 or more between 7 and 11 days p.i. and the titers remained elevated until 7 weeks p.i. Antibody titers peaked to 1:1600 in 1, 1:800 in 3 and 1:400 in 2, usually by 3 weeks p.i. Antibody titers declined to 1:25 or 1:50 in all the six buffaloes by 12 months p.i. IFAT titers to N. caninum remained at an undetectable level (< 1:25) in both control uninoculated buffaloes. To follow the dynamics of N. caninum antibodies, sera from 29 buffaloes and their calves were collected for 1 year and assayed for N. caninum antibodies; 23 of 29 calves were seropositive (IFAT of 1:100 or more) at 1-2 day of age. Of these 23 calves, 17 remained seropositive during the study, while six became seronegative at four (two calves), six (one calf) seven (two calves) and eight (one calf) months of age. These findings suggest a high rate of neonatal transmission of N. caninum in buffaloes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Unidade Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento Registro, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Biol & Zootecn, Fac Engn, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agrarias & Vet, Dept Patol Vet, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, 10300 Baltimore,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E Bldg 100, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Machado, Rosangela/C-4850-2012; Starke-Buzetti, Wilma/D-9217-2012; Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012; Aguiar, Daniel/F-1268-2013 OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277; Aguiar, Daniel/0000-0001-8631-522X NR 9 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD APR 20 PY 2005 VL 129 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.12.024 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 919EH UT WOS:000228600600003 PM 15817198 ER PT J AU Foil, LD Guerrero, F Alison, MW Kimball, MD AF Foil, LD Guerrero, F Alison, MW Kimball, MD TI Association of the kdr and superkdr sodium channel mutations with resistance to pyrethroids in Louisiana populations of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (L.) SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PCR; resistance mechanism; sodium channel; mutation; Haematobia irritans (L.) ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; KNOCKDOWN RESISTANCE; FLIES DIPTERA; EAR TAG; MUSCIDAE; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; INSECTICIDES; METABOLISM AB Pyrethroid resistance in three horn fly populations in Louisiana was monitored by weekly fly counts, filter paper bioassays, and diagnostic PCR assays for the presence of pyrethroid resistance-associated mutations in the sodium channel gene coding region. The PCR assay for the knockdown resistance (kdr) and superkdr sodium channel mutations was used to determine the frequency of the target site insensitivity mechanism in the populations of horn flies, which possessed varying degrees of insecticide resistance. The bioassays and frequency of homozygous-resistant (RR) kdr genotypes were relative predictors of the fly control subsequently observed. Flies exposed to filter paper impregnated with a discriminating concentration of one of four different insecticides were collected when 50% mortality was estimated. Genotypes for the dead flies and the survivors were determined by the PCR assay. The results of the PCR assays indicated that the genotype at the kdr locus of the flies exposed to the two pyrethroids had an effect upon whether the flies were considered to be alive or dead at the time of collection. The kdr genotype of flies exposed to either diazinon or doramectin was unrelated to whether the flies were considered to be alive or dead, except for a single comparison of flies exposed to diazinon. When possible interactions of the kdr and superkdr mutations were compared, we found that there were no associations with the response to diazinon and doramectin. For one location, there were no survivors of the 75 flies with the SS-SS (superkdr-kdr) homozygous susceptible wild type genotype exposed to pyrethroids, while there were survivors in all of the other five genotypes. The SS-RR genotype flies were more susceptible to the pyrethroids than the SR-RR flies, but that was not the case for exposure to diazinon or doramectin. In the St. Joseph population, there were an adequate number of flies to demonstrate that the SS-SR genotype was more susceptible to pyrethroids than the SS-RR and that flies with the SR-SR genotype were more susceptible to pyrethroids than the flies with the SR-RR genotype. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, NE Res Stn, Winnsboro, LA 71295 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Agr Ctr, Red River Res Stn, Bossier City, LA 71113 USA. RP Foil, LD (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, 402 Life Sci Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM lfoil@agctr.lsu.edu NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD APR 20 PY 2005 VL 129 IS 1-2 BP 149 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.01.007 PG 10 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 919EH UT WOS:000228600600020 PM 15817215 ER PT J AU Rexroad, CE Rodriguez, MF Coulibaly, I Gharbi, K Danzmann, RG DeKoning, J Phillips, R Palti, Y AF Rexroad, CE Rodriguez, MF Coulibaly, I Gharbi, K Danzmann, RG DeKoning, J Phillips, R Palti, Y TI Comparative mapping of expressed sequence tags containing microsatellites in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; UPPER TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; LINKAGE MAP; ATLANTIC SALMON; CDNA LIBRARY; RECOMBINATION RATES; SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; MARKERS; RESISTANCE AB Background: Comparative genomics, through the integration of genetic maps from species of interest with whole genome sequences of other species, will facilitate the identification of genes affecting phenotypes of interest. The development of microsatellite markers from expressed sequence tags will serve to increase marker densities on current salmonid genetic maps and initiate in silico comparative maps with species whose genomes have been fully sequenced. Results: Eighty-nine polymorphic microsatellite markers were generated for rainbow trout of which at least 74 amplify in other salmonids. Fifty-five have been associated with functional annotation and 30 were mapped on existing genetic maps. Homologous sequences were identified for 20 of the EST containing microsatellites to identify comparative assignments within the tetraodon, mouse, and/or human genomes. Conclusion: The addition of microsatellite markers constructed from expressed sequence tag data will facilitate the development of high-density genetic maps for rainbow trout and comparative maps with other salmonids and better studied species. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Zool, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. RP Rexroad, CE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM crexroad@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov; frodriguez@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov; icoulibaly@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov; kgharbi@uoguelph.ca; rdanzman@uoguelph.ca; dekoning@vancouver.wsu.edu; phllipsr@vancouver.wsu.edu; ypalti@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov RI Gharbi, Karim/C-5771-2012 OI Gharbi, Karim/0000-0003-1092-4488 NR 42 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD APR 18 PY 2005 VL 6 AR 54 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-6-54 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 923RW UT WOS:000228928000001 PM 15836796 ER PT J AU Parrotta, JA Hawkins, C O'Hara, K Maitre, HF AF Parrotta, JA Hawkins, C O'Hara, K Maitre, HF TI Special issue - Silvicultural research in a changing world - Foreword SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Parrotta, JA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 4th Floor RP-C,1601 N Kent St, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. EM jparrotta@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 18 PY 2005 VL 209 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.01.033 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 917YF UT WOS:000228504600001 ER PT J AU Graham, RT Jain, TB AF Graham, RT Jain, TB TI Application of free selection in mixed forests of the inland northwestern United States SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Meeting the Challenge - Silvicultural Research in a Changing World CY JUN 14-18, 2004 CL Montpellier, FRANCE SP Int Union Forest Res Org, Div 1, CIRAD Foret, INRA, USDA Forest Serv DE silvicultural systems; restoration; urban inter-face; uneven-aged systems ID SOUTHWESTERN PONDEROSA PINE; FIR FORESTS; DISTURBANCES; LANDSCAPES; STAND AB Forest management objectives continue to evolve as the desires and needs of society change. The practice of silviculture has risen to the challenge by supplying silvicultural methods and systems to produce desired stand and forest structures and compositions to meet these changing objectives. For the most part, the practice of silviculture offers a robust set of procedures well suited for the timely and efficient production of timber crops, but often leaving simplified forests that do not necessarily reflect historical conditions, do neither provide a full range of wildlife habitats, nor provide a sense of place for many different forest users. We propose a silvicultural system that we call "free selection". This multi-entry, uneven-aged system is intended for use in forests in which the remaining structure and composition is paramount. It is well suited for restoring the old-growth character of forests as well as reducing the risk of wildfire within the urban interface. Rather than using precise stand structural guidelines to define the stand treatments, we suggest that a well articulated "vision" of the immediate and desired future conditions is used to guide the planning and control the marking. This vision accounts for the interaction of all components of a forest from below ground to the high forest canopy. It relies on an integrated ecological view of how forests function. We have applied free selection guided by such a vision in both the moist (Thuja plicata Donn. ex D. Don, Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl., Tsuga heterophylla [Raf.] Sarg.) forests of northern Idaho to reduce the risk of wildfire damaging historical buildings and in the dry (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) forests of southern Idaho to restore their old-growth character. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID USA. RP Graham, RT (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main, Moscow, ID USA. EM rtgraham@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 18 PY 2005 VL 209 IS 1-2 BP 131 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.01.019 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 917YF UT WOS:000228504600011 ER PT J AU Richards, GP Parveen, S AF Richards, GP Parveen, S TI A survey for phosphoglucose isomerase with lysyl aminopeptidase activity in Vibrionaceae and non-Vibrio pathogens SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE PGI; glucose-6-phosphate isomerase; phosphohexose isomerase; lysyl aminopeptidase; kinin; Vibrio ID MICROBIAL PROTEINASES; VULNIFICUS PROTEASE; FLUOROGENIC ASSAY; RAPID DETECTION; KININ; NEUROLEUKIN; GENERATION; BRADYKININ; PARAHAEMOLYTICUS; PURIFICATION AB Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) with a novel lysyl aminopeptidase (LysAP) activity was recently purified and characterized from vibrio vulnificus. We showed that it cleaves the amino-terminal lysyl residue from des-Arg(10)-kallidin to produce des-Arg(9)-bradykinin, suggesting that it plays a role in virulence. A survey was conducted to determine the presence of this potential virulence-enhancing enzyme among twenty-three halotolerant human and fish pathogens from eleven species within the Vibrionaceae family, including V vulnificus, V parahaemolyticus, V cholerae, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Plesiomonas shigelloides. In addition, fourteen species of non-Vibrionaceac pathogens were screened for LysAP activity. Cell lysates were partially purified by anion exchange chromatography and fractions were screened for LysAP and isomerase activities. PGI-LysAP activity was detected in chromatographic fractions from all the Vibrio species tested, but was not detected in any of the non-Vibrionaceae pathogens. Levels of isomerase and LysAP activity correlated (R-2=0.92) for nine strains of V vulnificus. Since the Vibrionaceae represent an important family of human and fish pathogens, our identification of PGI-LysAP activity in a broad array of vibrios may lead to the development of improved analytical methods for their identification as well as interventions to reduce the high morbidity and mortality associated with some Vibrionaceae infections in clinical, veterinary, and aquaculture settings. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Delaware, USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Dover, DE 19901 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Agr & Nat Resources, Dover, DE 19901 USA. RP Richards, GP (reprint author), Univ Delaware, USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Dover, DE 19901 USA. EM grichard@desu.edu NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-9639 J9 BBA-PROTEINS PROTEOM JI BBA-Proteins Proteomics PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 1748 IS 1 BP 128 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.bbapap.2004.12.013 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 907RI UT WOS:000227735200016 PM 15752701 ER PT J AU Rose, JR Turkett, WH Oroian, IC Laegreid, WW Keele, J AF Rose, JR Turkett, WH Oroian, IC Laegreid, WW Keele, J TI Correlation of amino acid preference and mammalian viral genome type SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article AB Motivation: In the event of an outbreak of a disease caused by an initially unknown pathogen, the ability to characterize anonymous sequences prior to isolation and culturing of the pathogen will be helpful. We show that it is possible to classify viral sequences by genome type (dsDNA, ssDNA, ssRNA positive strand, ssRNA negative strand, retroid) using amino acid distribution. Results: In this paper we describe the results of analysis of amino acid preference in mammalian viruses. The study was carried out at the genome level as well as two shorter sequence levels: short (300 amino acids) and medium length (660 amino acids). The analysis indicates a correlation between the viral genome types dsDNA, ssDNA, ssRNA positive strand, ssRNA negative strand and retroid and amino acid preference. We investigated three different models of amino acid preference. The simplest amino acid preference model, 1-AAP, is a normalized description of the frequency of amino acids in genomes of a viral genome type. A slightly more complex model is the ordered pair amino acid preference model (2-AAP), which characterizes genomes of different viral genome types by the frequency of ordered pairs of amino acids. The most complex and accurate model is the ordered triple amino acid preference model (3-AAP), which is based on ordered triples of amino acids. The results demonstrate that mammalian viral genome types differ in their amino acid preference. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Rose, JR (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM rose@cse.sc.edu NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1349 EP 1357 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/bti174 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 916QX UT WOS:000228401800010 PM 15572467 ER PT J AU Crane, CF Crane, YM AF Crane, CF Crane, YM TI A nearest-neighboring-end algorithm for genetic mapping SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; MAPS; RADIATION; REARRANGEMENTS; HYBRIDIZATION; POLYMORPHISM; CHROMOSOMES; GENOME AB Motivation: High-throughput methods are beginning to make possible the genotyping of thousands of loci in thousands of individuals, which could be useful for tightly associating phenotypes to candidate loci. Current mapping algorithms cannot handle so many data without building hierarchies of framework maps. Results: A version of Kruskal's minimum spanning tree algorithm can solve any genetic mapping problem that can be stated as marker deletion from a set of linkage groups. These include backcross, recombinant inbred, haploid and double-cross recombinational populations, in addition to conventional deletion and radiation hybrid populations. The algorithm progressively joins linkage groups at increasing recombination fractions between terminal markers, and attempts to recognize and correct erroneous joins at peaks in recombination fraction. The algorithm is O (mn(3)) for m individuals and n markers, but the mean run time scales close to mn(2). It is amenable to parallel processing and has recovered true map order in simulations of large backcross, recombinant inbred and deletion populations with up to 37 005 markers. Simulations were used to investigate map accuracy in response to population size, allelic dominance, segregation distortion, missing data and random typing errors. It produced accurate maps when marker distribution was sufficiently uniform, although segregation distortion could induce translocated marker orders. The algorithm was also used to map 1003 loci in the F-7 ITMI population of bread wheat, Triticum aestivum L. emend Thell., where it shortened an existing standard map by 16%, but it failed to associate blocks of markers properly across gaps within linkage groups. This was because it depends upon the rankings of recombination fractions at individual markers, and is susceptible to sampling error, typing error and joint selection involving the terminal markers of nearly finished linkage groups. Therefore, the current form of the algorithm is useful mainly to improve local marker ordering in linkage groups obtained in other ways. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Crane, CF (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ccrane@purdue.edu NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1579 EP 1591 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/bti164 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 916QX UT WOS:000228401800043 PM 15564296 ER PT J AU Shwiff, SA Sterner, RT Turman, JW Foster, BD AF Shwiff, SA Sterner, RT Turman, JW Foster, BD TI Ex post economic analysis of reproduction-monitoring and predator-removal variables associated with protection of the endangered California least tern SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE endangered species; California least tern; predator management; reproduction monitoring; regression analysis; economics ID WILDLIFE AB Important nest sites for the endangered California least tern remain at the U.S. Marine Corps Base, Camp Pendleton, CA; these terns comprise approximately 17% of the state's breeding population. This paper presents an empirical analysis of annual, fixed-cost budgets expended for reproduction-monitoring and predator-removal activities to protect this shorebird. The ex post study covered the inclusive 7-year period between 1995 and 2001. Separate regression analyses were computed using 15 biological (X-B), economic (X-E), and meteorological (X-M) variables. In separate analyses, 14 of these variables served as independent variables to predict each of four dependent term observation variables (i.e., Y-nests Y-eggs, Y-fledglings, and Y-adults), with certain variables "lagged' (i.e., regressed after fixed intervals) to compensate for delayed effects of predator management. Mean net current annual reproduction-monitoring and predator-removal budgets were US$80,115 and US$78,178, respectively; annual fiscal data were converted to "proxy" variables of personnel time (h) for analysis of economic effects. Mean time spent in reproduction-monitoring (3.12 h/day) and predator-removal activities (6.96 h/day) differed greatly. Expenditures for both reproduction-monitoring and predator-removal staff hours were associated with greater counts of tern eggs and adults, with increased monitoring hours predictive of finding more tern nests and fledglings and increased predator-removal hours linked with fewer fledgling counts. No meteorological variables predicted any dependent variable. Economic issues involved in recovery of threatened and endangered species (TS/ES) are discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Wildlife Serv, USDA, El Cajon, CA 92021 USA. Zool Soc San Diego, San Diego, CA 92112 USA. RP Shwiff, SA (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM stephanie.a.shwiff@aphis.usda.gov NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 2 BP 277 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.08.008 PG 11 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 928LZ UT WOS:000229274400009 ER PT J AU Tamplin, ML Paoli, G Marmer, BS Phillips, J AF Tamplin, ML Paoli, G Marmer, BS Phillips, J TI Models of the behavior of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in raw sterile ground beef stored at 5 to 46 degrees C SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Predictive Modelling in Foods CY JUN 15-19, 2003 CL Quimper, FRANCE SP Univ Bretagne Occidentale, LUMAQ, Technopole Quimper Cornouaille, ADRIA, Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Chem Engn, BioTeC, Conseil Reg Bretagne, Conseil Gen Finistere, Quimper Communaute, SIGMA PLUS DE E. coli O157 : H7; ground beef; models ID BACTERIAL-GROWTH; PREDICTIVE MODELS; FOOD; TEMPERATURES; STRAINS; O157H7 AB Escherichia coli O157:H7 can contaminate raw ground beef and cause serious human foodborne illness. Previous reports describe the behavior of E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef under different storage conditions; however, models are lacking for the pathogen's behavior in raw ground beef stored over a broad range of temperature. Using sterile irradiated raw ground beef, the behavioral kinetics of 10 individual E. coli O157:H7 strains and/or a 5- or 10-strain cocktail were measured at storage temperatures from 5 degrees to 46 degrees C. Growth occurred from 6 to 45 degrees C. Although lag phase duration (LPD) decreased from 10.5 to 45 degrees C, no lag phase was observed at 6, 8, or 10 degrees C. The specific growth rate (SGR) increased from 6 to 42 degrees C then declined up to 45 degrees C. In contrast to these profiles, the maximum population density (MPD) declined with increasing temperature, from approximately 9.7 to 8.2 log cfu/g. Bias (B(f)) and accuracy (At) factors for an E. coli O157:H7 broth-based aerobic growth model (10 to 42 degrees C applied to the observations in ground beef were 1.05, 2.70, 1.00 and 1.29, 2.87, 1.03, for SGR, LPD and MPD, respectively. New secondary models increased the accuracy of predictions (5 to 45 degrees C), with B(f) and A(f) for SGR, LPD, and MPD of 1.00, 1.06, and 1.00 and 1.14, 1.33, and 1.02, respectively. These new models offer improved tools for designing and implementing food safety systems and assessing the impact of E. coli O157:H7 disease. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 United States Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Decisional Risk Consultants Inc, Ottawa, ON, Canada. United State Dept Agr, N Atlantic Area, Agr Res Serv, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Tamplin, ML (reprint author), United States Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mtamplin@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 100 IS 1-3 BP 335 EP 344 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.10.029 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 926XM UT WOS:000229157000031 PM 15854716 ER PT J AU Heaton, MP Keen, JE Clawson, ML Harhay, GP Bauer, N Shultz, C Green, BT Durso, L Chitko-McKown, CG Laegreid, WW AF Heaton, MP Keen, JE Clawson, ML Harhay, GP Bauer, N Shultz, C Green, BT Durso, L Chitko-McKown, CG Laegreid, WW TI Use of bovine single nucleotide polymorphism markers to verify sample tracking in beef processing SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DNA; IDENTIFICATION; CATTLE; SNP AB Objective-To determine whether a selected set of 20 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived from beef cattle populations can be used to verify sample tracking in a commercial slaughter facility that processes primarily market (ie, culled) dairy cows. Design-Prospective, blinded validation study. Animals-165 cows and 3 bulls from 18 states (82% Holstein, 8% other dairy breeds, and 10% beef breeds). Procedure-Blood was collected by venipuncture from randomly chosen animals just prior to slaughter. The purported corresponding liver samples were collected during beef processing, and genotype profiles were obtained for each sample. Results-On the basis of SNP allele frequencies in these cattle, the mean probability that 2 randomly selected individuals would possess identical genotypes at all 20 loci was 4.3 x 10(-8). Thus, the chance of a coincidental genotype match between 2 animals was 1 in 23 million. Genotype profiles confirmed appropriate matching for 152 of the 168 (90.5%) purported blood-liver sample pairs and revealed mismatching for 16 (9.5%) pairs. For the 16 mismatched sample pairs, 33% to 76% of the 20 SNP genotypes did not match (mean, 52%). Discordance that could be attributed to genotyping error was estimated to be < 1% on the basis of results for split samples. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results suggest that this selected set of 20 bovine SNP markers is sufficiently informative to verify accuracy of sample tracking in slaughter plants that process beef or dairy cattle. These or similar SNP markers may facilitate high-throughput, DNA-based, traceback programs designed to detect drug residues in tissues, control of animal diseases, and enhance food safety. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Heaton, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, State Spur 18D,POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. OI Clawson, Michael/0000-0002-3355-5390 NR 10 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 226 IS 8 BP 1311 EP 1314 DI 10.2460/javma.2005.226.1311 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 915XT UT WOS:000228345600022 PM 15844419 ER PT J AU Kile, JC Panella, NA Komar, N Chow, CC MacNeil, A Robbins, B Bunning, ML AF Kile, JC Panella, NA Komar, N Chow, CC MacNeil, A Robbins, B Bunning, ML TI Serologic survey of cats and dogs during an epidemic of West Nile virus infection in humans SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CANCER-RISK; PET DOGS; NEW-YORK; SENTINELS; DIROFILARIASIS; ENCEPHALITIS AB Objective-To estimate West Nile virus (WNV) infection rates, assess environmental variables that correlated with seropositivity in dogs and cats, and assess whether pets should be considered as possible sentinels for WNV and therefore of potential human exposure. Design-Cross-sectional serosurvey. Animals-442 dogs and 138 cats. Procedure-Serum samples were screened for seropositivity against WNV by use of the plaque reduction neutralization test. Results-116 (26%) dogs and 13 (9%) cats yielded positive results. The odds of seropositivity against WNV for outdoor-only family dogs were almost 19 times as great as those for indoor-only family dogs and almost twice as great for stray dogs as for family dogs. Family dogs not receiving heartworm medication were 2.5 times as likely to yield positive results for antibodies against WNV as family dogs receiving heartworm medication. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Seropositivity was greater for outdoor family dogs than for indoor family dogs. Further investigation of the potential use of stray dogs as sentinel indicators for WNV infection and the potential risk of human exposure is warranted. C1 CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. St Tammany Parish Dept Anim Serv, Abita Springs, LA 70420 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Landmark Ctr, Omaha, NE 68102 USA. RP Kile, JC (reprint author), CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd SE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 226 IS 8 BP 1349 EP 1353 DI 10.2460/javma.2005.226.1349 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 915XT UT WOS:000228345600032 PM 15844427 ER PT J AU Huang, LP Kirschke, CP Zhang, YF Yu, YY AF Huang, LP Kirschke, CP Zhang, YF Yu, YY TI The ZIP7 gene (Slc39a7) encodes a zinc transporter involved in zinc homeostasis of the Golgi apparatus SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ACRODERMATITIS-ENTEROPATHICA; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; CONFERS RESISTANCE; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; CLONING; MOUSE; CELLS; DEFICIENCY AB It has been suggested that ZIP7 (Ke4, Slc39a7) belongs to the ZIP family of zinc transporters. Transient expression of the V5-tagged human ZIP7 fusion protein in CHO cells led to elevation of the cytoplasmic zinc level. However, the precise function of ZIP7 in cellular zinc homeostasis is not clear. Here we report that the ZIP7 gene is ubiquitously expressed in human and mouse tissues. The endogenous ZIP7 was associated with the Golgi apparatus and was capable of transporting zinc from the Golgi apparatus into the cytoplasm of the cell. Moreover, by using the yeast mutant strain Delta zrt3 that was defective in release of stored zinc from vacuoles, we found that ZIP7 was able to decrease the level of accumulated zinc and in the meantime to increase the nuclear/cytoplasmic labile zinc level in the ZIP7-expressing zrt3 mutant. We showed that the protein expression of ZIP7 was repressed under zinc-rich condition, whereas there were no effects of zinc on ZIP7 gene expression and intracellular localization. Neither did zinc deficiency affect the intracellular distribution of ZIP7 in mammalian cells. Our study demonstrates that ZIP7 is a functional zinc transporter that acts by transporting zinc from the Golgi apparatus to the cytoplasm of the cell. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Rowe Program Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Huang, LP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Rowe Program Genet, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lhuang@whnrc.usda.gov NR 40 TC 96 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 280 IS 15 BP 15456 EP 15463 DI 10.1074/jbc.M412188200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 914OI UT WOS:000228236800133 PM 15705588 ER PT J AU Shirota, H Gursel, I Gursel, M Klinman, DM AF Shirota, H Gursel, I Gursel, M Klinman, DM TI Suppressive oligodeoxynucleotides protect mice from lethal endotoxic shock SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; INDUCED IMMUNE ACTIVATION; STIMULATORY CPG MOTIFS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; GENE-EXPRESSION; BACTERIAL-DNA; INDUCED ARTHRITIS; B-CELLS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; MURINE AB Endotoxic shock is a life-threatening condition caused by exposure to bacterial LPS. LPS triggers the release of acute phase, proinflammatory, and Th1 cytokines that facilitate the development of endotoxic shock. Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) expressing suppressive TTAGGG motifs effectively down-regulate the production of proinflammatory and Th1 cytokines elicited by a variety of immune stimuli. The current results demonstrate that suppressive ODN protect mice from LPS-induced endotoxic shock. Underlying this protective effect is the ability of suppressive ODN to bind to and prevent the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT4, thereby blocking the signaling cascade mediated by LPS-induced IFN-beta and IL-12. These findings suggest that suppressive ODN might be of use in the treatment of endotoxic shock. C1 USDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Sect Retroviral Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Klinman, DM (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Sect Retroviral Immunol, Bldg 29A,Room 3D 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM klinman@cber.fda.gov RI Gursel, Mayda /H-1812-2012; OI Gursel, Ihsan/0000-0003-3761-1166 NR 42 TC 60 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 174 IS 8 BP 4579 EP 4583 PG 5 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 914NN UT WOS:000228234600019 PM 15814679 ER PT J AU Bett-Garber, KL Lamikanra, O Lester, GE Ingram, DA Watson, MA AF Bett-Garber, KL Lamikanra, O Lester, GE Ingram, DA Watson, MA TI Influence of soil type and storage conditions on sensory qualities of fresh-cut cantaloupe (Cucumis melo) SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE flavour; texture; cantaloupe; fresh-cut; peroxidase; storage temperature; descriptive analysis; soil type ID SHELF-LIFE; ASCORBIC-ACID; FRUIT SIZE; SLICES; TEMPERATURE; PEROXIDASE; PHYSIOLOGY; CULTIVARS; RIPENESS; MANGO AB On-farm cantaloupe (Cucumis melo) production as well as fresh-cut storage duration can affect postharvest fruit sensory attributes. Both effects of soil type during production of cantaloupe fruits and storage temperature after fresh-cut processing on sensory flavour and texture attributes were determined. Melons grown in sandy loam vs heavy clay soil were lower in sweet aromatic and sweet taste and higher in moisture release and fermented flavour. Fruity/melon, sweet aromatic, surface wetness, hardness and moisture release attributes decreased while fermented and sour flavour increased during storage regardless of soil type. During storage an increase in peroxidase activity occurred in fruits produced in sandy loam soil but decreased in fruits produced in clay soil. Clay soil appeared to have some advantages over sandy loam soil in producing cantaloupe fruits with better sensory quality attributes. Storage temperature conditions in this experiment (4 degrees C for 10 days or 4 degrees C for 4 days plus 10 degrees C for 6 days) did not have a statistically significant effect on these sensory attributes. Published in 2004 for SCI by John Wiley O Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Bett-Garber, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM kbett@srrc.ars.usda.gov OI Bett-Garber, Karen/0000-0002-1453-2759 NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 85 IS 5 BP 825 EP 830 DI 10.1002/jsfa.1970 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 907BS UT WOS:000227690600015 ER PT J AU Willett, JL Felker, FC AF Willett, JL Felker, FC TI Tensile yield properties of starch-filled poly(ester amide) materials SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE starch; composites; fillers ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BIODEGRADABLE BLENDS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPOSITES; POLYMERS; STRESS; PARTICLES; ADHESION AB Composite materials were prepared with granular corn starch (CS) or potato starch (PS) and poly(ester amide) resin (PEA), with starch volume fractions (phi) up to 0.40. Tensile yield properties were evaluated at strain rates of 0.0017-0.05 s(-1). Yield stress of the CS-PEA materials increased with strain rate and starch content. The strain rate effect became more pronounced as the starch content increased. A crossover effect was observed with PS-PEA materials: at low strain rates, the yield stress decreased with increasing 0, and increased with 0 at higher strain rates. This crossover suggests that the time scale of debonding in the PS-PEA materials is comparable to the time. scale of the tension test. The addition of either CS or PS to PEA induced a distinct maximum in the stress-strain curve at yield compared to the neat PEA. Debonding of starch granules from the PEA matrix occurred at lower stresses in the PS-PEA materials than the CS-PEA. In PS-PEA, debonding occurred in bands similar in appearance to shear bands throughout the tensile specimen. After yielding, the cross-section area decreased as the debonded zones coalesced. In the CS-PEA materials, debonding zones were more diffuse, and a distinct neck formed at yield. Yield stress data for the CS-PEA materials could be shifted with respect to strain rate to construct a master curve, indicating that yield properties at these strain rates were determined by the matrix response rather than debonding as observed in other starch-filled materials. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Willett, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM willetjl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 9 BP 3035 EP 3042 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.01.059 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 915PA UT WOS:000228315100025 ER PT J AU Roh, MS Lee, AK Suh, JK AF Roh, MS Lee, AK Suh, JK TI Production of high quality Ardisia plants by stem tip cuttings SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE Ardisia crenata; juvenility; maturity; cutting propagation; forcing AB To produce commercially acceptable Ardisia plants, stem tip cuttings from mature plants were rooted and forced in greenhouses. Ten centimeter long cuttings were either treated with 200 ppm 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) for 2 h, 2000 ppm indole-3-yl-butyric acid (IBA) for 10 s, or 0.5 and 1.0% IBA powder prior to sticking them in the rooting medium. Rooting percentage at 45 days exceeded 76% with 2000 ppm IBA treatment which was a significant increase over non-treated control. Rooted cuttings developed into three types of plants: those forming only vegetative shoots without flowers, those forming reproductive shoots with flowers, and those forming both vegetative and reproductive shoots. The ideal plant produced only vegetative shoots when rooted cuttings were transplanted into pots. About 50% rooted cuttings were forced to finish, producing 31 or 40% of high quality plants when rooted cuttings with vegetative shoots were grown in a greenhouse (GH) at temperatures higher than 21/19 degrees C (day/night) in 1995 or 21/18 degrees C GH in 1997, respectively. This method shortened the total production time to less than 2 years as compared to 4 years when starting from seeds. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Dankook Univ, Sch Bioresources Sci, Lab Floriculture & Plant Physiol, Cheonan, South Korea. RP Roh, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, B-010A,Rm 238,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rohm@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 104 IS 3 BP 293 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2004.09.001 PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 913EP UT WOS:000228134700005 ER PT J AU Roh, MS AF Roh, MS TI Flowering and inflorescence development of Lachenalia aloides 'Pearsonii' as influenced by bulb storage and forcing temperature SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE new floral crop; potted plant; bulb; physiological disorder; scanning electron microscopy; magnetic resonance imaging ID PLANT AB The effect of bulb storage and forcing temperatures on growth, flowering, and inflorescence development and blast of Lachenalia aloides Engl. 'Pearsonii' was investigated. Bulb temperature treatments began when about five florets were developed. Bulbs were stored at 10 degrees C, 12.5 degrees C, 15 'C, 20 degrees C, and 25 degrees C for 15, 30, or 45 days and forced in greenhouses at 17/15 degrees C and 21/19 degrees C, day (D)/ night (N) temperature. Flowering was accelerated, and leaf length and floret number were reduced, when bulbs were stored at 10 degrees C, 12.5 degrees C, or 15 degrees C for 45 days compared with storing at 20 degrees C or 25 degrees C. Flowering was further accelerated by forcing at 17/15 degrees C compared with 21/19 degrees C (Experiments 1 and 2). When bulbs were stored at 10 degrees C, 15 degrees C, 20 degrees C, or 25 degrees C for 4 weeks and grown in greenhouses at 17/15 degrees C, 21/19 degrees C, 25/23 degrees C, and 29/27 degrees C, D/N temperature, the incidence of inflorescence blast was increased when bulbs were stored at 10 degrees and 15 degrees C and forced at 25/23 degrees C compared with low temperatures (Experiment 3). Bulbs were stored at 10 degrees C, 15 degrees C, 20 degrees C, or 25 degrees C for 4 weeks and forced in greenhouses maintained at 18/16 degrees C, 22/20 degrees C, or 26/24 'C, D/N temperature, for 12 weeks. During forcing, plants were subjected to a constant 18/16 degrees C or temperatures were changed after 4 and 8 weeks (e.g., 18/16 degrees C-22/20 degrees C-18/16 degrees C) (Experiment 4). Inflorescence blast occurred when the temperature was 26/24 degrees C during the first 4 weeks after potting of bulbs that were stored at 15 degrees C (83%) and 10 degrees C (50%). Plants from bulbs stored at higher temperatures did not show inflorescence blast. To produce quality plants with short leaves, many florets, and short floral stems (scape plus inflorescence), it is recommended to store bulbs at 10-15 degrees C before potting for 30 days and to force at 17/15 degrees C to accelerate flowering. Inflorescence development during bulb storage at 10 degrees C and inflorescence blast that occurred after only 3 days of 30 degrees C was demonstrated using scanning electron microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging techniques. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Dept Agr, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roh, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dept Agr, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, B-010 A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mroh@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 104 IS 3 BP 305 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2004.10.004 PG 19 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 913EP UT WOS:000228134700006 ER PT J AU Zhu, JY Tan, F Scallon, KL Zhao, YL Deng, Y AF Zhu, JY Tan, F Scallon, KL Zhao, YL Deng, Y TI Deinking selectivity (Z-factor): a new parameter to evaluate the performance of flotation deinking process SO SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flotation deinking; paper recycling; secondary fibers; deinking sensitivity; fiber yield; fiber loss ID CHEMISTRY; TONER AB This study proposes a deinking selectivity concept that considers both ink removal and fiber yield in determining the performance of deinking operations. The defined deinking selectivity, or Z-factor, is expressed by the ratio of ink removal expressed by the International Standards Organization (ISO) brightness gain or the reduction in relative effective residual ink concentration (ERIC) and the relative fiber (oven-dry basis) rejection loss. For most flotation processes, typical brightness Z-factor is on the order of unit value and ERIC Z-factor is on the order of 10 units. Therefore, the Z-factor weighted brightness gain and ERIC reduction have relevance to ISO brightness and ordinary ERIC reduction. Pilot-scale flotation deinking experiments showed that Z-factor weighted brightness gain and ERIC reduction are good indicators of deinking process efficiency. The period or stage Z-factors are good indicators of the efficiency of the periods or stages of a deinking process. The ERIC Z-factor can be directly related to the separation factor defined in chemical engineering science. A simple criterion developed using the stage Z-factor concept was applied to both pilot-scale experiments and an industrial recycling mill operation for determining the economics of a given period or stage in a flotation deinking operation. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5866 J9 SEP PURIF TECHNOL JI Sep. Purif. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 43 IS 1 BP 33 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.seppur.2004.09.011 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 913FB UT WOS:000228135900005 ER PT J AU Jimenez-Hornero, FJ Giraldez, JV Laguna, A Pachepsky, Y AF Jimenez-Hornero, FJ Giraldez, JV Laguna, A Pachepsky, Y TI Continuous time random walks for analyzing the transport of a passive tracer in a single fissure SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; RANDOM FRACTURE NETWORKS; ANOMALOUS TRANSPORT; ADVECTION-DISPERSION; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SCALE; EQUATION; SAND AB The selection of the correct model for describing contaminant transport in fractured media remains a challenging problem in subsurface hydrology. In this work, the experimental data corresponding to nonsorbing tracer runs in natural fissures of Moreno et al. (1985) are analyzed. The advection dispersion equation (ADE) model yields a poor fit in the late time regions of the experimental breakthrough curves denoting the existence of "nomalous" or "on-Fickian" transport. Continuous time random walks (CTRW) are proposed for describing this kind of transport using two of the most studied forms for the transition rate probability: the asymptotic and truncated power law models. The CTRW approach produces better fits to the experimental data than the ADE model. In all the simulations a moderately dispersive transport was found which is interpreted as being as a result of the effects of the small- and intermediate-scale heterogeneities. C1 Univ Cordoba, Dept Agron, E-14080 Cordoba, Spain. Univ Cordoba, Dept Appl Phys, E-14080 Cordoba, Spain. ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Consejo Super Invest Cient, Inst Agr Sostenible, Cordoba, Spain. RP Jimenez-Hornero, FJ (reprint author), Univ Cordoba, Dept Agron, POB 3048, E-14080 Cordoba, Spain. EM jihof@arrakis.es; ag1gicej@uco.es; fa1lalua@uco.es; ypachepsky@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Laguna, Ana/G-4592-2015; Jimenez-Hornero, Francisco/K-8771-2014 OI Laguna, Ana/0000-0002-7429-8095; Jimenez-Hornero, Francisco/0000-0003-4498-8797 NR 23 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 4 AR W04009 DI 10.1029/2004WR003852 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 917RI UT WOS:000228482500002 ER PT J AU Sinclair, TR Neumaier, N Farias, JRB Nepomuceno, AL AF Sinclair, TR Neumaier, N Farias, JRB Nepomuceno, AL TI Comparison of vegetative development in soybean cultivars for low-latitude environments SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soybean; flowering date; emergence date; phyllochron interval ID FLOWERING DATE; TEMPERATURE; PHOTOPERIOD AB Soybean production has been expanded into northern Brazil by the introduction of long-juvenile genes. These genes cause flowering to be delayed but specific changes in the sensitivity of plant development to temperature and photoperiod have not been resolved in these commercial cultivars. This study was undertaken to resolve possible changes in long-juvenile plants associated with rates of plant emergence, leaf appearance, and flowering. Eight cultivars, including three long-juvenile cultivars, were sown each week throughout a year in a plastic greenhouse so that the plants would develop under differing temperature and photoperiod. While there were differences among cultivars in the cumulative temperature required for plant emergence and the rate of leaf appearance, these differences were not necessarily associated with the long-juvenile trait. An extended duration to flowering was confirmed for the three long-juvenile cultivars but this delay was not associated with any difference in sensitivity to temperature and photoperiod. The trait that distinguished the long-juvenile cultivars was a much lower maximum development rate towards flowering than that found in the other cultivars. However, cultivar differences were identified among the long-juvenile cultivars indicating the possibility of further selection of genotypes to fit specific environments in low-latitude regions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Florida, USDA, ARS, Agron Physiol Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Embrapa Soja, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA, ARS, Agron Physiol Lab, POB 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM trsincl@ifas.ufl.edu RI Neumaier, Norman/I-9545-2014 NR 10 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD APR 14 PY 2005 VL 92 IS 1 BP 53 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2004.08.008 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 904MK UT WOS:000227502200005 ER PT J AU Ford, ZM Stevens, ED Johnson, GP French, AD AF Ford, ZM Stevens, ED Johnson, GP French, AD TI Determining the crystal structure of cellulose IIII by modeling SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE carbohydrate; packing; polysaccharide; fiber; molecular mechanics ID NEUTRON FIBER DIFFRACTION; SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; HYDROGEN-BONDING SYSTEM; PACKING ANALYSIS; POLYSACCHARIDES; POLYMORPHS AB Recently, a one-chain monoclinic unit cell for cellulose III1 having P2(1) symmetry and a single glucose in the asymmetric unit was proposed, based on high-resolution diffraction patterns. The new work challenged a two-chain structure that was published 25 years earlier, although it did not provide new three-dimensional coordinates. Our goals were to solve the structure by modeling, find whether modeling would reject the previously determined two-chain unit cell, and compare the model with the anticipated experimental structure. Combinations of three rotamers of the O-2, O-3, and O-6 hydroxyl groups produced 27 'up' and 27 'down' starting structures. Clusters ('minicrystals') of 13 cellotetraose chains terminated by methyl groups for each of the 54 starting structures were optimized with MM3(96). Hydroxyl groups on 16 of these 54 structures reoriented to give very similar hydrogen-bonding schemes in the interiors, along with the lowest energies. Hydrogen bonds included the usual intramolecular O-3H(...)O-5' linkage, with O-6' also accepting from O-3H. Interchain hydrogen bonds form an infinite, cooperative O-6H(...)O-2H(...)O-6 network. Direct comparison of total minicrystal energies for the one- and two-chain unit cell was inappropriate because the two-chain cell's alternate chains are shifted 0.9 angstrom along the z-axis. To get comparable energy values, models were built with both cellotetraose and cellohexaose chains. The differences in their energies represent the energies for the central layers of cellobiose units. The one-chain cell models had much lower energy. The eight best 'up' one-chain models agree reasonably well with the structure newly determined by experiment. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Orleans, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP French, AD (reprint author), 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM afrench@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD APR 11 PY 2005 VL 340 IS 5 BP 827 EP 833 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2005.01.028 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 914ET UT WOS:000228208700004 PM 15780248 ER PT J AU Lii, JH Chen, KH Johnson, GP French, AD Allinger, NL AF Lii, JH Chen, KH Johnson, GP French, AD Allinger, NL TI The external-anomeric torsional effect SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE external-anomeric torsional effect; MM4; ab initio; dimethoxymethane; 2,4-dioxahexane; disaccharide; conformation ID MM3 FORCE-FIELD; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL THEORY; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; ENERGY SURFACES; BASIS-SET; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; MECHANICS; ALCOHOLS; ETHERS AB The rotational barrier for a methyl group at the end of an anomeric system is sometimes lower than we might have anticipated. Thus, in the trans-trans conformation of dimethoxymethane, the barrier to methyl rotation is calculated (B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p)) to be 2.22 kcal/mol, just slightly smaller than the corresponding barrier to rotation of the methyl group in methyl propyl ether of 2.32 kcal/mol. However, if the methyl being rotated in dimethoxymethane is placed into a gauche conformation, that rotational barrier is reduced to 1.52 kcal/mol. This substantial (0.80 kcal/mol relative to methyl propyl ether) reduction in barrier height in the latter case is attributed mainly to the change in the bond order of the C-O bond to which the methyl is attached, as a function of conformation, which in turn is a result of the anomeric effect. We have called this barrier lowering the external-anomeric torsional effect. This effect is apparently widespread in carbohydrates, and it results in the changing of conformational energies by up to about 2 kcal/mol. If polysaccharide potential surfaces are to be accurately mapped by molecular mechanics, this effect clearly needs to be accounted for. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Computat Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP French, AD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Computat Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM afrench@srrc.ars.usda.gov; allinger@chem.uga.edu NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD APR 11 PY 2005 VL 340 IS 5 BP 853 EP 862 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2005.01.032 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 914ET UT WOS:000228208700007 PM 15780251 ER PT J AU Yu, XC Atalla, RH AF Yu, XC Atalla, RH TI The complex of xylan and iodine: the induction and detection of nanoscale order SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE xylan; polyiodide; xylan-iodine complex; nanoscale order ID CHARGE-TRANSFER COMPLEXES; RESONANCE RAMAN; POLYSACCHARIDES; SPECTROSCOPY; POLYIODIDES; CHLORIDE; SPECTRA; CATIONS; ANIONS AB The complex of xylan and iodine and its formation in a solution of xylan, CaCl2, and I-2 + KI was investigated by UVNis, second-derivative UV/Vis, and Raman spectroscopy. The complex forms only at very high concentrations of CaCl2, suggesting that when the water available in the solution is not sufficient to fully hydrate the calcium cation the chelation with the hydroxyl groups of the xylan can occur. The electronic spectra indicate that iodine is present in the form of three linear polyiodides I-9(3-), I-11(3-), and I-13(3-) structures, which the Raman spectra show to be linear aggregates of the I-3(-) and I-5(-) substructures. Iodide concentration has a significant influence on the relative population of I-9(3-), I-11(3-), and I-13(3-), as well as I-3(-) and I-5(-), which lead to changes in both the UVNis absorption maxima shifts and changes in the Raman spectra. The key difference between this system of complexes with the linear polyiodide aggregates and that of amylose is that the longest aggregate observed with the amylose system, the I-15(3-) polyanion, is not observed with the xylans. This indicates that the ordered arrays in the xylan-iodine complex do not exceed 4 nm in length. It is not possible to conclude at this time whether the ordered segment of the xylan molecule is linear or helical. If it is linear the length of the longest ordered arrays would be eight xylose residues. The number would exceed eight if the xylan molecule were helically wound. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Madison, WI 53726 USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Atalla, RH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM rhatalla@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 EI 1873-426X J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD APR 11 PY 2005 VL 340 IS 5 BP 981 EP 988 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2005.01.029 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 914ET UT WOS:000228208700018 PM 15780262 ER PT J AU Khrimian, A AF Khrimian, A TI The geometric isomers of methyl-2,4,6-decatrienoate, including pheromones of at least two species of stink bugs SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article DE methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate; geometric isomers; Wittig reaction; pheromone; Plautia stali; Thyanta pallidovirens; Halyomorpha halys. ID OXIDATION-WITTIG REACTIONS; THYANTA-PALLIDOVIRENS; CONJUGATED DIENES; COMPONENTS; MECHANISM; KETONES; ESTERS; CIS AB All eight geometric isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate were synthesized from readily accessible starting materials by fully exploiting Wittig-type olefinations, and taking advantage of an easy separation of 2E and 2Z unsaturated esters. The aggregation pheromone of the brown-winged green bug, Plautia stali, methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate (also a cross-attractant for the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys), was expediently produced in two easy steps from (E)-4,4-dimethoxy-2-butenal in 55% yield. The sex pheromone of the red-shouldered stink bug, Thyanta pallidovirens, methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, was conveniently synthesized from 2,4-octadiyn-1-ol in 32% yield using in situ manganese dioxide oxidation-Wittig condensation in a key step. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, PSI, CAIBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Khrimian, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, PSI, CAIBL, Bldg 007,Room 301, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM khrimiaa@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD APR 11 PY 2005 VL 61 IS 15 BP 3651 EP 3657 DI 10.1016/j.tet.2005.02.032 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 913JJ UT WOS:000228147400003 ER PT J AU Nehring, R Fernandez-Cornejo, J Banker, D AF Nehring, R Fernandez-Cornejo, J Banker, D TI Off-farm labour and the structure of US agriculture: the case of corn/soybean farms SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID EFFICIENCY; ECONOMIES; SCALE; SCOPE AB While the growing importance of off-farm earnings suggests large benefits accrue to farmers from efforts to expand off-farm income opportunities, economic well being also depends on greater efficiency. To comprehensively gauge the economic health of farm operator households' off-farm income is interpreted as an output along with corn, soybeans, livestock and other crops. To accomplish this task two related methodologies were used. First, using 2000 data, a multi-activity cost function was set up to analyse labour allocation decisions within the farm operator household and also to estimate returns to scale and scope. Second, using 1996-2000 data, an input distance function approach was followed to estimate returns to scale, cost economies and technical efficiency - and the relative performance of farm operator households with and without off-farm wages and salaries compared. The cost function and input distance function results both suggest that off-farm Outputs and inputs can be modelled in a multi-activity framework and involve significant economies of scope. C1 Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Nehring, R (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM rnehring@ers.usda.gov NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROUTLEDGE TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PD APR 10 PY 2005 VL 37 IS 6 BP 633 EP 649 DI 10.1080/0003684042000323582 PG 17 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 919UG UT WOS:000228642500003 ER PT J AU Dowd, SE Zaragoza, J Rodriguez, JR Oliver, MJ Payton, PR AF Dowd, SE Zaragoza, J Rodriguez, JR Oliver, MJ Payton, PR TI Windows.NET network distributed basic local alignment search toolkit (W.ND-BLAST) SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID PSI-BLAST AB Background: BLAST is one of the most common and useful tools for Genetic Research. This paper describes a software application we have termed Windows. NET Distributed Basic Local Alignment Search Toolkit ( W. ND-BLAST), which enhances the BLAST utility by improving usability, fault recovery, and scalability in a Windows desktop environment. Our goal was to develop an easy to use, fault tolerant, high-throughput BLAST solution that incorporates a comprehensive BLAST result viewer with curation and annotation functionality. Results: W.ND-BLAST is a comprehensive Windows-based software toolkit that targets researchers, including those with minimal computer skills, and provides the ability increase the performance of BLAST by distributing BLAST queries to any number of Windows based machines across local area networks (LAN). W.ND-BLAST provides intuitive Graphic User Interfaces (GUI) for BLAST database creation, BLAST execution, BLAST output evaluation and BLAST result exportation. This software also provides several layers of fault tolerance and fault recovery to prevent loss of data if nodes or master machines fail. This paper lays out the functionality of W.ND-BLAST. W.ND-BLAST displays close to 100% performance efficiency when distributing tasks to 12 remote computers of the same performance class. A high throughput BLAST job which took 662.68 minutes ( 11 hours) on one average machine was completed in 44.97 minutes when distributed to 17 nodes, which included lower performance class machines. Finally, there is a comprehensive high-throughput BLAST Output Viewer (BOV) and Annotation Engine components, which provides comprehensive exportation of BLAST hits to text files, annotated fasta files, tables, or association files. Conclusion: W.ND-BLAST provides an interactive tool that allows scientists to easily utilizing their available computing resources for high throughput and comprehensive sequence analyses. The install package for W.ND-BLAST is freely downloadable from http://liru.ars. usda. gov/ mainbioinformatics. html. With registration the software is free, installation, networking, and usage instructions are provided as well as a support forum. C1 ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, USDA, Lubbock, TX USA. ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Res Unit, USDA, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Dowd, SE (reprint author), ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, USDA, Lubbock, TX USA. EM sdowd@lbk.ars.usda.gov; jzaragoza@lbk.ars.usda.gov; vrodriguez@lbk.ars.usda.gov; moliver@lbk.ars.usda.gov; ppayton@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD APR 8 PY 2005 VL 6 AR 93 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-6-93 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 922EX UT WOS:000228820300001 PM 15819992 ER PT J AU Shi, T Wang, F Stieren, E Tong, Q AF Shi, T Wang, F Stieren, E Tong, Q TI SIRT3, a mitochondrial sirtuin deacetylase, regulates mitochondrial function and thermogenesis in brown adipocytes SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CEREVISIAE LIFE-SPAN; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; DEPENDENT DEACETYLASE; CALORIE RESTRICTION; CELL-SURVIVAL; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; UNCOUPLING PROTEIN; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; COACTIVATOR PGC-1; WHITE ADIPOCYTES AB SIRT3 is one of the seven mammalian sirtuin homologs of the yeast Sir2 gene, which mediates the effect of caloric restriction on life span extension in yeast and Caenorhabditis elegans. Because adipose tissue is essential in energy homeostasis and also plays a role in life span determination, we decided to investigate the function of sirtuin members in fat. We report here that murine SIRT3 is expressed in brown adipose tissue and is localized on the mitochondria inner membrane. Caloric restriction activates SIRT3 expression in both white and brown adipose. Additionally, cold exposure up-regulates SIRT3 expression in brown fat, whereas elevated climate temperature reduces the expression. Enforced expression of SIRT3 in the HIB1B brown adipocytes enhances the expression of the uncoupling protein PGC-1 alpha, UCP1, and a series of mitochondria-related genes. Both ADP-ribosyltransferase and deacetylase activities of SIRT3 are required for this action. Furthermore, the SIRT3 deacetylase mutant exhibits a dominant negative effect by inhibiting UCP1 expression. This inhibitive effect can be abolished by the coexpression of PGC-1 alpha, indicating a major role of PGC-1 alpha in the SIRT3 action. In addition, SIRT3 stimulates CREB phosphorylation, which reportedly activates PGC-1 alpha promoter directly. Functionally, sustained expression of SIRT3 decreases membrane potential and reactive oxygen species production while increasing cellular respiration. Finally, SIRT3, along with genes related to mitochondrial function, is down-regulated in the brown adipose tissue of several genetically obese mice. In summary, our results demonstrate that SIRT3 activates mitochondria functions and plays an important role in adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Tong, Q (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM qtong@bcm.tmc.edu RI Wang, Fei/F-8015-2010 NR 66 TC 357 Z9 381 U1 3 U2 42 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 8 PY 2005 VL 280 IS 14 BP 13560 EP 13567 DI 10.1074/jbc.M414670200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 912QW UT WOS:000228095500048 PM 15653680 ER PT J AU Beignon, AS Brown, F Eftekhari, P Kramer, E Briand, JP Muller, S Partidos, CD AF Beignon, AS Brown, F Eftekhari, P Kramer, E Briand, JP Muller, S Partidos, CD TI A peptide vaccine administered transcutaneously together with cholera toxin elicits potent neutralising anti-FMDV antibody responses SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE transcutaneous immunisation; peptide vaccines; FMDV; cholera toxin; adjuvants ID MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS; HEAT-LABILE ENTEROTOXIN; ENHANCES IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PROTECTS MICE; ADJUVANT PROTECTS; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE; DENDRITIC CELLS; BARE SKIN; IMMUNIZATION; FOOT AB In this study a synthetic peptide representing residues 141-159 from the GH loop of VP1 protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus was tested for its capacity to elicit virus neutralising antibodies in mice after transcutaneous immunisation. Topical application of the peptide conjugated to bovine serum albumin together with cholera toxin as an adjuvant elicited anti-peptide antibody responses with strong virus neutralising activity. The combination of cholera toxin with an immunostimulatory CpG motif resulted in the induction of IgG1 and IgG2a anti-peptide antibodies with significantly enhanced virus neutralising activity. To shed more light on the mechanisms of cholera toxin adjuvanticity we demonstrated its binding to keratinocytes via GM(1)-gangliosides. This was followed by an increase of the intracellular cAMP and the rapid diffusion of cholera toxin throughout the epidermis. These findings demonstrate that peptide-based vaccines when combined with the appropriate adjuvant(s) can elicit potent virus neutralising antibody responses after transcutaneous immunisation. However, experiments in target species will be required to confirm the potential of this simple vaccination procedure in livestock. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CNRS, Inst Biol Mol & Cellulaire, UPR 9021, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Sch Med, FTD, Inst Pharmacol, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. RP Partidos, CD (reprint author), CNRS, Inst Biol Mol & Cellulaire, UPR 9021, 15 Rue Rene Descartes, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. EM h.partidos@ibmc.u-strasbg.fr RI Muller, Sylviane/J-5319-2014; OI BEIGNON, Anne-Sophie/0000-0003-0863-983X NR 26 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD APR 8 PY 2005 VL 104 IS 3-4 BP 273 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.12.008 PG 8 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 908DK UT WOS:000227767300015 PM 15734548 ER PT J AU Zhang, AJ Nie, JY AF Zhang, AJ Nie, JY TI Enantioselective synthesis of the female sex pheromone of the pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sex pheromone; Maconellicoccus hirsutus; (R)-maconelliyl (S)-2-methylbutanoate; (R)-lavandulyl; (S)-2-methylbutanoate; enantioselective synthesis ID ALPHA-PINENE; DEHYDRATION; DERIVATIVES; VERBENONE; ESTERS; ACIDS AB The pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), is an exotic insect pest and recently invaded Southern California and Florida. The female M. hirsutus releases the 2-methylbutanoate of a novel cyclobutanoid monoterpene alcohol (maconelliol) that together with lavandulyl 2-methylbutanoate constitutes the sex pheromone to attract males from a distance. Enantioselective syntheses of four different stereoisomers of the major component, maconelliyl 2-methylbutanoate 1, from alpha-pinene are reported. Absolute configurations of both naturally occurring maconelliyl 2-methylbutanoate 1 and the minor component, lavandulyl 2-methylbutanoate 2, have been established. Comparison of the analytical data of naturally occurring compounds with those of optically active synthetic isomers proved that both esters show the (R)-configuration at the alcohol and the (S)-configuration at acid moieties. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhang, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM zhanga@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 6 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 7 BP 2451 EP 2455 DI 10.1021/jf048198k PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 912XA UT WOS:000228112000014 PM 15796578 ER PT J AU Wu, XL Prior, RL AF Wu, XL Prior, RL TI Systematic identification and characterization of anthocyanins by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS in common foods in the United States: Fruits and berries SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE anthocyanin; HPLC-ESI-MS/MS; apple; black plum; black raspberry; blackberry; blueberry; Concord grape; cranberry; marionberry; nectarine; peach; plum; raspberry; red grape; strawberry; sweet cherry ID LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY; RADICAL ABSORBING CAPACITY; PHOTODIODE ARRAY DETECTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; BLUEBERRIES; QUANTITATION; FLAVONOIDS AB Anthocyanins were systematically identified and characterized by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS coupled with diode array detection in common fruits from U.S. food markets and other commercial sources. Of the 25 different fruits that were screened, 14 fruits were found to contain anthocyanins; the number of anthocyanins varied from 2 in peaches and nectarines to 31 in Concord grape. The individual anthocyanins were identified by comparing their mass spectral data and retention times with those of standards and published data. In all of the samples analyzed, only 6 common anthocyanidins, delphinidin, cyanidin, pelargonidin, petunidin, peonidin and malvidin, were found. In addition to the well-known major anthocyanins, a number of minor anthocyanins were identified for the first time. Some possible guidelines that help to identify anthocyanins in foods with complex anthocyanin composition were deduced and discussed. For the first time, this paper presents complete anthocyanin HPLC profiles and MS spectral data of common fruits using the same uniform experimental conditions. C1 USDA, ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, 1120 Marshall St, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM priorronaldl@uams.edu NR 50 TC 337 Z9 359 U1 10 U2 155 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 6 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 7 BP 2589 EP 2599 DI 10.1021/jf048068b PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 912XA UT WOS:000228112000035 PM 15796599 ER PT J AU Shogren, RL Rousseau, RJ AF Shogren, RL Rousseau, RJ TI Field testing of paper/polymerized vegetable oil mulches for enhancing growth of eastern cottonwood trees for pulp SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE mulch; paper; soybean oil; cottonwood ID BIODEGRADABLE MULCH; POLYETHYLENE MULCH; WEED-CONTROL; ESTABLISHMENT AB Field studies of biodegradable polymerized vegetable oil-coated paper mulches were conducted to determine if these could replace non-degradable polyethylene mulches for stopping weeds and promoting growth of cottonwood trees. Tests were conducted over two growing seasons in two adjacent field sites in southeastern Missouri. At the end of the 2001 season, eastern cottonwood trees grown on the coated paper mulches had average heights (4.57-4.66 m, 15.0-15.3 ft), which were not significantly different from the control black polyethylene mulch (4.75 m, 15.6 ft). Tree heights were significantly less for uncoated paper mulch (4.45 m, 14.6 ft) or no mulch (3.90 in, 12.8 ft), presumably due to heavy weed growth around the trees. Uncoated paper mulch was extensively degraded after only about 4 weeks, while the coated paper persisted until the fall. Addition of ZnO to the oil coating delayed the onset of visible degradation, such as the formation of holes and tears, especially near the buried edge and above the drip tube. Similar results were seen for the 2002 study except that weed growth was not extensive so that tree heights for the mulched and bare plots were not significantly different. These results suggest that polymerized vegetable oil-coated paper mulches can function as effective mulches during the first year of tree growth, and thus, eliminate the need to use non-degradable polyethylene mulches. (c) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. MeadWestvaco Corp, Wickliffe, KY 42087 USA. RP Shogren, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM shogrerl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 5 PY 2005 VL 208 IS 1-3 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.11.019 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 909LF UT WOS:000227860700009 ER PT J AU Coyle, DR Coleman, MD AF Coyle, DR Coleman, MD TI Forest production responses to irrigation and fertilization are not explained by shifts in allocation SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biomass; intensive management; Planatus occidentalis; Populus deltoides; root mass fraction; silviculture ID AMERICAN SYCAMORE PLANTATION; POPULUS-DELTOIDES PLANTATION; YOUNG EUCALYPTUS-GLOBULUS; LOBLOLLY-PINE SEEDLINGS; SHORT-ROTATION CULTURE; FINE-ROOT DYNAMICS; HYBRID POPLAR; DOUGLAS-FIR; BIOMASS DISTRIBUTION; ABOVEGROUND GROWTH AB Production increases in intensively managed forests have been obtained by improving resource availability through water and nutrient amendments. Increased stem production has been attributed to shifts in growth from roots to shoot, and such shifts would have important implications for belowground carbon sequestration. We examined above and belowground growth and biomass accumulation and distribution in two eastern cottonwood clones and American sycamore receiving irrigation (1), fertilization (F), or irrigation + fertilization (IF) and compared with non-treated controls (C). Aboveground growth and biomass accumulation responded positively to both I and F in all genotypes. After three growing seasons, the largest trees were sycamore receiving the IF treatment, with a total mean annual biomass production of 9.4 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1). Total cottonwood mean annual biomass production in both clones was > 5.0 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) in the IF treatment. Aboveground biomass production was 6.3 and > 3.1 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) for sycamore and cottonwoods, respectively. Total root mass fraction was lower in high resource treatments and declined as stands aged. To compare allocation in trees of equal size, we used allometric relationships between above and belowground tissue. Allometric relationships between woody perennial tissues rarely differed among treatments. Improved resource availability caused large increases in growth and consequently accelerated development, but it had little effect on belowground allocation that was not explained by development. Reports of shifting belowground allocation due to soil resource availability must account for developmental effects if they are to accurately evaluate direct impacts of soil resources. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. RP Coleman, MD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, POB 700,Bldg 772-1G,So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. EM mcoleman01@fs.fed.us RI Coleman, Mark/A-6741-2013 NR 91 TC 84 Z9 92 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 5 PY 2005 VL 208 IS 1-3 BP 137 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.11.022 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 909LF UT WOS:000227860700011 ER PT J AU Hall, SA Burke, IC Box, DO Kaufmann, MR Stoker, JM AF Hall, SA Burke, IC Box, DO Kaufmann, MR Stoker, JM TI Estimating stand structure using discrete-return lidar: an example from low density, fire prone ponderosa pine forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon stocks; fire-behavior-model input layers; information-theoretic techniques; lidar; low density forests; stand structure ID AIRBORNE SCANNING LASER; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; TREE HEIGHT; CROWN FIRE; ECOSYSTEM; OREGON; RADAR; RESTORATION; DISTURBANCE; VEGETATION AB The ponderosa pine forests of the Colorado Front Range, USA, have historically been subjected to wildfires. Recent large bums have increased public interest in fire behavior and effects, and scientific interest in the carbon consequences of wildfires. Remote sensing techniques can provide spatially explicit estimates of stand structural characteristics. Some of these characteristics can be used as inputs to fire behavior models, increasing our understanding of the effect of fuels on fire behavior. Others provide estimates of carbon stocks, allowing us to quantify the carbon consequences of fire. Our objective was to use discrete-return lidar to estimate such variables, including stand height, total aboveground biomass, foliage biomass, basal area, tree density, canopy base height and canopy bulk density. We developed 39 metrics from the lidar data, and used them in limited combinations in regression models, which we fit to field estimates of the stand structural variables. We used an information-theoretic approach to select the best model for each variable, and to select the subset of lidar metrics with most predictive potential. Observed versus predicted values of stand structure variables were highly correlated, with r(2) ranging from 57% to 87%. The most parsimonious linear models for the biomass structure variables, based on a restricted dataset, explained between 35% and 58% of the observed variability. Our results provide us with useful estimates of stand height, total aboveground biomass, foliage biomass and basal area. There is promise for using this sensor to estimate tree density, canopy base height and canopy bulk density, though more research is needed to generate robust relationships. We selected 14 lidar metrics that showed the most potential as predictors of stand structure. We suggest that the focus of future lidar studies should broaden to include low density forests, particularly systems where the vertical structure of the canopy is important, such as fire prone forests. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. 3Di Technol Inc, Dept Engn & Technol, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Hall, SA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM shall@cnr.colostate.edu RI Burke, Ingrid/A-1420-2009; OI Burke, Ingrid/0000-0003-4717-6399; Stoker, Jason/0000-0003-2455-0931 NR 59 TC 126 Z9 134 U1 7 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 5 PY 2005 VL 208 IS 1-3 BP 189 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.12.001 PG 21 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 909LF UT WOS:000227860700014 ER PT J AU Maas-Hebner, KG Emmingham, WH Larson, DJ Chan, SS AF Maas-Hebner, KG Emmingham, WH Larson, DJ Chan, SS TI Establishment and growth of native hardwood and conifer seedlings underplanted in thinned Douglas-fir stands SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE oregon; regeneration; species diversity; structural diversity; thinning; underplanting ID NORTHWESTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; WHITE-PINE WEEVIL; SHADE TOLERANCE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WESTERN OREGON; FORESTS; LIGHT; SURVIVAL; SPRUCE; RATES AB Five conifers and two hardwoods native to the Pacific Northwest were planted under four overstory densities of 30-year-old plantations of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) in the Oregon Coast Range, USA. Stand treatments were unthinned (547 trees ha(-1)), narrow thin (252 trees ha-1), wide thin (138 trees ha-1), and very wide thin (72 trees ha-1). Conditions in the unthinned stands were lethal to both hardwoods and conifers. Eighth-year survival in thinned stands ranged from 87 to 94% for conifer species and 61 to 94% for hardwood species. Eighth-year mean heights of conifer species ranged from 2.6 to 5.4 m. On the basis of size and damage incurred during the study, we ranked conifer species in decreasing order of suitability for underplanting as western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.), Douglas-fir, grand fir (Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) LindI.), and western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don). Eighth-year mean height of red alder (Alnus rubra (Bong.)) was 7.7 m in thinned stands. Heavy and repeated browse (mostly from elk, Cervus elaphus) on bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum Pursh) and to a lesser degree on western redcedar led us to conclude that these species may be unsuitable for underplanting unless they can be adequately protected. The other five conifer species and red alder suffered little damage during the study and are all viable choices for underplanting where diversity enhancement is an objective. Major findings from this study are (1) underplanting was successful (good survival and size) when the overstory canopy was thinned to wide or very wide spacings and available light was markedly increased; (2) fast growth of planted seedlings such as red alder, western hemlock, and Sitka spruce can enhance stand structure early in the development of thinned stands; (3) the level of thinning intensity affects light availability in the understory and will determine the vitality and longevity of underplanted seedlings; and (4) animal damage, mostly from elk browse and antler rubbing, varied by species and by size of seedlings but can be so serious as to limit the choice of seedlings. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Maas-Hebner, KG (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM kathleen.maashebner@oregonstate.edu NR 66 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 5 PY 2005 VL 208 IS 1-3 BP 331 EP 345 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.01.013 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 909LF UT WOS:000227860700023 ER PT J AU Blodgett, JT Herms, DA Bonello, P AF Blodgett, JT Herms, DA Bonello, P TI Effects of fertilization on red pine defense chemistry and resistance to Sphaeropsis sapinea SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Diplodia pinea; high pressure liquid chromatography; host defense; HPLC; lignification; predisposition; secondary metabolism ID BLUE-STAIN FUNGUS; NORWAY SPRUCE; WATER-STRESS; DISEASE DEVELOPMENT; PHENOLIC COMPOUND; MONTEREY PINE; SHOOT BLIGHT; DOUGLAS-FIR; JACK PINES; INFECTION AB Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.:Fr.) Dyko S Sutton in Sutton is a fungal pathogen that causes shoot blight and canker disease throughout the world on conifers predisposed by stress. Fertilization is often recommended to reduce stress, and presumably increase disease resistance. We examined the effects of fertilization on red pine (Pinus resinosa Aiton) resistance to S. sapinea, and on concentrations of constitutive and pathogen-induced secondary metabolites putatively involved in disease resistance. Wounded branch tips were inoculated with agar plugs colonized by the pathogen; noncolonized plugs were used for controls. Fertilization increased lesion size (P < 0.05) and foliar nitrogen (P < 0.01), and decreased foliar C:N ratio (P < 0.01), constitutive lignin levels both locally (P < 0.05) and distally (P < 0.05), and total soluble phenolics distal to the inoculation point (P < 0.01). At the infection court, inoculation significantly increased accumulation of total soluble phenolics (P < 0.01), and the induction or depletion of several individual phenolics (P < 0.05). Distally, inoculation was also a significant factor (P < 0.05) in the accumulation or depletion of some of the individual phenolics investigated. These results show that fertilization decreases resistance of red pine to S. sapinea, and suggest that lignin and soluble phenolics might be involved in host defense. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Blodgett, JT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Hlth Management, 1730 Samco Rd, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM jblodgett@fs.fed.us RI Bonello, Pierluigi/E-2776-2011 NR 49 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 5 PY 2005 VL 208 IS 1-3 BP 373 EP 382 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.01.014 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 909LF UT WOS:000227860700026 ER PT J AU Knapp, EE Keeley, JE Ballenger, EA Brennan, TJ AF Knapp, EE Keeley, JE Ballenger, EA Brennan, TJ TI Fuel reduction and coarse woody debris dynamics with early season and late season prescribed fire in a Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE burning season; conifer forest; duff; organic matter; surface fuel; woody fuel ID SEQUOIA-NATIONAL-PARK; PONDEROSA PINE; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; CALIFORNIA; MORTALITY; BEHAVIOR; REGIMES; LOGS; CONSERVATION; PERSPECTIVE AB Fire exclusion has led to an unnatural accumulation and greater spatial continuity of organic material on the ground in many forests. This material serves both as potential fuel for forest fires and habitat for a large array of forest species. Managers must balance fuel reduction to reduce wildfire hazard with fuel retention targets to maintain other forest functions. This study reports fuel consumption and changes to coarse woody debris attributes with prescribed burns ignited under different fuel moisture conditions. Replicated early season burn, late season burn, and unburned control plots were established in old-growth mixed conifer forest in Sequoia National Park that had not experienced fire for more than 120 years. Early season burns were ignited during June 2002 when fuels were relatively moist, and late season bums were ignited during September/October 2001 when fuels were dry. Fuel loading and coarse woody debris abundance, cover, volume, and mass were evaluated prior to and after the burns. While both types of burns reduced fuel loading, early season burns consumed significantly less of the total dead and down organic matter than late season burns (67% versus 88%). This difference in fuel consumption between burning treatments was significant for most all woody fuel components evaluated, plus the litter and duff layers. Many logs were not entirely consumed therefore the number of logs was not significantly changed by fire - but burning did reduce log length, cover, volume, and mass. Log cover, volume, and mass were reduced to a lesser extent by early season burns than late season burns, as a result of higher wood moisture levels. Early season burns also spread over less of the ground surface within the burn perimeter (73%) than late season burns (88%), and were significantly patchier. Organic material remaining after a fire can dam sediments and reduce erosion, while unburned patches may help mitigate the impact of fire on fire-sensitive species by creating refugia from which these species can recolonize burned areas. Early season burns may be an effective means of moderating potential ecosystem damage when treating heavy and/or continuous fuels resulting from long periods of fire exclusion, if burning during this season is not detrimental to other forest functions. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. US Geol Survey, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, HCR 89, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP Knapp, EE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 3644 Avtech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM eknapp@fs.fed.us NR 62 TC 89 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 5 PY 2005 VL 208 IS 1-3 BP 383 EP 397 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.01.016 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 909LF UT WOS:000227860700027 ER PT J AU Rooney, AP Ward, TJ AF Rooney, AP Ward, TJ TI Evolution of a large ribosomal RNA multigene family in filamentous fungi: Birth and death of a concerted evolution paradigm SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE 5S rRNA; retroposition ID REPETITIVE ELEMENT; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; GENE FAMILIES; DNA REPEATS; SEQUENCES; RDNA; CONSERVATION; GENOME; SINE; LINES AB In eukaryotes, the primary components of the ribosome are encoded by multicopy nuclear ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes: 28/26S, 18S, 5.8S, and 5S. Copies of these genes are typically localized within tandem arrays and homogenized within a genome. As a result, nuclear rRNA gene families have become a paradigm of concerted evolution. In filamentous fungi of the subphylum Pezizomycotina, 5S rRNA genes exist as a large and dispersed multigene family, with between 50 and 100 copies per genome. To determine whether these genes defy the concerted evolution paradigm, we examined the patterns of evolution of these genes by using sequences from the complete genomes of four species. Analyses of these sequences revealed (i) multiple 5S gene types within a genome, (h) interspecies clustering of gene types, (fil) multiple identical gene types shared among species, (iv) multiple pseudogenes within a genome, and (v) presence/absence variation of individual 55 copies in comparisons of closely related species. These results demonstrate that the 5S family in these species is characterized by birth-and-death evolution under strong purifying selection. Furthermore, our results suggest that birth-and-death evolution occurs at different rates in the genera examined, and that the multiplication and movement of 5S genes across the genome are highly dynamic. As such, we hypothesize that a mechanism resembling retroposition controls SS rRNA gene amplification, dispersal, and integration in the genomes of filamentous fungi. C1 ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Rooney, AP (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM rooney@ncaur.usda.gov NR 50 TC 107 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 5 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 14 BP 5084 EP 5089 DI 10.1073/pnas.0409689102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 914AC UT WOS:000228195800031 PM 15784739 ER PT J AU Perry, GA Smith, MF Lucy, MC Green, JA Parks, TE MacNeil, MD Roberts, AJ Geary, TW AF Perry, GA Smith, MF Lucy, MC Green, JA Parks, TE MacNeil, MD Roberts, AJ Geary, TW TI Relationship between follicle size at insemination and pregnancy success SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ovulation; cattle; artificial insemination; embryonic mortality; fertility ID RAT GRANULOSA-CELLS; LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; POSTPARTUM BEEF-COWS; ESTROUS-CYCLE; STIMULATING-HORMONE; BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN; OVULATORY FOLLICLE; CORPUS-LUTEUM; PROGESTERONE; HEIFERS AB Administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) induces a surge of luteinizing hormone and ovulation in a variety of species, including human beings. Our objectives were to determine the effect of follicle size at the time of ovulation on corpus luteum function and establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in cows in which ovulation was either spontaneous or induced with GnRH. GnRH-induced ovulation of follicles less than or similar to 11 mm in diameter resulted in decreased pregnancy rates and increased late embryonic mortality. This decrease in fertility was associated with lower circulating concentrations of estradiol on the day of insemination, a decreased rate of increase in progesterone after insemination, and, ultimately, decreased circulating concentrations of progesterone. In contrast, ovulatory follicle size had no apparent effect on fertility when ovulation occurred spontaneously. Follicles undergoing spontaneous ovulation do so at a wide range of sizes when they are physiologically mature. Therefore, administration of GnRH to induce ovulation likely initiates a preovulatory gonadotropin surge before some dominant follicles attain physiological maturity. GnRH-induced ovulation of follicles that are physiologically immature has a negative impact on pregnancy rates and late embryonic/fetal survival. These observations in cattle may have implications for assisted reproductive procedures in human beings. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. ARS, USDA, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Perry, GA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Box 2170 ASC 214, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM george.perry@sdstate.edu RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 50 TC 182 Z9 187 U1 0 U2 21 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 5 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 14 BP 5268 EP 5273 DI 10.1073/pnas.0501700102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 914AC UT WOS:000228195800062 PM 15795381 ER PT J AU Starr, GC AF Starr, GC TI Assessing temporal stability and spatial variability of soil water patterns with implications for precision water management SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE soil; water; potato; irrigation; variability; precision agriculture ID PROBABILITY DENSITY-FUNCTION; MOISTURE; STORAGE; INFILTRATION; PERSISTENCE; HILLSLOPE; CROP AB The temporal stability of soil water content patterns may have profound implications for precision agriculture in general and water management in particular. Spatio-temporal variability in soil water was assessed over four fields in a two-year potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) rotation to determine the potato yield implications and the potential for precision water management based on a stable spatial pattern of soil water. A hammer-driven time domain reflectometry probe was used to measure soil water content repeatedly along 10 transects. Irrigated. un-irrigated, and late irrigated treatments were employed. The temporally stable soil water pattern was mapped and compared with elevation and soil particle size classifications. A temporal stability model explained 47% of the observed variability in soil water content. An additional 20% of the variability was attributed to random measurement error. Calibrated in 2002, the model predicted water content (root mean square error of 0.05 m(3) m(-3)) along transects in 2003 from a single measurement at the field edge. Field-scale trends and extended (>100 m) wet and dry segments were observed along transects. Coarser particle size class soils were generally drier. Potato yield increased linearly with water content in un-irrigated areas. Yield was comparatively high in the drier areas for the irrigated treatment but was highly variable and frequently poor in the wetter areas. For the late-irrigated treatment, a strong yield response to added water was evident in the dry areas; however, the yield response was neutral to negative in the wetter areas. Knowledge of the underlying stable soil water distribution could provide a useful basis for precision water management. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Maine, USDA, ARS, NEPSWL, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Starr, GC (reprint author), Univ Maine, USDA, ARS, NEPSWL, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM Gordon.Starr@maine.edu NR 20 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD APR 2 PY 2005 VL 72 IS 3 BP 223 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2004.09.020 PG 21 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 902BH UT WOS:000227325700005 ER PT J AU Boivin, A Cherrier, R Schiavon, M AF Boivin, A Cherrier, R Schiavon, M TI Bentazone adsorption and desorption on agricultural soils SO AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE bentazone; adsorption; desorption; pH ID HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; POND SOUTHERN GERMANY; SORPTION; PESTICIDES; HYSTERESIS; DEGRADATION; SEDIMENTS; LIMITATIONS; HERBICIDES; SURFACE AB Herbicide fate and transport in soils greatly depend upon adsorption-desorption processes. Batch adsorption and desorption experiments were performed with the herbicide bentazone using 13 contrasted agricultural soil samples. Bentazone was found to be weakly sorbed by the different soils, showing average Freundlich adsorption coefficients (K-f) value of 1.4 +/- 2.3 mg(1-nf) kg(-1). Soil organic matter content did not have a significant effect on bentazone sorption (r(2) = 0.12), whereas natural soil pH appeared to be a key factor (r(2) = 0.68). A large part ( average of 96.9 +/- 4.1%) of the sorbed bentazone was released into aqueous solution after successive desorption steps, although some hysteresis was observed for each soil. Whereas soil pH was found to also influence bentazone desorption, other soil properties did not show well-defined relationships with sorption. C1 INRA, ENSAIA, INPL, UMR 1120,Lab Sols & Environm, F-54505 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. RP Boivin, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM aboivin@ussl.ars.usda.gov; Richard.cherrier@ensaia.inpl-nancy.fr; Michel.schiavon@ensaia.inpl-nancy.fr NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE J9 AGRON SUSTAIN DEV JI Agron. Sustain. Dev. PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 309 EP 315 DI 10.1051/agro:2005011 PG 7 WC Agronomy; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Agriculture; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 938DA UT WOS:000229978900019 ER PT J AU Mason, JB Choi, SW AF Mason, JB Choi, SW TI Effects of alcohol on folate metabolism: implications for carcinogenesis SO ALCOHOL LA English DT Article DE alcohol; folate; methionine synthase; carcinogenesis ID HEPATIC METHIONINE METABOLISM; S-ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE; CHRONIC ETHANOL; FOLATE/METHYL DEFICIENCY; DNA HYPOMETHYLATION; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; LIVER-INJURY; FOLIC-ACID; RAT-LIVER; HOMOCYSTEINE AB Epidemiologic observations implicate excess ethanol ingestion as well as low dietary folate intake as risk factors for several cancers. Moreover, the epidemiologic observations support the concept of a synergistic effect between these two factors. Such a relation is biologically plausible because ethanol impedes the bioavailability of dietary folate and is known to inhibit select folate-dependent biochemical reactions. For example, alcohol ingestion in animals is known to inhibit folate-mediated methionine synthesis and thereby may interrupt critical methylation processes that are mediated by the activated form of methionine that provides substrate for biologic methylation, S-adenosylmethionine. Consistent with this observed inhibition of methionine synthesis is the observation that chronic alcohol ingestion in laboratory animals is known to produce hypomethylation of DNA in the colonic mucosa, a constant feature of early colorectal neoplasia. Inhibition of methionine synthase also creates a "methylfolate trap," analogous to what occurs in vitamin B-12 deficiency. In addition, some evidence indicates that alcohol may redirect the utilization of folate toward serine synthesis and thereby may interfere with a critical function of methylenetetrahydrofolate, thymidine synthesis. Although a mechanistic link between alcohol and impaired folate metabolism in the genesis of cancer is still not definitively established, such a link should be pursued in future studies because of the intimate metabolic relation between alcohol and folate metabolism. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Mason, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM joel.mason@tufts.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [K05 CA100048, U54 CA100971] NR 44 TC 121 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0741-8329 J9 ALCOHOL JI Alcohol PD APR PY 2005 VL 35 IS 3 SI SI BP 235 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.alcohol.2005.03.012 PG 7 WC Substance Abuse; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Substance Abuse; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 958HS UT WOS:000231435900010 PM 16054985 ER PT J AU Wang, XD AF Wang, XD TI Alcohol, vitamin A, and cancer SO ALCOHOL LA English DT Article DE alcohol; retinoid; mitogen-activated protein kinases; signal transduction; cancer ID CHRONIC ETHANOL-CONSUMPTION; RETINOIC ACID CONCENTRATION; SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; INDUCED LIVER-DISEASE; RAT-LIVER; ACTIVATOR PROTEIN-1; C-JUN; ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE-2; BINDING PROTEIN-1; HEPATOMA-CELLS AB Chronic and excessive alcohol intake is associated with an increased risk of a variety of cancers (e.g., oral cavity, larynx, esophagus, liver, lung, colorectal, and breast). Retinoids (vitamin A and its derivatives) are known to exert profound effects on cellular growth, cellular differentiation, and apoptosis, thereby controlling carcinogenesis. Lower hepatic vitamin A levels have been well documented in alcoholics. Substantial research has been done, investigating the mechanisms by which excessive alcohol interferes with retinoid metabolism. More specifically, (1) alcohol acts as a competitive inhibitor of vitamin A oxidation to retinoic acid involving alcohol dehydrogenases and acetaldehydedehydrogenases; (2) alcohol-induced cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP), particularly CYP2E1, enhance catabolism of vitamin A and retinoic acid; and (3) alcohol alters retinoid homeostasis by increasing vitamin A mobilization from liver to extrahepatic tissues. As a consequence, long-term and excessive alcohol intake results in impaired status of retinoic acid, the most active derivative of vitamin A and a ligand for both retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors. Moreover, this alcohol-impaired retinoic acid homeostasis interferes with (1) retinoic acid signaling (e.g., down-regulates retinoid target gene expression) and (2) retinoic acid "cross-talk" with the mitogen-activated protein kinase [(MAPK), including Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and p38 kinase] signaling pathway. In addition, restoration of retinoic acid homeostasis by retinoic acid supplementation restored the normal status of both retinoid and MAPK signaling, thereby maintaining normal cell proliferation and apoptosis in alcohol-fed animals. These observations would have implications for the prevention of alcohol-promoted liver (and peripheral tissue) carcinogenesis. However, a better understanding of the alcohol-retinoid interaction and the molecular mechanisms involved is needed before retinoids can be pursued in the prevention of alcohol-related carcinogenesis in human beings, particularly regarding the detrimental effects of polar metabolites of vitamin A. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wang, XD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM xiang-dong.wang@tufts.edu FU NIAAA NIH HHS [R01AA12628] NR 60 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0741-8329 J9 ALCOHOL JI Alcohol PD APR PY 2005 VL 35 IS 3 SI SI BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.alcohol.2005.04.006 PG 8 WC Substance Abuse; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Substance Abuse; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 958HS UT WOS:000231435900012 PM 16054987 ER PT J AU Williams, RD Peal, LK Bartholomew, PW Williams, SJ AF Williams, RD Peal, LK Bartholomew, PW Williams, SJ TI Seed hydration-dehydration in an allelochemical (coumarin) alters germination and seedling growth SO ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE imbibition; priming; radicle elongation; radicle growth; radish; Raphanus sativus L.; seed germination; wetting-drying cycles AB Generally, when individual allelochemical compounds are tested at concentrations commonly found in the soil, using seed germination or seedling growth bioassays, germination is only delayed and seedling growth is inhibited slightly. However, seeds in the soil may pass through several hydration-dehydration cycles prior to germination. We examined the effect of imbibition of an allelochemical on subsequent seed germination and seedling growth, by exposing radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seeds to coumarin during hydration-dehydration cycles. Seed germination after 24 h exposure to the allelochemical, was 92%, 85%, 51%, 0% in the control and coumarin at 10(-5), 10(-4) and 10(-3) M, respectively, and was 99%, 96%, 96% and 24%, respectively at 48 h after exposure. When seeds were exposed to 10(-5) and 10(-3) M coumarin, during imbibition for 2, 4 or 6 h, and transferred to water, Subsequent germination was delayed. The longer the exposure to 10(-3) M coumarin, the greater was delay in germination. Seeds exposed to coumarin (10(-5) or 10(-3) M) for 5 h and air dried for 14 h still showed effect of allelochemical pretreatment. Seeds imbibed in 10(-5) or 10(-3) M coumarin, or water for 5 h, air dried for 14 h and germinated in water, 10(-5) M or 10(-3) M coumarin, reduced the radicle lengths at 48 h. If the seeds were hydrated in coumarin and dehydrated several times, subsequent radicle elongation was also reduced. Seeds hydrated in 10(-3) M coumarin for 1 to 3 cycles and geminated in either 10(-5) M coumarin or water showed a decrease, while seeds hydrated in water for 1 to 3 cycles and germinated in 10(-3) M coumarin showed a slight increase in radicle length with increased number of cycles. It appears that seeds in the soil could absorb an allelochemical during hydration - dehydration that would inhibit or delay germination and/or affect seedling growth rate, which would provide neighboring seedlings opportunity for faster establishment and a competitive advantage. C1 Langston Univ, USDA ARS, GRL, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Langston Univ, Dept Biol, Langston, OK 73050 USA. RP Williams, RD (reprint author), Langston Univ, USDA ARS, GRL, POB 1730, Langston, OK 73050 USA. EM rdwms@luresext.edu NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ALLELOPATHY FOUNDATION PI HISAR PA 9/12 CCS HARYANA AGRICULTURAL UNIV, HISAR 125 004, INDIA SN 0971-4693 J9 ALLELOPATHY J JI Allelopathy J. PD APR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 183 EP 195 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 924YS UT WOS:000229018100001 ER PT J AU Cox, B Eischen, F Graham, H AF Cox, B Eischen, F Graham, H TI American foulbrood survey in honey bees pollinating California almonds - Part I of three parts - Widespread incidence of AFB spores SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Res, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Cox, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Res, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD APR PY 2005 VL 145 IS 4 BP 302 EP 304 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 914MW UT WOS:000228232900012 ER PT J AU Lu, MY Taylor, A Chylack, LT Rogers, G Hankinson, SE Willett, WC Jacques, PF AF Lu, MY Taylor, A Chylack, LT Rogers, G Hankinson, SE Willett, WC Jacques, PF TI Dietary fat intake and early age-related lens opacities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE lens opacity; age-related cataract; diet; fatty acids; women; cross-sectional studies; polyunsaturated fatty acid; linoleic acid; linolenic acid ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; BREAST-CANCER; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; CATARACT FORMATION; ACID COMPOSITION; NUTRIENT INTAKE; NUDE-MICE; RISK; CHOLESTEROL; PLASMA AB Background: Dietary fat may affect lens cell membrane composition and function, which are related to age-related cataract. Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the association between long-term dietary fat intake and the prevalence of age-related nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular lens opacities. Design: Women (n = 440) aged 53-73 y from the Boston area without previously diagnosed cancer, diabetes, or cataract were selected from the Nurses' Health Study cohort. Intakes of total fat and selected fatty acids were calculated as the average of intake data from 5 food-frequency questionnaires collected between 1980 and the study eye examination (1993-1995). Nuclear opacity was defined as grade >= 2.5, cortical opacity as grade >= 1.0, and posterior subcapsular opacity as grade >= 0.5 according to the Lens Opacities Classification System III. Results: There were significant positive associations between linoleic and linolenic acid intakes and the prevalence of nuclear opacity. The odds ratios for nuclear opacity in women with intakes in the highest quartile and women with intakes in the lowest quartile were 2.2 (95% CI: 1.1, 4.6; P for trend = 0.02) for linoleic acid and 2.2 (95 % CI: 1.1, 4.5; P for trend = 0.05) for linolenic acid. There were no significant associations between intakes of any type of fat and either cortical or posterior subscapular opacity. Conclusions: High intake of the 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids linoleic acid and linolenic acid may increase the risk of age-related nuclear opacity. Further study is needed to clarify the relation between dietary fat and cataract risk. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Epidemiol Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Ophthalmol Res, Dept Ophthalmol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Jacques, PF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Epidemiol Program, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM paul.jacques@tufts.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-879694]; NEI NIH HHS [EY-13250, EY-09611, EY-014183] NR 43 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 2005 VL 81 IS 4 BP 773 EP 779 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 915CO UT WOS:000228275400008 PM 15817851 ER PT J AU Turnlund, JR Keyes, WR Kim, SK Domek, JM AF Turnlund, JR Keyes, WR Kim, SK Domek, JM TI Long-term high copper intake: effects on copper absorption, retention, and homeostasis in men SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE copper; absorption; retention; homeostasis; stable isotope; high copper intake ID STABLE-ISOTOPE CU-65; YOUNG MEN; DIETARY COPPER; SUPPLEMENTATION; MAGNESIUM; CIRRHOSIS; DILUTION; TRACER; HUMANS AB Background: Numerous studies have examined the effect of low and adequate intakes of copper on absorption and retention, but little information is available on the regulation of absorption and retention of copper when intake is high. Objective: A study was conducted in men to determine the effect of long-term high copper intake on copper absorption, retention, and homeostasis. Design: Nine men were confined to a metabolic research unit (MRU) for 18 d and were fed a 3-d rotating menu containing an average of 1.6 mg Cu/d. They continued the study under free-living conditions for 129 d, supplementing their usual diets with 7 mg Cu/d. They then returned to the MRU for 18 d and consumed the same diet as during the first period, except that copper intake was 7.8 mg/d. The stable isotope (CU)-C-63 was fed to 3 subjects and infused into the other 6 on day 7 of each MRU period, and complete urine and stool collections were made throughout the study. Total copper and (CU)-C-63 were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Copper absorption, excretion, and retention were calculated on the basis of dietary, urinary, and fecal copper and (CU)-C-63. Results: Results were as follows when comparing the high copper intake with the usual intake: fractional copper absorption was significantly lower, but the amount absorbed was significantly higher; excretion of the infused (CU)-C-63 was significantly faster; and total retention was significantly higher. Conclusions: Homeostatic regulation of copper absorption and retention helped to minimize the amount of copper retained with high copper intake but was not sufficient to prevent retention of > 0.6 mg Cu/d. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Soonchunhyang Univ, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Asan, Chungchongnamdo, South Korea. RP Turnlund, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jturnlun@whnrc.usda.gov NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 2005 VL 81 IS 4 BP 822 EP 828 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 915CO UT WOS:000228275400015 PM 15817858 ER PT J AU Purdy, CW Layton, RC Straus, DC Ayers, JR AF Purdy, CW Layton, RC Straus, DC Ayers, JR TI Virulence of fungal spores determined by tracheal inoculation of goats following inhalation of aerosolized sterile feedyard dust SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STACHYBOTRYS-CHARTARUM; ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; WEANLING GOATS; HUMAN-DISEASE; AIR-DUST; MYCOTOXINS; PARTICLES; MUCORMYCOSIS; CLEARANCE; ENDOTOXIN AB Objective-To compare the virulence of spores of 7 fungi by tracheal inoculation of goats following exposure of goats to an aerosol of sterilized feedyard dust. Animals-54 weanling Boer-Spanish goats. Procedure-A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. There were 7 fungal treatment groups, a tent control group, and a pen control group (n 6 goats/group). Goats in the 7 treatment and tent control groups were exposed to autoclaved aerosolized feedyard dust for 4 hours in a specially constructed tent. Goats in the 7 treatment groups were then inoculated intratracheally with 30 mL of a fungal spore preparation, whereas tent control goats were intratracheally inoculated with 30 mL of physiologic saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. These treatments were repeated each week for 6 weeks. Results-Severity of pathologic changes differed significantly among the 7 fungal treatment groups as determined on the basis of gross atelectatic and consolidated lung lesions and histologic lesions of the lungs. Descending order for severity of lesions was Mucor ramosissimus, Trichoderma viride, Chaetomium globosum, Stachybotrys chartarum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Monotospora lanuginosa. Trichoderma viride spores were the most invasive and were isolated from the bronchial lymph nodes and thoracic fluid of all 6 goats administered this organism. Spores were observed-histologically in lung tissues harvested 72 hours after inoculation from all treatment groups. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-4 of 7 fungal spore types induced significantly larger lung lesions, compared with those induced by the other 3 spore types or those evident in control goats. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Vet Diagnost Lab, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. RP Purdy, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, 2300 Expt Rd,PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 68 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD APR PY 2005 VL 66 IS 4 BP 615 EP 622 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.615 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 913GJ UT WOS:000228139300009 PM 15900941 ER PT J AU MacKenzie, RA AF MacKenzie, RA TI Spatial and temporal patterns in insect emergence from a southern Maine salt marsh SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; COASTAL WETLAND; AQUATIC INSECTS; DIPTERA; INVERTEBRATES; CHIRONOMIDAE; COMMUNITIES; HABITATS; ECOLOGY; CANADA AB Adult insects were collected using emergence traps front salt water pools, brackish water pools and vegetated marsh in the Little River Estuary, Wells, Maine, USA. Samples were continuously taken once every week from June through October of 2001 to examine the community composition, as well as the spatial and temporal patterns of insect emergence from a salt marsh system, Chironomus sp. and Tanytarsus spp. (Diptera: Chironomidae) chironomids were the most abundant insects emerging, the former representing 87% of all insects collected from brackish pools and the latter 55-80% of all insects collected from salt water pools and the vegetated marsh, respectively. Insect emergence was higher from brackish pools (1450 +/- 1 172 individuals(.)m(-2.)y(-1)) and vegetated marsh sites (1350 +/- 851 individuals(.)m(-2.) y(-1)), but not significantly different from salt water pools (289 126 individuals(.)m(-2.)y(-1)). Emergence of some species was restricted to certain marsh areas resulting in non-significant trends in patterns Of community composition, diversity and evenness. More species (n = 15) were collected from the vegetated marsh compared to brackish (n = 13) and salt water pools (n = 11), while diversity and evenness were greater in salt water pools (H' = 1.56 +/- 0.4, 0.5 +/- 0.2) compared to the vegetated marsh (H' = 1.18 +/- 0.8, 0.3 +/- 0.2) and brackish pools (H' = 0.72 +/- 0.01, 0.2 +/- 0.02). Temporal patterns of the two most abundant chironomids revealed increased numbers emerging in june (Tanytarsus spp. and Chironomus sp.) and again in September (Chironomus sp.). This suggests the importance of salt marsh insects as a food source to fish and birds, particularly during breeding and nesting seasons in the spring (June) or migratory season in the fall (September). C1 Wells Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Wells, ME 04090 USA. RP MacKenzie, RA (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 1151 Punchbowl St,Room 323, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM rmackenzie@fs.fed.us NR 51 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 17 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2005 VL 153 IS 2 BP 257 EP 269 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2005)153[0257:SATPII]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 917ZT UT WOS:000228508600007 ER PT J AU Horn, S Hanula, JL Ulyshen, MD AF Horn, S Hanula, JL Ulyshen, MD TI Abundance of green tree frogs and insects in artificial canopy gaps in a bottomland hardwood forest SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID UNDERSTORY BIRDS; TROPICAL FOREST; PATCH SIZE; SELECTION; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE; SALAMANDERS; ASSEMBLAGES; COLEOPTERA; DIVERSITY AB We found more green tree frogs (Hyla cinerea) in canopy gaps than in closed canopy forest. Of the 331 green tree frogs observed, 88% were in canopy gaps. Likewise, higher numbers and biomasses of insects were captured in the open gap habitat. Flies were the most commonly collected insect group accounting for 54% of the total capture. These data suggest that one reason green tree frogs were more abundant in canopy gaps was the increased availability of prey and that small canopy gaps provide early successional habitats that are beneficial to green tree frog populations. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, Forest Serv Savannah River, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. RP Horn, S (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM shorn01@fs.fed.us NR 49 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2005 VL 153 IS 2 BP 321 EP 326 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2005)153[0321:AOGTFA]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 917ZT UT WOS:000228508600013 ER PT J AU Moseley, KR Castleberry, SB Hanula, JL Ford, WM AF Moseley, KR Castleberry, SB Hanula, JL Ford, WM TI Diet of southern toads (Bufo terrestris) in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) stands subject to coarse woody debris manipulations SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FOREST MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; LONGLEAF PINE; ARTHROPOD DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEMS; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; PREY AB In the Southeastern United States, coarse woody debris (CWD) typicallyharbors high densities of invertebrates. However, its importance as a foraging substrate for southeastern amphibians is relatively unknown. We examined effects of CWD manipulations on diet composition of southern toads (Bufo terrestris) in upland loblolly pine (Pinus laeda) stands in the Coastal Plain of South Carolina. Twelve 9.3-ha plots were assigned one of the following treatments: removal- all CWD >= 10 cm in diameter and >= 60 cm long removed; downed- five-fold increase in volume of clown CWD; and unmanipulated control stands. We collected Southern toads >= 4 cut snout-vent length (SVL) during 14 d sampling periods in June and October 2002 june 2003 and during a 28 d sampling period in April 2003. We collected 80, 36 and 35 southern toads in control, downed and removal treatments, respectively. We found no difference in relative abundance or frequency of invertebrate groups consumed among treatments (P > 0.05). Average body weight (g), SVL (cm) and stomach content weight (g wet) of individuals also were similar among treatments (P > 0.05). The role of CWD as a foraging substrate for southern toads in loblolly pine stands of the southeastern Coastal Plain may be negligible, at least in the early stages of decay. C1 Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Moseley, KR (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Box 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM kmoseley@mix.wvu.edu NR 48 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2005 VL 153 IS 2 BP 327 EP 337 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2005)153[0327:DOSTBT]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 917ZT UT WOS:000228508600014 ER PT J AU Kamler, JF Ballard, WB Lemons, PR Gilliland, RL Mote, K AF Kamler, JF Ballard, WB Lemons, PR Gilliland, RL Mote, K TI Home range and habitat use of coyotes in an area of native prairie, farmland and CRP fields SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; GRASSLAND BIRDS; SWIFT FOXES; TEXAS; RESPECT; DEER AB From 1999 to 2001 we monitored 12 coyotes (Canis latrans) in northwestern Texas to determine their home ranges and habitat use in a landscape interspersed with native prairie, farmland and Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields. Annual home range size was 10.1 km(2) for residents and 84.5 km(2) for transients. We determined habitat use at two spatial scales: within home ranges and within study area. Habitat use patterns were similar at both scales, as residents selected for native prairie and transients selected for CRP fields. Habitat use between residents and transients differed in both seasons, with residents selecting more native prairie, less farmland and less CRP (summer only) than transients. Habitat at natal den sites also differed front expected for residents, as most dens (8 of 10) were located in CRP fields. The CRP fields contained the only tall Permanent vegetation on our study sites and appeared to provide important foraging habitat for transient coyotes, and denning habitat for resident coyotes. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. W Texas A&M Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. Texas Pks & Wildlife Dept, Brownwood, TX 76801 USA. RP Ballard, WB (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Box 42125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM warren.ballard@ttu.edu RI Kamler, Jan/F-8520-2011 NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2005 VL 153 IS 2 BP 396 EP 404 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2005)153[0396:HRAHUO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 917ZT UT WOS:000228508600021 ER PT J AU Vallet, JL Freking, BA Leymaster, KA Christenson, RK AF Vallet, JL Freking, BA Leymaster, KA Christenson, RK TI Allelic variation in the erythropoietin receptor gene is associated with uterine capacity and litter size in swine SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE erythropoiesis; foetus; placenta; pregnancy ID FETAL ERYTHROPOIESIS; PROTEIN SECRETION; CANDIDATE GENE; REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS; OVULATION RATE; PIG LINES; GILTS; LOCUS; GENOTYPES; GATA-1 AB A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; C vs. T) that creates an extra GATA-1 site (T allele) in intron 4 of the swine erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) gene was discovered and a genotyping assay for this SNP was developed. A total of 402 gilts from lines selected either at random (control), for ovulation rate (OR) or for uterine capacity (UC) for 11 generations were unilaterally hysterectomized-ovariectomized (UHO) at 160 days of age, mated at approximately 250 days of age and slaughtered at 105 days of pregnancy. Blood samples and spleens were collected from each foetus and the numbers of corpora lutea (CL) and live foetuses, the weights of each foetus and placenta, and each foetal haematocrit were recorded. In addition, intact gilts from the OR line or from a Yorkshire, Landrace, Duroc, crossbred line (BX) were mated and farrowed. At farrowing, the numbers of fully formed and live piglets were recorded for each litter. Genomic DNA was isolated for both the UHO and intact gilts, from foetuses from the UHO gilts that were heterozygous for the EPOR SNP, and from the boars from the BX line and were then used to determine EPOR SNP genotypes. Only CC and CT gilts were observed in the control, OR and UC selected lines. Presence of the EPOR T allele was associated (P < 0.05) with increased UC in these gilts. The number of heterozygous and homozygous foetuses did not differ within UHO litters, or did EPOR genotype influence foetal haematocrit. In intact gilts from the OR line, litter size was significantly associated (P < 0.05) with EPOR SNP genotype. Finally, results from intact gilts of the BX line, in which both the gilt and the boar genotypes were known, allowed an analysis to determine the effect of the gilt and/or the foetal genotype on litter size. This analysis indicated that the predicted foetal genotype (with gilt genotype as covariate) was associated with litter size (an increase of 2.6 +/- 1.0 piglets born alive predicted for homozygous T litters compared with homozygous C litters, P < 0.01) whereas the effect of the gilt genotype (adjusted for foetal genotype) on litter size was not significant. These results indicate that the EPOR SNP is associated with UC and litter size in two distinct populations and could be useful in increasing litter size in swine that are not limited in OR. C1 ARS, USDA, RLH US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Vallet, JL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, RLH US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM vallet@email.marc.usda.gov RI Freking, Brad/C-6494-2008 NR 33 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2005 VL 36 IS 2 BP 97 EP 103 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01233.x PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 907LQ UT WOS:000227720000001 PM 15771717 ER PT J AU Kim, JG Nonneman, D Vallet, JL Rohrer, GA Christenson, RK AF Kim, JG Nonneman, D Vallet, JL Rohrer, GA Christenson, RK TI Linkage mapping of the porcine myelin basic protein gene to chromosome 1 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID DISCOVERY C1 US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Christenson, RK (reprint author), US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM christenson@email.marc.usda.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2005 VL 36 IS 2 BP 163 EP 164 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01236.x PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 907LQ UT WOS:000227720000015 PM 15771731 ER PT J AU Kim, JG Nonneman, D Vallet, JL Rohrer, GA Christenson, RK AF Kim, JG Nonneman, D Vallet, JL Rohrer, GA Christenson, RK TI Linkage mapping of the porcine chromogranin B (CHGB) gene to chromosome 17 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID DISCOVERY C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE USA. US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Christenson, RK (reprint author), LSU, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Sch Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM christenson@email.marc.usda.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2005 VL 36 IS 2 BP 168 EP 168 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01241.x PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 907LQ UT WOS:000227720000018 PM 15771735 ER PT J AU Karsi, A Waldbieser, GC AF Karsi, A Waldbieser, GC TI Linkage mapping of the channel catfish proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; PITUITARY; STRESS C1 Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Karsi, A (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Basic Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM karsi@cvm.msstate.edu OI Karsi, Attila/0000-0001-6845-3346 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2005 VL 36 IS 2 BP 171 EP 173 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01243.x PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 907LQ UT WOS:000227720000020 PM 15771736 ER PT J AU Wang, HL Grusak, MA AF Wang, HL Grusak, MA TI Structure and development of Medicago truncatula pod wall and seed coat SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE development; structure; morphology; microscopy; pod; pod wall; seed; seed coat; Fabaceae; Medicago truncatula; legumes ID PISUM-SATIVUM-L; VICIA-FABA L; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; PHOTOSYNTHATE TRANSFER; LEGUMES; PATHWAY; MODEL; REDISTRIBUTION; LEGUMINOSAE; RESISTANCE AB center dot Background and Aims Medicago truncatula has gained much attention as a genomic model species for legume biology, but little is known about the morphology of its pods and seeds. Structural and developmental characteristics of M. truncatula pod walls and seed coats are presented. center dot Methods Plants of M. truncatula ecotype A 17 were grown under controlled conditions in a greenhouse. Flowers were date-tagged at anthesis, so that pods of known age could be collected. Harvested pods were fixed and sectioned for light microscopy. Structural attributes of pod walls and seed coats were characterized at four time points throughout early to mid-stages of pod development (3, 6, 13 and 20 d post-pollination). center dot Key Results Basic features of the pod wall are an exocarp comprised of a single epidermal layer, a mesocarp with seven to 14 layers of parenchyma cells, and an endocarp composed of an inner epidermal cell layer and three to five layers of sclerenchyma cells adjacent to it. Vascular bundles are abundant in the pod wall and include one lateral carpellary bundle, one median carpellary bundle and nine to 12 vascular bundles, all embedded within the mesocarp parenchyma. Seed coat features include an epidermal layer of macrosclereids, a sub-epidermal layer of osteosclereids, and two to five rows of internal parenchyma cells. The hilar region contains the tracheid bar and the chalazal vascular bundle, the latter of which expands to form only two short branches. center dot Conclusions This characterization provides a needed understanding of pod structure and development in this model legume, and should facilitate various molecular investigations into legume fruit and seed biology. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Wang, HL (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. EM hxwang@ualr.edu NR 34 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD APR PY 2005 VL 95 IS 5 BP 737 EP 747 DI 10.1093/aob/mci080 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 916UC UT WOS:000228410700002 PM 15703184 ER PT J AU Dassanayake, RP Sarath, G Duhamel, GE AF Dassanayake, RP Sarath, G Duhamel, GE TI Penicillin-binding proteins in the pathogenic intestinal spirochete Brachyspira pilosicoli SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID DIGOXIGENIN; AMPICILLIN; IDENTIFICATION; HELICOBACTER; TREPONEMA; BLOOD AB Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of slightly different molecular masses (94, 62 or 68, 42 or 50, 25, and 22 kDa) were identified in one human and two porcine Brachyspira pilosicoli strains. Identification of PBPs of B. pilosicoli provides a basis for characterization of the genes encoding these proteins among pathogenic intestinal spirochetes of humans and animals. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Duhamel, GE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM gduhamel1@unl.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR016469] NR 24 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD APR PY 2005 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1561 EP 1563 DI 10.1128/AAC.49.4.1561-1563.2005 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 912MK UT WOS:000228082500043 PM 15793139 ER PT J AU Weimer, PJ Dien, BS Springer, TL Vogel, KP AF Weimer, PJ Dien, BS Springer, TL Vogel, KP TI In vitro gas production as a surrogate measure of the fermentability of cellulosic biomass to ethanol SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FERMENTATION; INVITRO; FORAGES AB Current methods for measuring ethanol yields from lignocellulosic biomass are relatively slow and are not well geared for analyzing large numbers of samples generated by feedstock management and breeding research. The objective of this study was to determine if an in vitro ruminal fermentation assay used in forage quality research was predictive of results obtained using a conventional biomass-to-ethanol conversion assay. In the conventional assay, herbaceous biomass samples were converted to ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures in the presence of cellulase enzymes. Cultures were grown in sealed serum bottles and gas production monitored by measuring increasing head space pressure. Gas accumulation as calculated from the pressure measurements was highly correlated (r(2)> 0.9) with ethanol production measured by gas chromatography at 24 h or 7 days. The same feedstocks were also analyzed by in vitro ruminal digestion, as also measured by gas accumulation. Good correlations (r(2)similar to 0.63-0.82) were observed between ethanol production during simultaneous saccharification and fermentation and gas accumulation in parallel in vitro ruminal fermentations. Because the in vitro ruminal fermentation assay can be performed without sterilization of the medium and does not require aseptic conditions, this assay may be useful for biomass feedstock agronomic and breeding research. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. ARS, USDA, So Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK USA. ARS, USDA, Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Weimer, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM pjweimer@wisc.edu OI Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 14 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 67 IS 1 BP 52 EP 58 DI 10.1007/s00253-004-1844-7 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 913XA UT WOS:000228187700008 PM 15614558 ER PT J AU Evans, JJ Pasnik, DJ Peres, H Lim, C Klesius, PH AF Evans, JJ Pasnik, DJ Peres, H Lim, C Klesius, PH TI No apparent differences in intestinal histology of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fed heat-treated and non-heat-treated raw soybean meal SO AQUACULTURE NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE diet; fish; histology; intestine; nutrition; soybean meal ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; DISTAL INTESTINE; PROTEIN; GROWTH; DIETS; BINDING AB The histopathologic effects of feeding heat-treated soybean meal to fingerling channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were studied. Fish were fed one of six diets: a diet containing 450 g kg(-1) commercial soybean meal (CSBM), or diets with the CSBM replaced by non-heat-treated raw soybean meal (RSBM0), or RSBM heated at 130 degrees C for 5 min (RSBM5), 10 min (RSBM10), 20 min (RSBM20) or 40 min (RSBM40). After 10 weeks, tissue samples were taken from the stomach, proximal intestine, distal intestine, liver, pancreas and spleen from fish in each group for histologic examination. Mild necrotic lesions were found in the gastric glands, pancreas and liver of fish in all the groups (treatment and control groups). Hepatic glycogen deposition was also observed in all the groups, and the spleen samples exhibited considerable brownish-black pigment deposition around the splenic corpuscles and diffuse mild-to-moderate congestion in all of the groups. Generally, these histologic effects appeared to be equivocal between all of the groups, and no abnormalities were noted in the proximal or distal intestine. These findings suggest that feeding channel catfish a diet containing 450 g kg(-1) non-heat-treated RSBM did not cause severe histologic changes associated with soybean meal anti-nutritional factors as have been reported in salmonids. C1 ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL USA. RP Pasnik, DJ (reprint author), ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, 151 Dixon Dr, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. EM dpasnik@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov RI Peres, Helena/A-1439-2009 OI Peres, Helena/0000-0002-2568-8361 NR 23 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1353-5773 J9 AQUACULT NUTR JI Aquac. Nutr. PD APR PY 2005 VL 11 IS 2 BP 123 EP 129 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2004.00329.x PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 906MW UT WOS:000227647300005 ER PT J AU Jacques, PF Taylor, A Moeller, S Hankinson, SE Rogers, G Tung, W Ludovico, J Willett, WC Chylack, LT AF Jacques, PF Taylor, A Moeller, S Hankinson, SE Rogers, G Tung, W Ludovico, J Willett, WC Chylack, LT TI Long-term nutrient intake and 5-year change in nuclear lens opacities SO ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; CATARACT-EXTRACTION; DIETARY QUESTIONNAIRE; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; VITAMIN-A; US WOMEN; RISK; CAROTENOIDS; REPRODUCIBILITY AB Objective: To determine if usual nutrient intake is related to a 5-year change in the amount of lens nuclear opacification assessed by computer-assisted image analysis. Design: A sample of 408 Boston, Mass-area women from the Nurses' Health Study aged 52 to 74 years at baseline participated in a 5-year study related to nutrition and vision. Usual nutrient intake was calculated as the average intake from 5 food frequency questionnaires that were collected over a 13- to 15-year period before the baseline evaluation of lens nuclear density. Duration of vitamin supplement use before baseline was determined from 7 questionnaires collected during this same period. We assessed the degree of nuclear density (opacification) using computer-assisted image analysis of digital lens images with amount of nuclear density measured as a function of average pixel gray scale, ranging from 0 (clear) to 255 (black). Results: Median (range) baseline and follow-up nuclear densities were 44 (19 to 102) and 63 (32 to 213). The median (range) 5-year change in nuclear density was 18 (-29 to 134) and was positively correlated with the amount of opacification at baseline (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.35; P < .001). Geometric mean 5-year change in nuclear density was inversely associated with the intake of riboflavin (P trend = .03) and thiamin (P trend = .04) and duration of vitamin E supplement use (P trend = .006). Conclusion: Our results suggest that long-term use of vitamin E supplements and higher riboflavin and/or thiamin intake may reduce the progression of age-related lens opacification. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Madison, WI USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Ctr Ophthalm Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Ctr Ophthalm Res,Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Ctr Ophthalm Res,Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM allen.taylor@tufts.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-40356]; NEI NIH HHS [EY-13250, EY-14183, EY-09611] NR 38 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0003-9950 J9 ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC JI Arch. Ophthalmol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 123 IS 4 BP 517 EP 526 DI 10.1001/archopht.123.4.517 PG 10 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 913FQ UT WOS:000228137400013 PM 15824226 ER PT J AU Booth, DT Cox, SE Fifield, C Phillips, M Williamson, N AF Booth, DT Cox, SE Fifield, C Phillips, M Williamson, N TI Image analysis compared with other methods for measuring ground cover SO ARID LAND RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bare ground; digital image; green vegetation cover; line intercept; pace transect; point frame; VegMeasure; remote sensing ID QUADRATS AB Ground cover is a key indicator of rangeland health but conventional methods for measuring ground cover are labor intensive. Analysis of digital images has the potential to reduce ground-cover-measurement labor requirements. We compared cover measurements by image analyses of digital images (sensor resolution =0.97 mm/ pixel ground sample distance) with measurements derived from a laser point frame, and from two transect methods. We found there was low agreement in plot-to-plot comparisons but results were usually not different when averaged over a large number of plots or transects. We conclude that image analysis of large numbers of samples (images) produce mean values not different from conventional field methods, and, that image analysis is a superior choice for detecting relative change, since it facilitates greater data collection, reduces human bias by limiting human judgments, and provides a permanent record in images that can be retained for future scrutiny. C1 USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. USDI, Bur Land Management, Casper, WY USA. USDI, Natl Pk Serv, Estes Pk, CO USA. RP Booth, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM terry.booth@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-4982 J9 ARID LAND RES MANAG JI Arid Land Res. Manag. PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 19 IS 2 BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.1080/15324980590916486 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 915IY UT WOS:000228299100001 ER PT J AU Raina, AK Park, YI Ingber, BF Murphy, C AF Raina, AK Park, YI Ingber, BF Murphy, C TI Structure and developmental changes in the tergal glands of adult females of Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae) SO ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE tergal glands; termite; glandular cells; secretion ID SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE; PRIMARY REPRODUCTIVES; EPIDERMAL GLANDS; BEHAVIOR; ULTRASTRUCTURE AB Female alates of the Formosan subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus, possess a pair of glands under the 9th and 10th abdominal tergites. These tergal glands located just below the cuticle have two distinct regions. The outer part is made up of type I cells. These cells possess large nuclei, abundant mitochondria and bundles of microtubules. Apically the cells possess a distinct layer of microvilli. Numerous ducts with thick cuticular walls are seen traversing this region and the cuticle. The basal two thirds of the gland is composed of glandular cells which in the post-swarming female are packed with electron dense granules closely associated with mitochondria. The basement membrane has several conspicuous invaginations giving the gland a segmented appearance. In newly molted females, the glandular area lacks the dense granules but instead has electron lucent granules. Following swarming the alates lose their wings, a male and a female form a nuptial chamber, mate and lay eggs. In 7-10 day old females, the dense granules coalesce forming larger granules that appear to move towards the area of the intersegmental membrane for possible release. Also the cells appear to degenerate and large number of vacuoles appear throughout the gland. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, ARS, Formosan Subterrean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. USDA, ARS, Cotton Struct Qual Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. USDA, ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Raina, AK (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Formosan Subterrean Termite Res Unit, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM araina@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1467-8039 J9 ARTHROPOD STRUCT DEV JI Arthropod Struct. Dev. PD APR PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.asd.2005.01.001 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 938RT UT WOS:000230021300002 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM AF Ordovas, JM TI Genetics, diet and healthy aging: The importance of cardiovascular disease prevention SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 75th Congress of the European-Atherosclerosis-Society CY APR 23-26, 2005 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP European Atherosclerosis Soc C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD APR PY 2005 VL 6 IS 1 BP 6 EP 7 DI 10.1016/S1567-5688(05)80024-8 PG 2 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 921BK UT WOS:000228739000025 ER PT J AU Perez-Martinez, P Lopez-Miranda, J Lozano, A Moreno, JA Bellido, C Jimenez, Y Delgado-Lista, J Fuentes, F Ordovas, JM Perez-Jimenez, F AF Perez-Martinez, P Lopez-Miranda, J Lozano, A Moreno, JA Bellido, C Jimenez, Y Delgado-Lista, J Fuentes, F Ordovas, JM Perez-Jimenez, F TI The APOB-516C/T polymorphism is associated with a more atherogenic lipid, profile in males independently of the consumption of dietary fat SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 75th Congress of the European-Atherosclerosis-Society CY APR 23-26, 2005 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP European Atherosclerosis Soc C1 Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Lipids & Atherosclerosis Res Unit, Cordoba, Spain. JM USDA, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD APR PY 2005 VL 6 IS 1 BP 7 EP 7 DI 10.1016/S1567-5688(05)80026-1 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 921BK UT WOS:000228739000027 ER PT J AU Witter, RL Calnek, BW Buscaglia, C Gimeno, IM Schat, KA AF Witter, RL Calnek, BW Buscaglia, C Gimeno, IM Schat, KA TI Classification of Marek's disease viruses according to pathotype: philosophy and methodology SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; VACCINATED CHICKENS; STRAINS; HERPESVIRUS; SEROTYPE-1; PATHOGENICITY; VIRULENCE; EXPANSION; LYMPHOMA; MDV AB The concept of pathotype in Marek's disease ( MD) probably dates from the recognition of a more virulent form of the disease in the late 1950s (Benton & Cover, 1957). Distinctions between MD virus strains were further expanded with the description of the vv pathotype in the early 1980s and of the vv + pathotype in the 1990s. Pathotype designations reflect important biological properties that correlate with the break-through of vaccinal immunity in the field. However, pathotyping methods applied by various laboratories have not been uniform, preventing critical comparison of results. Better uniformity of pathotyping procedures is desirable. The Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory (ADOL) method is based on induction of lymphoproliferative lesions in vaccinated chickens. This method has been used to pathotype more than 45 isolates and is the basis for the current pathotype classification of MD virus strains. Its limitations include requirements for a specific type of chickens ( 15 x 7 ab +), large numbers of animals, and a statistical method to compare lesion responses to those of JM/102W and Md5 control strains. Because of these limitations, it has not been and is not likely to be used in other laboratories. Comparability in pathotyping can be improved by the comparison of field isolates with standard prototype strains such as JM/102W, Md5 and 648A ( American Type Culture Collection) or their equivalents. Data may be generated by different in vivo procedures that measure tumour induction, neurological disease ( both neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions), or solely non-neoplastic criteria ( such as lymphoid organ weights or virus replication). Methods based on neoplastic criteria, especially when generated in MD-immunized chickens, will probably correlate most closely with that of the ADOL method and be most relevant to evolution of MD virus in the field. Based on data from several trials, a modification of the ADOL method that utilizes fewer chickens and can be conducted with commercial specific pathogen free strains is proposed. The modified method is based on "best fit'' comparisons with prototype strains, and is expected to provide results generally comparable with the original method. A variety of other alternative criteria ( see earlier) are also evaluated both for primary pathotyping and as adjuncts to other pathotyping methods. Advantages and disadvantages of alternative methods are presented. C1 ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Nacl La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Comis Invest Cient Prov Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Witter, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM witterR@msu.edu NR 65 TC 74 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 BP 75 EP 90 DI 10.1080/03079450500059255 PG 16 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 922JW UT WOS:000228834800001 PM 16191686 ER PT J AU Wheeler, GS AF Wheeler, GS TI Maintenance of a narrow host range by Oxyops vitiosa; a biological control agent of Melaleuca quinquenervia SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE host plant range; nutritional quality; weed biological control; nitrogen; terpenoids ID PLANT VOLATILES; RECEPTOR NEURONS; ESSENTIAL OIL; WEED-CONTROL; SPECIFICITY; COMPONENTS; EVOLUTION; INSECTS; WEEVIL; BEETLE AB Host range expansion in insect herbivores is often thought to be mediated by several factors, principal among them are secondary plant metabolites. In weed biological control, the host range of a prospective agent is one of the most important considerations in its implementation. Extensive host testing tests seek to determine the behavioral acceptance and nutritional value of different test plant species to the potential agent. A list of test plants is compiled that comprises species that are close taxonomic relatives of the target weed plus other species of economic or ecologic importance. The host testing of the Melaleuca quinquenervia biological control agent Oxyops vitiosa indicated that larvae would accept and complete development on the Australian target weed M. quinquenervia, two Australian ornamental species, Callistemon citrina, Callistemon viminalis (all Myrtaceae). However, the larvae did not complete development when fed a North American species Myrica cerifera (Myricaceae). The study reported here confirms these results and examines the nutritional and performance differences in O. vitiosa larvae fed leaves of these species. The leaf quality factors, percent moisture, percent nitrogen, toughness, and terpenoid content were related to larval survival, performance and digestive indices. The results indicate that plant quality among the Myrtaceae species was generally similar and correspondingly larval survival, performance and digestive indices differed little when larvae were fed leaves of these species. However, significant differences occurred in the plant quality of the North American M. cerifera compared with the Australian species which had leaves with the lowest percent moisture, lowest leaf toughness, highest percent nitrogen. This species, however, is not a physiological host as none of the neonates survived to pupate. When third instars were switched to M. cerifera from their normal host M. quinquenervia reductions were found in survival, biomass gain, digestive efficiency, and conversion of digested food to insect biomass. The marginal acceptance of this North American native plant in laboratory bioassays appears related to the terpenoid chemistry that has similarities to the taxonomically unrelated host M. quinquenervia. However, the high larval mortality corresponds to several novel terpenoids that are not present in the host. For weed biological control host testing these results indicate that M. cerifera is a poor host for O. vitiosa. Additionally, future test plant lists should include plants with secondary metabolites similar to the target weed as these compounds may constitute behavioral cues that are relevant to these specialized herbivores. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Wheeler, GS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM wheelerg@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-1978 J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 BP 365 EP 383 DI 10.1016/j.bse.2004.10.010 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 905NO UT WOS:000227575600004 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Pemberton, RW AF Lee, JH Pemberton, RW TI Larval parasitoids of the apple ermine moth, Yponomeuta malinellus in Korea, Japan, and China SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE apple pests; classical biological control; northeast Asia; parasitoid; Ypono-meuta malinellus; Yponomeutidae ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; LATREILLE LEPIDOPTERA; HYMENOPTERA; NORTHWEST AB Larval parasitoids of Yponomeuta malinellus Zell. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), the apple ermine moth (AEM), were sought in northeast Asia with the goal of identifying potential biological controls of the moth, which appeared to threaten the apple industry in Washington State, USA during the 1980s. Ten primary and four secondary parasitoids were found. Dolichogenidea delecta (Haliday) (Braconidae), Ageniaspis fuscicollis (Dalman) (Encyrtidae), Herpestomus brunnicornis Grav. (Icheumonidae), Bessa paralella (Meigen), and Zenillia dolosa (Meigen) (Tachinidae) were the most important parasitoids. The composition of parasitoid species was more diverse in Korea and Japan than in China; two species were found in China, compared to nine in Korea and seven in Japan. A. fuscicollis caused a greater mortality in all investigated countries; 22.7, 11.0, and 9.3% in China, Korea, and Japan, respectively. There was a high similarity in the composition of the parasitoid complex between Korean and Honshu populations but the rates of parasitization were different. The polyphagous B paralella caused significantly higher parasitism in Honshu (18.2%) than in Korea (0.5%). In contrast, H. brunnicornis caused significantly higher parasitism in Korea (8.7%) than in Japan (2.4%). A. fuscicollis and H. brunnicornis, judged to be the most appropriate parasitoids for biological control of AEM moth in the USA, were collected and sent to the USA for release. A. fuscicollis established and is contributing to the control of AEM. C1 Dongguk Univ, Res Inst Nat Sci, Seoul 100715, South Korea. ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, USDA, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Dongguk Univ, Res Inst Nat Sci, Seoul 100715, South Korea. EM ecojhl@dongguk.edu NR 30 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD APR PY 2005 VL 50 IS 2 BP 247 EP 258 DI 10.1007/s10526-004-0454-8 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 899OG UT WOS:000227153400004 ER PT J AU Kennedy, RSH Spies, TA AF Kennedy, RSH Spies, TA TI Dynamics of hardwood patches in a conifer matrix: 54 years of change in a forested landscape in Coastal Oregon, USA SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE patch population dynamics; red alder (Alnus rubra); historical landscape; Oregon coast range; forest management ID RED ALDER; SPATIAL PATTERN; RANGE; PLANTATIONS; SUCCESSION; DIVERSITY; GROWTH; EXPORT; ALNUS; GAPS AB Changes to minor patch types in forested landscapes may have large consequences for forest biodiversity. The effects of forest management and environment on these secondary patch types are often poorly understood. For example, do early-to-mid successional minor patch types become more expansive as late successional forest types are fragmented or do they also become More fragmented in managed landscapes? We evaluated the dynamics of early-to-mid successional hardwood patches in a conifer-dominated landscape in relation to environment and land ownership in the central Coast Range of Oregon. USA. from the time of early logging to the present-day using scanned and georeferenced aerial photographs and a GIS. Hardwood patches declined in size, number, total area, and within-patch cover-type heterogeneity, and became more irregular in shape. Patch turnover and fragmentation was high. with most patches present at the historical date disappearing by the present-day. Land ownership was important to hardwood patch dynamics: hardwoods declined on lands owned by the USDA Forest Service. increased on non-industrial private lands. and were at similar levels at both dates on private forest industry lands. Patch locations became more restricted to near-stream. low er elevation areas where hardwoods are competitive. The relatively extensive distribution of hardwood patches at the historical date probably resulted from earlier fire, selective logging, and grazing. In recent decades, forest management that includes fire suppression and intensive management, and ecological constraints have resulted in a landscape in which early-to-mid successional hardwood patches have been reduced in size, fragmented, and restricted to particular locales. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kennedy, RSH (reprint author), USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rebeccakennedy@fs.fed.us NR 61 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD APR PY 2005 VL 122 IS 3 BP 363 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2004.07.022 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 887YK UT WOS:000226341200001 ER PT J AU Morrison, LW Porter, SD AF Morrison, LW Porter, SD TI Testing for population-level impacts of introduced Pseudacteon tricuspis flies, phorid parasitoids of Solenopsis invicta fire ants SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control; parasitoid; phoridae; Pseudacteon tricuspis; Solenopsis invicta ID HOST-SPECIFICITY; NATURAL ENEMIES; RANGE EXPANSION; BOTTOM-UP; TOP-DOWN; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; DIPTERA; ARGENTINA; BEHAVIOR AB Parasitoid phorid flies in the genus Pseudacteon are potential biocontrol agents of invasive Solenopsis fire ants in the US. One Pseudacteon species, P. tricuspis Borgmeier, has been released and is now established over a large region of north central Florida. We conducted a multi-year, large-scale field experiment to investigate potential population-level impacts on host Solenopsis invicta Buren fire ants and associated arthropods. We established and monitored 67 field sites over a 3.5 year period, documenting S. invicta density and activity by three complementary sampling methods: (1) mound counts and measurements, (2) attraction to baits, and (3) pitfall trap catches. P. tricuspis abundance was determined by censusing flies at disturbed S. invicta mounds. P. tricuspis populations increased in abundance over the first two years following colonization and then oscillated seasonally, reaching higher abundances in the fall than in the preceding spring. S. invicta populations varied greatly over time, and repeated-measures ANCOVA revealed no effect of phorid parasitism pressure on S. invicta density or activity. P. tricuspis likely has a relatively small effect on S. invicta populations, which may not be consistent over space and time and is difficult to document against the background of high variability in fire ant populations due to various environmental factors (i.e., rainfall, disturbance). P. tricuspis parasitism pressure (averaged over the course of the experiment) was positively associated with changes in S. invicta density. Additionally, P. tricuspis abundance was positively correlated with S. invicta density after P. tricuspis populations had been established for > 1 year. Introduced phorid populations may require many years before a measurable impact is apparent. Alternatively, parasitism pressure of a single phorid species may not be a major factor regulating fire ant populations. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Morrison, LW (reprint author), SW Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, 901 S Natl Ave, Springfield, MO 65804 USA. EM llm868f@smsu.edu RI Morrison, Lloyd/A-8949-2013 OI Morrison, Lloyd/0000-0002-9375-843X NR 64 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD APR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 BP 9 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.01.004 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 911YP UT WOS:000228043300002 ER PT J AU Lima, IM Marshal, WE AF Lima, IM Marshal, WE TI Granular activated carbons from broiler manure: physical, chemical and adsorptive properties SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE activated carbon; broiler manure; copper ion remediation ID SEWAGE-SLUDGE; ESTIMATED COST; ALMOND SHELLS; METALS; REMEDIATION AB Broiler manure produced at large concentrated facilities poses risks to the quality of water and public health. This study utilizes broiler litter and cake as source materials for granular activated carbon production and optimizes conditions for their production. Pelletized manure samples were pyrolyzed at 700 degreesC for I h followed by activation in an inert atmosphere under steam a( different water flow rates, for a period ranging from 15 to 75 min. Carbon physical and adsorptive properties were dependent on activation time and quantity of steam used as activant, yields varied from 18% to 28%. surface area varied from 253 to 5,48 m(2)/g and copper ion adsorption varied from 0.13 to 1.92 mmol Cu2+/g carbon. Best overall performing carbons were steam activated for 45 min at 3 ml/ min. Comparative studies with commercial carbons revealed the broiler cake-based carbon as having the highest copper ion efficiency. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Commod Utilizat Res, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Lima, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Commod Utilizat Res, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd,POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM imlima@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 96 IS 6 BP 699 EP 706 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2004.06.021 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 889NW UT WOS:000226450700006 PM 15588772 ER PT J AU Chornesky, EA Bartuska, AM Aplet, GH Britton, KO Cummings-Carlson, J Davis, FW Eskow, J Gordon, DR Gottschalk, KW Haack, RA Hansen, AJ Mack, RN Rahel, FJ Shannon, MA Wainger, LA Wigley, TB AF Chornesky, EA Bartuska, AM Aplet, GH Britton, KO Cummings-Carlson, J Davis, FW Eskow, J Gordon, DR Gottschalk, KW Haack, RA Hansen, AJ Mack, RN Rahel, FJ Shannon, MA Wainger, LA Wigley, TB TI Science priorities for reducing the threat of invasive species to sustainable forestry SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE invasive; sustainable; forestry; management; global change ID SUDDEN OAK DEATH; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PLANT INVASIONS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; NORTH-AMERICA; BARRIER ZONES; SPREAD; LANDSCAPE AB Invasive species pose a major, yet poorly addressed, threat to sustainable forestry. Here we set forth an interdisciplinary science strategy, of research, development, and applications to reduce this threat. To spur action by public and private entities that too often are slow, reluctant, or unable to act, we recommend (a) better integrating invasive species into sustainable forestry frameworks such as the Montreal Process and forest certification programs; (b) developing improved cost estimates to inform choices about international trade and pest suppression efforts; and (c) building distributed information systems that deliver information on risks, identification, and response strategies. To enhance the success of prevention and management actions, we recommend (a) advancing technologies for molecular identification, expert systems, and remote sensing, (b) evolving approaches for ecosystem and landscape management; and (c) better anticipating interactions between species invasions and other global change processes. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20090 USA. Wilderness Soc, Denver, CO 80202 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Fitchburg, WI 53711 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Int Paper, Savannah, GA 31402 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Sch Law, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement Inc, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Chornesky, EA (reprint author), POB 22665, Carmel, CA 93922 USA. EM echornesky@sbeglobal.net RI Wainger, Lisa/H-7640-2012; Davis, Frank/B-7010-2009 OI Wainger, Lisa/0000-0002-3983-8850; Davis, Frank/0000-0002-4643-5718 NR 66 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD APR PY 2005 VL 55 IS 4 BP 335 EP 348 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0335:SPFRTT]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 914UE UT WOS:000228252500009 ER PT J AU Bennedsen, BS Peterson, DL AF Bennedsen, BS Peterson, DL TI Performance of a system for apple surface defect identification in near-infrared images SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB This paper reports the development and testing of machine vision systems for sorting apples for surface defects, including bruises. The system operated on apples, which were oriented with the stem/calyx axis perpendicular to the imaging camera. Grey-scale images in the visible wavebands were used to verify orientation. Images for detection of defects were acquired through two optical filters at 740 and 950 nm, respectively. Defects were detected using a combination of three different threshold segmentation routines and one routine based on artificial neural networks and principal components. The paper reports quantitative measurement of the performance of the system for verification of orientation and a combination of the four segmentation routines. The routines were evaluated using eight different apple varieties. The ability of the routines to find individual defects and measure the area ranged from 77 to 91% for the number of defects detected, and from 78 to 92.7% of the total defective area. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Silsoe Research Institute. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Bennedsen, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM bsb@kvl.dk NR 11 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD APR PY 2005 VL 90 IS 4 BP 419 EP 431 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2004.12.005 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 918GL UT WOS:000228530200006 ER PT J AU Brown-Brandl, TM Eigenberg, RA Nienaber, JA Hahn, GL AF Brown-Brandl, TM Eigenberg, RA Nienaber, JA Hahn, GL TI Dynamic response indicators of heat stress in shaded and non-shaded feedlot cattle, Part 1: Analyses of indicators SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID BODY-TEMPERATURE; RESPIRATION RATE; CARCASS TRAITS; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR; PHYSIOLOGY; OX AB Heat stress in feedlot cattle can cause decreases in feed intake and growth, and in extreme cases may result in death. Providing shade during hot weather has shown inconsistent results, reducing direct and indirect losses in some areas of the United States, but not in others. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the dynamic responses of feedlot cattle to environmental conditions with and without access to shade, and to determine the most appropriate physiological measurement for monitoring feedlot cattle during hot weather as a guide for improved management. Eight crossbred steers (initially weighing 294.7 +/- 10.8 kg) were randomly assigned to one of eight individual pens, where one of two treatments were applied: shade access, or no-shade access. Respiration rate, daily feed intake, and core body temperature were collected, using automated systems during eight periods, for a total of 37 days. The data were analysed using four categories of daily maximum temperature humidity index (maximum I-TH) values (Normal for maximum I-TH < 74; alert for 74 <= maximum I-TH < 78; Danger for 78 < maximum I-TH < 84; Emergency for maximum I-TH >= 84). Shade was found to impact the physiological responses in all ITH categories, with the largest impacts in the Danger and Emergency categories. Shade lowered respiration rate and core body temperature during the peak temperature hours of the day. It was concluded that respiration rate is the most appropriate indicator of thermal stress to monitor because it was consistently affected in all ITH categories, it is easy to monitor without the need for costly equipment, and there is little or no lag associated with it. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Silsoe Research Institute. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Brown-Brandl, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE USA. EM brandl@email.marc.usda.gov NR 34 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD APR PY 2005 VL 90 IS 4 BP 451 EP 462 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2004.12.006 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 918GL UT WOS:000228530200009 ER PT J AU Li, YL Johnson, DA Su, YZ Cui, JY Zhang, TH AF Li, YL Johnson, DA Su, YZ Cui, JY Zhang, TH TI Specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content of plants growing in sand dunes SO BOTANICAL BULLETIN OF ACADEMIA SINICA LA English DT Article DE annuals; leaf dry matter content; perennials; sand dune; specific leaf area ID RELATIVE GROWTH-RATE; AVAILABILITY; DETERMINANTS; IRRADIANCE; STRATEGY; GRASSES; ECOLOGY; DENSITY; TRAITS; LEAVES AB We investigated the variations in specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMQ of 20 species (10 annuals and 10 perennials) that have different distributional patterns in the Kerqin Sandy Land in northern China. The main purpose of our study was to determine if SLA and/or LDMC could be used as indicators of plant resource-use strategy in sand dune environments. The selected species were mainly distributed in three types of sand dunes: mobile sand dune, semi-fixed sand dune, and fixed sand dune. The three differed in their soil nutrient content and vegetation productivity. Both SLA and LDMC varied substantially among species in the different dunes. Maximum SLA (28.2 m(2) kg(-1)) was observed in the annual grass Setaria viridis in a fixed sand dune, and the lowest SLA (8.6 m(2) kg(-1)) was found in the perennial grass Pennisetum centrasiatum in a semi-fixed sand dune. LDMC varied from 0.10 g g(-1) for the annual forb Chenopodium glaucum in a fixed sand dune to 0.41 g g(-1) for the perennial grass Phragmitis australis in a fixed sand dune. For species common to two or three sites, their SLA and LDMC were significantly different between sites (P< 0.05), except for two species for SLA and six species for LDMC. SLA and LDMC were negatively correlated both in the three types of sand dunes and for each functional type (annual versus perennial species). However, SLA and LDMC were significantly correlated only for the species in fixed sand dune, perennial species as well as all specie. The results of our study showed that the SLA of annual plant species was generally higher than that of perennial species and that LDMC was significantly different between annual compared to perennial plants (P< 0.05). C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Engn Res Inst, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Li, YL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm, 260 Donggang W Rd, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. EM liyleml@263.net NR 28 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 23 PU ACAD SINICA INST BOTANY PI TAIPEI PA NANKANG, TAIPEI 11529, TAIWAN SN 0006-8063 J9 BOT BULL ACAD SINICA JI Bot. Bul. Acad. Sin. PD APR PY 2005 VL 46 IS 2 BP 127 EP 134 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 925CI UT WOS:000229028700005 ER PT J AU Crow, WT Kustas, WP AF Crow, WT Kustas, WP TI Utility of assimilating surface radiometric temperature observations for evaporative fraction and heat transfer coefficient retrieval SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE data assimilation; surface energy fluxes; surface radiometric temperature; turbulent transfer coefficients ID REMOTE-SENSING DATA; ENERGY-BALANCE; VEGETATION INDEXES; SPARSE CROPS; FLUXES; MODEL; FIFE; SOIL; PARAMETERS; SITE AB Recent advances in land data assimilation have yielded variational smoother techniques designed to solve the surface energy balance based on remote observations of surface radiometric temperature. These approaches have a number of potential advantages over existing diagnostic models, including the ability to make energy flux predictions between observation times and reduced requirements for ancillary parameter estimation. Here, the performance of a recently developed variational smoother approach is examined in detail over a range of vegetative and hydrological conditions in the southern U.S.A. during the middle part of the growing season. Smoother results are compared with flux tower observations and energy balance predictions obtained from the two-source energy balance model (TSM). The variational approach demonstrates promise for flux retrievals at dry and lightly vegetated sites. However, results suggest that the simultaneous retrieval of both evaporative fraction and turbulent transfer coefficients by the variational approach will be difficult for wet and/or heavily vegetated land surfaces. Additional land surface information ( e. g. leaf area index ( L-AI) or the rough specification of evaporative fraction bounds) will be required to ensure robust predictions under such conditions. The single-source nature of the variational approach also hampers the physical interpretation of turbulent transfer coefficient retrievals. Intercomparisons between energy flux predictions from the variational approach and the purely diagnostic TSM demonstrate that the relative accuracy of each approach is contingent on surface conditions and the accuracy with which L-AI values required by the TSM can be estimated. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Crow, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Room 104,Bldg 007,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wcrow@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 32 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD APR PY 2005 VL 115 IS 1 BP 105 EP 130 DI 10.1007/s10546-004-2121-0 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 898IM UT WOS:000227070500006 ER PT J AU Griffin, IJ Abrams, SA AF Griffin, IJ Abrams, SA TI Methodological considerations in measuring human calcium absorption: relevance to study the effects of inulin-type fructans SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE calcium absorption; stable isotopes; non-digestible oligosaccharides ID DIFRUCTOSE ANHYDRIDE-III; NONDIGESTIBLE OLIGOSACCHARIDES; INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; MAGNESIUM ABSORPTION; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; DIETARY LACTULOSE; STABLE-ISOTOPES; RATS; BALANCE; FRUCTOOLIGOSACCHARIDES AB During the last 50 years, a variety of methods have been developed to estimate Ca absorption in man. Mass balances were initially used, but these were unable to accurately measure fractional Ca absorption because they cannot distinguish unabsorbed dietary Ca from endogenous faecal Ca excretion (excretion of previously absorbed Ca back into the gut). A number of isotopic methods have been developed that can measure true fractional Ca absorption, employing radioisotopes, stable isotopes, or both. Different methods involve collection of urine, faecal or plasma samples. Of the currently available methods, the dual isotope tracer method with a timed urine collection is probably the most precise and reliable. It is also relatively straightforward to carry out and avoids the need for a faecal collection. The purpose of the present paper is to discuss the general advantages and disadvantages of the different methods of Ca absorption. In addition, the limitations the different methods have in examining the possible effects of non-digestible oligosaccharides on Ca absorption will be discussed. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Neonatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Griffin, IJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM igriffin@bcm.tmc.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 56 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2005 VL 93 SU 1 BP S105 EP S110 DI 10.1079/BJN20041344 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 924UR UT WOS:000229006500015 PM 15877883 ER PT J AU Zhu, JY Tan, FY AF Zhu, JY Tan, FY TI On fiber rejection loss in flotation deinking SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE flotation cleinking; paper recycling; secondary fibers; fiber rejection loss; froth drainage ID DRAINAGE; FOAM AB Reducing fiber rejection loss in flotation deinking is very important to conserve natural resources and reduce the cost of secondary fibers in paper recycling. This study examined two aspects of the problem, fiber consistency in the rejection stream and rate of froth (or wet stream) rejection. Flotation experiments were conducted using both nylon and wood fibers in column and commercial bench-scale flotation deinking cells. It was found that increased froth stability resulted in a lower fiber consistency in the wet reject stream. However, it also increased rejection rate of the wet stream. As a result, the total fiber rejection loss was increased with the increase of froth stability. The results obtained suggest that controlling froth stability through reducing frother application and froth rejection are effective ways to reduce fiber yield loss in flotation deinking. This study also experimentally measured water and fiber drainage in fiber suspended froth to explain the effect of froth stability on fiber consistency in the reject stream using froth drainage dynamics. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SOC CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PI OTTAWA PA 130 SLATER ST, STE 550, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 6E2, CANADA SN 0008-4034 J9 CAN J CHEM ENG JI Can. J. Chem. Eng. PD APR PY 2005 VL 83 IS 2 BP 377 EP 382 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 943VJ UT WOS:000230382500028 ER PT J AU Polivka, KM AF Polivka, KM TI Resource matching across habitats is limited by competition at patch scales in an estuarine-opportunist fish SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Building on Bevertons Legacy - Life History Variation and Fisheries Management CY AUG 11-14, 2003 CL Quebec City, CANADA ID IDEAL FREE DISTRIBUTION; COASTRANGE SCULPIN; COTTUS-ALEUTICUS; PRICKLY SCULPIN; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; PERCEPTUAL CONSTRAINTS; UNEQUAL COMPETITORS; FEEDING STRATEGY; MICROHABITAT USE; ATLANTIC SALMON AB I used field observations, assays, and experiments with the euryhaline cottid Cottus aleuticus to evaluate the extent to which average resource availability drives the large-scale distribution of these fish among upstream and estuarine habitats and how interspecific competition from a congener affects its performance in the estuary. Population densities of C. aleuticus were only consistent with resource densities across years during two of five study years, indicating a lack of resource matching at large temporal scales. On shorter temporal scales, fish growth rates that were two to three times higher in the estuary compared with the stream were inconsistent with the predictions of resource matching theory. A manipulation of C. aleuticus density showed that the estuary could support at least twice the number of individuals that occurred there; thus, the profitable estuary is underutilized. Interspecific competition with Cottus asper was partially responsible for this underutilization as indicated by a substantial reduction in growth and condition among C. aleuticus individuals in experimental manipulations that compared intra- and inter-specific effects. Observed spatial overlap between these two cottids combined with the results of the competition experiment suggests that C. aleuticus is more strongly limited in its ability to use estuarine habitats opportunistically by interspecific competition than by intraspecific competition. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Polivka, KM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee Forestry Sci Lab, 1133 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM kpolivka@fs.fed.us NR 83 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 62 IS 4 BP 913 EP 924 DI 10.1139/F04-235 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 930LB UT WOS:000229416200019 ER PT J AU Garber, SM Brown, JP Wilson, DS Maguire, DA Heath, LS AF Garber, SM Brown, JP Wilson, DS Maguire, DA Heath, LS TI Snag longevity under alternative silvicultural regimes in mixed-species forests of central Maine SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; DOUGLAS-FIR; STAND-DENSITY; DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEMS; DECOMPOSITION; LATIFOLIA; PATTERNS; OREGON; INDEX AB Predictions of snag longevity, defined here as the probability of snag survival to a given age, are key to designing silvicultural regimes that ensure their availability for wildlife and form an important component of carbon flow models. Species, diameter at breast height, stand density, management regime, and agent of tree mortality were assessed for their effect on snag longevity in a long-term silvicultural study on the Penobscot Experimental Forest in central Maine. Snag recruitment and fall data from USDA Forest Service inventories between 1981 and 1997 were analyzed using parametric survival analysis. A Weibull model fit the data best, indicating a significant lag time followed by rapid fall rates. Half-times varied among species, with Thuja occidentalis L. having the longest (10 years) and Picea species the shortest (6 years). Snag longevity was significantly greater with increasing diameter and decreased with increasing stand density. Agent of mortality and silvicultural treatment were also significant. Two models were developed for estimating probability of snag survival over time, one that included predictor variables unique to the silvicultural systems study on the Penobscot Experimental Forest and one using predictor variables available in most standard inventories. Snag survival models can easily be incorporated into comprehensive forest dynamics models to facilitate estimates of wildlife habitat structure and carbon flow. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. Univ Kwazulu Natal, Forestry Programme, ZA-3209 Scottsville, South Africa. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Garber, SM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Peavy Hall 154, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM sean.garber@oregonstate.edu NR 59 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2005 VL 35 IS 4 BP 787 EP 796 DI 10.1139/X05-021 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 930KL UT WOS:000229414600003 ER PT J AU Bova, AS Dickinson, MB AF Bova, AS Dickinson, MB TI Linking surface-fire behavior, stem heating, and tissue necrosis SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID MODEL; MORTALITY; SPREAD; FOREST AB Data from 69 experimental, small-plot fires are used to describe relationships among fire intensity, bark-surface heat flux, and depth of necrosis in stem tissue for red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and chestnut oak (Quercus prinus L.). A tetrazolium staining technique was used to determine the depth of necrosis in tree boles subjected to fires with intensities of 20 to 2000 kW/m. Over a range of bark moistures (28%-83%) and bole diameters (3-20 cm), depth of necrosis appears to be primarily a function of fire intensity, flame residence time at the stem, and the corresponding time-integrated heat flux at the bark surface. Our results, along with known relations between bole diameter and bark thickness, and improved models of fire behavior and heat transfer, may be useful for estimating tree mortality resulting from prescribed fires. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Bova, AS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM abova@fs.fed.us OI Dickinson, Matthew/0000-0003-3635-1219 NR 41 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2005 VL 35 IS 4 BP 814 EP 822 DI 10.1139/X05-004 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 930KL UT WOS:000229414600006 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, TF Boerner, REJ Sutherland, S Sutherland, EK Ortt, M Iverson, LR AF Hutchinson, TF Boerner, REJ Sutherland, S Sutherland, EK Ortt, M Iverson, LR TI Prescribed fire effects on the herbaceous layer of mixed-oak forests SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID UNDERSTORY VEGETATION; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; NORTHERN ARIZONA; PINE FORESTS; DIVERSITY; USA; REGENERATION; FREQUENCY; PRODUCTIVITY; RESPONSES AB In 1994, a multidisciplinary project was established to study the effects of prescribed fire on oak forests in southern Ohio. Here we describe the herbaceous layer response to fires over a 5-year period. In four study sites, treatments imposed were unburned, periodic (1996 and 1999), and annual (1996-1999) fires. Sample plots (n = 108) were stratified by an integrated moisture index. Species' frequencies were recorded annually, and a total of 452 species (97% native) were documented. Though species composition was significantly affected by fire, the effects were shown by ordination to be small in magnitude relative to overall compositional variation. Burned areas developed greater small-scale species richness as grasses, summer forbs, and seed-banking species increased in frequency; however, these changes were also not large in magnitude. Though a few species increased substantially via germination after fire, most common species exhibited frequency increases or decreases of < 10% on burned units. Fire effects on vegetation were largely similar between annual and periodic burns and also among integrated moisture index classes. Direct fire effects on vegetation were limited by the dormant-season timing of burns and the resprouting of woody plants. Indirect effects were limited, as fires caused relatively minor changes in forest structure and resource availability in these long-unburned forests. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. Aronoff Lab, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Nature Conservancy, Dublin, OH 43017 USA. RP Hutchinson, TF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM thutchinson@fs.fed.us RI Iverson, Louis/C-7554-2009 OI Iverson, Louis/0000-0001-9501-471X NR 65 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 21 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2005 VL 35 IS 4 BP 877 EP 890 DI 10.1139/X04-189 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 930KL UT WOS:000229414600012 ER PT J AU Zalesny, RS Riemenschneider, DE Hall, RB AF Zalesny, RS Riemenschneider, DE Hall, RB TI Early rooting of dormant hardwood cuttings of Populus: analysis of quantitative genetics and genotype x environment interactions SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID HYBRID POPLAR; GROWTH; DELTOIDES; MARKERS; BIOMASS; DATE; MAPS AB Rooting of hardwood cuttings is under strong genetic control, although genotype x environment interactions affect selection of promising genotypes. Our objectives were (1) to assess the variation in rooting ability among 21 Populus clones and (2) to examine genotype x environment interactions to refine clonal recommendations. The clones belonged to five genomic groups ((Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray x Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.) x P. deltoides 'BC'; P. deltoides 'D'; P. deltoides x Populus maximowiczii A. Henry 'DM'; P. deltoides x Populus nigra L. 'DN'; and P. nigra x P. maximowiczii 'NM'). Cuttings, 20 cm long, were planted in Iowa and Minnesota in randomized complete blocks at 1.2 m x 2.4 m spacing, across three planting dates during 2001 and 2002. We measured nine belowground and aboveground traits from harvested cuttings after 14 days of growth. Percent rooting ranged from 22% to 86%. Broad-sense heritability for root and top dry mass ranged from 0.09 to 0.11 and 0.31 to 0.38, respectively. There were genotype x environment interactions for most traits, with belowground growing degree-days accounting for > 54% of environmental variation. Clonal rooting was stable, except at Westport, Minnesota, during 2002, when root growth was relatively poor. C1 US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Zalesny, RS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, N Cent Res Stn, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM rzalesny@fs.fed.us NR 37 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 7 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2005 VL 35 IS 4 BP 918 EP 929 DI 10.1139/X05-018 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 930KL UT WOS:000229414600016 ER PT J AU Williams, MS Ducey, MJ Gove, JH AF Williams, MS Ducey, MJ Gove, JH TI Assessing surface area of coarse woody debris with line intersect and perpendicular distance sampling SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY; WASHINGTON; FOREST; STREAMS AB Coarse woody debris (CWD) plays an important role in many terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem processes. In recent years, a number of new methods have been proposed to sample CWD. Of these methods, perpendicular distance sampling (PDS) is one of the most efficient methods for estimating CWD volume in terms of both estimator variance and field effort. This study extends the results for PDS to the estimation of the surface area of CWD. The PDS estimator is also compared to two line intersect sampling (LIS) estimators, where one of the LIS estimators requires the measurement of surface area on each log and the other estimates surface area using a single measurement of log circumference at the point of intersection between the log and the line. The first estimator approximates the true surface area by assuming either a conic or parabolic stem form and requires measurements of the end diameters of each log, which is more time consuming than a single measurement. The performance of the three estimators was compared using a computer simulation. The results of the simulation indicate that, given the same number of pieces of CWD sampled at each point, equal variances can be achieved with PDS using sample sizes that range from about 10% to in excess of 100% the size of a comparable LIS estimator. When the LIS estimators were compared, the estimator that required the measurement of surface area was only about 3%-6% more efficient than the alternative estimator, but the bias associated with assuming a conic or parabolic stem form ranged from roughly 5% to 15%. We conclude that PDS will generally outperform either of the LIS estimators. Another important conclusion is that the LIS estimator based on a measured surface area is likely to have a higher mean squared error than an LIS estimator that employs a single measurement of circumference. Thus, LIS sampling strategies that require the least amount of field work will often have the smallest mean square error. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Williams, MS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 2150 A Ctr Ave,Suite 361, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM mswilliams@fs.fed.us RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016 NR 40 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2005 VL 35 IS 4 BP 949 EP 960 DI 10.1139/X04-203 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 930KL UT WOS:000229414600019 ER PT J AU Williams, MS Valentine, HT Gove, JH Ducey, MJ AF Williams, MS Valentine, HT Gove, JH Ducey, MJ TI Additional results for perpendicular distance sampling SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB Over the last decade a number of new methods have been proposed to sample coarse woody debris. Of the new methods, both field trials and computer simulations suggest that perpendicular distance sampling is often the most efficient method for estimating the volume and surface area of coarse woody debris. As with any new sampling technique, further research and field testing are required to address some of the practical problems associated with the implementation of perpendicular distance sampling. This paper provides further results associated with the sampling of curved and multistemmed logs and field techniques for both slope correction and the measurement of elevated logs. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Forestry, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Williams, MS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 2150 A Ctr Ave,Suite 361, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM mswilliams@fs.fed.us RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2005 VL 35 IS 4 BP 961 EP 966 DI 10.1139/X05-023 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 930KL UT WOS:000229414600020 ER PT J AU Zhang, FY Yin, WB Shi, R Hu, YK Yan, YM Chen, YH Zhou, YH Hu, J Wan, RRC Hu, ZM AF Zhang, FY Yin, WB Shi, R Hu, YK Yan, YM Chen, YH Zhou, YH Hu, J Wan, RRC Hu, ZM TI Construction and characterization of chromosome 1B specific DNA library of wheat SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE wheat; chromosome microdissection; chromosome-specific library ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; HORDEUM-VULGARE L; COMMON WHEAT; PCR AMPLIFICATION; HPAII LIBRARY; BREAD WHEAT; STRIPE-RUST; MICRODISSECTION; RESISTANCE; BARLEY AB Chromosome 1B was microdissected and collected from chromosome spreads of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Jing 411'), using a glass needle. DNA of the isolated chromosome was amplified in vitro by Sau3A linker adaptor-mediated polymerase chain reaction (LA-PCR). The second-round PCR products were verified by Southern hybridization using DIG-labeled genomic DNA of wheat. The results initially showed the DNA was from wheat genome. A pair of SSR primers specific to chromosome 1B was used to verify the origin of the PCR products from the isolated chromosome. The results confirmed that the PCR products originated from chromosome 1B. The second round of PCR products from chromosome 1B were cloned into plasmid pUCm-T vectors to create a chromosome-specific library, which included approximately 248 000 recombinant clones. Characterization of 100 randomly selected clones of the library showed that the insert size ranged between 0.5 and 2.0 kb, with an average of 1 kb. Randomly selected 288 clones were characterized with dot blot hybridization, of which 57.2% were medium/high copy clones and 42.8% low/single copy clones. The application of this technique to establish high-density molecular maps for chromosome 1B is discussed. C1 Capital Normal Univ, Dept Biol, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, FRRL, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Hu, ZM (reprint author), Capital Normal Univ, Dept Biol, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. EM zmhu@genetics.ac.cn RI Rui, Shi/B-3306-2008 NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA STE 1112, 141 LAURIER AVE WEST, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5J3, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 85 IS 2 BP 309 EP 316 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 923XK UT WOS:000228942700002 ER PT J AU Doehlert, DC McMullen, MS Jannink, JL Panigrahi, S Gu, H Riveland, NR AF Doehlert, DC McMullen, MS Jannink, JL Panigrahi, S Gu, H Riveland, NR TI A bimodal model for oat kernel size distributions SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE oats; panicle; kernel size; spikelets AB Oat kernel size distributions are important to the oat milling industry because size separation of kernels is routine in oat milling. Dehuller rotor speeds are set in order to deliver the optimal mechanical stress to different kernel size streams for dehulling. In this study, size distributions were evaluated by digital image analysis in 10 cultivars grown in eight environments. Observed distributions were compared with quality characteristics and with panicle characteristics and spikelet type frequencies. Size distributions within samples, as evaluated from individual kernel image areas, tended to depart from normal distributions and graphical depictions of data frequently resembled bimodal populations. A statistical test to compare a bimodal distribution with a normal distribution indicated that a bimodal model was more effective at describing the distributions. Panicle analysis indicated that two-kernel spikelets were the most abundant spikelet type found. Because two-kernel spikelets consist of one larger kernel and one smaller kernel, it is likely that the root of the bimodal distribution can be attributed to these spikelets. Although some departures from the mixture of two normal distributions can be attributed to the occurrence of one- and three-kernel spikelets, many of these departures must be attributed to other sources of variation in oat kernel size. C1 N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Williston Res Extens Ctr, Williston, ND 58801 USA. RP Doehlert, DC (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Qual Lab, Harris Hall, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM douglas.doehlert@ndsu.nodak.edu NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA STE 1112, 141 LAURIER AVE WEST, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5J3, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 85 IS 2 BP 317 EP 326 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 923XK UT WOS:000228942700003 ER PT J AU Bartel, RA Knowlton, FF AF Bartel, RA Knowlton, FF TI Functional feeding responses of coyotes, Canis latrans, to fluctuating prey abundance in the Curlew Valley, Utah, 1977-1993 SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID SNOWSHOE HARE; FOOD-HABITS; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; PREDATORS; FREQUENCY; SELECTION; ECOLOGY; SCATS; LYNX; SIZE AB We investigated interactions between coyotes (Canis latrans Say, 1823) and prey in the Curlew Valley, Utah, by comparing prey abundances with prey consumption rates. Previous studies reported a cyclic trend in black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus Gray, 1837) density with a period of 10 years and >150-fold amplitude, as well as short-term fluctuations among some rodent species that exceeded an 8-fold difference in amplitude over 2 years. Our results suggest changes in coyote diets mainly reflect the fluctuations in jackrabbit abundance. Prey switching to rodents during periods of low jackrabbit abundance also was evident. We used the initial feeding pattern analysis to compare prey consumption rates to prey abundance. Coyotes demonstrated a type 11 (hyperbolic) functional feeding response to changes in jackrabbit abundance. Functional feeding responses to rodent abundances were more difficult to assess because of the strong influence of jackrabbits. In most comparisons, we visually detected a linear functional feeding response to varying rodent abundances; yet this was not statistically supported by Akaike's Information Criterion corrected for small sample sizes (AIC(c)) to assess different models. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Bartel, RA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM rabartel@unity.ncsu.edu NR 48 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 24 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD APR PY 2005 VL 83 IS 4 BP 569 EP 578 DI 10.1139/Z05-039 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 949TW UT WOS:000230812000007 ER PT J AU Bosetti, C Spertini, L Parpinel, M Gnagnarella, P Lagiou, P Negri, E Franceschi, S Montella, M Peterson, J Dwyer, J Giacosa, A La Vecchia, C AF Bosetti, C Spertini, L Parpinel, M Gnagnarella, P Lagiou, P Negri, E Franceschi, S Montella, M Peterson, J Dwyer, J Giacosa, A La Vecchia, C TI Flavonoids and breast cancer risk in Italy SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID FOOD-FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; DIETARY PHYTOESTROGEN INTAKE; URINARY-EXCRETION; GENISTEIN CONTENT; PHYTO-ESTROGENS; LUNG-CANCER; WOMEN; CONSUMPTION; POPULATION; NUTRITION AB Few epidemiologic studies have investigated the potential relation between flavonoids and breast cancer risk. We have applied recently published data on the composition of foods and beverages in terms of six principal classes of flavonoids (i.e., flavanones, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, flavones, anthocyanidines, and isoflavones) on dietary information collected in a large-case control study of breast cancer conducted in Italy between 1991 and 1994. The study included 2,569 women with incident, histologically confirmed breast cancer, and 2,588 hospital controls. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by multiple logistic regression models. After allowance for major confounding factors and energy intake, a reduced risk of breast cancer was found for increasing intake of flavones (OR, 0.81, for the highest versus the lowest quintile; P-trend, 0.02), and flavonols (OR, 0.80; P-trend, 0.06). No significant association was found for other flavonoids, including flavanones (OR, 0.95), flavan-3-ols (OR, 0.86), anthocyanidins (OR, 1.09), as well as for isoflavones (OR, 1.05). The findings of this large study of an inverse association between flavones and breast cancer risk confirm the results of a Greek study. C1 Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, I-20157 Milan, Italy. Ctr Riferimento Oncol, Unita Epidemiol & Biostat, I-33081 Aviano, PN, Italy. Policlin Univ Udine, Inst Igiene Epidemiol, Udine, Italy. Ist Europeo Oncol, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Milan, Italy. Univ Athens, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, GR-11527 Athens, Greece. Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France. Ist Tumori Fdn Pascale, Serv Epidemiol, Naples, Italy. Tufts New England Med Ctr, Frances Stern Nutr Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ist Nazl Ric Canc, I-16132 Genoa, Italy. Univ Milan, Ist Stat Med & Biometria, I-20122 Milan, Italy. RP Bosetti, C (reprint author), Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Via Eritrea 62, I-20157 Milan, Italy. EM bosetti@marionegri.it RI Negri, Eva/B-7244-2013; Parpinel, Maria/B-1605-2012; OI Negri, Eva/0000-0001-9712-8526; Parpinel, Maria/0000-0003-1309-4467; Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769; La Vecchia, Carlo/0000-0003-1441-897X; Gnagnarella, Patrizia/0000-0002-0560-4706 NR 48 TC 97 Z9 101 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD APR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 4 BP 805 EP 808 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-04-0838 PG 4 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 915ZS UT WOS:000228351300008 PM 15824147 ER PT J AU Friso, S Girelli, D Trabetti, E Olivieri, O Guarini, P Pignatti, PF Corrocher, R Choi, SW AF Friso, S Girelli, D Trabetti, E Olivieri, O Guarini, P Pignatti, PF Corrocher, R Choi, SW TI The MTHFR 1298A > C polymorphism and genomic DNA methylation in human lymphocytes SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE GENE; ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; FOLIC-ACID DEFICIENCY; C677T POLYMORPHISM; COMMON MUTATION; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; FOLATE STATUS; HUMAN-DISEASE; RISK-FACTOR; CANCER AB Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) balances the pool of folate coenzymes in one-carbon metabolism for DNA synthesis and methylation, both implicated in carcinogenesis. Epidemiologic studies have shown that two functional polymorphisms in MTHFR gene, 677C > T and 1298A > C, are related to increased cancer risk. We aimed to analyze lymphocyte DNA from 198 subjects to evaluate the MTHFR 1298A > C polymorphism and folate status affecting genomic DNA methylation as a possible mechanism underlying the relationship between MTHFR polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility. Carriers of the 1298AA wild-type genotype showed lower genomic DNA methylation compared with 1298AC or 1298CC genotypes [3.72 versus 8.59 or 6.79 ng 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5-mCyt)/mu g DNA, P < 0.0001 and P = 0.007, respectively]. When DNA methylation was evaluated according to plasma folate status, only 1298AA with low folate levels revealed diminished DNA methylation. (P < 0.0001). Moreover, when the two MTHFR polymorphisms were concomitantly evaluated at the low folate status, DNA methylation was reduced only in 129SAA/677TT compared with 129SAA/677CC (3.11 versus 7.29 ng 5-mCyt/mu g DNA, P = 0.001) and 1298CC/677CC genotypes (3.11 versus 7.14 ng 5-mCyt/mu g DNA, P = 0.004). However, the high prevalence of 677TT mutants within the 1298AA group (79%) and the similar biochemical features of 1298AA/677CC and 1298CC/677CC combined genotypes suggest that the gene-nutrient interaction affecting DNA methylation in 1298AA is mainly due to the coexistence of the 677TT genotype and that the 1298A > C polymorphism may convey its protective effect not through this interaction but through another pathway in one-carbon metabolism. Further mechanistic studies are warranted to investigate how single polymorphisms as well as MTHFR combined genotypes exert their effect on cancer susceptibility. C1 Univ Verona, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Policlin Giambattista Rossi, I-37134 Verona, Italy. Univ Verona, Dept Biol & Genet, I-37134 Verona, Italy. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin Carcinogenesis Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Friso, S (reprint author), Univ Verona, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Policlin Giambattista Rossi, Piazza Ludov Antonio Scuro,10, I-37134 Verona, Italy. EM simonetta.friso@univr.it RI Olivieri, Oliviero/A-9126-2008; Girelli, Domenico/B-1183-2008 FU NCI NIH HHS [R03 CA96004-02] NR 50 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD APR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 4 BP 938 EP 943 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-04-0601 PG 6 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 915ZS UT WOS:000228351300029 PM 15824167 ER PT J AU Wielen, LCV Elder, T Ragauskas, AJ AF Wielen, LCV Elder, T Ragauskas, AJ TI Analysis of the topochemical effects of dielectric-barrier discharge on cellulosic fibers SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE AFM; dielectric-barrier discharge; IGC; surface roughness; viscosity; water retention value ID INVERSE GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY; KRAFT PULP FIBERS; CORONA TREATMENT; SURFACE-ENERGY; PAPER; WOOD; WETTABILITY; ADHESION; WICKING AB This study investigates the fundamental topochemical effects of dielectric-barrier discharge treatment on bleached chemical pulp and unbleached mechanical pulp fiber surfaces. Fibers were treated with various levels of dielectric-barrier discharge treatment ranging from 0 to 9.27 kW/m(2)/min. Changes to the fiber surface topochemistry were investigated by atomic force microscopy ( AFM). The AFM studies were complemented by inverse gas chromatography ( IGC), contact angle evaluation, poly-electrolyte titration, viscosity testing and determination of water retention value ( WRV). The static coefficient of friction and zero-span tensile index of sheets were also evaluated. Low dielectric-barrier discharge treatment levels resulted in increased surface energy and roughness. Fibers treated at high applied power levels showed surface energies and roughness levels near that of reference samples as well as evidence of degradation and decreased fiber swelling. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Ragauskas, AJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, 500 10th St NW, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM arthur.ragauskas@ipst.gatech.edu OI Ragauskas, Arthur/0000-0002-3536-554X NR 66 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 EI 1572-882X J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD APR PY 2005 VL 12 IS 2 BP 185 EP 196 DI 10.1007/s10570-004-2785-0 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 898LG UT WOS:000227077700009 ER PT J AU Negri, DH Gollehon, NR Aillery, MP AF Negri, DH Gollehon, NR Aillery, MP TI The effects of climatic variability on US irrigation adoption SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURE; INPUTS AB This paper contributes to the literature underscoring the importance of climatic variance by developing a framework for incorporating the means and tails of the distributions of rainfall and temperature into empirical models of agricultural production. The methodology is applied to estimate the impact of climate change on the discrete choice decision to adopt irrigation since it is an important adaptation to climate change. We develop a discrete choice model for the decision to install irrigation capacity that captures the effects of both climate means and extremes. Climatic means and frequencies of climatic events in the upper tails of the temperature and precipitation distributions are used to estimate the parameters of a normal distribution for temperature and a Weibull distribution for precipitation. Using estimates from a probit model, we examine the independent effects of changing climatic mean and variance on the probability of adopting irrigation. Increasing the mean temperature, holding variance constant, shifts the entire distribution toward warmer temperatures-increasing the frequency of extreme temperatures. For precipitation, the specification captures the separate effects of mean rainfall, frequency of rainfall, and frequency of extreme events. The results show that the tails of the temperature and precipitation distributions, not the means, are the dominant climatic determinants in irrigation adoption. The results also show that water availability, soil characteristics, farm size and operator demographics are important determinants of irrigation. C1 Willamette Univ, Dept Econ, Salem, OR 97301 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Negri, DH (reprint author), Willamette Univ, Dept Econ, 900 State St, Salem, OR 97301 USA. EM dnegri@willamette.edu NR 33 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD APR PY 2005 VL 69 IS 2-3 BP 299 EP 323 DI 10.1007/s10584-005-1817-6 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 923AW UT WOS:000228882000006 ER PT J AU Johansen, KA Overturf, K AF Johansen, KA Overturf, K TI Sequence, conservation, and quantitative expression of rainbow trout Myf5 SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TMyf5; rainbow trout; MRF; muscle ID MUSCLE REGULATORY FACTORS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MYOGENIN GENE; MOUSE EMBRYO; MYOD; MICE; ACTIVATION; DISTINCT; FAMILY AB The success of rainbow trout as an aquaculture species is dependent on the ability to produce fish with large amounts of high-quality lean muscle. It is therefore important to understand not only the best conditions under which to raise the fish but also the molecular control of muscle growth. Vertebrate muscle growth is initiated by the specification of myogenic precursor cells into myoblasts. The myoblasts proliferate and fuse to form multinucleated myotubes, which mature into myofibers. A family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, the Myogenic Regulatory Factors (MRFs), controls these events. In trout, two MRF-encoding genes, TMyoD (of which there are two) and Tmyogenin, have been identified. However, the primary MRF-encoding Myf5 is not yet sequenced. Here, using degenerate PCR and 5' and 3' RACE, the cDNA sequence of trout Myf5 (TMyf5) is identified. Translation of the cDNA reveals that TMyf5 is a bHLH protein with homology to Myf5 and MRFs in other organisms. It is expressed mainly in red and white muscle, suggesting that it shares functional homology to Myf5 in other species. The molecular control of muscle growth has been well-characterized in mammals, but there are differences in the growth of fish muscle, highlighting the need for characterization of MRFs in fish species, particularly those in which understanding muscle growth will have a positive impact on the economic potential of the species. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All tights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. RP Overturf, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM kennetho@uidaho.edu NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 140 IS 4 BP 533 EP 541 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.11.016 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 912YW UT WOS:000228117300002 PM 15763508 ER PT J AU Haight, RG Snyder, SA Revelle, CS AF Haight, RG Snyder, SA Revelle, CS TI Metropolitan open-space protection with uncertain site availability SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chicago; optimization; public access; site selection model; species representation ID MAXIMIZE BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; RESERVE SELECTION; CONSERVATION; IRREPLACEABILITY; VULNERABILITY; OPTIMIZATION; NETWORKS; AREAS; REPRESENTATION; BIODIVERSITY AB Urban planners acquire open space to protect natural areas and provide public access to recreation opportunities. Because of limited budgets and dynamic land markets, acquisitions take place sequentially depending on available funds and sites. To address these planning features, we formulated a two-period site selection model with two objectives: maximize the expected number of species represented in protected sites and maximize the expected number of people with access to protected sites. These objectives were both maximized subject to an upper bound on area protected over two periods. The trade-off between species representation and public access was generated by the weighting method of multiobjective programming. Uncertainty was represented with a set of probabilistic scenarios of site availability in a linear-integer formulation. We used data for 27 rare species in 31 candidate sites in western Lake County, near the city of Chicago, to illustrate the model. Each trade-off curve had a concave shape in which species representation dropped at an increasing rate as public accessibility increased, with the trade-off being smaller at higher levels of the area budget. Several sites were included in optimal solutions regardless of objective function weights, and these core sites had high species richness and public access per unit area. The area protected in period one depended on current site availability and on the probabilities of sites being undeveloped and available in the second period. Although the numerical results are specific for our study, the methodology is general and applicable elsewhere. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Haight, RG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 36 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 19 IS 2 BP 327 EP 337 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00151.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 906MZ UT WOS:000227647600010 ER PT J AU Peacock, E Haag, WR Warren, ML AF Peacock, E Haag, WR Warren, ML TI Prehistoric decline in freshwater mussels coincident with the advent of maize agriculture SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Epioblasma; freshwater diversity; prehistoric human impacts ID SHELL MIDDENS; UNITED-STATES; ASSEMBLAGES; KENTUCKY; FIRE AB During late prehistory, high population densities and intensive agricultural practices of Native American societies had profound effects on the pre-Columbian landscape. The degree to which Native American land use affected aquatic ecosystems is unknown. Freshwater mussels are particularly sensitive harbingers of modern-day ecosystem deterioration. We used data from prehistoric Native American shell middens to examine prehistoric trends in abundance of freshwater mussels of the genus Epioblasma in North America during the last 5000 years. The relative abundance of Epioblasma declined steadily during this period, a result that could be explained either by an increase in human impacts to streams or by long-term climatic changes unrelated to human activities. The rate of decline of Epioblasma increased significantly, however, after the advent of large-scale maize agriculture in the southeastern United States about 1000 years before the present. Our results suggest that human land-use activities in prehistory caused changes in freshwater mussel communities that were lower in magnitude but similar in direction to changes caused by recent activities. C1 US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, USDA, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Cobb Inst Archaeol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Haag, WR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, USDA, 100 Front St, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM whaag@fs.fed.us NR 24 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 19 IS 2 BP 547 EP 551 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00036.x PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 906MZ UT WOS:000227647600031 ER PT J AU Johnston, JJ Nolte, DL Kimball, BA Perry, KR Hurley, JC AF Johnston, JJ Nolte, DL Kimball, BA Perry, KR Hurley, JC TI Increasing acceptance and efficacy of zinc phosphide rodenticide baits via modification of the carbohydrate profile SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE squirrels; rodent; pest; malt; bait; zinc phosphide; sugar AB Toxicant coated grain-based baits are widely used to control rodent pests throughout the world, but where alternative food sources are available, bait acceptance and efficacy are often less than optimal. In an attempt to develop baiting strategies to increase bait acceptance and efficacy of zinc phosphide-coated baits, a sugar-enhanced rolled oat based zinc phosphide bait was evaluated. With pre-baiting, 100 and 60% mortality was achieved for California and Belding's ground squirrels, respectively. A series of two-choice tests with a variety of potential bait matrices indicated that rolled oats was a desirable base matrix for both species but the lecithin sticker negatively impacted bait acceptance by Belding's ground squirrels. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Chem Project, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Olympia Field Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Chem Project, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM john.j.johnston@aphis.usda.gov NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 EI 1873-6904 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD APR PY 2005 VL 24 IS 4 BP 381 EP 385 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2004.09.006 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 904FV UT WOS:000227482400011 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM Mooser, V AF Ordovas, JM Mooser, V TI Genes, lipids and aging: is it all accounted for by cardiovascular disease risk? SO CURRENT OPINION IN LIPIDOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN; HUMAN LONGEVITY; HYPERALPHA-LIPOPROTEINEMIA; EXCEPTIONAL LONGEVITY; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; LIFE-SPAN; CENTENARIANS; POLYMORPHISMS; ALLELE; OCTOGENARIANS C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. GlaxoSmithKline, King Of Prussia, PA USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776]; PHS HHS [1-38038] NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0957-9672 J9 CURR OPIN LIPIDOL JI Curr. Opin. Lipidology PD APR PY 2005 VL 16 IS 2 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.1097/01.mol.0000162316.01431.36 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 915GF UT WOS:000228285400001 PM 15767851 ER PT J AU Lai, CQ Parnell, LD Ordovas, JM AF Lai, CQ Parnell, LD Ordovas, JM TI The APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster, lipid metabolism and cardiovascular disease risk SO CURRENT OPINION IN LIPIDOLOGY LA English DT Review DE apolipoprotein A1/C3/A4/A5; cardiovascular disease risk; haplotype; linkage disequilibrium; promoter; regulatory ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS; FAMILIAL COMBINED HYPERLIPIDEMIA; PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR; C-III GENE; EUROPEAN ATHEROSCLEROSIS RESEARCH; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; HUMAN APOCIII GENE; LDL PARTICLE-SIZE AB Purpose of review APOA 1/C3/A4/A5 are key components modulating lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular disease risk. This review examines the evidence regarding linkage disequilibrium and haplotype structure within the A1/C3/A4/A5 cluster, and assesses its association with plasma lipids and cardiovascular disease risk. In addition, we use genomic information from several species to draw inferences about the location of functional variants within this cluster. Recent findings The close physical distance of these genes and the interrelated functions of these apolipoproteins have encumbered attempts to determine the role of individual variants on lipid metabolism. Therefore, current research aims to define linkage disequilibrium and haplotype structure within this cluster. Functional variants in regulatory regions are most interesting as they are potentially amenable to therapy. Comparative genomics can contribute to the identification of such functional variants. Summary Genetic variability at the APCA 1/C3/A4/A5 cluster has been examined in relation to lipid metabolism and cardiovascular disease risk. However, the findings are inconsistent. This is partly due to the classic approach of studying single and mostly nonfunctional polymorphisms. Moreover, allelic expression may depend on the concurrent presence of environmental factors. Association studies using haplotypes should increase the power to detect true associations and interactions. We hypothesize that phenotypes observed in association with transcriptional regulatory variants can be readily modified by environmental factors. Therefore, studies focusing on regulatory variants may be more fruitful to locate/define future therapeutic C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lai, CQ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM chao.lai@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 118 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0957-9672 J9 CURR OPIN LIPIDOL JI Curr. Opin. Lipidology PD APR PY 2005 VL 16 IS 2 BP 153 EP 166 DI 10.1097/01.mol.0000162320.54795.68 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 915GF UT WOS:000228285400005 PM 15767855 ER PT J AU Jordan, RH Turley, RB Defauw, SL Steele, M AF Jordan, RH Turley, RB Defauw, SL Steele, M TI Characterization of a cDNA encoding metallothionein 3 from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) SO DNA SEQUENCE LA English DT Article DE metallothionein 3; Gossypium hirsutum; copper; cotyledon; E. coli; fusion protein ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE PSMTA; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; PURIFICATION; CATALASE; PLANT AB A cDNA encoding metallothionein (MT) was isolated from a library constructed with poly A(+) RNA purified from 48 h etiolated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cotyledons. This cDNA encodes a deduced protein with 63 residues and a molecular weight of 6.3 kDa. The protein has 10 cysteines of which 4 are within the CXXCXCXXXXXC amino-terminus motif and six are within the CXCXXXCXCXXCXC carboxyl-terminus motif characteristic of the type III MT (MT3). The cotton MT3 protein sequence is 76.2, 69.8, 66.7, 60.3 and 33.5% identical to MT3 from Carica papaya, Rubus idaeus, Ribes nigrum, Citrus unshiu, and Gossypium hirsutum type 1MT, respectively. A fusion protein was constructed by producing PCR primers for the 5' and 3' ends of the cotton MT3 cDNA and ligating the PCR product inframe at the 3' end of a bacterial glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene in the pGEX3 vector. The 5' PCR primer incorporated a segment of the cotton MT3 noncoding region, resulting in an addition of 9 residues to the MT3 (after Factor Xa digestion site) which increased the size of the expressed protein to 72 residues and 7.6 kDa. Expression of the 7.6 kDa protein in bacteria was confirmed by SDS-PAGE. Induction and accumulation of the GST-MT3 protein began inhibiting bacterial growth after 1 h. Addition of Cu (1 mu M to 1mM), 1mM cysteine, or 1mM cystine to the media did not rescue growth. Additionally, this protein was evaluated for its ability to bind Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn in the bacterial expression system. We found that cotton MT3 preferentially binds Cu. C1 ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, CP&G, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Delta State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Cleveland, MS USA. Delta State Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Cleveland, MS USA. RP Turley, RB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, CP&G, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rturley@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-5179 J9 DNA SEQUENCE JI DNA Seq. PD APR PY 2005 VL 16 IS 2 BP 96 EP 102 DI 10.1080/10425170500061491 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 934YM UT WOS:000229745500003 PM 16147860 ER PT J AU Barb, CR Matteri, RL AF Barb, CR Matteri, RL TI Orexin-B modulates luteinizing hormone and growth hormone secretion from porcine pituitary cells in culture SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE orexin; LH; GH; pituitary; pig ID HYPOTHALAMIC NEUROPEPTIDES; OVINE SOMATOTROPES; NEUROENDOCRINE; RECEPTORS; GLUCOSE; FAMILY; RATS; PIGS AB To test the hypothesis that orexin-B acts directly on the anterior pituitary to regulate LH and growth hormone (GH) secretion, anterior pituitary cells from prepuberal gilts were studied in primary culture. On day 4 of culture, 10(5) cells/well were challenged with 0.1, 10 or 1000 nM GnRH; 10, 100 or 1000 nM [Ala15]-hGPF-(l -29)NH2 or 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 nM, orexin-B individually or in combinations with 0.1 and 1000 nM GnRH or 10 and 1000 nM GRE Secreted LH and GH were measured at 4 h after treatment. Basal LH and GH secretion (control; n = 6 pigs) was 183 +/- 18 and 108 +/- 4.8 ng/well, respectively. Relative to control at 4 It, all doses of GnRH and GRF increased (P < 0.0001) LH and GH secretion, respectively. All doses of orexin-B increased (P < 0.01) LH secretion, except for the 0.1 nM dose. Basal GH secretion was unaffected by orexin-B. Addition of 1, 10 or 100 nM orexin-B in combinations with 0.1 nM GnRH increased (P < 0.001) LH secretion compared to GnRH alone. Only 0.1 nM (P = 0.06) and 100 nM (P < 0.001) orexin-B in combinations with 1000 nM GnRH increased LH secretion compared to GnRH alone. All doses of orexin-B in combination with 1000 nM GRF suppressed (P < 0.0001) GH secretion compare to GRF alone, while only 0.1 nM orexin-B in combination with 10 nM GRF suppressed (P < 0.01) GH secretion compared to GRE These results indicate that orexin may directly modulate LH and GH secretion at the level of the pituitary gland. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Barb, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM rbarb@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 28 IS 3 BP 331 EP 337 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2004.09.005 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 911LH UT WOS:000228003500009 PM 15760673 ER PT J AU Phillips, JD Luckow, K Marion, DA Adams, KR AF Phillips, JD Luckow, K Marion, DA Adams, KR TI Rock fragment distributions and regolith evolution in the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas, USA SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE regolith; rock fragments; bioturbation; soils; weathering; Ouachita mountains ID STONE-LINES; FOREST SOIL; MODEL; REDISTRIBUTION; PEDOGENESIS; ARTIFACTS; SURFACES AB Rock fragments in the regolith are a persistent property that reflects the combined influences of geologic controls, erosion, deposition, bioturbation, and weathering. The distribution of rock fragments in regoliths of the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas, shows that sandstone fragments are common in all layers, even if sandstone is absent in parent material. Shale and sandstone fragments are produced at the bedrock weathering front, but the shale weathers rapidly and intact fragments are rare in the solum. Sandstone is weathered from ridgetop outcrops and transported downslope. Some of these fragments are moved downward, by faunalturbation and by transport into pits associated with rotting tree stumps. Upward movement by treethrow is common, resulting in a net concentration of rocks near the surface. However, the highest fragment concentrations are in the lower regolith, indicating active production at the weathering front. The regolith is a dynamic feature, reflecting the influences of vertical and horizontal processes, of active weathering at the bedrock interface, and of surficial sediment movements. The role of trees in redistributing rock fragments suggests that significant regolith mixing occurs over time scales associated with forest vegetation communities, and that forest soils have likely been extensively mixed within Holocene and historic time. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Geog, Res Team, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. RP Phillips, JD (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Geog, Res Team, Tabacco Rd, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM jsp@uky.edu OI Marion, Daniel/0000-0002-5871-8969 NR 43 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD APR PY 2005 VL 30 IS 4 BP 429 EP 442 DI 10.1002/esp.1152 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 921AJ UT WOS:000228736300004 ER PT J AU Chappell, A Zobeck, TM Brunner, G AF Chappell, A Zobeck, TM Brunner, G TI Using on-nadir spectral reflectance to detect soil surface changes induced by simulated rainfall and wind tunnel abrasion SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE wind erosion; soil erodibility; wind tunnel; rainfall simulator; on-nadir spectral reflectance; canonical ordination; redundancy analysis; linear mixture modelling ID EASTERN AUSTRALIA; DUST EMISSION; EROSION; REGION; MODEL; TRANSPORT AB The surface susceptibility to erosion (erodibility) is an important component of soil erosion models. Many studies of wind erosion have shown that even relatively small changes in surface conditions can have a considerable effect on the temporal and spatial variability of dust emissions. One of the main difficulties in measuring erodibility is that it is controlled by a number of highly variable soil factors. Collection of these data is often limited in scale because in situ measurements are labour-intensive and very time-consuming. To improve wind erosion model predictions over several spatial and temporal scales simultaneously, there is a requirement for a non-invasive approach that can be used to rapidly assess changes in the compositional and structural nature of a soil surface in time and space. Spectral reflectance of the soil surface appears to meet these desirable requirements and it is controlled by properties that affect the soil erodibility. Three soil surfaces were modified using rainfall simulation and wind tunnel abrasion experiments. Observations of those changes were made and recorded using digital images and on-nadir spectral reflectance. The results showed clear evidence of the information content in the spectral domain that was otherwise difficult to interpret given the complicated interrelationships between soil composition and structure. Changes detected at the soil surface included the presence of a crust produced by rainsplash, the production of loose erodible material covering a rain crust and the selective erosion of the soil surface. The effect of rainsplash and aeolian abrasion was different for each soil tested and crust abrasion was shown to decrease as rainfall intensity increased. The relative contributions of the eroded material from each soil surface to trapped mixtures of material assisted the erodibility assessment. Ordination analyses within each of two important soil types explained significant amounts of the variation in the reflectance of all wavebands by treatments of the soil and hence changes in the soil surface. The results show that soil surface conditions within a soil type are an underestimated source of variation in the characterization of soil surface erodibility and in the remote sensing of soil. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Salford, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Chappell, A (reprint author), Univ Salford, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. EM a.chappell@salford.ac.uk RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012; Chappell, Adrian/A-7058-2011 OI Chappell, Adrian/0000-0002-0694-7348 NR 54 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD APR PY 2005 VL 30 IS 4 BP 489 EP 511 DI 10.1002/esp.1185 PG 23 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 921AJ UT WOS:000228736300008 ER PT J AU Hessburg, PF Kuhlmann, EE Swetnam, TW AF Hessburg, PF Kuhlmann, EE Swetnam, TW TI Examining the recent climate through the lens of ecology: Inferences from temporal pattern analysis SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ARIMA analysis; climate; climatic regime; climatic signal; correspondence analysis; fire regime; mixed and unidirectional anomalies; northwestern United States; Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO); regionalization; temporal Pattern analysis; TWINSPAN ID HISTORICAL FIRE REGIMES; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; TREE RINGS; PATAGONIA; VARIABILITY; DROUGHT; USA AB Ecological theory asserts that the climate of a region exerts top-down controls on regional ecosystem patterns and processes, across space and time. To provide empirical evidence of climatic controls, it would be helpful to define climatic regions that minimized variance in key climate attributes, within climatic regions-define the periods and features of climatic regimes, and then look for concordance between regional climate and ecosystem patterns or processes. In the past, these steps have not been emphasized. Before we evaluated the recent climate of the northwestern United States, we established a Northwest climatic region by clustering time series of the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI)for the period of 1675-1978, for the western United States. The background climatic regime and anomalies of the recent northwestern U.S. climate were then identified through temporal pattern analysis involving application of correspondence analysis to the same PDSI time series. Our analysis distinguished 10 distinct periods and four unique types of regimes (climatic signals). Five of the 10 periods (79% of the similar to 300-year record') were marked by mild and equitable moisture conditions (Pacific regime), the "background" climate of the Northwest. The remaining periods were anomalies. Two periods displayed a high-variance. mixed signal marked by switching between severe to extreme annual to interannual dry and wet episodes (High/Mixed regime; 9% of the record). Two more periods displayed a illoderate-variance, mixed signal marked by switching between moderate to severe annual to interannual dry and wet episodes (Moderate/Mixed regime; 5%). Only one period was unidirectional and relatively low variance, marked by persistent yet mild to moderate drought (Low/Dry regime, 7%). Our method distinguished decadal- to interdecadal-scale regimes. defined regime periods, and detected both mixed and unidirectional anomalies front the backaround climate. The ability to distinguish the variance. direction, and period of sequential climatic regimes provides a plausible basis for examining the role of past climate within terrestrial ecosystems of the Northwest. For example, we found concordance between the period of the Low/Dry anomaly and a period of tree establishment in the Olympic Mountains of Washington. close alignment between tree growth with the Moderate/Mixed and High/Mixed signals in Ore-on, and a mixed fire response to mixed climatic signals in northeastern Oregon. Linking historical climatic regimes to particular ecosystem patterns and processes also aids in the prediction of future ecosystem changes by providing evidence of the kinds of interactions that may be anticipated. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Hessburg, PF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 1133 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM phessburg@fs.fed.us RI Swetnam, Thomas/A-6052-2008 OI Swetnam, Thomas/0000-0001-7268-2184 NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 9 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 440 EP 457 DI 10.1890/03-5296 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 912ED UT WOS:000228059000004 ER PT J AU Reese, GC Wilson, KR Hoeting, JA Flather, CH AF Reese, GC Wilson, KR Hoeting, JA Flather, CH TI Factors affecting species distribution predictions: A simulation modeling experiment SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE autologistic regression model; detection probability; environmental data error; habitat relationship modeling; prediction accuracy assessment; roadside survey; sample data; sample size; sampling bias; spatial contiguity; species range ID CONSERVATION PRIORITIES; HABITAT MODELS; ACCURACY; WILDLIFE; ERROR; BIAS; BIODIVERSITY; INFORMATION; RATES; MAPS AB Geospatial species sample data (e.g., records with location information from natural history museums or annual surveys) are rarely collected optimally, yet are increasingly used for decisions concerning our biological heritage. Using computer simulations, we examined factors that could affect the performance of autologistic regression (ALR) models that predict species occurrence based on environmental variables and spatially correlated presence/absence data. We used a factorial experiment design to examine the effects of survey design, spatial contiguity, and species detection probability and applied the results of ten replications of each factorial combination to an ALR model. We used additional simulations to assess the effects of sample size and environmental data error on model performance. Predicted distribution maps were compared to simulated distribution maps, considered "truth," and evaluated using several metrics: omission and commission error counts, residual sums of squares (RSS), and areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC). Generally, model performance was better using random and stratified survey designs than when using other designs. Adaptive survey designs were an exception to this generalization under the omission error performance criterion. Surveys using rectangular quadrats, designed to emulate roadside surveys, resulted in models with better performance than those using square quadrats (using AUC, RSS, and omission error metrics) and were most similar in performance to a systematic quadrat design. Larger detection probabilities, larger sample sizes, contiguous distributions, and fewer environmental data errors generally improved model performance. Results suggest that spatially biased sample data, e.g., data collected along roads, could result in model performance near that of systematic quadrat designs even in the presence of potentially confounding factors such as contiguity of distributions, detection probability, sample size, and environmental data error. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Reese, GC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM greese@cnr.colostate.edu RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 38 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 14 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 554 EP 564 DI 10.1890/03-5374 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 912ED UT WOS:000228059000013 ER PT J AU Wofford, JEB Gresswell, RE Banks, MA AF Wofford, JEB Gresswell, RE Banks, MA TI Influence of barriers to movement on within-watershed genetic variation of coastal cutthroat trout SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE conservation genetics; dispersal barriers; habitat fragmentation; headwater streams isolation; Oncorhynchus clarki clarki; salmonids ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; BROWN TROUT; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; BULL TROUT; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; CONSERVATION STRATEGY; FOREST FRAGMENTATION AB Because human land use activities often result in increased fragmentation of aquatic and terrestrial habitats, a better understanding of the effects of fragmentation on the genetic heterogeneity of animal populations may be useful for effective management. We used eight microsatellites to examine the genetic structure of coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) in Camp Creek, an isolated headwater stream in western Oregon. Our objectives were to determine if coastal cutthroat trout were genetically structured within streams and to assess the effects of natural and anthropogenic barriers on coastal cutthroat trout genetic variation. Fish sampling occurred at 10 locations, and allele frequencies differed significantly among all sampling sections. Dispersal barriers strongly influenced coastal cutthroat trout genetic structure and were associated with reduced genetic diversity and increased genetic differentiation. Results indicate that Camp Creek coastal cutthroat trout exist as many small, partially independent populations that are strongly affected by genetic drift. In headwater streams, barriers to movement can result in genetic and demographic isolation leading to reduced coastal cutthroat trout genetic diversity, and potentially compromising long-term population persistence. When habitat fragmentation eliminates gene flow among small Populations, similar results may occur in other species. C1 US Forest Serv, Sawtooth Natl Recreat Area, Ketchum, ID 83340 USA. US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Wofford, JEB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Sawtooth Natl Recreat Area, HC64 Box 8291, Ketchum, ID 83340 USA. EM jwofford@fs.fed.us NR 60 TC 112 Z9 115 U1 5 U2 57 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 628 EP 637 DI 10.1890/04-0095 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 912ED UT WOS:000228059000019 ER PT J AU Ortega, YK Pearson, DE AF Ortega, YK Pearson, DE TI Weak vs. strong invaders of natural plant communities: Assessing invasibility and impact SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biological invasions; biotic resistance; Centaurea maculosa; community properties; diversity; exotic plants; functional groups; grassland; impacts; invasibility; species richness; spotted knapweed ID GLACIER NATIONAL-PARK; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; CENTAUREA-MACULOSA; BIOTIC RESISTANCE; FESCUE GRASSLAND; UNITED-STATES; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; ALLELOPATHY; HERBICIDE AB In response to the profound threat of exotic species to natural systems, much attention has been focused on the biotic resistance hypothesis, which predicts that diverse, communities should better resist invasions. While studies of natural communities generally refute this hypothesis, reporting positive relationships between native species diversity and invasibility, some local-scale studies have instead obtained negative relationships. Most treatments of the topic have failed to recognize that all exotic invaders do not behave alike: while "weak" invaders become minor components of communities, "strong" invaders become community dominants at the expense of native species. At the same time, the specific impacts of strong invaders on communities are poorly documented yet critical to understanding implications of diversity loss. With these shortfalls in mind, we examined local-scale relationships between native and exotic plant taxa in buncligrass communities of western Montana, USA. We found that measures of native species diversity and invasibility were positively correlated in communities with low levels of invasion where both weak and strong invaders occurred at low densities, but negatively correlated in communities with high levels of invasion where the strong invader Centaurea maculosa dominated. Furthermore, at both low and high levels of invasion, weak invaders tended to vary positively with native species richness while strong invaders varied negatively. Weak invaders determined positive overall relationships between native and exotic species in low invasion communities and appeared to coexist with native taxa. Strong invaders prevailed in high invasion communities, driving negative overall relationships therein. That negative relationships primarily reflected strong invader impacts was supported by the fact that negative correlations of C. maculosa with native species diversity and abundance held when we statistically controlled for levels of native species representing preinvasion conditions. In addition, negative associations of C. maculosa with native taxa varied in strength by functional group and species, with large effects on numerically dominant species, suggesting a dramatic shift in community composition and structure. The distinction between weak and strong invaders is important for reconciling conflicting results from previous studies of natural communities, and moving attention beyond the current debate surrounding the biotic resistance hypothesis. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. RP Ortega, YK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, POB 8089, Missoula, MT USA. EM yortega@fs.fed.us NR 62 TC 129 Z9 130 U1 5 U2 59 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 651 EP 661 DI 10.1890/04-0119 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 912ED UT WOS:000228059000021 ER PT J AU Smith, WP Gende, SM Nichols, JV AF Smith, WP Gende, SM Nichols, JV TI The northern flying squirrel as an indicator species of temperate rain forest: Test of an hypothesis SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE density; Glaucomys sabrinus griseifrons; logistic regression; microhabitat use; northern flying squirrel; old growth; southeastern Alaska; temperate rain forest ID FIR PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; GLAUCOMYS-SABRINUS; SOUTHEASTERN-ALASKA; WESTERN OREGON; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CASCADE RANGE; ROTATION-AGE AB Management indicator species (MIS) often are selected because their life history and demographics are thought to reflect a suite of ecosystem conditions that are too difficult or costly to measure directly. The northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) has been proposed as an MIS of temperate rain forest of southeastern Alaska based on previous studies in the Pacific Northwest that demonstrated its habitat is multi-factorial, i.e., an emergent property of old-growth forest. We evaluated the suitability of flying squirrels as MIS in temperate rain forests of Alaska by modeling seasonal (spring, autumn) microhabitat use with stepwise logistic regression (SLR) using either individual habitat variables (n = 26) or multivariate habitat "factors," which were linear combinations of individual habitat variables generated from factor analysis. We compared the efficacy of single variable vs. multivariate factor models in explaining variation in microhabitat use to test the hypothesis that the habitat of flying squirrels in southeastern Alaska was an emergent property of old-growth rain forest. The underlying premise was that if factors were more thorough in explaining microhabitat use, the habitat of flying squirrels was multifactorial; that is, it consisted of multiple late-seral forest attributes occurring coincidentally at usable spatial scales (e.g., home range). SLR models with multivariate factors performed poorer in predicting capture sites than models of individual habitat variables. Two variables, density of large (> 74 cm dbh) trees and understory cover of Vaccinium, explained much of the variation in microhabitat use. We conclude that the habitat of G. sabrinus in southeastern Alaska does not reflect emergent properties of old-growth forest in southeastern Alaska and hypothesize that this pattern may be related to regional ecological differences that facilitate a more general lifestyle than populations in the Pacific Northwest. Furthermore, the effectiveness of Glaucomys sabrinus as an MIS in north temperate rain forest is suspect, illustrating that regional differences in ecology of a species warrant caution when considering the suitability of MIS among geographic areas. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Smith, WP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM WinstonSmith@fs.fed.us NR 88 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 9 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 689 EP 700 DI 10.1890/03-5035 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 912ED UT WOS:000228059000024 ER PT J AU Railsback, SF Harvey, BC Hayse, JW LaGory, KE AF Railsback, SF Harvey, BC Hayse, JW LaGory, KE TI Tests of theory for diel variation in salmonid feeding activity and habitat use SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diel activity; diurnal; foraging; habitat selection; individual-based model; nocturnal; salmonid; theory ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC-SALMON; GRAYLING THYMALLUS-ARCTICUS; BROWN TROUT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; DIURNAL ACTIVITY; MICROHABITAT USE; LIGHT-INTENSITY; BROOK TROUT; WINTER AB For many animals, selecting whether to fora e during day or night is a critical fitness problem: at night, predation risks are lower but feeding is less efficient. Habitat selection is a closely related problem: the best location for nocturnal foraging could be too risky during daytime, and habitat that is safe and profitable in daytime may be unprofitable at night. We pose a theory that assumes animals select the combination of daytime and night activity (feeding vs. hiding), and habitat, that maximizes expected future fitness. Expected fitness is approximated as the predicted probability of surviving starvation and predation over a future time horizon, multiplied by a function representing the fitness benefits of growth. The theory ' s usefulness and generality were tested using pattern-oriented analysis of an individual-based model (IBM) of stream salmonoids and the extensive literature on observed diel behavior patterns of these animals. Simulation experiments showed that the IBM reproduces eight diverse patterns observed in real populations. (1) Diet activity (whether foraging occurs during day and/or night) varies among a population ' s individuals, and from day to day for each individual. (2) Salmonids feed in shallower and slower water at night. (3) Individuals pack more tightly into the best habitat when feeding at night. (4) Salmonids feed relatively more at night if temperatures (and, therefore, metabolic demands) are low. (5) Daytime feeding is more common for life stages in which potential fitness increases more rapidly with growth. (6) Competition for feeding or hiding sites can shift foraging between day and night. (7) Daytime feeding is more common when food availability is low. (8) Diet activity patterns are affected by the availability of good habitat for feeding or hiding, We can explain many patterns of variation in diel foraging behavior without assuming that populations or individuals vary in how inherently nocturnal or diurnal they are. Instead, these patterns can emerge from the search by individuals for good trade-offs between growth and survival under different habitat and competitive conditions. C1 Lang Railsback & Associates, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Assessment Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Railsback, SF (reprint author), Lang Railsback & Associates, 250 Calif Ave, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM LRA@northcoast.com OI Railsback, Steven/0000-0002-5923-9847 NR 54 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 34 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2005 VL 86 IS 4 BP 947 EP 959 DI 10.1890/04-1178 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 914YF UT WOS:000228263300014 ER PT J AU Pickett, STA Cadenasso, ML Grove, JM AF Pickett, STA Cadenasso, ML Grove, JM TI Biocomplexity in coupled natural-human systems: A multidimensional framework SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE biocomplexity; biodiversity; heterogeneity; history; cross-disciplinary; integration; space; time; organization; metaphor ID HETEROGENEITY; BOUNDARIES; COMPLEXITY; SCIENCE; FUTURE AB As defined by Ascher, biocomplexity results from a "multiplicity" of interconnected relationships and levels." However, no integrative framework yet exists to facilitate the application of this concept to coupled human-natural systems. Indeed, the term "biocomplexity" is still used primarily as a creative and provocative metaphor. To help advance its utility, we present a framework that focuses on linkages among different disciplines that are often used in studies of coupled human-natural systems, including the ecological, physical, and socioeconomic sciences. The framework consists of three dimensions of complexity: spatial, organizational, and temporal. Spatial complexity increases as the focus changes from the type and number of the elements of spatial heterogeneity to an explicit configuration of the elements. Similarly, organizational complexity increases as the focus shifts from unconnected units to connectivity among functional units. Finally, temporal complexity increases as the current state of a system comes to rely more and more on past states, and therefore to reflect echoes, legacies, and evolving indirect effects of those states. This three-dimensional, conceptual volume of biocomplexity enables connections between models that derive from different disciplines to be drawn at an appropriate level of complexity for integration. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. RP Pickett, STA (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. EM picketts@ecostudies.org NR 39 TC 50 Z9 57 U1 6 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD APR PY 2005 VL 8 IS 3 BP 225 EP 232 DI 10.1007/s10021-004-0098-7 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 937ON UT WOS:000229935500001 ER PT J AU Zhang, AJ Amalin, D AF Zhang, AJ Amalin, D TI Sex pheromone of the female pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Homoptera : pseudococcidae): Biological activity evaluation SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Maconellicoccus hirsutus; sex pheromone; (R)-lavandulyl (S)-2-methylbutanoate; (R)-maconelliyl (S)-2-methylbutanoate; antagonistic effect ID IDENTIFICATION; HEMIPTERA AB The synthetic sex pheromone of the pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), was evaluated in the field bioassays. In a period of 27 wk, > 90,000 males were captured on sticky traps in the three locations in Key Biscayne, FL. Our experimental results showed that a laboratory-prepared (R)-lavandulyl (S)-2-methylbutanoate and (R)-maconelliyl (S)-2-methylbutanoate blend in a ratio of 1:5 on a rubber septum was attractive to males at concentration as low as 0.1 mu g per trap. Male M. hirsutus captures were not significantly different from traps baited with 1- or 10-mu g doses, but 0.1- and 100-mu g doses captured significantly fewer males. Some of the unnatural stereoisomers of the pheromone antagonized attraction. The alcohols, which could be detected in virgin female's volatiles, also exhibited a repulsive effect. Rubber septum lures baited with 1- and 10-mu g doses of the synthetic pheromone remained active for at least 21 wk under field conditions. Monitoring of adult flight activity with a 1-mu g dose of synthetic pheromone indicated there were multiple generations during the tested period of 8 July 2003 to 12 January 2004. C1 USDA ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Zhang, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Bldg 007,Rm 312,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM zhanga@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 BP 264 EP 270 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 914XS UT WOS:000228262000005 ER PT J AU Pinski, RA Mattson, WJ Raffa, KF AF Pinski, RA Mattson, WJ Raffa, KF TI Composition and seasonal phenology of a nonindigenous root-feeding weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) complex in northern hardwood forests in the Great Lakes region SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phyllobius; Polydrusus; Sciaphilus; root herbivores; invasive species ID UNITED-STATES; BIOLOGICAL INVENTORY; OLD-GROWTH; INVASIONS; TREES; TAXA AB Phyllobius oblongus (L.), Polydrusus sericeus (Schaller), and Sciaphilus asperatus (Bonsdorff) comprise a complex of nonindigenous root-feeding weevils in northern hardwood forests of the Great Lakes region. Little is known about their detailed biology, seasonality, relative abundance, and distribution patterns. We studied 10 sites over a 2-yr period. Two sites were in northeastern Wisconsin, and eight were in the neighboring southern upper peninsula of Michigan. Larval abundance was estimated by soil sampling, and adult abundance was estimated by sweep netting, emergence trapping, and beating samples. Sweep netting collected the most weevils overall (71.0%), whereas beating and emergence traps collected 22.1 and 6.9%, respectively. P. sericeus were the predominant larvae, representing 34.3% of total Curculionidae, whereas P. oblongus were the predominant adults, representing 66.4% of Curculionidae. Few S. asperatus and Trachyphloeus aristatus (Gyllenhal) larvae and adults were collected, with the latter being a new record for Wisconsin. Two additional species, Barypeithes pellucidus (Boheman) and an undetermined Polydrusus sp., were collected only as larvae. Six species of curculionids were collected overall, with at least five being confirmed as nonindigenous species. P. oblongus and P. sericeus adults were the most abundant. These did not coincide temporally. Over 63% of P. oblongus and F. sericeus were collected during single 4-wk intervals in mid-June and mid-July, respectively. Conversely, S. asperatus adults overlapped with both other species, occurring sparingly from 4 June through 28 August. One species was predominant at each site and generally accounted for >= 80% of the total weevil population. P. oblongus larvae and adults predominated in five and eight sites, respectively, whereas P. sericeus and S. asperatus larvae and adults predominated in one site each. Adult and larval populations were generally clustered. We evaluated vertical stratification of P. sericeus larvae in the soil, and most were located within the top 10 cm. C1 Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Pinski, RA (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 3911 Fish Hatchery Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM renee.pinski@dnr.state.wi.us NR 62 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 BP 298 EP 307 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 914XS UT WOS:000228262000009 ER PT J AU Ulyshen, MD Hanula, JL Horn, S Kilgo, JC Moorman, CE AF Ulyshen, MD Hanula, JL Horn, S Kilgo, JC Moorman, CE TI Herbivorous insect response to group selection cutting in a southeastern bottomland hardwood forest SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE selection cutting; uneven-aged silviculture; forest openings; forest management ID PLANT SUCCESSION; PATCH-SIZE; CANOPY GAPS; GROWTH; PATTERNS; BEETLES; ECOLOGY; REGENERATION; DISTURBANCE; ABUNDANCE AB Malaise and pitfall traps were used to sample herbivorous insects in canopy gaps created by group-selection cutting in a bottomland hardwood forest in South Carolina. The traps were placed at the centers, edges, and in the forest adjacent to gaps of different sizes (0.13, 0.26, and 0.50 ha) and ages (1 and 7 yr old) during four sampling periods in 2001. Overall, the abundance and species richness of insect herbivores were greater at the centers of young gaps than at the edge of young gaps or in the forest surrounding young gaps. There were no differences in abundance or species richness among old gap locations (i.e., centers, edges, and forest), and we collected significantly more insects in young gaps than old gaps. The insect communities in old gaps were more similar to the forests surrounding them than young gap communities were to their respective forest locations, but the insect communities in the two forests locations (surrounding young and old gaps) had the highest percent similarity of all. Although both abundance and richness increased in the centers of young gaps with increasing gap size, these differences were not significant. We attribute the increased numbers of herbivorous insects to the greater abundance of herbaceous plants available in young gaps. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Ulyshen, MD (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mulyshen@hotmail.com NR 46 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 13 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 BP 395 EP 402 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 914XS UT WOS:000228262000018 ER PT J AU Dyer, LA Matlock, RB Chehrezad, D O'Malley, R AF Dyer, LA Matlock, RB Chehrezad, D O'Malley, R TI Predicting caterpillar parasitism in banana plantations SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE banana; parasitoids; caterpillar defense model; Tachinidae ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SPECIES RICHNESS; INSECT PESTS; ECOLOGY; SYSTEMS; RATES AB This paper links ecological theory to the biological control of insect pests in banana plantations. Through an established predictive approach, ecological data on tritrophic interactions from natm-al systems were used to formulate simple recommendations for biological control in banana plantations. The specific goals were (1) to determine the most effective parasitoid enemies for biological control of lepidopteran larvae in banana plantations and (2) to examine the impact of nematicides on enemy populations. To assess percent parasitism, we reared 1,121 lepidopteran larvae collected from six plantations managed under two nematicide regimens. Attack by parasitoids in the families Tacbinidae (Diptera), Braconidae, Eulopbidae, and Chalcididae (Hymenoptera) closely paralleled rates reported for species with similar characteristics in lowland wet forests, and statistical models predicted the relative importance of these parasitoids as sources of mortality. We found that tachinid flies were the most important source of early instar larval parasitism in banana plantations, and their importance increased with more intensive nematicide applications. The statistical models that we derived from data on natural systems were useful in predicting which parasitoids would be important in banana and which larval characteristics they would preferentially attack. This approach could be used in other managed ecosystems where the identification of effective biological control agents is needed. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. San Jose State Univ, Dept Environm Studies, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. USDA, APHIS, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Dyer, LA (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 310 Dinwiddie Hall, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM ldyer@tulane.edu NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 BP 403 EP 409 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 914XS UT WOS:000228262000019 ER PT J AU Kopper, BJ Illman, BL Kersten, PJ Klepzig, KD Raffa, KF AF Kopper, BJ Illman, BL Kersten, PJ Klepzig, KD Raffa, KF TI Effects of diterpene acids on components of a conifer bark beetle-fungal interaction: Tolerance by Ips pini and sensitivity by its associate Ophiostoma ips SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE host defense; conifer; diterpene acids; bark beetles; Ips; Ophiostoma ID DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE COLEOPTERA; BLUE-STAIN FUNGI; CERATOCYSTIS-MINOR; NORWAY SPRUCE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; DEFENSE RESPONSES; MYCANGIAL FUNGI; LOBLOLLY-PINE; RESIN ACIDS; SCOTS PINE AB Conifer resin and phloem tissue contain several phytochemical groups, composed primarily of monoterpenes, diterpene acids, and stilbene phenolics. The effects of monoterpenes and phenolics on stem-colonizing bark beetles and their associated microorganisms have been studied to some extent, but the roles of diterpene acids are largely unknown. Diterpene acids are known to have substantial feeding deterrent and growth inhibiting effects on a variety of insect groups and are known to inhibit a variety of fungi. We tested three diterpene acids present in red pine, Pinus resinosa, at various concentrations, on several life history components of the bark beetle Ips pini and the fungus Ophiostoma ips. No diterpene acid affected the host acceptance behavior or larval survival of Ips pini. In contrast, abietic acid and isopmaric acid strongly inhibited spore germination of O. ips, and abietic acid strongly inhibited mycelial growth. The levels of inhibition observed were higher than with any previous assays of monoterpenes or phenolics in this system. These results support the view that conifer defenses against bark beetle-fungal complexes are multifaceted, with all three phytochemical groups being important to P. resinosa, but each with varying relative activity against the beetles and fungi. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA USA. RP Kopper, BJ (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM brian.j.kopper@aphis.usda.gov NR 48 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 12 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 BP 486 EP 493 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 914XS UT WOS:000228262000029 ER PT J AU Kim, KS Sappington, TW AF Kim, KS Sappington, TW TI Genetic structuring of western corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) populations in the United States based on microsatellite loci analysis SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica virgifera virgifiera; western corn rootworm; microsatellites; population genetics; genetic differentiation ID DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PEST-MANAGEMENT; SIZE HOMOPLASY; FREQUENCY DATA; BOTTLENECKS; MIGRATION; ALLELES; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB The western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a major corn insect pest in North America and is spreading in Europe. Seven polymorphic microsatellite loci were surveyed to characterize genetic structuring of D. v. virgifera populations, based on 595 individuals sampled from 10 locations across nine U.S. states (western Texas and Kansas to New York and Delaware). All populations showed high levels of genetic diversity, with mean allelic diversity ranging from 7.3 to 8.6, and mean expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.600 to 0.670. D. v. virgifera populations exhibited little genetic differentiation as a whole across the geographic range sampled, with a global F-ST of only 0.006. Pairwise F,, estimates also revealed little genetic differentiation among populations. Most pairwise Fs, values were nonsignificant, except for those estimated between the Texas population and all others. There was a positive correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance as a whole, but no significant correlation for populations from Kansas to the east coast. There was no evidence for a genetic bottleneck in any D. v. virgifera population sampled. Phylogenetic and principal component analyses support the picture of high genetic similarity over much of the United States. Although high migration rates could produce the same pattern and cannot be ruled out, it seems more likely that the D. v. virgifera populations sampled have had insufficient time for substantial genetic structuring to develop since its recent eastward range expansion from the Great Plains that began approximate to 50 yr ago. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Genet Lab, CICCGRU, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sappington, TW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Genet Lab, CICCGRU, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tsapping@iastate.edu NR 75 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 BP 494 EP 503 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 914XS UT WOS:000228262000030 ER PT J AU Kline, JD AF Kline, JD TI Forest and farmland conservation effects of Oregon's (USA) land-use planning program SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE wildland-urban interface; spatial land-use and landscape models; urban sprawl; Oregon land-use law ID AGRICULTURAL PROTECTION PROGRAM; POLICY IMPLICATIONS; POPULATION-GROWTH; COMPARING STATES; URBAN-GROWTH; MANAGEMENT; TIMBER; PRESERVATION; URBANIZATION; PERSPECTIVE AB Oregon's land-use planning program is often cited as an exemplary approach to forest and farmland conservation, but analyses of its effectiveness are limited. This article examines Oregon's land-use planning program using detailed spatial data describing building densities in western Oregon. An empirical model describes changes in building densities on forest and agricultural lands from 1974 to 1994, as a function of a gravity index of land's commuting distance to cities of various sizes, topographic characteristics, and zoning adopted under Oregon's land-use planning program. The effectiveness of Oregon's land-use planning program is evaluated based on the statistical significance of zoning variables and by computing estimated areas of forest and agricultural lands falling into undeveloped, low-density developed, and developed building density categories, with and without land-use zoning in effect. Results suggest that Oregon's land-use planning program has provided a measurable degree of protection to forest and agricultural lands since its implementation. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kline, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM JKline@fs.fed.us NR 62 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2005 VL 35 IS 4 BP 368 EP 380 DI 10.1007/s00267-004-0054-5 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 933GK UT WOS:000229616700002 PM 15902442 ER PT J AU Zollner, PA Gustafson, EJ He, HS Radeloff, VC Mladenoff, DJ AF Zollner, PA Gustafson, EJ He, HS Radeloff, VC Mladenoff, DJ TI Modeling the influence of dynamic zoning of forest harvesting on ecological succession in a northern hardwoods landscape SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American marten; dynamic zoning; landscape pattern; LANDIS; ruffed grouse; simulation model; succession ID MANAGEMENT; SIMULATION; WISCONSIN; PATTERNS; HABITAT; FRAGMENTATION; CLIMATE; FIRE; EDGE; USA AB Dynamic zoning (systematic alteration in the spatial and temporal allocation of even-aged forest management practices) has been proposed as a means to change the spatial pattern of timber harvest across a landscape to maximize forest interior habitat while holding timber harvest levels constant. Simulation studies have established that dynamic zoning strategies produce larger tracts of interior, closed canopy forest, thus increasing the value of these landscapes for interior-dependent wildlife. We used the simulation model LANDIS to examine how the implementation of a dynamic zoning strategy would change trajectories of ecological succession in the Great Divide Ranger District of the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest in northern Wisconsin over 500 years. The components of dynamic zoning strategies (number of zones in a scenario and the length of the hiatus between successive entries into zones) and their interaction had highly significant impacts on patterns of forest succession. Dynamic zoning scenarios with more zones and shorter hiatus lengths increased the average amount of the forest dominated by early successional aspen (Populus sp.). Dynamic zoning scenarios with two zones produced more late successional mature northern hardwoods than scenarios with four zones. Dynamic zoning scenarios with very short (30 years) or very long (120 years) hiatus lengths resulted in more late successional mature northern hardwoods than scenarios with intermediate hiatus lengths (60 and 90 years). However, none of the dynamic scenarios produced as much late successional mature northern hardwoods as the static alternative. Furthermore, the amounts of all habitat types in all dynamic zoning scenarios fluctuated greatly in time and space relative to static alternatives, which could negatively impact wildlife species that require a stable amount of habitat above some minimum critical threshold. Indeed, implementing dynamic zoning scenarios of different designs would have both positive and negative effects on wildlife species and for other objectives of forest management. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Zollner, PA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM pzollner@fs.fed.us RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016; Zollner, Patrick/A-8727-2010; OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X; Zollner, Patrick/0000-0001-8263-7029; He, Hong S./0000-0002-3983-2512 NR 44 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2005 VL 35 IS 4 BP 410 EP 425 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-0217-9 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 933GK UT WOS:000229616700005 PM 15920674 ER PT J AU Riitters, KH Coulston, JW AF Riitters, KH Coulston, JW TI Hot spots of perforated forest in the eastern United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ecological assessment; forest fragmentation; scan statistic; spatial pattern ID FRAGMENTATION; ECOLOGY; SCALE; DEFORESTATION; LANDSCAPES; INDICATORS; MULTIPLE; PATTERN; MODELS; HEALTH AB National assessments of forest fragmentation satisfy international biodiversity conventions, but they do not identify specific places where ecological impacts are likely. In this article, we identify geographic concentrations (hot spots) of forest located near holes in otherwise intact forest canopies (perforated forest) in the eastern United States, and we describe the proximate causes in terms of the non-forest land-cover types contained in those hot spots. Perforated forest, defined as a 0.09-ha unit of forest that is located at the center of a 7.29-ha neighborhood containing 60-99% forest with relatively low connectivity, was mapped over the eastern United States by using land-cover maps with roads superimposed. Statistically significant (P < 0.001) hot spots of high perforation rate (perforated area per unit area of forest) were then located by using a spatial scan statistic. Hot spots were widely distributed and covered 20.4% of the total area of the 10 ecological provinces examined, but 50.1% of the total hot-spot area was concentrated in only two provinces. In the central part of the study area, more than 90% of the forest edge in hot spots was attributed to anthropogenic land-cover types, whereas in the northern and southern parts it was more often associated with seminatural land cover such as herbaceous wetlands. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Riitters, KH (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kriitters@fs.fed.us NR 35 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2005 VL 35 IS 4 BP 483 EP 492 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-0220-1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 933GK UT WOS:000229616700011 PM 15891943 ER PT J AU Lawrence, GB Lapenis, AG Berggren, D Aparin, BF Smith, KT Shortle, WC Bailey, SW Varlyguin, DL Babikov, B AF Lawrence, GB Lapenis, AG Berggren, D Aparin, BF Smith, KT Shortle, WC Bailey, SW Varlyguin, DL Babikov, B TI Climate dependency of tree growth suppressed by acid deposition effects on soils in northwest Russia SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RED SPRUCE; ALLEGHENY PLATEAU; SUGAR MAPLE; ALUMINUM; INDICATORS; CALCIUM; LATITUDES; STRESS AB Increased tree growth in temperate and boreal forests has been proposed as a direct consequence of a warming climate. Acid deposition effects on nutrient availability may influence the climate dependency of tree growth, however. This study presents an analysis of archived soil samples that has enabled changes in soil chemistry to be tracked with patterns of tree growth through the 20th century. Soil samples collected in 1926, 1964, and 2001, near St. Petersburg, Russia, showed that acid deposition was likely to have decreased root-available concentrations of Ca (an essential element) and increased root-available concentrations of Al (an inhibitor of Ca uptake). These soil changes coincided with decreased diameter growth and a suppression of climate-tree growth relationships in Norway spruce. Expected increases in tree growth from climate warming may be limited by decreased soil fertility in regions of northern and eastern Europe, and eastern North America, where Ca availability has been reduced by acidic deposition. C1 US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Geog & Planning, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Soil Sci, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. Dokuchaeg Cent Soil Museum, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. USDA, Res Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Campton, NH 03223 USA. Penn State Univ, GDA Corp, State Coll, PA 16803 USA. St Petersburg Forest Tech Acad, Dept Soil Sci, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Lawrence, GB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM glawrenc@usgs.gov OI Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X NR 32 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 7 BP 2004 EP 2010 DI 10.1021/es048759o PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 913SF UT WOS:000228172600025 PM 15871230 ER PT J AU McNear, DH Peltier, E Everhart, J Chaney, RL Sutton, S Newville, M Rivers, M Sparks, DL AF McNear, DH Peltier, E Everhart, J Chaney, RL Sutton, S Newville, M Rivers, M Sparks, DL TI Application of quantitative fluorescence and absorption-edge computed microtomography to image metal compartmentalization in Alyssum murale SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYPERACCUMULATOR THLASPI-CAERULESCENS; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; NICKEL-ACCUMULATING PLANTS; CELLULAR COMPARTMENTATION; PSYCHOTRIA-DOUARREI; FREE HISTIDINE; ZINC; LOCALIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; BRASSICACEAE AB This paper shows that synchrotron-based fluorescence and absorption-edge computed microtomographies (CMT) are well-suited for determining the compartmentalization and concentration of metals in hyperaccumulating plant tissues. Fluorescence CMT of intact leaf, stem, and root samples revealed that Ni concentrated in stem and leaf dermal tissues and, together with Mn, in distinct regions associated with the Ca-rich trichomes on the leaf surface of the nickel hyperaccumulator Alyssum murale "Kotodesh". Metal enrichment was also observed within the vascular system of the finer roots, stem, and leaves but absent from the coarser root, which had a well-correlated metal coating. Absorption-edge CMT showed the three-dimensional distribution of the highest metal concentrations and verified that epidermal localization and Ni and Mn colocalization at the trichome base are phenomena that occurred throughout the entire leaf and may contribute significantly to metal detoxification and storage. Ni was also observed in the leaf tips, possibly resulting from release of excess Ni with guttation fluids. These results are consistent with a transport model where Ni is removed from the soil by the finer roots, carried to the leaves through the stem xylem, and distributed throughout the leaf by the veins to the dermal tissues, trichome bases, and in some cases the leaf tips. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Environm Soil Chem Res Grp, Newark, DE 19717 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Manure & Biprod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sci, Adv Photon Source, GSECARS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP McNear, DH (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Environm Soil Chem Res Grp, 152 Townsend Hall, Newark, DE 19717 USA. EM dmcnear@udel.edu NR 60 TC 97 Z9 100 U1 7 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 7 BP 2210 EP 2218 DI 10.1021/es0492034 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 913SF UT WOS:000228172600051 PM 15871256 ER PT J AU Jackson, CR Fedorka-Cray, PJ Barrett, JB Ladely, SR AF Jackson, CR Fedorka-Cray, PJ Barrett, JB Ladely, SR TI High-level aminoglycoside resistant enterococci isolated from swine SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference of Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 24-27, 2002 CL Atlanta, GA ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE; GENTAMICIN; BACTERIA; DETERMINANT; APH(2'')-IB; MECHANISMS; CHICKENS; FAECALIS; FAECIUM AB Approximately 42 % (187/444) of swine enterococci collected between the years 1999 and 2000 exhibited high-level resistance to gentamicin (MIC >=, 500 mu g/ml, kanamycin (MIC >=, 500 mu g/ml), or streptomycin (MIC >=, 1000 mu g/ml). Eight aminoglycoside resistance genes were detected using PCR, most frequently ant(6)-Ia and aac(6')-Ii from Enterococcus faecium. Twenty-four per cent (45/187) of total high-level aminoglycoside-resistant isolates and 26 % (4/15) of isolates resistant to high levels of all three antimicrobials were negative for all genes tested. These data suggest that enterococci isolated from swine contain diverse and possibly unidentified aminoglycoside resistance genes. C1 USDA ARS, Antimicrobial Resistance Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Jackson, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Antimicrobial Resistance Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM cjackson@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD APR PY 2005 VL 133 IS 2 BP 367 EP 371 DI 10.1017/S0950268804003395 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 911TP UT WOS:000228028300021 PM 15816164 ER PT J AU Cai, X Chen, PD Xu, SS Oliver, RE Chen, X AF Cai, X Chen, PD Xu, SS Oliver, RE Chen, X TI Utilization of alien genes to enhance Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat - A review SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Review DE alien gene transfer; disease resistance; Fusarium head blight; wheat; wide hybridization ID MOLECULAR CYTOGENETIC CHARACTERIZATION; COMMON WHEAT; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; SCAB RESISTANCE; RYE CHROMATIN; HESSIAN FLY; DURUM-WHEAT AB Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease of wheat worldwide. Sources of resistance to FHB are limited in wheat. Search for novel sources of effective resistance to this disease has been an urgent need in wheat breeding. Fusarium head blight resistance has been identified in relatives of wheat. Alien chromatin carrying FHB resistance genes has been incorporated into wheat through chromosome addition, substitution, and translocation. Relatives of wheat demonstrate a great potential to enhance resistance of wheat to FHB. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Nanjing Agr Univ, Cytogenet Inst, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Cai, X (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM xiwen.cai@ndsu.edu NR 92 TC 22 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD APR PY 2005 VL 142 IS 3 BP 309 EP 318 DI 10.1007/s10681-005-2437-y PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 926AI UT WOS:000229094700013 ER PT J AU Cahoon, EB Kinney, AJ AF Cahoon, EB Kinney, AJ TI The production of vegetable oils with novel properties: Using genomic tools to probe and manipulate plant fatty acid metabolism SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE expressed sequence tags (EST); unusual fatty acids; fatty acid metabolism; plants; desaturases; vegetable oils ID EUPHORBIA-LAGASCAE; VERNOLIC ACID; EPOXY; SEED; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; BIOSYNTHESIS; DESATURATION; ARABIDOPSIS; ENZYME; LIPIDS C1 DuPont Expt Stn, Crop Genet Res & Dev, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO USA. RP Kinney, AJ (reprint author), DuPont Expt Stn, Crop Genet Res & Dev, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. EM Anthony.Kinney@pioneer.com NR 27 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-7697 J9 EUR J LIPID SCI TECH JI Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 107 IS 4 BP 239 EP 243 DI 10.1002/ejlt.200590020 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 921SP UT WOS:000228785500005 ER PT J AU Vandemark, G Grunwald, NJ AF Vandemark, G Grunwald, NJ TI Use of real-time PCR to examine the relationship between disease severity in pea and Aphanomyces euteiches DNA content in roots SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE damping off; disease resistance; pea root rot; quantitative PCR ID PISUM-SATIVUM; FATTY-ACIDS; ROT; RESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION; REGISTRATION; DRECHS; LINES; POPULATIONS; POLYMERASE AB Aphanomyces euteiches causes severe root rot of peas. Resistance is limited in commercial pea cultivars. Real-time fluorescent PCR assay specific for A. euteiches was used to study the relationship between disease severity and pathogen DNA content in infected peas. Five pea genotypes ranging in levels of resistance were inoculated with five isolates of A. euteiches. Plants were visually rated for disease development and the amount of pathogen DNA in roots was determined using the PCR assay. The susceptible genotypes Genie, DSP and Bolero tended to have significantly more disease and more pathogen DNA than the resistant genotypes 90-2079 and PI 180693. PI 180693 consistently had less disease, while 90-2079 had the lowest amount of pathogen DNA. The Spearman correlation between pathogen DNA quantity and disease development was positive and significant (P < 0.05) for three isolates, but was not significant for two other isolates. This suggests that the real-time PCR assay may have limited application as a selection tool for resistance in pea to A. euteiches. Its utility as a selection tool would be dependent on the correlation between disease development and pathogen DNA content for a given pathogen isolate. The accuracy and specificity of the real-time PCR assay suggests considerable application for the assay in the study of mechanisms of disease resistance and the study of microbial population dynamics in plants. C1 ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Vandemark, G (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM gvandemark@pars.ars.usda.gov RI Grunwald, Niklaus/B-9535-2008; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 111 IS 4 BP 309 EP 316 DI 10.1007/s10658-004-4170-0 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 927SL UT WOS:000229220700002 ER PT J AU Ploetz, RC Schnell, RJ Ying, ZT Zheng, Q Olano, CT Motamayor, JC Johnson, ES AF Ploetz, RC Schnell, RJ Ying, ZT Zheng, Q Olano, CT Motamayor, JC Johnson, ES TI Analysis of molecular diversity in Crinipellis perniciosa with AFLP markers SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AFLP; Crinipellis perniciosa; disease resistance; genetic diversity; haplotype; molecular diversity; molecular markers ID WITCHES-BROOM DISEASE; COCOA THEOBROMA-CACAO; GENETIC-VARIATION; RESISTANCE; BIOLOGY; RAPD AB Crinipellis perniciosa causes a serious disease of cacao known as witches' broom (WB). Heritable resistance to witches' broom has been used in cacao improvement programs. 'SCA6' and 'SCA12' are highly resistant and are the most commonly used parents in the breeding schemes. However, SCA hybrids are not resistant to witches' broom in all production areas. Presumably, different populations of C. perniciosa cause these variable responses. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to assess variation and population structure in this pathogen. We examined 40 isolates of C. perniciosa and one isolate of Melanotus subcuneiformis. Nine of 64 primer pairs produced consistent and informative DNA amplification, and were used to screen all isolates. Fifteen haplotypes (AFLP fingerprints) were detected with 186 polymorphic markers. Cluster analysis grouped isolates of the C biotype (pathogenic on cacao) from Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador and Trinidad together in a major cluster that was distinct from isolates of the S biotype (pathogenic on solanaceous hosts) and M. subcuneiformis. Isolates of the C biotype were divided further into well supported, country-specific groups. Segregation of AFLP alleles was not observed among basidiospore isolates from the same basidiome, broom, tree or field, supporting previous reports that the fungus did not outcross. The results corroborated prior conclusions that C. perniciosa was probably introduced into the Bahia state of Brazil from the Amazon basin. Representative isolates from the genetically distinct groups that were revealed will be used to examine pathogenic specialization in C. perniciosa and differential responses that have been reported in 'SCA6'-derived germplasm. C1 Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Dept Plant Pathol, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. ARS, Natl Germplasm Repository, USDA, Miami, FL 33158 USA. ARS, MasterfoodsUSA, USDA, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Ploetz, RC (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Dept Plant Pathol, 18905 SW 280 St, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. EM rcp@.ifas.ufl.edu NR 30 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 111 IS 4 BP 317 EP 326 DI 10.1007/s10658-004-3821-5 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 927SL UT WOS:000229220700003 ER PT J AU Yeung, KJA Smith, A Zhao, AP Madden, KB Elfrey, J Sullivan, C Levander, O Urban, JF Shea-Donohue, T AF Yeung, KJA Smith, A Zhao, AP Madden, KB Elfrey, J Sullivan, C Levander, O Urban, JF Shea-Donohue, T TI Impact of vitamin E or selenium deficiency on nematode-induced alterations in murine intestinal function SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPITHELIAL-CELL FUNCTION; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; COXSACKIEVIRUS B3; INFECTION; MICE; IL-4; PARASITE; STAT6; PROTEIN AB The effects of deficiencies in the antioxidant nutrients, vitamin E and selenium, on the host response to gastrointestinal nematode infection are unknown. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of antioxidant deficiencies on nematode-induced alterations in intestinal function in mice. BALB/c mice were fed control diets or diets deficient in selenium or vitamin E and the response to a secondary challenge inoculation with Heligmosomoides polygyrus was determined. Egg and worm counts were assessed to determine host resistance. Sections of jejunum were mounted in Ussing chambers to measure changes in permeability, absorption, and secretion, or suspended in organ baths to determine smooth muscle contraction. Both selenium and vitamin E deficient diets reduced resistance to helminth infection. Vitamin E, but not selenium, deficiency prevented nematode-induced decreases in glucose absorption and hyper-contractility of smooth muscle. Thus, vitamin E status is an important factor in the physiological response to intestinal nematode infection and may contribute to antioxidant-dependent protective mechanisms in the small intestine. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Shea-Donohue, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Mucosal Biol Res Ctr, 20 Penn St,HSF 2,351, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM tdonohue@medicine.umaryland.edu OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI049316, R01AI/DK49316] NR 40 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 109 IS 4 BP 201 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.exppara.2004.12.015 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 909RW UT WOS:000227879400001 PM 15755417 ER PT J AU Park, JB AF Park, JB TI N-Coumaroyldopamine and N-caffeoyldopamine increase cAMP via beta 2-adrenoceptors in myelocytic U937 cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE phytochemical; cardiac disease; beta-adrenoceptor agonist; cocoa ID COA-TYRAMINE N-(HYDROXYCINNAMOYL)TRANSFERASE; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CELL-LINE; CONSTITUENTS; AGONIST; INVITRO; COCOA; U937; COUMAROYLTYRAMINE; IDENTIFICATION AB N-Caffeoyldopamine is a phytochemical found in various plants, including cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). N-caffeoyldopamine and its natural analogs (N-cinnamoyldopamine, N-coumaroyldopamine, N-feruloyldopamine, and N-sinapoyldopamine) were synthesized and investigated to determine their potency as P-adrenoceptor agonists, because they have chemical structural moieties found in P-adrenoceptor agonists. Among the compounds tested in this study, N-coumaroyldopamine and N-caffeoyldopamine were the two most potent compounds, able to increase cAMP at the concentrations <0.05 mu M in U937 cells. The decreasing order of potency was N-coumaroyldopamine > N-caffeoyldopamine > N-feruloyldopamine > N-sinapoyldopamine > N-cinnamoyldopamine. Using beta 2-specific antagonists (butoxamine and ICI 118551), N-coumaroyldopamine and N-caffeoyldopamine were found to increase cAMP via beta 2-adrenoceptors in U937 cells. In producing cAMP in U937 cells, N-coumaroyldopamine and N-caffeoyldopamine were as potent as several well-known beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists (salbutamol, procaterol, and fenoterol). These results indicate that N-coumaroyldopamine and N-caffeoyldopamine are potent compounds able to increase cAMP via beta 2-adrenoceptors in U937 cells, and may have potential effects on human health. C1 ARS, Phytonutrients Lab, BHNRC, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Park, JB (reprint author), ARS, Phytonutrients Lab, BHNRC, USDA, Bldg 307C,Rm 131, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM parkj@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2005 VL 19 IS 6 BP 497 EP 502 DI 10.1096/fj.04-2782com PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 922UP UT WOS:000228865300033 PM 15790999 ER PT J AU Fett, WF Cooke, PH AF Fett, WF Cooke, PH TI A survey of native microbial aggregates on alfalfa, clover and mung bean sprout cotyledons for thickness as determined by confocal scanning laser microscopy SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; aggregates; biofilm; clover; confocal scanning laser microscopy; Mung bean; sprouts ID BIOFILM FORMATION; LEAF SURFACES; BACTERIAL BIOFILMS; LOCALIZATION; COMMUNITIES; INFECTIONS; VIABILITY; SIZE AB In nature, bacteria are often organized in aggregates or biofilms rather than as solitary cells. Biofilms on inert surfaces have been studied in depth using confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) with a variety of fluorescent probes. In contrast, there have been few studies of native microbial aggregates or biofilms on living surfaces, including plants. In this study we used CSLM in combination with the LIVE/DEAD(R) BacLight(TM) Viability Kit (Molecular Probes Inc.) to determine the thickness of native microbial aggregates on. alfalfa, clover and mung bean sprouts purchased from retail outlets. A survey of aggregate thickness was made by use of a 20 x dry lens primarily due-to its large free working distance, broad field of view and the uneven topography and shape of cotyledon surfaces. Values for measured thickness (z-axis) were corrected based on the point spread function of fluorescent latex spheres (1.98 gm in diameter). Aggregates consisted primarily of live bacteria. Aggregates on mung bean cotyledons were significantly (P < 0.05) thicker (average= 6.4 +/- 2.1 mum, median = 6.01 mum, range of 3.4-10.6 mum) than those on alfalfa (average= 3.3 +2.1 mum, median= 2.8 mum, range= 1.7-12.6 mum) or clover (average= 3.0 +/- 1.1 mum, median = 2.8 mum, range= 1.7-5.4 mum). Average thickness was not significantly (P > 0.05) different for aggregates on clover and alfalfa. Bacteria in fully hydrated aggregates as imaged by CSLM appeared to be less densely packed when compared to sprout surface biofilms imaged previously in our laboratory with conventional scanning electron microscopy techniques, most likely due to the presence of hydrated bacterial exopolymers. Despite a lack of considerable thickness, aggregates and biofilms on plant surfaces may harbor plant and human pathogens making their eradication more problematic and also protect pathogens and native bacteria from adverse environmental conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fett, WF (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM wfett@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 22 IS 2-3 BP 253 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2004.03.044 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 879PB UT WOS:000225728600014 ER PT J AU Boumtje, PI Huang, CL Lee, JY Lin, BH AF Boumtje, PI Huang, CL Lee, JY Lin, BH TI Dietary habits, demographics, and the development of overweight and obesity among children in the United States SO FOOD POLICY LA English DT Article DE food consumption; socio-economic status; lifestyle; childhood overweight; childhood obesity ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; ADULT HEALTH; CONSUMPTION; COHORT; FOODS AB This study uses a multinomial logistic regression and data from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) to examine the factors that influence overweight and obesity among school-age children in the United States. Results show that Black and Hispanic children seem to associate more with the development of at risk for being overweight and overweight. Poverty is another major variable that positively associates with overweight among school-age children. Frequency of physical exercises was found to be positively associated with normal weight and that sedentary behavior was negatively associated with normal weight and positively associated with overweight among children of ages between 12 and 18. The consumption of low fat milk, other dairy products, fruits and legumes is negatively associated with the probabilities of being at risk for overweight and overweight among school-age children. In contrast, increasing consumption of soft drinks, fat and oils, and sodium appears to be the major dietary factors that positively associated with childhood over-weight. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Athens, GA 30602 USA. So Arkansas Univ, Dept Agr, Magnolia, AR 71753 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Huang, CL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, 313-E Conner Hall, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM chuang@agecon.uga.edu RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 42 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-9192 J9 FOOD POLICY JI Food Policy PD APR PY 2005 VL 30 IS 2 BP 115 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.foodpol.2004.02.004 PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 947IM UT WOS:000230636700001 ER PT J AU Johnson, DD Lin, W Vocke, G AF Johnson, DD Lin, W Vocke, G TI Economic and welfare impacts of commercializing a herbicide-tolerant, biotech wheat SO FOOD POLICY LA English DT Article DE biotechnology; wheat; market acceptance; costs of segregation; economic welfare AB A transgenic variety of spring wheat was proposed for deregulation in North America in 2002. (More recently, the developer shelved this plan.) In this paper, a quantitative model is used to analyze the possible economic impact of commercializing a crop for which there may be sizable consumer resistance. At issue is whether, and under what conditions, the economic benefits from biotech wheat could be outweighed by economic costs. The analysis also addresses the distribution of costs and benefits among stakeholders: producers, consumers, and US taxpayers. Specific attention is given to the impacts on consumers in non-biotech and biotech market segments, and those in the United States and foreign countries. Under base-case assumptions, the analysis suggests that commercialization of biotech wheat could lead to a small net loss of total economic welfare. Results depend critically on several model parameters: the rate of biotech adoption; unit cost savings for biotech producers; the share of the non-biotech market segment; and extra costs associated with a 'dual marketing system' for wheat. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Johnson, DD (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW,Room S5213, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM djohnson@ers.usda.gov NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-9192 J9 FOOD POLICY JI Food Policy PD APR PY 2005 VL 30 IS 2 BP 162 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.foodpol.2005.04.002 PG 23 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 947IM UT WOS:000230636700004 ER PT J AU Roos, JA Eastin, IL Matsuguma, H AF Roos, JA Eastin, IL Matsuguma, H TI Market segmentation and analysis of Japan's residential post and beam construction market SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RESEARCH PROPOSITIONS; EMPIRICAL-ANALYSIS; ORIENTATION; PERFORMANCE; PRICE AB A mail survey of Japanese post and beam builders was conducted to measure their level of ethnocentrism, market orientation, risk aversion, and price consciousness. The data were analyzed utilizing factor and cluster analysis. The results showed that Japanese post and beam builders can be divided into three distinct market segments: open to import, low price sensitivity and conservative. A demographic profile of the open to import segment revealed that they are relatively newer companies, highly price sensitive, composed of larger builders, and targeting the lower end affordable housing market. This market segment was also found to be stronger in Japan's urban regions and weaker in the Kyushu region. Managerial implications for how exporters can target the open to import segment are discussed. C1 USFS Wood Utilizat Ctr, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Oita Univ, Oita 8701192, Japan. RP Roos, JA (reprint author), USFS Wood Utilizat Ctr, 204 Siginaka Way, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 2005 VL 55 IS 4 BP 24 EP 30 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 916YF UT WOS:000228422000008 ER PT J AU Slahor, JJ Osborn, LE Cesa, ET Dawson-Andoh, B Lang, E Grushecky, S AF Slahor, JJ Osborn, LE Cesa, ET Dawson-Andoh, B Lang, E Grushecky, S TI Using a hot water bath as an alternative phytosanitation method for wood packaging material SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The primary objective of this project was to develop baseline treatment time data for a hot water bath treatment to meet IPPC phytosanitation regulations for wood packaging material. A second objective was to determine if 100 percent borate penetration could be demonstrated and, if so, the amount of time needed. Pallet-sized material of green red and white oak and yellow-poplar was used. In a worst-case scenario of frozen stringers, the internal temperature requirement was attained on average in 96 minutes. Complete penetration of the borate (as disodium octaborate tetrahydrate-Timbor (R)) was obtained in 24 hours or less. C1 W Virginia Univ, Appalachian Hardwood Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Northeastern Area State & Private Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Slahor, JJ (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Appalachian Hardwood Ctr, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 2005 VL 55 IS 4 BP 59 EP 61 PG 3 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 916YF UT WOS:000228422000013 ER PT J AU Ganio, LM Torgersen, CE Gresswell, RE AF Ganio, LM Torgersen, CE Gresswell, RE TI A geostatistical approach for describing spatial pattern in stream networks SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID ESTUARIES AB The shape and configuration of branched networks influence ecological patterns and processes. Recent investigations of network influences in riverine ecology stress the need to quantify spatial structure not only in a two-dimensional plane, but also in networks. An initial step in understanding data from stream networks is discerning non-random patterns along the network. On the other hand, data collected in the network may be spatially autocorrelated and thus not suitable for traditional statistical analyses. Here we provide a method that uses commercially available software to construct an empirical variogram to describe spatial pattern in the relative abundance of coastal cutthroat trout in headwater stream networks. We describe the mathematical and practical considerations involved in calculating a variogram using a non-Euclidean distance metric to incorporate the network pathway structure in the analysis of spatial variability and use a non-parametric technique to ascertain if the pattern in the empirical variogram is non-random. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland & Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Ganio, LM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM lisa.ganio@oregonstate.edu NR 35 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 29 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD APR PY 2005 VL 3 IS 3 BP 138 EP 144 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2005)003[0138:AGAFDS]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 913TU UT WOS:000228177000019 ER PT J AU Summers, RW Elliott, DE Urban, JF Thompson, RA Weinstock, JV AF Summers, RW Elliott, DE Urban, JF Thompson, RA Weinstock, JV TI Trichuris suis therapy for active ulcerative colitis: A randomized controlled trial SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; CROHNS-DISEASE; CYTOKINE RESPONSES; HELMINTH INFECTION; ANIMAL-MODELS; UNITED-STATES; SOUTH ASIANS; T-CELL; PARASITES AB Background & Aims: Ulcerative colitis is most common in Western industrialized countries. Inflammatory bowel disease is uncommon in developing countries where helminths are frequent. People with helminths have an altered immunological response to antigens. In animal models, helminths prevent or improve colitis by the induction of regulatory T cells and modulatory cytokines. This study determined the efficacy and safety of the helminth Trichuris suis in therapy of ulcerative colitis. Methods: This was a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at the University of Iowa and select private practices. Trichuris suis ova were obtained from the US Department of Agriculture. The trial included 54 patients with active colitis, defined by an Ulcerative Colitis Disease Activity Index of >= 4. Patients were recruited from physician participants and were randomly assigned to receive placebo or ova treatment. Patients received 2500 Trichuris suis ova or placebo orally at 2-week intervals for 12 weeks. Results: The primary efficacy variable was improvement of the Disease Activity Index to >= 4. After 12 weeks of therapy, improvement according to the intent-to-treat principle occurred in 13 of 30 patients (43.3%) with ova treatment compared with 4 of 24 patients (16.7%) given placebo (P = .04). Improvement was also found with the Simple Index that was significant by week 6. The difference in the proportion of patients who achieved an Ulcerative Colitis Disease Activity Index of 0-1 was not significant. Treatment induced no side effects. Conclusions: Ova therapy seems safe and effective in patients with active colitis. C1 Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, James A Clifton Ctr Digest Dis, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Summers, RW (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, James A Clifton Ctr Digest Dis, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM robert-summers@uiowa.edu OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 30 TC 376 Z9 399 U1 13 U2 49 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 2005 VL 128 IS 4 BP 825 EP 832 DI 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.01.005 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 914SS UT WOS:000228248600007 PM 15825065 ER PT J AU Kass, LB Bonneuil, C Coe, EH AF Kass, LB Bonneuil, C Coe, EH TI Cornfests, comfabs and cooperation: The origins and beginnings of the maize genetics cooperation news letter SO GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID ZEA-MAYS; HERITABLE CHARACTERS; CHROMOSOME C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. CNRS, Ctr Koyre Hist Sci & Tech, F-75231 Paris, France. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kass, LB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, 228 Plant Sci Bldg,Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM lbk7@cornell.edu NR 47 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD APR PY 2005 VL 169 IS 4 BP 1787 EP 1797 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 928IA UT WOS:000229263700001 PM 15879515 ER PT J AU Fukunaga, K Hill, J Vigouroux, Y Matsuoka, Y Sanchez, J Liu, KJ Buckler, ES Doebley, J AF Fukunaga, K Hill, J Vigouroux, Y Matsuoka, Y Sanchez, J Liu, KJ Buckler, ES Doebley, J TI Genetic diversity and population structure of teosinte SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID NONRANDOM SAMPLING PROCEDURES; ZEA GRAMINEAE; MAIZE; EVOLUTION; HYBRIDIZATION; SYSTEMATICS; TAXONOMY; LOCI AB The teosintes, the closest wild relatives of maize, are important resources for the study of maize genetics and evolution and for plant breeding. We genotyped 237 individual teosinte plants for 93 microsatellites. Phylogenetic relationships among species and subspecific taxa were largely consistent with prior analyses for other types of molecular markers. Plants of all species formed monophyletic clades, although relationships among species were not fully resolved. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Mexican annual teosintes divide into two clusters that largely correspond to the previously defined subspecies, Z mays ssp. parviglumis and ssp. mexicana, although there are a few samples that represent either evolutionary intermediates or hybrids between these two subspecies. The Mexican annual teosintes show genetic substructuring along geographic lines. Hybridization or introgression between some teosintes and maize occurs at a low level and appears most common with Z mays ssp. mexicana. Phylogeographic and phylogenetic analyses of the Mexican annual teosintes indicated that ssp. parviglumis diversified in the eastern part of its distribution and spread from east to west and that ssp. mexicana diversified in the Central Plateau of Mexico and spread along multiple paths to the north and east. We defined core sets of collections of Z mays ssp. mexicana and ssp. parviglumis that attempt to capture the maximum number of microsatellite alleles forgiven sample sizes. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Genet Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Guadalajara, Ctr Unit Ciencias Biol & Agropecuarias, Zapopan 45110, Jalisco, Mexico. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Doebley, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Genet Lab, 445 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jdoebley@wisc.edu RI Hill, Jason/A-8919-2008; vigouroux, Yves/A-9056-2011; OI Hill, Jason/0000-0001-7609-6713; Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X; Vigouroux, Yves/0000-0002-8361-6040 NR 33 TC 94 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 23 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD APR PY 2005 VL 169 IS 4 BP 2241 EP 2254 DI 10.1534/genetics.104.031393 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 928IA UT WOS:000229263700038 PM 15687282 ER PT J AU Xu, M Palmer, RG AF Xu, M Palmer, RG TI Genetic analysis and molecular mapping of a pale flower allele at the W4 locus in soybean SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; w4-mutable line; transposable element; SSR markers ID SEQUENCE REPEAT DNA; ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENTATION; UNSTABLE MUTATION; LINKAGE MAP; MARKERS; TRANSPOSONS; GENOME; LINES AB In soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), the w4-mutable line that harbors the w4-m allele was identified in 1983. It was proposed that this line contained an autonomous transposable element at the W4 locus, which is a major locus controlling the biosynthesis of anthocyanin. The w4-m allele can revert to the W4 allele that produces the wildtype phenotype, or sometimes to other alleles that produce intermediate phenotypes. Mutant plants that produce pale flowers were identified among the progeny of a single germinal revertant event from the w4-mutable line. Through genetic analysis, we established that the pale-flower mutation was conditioned by a new allele (w4-p) at the W4 locus. The w4-p allele is dominant to the w4 allele but recessive to the W4 allele, and the w1 allele has an epistatic effect on the w4-p allele. The pale-mutant line (w4-pw4-p) was designated as Genetic Type Collection number T369. An F-2 mapping population derived from the cross of Minsoy (W4W4) x T369 (w4-pw4-p) was used to map the W4/w4-p locus, using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The W4 locus was located at one end of molecular linkage group D2, 2.3 cM from the SSR marker Satt386 and close to the nearby telomere. C1 USDA ARS, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Interdept Genet Grad Program, Ames, IA USA. RP Palmer, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rpalmer@iastate.edu NR 30 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD APR PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 334 EP 340 DI 10.1139/G04-105 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 926IA UT WOS:000229115700018 PM 15838556 ER PT J AU Agrell, J Kopper, B McDonald, EP Lindroth, RL AF Agrell, J Kopper, B McDonald, EP Lindroth, RL TI CO2 and O-3 effects on host plant preferences of the forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria) SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CO2 and O-3 exposure; deciduous trees; FACE; forest tent caterpillar; host plant preferences; plant-insect interactions ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ASPEN POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; INSECT HERBIVORE INTERACTIONS; OZONE AIR-POLLUTION; BETULA-PENDULA ROTH; TREMBLING ASPEN; CARBON-DIOXIDE; DECIDUOUS TREES; BIRCH BETULA; CALCAREOUS GRASSLAND AB Elevated levels of CO2 and O-3 affect plant growth and phytochemistry, which in turn can alter physiological performance of associated herbivores. Little is known, however, about how generalist insect herbivores respond behaviorally to CO2- and O-3-mediated changes in their host plants. This research examined the effects of elevated CO2 and O-3 levels on host plant preferences and consumption of forest tent caterpillar (FTC, Malacosoma disstria Hbn.) larvae. Dual choice feeding assays were performed with foliage from birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) and aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx., genotypes 216 and 259). Trees were grown at the Aspen Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) facility near Rhinelander, WI, USA, and had been exposed to ambient or elevated concentrations of CO2 and/or O-3. Levels of nutritional and secondary compounds were quantified through phytochemical analyses. The results showed that elevated O-3 levels increased FTC larval preferences for birch compared with aspen, whereas elevated CO2 levels had the opposite effect. In assays with the two aspen genotypes, addition of both CO2 and O-3 caused a shift in feeding preferences from genotype 259 to genotype 216. Consumption was unaffected by experimental treatments in assays comparing aspen and birch, but were increased for larvae given high O-3 foliage in the aspen genotype assays. Elevated levels of CO2 and O-3 altered tree phytochemistry, but did not explain shifts in feeding preferences. The results demonstrate that increased levels of CO2 and O-3 can alter insect host plant preferences both between and within tree species. Also, consequences of altered host quality (e.g., compensatory consumption) may be buffered by partial host shifts in situations when alternative plant species are available. Environmentally induced changes in host plant preferences may have the potential to alter the distribution of herbivory across plant genotypes and species, as well as competitive interactions among them. C1 Lund Univ, Dept Anim Ecol, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Agrell, J (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Anim Ecol, Ecol Bldg, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. EM jep.agrell@zooekol.lu.se RI Lindroth, Richard/A-8538-2009 OI Lindroth, Richard/0000-0003-4587-7255 NR 68 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 27 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 11 IS 4 BP 588 EP 599 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00924.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 913UP UT WOS:000228179500006 ER PT J AU Lai, CT Ehleringer, JR Schauer, AJ Tans, PP Hollinger, DY Paw U, KT Munger, JW Wofsy, SC AF Lai, CT Ehleringer, JR Schauer, AJ Tans, PP Hollinger, DY Paw U, KT Munger, JW Wofsy, SC TI Canopy-scale delta 1(3)C of photosynthetic and respiratory CO2 fluxes: observations in forest biomes across the United States SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AmeriFlux; C-13 discrimination; carbon dioxide; carbon isotope; net ecosystem exchange; temperate forests ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; STABLE-ISOTOPE; BOREAL FOREST; LONG-TERM; C-13 DISCRIMINATION; TEMPORAL VARIATION; SOIL RESPIRATION; DECIDUOUS FOREST AB The delta(13)C values of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) can be used to partition global patterns of CO2 source/sink relationships among terrestrial and oceanic ecosystems using the inversion technique. This approach is very sensitive to estimates of photosynthetic C-13 discrimination by terrestrial vegetation (Delta(A)), and depends on delta(13)C values of respired CO2 fluxes (delta(13)C(R)). Here we show that by combining two independent data streams - the stable isotope ratios of atmospheric CO2 and eddy-covariance CO2 flux measurements - canopy scale estimates of Delta(A) can be successfully derived in terrestrial ecosystems. We also present the first weekly dataset of seasonal variations in delta(13)C(R) from dominant forest ecosystems in the United States between 2001 and 2003. Our observations indicate considerable summer-time variation in the weekly value of delta(13)C(R) within coniferous forests (4.0 parts per thousand and 5.4 parts per thousand at Wind River Canopy Crane Research Facility and Howland Forest, respectively, between May and September). The monthly mean values of delta(13)C(R) showed a smaller range (2-3 parts per thousand), which appeared to significantly correlate with soil water availability. Values of delta(13)C(R) were less variable during the growing season at the deciduous forest (Harvard Forest). We suggest that the negative correlation between delta(13)C(R) and soil moisture content observed in the two coniferous forests should represent a general ecosystem response to the changes in the distribution of water resources because of climate change. Shifts in delta(13)C(R) and Delta(A) could be of sufficient magnitude globally to impact partitioning calculations of CO2 sinks between oceanic and terrestrial compartments. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lai, CT (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, 257 South,1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM lai@biology.utah.edu RI Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Munger, J/H-4502-2013 OI Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452 NR 53 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 11 IS 4 BP 633 EP 643 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00931.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 913UP UT WOS:000228179500010 ER PT J AU Prior, SA Runion, GB Rogers, HH Torbert, HA Reeves, DW AF Prior, SA Runion, GB Rogers, HH Torbert, HA Reeves, DW TI Elevated atmospheric CO(2) effects on biomass production and soil carbon in conventional and conservation cropping systems SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; cover crops; grain crops; no-tillage; residue; soil C sequestration ID SCRUB-OAK ECOSYSTEM; LEGUME COVER CROP; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; RESIDUE DECOMPOSITION; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; WATER RELATIONS; FINE ROOTS; SUNN-HEMP; DIOXIDE; FIELD AB Increasing atmospheric CO(2) concentration has led to concerns about potential effects on production agriculture as well as agriculture's role in sequestering C. In the fall of 1997, a study was initiated to compare the response of two crop management systems (conventional and conservation) to elevated CO(2). The study used a split-plot design replicated three times with two management systems as main plots and two CO(2) levels (ambient=375 mu L L(-1) and elevated CO(2)=683 mu L L(-1)) as split-plots using open-top chambers on a Decatur silt loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Paleudults). The conventional system was a grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) rotation with winter fallow and spring tillage practices. In the conservation system, sorghum and soybean were rotated and three cover crops were used (crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)) under no-tillage practices. The effect of management on soil C and biomass responses over two cropping cycles (4 years) were evaluated. In the conservation system, cover crop residue (clover, sunn hemp, and wheat) was increased by elevated CO(2), but CO(2) effects on weed residue were variable in the conventional system. Elevated CO(2) had a greater effect on increasing soybean residue as compared with sorghum, and grain yield increases were greater for soybean followed by wheat and sorghum. Differences in sorghum and soybean residue production within the different management systems were small and variable. Cumulative residue inputs were increased by elevated CO(2) and conservation management. Greater inputs resulted in a substantial increase in soil C concentration at the 0-5 cm depth increment in the conservation system under CO(2)-enriched conditions. Smaller shifts in soil C were noted at greater depths (5-10 and 15-30 cm) because of management or CO(2) level. Results suggest that with conservation management in an elevated CO(2) environment, greater residue amounts could increase soil C storage as well as increase ground cover. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30622 USA. RP Prior, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM sprior@acesag.auburn.edu NR 69 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 11 IS 4 BP 657 EP 665 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00935.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 913UP UT WOS:000228179500012 ER PT J AU Turner, DP Ritts, WD Cohen, WB Maeirsperger, TK Gower, ST Kirschbaum, AA Running, SW Zhao, MS Wofsy, SC Dunn, AL Law, BE Campbell, JL Oechel, WC Kwon, HJ Meyers, TP Small, EE Kurc, SA Gamon, JA AF Turner, DP Ritts, WD Cohen, WB Maeirsperger, TK Gower, ST Kirschbaum, AA Running, SW Zhao, MS Wofsy, SC Dunn, AL Law, BE Campbell, JL Oechel, WC Kwon, HJ Meyers, TP Small, EE Kurc, SA Gamon, JA TI Site-level evaluation of satellite-based global terrestrial gross primary production and net primary production monitoring SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon; FPAR; global; gross primary production; light use efficiency; MODIS; net primary production; satellite remote sensing; scaling; validation ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; AMERICAN DECIDUOUS FORESTS; RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; PONDEROSA PINE; BOREAL FOREST; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; SPECIES COMPOSITION; ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE AB Operational monitoring of global terrestrial gross primary production (GPP) and net primary production (NPP) is now underway using imagery from the satellite-borne Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor. Evaluation of MODIS GPP and NPP products will require site-level studies across a range of biomes, with close attention to numerous scaling issues that must be addressed to link ground measurements to the satellite-based carbon flux estimates. Here, we report results of a study aimed at evaluating MODIS NPP/GPP products at six sites varying widely in climate, land use, and vegetation physiognomy. Comparisons were made for twenty-five 1 km(2) cells at each site, with 8-day averages for GPP and an annual value for NPP. The validation data layers were made with a combination of ground measurements, relatively high resolution satellite data (Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus at similar to 30 m resolution), and process-based modeling. There was strong seasonality in the MODIS GPP at all sites, and mean NPP ranged from 80 g C m(-2) yr(-1) at an arctic tundra site to 550 g C m(-2) yr(-1) at a temperate deciduous forest site. There was not a consistent over- or underprediction of NPP across sites relative to the validation estimates. The closest agreements in NPP and GPP were at the temperate deciduous forest, arctic tundra, and boreal forest sites. There was moderate underestimation in the MODIS products at the agricultural field site, and strong overestimation at the desert grassland and at the dry coniferous forest sites. Analyses of specific inputs to the MODIS NPP/GPP algorithm - notably the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the vegetation canopy, the maximum light use efficiency (LUE), and the climate data - revealed the causes of the over- and underestimates. Suggestions for algorithm improvement include selectively altering values for maximum LUE (based on observations at eddy covariance flux towers) and parameters regulating autotrophic respiration. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. San Diego State Univ, Global Change Res Grp, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Ctr Environm Anal, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. RP Turner, DP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Peavy Hall 154, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david.turner@oregonstate.edu RI small, eric/B-4939-2011; Zhao, Maosheng/G-5706-2010; Papuga, Shirley/J-7026-2013; Gamon, John/A-2641-2014; Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010; Small, eric/K-6007-2015; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; OI Papuga, Shirley/0000-0002-7226-0640; Gamon, John/0000-0002-8269-7723; Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203 NR 87 TC 177 Z9 194 U1 12 U2 91 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 11 IS 4 BP 666 EP 684 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00936.x PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 913UP UT WOS:000228179500013 ER PT J AU Booker, FL Prior, SA Torbert, HA Fiscus, EL Pursley, WA Hu, SJ AF Booker, FL Prior, SA Torbert, HA Fiscus, EL Pursley, WA Hu, SJ TI Decomposition of soybean grown under elevated concentrations of CO2 and O-3 SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air pollution; chemical composition; decomposition; global change; Glycine max; nitrogen ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; RESIDUE DECOMPOSITION; GLYCINE-MAX; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; AGRICULTURAL CROPS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; YIELD RESPONSES; EXPOSURE; ENRICHMENT; CHEMISTRY AB A critical global climate change issue is how increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2 and ground-level O-3 will affect agricultural productivity. This includes effects on decomposition of residues left in the field and availability of mineral nutrients to subsequent crops. To address questions about decomposition processes, a 2-year experiment was conducted to determine the chemistry and decomposition rate of aboveground residues of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) grown under reciprocal combinations of low and high concentrations of CO2 and O-3 in open-top field chambers. The CO2 treatments were ambient (370 mu mol mol(-1)) and elevated (714 mu mol mol(-1)) levels (daytime 12 h averages). Ozone treatments were charcoal-filtered air (21 nmol mol(-1)) and nonfiltered air plus 1.5 times ambient O-3 (74 nmol mol(-1)) 12 h day(-1). Elevated CO2 increased aboveground postharvest residue production by 28-56% while elevated O-3 suppressed it by 15-46%. In combination, inhibitory effects of added O-3 on biomass production were largely negated by elevated CO2. Plant residue chemistry was generally unaffected by elevated CO2, except for an increase in leaf residue lignin concentration. Leaf residues from the elevated O-3 treatments had lower concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates, but higher N, fiber, and lignin levels. Chemical composition of petiole, stem, and pod husk residues was only marginally affected by the elevated gas treatments. Treatment effects on plant biomass production, however, influenced the content of chemical constituents on an areal basis. Elevated CO2 increased the mass per square meter of nonstructural carbohydrates, phenolics, N, cellulose, and lignin by 24-46%. Elevated O-3 decreased the mass per square meter of these constituents by 30-48%, while elevated CO2 largely ameliorated the added O-3 effect. Carbon mineralization rates of component residues from the elevated gas treatments were not significantly different from the control. However, N immobilization increased in soils containing petiole and stem residues from the elevated CO2, O-3, and combined gas treatments. Mass loss of decomposing leaf residue from the added O-3 and combined gas treatments was 48% less than the control treatment after 20 weeks, while differences in decomposition of petiole, stem, and husk residues among treatments were minor. Decreased decomposition of leaf residues was correlated with lower starch and higher lignin levels. However, leaf residues only comprised about 20% of the total residue biomass assayed so treatment effects on mass loss of total aboveground residues were relatively small. The primary influence of elevated atmospheric CO2 and O-3 concentrations on decomposition processes is apt to arise from effects on residue mass input, which is increased by elevated CO2 and suppressed by O-3. C1 ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Booker, FL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, 3908 Inwood Rd, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. EM fbooker@mindspring.com NR 47 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 26 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 11 IS 4 BP 685 EP 698 DI 10.1111/j.1365.2486.2005.00939.x PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 913UP UT WOS:000228179500014 ER PT J AU Widrlechner, MP AF Widrlechner, MP TI Introduction to the workshop SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Widrlechner, MP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM isumw@iastate.edu NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2005 VL 40 IS 2 BP 296 EP 296 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 902YA UT WOS:000227391400008 ER PT J AU Williams, KA AF Williams, KA TI An overview of the US National Plant Germplasm System's exploration program SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Germplasm Acquisition from Conception to Products held at the 100th ASHS Annual Meeting CY OCT 03, 2003 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, Genet & Germplasm Working Grp AB The Plant Exploration Program was established by USDA in 1898, several decades before the emergence of the US National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS), and continues to support international and domestic plant explorations for germplasm acquisition. These explorations are designed to fill collection gaps identified by the crop curators of the NPGS and the 40 Crop Germplasm Committees that counsel the NPGS. About 15 explorations are conducted annually under the auspices of this program. Although plant explorations to remote areas are often still the only means of acquiring unique new germplasm, the focus and methods applied by modern plant explorers have changed significantly in recent years in response to evolving germplasm needs and the new opportunities presented by recent technological advances. Modern explorations are characterized by the targeting of specific taxa and traits. New exploration techniques and tools, including geographic information systems and improved methods of data collection, are being applied to locate, document, and assess plant genetic diversity. During the past decade, legal obstacles faced by the Program have increased due to restrictive laws implemented in germplasm donor countries that exercise their national sovereignty over genetic resources, replacing the free and open access to genetic resources that prevailed before the ratification of the Convention on Biological Diversity in 1993. The NPGS has responded to these regulatory challenges with a flexible approach that includes nonmonetary benefit sharing and increased partnerships with host countries. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Plant Exchange Off, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Williams, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Plant Exchange Off, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kwilliams@ars-grin.gov NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2005 VL 40 IS 2 BP 297 EP 301 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 902YA UT WOS:000227391400009 ER PT J AU Simon, PW AF Simon, PW TI Realizing value from Central Asian Allium germplasm collections SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Germplasm Acquisition from Conception to Products held at the 100th ASHS Annual Meeting CY OCT 03, 2003 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, Genet & Germplasm Working Grp DE garlic; onion; vegetable improvement ID A-FISTULOSUM L; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRID; ROYLEI STEARN; GARLIC CLONES; RAPD MARKERS; SATIVUM L; CEPA L; RESISTANCE; CYTOPLASM; FERTILITY AB Central Asia is the center of origin for many Allium species and a rich genetic source of wild relatives of onion and garlic. For this reason germplasm collections of cultivated Alliums have targeted the acquisition of seed and bulb samples from this region, and several plant expeditions from Asia, Europe, and North America have collected Allium germplasm in Central Asia. Central Asian Allium germplasm has been valuable both as raw materials for scientific research leading to published data, and as starting materials for genetic improvement of the crop. Utilizing this germplasm it has been possible to improve garlic so it can be bred like other seed-propagated crops. Several interspecific crosses have been made between onion and other Central Asian wild relatives and these crosses have yielded useful traits for onion improvement. Allium germplasm from this region has also been important in elucidating the systematics and origins of diversity in onion and garlic. By any of these measures, Central Asian Allium collections have been valuable. Challenges and successes in collecting, maintaining, evaluating, and using these collections remain. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Simon, PW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM psimon@wisc.edu NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2005 VL 40 IS 2 BP 309 EP 310 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 902YA UT WOS:000227391400012 ER PT J AU Havey, MJ AF Havey, MJ TI Sequences of probes revealing mapped restriction fragment-length polymorphisms in cucumber SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cucumis sativus; cDNA; genomic; RFLP ID SATIVUS L; MARKERS; LOCI; RESISTANCE; ISOZYME; NARROW; GENOME; PLANTS; RFLP AB PstI-genomic and cDNA clones revealing mapped restriction fragment-length polymorphisms (RFLP) in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were sequenced in order to ensure that these clones remain available and to determine if any clones showing genetic linkage in cucumber are physically linked in Arabidopsis thaliana. Sequence comparisons using translated searches revealed that 80% of the cucumber cDNA clones showed significant (less than or equal toe-20) similarities to Arabidopsis expressed sequence tags (ESTs) or genomic sequences, as opposed to relatively few (32%) of the cucumber genomic clones. Two clones revealing RFLPs linked at 2 cM in cucumber showed significant (less than or equal toe-20) similarities to sequences separated by 347,616 basepairs on chromosome 4 of Arabidopsis. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Havey, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mjhavey@wise.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2005 VL 40 IS 2 BP 323 EP 324 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 902YA UT WOS:000227391400016 ER PT J AU Reed, SM AF Reed, SM TI Pollination biology of Hydrangrea macrophylla SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breeding; pollen tube growth; self-incompatibility; stigma receptivity; bigleaf hydrangea; sterile flowers ID STERILITY AB Little information is available on the reproductive behavior of Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb. Ex J.A. Murr.) Ser. The objectives of this study were to investigate time of stigma receptivity, viability of pollen from sterile flowers, and self-incompatibility in this popular ornamental shrub. Pollen germination and pollen tube growth in styles were examined using fluorescence microscopy. Stigma receptivity was examined in cross-pollinations made from 1 day before anthesis to 8 days after anthesis. Maximum stigma receptivity for the two cultivars examined occurred from anthesis to 4 days after anthesis. Viability of pollen from sterile flowers was evaluated through pollen staining and observations of pollen tube growth. No significant difference in percent stainable pollen between fertile and sterile flowers was observed in any of the six taxa examined. Pollen germination an pollen tube growth were studied in cross-pollinations made using pollen from fertile an sterile flowers of two cultivars. For both cultivars, pollen tubes from fertile and sterile flowers grew to the same length and had entered ovules by 72 hours after pollination. Self-incompatibility was evaluated by comparing pollen germination and pollen tube growth in cross- and self-pollinations. In the five taxa examined, self pollen tubes were significantly shorter than cross pollen tubes in flowers that were examined 72 hours after pollination. This finding indicates the presence of a gametophytic self-incompatibilty system in H. macrophylla. C1 Tennessee State Univ, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, USDA,ARS,Otis L Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. RP Reed, SM (reprint author), Tennessee State Univ, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, USDA,ARS,Otis L Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, 472 Cadillac Lane, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. EM sreed@blomand.net NR 21 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2005 VL 40 IS 2 BP 335 EP 338 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 902YA UT WOS:000227391400019 ER PT J AU Reed, SM AF Reed, SM TI Cytological analysis of a Clethra alnifolia 'Hokie Pink' x C-pringlei hybrid SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE summersweet; breeding; interspecific hybridization; unreduced gamete; tetraploidy AB Clethra alnifolia L., a native deciduous shrub cultivated as an ornamental, was recently hybridized with C. pringlei S. Wats. The purpose of this hybridization was to combine the cold hardiness and adaptability of C. alnifolia with the ornamental foliage of C. pringlei. While most of the C. alnifolia x C. pringlei hybrids more closely resembled C. alnifolia than the paternal species, a 'Hokie Pink' x C. pringlei hybrid (NA71586) with foliage that flushes red like C. pringlei was recovered. The objectives of this study were to analyze cytologically the F-1 and produce a F-2 population from NA71586. Chromosome counts from root tips cells indicated that NA71586 has 32 chromosomes. Since the chromosome number of C. alnifolia is 2n = 32 and that of C. pringlei was found to be 2n = 169 NA71586 appears to have developed following fertilization of a C. alnifolia egg with an unreduced male gamete from C. pringlei. Both 'Hokie Pink' and C. pringlei exhibited primarily bivalent pairing in pollen mother cells (PMCs). Over half of the PMCs from NA71586 contained 16 bivalents, indicating substantial homology within the C. alnifolia genome. It was theorized that C. alnifolia is either an autotetraploid that exhibits bivalent pairing or a segmental allotetraploid produced from hybridization of species with similar genomes. More than 700 F-2 progeny were obtained from self-pollination of NA71586. Although many of the F-2 progeny resembled NA71586, variation in foliage color, size and shape was apparent in the population. C1 Tennessee State Univ, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, USDA,ARS,Otis L Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. RP Reed, SM (reprint author), Tennessee State Univ, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, USDA,ARS,Otis L Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, 472 Cadillac Lane, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. EM sreed@blomand.net NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2005 VL 40 IS 2 BP 339 EP 342 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 902YA UT WOS:000227391400020 ER PT J AU Glenn, DM Miller, SS AF Glenn, DM Miller, SS TI Effects of Apogee on growth and whole-canopy photosynthesis in spur 'Delicious' apple trees SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Malus sylvestris var. domestica; growth regulator; vegetation control; fruit size; fruit number ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; PROHEXADIONE-CALCIUM; VEGETATIVE GROWTH; CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PACLOBUTRAZOL; PEACH; FRUIT; CA AB This study examines the effect of multiple spray applications of Apogee on shoot growth and whole-canopy photosynthesis (WCPn) rate in young, bearing apple trees. Apogee increased fruit numbers and reduced shoot growth and inconsistently reduced leaf area but the reduction in photosynthetic area did not result in reduced WCPn or a detrimental effect on the fruit number:fruit size relationship. Since WCPn was not affected when leaf area was reduced by Apogee treatment, it suggests a greater photosynthetic efficiency of leaves on Apogee treated trees due to reduced shading. The use of Apogee for canopy management may produce a side-effect of increasing fruit set, which may be managed through a crop thinning program. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Glenn, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM mglenn@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2005 VL 40 IS 2 BP 397 EP 400 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 902YA UT WOS:000227391400034 ER PT J AU Block, CC Reitsma, KR AF Block, CC Reitsma, KR TI Powdery mildew resistance in the US National Plant Germplasm System cucumber collection SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Sphaerotheca fuliginea; Erysiphe cichoracearum; Cucumis sativus; plant germplasm; disease resistance ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; SATIVUS; IOWA AB Nine hundred and seventy-seven (977) cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) accessions from the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) collection were tested for resistance to powdery mildew, caused by the fungus Podosphaera xanthii (Castagne) Braun and Shishkoff, formerly known as Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht.) Poll. Plants from each accession were evaluated in the greenhouse following inoculation with field isolates of R xanthii. Each plant was placed into one of three susceptibility classes based on the amount of fungal growth and sporulation on the hypocotyl, stem, petioles and leaves - susceptible (S), intermediate (I) or resistant (R). Of the 977 accessions (9.6%), 94 contained at least one I or R-type plant. Seventeen of the 20 most-resistant accessions came from Asian sources, including China (PIs 418962, 418964, 432860, and 432870), India (PIs 197085, 197088, and 605930), Japan (PIs 279465, 288238,390258, and 390266), Pakistan (PI 330628), the Philippines (PIs 426169 and 426170), and Taiwan (PIs 321006,321009, and 321011). A quantitative study was conducted to compare mildew reproduction on S, I, and R-type cucumbers in the greenhouse and under field conditions in Ames, Iowa. Leaf disks were removed weekly and microscopic counts made of spore populations. The leaf disk method was superior to visual rating for ranking and differentiating intermediate from resistant accessions. Both the intermediate (moderately resistant) and highly resistant accessions provided excellent protection against powdery mildew in the field. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Block, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM ccblock@iastate.edu NR 27 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2005 VL 40 IS 2 BP 416 EP 420 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 902YA UT WOS:000227391400039 ER PT J AU Wall, MM AF Wall, MM TI Storage quality and composition of sweetpotato roots after quarantine treatment using low doses of x-ray irradiation SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ipomoea batatas; postharvest treatment; quality; carbohydrates; quarantine ID GAMMA-IRRADIATION; TUBERS; VEGETABLES; SUGARS AB Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] roots of three Hawaii-grown cultivars ('Mokuau', 'Okinawan', and 'Yoshida') were treated with 0, 200, or 400 Gy X-ray irradiation and stored for 12 weeks at 15 degreesC. The storage quality of nonirradiated and irradiated roots was compared for weight loss, sprouting, firmness, color, postharvest decay, and carbohydrate concentrations. Nonirradiated roots lost 3 to 4% weight during storage, whereas roots treated with 400 Gy lost 4.7% to 8.6% weight. Sprouting was negligible for all treatments. Storage tended to increase root firmness, while irradiation tended to decrease firmness. When all cultivars were averaged, sweetpotatoes treated with 400 Gy and stored for 12 weeks had the lowest starch concentrations and highest total sugar concentrations. Glucose and fructose concentrations were not affected by irradiation, but these sugars increased during storage. Sucrose concentrations of roots irradiated with 400 Gy were double those of nontreated roots after 12 weeks storage. The purple-fleshed cultivars, 'Mokuau' and 'Okinawan', retained good quality following irradiation and storage, but firmness decreased somewhat for roots treated with 400 Gy. The 'Okinawan' sweetpotato is the primary export cultivar from Hawaii. For the white-fleshed cultivar, 'Yoshida', postharvest decay adversely impacted the internal color, firmness, and overall quality of roots treated with 400 Gy and stored for 12 weeks. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Wall, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM mwall@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2005 VL 40 IS 2 BP 424 EP 427 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 902YA UT WOS:000227391400041 ER PT J AU Malik, NSA Bradford, JM AF Malik, NSA Bradford, JM TI Design and construction of an inexpensive Plexiglas chilling chamber to study flowering in olives SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE flowering; chilling C1 USDA ARS, Kika de La Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Malik, NSA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika de La Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Business Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2005 VL 40 IS 2 BP 496 EP 497 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 902YA UT WOS:000227391400064 ER PT J AU Stover, EW Greene, DW AF Stover, EW Greene, DW TI Environmental effects on the performance of foliar applied plant growth regulators: A review focusing on tree fruits SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE abscission; aminoethoxyvinylglycine; apples; BA; 6-benzyladenine; 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid; Citrus; Ethrel; fruit set; fruit size; Malus x domestica; NAA; 1-naphthaleneacetic acid; PGR; surfactants; thinning ID NAA-INDUCED ETHYLENE; PYRUS-COMMUNIS L; NAPHTHALENEACETIC ACID; DELICIOUS APPLES; MCINTOSH APPLES; LEAVES; PENETRATION; TEMPERATURE; ETHEPHON; ABSORPTION AB Plant response to foliar application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) is often variable, in part,due to environmental factors. Weather prior to application is thought to influence cuticle development and thus PGR uptake. For example, in growth chamber studies foliar uptake of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) is sometimes increased when, fruit trees are placed in low temperature and high humidity several weeks prior to application. Environmental conditions over an extended period of time after application may influence PGR conversion to active form (e.g., ethephon), PGR metabolism, or metabolic factors that affect PGR activity in the plant. The effects of environmental conditions on PGR uptake have been investigated extensively in laboratory studies. In many cases, uptake is clearly increased by high temperatures immediately after application. Laboratory studies report a linear positive correlation between temperature and uptake and greater temperature response above 25 degrees C (77.0 degrees F). High humidity and longer drying time often. are also reported to increase PGR uptake in laboratory studies. These results are consistent with many grower observations on effects of weather on chemical thinning and have been incorporated into many product labels and extension recommendations. However, relatively few field experiments have been reported in which the relationship between PGR response and environmental conditions were assessed. Wash-off studies have demonstrated that rain shortly after application may reduce efficacy of NAA. Several studies demonstrate environmental interaction with metabolic activity involved in PGR action. For example, shading after thinner application is reported to increase fruitlet abscission and enhance effectiveness of some thinning agents. Chemical thinning of apples (Malus x domestica) with ethephon is reported to correlate strongly with temperature in the days after application, while studies suggest that higher temperatures after aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) application may reduce control of preharvest drop. However, the stage of fruitlet development at apple thinning often appears to be more important than environmental conditions at the time of PGR application. In addition, field experiments indicate that longer drying times at lower temperatures seem to largely compensate for greater uptake rates at higher temperatures. This paper discusses data from published and previously unpublished experiments in order to understand the effects of environment on PGR response variability. C1 Univ Florida, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Stover, EW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 43 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 214 EP 221 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 912CY UT WOS:000228055900002 ER PT J AU Glenn, DM Drake, S Abbott, JA Puterka, GJ Gundrum, P AF Glenn, DM Drake, S Abbott, JA Puterka, GJ Gundrum, P TI Season and cultivar influence the fruit quality response of apple cultivars to particle film treatments SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Malus sylvestris var. domestica; kaolin; 'Gala'; 'Empire'; 'Fuji'; 'Cameo'; firmness; color; hue angle; soluble solids; starch index; taste panel ID RED DELICIOUS APPLES; EMPIRE APPLE; YIELD; TREES; SYSTEMS AB Experiments were performed over 3 years to examine the effect that particle film (PF) treatment had on fruit quality of several apple (Malus x domestica) cultivars in Washington and West Virginia. In the first study, a highly reflective, white, hydrophilic particle-based kaolin mineral (Surround WP) was applied to 'Empire' apple in May and June, on a season-long basis, or not at all. Red fruit color was increased by both the PF treatments compared with no treatment in all years. In a second study, the PF material was applied, starting at petal fall, every week for 6 weeks and then every 2 weeks until harvest to 'Empire', 'Gala', and 'Fuji' trees in West Virginia and to 'Cameo', 'Fuji', and 'Gala' trees in Washington. In the latter study, cultivar response to season-long applications varied by year and location. 'Empire' consistently had improved red color with season-long applications of PF materials. 'Gala' had greater fruit weight and red color with PF application in I of 2 years in West Virginia but not in Washington. 'Fuji' had greater fruit weight and soluble solids content and 'Cameo' had greater soluble solids, higher starch indices, and greater red color in Washington with the PF application. In these studies, application of a PF never reduced the surface red color in apples. A taste panel did not identify quality differences in 'Empire' apples treated with PF vs. the control. Cultivar responses to PF applications were variable due to location and yearly environmental characteristics. While particle film technology has value for insect control and reducing sunburn, it has limited value to enhance fruit color due to the inconsistent response. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Glenn, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM mglenn@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 249 EP 253 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 912CY UT WOS:000228055900008 ER PT J AU Faust, JE Adelberg, JW Lewis, KP Niu, GH AF Faust, JE Adelberg, JW Lewis, KP Niu, GH TI Evaluating the storage of elephant ears acclimatized from tissue culture SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE imperial taro; temperature AB The effects of storage temperature and shoot preparation of elephant ears (Colocasia antiquorum 'Illustris') were examined to determine how to successfully store plants prior to, greenhouse forcing. A series of experiments were conducted that provided storage temperatures of 4, 7, 10, 13, or 16 degrees C (39.2, 44.6, 50.0, 55.4, or 60.8 degrees F). and plants were placed into storage with the shoots uncut or cut to 3.0 cm (1.18 inches) above the surface of the growing medium. The storage duration ranged from 40 to 49 days. All plants stored at 4 or 7 degrees C died. Plant survival was 89% to 100% at 10 degrees C, while plant survival was 100% at 13 or 16 degrees C. Shoot emergence and plant growth was faster following storage at 13 and 16 degrees C, than storage at 10 degrees C. Storage at 16 degrees C resulted in leaf growth occurring during storage, which was undesirable. Removing shoots prior to storage had no effect on plant survival and performance during forcing. A fungicide drench with iprodione immediately prior to storage did not improve plant survival. This study suggests that 13 degrees C is near the base temperature for leaf development of elephant ears, thus the plants survive at this temperature with no growth occurring. Shoot removal prior to storage is recommended in order to optimize storage room space. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Hort, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USDA ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, BARCW, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Faust, JE (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Hort, D-136 P&A Bldg, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 295 EP 298 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 912CY UT WOS:000228055900016 ER PT J AU Tisserat, B AF Tisserat, B TI Establishing tissue-cultured sweetgurn plants in soil SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE automated plant culture system; axillary shoots; CO2 enrichment; free-living; growth; Liquidambar styraciflua; micropropagation ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; LIQUIDAMBAR-STYRACIFLUA L; INVITRO AB Methods to enhance sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) in vitro axillary shoot formation and shoot establishment into soil are presented. Sweetgum shoots grown in an automated plant culture system (APCS) produced 400 to 500 shoots via axillary branching compared to only 40 shoots produced within Magenta vessels containing agar medium after 8 weeks of incubation. Vitrification was observed in as many as 80% of the axillary shoots produced in the APCS. A continuous carbon dioxide (CO2)-flow-through system was tested on both vitrified and non-vitrified sweetgum shoots transferred from the APCS to soil. One- and two-cm-long vitrified shoots were grown within CO2-flow-through system chambers and subjected to 350, 1500, 3000, 10,000, or 30,000 mu (LL-1)-L-. (ppm) CO2 for 4 weeks. Administering 10,000 mu (LL-1)-L-. CO2 improved culture survival and enhanced overall shoot and root growth compared to shoots grown under ambient atmosphere (i.e., 350 uL(.)L(-1) CO2). C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Tisserat, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM tisserbh@ncaur.usda.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 308 EP 312 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 912CY UT WOS:000228055900019 ER PT J AU Bowman, KD AF Bowman, KD TI Identification of woody plants with implanted microchips SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE rootstock improvement; Citrus sinensis; sweet orange; Carrizo citrange AB Secure identification of individual plants by some kind of labels in the field is an important part of many types of horticultural, plant science, and ecological research. This report describes implanted microchips as one method of plant tagging that is reliable, durable, and secure. This technology may be especially useful in long-term experiments involving perennial woody plants. Two methods are described for implanting microchips in citrus trees that would also be applicable to other woody plant species. One method of implanting microchips is demonstrated to have no deleterious effect on citrus tree growth through the first 18 months after implantation into the tree. Since microchips implanted beneath the bark will become more deeply embedded in wood as the plants grow, signal penetration through wood was evaluated and determined to be sufficient for long-term field utility. Implanted microchips are potentially useful for secure tagging of valuable or endangered plant species to deter theft by providing secure and conclusive identification. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Bowman, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 7 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 352 EP 354 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 912CY UT WOS:000228055900028 ER PT J AU Marks, H Coleman, M AF Marks, H Coleman, M TI Presenting scientific theories within risk assessments SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS AB We propose a structure for presenting risk assessments with the purpose of enhancing the transparency of the selection process of scientific theories and models derived from them. The structure has two stages, with 7 steps, where the stages involve two types of theories: core and auxiliary, which need to be identified in order to explain and evaluate observations and predictions. Core theories are those that are "fundamental" to the phenomena being observed, whereas auxiliary theories are those that describe or explain the actual observation process of the phenomena. The formulation of a scientific theory involves three constitutive components or types of judgments: explanative, evaluative, and regulative or aesthetic, driven by reason. Two perspectives guided us in developing the proposed structure: (1) In a risk assessment explanations based on notions of causality can be used as a tool for developing models and predictions of possible events outside the range of direct experience. The use of causality for development of models is based on judgments, reflecting regulative or aesthetic conceptualizations of different phenomena and how they (should) fit together in the world. (2) Weight of evidence evaluation should be based on falsification principles for excluding models, rather than validation or justification principles that select the best or nearly best-fitting models. Falsification entails discussion that identifies challenges to proposed models, and reconciles apparent inconsistencies between models and data. Based on the discussion of these perspectives the 7 steps of the structure are: the first stage for core theories, (A) scientific concepts, (B) causality network, and (C) mathematical model; and the second stage for auxiliary theories, (D) data interpretation, (E) statistical model, (F) evaluation (weight of evidence), and (G) reconciliation, which includes the actual decision formulation. C1 US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Regulat & Direct Dev Staff, Washington, DC 20250 USA. US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Risk Assessment Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Marks, H (reprint author), US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Regulat & Direct Dev Staff, Cotton Annex,Rm 112,1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM harry.marks@usda.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD APR PY 2005 VL 11 IS 2 BP 271 EP 287 DI 10.1080/10807030590925821 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 923PN UT WOS:000228921900003 ER PT J AU Campbell, CL Vandyke, KA Letchworth, GJ Drolet, BS Hanekamp, T Wilson, WC AF Campbell, CL Vandyke, KA Letchworth, GJ Drolet, BS Hanekamp, T Wilson, WC TI Midgut and salivary gland transcriptomes of the arbovirus vector Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE expressed sequence tag; EST; haematophagous; gut; vector biology ID GLOSSINA-MORSITANS-MORSITANS; FLY LUTZOMYIA-LONGIPALPIS; MOSQUITO AEDES-AEGYPTI; NORTH-AMERICAN VECTOR; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; FEMALE MOSQUITO; FACTOR-XA; BLUETONGUE VIRUSES; IXODES-SCAPULARIS AB Numerous Culicoides spp. are important vectors of livestock or human disease pathogens. Transcriptome information from midguts and salivary glands of adult female Culicoides sonorensis provides new insight into vector biology. Of 1719 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from adult serum-fed female midguts harvested within 5 h of feeding, twenty-eight clusters of serine proteases were derived. Four clusters encode putative iron binding proteins (FER1, FERL, PXDL1, PXDL2), and two clusters encode metalloendopeptidases (MDP6C, MDP6D) that probably function in bloodmeal catabolism. In addition, a diverse variety of housekeeping cDNAs were identified. Selected midgut protease transcripts were analysed by quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR): TRY1_115 and MDP6C mRNAs were induced in adult female midguts upon feeding, whereas TRY1_156 and CHYM1 were abundant in midguts both before and immediately after feeding. Of 708 salivary gland ESTs analysed, clusters representing two new classes of protein families were identified: a new class of D7 proteins and a new class of Kunitz-type protease inhibitors. Additional cDNAs representing putative immunomodulatory proteins were also identified: 5' nucleotidases, antigen 5-related proteins, a hyaluronidase, a platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, mucins and several immune response cDNAs. Analysis by q-PCR showed that all D7 and Kunitz domain transcripts tested were highly enriched in female heads compared with other tissues and were generally absent from males. The mRNAs of two additional protease inhibitors, TFPI1 and TFPI2, were detected in salivary glands of paraffin-embedded females by in situ hybridization. C1 ARS, USDA, ABADRL, Coll Agr,Dept 3354, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Mol Biol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP ARS, USDA, ABADRL, Coll Agr,Dept 3354, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM camcorey@uwyo.edu NR 66 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1075 EI 1365-2583 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 121 EP 136 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2004.00537.x PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 909KW UT WOS:000227859800003 PM 15796745 ER PT J AU Ullmann, AJ Lima, CMR Guerrero, FD Piesman, J Black, WC AF Ullmann, AJ Lima, CMR Guerrero, FD Piesman, J Black, WC TI Genome size and organization in the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis and the Southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE genome size; genome organization; hard ticks; reassociation kinetics ID DNA-SEQUENCE ORGANIZATION; LINKAGE; MAP AB Genome sizes and the organization of repetitive DNA were determined in the hard ticks Ixodes scapularis and Boophilus microplus using reassociation kinetics. The I. scapularis genome contains similar to 2.15 pg (2.1 x 10(3) Mbp) of DNA and consists of no foldback (FB), 27% highly repetitive (HR), 39% moderately repetitive (MR), and 34% unique DNA. The B. microplus genome contains 7.5 pg (7.1 x 10(3) Mbp) DNA, and consists of 0.82% FB, 31% HR, 38% MR, and 30% unique DNA. In both species, repetitive sequences occur in a mixture of long and short period interspersion but most (65-80%) of the DNA follows a pattern of short period interspersion. Genome size and organization in the three tick species so far examined are distinct from other arthropods in having a greater proportion of MR, a lower proportion of unique and HR DNA of very low sequence complexity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Ullmann, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087,Rampart Rd,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM aff1@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2005.00551.x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 909KW UT WOS:000227859800013 PM 15796755 ER PT J AU Pugh, ND Balachandran, P Lata, H Dayan, FE Joshi, V Bedir, E Makino, T Moraes, R Khan, I Pasco, DS AF Pugh, ND Balachandran, P Lata, H Dayan, FE Joshi, V Bedir, E Makino, T Moraes, R Khan, I Pasco, DS TI Melanin: dietary mucosal immune modulator from Echinacea and other botanical supplements SO INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plant melanin; toll-like receptor; monocyte; mucosal immune; pyrolysis-GC-MS ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4; INDIGESTIBLE SACCHARIDES; INTESTINAL-MUCOSA; GROWTH; CELLS; POLYSACCHARIDE; MACROPHAGES; SUPPRESSION; SECRETION AB The agents responsible for the therapeutic effects of many botanical supplements have not been established in spite of their popularity. Here we show that melanin is a previously unrecognized immunostimulatory compound that is a major component of botanicals traditionally used to enhance immune function. While melanin is present in commonly consumed vegetables, its specific activity is several orders of magnitude less than melanin extracted from these botanicals. The major reason that this agent has eluded detection is its solvent-specific requirement for extraction/solubility. Melanin activates NF-kappa B in monocytes in vitro through a toll-like receptor 2-dependent process. Ingestion of melanin by mice for four days increases production ex vivo of interferon-gamma by spleen cells and IgA and interleukin-6 by Peyer's patch cells. The identification of this new class of mucosal immune stimulants will allow further characterization of botanical products and advances our understanding of the basis for their traditional use. (C) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, NPURU, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Pasco, DS (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, MS 38677, University, MS 38677 USA. EM dpasco@olemiss.edu RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009; OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499; Bedir, Erdal/0000-0003-1262-063X FU NCCIH NIH HHS [R01 AT002360, R21 AT001207] NR 31 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-5769 J9 INT IMMUNOPHARMACOL JI Int. Immunopharmacol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 5 IS 4 BP 637 EP 647 DI 10.1016/j.intimp.2004.12.011 PG 11 WC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 904ZG UT WOS:000227536500002 PM 15710333 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Aguilar, GA Ruiz-Cruz, S Soto-Valdez, H Vazquez-Ortiz, F Pacheco-Aguilar, R Wang, CY AF Gonzalez-Aguilar, GA Ruiz-Cruz, S Soto-Valdez, H Vazquez-Ortiz, F Pacheco-Aguilar, R Wang, CY TI Biochemical changes of fresh-cut pineapple slices treated with antibrowning agents SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acetyl cysteine; ascorbic acid; phenols; polyphenol oxidase activity; sugars; vitamin C ID ASCORBIC-ACID; APPLE POLYPHENOLOXIDASE; PROCESSED FRUITS; QUALITY CHANGES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ATMOSPHERES; INHIBITION; VEGETABLES; STORAGE; OXIDASE AB The effectiveness of ascorbic acid (AA), isoascorbic acid (IAA) and N-acetyl-cysteine (AC) in inhibiting browning of fresh-cut pineapple slices that were stored for up to 14 days at 10 degrees C, were studied. Slices treated with IAA and AA maintained higher levels of sugars and vitamin C than AC and controls. A low reduction of total phenolic content in treated slices was correlated with a lower polyphenol oxidase activity. IAA and AA slowed the degradation rates of sugars, vitamin C, and phenolic content, whereas AC was less effective in affecting these processes. A higher content of AA and IAA was associated with better compositional quality parameters and appearance of the pineapple slices during the storage period. C1 CIAD AC, Direcc Tecnol Alimentos Origen Vegetal, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. USDA, ARS, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gonzalez-Aguilar, GA (reprint author), CIAD AC, Direcc Tecnol Alimentos Origen Vegetal, Carratera Victoria Km 0-6, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. EM gustavo@cascabel.ciad.mx OI Ruiz-Cruz, Saul/0000-0002-7125-8952 NR 30 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-5423 J9 INT J FOOD SCI TECH JI Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 40 IS 4 BP 377 EP 383 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.00940.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 909MJ UT WOS:000227863700004 ER PT J AU Vogt, JT Reed, JT Brown, RL AF Vogt, JT Reed, JT Brown, RL TI Timing bait applications for control of imported fire ants (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) in Mississippi: Efficacy and effects on non-target ants SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEST MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bait; fire ants; non-target effects; foraging ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA HYMENOPTERA; FORAGING ACTIVITY; CENTRAL TEXAS; SEASON; STINGS; RANGE; BUREN AB An experiment was conducted to assess the efficacy of mid-day (11:00-13:00 h) and late evening (18:00-20:00 h) broadcast bait (Seige Pro(R)), 0.73% hydramethylnon) applications against black and hybrid imported fire ants (Solenopsis richteri Forel and S. richteri x invicta, respectively) and their impact on native ant species. It was hypothesized that evening bait applications would have less impact on native ant species that slow or cease foraging at night relative to mid-day applications. Bait was applied to a series of plots in northeastern Mississippi, USA, in summer of 2002 and 2003. Population densities and foraging activity of imported fire ants and native ants were compared between treated and control plots. Population density and foraging activity of imported fire ants were equally suppressed in plots receiving mid-day and evening broadcast bait applications. Population density of Monomorium minimum (Buckley), the little black ant, approached zero in treated plots during 2003 but remained relatively high in untreated control plots. Species richness declined in treated plots with no difference between mid-day and evening bait application. These data indicate that evening bait application offers no advantage over mid-day application in terms of preserving some native ant species. C1 ARS, USDA, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Vogt, JT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, POB 67,141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jvogt@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0967-0874 EI 1366-5863 J9 INT J PEST MANAGE JI Int. J. Pest Manage. PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 51 IS 2 BP 121 EP 130 DI 10.1080/09670870500097478 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 947ML UT WOS:000230649900005 ER PT J AU Girao, H Pereira, P Taylor, A Shang, F AF Girao, H Pereira, P Taylor, A Shang, F TI Subcellular redistribution of components of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway during lens differentiation and maturation SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MULTICATALYTIC PROTEINASE COMPLEX; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ERYTHROID-DIFFERENTIATION; FIBER DIFFERENTIATION; REGULATORY COMPLEX; ACTIVATING ENZYME; DEPENDENT PATHWAY; RAT-LIVER; LOCALIZATION; ASSOCIATION AB PURPOSE. To determine the subcellular distribution of components of the ubiquitin - proteasome pathway (UPP) in lens epithelium and differentiating fibers and to evaluate potential roles of the UPP in eliminating nuclei and other organelles during maturation of lens fibers. METHODS. Adult bovine lens cryosections were stained for immunofluorescence and analyzed by confocal microscopy. The specificities of the antibodies used in this study were determined by Western blot. RESULTS Cryosections of bovine lenses show that E1 and Ubc1 were present in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus in epithelial cells, whereas Ubc3 and ubiquitin conjugates were mostly confined to the nucleus, and Ubc4/5 was preferentially localized in clusters in the vicinity of the nuclear membrane. The 19S and 20S proteasome complexes were preferentially localized in the cytoplasm. When the epithelial cells differentiated into fiber cells at the transition zone, all components of the UPP were primarily present in the nucleus, with the exception of Ubc4/5, which was associated with the nuclear membrane. CONCLUSIONS The results show that during lens fiber differentiation and maturation, components of the UPP are redistributed at subcellular levels. Subcellular localization of an enzyme indicates where the reaction takes place. The primary nuclear localization of the UPP components in the differentiating fibers supports the hypothesis that the UPP may play a role in elimination of nuclei and other organelles during differentiation and maturation of lens fibers. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Coimbra, Ctr Ophthalmol, Biomed Inst Res Light & Image, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal. RP Shang, F (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM fu.shang@tufts.edu OI Girao, Henrique/0000-0002-5786-8447; Pereira, Paulo/0000-0002-9908-2290 FU NEI NIH HHS [R29 EY011717, EY11717, EY13078, EY13250, P30 EY013078, R01 EY011717, R01 EY013250] NR 53 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1386 EP 1392 DI 10.1167/iovs.04-0563 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 910DB UT WOS:000227908900040 PM 15790906 ER PT J AU Wahl, TL Clemmens, AJ Replogle, JA Bos, MG AF Wahl, TL Clemmens, AJ Replogle, JA Bos, MG TI Simplified design of flumes and weirs SO IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE LA English DT Article DE flow measurement; flumes; weirs AB Long-throated flumes and broad-crested weirs have become accepted standards for open-channel flow measurement during the past two decades. These structures offer the accuracy and reliability of critical-depth flow measurement, theoretically based calibrations, the lowest head loss requirement of any critical flow device, and extraordinary design and construction flexibility. Computer software developed in recent years has streamlined the design and calibration process. The software, WinFlume, has been described in several papers and a recent text. Although WinFlume is very easy to use, there is still a need for simplified design and calibration tools for situations where use of the computer model is not possible or desirable. This paper combines several previous efforts to provide such tools in both metric and English units for the most typical measurement applications encountered in irrigation and drainage systems. Pre-computed designs for trapezoidal broad-crested weirs, long-throated flumes with rectangular control sections, broad-crested weirs in circular pipes, V-shaped long-throated flumes, and portable RBC flumes are presented in easy-to-use tables that provide head and discharge ranges, construction dimensions, head loss requirements, and flume rating equation parameters. The use of the tables is demonstrated with examples, and construction methods are illustrated. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Bur Reclamat, US Dept Interior, Water Resources Res Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Int Inst Land Reclamat & Improvement, Alterra ILRI, Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Wahl, TL (reprint author), US Bur Reclamat, US Dept Interior, Water Resources Res Lab, D-8560,POB 25007, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM twahl@do.usbr.gov NR 11 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1531-0353 J9 IRRIG DRAIN JI Irrig. Drain. PD APR PY 2005 VL 54 IS 2 BP 231 EP 247 DI 10.1002/ird.160 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 929QT UT WOS:000229361600009 ER PT J AU Shevitz, AH Wilson, IB McDermott, AY Spiegelman, D Skinner, SC Antonsson, K Layne, JE Beaston-Blaakman, A Shepard, DS Gorbach, SL AF Shevitz, AH Wilson, IB McDermott, AY Spiegelman, D Skinner, SC Antonsson, K Layne, JE Beaston-Blaakman, A Shepard, DS Gorbach, SL TI A comparison of the clinical and cost-effectiveness of 3 intervention strategies for AIDS wasting SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE wasting; weight loss; oxandrolone; nutrition; exercise; strength training; muscle; costs; cost-effectiveness ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; WEIGHT-LOSS; RESISTANCE EXERCISE; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; EUGONADAL MEN; HIV-INFECTION; TESTOSTERONE; OXANDROLONE AB Objective: To compare oxandrolone (OX) or strength training with nutrition alone (NA) for AIDS wasting. Subjects: Fifty patients with AIDS; 47 completing the study. Interventions: Randomization to (1) NA with placebo pills, (2) nutrition with 10 mg of OX administered orally twice a day, or (3) nutrition with progressive resistance training (PRT) for 12 weeks. Main Outcome Measures: Midthigh cross-sectional muscle area (CSMA), physical functioning (PF), costs, and cost-effectiveness in dollars/quality-adjusted life-years ($/QALYs). Results: The OX and PRT subjects had increases in CSMA (7.0% +/- 2.5%, P = 0.01; 5.0% +/- 2.0%, P = 0.04, respectively), although these increases did not differ significantly from the NA arm (NA: 1.0% +/- 1.0%; OX vs. NA: P = 0.09; PRT vs. NA: P = 0.26). Only PRT caused significant improvements in PF (mean +/- SE: 10.4 +/- 3.8 points on a 100-point scale) and 7 measures of strength (P values: 0.04 to < 0.001). There were no overall differences between groups in PF change. Among patients with impaired baseline PF, however, OX was significantly less effective than NA and PRT was significantly better than NA. All treatments led to increases in protein intake and performance; NA and PRT also increased caloric intake. The institutional costs per subject in this trial were $983 for NA, $3772 for OX, and $3189 for PRT. At a community-based level of intensity, the institutional costs per QALY were $45,000 (range: $42,000-$64,000) for NA, $147,000 (range: $147,000-$163,000) for OX, and $31,000 (range: $21,000-$44,000) for PRT. Conclusions: OX and PRT induce similar improvements in body composition, but PRT improves quality of life more than nutrition or OX, particularly among patients with impaired PE PRT was the most cost-effective intervention, and OX was the least cost-effective intervention. C1 Tufts Univ, Dept Community Hlth, Nutr Infect Unit, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Stamford Hosp, Dept Med, Stamford, CT USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Nutr Sarcopenia & Exercise Physiol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Brandeis Univ, Schneider Inst Hlth Poicy, Heller Sch, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. RP Shevitz, AH (reprint author), TUSM, Jaharis 263,150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM abby.shevitz@tufts.edu RI Wilson, Ira/F-9190-2016 OI Wilson, Ira/0000-0002-0246-738X FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00054]; NIAID NIH HHS [P30-AI42853]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P30-DK46200, R01-DK51011] NR 36 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 4 BP 399 EP 406 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000152647.89008.2b PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 906TA UT WOS:000227665000004 PM 15764956 ER PT J AU Leland, JE AF Leland, JE TI Characteristics of Beauveria bassiana isolates from Lygus lineolaris populations of Mississippi SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; Lygus lineolaris; Hyphomycetes; Moniliales; Heteroptera; Miridae; entomopathogenic fungi; tarnished plant bug; microbial control ID TARNISHED PLANT BUG; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; MIRIDAE POPULATIONS; HESPERUS HEMIPTERA; HETEROPTERA; DEUTEROMYCOTINA; PATHOGENICITY; PREVALENCE; TOLERANCE; FUNGI AB Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) may provide a much-needed option for control of Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Heteroptera: Miridae). Fungal isolates from L. lineolaris populations native to cotton-growing regions may be better adapted for controlling these populations. Nineteen B. bassiana isolates from L. lineolaris in Mississippi were evaluated for characteristics relevant to production and efficacy of a mycoinsecticide for Lygus control. Characteristics included pathogenicity to L. lineolaris adults, in vitro conidial production, tolerance to artificial sunlight, and germination at 35 C. Comparisons were made among these 19 isolates, a B. bassiana isolate from L. lineolaris in Arkansas (ARSEF 3,769), and a commercial B. bassiana strain (GHA). Eleven of the isolates from L. lineolaris were significantly more pathogenic than B. bassiana (GHA) based on LC50 values, with several having LC50 values more than 10 times lower than B. bassiana (GHA). The higher pathogenicity of these isolates was also reflected in lower LT50 values and higher sporulation of cadavers, particularly at intermediate conidial concentrations. Isolates from L. lineolaris were generally prolific conidia producers, producing conidial concentrations on barley agar similar to or greater than B. bassiana (GHA). All isolates were highly susceptible to the negative effects of artificial sunlight. One isolate from L. lineolaris in Mississippi germinated at 35 degrees C and all others exhibited little or no germination at this temperature. These laboratory studies indicate that isolates from L. lineolaris may improve mycoinsectide efficacy through higher pathogenicity, particularly if the negative effects of solar radiation and high temperatures could be mitigated by formulation or application strategies. C1 USDA ARS, SIMRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Leland, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SIMRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 USA SN 1523-5475 J9 J AGR URBAN ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Urban Entomol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 22 IS 2 BP 57 EP 71 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 036IZ UT WOS:000237066100001 ER PT J AU Simmons, AM Abd-Rabou, S AF Simmons, AM Abd-Rabou, S TI Parasitism of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) after multiple releases of Encarsia sophia (Hymenoptera : Aphelinidae) in three vegetable crops SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Simmons, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. OI Abd-Rabou, Shaaban/0000-0002-9162-7057 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 USA SN 1523-5475 J9 J AGR URBAN ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Urban Entomol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 22 IS 2 BP 73 EP 77 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 036IZ UT WOS:000237066100002 ER PT J AU Rios-Utrera, A Cundiff, LV Gregory, KE Koch, RM Dikeman, ME Koohmaraie, M Van Vleck, LD AF Rios-Utrera, A Cundiff, LV Gregory, KE Koch, RM Dikeman, ME Koohmaraie, M Van Vleck, LD TI Genetic analysis of carcass traits of steers adjusted to age, weight, or fat thickness slaughter endpoints SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; carcass traits; heritability; genetic correlation; slaughter endpoints ID RESTRICTED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; BEEF-CATTLE; LONGISSIMUS PALATABILITY; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; WEANING WEIGHT; ULTRASOUND MEASUREMENTS; VARIANCE-COMPONENTS; CROSSBRED CATTLE; HEREFORD CATTLE; RETAIL PRODUCT AB Carcass measurements from 1,664 steers from the Germ Plasm Utilization project at U.S. Meat Animal Research Center were used to estimate heritabilities (h(2)) of, and genetic correlations (r(g)) among, 14 carcass traits adjusted to different endpoints (age, carcass weight, and fat thickness): HCW (kg), dressing percent (DP), adjusted fat thickness (AFT, cm), LM area (LMA, cm(2)), KPH (%), marbling score (MS), yield grade (YG), predicted percentage of retail product (PRP), retail product weight (RPW, kg), fat weight (FW, kg), bone weight (BNW, kg), actual percentage retail product (RPP), fat percent (FP), and bone percent. Fixed effects in the model included breed group, feed energy level, dam age, birth year, significant (P < 0.05) interactions, covariate for days on feed, and the appropriate covariate for endpoint nested (except age) within breed group. Random effects in the model were additive genetic effect of animal and total maternal effect of dam. Parameters were estimated by REML. For some traits, estimates of h 2 and phenotypic variance changed with different endpoints. Estimates of h 2 for HCW, DP, RPW, and BNW at constant age, weight, or fat thickness were 0.27, -, and 0.41; 0.19, 0.26, and 0.18; 0.42, 0.32, and 0.50; and 0.43, 0.32, and 0.48, respectively. Magnitude and/or sign of r(g) also changed across endpoints for 54 of the 91 trait pairs. Estimates for HCW-LMA, AFT-RPW, LMA-YG, LMA-PRP, LMA-FW, LMA-RPP, and LMA-FP at constant age, weight, or fat thickness were 0.32, -, and 0.51; -0.26, -0.77, and -; -0.71, -0.89, and -0.66; 0.68, 0.85, and 0.63; -0.16, -0.51, and 0.22; 0.47, 0.57, and 0.27; and -0.44, -0.43, and -0.18, respectively. Fat thickness was highly correlated with YG (0.86 and 0.85 for common age and weight) and PRP (-0.85 and -0.82 for common age and weight), indicating that selection for decreased fat thickness would improve YG and PRP. Carcass quality, however, would be affected negatively because of moderate rg (0.34 and 0.35 for common age and weight) between MS and AFT. Estimates of h(2) and phenotypic variance indicate that enough genetic variation exists to change measures of carcass merit by direct selection. For some carcass traits, however, magnitude of change would depend on effect of endpoint on h(2) and phenotypic variance. Correlated responses to selection would differ depending on endpoint. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Van Vleck, LD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, A218 Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM lvanvleck@unlnotes.unl.edu RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 52 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 83 IS 4 BP 764 EP 776 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019OO UT WOS:000235846800005 PM 15753330 ER PT J AU Cammack, KM Leymaster, KA Jenkins, TG Nielsen, MK AF Cammack, KM Leymaster, KA Jenkins, TG Nielsen, MK TI Estimates of genetic parameters for feed intake, feeding behavior, and daily gain in composite ram lambs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE average daily gain; behavior; feed intake; genetic parameters; sheep ID PHENOTYPIC PARAMETERS; GROWTH TRAITS; GROWING PIGS; POSTWEANING GROWTH; CARCASS TRAITS; INTAKE PATTERN; BODY WEIGHTS; FOOD-INTAKE; EFFICIENCY; CATTLE AB Our objective was to estimate genetic parameters for feed intake, feeding behavior, and ADG in composite ram lambs (1/2 Columbia, 1/4 Hampshire, 1/4 Suffolk). Data were collected from 1986 to 1997 on 1,239 ram lambs from approximately 11 to 17 wk of age at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center near Clay Center, NE. Feeding equipment consisted of an elevated pen with an entrance chute that permitted access to the feeder by only one ram lamb at a time, with disappearance of feed measured by an electronic weighing system. Ram lambs were grouped 11 per pen from 1986 to 1989, and nine per pen from 1990 to 1997. Data were edited to exclude invalid feeding events, and approximately 80% of the data remained after edits were applied. Traits analyzed were daily feed intake (DFI), event feed intake (EFI), residual feed intake (RFI), daily feeding time (DFT), event feeding time (EFT), number of daily feeding events (DFE), and ADG. Feed intake traits of DFI and EFI had estimated heritabilities of 0.25 and 0.33, respectively, whereas estimated heritability of RFI was 0.11. Heritability estimates for feeding behavior traits, including DFT, EFT, and DFE, ranged from 0.29 to 0.36. Average daily gain had an estimated heritability of 0.26. Genetic correlations were positive between all pairs of traits, except for RFI and ADG, and that estimate was essentially zero. Phenotypic correlations were generally similar to genetic correlations. Genetic correlations were large (0.80) between DFI and ADG, intermediate between DFI and RFI (0.61) and between DFT and DFE (0.55), and low (0.17 to 0.31) for the other pairs of traits, with the exception of RFI and ADG (-0.03). Genetic correlations between behavioral traits were greater than correlations between behavioral traits and measures of feed intake or ADG; however, selection for ADG and/or feed intake would be expected to cause some changes in feeding behavior. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Nielsen, MK (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, A218 Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM mnielsen1@unl.edu NR 29 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 83 IS 4 BP 777 EP 785 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019OO UT WOS:000235846800006 PM 15753331 ER PT J AU Sawalha, RM Snowder, GD Keown, JF Van Vleck, LD AF Sawalha, RM Snowder, GD Keown, JF Van Vleck, LD TI Genetic relationship between milk score and litter weight for Targhee, Columbia, Rambouillet, and Polypay sheep SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heritability; genetic correlations; lactation; reproduction ID PROTEIN PERCENTAGE; LAMB PRODUCTION; WOOL TRAITS; PARAMETERS; PROLIFICACY; GROWTH; EWES; BREEDS; YIELD AB This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between milk score (MS) and litter weight at 70 d (LW) for four sheep breeds in the United States. Milk score is a subjective measure of milk production used to assess milk production of range ewes when milk yield cannot be quantitatively determined. Variance components for MS and LW were estimated for each of Targhee, Columbia, Rambouillet, and Poly-pay breeds. Data collected from 1990 through 2000 at the U.S. Sheep Exp. Stn. in Dubois, ID, were analyzed with an animal model using REML. There were 13,900 records of MS and LW for 5,807 ewes. Records were grouped according to parity as first, second, and greater (mature), and all records (lifetime). Estimates of heritability for MS were in the range of 0.05 to 0.18 for first, 0.01 to 0.27 for second, 0.05 to 0.10 for mature, and 0.08 to 0.13 for all lifetime parity groups. Estimates of genetic correlation between MS at first and second parities ranged from 0.74 to 1.00. Similarly, mature MS was highly correlated genetically with MS at first (0.83 to 1.00) and at second (0.60 to 1.00) parities, suggesting that additive genetic value for milking ability at maturity could be evaluated as early as at first parity. Heritability estimates for LW ranged from 0.00 to 0.18 over all breeds and parity groupings. The genetic correlation between LW at first and second parity groups ranged from 0.43 to 1.00. Estimates of genetic correlation between LW at first or second parity with mature LW were mostly high and positive, except for Targhee (-0.10) and Polypay (0.14) at first parity. Litter weight for mature ewes could be improved by selection at first or second parity. Estimates of genetic correlation at first parity between MS and LW were high (1.00) for Rambouillet and Polypay, and near zero for Columbia and Targhee. At second parity, estimates of genetic correlation between MS and LW were positive and moderate for Rambouillet and Polypay but more variable for Columbia and Targhee. Estimates of genetic correlation between MS and LW were mostly positive and may be favorable with smaller estimates of standard errors using all lifetime records rather than first or second parity records. Although estimates are variable, the average of the estimates of the genetic correlation suggests that LW can be improved by selecting ewes for favorable MS. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Van Vleck, LD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, A218 Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM lvanvleck@unlnotes.unl.edu NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 83 IS 4 BP 786 EP 793 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019OO UT WOS:000235846800007 PM 15753332 ER PT J AU MacNeil, MD AF MacNeil, MD TI Genetic evaluation of the ratio of calf weaning weight to cow weight SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; cow indexes; genetic gain; selection responses ID ESTIMATING VARIANCE-COMPONENTS; RESTRICTED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; BEEF-CATTLE; YEARLING WEIGHT; SELECTION CRITERIA; HEREFORD CATTLE; COMPOSITE LINE; ANIMAL-MODELS; BIRTH-WEIGHT; EFFICIENCY AB The phenotypic ratio of a calfs weaning weight to its dam's weight is thought to be an indicator of efficiency of the cow. Thus, the objectives of this research were to 1) estimate genetic parameters for the ratio of 200-d calf weight to mature-equivalent cow weight at weaning, its components, and other growth traits; and 2) evaluate responses to selection based on the ratio. Phenotypes evaluated were the ratio (100 kg/ kg; n = 4,184), birth weight (kg; n = 5,083), 200-d weight (kg; n = 4,902), 365-d weight (kg; n = 4,626), and mature-equivalent cow weight at weaning (kg; n = 4,375). In 1989, a randomly selected and mated control line and a line selected for greater values of the ratio were established. Average generation intervals were 3.39 +/- 0.05 and 3.90 +/- 0.08 yr in the ratio selected line and control line, respectively. The ratio selection line (n = 895) accumulated approximately 4.7 SD more selection differential than the control line (n = 912) over 2.5 generations. Data were analyzed with a multiple-trait Gibbs sampler for animal models to make Bayesian inferences. Heritability estimates (posterior mean SD) for direct effects were 0.20 +/- 0.03, 0.46 +/- 0.04, 0.48 +/- 0.03, 0.58 +/- 0.04, and 0.76 +/- 0.02 for ratio, birth weight, 200-d weight, 365-d weight, and cow weight, respectively. Estimates for heritability of maternal effects were 0.58 +/- 0.05, 0.10 +/- 0.02, 0.13 +/- 0.02, and 0.10 +/- 0.02 for ratio, birth weight, 200-d weight, 365-d weight, respectively. Significant response to selection was limited to maternal effects: 1.32 +/- 0.38 ratio units per generation. As the ratio was a trait of the calf, estimated maternal genetic effects on the ratio contained both genetic effects due to dams that environmentally affected progeny performance and direct effects on the reciprocal of cow weight. In the control line, genetic trends in direct and maternal 200-d weight were -1.28 +/- 0.91 and 0.62 +/- 0.92 kg/generation, respectively, and the genetic trend in direct effects on cow weight was -5.72 +/- 2.80 kg/ generation. In the selection line, genetic trends in direct and maternal 200-d weight were 1.43 +/- 0.79 and 2.90 +/- 0.80 kg/generation and the genetic trend in cow weight was -2.79 +/- 2.43 kg/generation. Significant correlated responses were observed in direct effects on birth weight and maternal effects on 365-d weight. Results contraindicate use of the ratio of calf weaning weight to cow weight as a selection criterion. C1 USDA ARS, Fort Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP MacNeil, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fort Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, 243 Fort Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM mike@larrl.ars.usda.gov RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 34 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 83 IS 4 BP 794 EP 802 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019OO UT WOS:000235846800008 PM 15753333 ER PT J AU Peterson, BC Waldbieser, GC Bilodeau, L AF Peterson, BC Waldbieser, GC Bilodeau, L TI Effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin on growth and abundance of mRNA for IGF-I and IGF-II in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE catfish; insulin-like growth factor-I; insulin-like growth Factor-II; somatotropin ID BODY-COMPOSITION; RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; REGULATED EXPRESSION; HORMONE TREATMENT; SALMON; FISH; TILAPIA; LIVER; GH AB Research was conducted to examine growth rates, circulating concentrations of IGF-I, and mRNA abundance levels of IGF-I and IGF-II in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) given recombinant bovine ST (rbST; Posilac, Monsanto Co., St. Louis MO). In the first study, juvenile catfish (5.5 +/- 0.5 g) were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: 1) sham-injected control (one needle puncture per week); 2) rbST (30 mu g-g BW-1 center dot wk(-1); Posilac); and 3) nonhandled control (control). At the end of the 6-wk study, the fish were weighed, measured for length, and GY was determined. Compared with sham and control treatments, rbST-treated fish had 48% greater final BW, 14% greater total length, and 52% greater GY (P < 0.001). In the second study, juvenile catfish (41.1 +/- 1.5 g) were assigned randomly to one of two treatments: 1) sham or 2) rbST. Eight fish per treatment were sampled on d 0, 1, 2, 7, 14, and 21 for blood, muscle, and liver. Relative expression of IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA was determined by real-time PCR and plasma concentrations of IGF-I were measured using a validated fluoroimmunoassay. Circulating concentrations of IGF-I were increased (37.9 +/- 5.5 vs. 22.0 +/- 6.6 ng/mL; P < 0.05) in rbST-injected fish compared with sham-injected controls by d 14. Liver IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA was increased 4.3- and 14.4-fold, respectively, by d I in rbST-injected fish compared with controls (P < 0.05); however, abundance of liver IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA did not differ from controls on d 0, 2, 7, 14, and 21. Abundance of muscle IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA did not differ in rbST-injected fish compared with controls throughout the study. Results of the first study demonstrated that rbST improves growth performance of channel catfish. Results of the second study showed that the growth-promoting effects of rbST were not mediated by the expression of IGF-I or IGF-II mRNA in the muscle. Instead, the results suggest that rbST promotes growth by stimulating plasma IGF-I release, possibly through its direct effect on the liver or on local tissues to synthesize IGF-I. The changes in mRNA abundance and plasma concentrations of IGF-I support the role of IGF-I in growth regulation of channel catfish. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Peterson, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bpeterson@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 83 IS 4 BP 816 EP 824 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019OO UT WOS:000235846800011 PM 15753336 ER PT J AU Mahan, DC Brendemuhl, JH Carter, SD Chiba, LI Crenshaw, TD Cromwell, GL Dove, CR Harper, AF Hill, GM Hollis, GR Kim, SW Lindemann, MD Maxwell, CV Miller, PS Nelssen, JL Richert, BT Southern, LL Stahly, TS Stein, HH van Heugten, E Yen, JT AF Mahan, DC Brendemuhl, JH Carter, SD Chiba, LI Crenshaw, TD Cromwell, GL Dove, CR Harper, AF Hill, GM Hollis, GR Kim, SW Lindemann, MD Maxwell, CV Miller, PS Nelssen, JL Richert, BT Southern, LL Stahly, TS Stein, HH van Heugten, E Yen, JT TI Comparison of dietary selenium fed to grower-finisher pigs from various regions of the United States on resulting tissue Se and loin mineral concentration SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE geographical region; pigs; selenium ID GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY; SODIUM SELENITE; ENRICHED YEAST; SERUM; EFFICACY; PROGENY AB A study was conducted to evaluate the mineral content of pork tissue with particular emphasis on Se between various states (regions) having different diet (grain) indigenous Se concentrations. The study involved 19 states in the north, central, and southern regions of the United States, with committee members of NCR-42 and S-1012 (formerly S-288). A total of 62 pigs were used, with collaborators sending 100-g samples each of loin, heart, and liver, and a 3- to 4-g sample of hair (collected along the topline) from two to five market-weight pigs to a common laboratory for analysis. Diets at each station were formulated with locally purchased soybean meal and grain that was either grown or normally fed to pigs within their state. Tissues were analyzed for Se, but only the loin was analyzed for the macro- and micromineral elements. Correlation of dietary minerals to the tissue element was determined. The results demonstrated differences in tissue Se among states (P < 0.01), with high correlations of dietary Se to loin (r = 0.86; P < 0.01), heart (r = 0.84; P < 0.01), liver (r = 0.83; P < 0.01), and hair Se (r = 0.90; P < 0.01) concentrations. The correlation of hair Se to the Se concentration of loin, heart, and liver tissues was high (r > 0.90; P < 0.01). States in the west-central region of the United States and west of the Mississippi river had higher dietary Se and tissue Se concentrations than states in the eastern section of the Corn Belt, east of the Mississippi river, and along the East Coast. Generally, states did not differ greatly in their loin macro- and micromineral concentrations. The simple correlation of dietary minerals to their corresponding loin mineral concentration was generally nonsignificant, but most macrominerals had decreasing mineral concentrations when the dietary mineral level was higher. These results indicate that regional differences in tissue Se were influenced more by the indigenous Se content of the diet (grain) fed to the pigs than from sodium selenite. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Mahan, DC (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 2027 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM mahan.3@osu.edu NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 83 IS 4 BP 852 EP 857 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019OO UT WOS:000235846800015 PM 15753340 ER PT J AU Freetly, HC Ferrell, CL Jenkins, TG AF Freetly, HC Ferrell, CL Jenkins, TG TI Nutritionally altering weight gain patterns of pregnant heifers and young cows changes the time that feed resources are offered without any differences in production SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cows; lactation; nutrition; pregnancy ID REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; BODY CONDITION; BEEF HEIFERS; MATURE COWS; LEVEL; GROWTH; ENERGY AB We hypothesized that feed resources could be deferred to a later time in the production cycle without a decrease in fertility or weight of calf produced in heifers and young cows. One-hundred and thirty-one MARC III (four breed composite: 1/4 Hereford, 1/4 Angus, 1/4 Red Poll, and 1/4 Pinzgauer) heifers were divided into three treatments: M-M-M-M (n = 46), L-H-M-M (n = 41), and L-L-L-H (n = 44). The experiment consisted of four feeding periods. Period 1 was 94 to 186 d of gestation, and heifers were fed a moderate (M) or low (L) level of feed. Period 2 was 187 d of gestation to parturition, and heifers were fed moderate, high (H), or low levels of feed. Period 3 was from parturition through 27 d of lactation, and heifers were fed moderate or low levels of feed. Period 4 was from 28 d to approximately 63 d of lactation, and heifers were fed moderate or high levels of feed. Females remained within treatments through their first parity (heifers) and second parity (cows). Feed intake of L-H-M-M and M-M-M-M treatments did not differ from each other either as heifers (P = 0.23) or as second-parity cows (P > 0.59). The LL-L-H heifers ate less feed than L-H-M-M and M-MM-M heifers (P < 0.001), and second-parity L-L-L-H cows ate less feed than second-parity L-H-M-M and MM-M-M cows (P < 0.002). In the first parity, treatments did not differ in the percentage of calves weaned (P = 0.11), weight of calf weaned (P = 0.50), or percentage of cows diagnosed pregnant (P = 0.29) with a second calf. In the second parity, treatments did not differ in the percentage of calves weaned (P = 0.77), weight of calf weaned (P = 0.63), or percentage of cows expressing a corpus luteum at the start of breeding for their third calf (P = 0.21). Our findings suggest that timing nutrient availability to heifers and primiparous cows can be used to change the time that feed resources are used. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Freetly, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM freetly@email.marc.usda.gov NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 83 IS 4 BP 916 EP 926 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019OO UT WOS:000235846800023 PM 15753348 ER PT J AU Flesch, TK Wilson, JD Harper, LA AF Flesch, TK Wilson, JD Harper, LA TI Deducing ground-to-air emissions from observed trace gas concentrations: A field trial with wind disturbance SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHELTER FENCE; PLOT AB Inverse-dispersion techniques allow inference of I gas emission rate Q from Measured air concentration. In "ideal surface layer problems," where Monin-Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) describes the winds transporting the gas, the application of the technique can be straightforward. This study examines the accuracy of an ideal MOST-based inference, but in nonideal setting. From a 6 m X 6 m synthetic area source surrounded by a 20 m X 20 m square border of a windbreak fence (1.25 m tall), Q is estimated. Open-path lasers gave fine-averaged concentration C-L at positions downwind of the source, and an idealized backward Lagrangian stochastic (bLS) dispersion model was used to infer Q(bLS). Despite the disturbance of the mean wind and turbulence caused by the fence, the Q(bLS) estimates were accurate when ambient winds (measured upwind of the plot) were assumed in the bLS model. In the worst cases, with C-L measured adjacent to a plot fence, Q(bLS) overestimated Q by an average of 50%. However, if these near-fence locations are eliminated, Q(bLS) averaged within 2% of the true Q over 61 fifteen-minute observations (with a standard deviation σ(Q/Q) = 0.20). Poorer accuracy occurred when in-plot wind measurements were used in the bLS model. The results show that when an inverse-dispersion technique is applied to disturbed flows without accounting for the disturbance, the outcome may still be of acceptable accuracy if judgment is applied in the placement of the concentration detector. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA USA. RP Flesch, TK (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. EM thomas.flesch@ualberta.ca NR 16 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 44 IS 4 BP 475 EP 484 DI 10.1175/JAM2214.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 924JP UT WOS:000228975400006 ER PT J AU Hyder, PW Fredrickson, EL Estell, RE Lucero, ME Remmenga, MD AF Hyder, PW Fredrickson, EL Estell, RE Lucero, ME Remmenga, MD TI Loss of phenolic compounds from leaf litter of creosotebush [Larrea tridentata (Sess. & Moc. ex DC.) Cov.] and tarbush (Flourensia cernua DC.) SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE condensed tannins; Flourensia cernua; Larrea tridentata; litter; nordihydroguaiaretic acid; shrubs; total phenolics ID CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; LIGNIN CONTROL; DECOMPOSITION; NITROGEN; ECOSYSTEM; MICROARTHROPODS; DYNAMICS; SORGHUM; SURFACE; CLIMATE AB We examined loss of organic matter (OM) and phenolics from leaf litter of two shrubs that are invasive in the Chihuahuan Desert. Fiberglass bags (1-mm mesh) containing creosotebush [Larrea tridentata (Sess. & Moc. ex DC.) Cov.] or tarbush (Flourensia cernua DC.) leaf litter were placed below shrubs in two positions (soil surface and 5 cm below-ground) and removed at several intervals up to 90 days during winter (creosotebush and tarbush) and spring (creosotebush). Over the 90-day sampling interval, OM loss from creosotebush and tarbush during the winter sampling period was low for both surface and buried litter, ranging from 1.7% to 5.2%. Losses of OM from creosotebush litter during the spring were much greater (75.1% and 33.5% for buried and surface samples, respectively). Total phenolic losses after 90 days were 1.6%, 4.8%, 21.6% 13.5%, 87.1%, and 43.5% for winter buried creosotebush, winter surface creosotebush, winter buried tarbush, winter surface tarbush, spring buried creosotebush, and spring surface creosotebush litter, respectively, while losses of condensed tannins for the same samples were 45.8%, 56.1%, -34.0%, -41.8%, 91.1%, and 67.4%. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid loss from creosotebush litter was 25.4%, 18.3%, 95.2%, and 66.7% for winter buried, winter surface, spring buried, and spring surface samples, respectively, over the 90-day interval. Losses of OM and phenolics were generally greater in buried vs. surface and spring vs. winter samples, and losses typically occurred during the last 30-45 days. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Univ Stat Ctr, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Estell, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, POB 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM restell@nmsu.edu NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 2005 VL 61 IS 1 BP 79 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.08.001 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 892KH UT WOS:000226648900006 ER PT J AU Cibils, AF Swift, DM Hart, RH Trlica, MJ Thorne, MS AF Cibils, AF Swift, DM Hart, RH Trlica, MJ Thorne, MS TI Gender-specific responses to winter defoliation of greenhouse-grown Atriplex canescens clones under contrasting soil moisture regimes SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE fourwing saltbush; photosynthesis; herbivory; environmental stress ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; SEX-BIASED HERBIVORY; FOURWING SALTBUSH; RUMEX-ACETOSELLA; ACER-NEGUNDO; CATTLE; ENVIRONMENT; EXPRESSION; STRESS; SHRUBS AB A greenhouse experiment with female, male and monecious clones (36 of each, 108 total) of tetraploid Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. (fourwing saltbush) was conducted to determine gender-specific responses to simulated herbivory under contrasting conditions of soil moisture. We imposed three levels of winter defoliation (control, 40%, and 70% stem removal) and two soil moisture treatments (control and water stress). Gender-related responses to defoliation were context-specific. Defoliated female clones produced significantly less shoot biomass than male or monecious clones when soil moisture conditions were not limiting. All genders produced similar amounts of shoot biomass under conditions of soil moisture stress. Root biomass responses exhibited the opposite trend. With adequate soil moisture all defoliated clones produced similar amounts of root biomass, but water-stressed defoliated females usually produced less root biomass than their male and monecious counterparts. Leaf gas-exchange measurements indicated that females were less efficient than males in the use of water. Monecious clones outperformed both females and males when conditions of stress were greatest. Defoliated female shrubs may be at a competitive disadvantage regardless of the C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RP Cibils, AF (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM acibils@nmsu.edu NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 2005 VL 61 IS 2 BP 211 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.09.005 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 898YC UT WOS:000227111100004 ER PT J AU Paustian, ML Kapur, V Bannantine, JP AF Paustian, ML Kapur, V Bannantine, JP TI Comparative genomic hybridizations reveal genetic regions within the Mycobacterium avium complex that are divergent from Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis isolates SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WOOD-PIGEON MYCOBACTERIA; DNA-DNA HYBRIDIZATION; DEPENDENT MYCOBACTERIA; JOHNES-DISEASE; TUBERCULOSIS; SEQUENCES; SILVATICUM; DIVERSITY; DIAGNOSIS; FRAGMENT AB Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is genetically similar to other members of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), some of which are nonpathogenic and widespread in the environment. We have utilized an M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis whole-genome microarray representing over 95% of the predicted coding sequences to examine the genetic conservation among 10 M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates, two isolates each of Mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum and Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium, and a single isolate each of both Mycobacterium intracellulare and Mycobacterium smegmatis. Genomic DNA from each isolate was competitively hybridized with DNA from M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis K10, and open reading frames (ORFs) were classified as present, divergent, or intermediate. None of the M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates had ORFs classified as divergent. The two M. avium subsp. avium isolates had 210 and 135 divergent ORFs, while the two M. avium subsp. silvaticum isolates examined had 77 and 103 divergent ORFs. Similarly, 130 divergent ORFs were identified in M. intracellulare. A set of 97 ORFs were classified as divergent or intermediate in all of the nonparatuberculosis MAC isolates tested. Many of these ORFs are clustered together on the genome in regions with relatively low average GC content compared with the entire genome and contain mobile genetic elements. One of these regions of sequence divergence contained genes homologous to a mammalian cell entry (mce) operon. Our results indicate that closely related MAC mycobacteria can be distinguished from M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis by multiple clusters of divergent ORFs. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Minnesota, Biomed Genom Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Paustian, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 N Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM mpaustia@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Kapur, Vivek/F-7610-2013; OI Kapur, Vivek/0000-0002-9648-0138; Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 31 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 187 IS 7 BP 2406 EP 2415 DI 10.1128/JB.187.7.2406-2415.2005 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 907VJ UT WOS:000227745800022 PM 15774884 ER PT J AU Halling, SM Peterson-Burch, BD Bricker, BJ Zuerner, RL Qing, Z Li, LL Kapur, V Alt, DP Olsen, SC AF Halling, SM Peterson-Burch, BD Bricker, BJ Zuerner, RL Qing, Z Li, LL Kapur, V Alt, DP Olsen, SC TI Completion of the genome sequence of Brucella abortus and comparison to the highly similar genomes of Brucella melitensis and Brucella suis SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACIDS; INSERTION-SEQUENCE; DNA POLYMORPHISM; MARINE MAMMALS; GENUS BRUCELLA; PCR ASSAY; PROTEOBACTERIA; IDENTIFICATION; STRAINS AB Brucellosis is a worldwide disease of humans and livestock that is caused by a number of very closely related classical Brucella species in the alpha-2 subdivision of the Proteobacteria. We report the complete genome sequence of Brucella abortus field isolate 9-941 and compare it to those of Brucella suis 1330 and Brucella melitensis 16 M. The genomes of these Brucella species are strikingly similar, with nearly identical genetic content and gene organization. However, a number of insertion-deletion events and several polymorphic regions encoding putative outer membrane proteins were identified among the genomes. Several fragments previously identified as unique to either B. suis or B. melitensis were present in the B. abortus genome. Even though several fragments were shared between only B. abortus and B. suis, B. abortus shared more fragments and had fewer nucleotide polymorphisms with B. melitensis than B. suis. The complete genomic sequence of B. abortus provides an important resource for further investigations into determinants of the pathogenicity and virulence phenotypes of these bacteria. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Microbiol, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Biomed Genom Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Halling, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM shalling@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Kapur, Vivek/F-7610-2013; OI Kapur, Vivek/0000-0002-9648-0138 NR 42 TC 182 Z9 698 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 187 IS 8 BP 2715 EP 2726 DI 10.1128/JB.187.8.2715-2726.2005 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 914DH UT WOS:000228204700018 PM 15805518 ER PT J AU Harcourt, AH Coppeto, SA Parks, SA AF Harcourt, AH Coppeto, SA Parks, SA TI The distribution-abundance (density) relationship: its form and causes in a tropical mammal order, Primates SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE body mass; geographical range size; macroecology; primates; range-density relationship; rarity; specialization; tropics ID NEOTROPICAL FOREST MAMMALS; SPECIES RANGE SIZE; SEASONAL-VARIATION; DIETARY-RESPONSE; AFRICAN PRIMATES; FRUIT ABUNDANCE; LIFE-HISTORY; BODY-SIZE; RARITY; EXTINCTION AB Aim Across a wide variety of organisms, taxa with high local densities (abundance) have large geographical ranges (distributions). We use primatology's detailed knowledge of its taxon to investigate the form and causes of the relationship in, unusually for macroecological analysis, a tropical taxon. Location Africa, Central and South America, Asia, Madagascar. Methods To investigate the form of the density-range relationship, we regressed local density on geographical range size, and also on female body mass, because in the Primates, density correlates strongly with mass. To investigate the biological causes of the relationship, we related (1) abundance (density x range size) and (2) residuals from the density-range regression lines to various measures of (i) resource use, (ii) reproductive rate and (iii) potential specialization. All data are from the literature. Analyses were done at the level of species (n = 140), genera (n = 60) and families/subfamilies (n = 17). We present various levels of results, including for all data, after omission of outlier data, after correction for phylogenetic dependence, and after Bonferroni correction of probabilities for multiple comparisons. Results Regarding the form of the relationship, Madagascar primates are clear outliers (high densities in small ranges). Among the remaining three realms, the relation of density to range is weak or non-existent at the level of species and genera. However, it is strong, tight and linear at the level of families/subfamilies (r(2) = 0.6, F-1,F-10 = 19, P < 0.01). Although among primates, density is very significantly related to mass, at no taxonomic level is range size related to body mass. Consequently, removing the effects of mass makes little to no difference to density-range results. Regarding the biology of the relationship, only traits indicative of specialization are associated with abundance (meaning numbers): rare taxa are more specialized than are abundant taxa. The association is largely via range size, not density. Across families, no traits correlate significantly with the density-range relationship, nor with deviations from it, despite the strength of the relationship at this taxonomic level. Main conclusions We suggest that in macroecology, analysis at taxonomic levels deeper than that of the relatively ephemeral species can be appropriate. We argue that the several purely methodological explanations for the positive density-range size relationship in primates can be rejected. Of the various biological hypotheses, those having to do with specialization-generalization seem the only applicable ones. The fact that the relationship is entirely via range size, not via density, means that while we might have a biology of range size, we do not yet have one of the density-geographical range relationship. It is probably time to search for multivariate explanations, rather than univariate ones. However, we can for the first time, for at least primates, suggest that any association of abundance or range size with specialization is via the number of different subtaxa, not the average degree of specialization of each subtaxon. The implication for conservation is obvious. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anthropol, Grad Grp Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Grad Grp Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Geog, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA Forest Serv, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Harcourt, AH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anthropol, Grad Grp Ecol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ahharcourt@ucdavis.edu NR 87 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD APR PY 2005 VL 32 IS 4 BP 565 EP 579 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01214.x PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 911PX UT WOS:000228017800002 ER PT J AU Chen, JS Chen, YL Greenberg, AS Chen, YJ Wang, SM AF Chen, JS Chen, YL Greenberg, AS Chen, YJ Wang, SM TI Magnolol stimulates lipolysis in lipid-laden RAW 264.7 macrophages SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE magnonol; macrophages; lipolysis; ADRP; signaling pathway ID HORMONE-SENSITIVE LIPASE; DIFFERENTIATION-RELATED PROTEIN; CHOLESTEROL-FED RABBITS; STEROL ESTER; FOAM CELLS; LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE; MESSENGER-RNA; EXPRESSION; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROBLASTS AB This study investigated the effect of magnolol, a compound isolated from Magnolia officinalis, on lipolysis in lipid-laden RAW 264.7 macrophages. Treatment of macrophages with magnolol led to dissolution of lipid droplets. This phenomenon was accompanied by a dose-dependent release of glycerol and cholesterol and a concomitant reduction in intracellular levels of glycerol and cholesterol. Furthermore, adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP), a lipid droplet-associated protein, was down-regulated by magnolol in a close- and time-dependent manner by Western blot analysis. Immunofluorescence studies also showed that ADRP became detached from the surface of lipid droplets after magnolol treatment. The lipolytic effect of magnolol was not mediated through the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) system, an authentic lipolytic pathway for macrophages, since magnolol did not induce an increase of intracellular cAMP levels, and pretreatment with either of PKA inhibitors, PKI and KT5720, did not abrogate the lipolytic response to magnolol. We conclude that magnolol induce-lipolysis of lipid-laden macrophages by down-regulation of ADRP expression and detachment of ADRP from the lipid droplet surface by a cAMP-independent mechanism. Lipolysis of lipid-laden macrophages may occur when the amount of ADRP on the surface of lipid droplets is not enough to stabilize the lipid droplets. (c) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Taipei 100, Taiwan. Taipei Med Univ, Dept Anat, Taipei, Taiwan. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wang, SM (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, 1-1 Jen Ai Rd, Taipei 100, Taiwan. EM smwang@ha.mc.ntu.edu.tw OI Chen, Yuh-Lien/0000-0002-6498-4008 NR 34 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 5 BP 1028 EP 1037 DI 10.1002/jcb.20361 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 908SW UT WOS:000227811500015 PM 15597343 ER PT J AU Gries, R Khaskin, G Gotoh, T Schaefer, PW Gries, G AF Gries, R Khaskin, G Gotoh, T Schaefer, PW Gries, G TI (7Z,9E)-2-methyl-7,9-octadecadiene: A sex pheromone component of Lymantria bantaizana SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lymantria bantaizana; Lymantria dispar; Lymantria monacha; Lymantria fumida; Lymantria mathura; Lymantria xylina; (7Z,9E)-2-methyl7,9-octadecadiene; sex pheromone ID GYPSY-MOTH; NUN MOTH; IDENTIFICATION; COMMUNICATION; LEPIDOPTERA; DISPARLURE; MONACHA AB Our objective was to identify the sex pheromone of Lymantria bantaizana (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) whose larvae feed exclusively on walnut, Juglans spp., in China, and Japan. Coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses of pheromone gland extracts revealed a single EAD-active component. Retention index calculations of this compound on four GC columns suggested that it was a methyl-branched octadecadiene with conjugated double bonds. In GC-EAD analyses of 2-methyloctadecenes, (Z)-2-methyl-7-octadecene and (E)-2methyl-7-octadecene elicited the strongest antennal responses, suggesting that the double bond positions were at C7 and C9. In comparative GC-EAD analyses of pheromone gland extract and stereoselectively synthesized isomers (E, E; E,Z; Z,E; Z,Z) of 2-methyl-7,9-octadecadiene, the (E,Z)- and (Z,E)-isomer had retention times identical to that of the candidate pheromone, but only the latter isomer elicited strong EAD activity. Results of field experiments in Japan substantiated that (7Z,9E)-2-methyl-7,9-octadecadiene is the L. bantaizana sex pheromone, a compound previously unknown in the Lepidoptera. Detection surveys in North America for exotic Eurasian forest defoliators could include traps baited with the L. bantaizana pheromone. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Tohoku Res Ctr, Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Morioka, Iwate 0200123, Japan. USDA, ARS, Beneficial Insects Introduct Res Lab, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Gries, G (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM gries@sfu.ca NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 31 IS 4 BP 879 EP 891 DI 10.1007/s10886-005-3550-z PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 944WC UT WOS:000230460600013 PM 16124257 ER PT J AU Thibout, E Arnault, I Auger, J Petersen, KS Oliver, JE AF Thibout, E Arnault, I Auger, J Petersen, KS Oliver, JE TI Characterization of a behaviorally active, gender-specific volatile compound from the male asparagus fly Plioreocepta poeciloptera SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plioreocepta poeciloptera; asparagus fly; male-produced volatile isopropyl (S)-5-hydroxyhexanoate ID PLATYPAREA-POECILOPTERA; AGROTIS-IPSILON; BLACK CUTWORM; FRUIT-FLIES; PHEROMONE; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; ECOLOGY; TIME; ACID AB Adult male asparagus flies exhibit typical calling behaviors (suggestive of pheromone production) during which they emit a single volatile compound that was identified as isopropyl (S)-5-hydroxyhexanoate. In laboratory bioassays, synthetic samples elicited an arrestant response in females, but did not appear to attract females. On the other hand, the synthetic material attracted conspecific males in olfactometer bioassays. C1 Fac Sci, CNRS, UMR 6035, IRBI, F-37200 Tours, France. USDA, ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Thibout, E (reprint author), Fac Sci, CNRS, UMR 6035, IRBI, Parc Grandmont, F-37200 Tours, France. EM eric.thibout@univ-tours.fr; oliverj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 31 IS 4 BP 893 EP 909 DI 10.1007/s10886-005-3551-y PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 944WC UT WOS:000230460600014 PM 16124258 ER PT J AU Jumean, Z Gries, R Unruh, T Rowland, E Gries, G AF Jumean, Z Gries, R Unruh, T Rowland, E Gries, G TI Identification of the larval aggregation pheromone of codling moth, Cydia pomonella SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Codling moth; larvae; Cydia pomonella; Mastrus ridibundus; aggregation pheromone; heptanal; octanal; nonanal; decanal; (E)-2-octenal; (E)-2-nonenal; sulcatone; geranylacetone; (+)-limonene; myrcene; 3-carene AB Mature larvae of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae), exit the fruit and seek sites suitable for pupation. Spinning cocoons in such sites, larvae produce a complex, cocoon-derived blend of volatiles recently shown to attract and/or arrest both conspecific larvae and the prepupal parasitoid Mastrus ridibundus Gravenhorst (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Here we report components of this blend that constitute the pheromone of fifth-instar C pomonella larvae. Thirty-one two-choice olfactometer experiments showed that a blend of synthetic (E)-2octenal, (E)-2-nonenal, sulcatone, and geranylacetone, in combination with either 3-carene and/or three saturated aldehydes (octanal, nonanal, decanal), elicited behavioral responses from C. pomonella larvae. In on-tree experiments with corrugated cardboard bands as pupation sites for larvae affixed to tree trunks, and with laboratory-reared larvae released onto such trees, more larvae cocooned in those halves of cardboard bands baited with cocoonspinning conspecific larvae, or with synthetic pheromone components, than in unbaited control halves of the bands. With the larval aggregation pheromone identified in this study, there might be an opportunity to manipulate C. pomonella larvae in commercial fruit or nut orchards. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. USDA, ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Gries, G (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM gries@sfu.ca RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 11 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 31 IS 4 BP 911 EP 924 DI 10.1007/s10886-005-3552-x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 944WC UT WOS:000230460600015 PM 16124259 ER PT J AU Perez-Martinez, P Perez-Jimenez, F Bellido, C Ordovas, JM Moreno, JA Marin, C Gomez, P Delgado-Lista, J Fuentes, F Lopez-Miranda, J AF Perez-Martinez, P Perez-Jimenez, F Bellido, C Ordovas, JM Moreno, JA Marin, C Gomez, P Delgado-Lista, J Fuentes, F Lopez-Miranda, J TI A polymorphism exon 1 variant at the locus of the scavenger receptor class B type I (SCARB1) gene is associated with differences in insulin sensitivity in healthy people during the consumption of an olive oil-rich diet SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; SR-BI; FATTY-ACIDS; PLASMA; GLUCOSE; SERUM; METABOLISM; RESISTANCE AB Scavenger receptor class B type I (SCARB1) was described as the first high-density lipoprotein receptor. Increasing evidence indicates that SCARB1 plays additional roles particularly in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our aim was to determine whether the presence of an exon 1 (G -> A) polymorphism at the SCARB1 gene modifies the insulin sensitivity to dietary fat. Methods: We studied 59 healthy volunteers ( 30 men and 29 women, 42 G/G homozygous and 17 G/A heterozygous). Subjects consumed three diets for 4 wk each: a saturated fatty acid (SFA)-rich diet (38% fat, 20% SFA), followed by a carbohydrate (CHO)-rich diet (30% fat, 55% CHO) or a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-rich diet ( 38% fat, 22% MUFA) after a randomized crossover design. For each diet, we investigated peripheral insulin sensitivity with the insulin suppression test. Results: Steady-state plasma glucose after the MUFA diet was lower in G/A compared with G/G subjects (P = 0.030). This effect was not observed after CHO and SFA diets (P = 0.177 and 0.957, respectively). Plasma nonesterified free fatty acid values were lower in subjects carrying the A allele for all the diet periods. Conclusions: Our findings show that carriers of the G/A genotype have significant increases in insulin sensitivity after a MUFA-rich diet compared with G/G individuals. C1 Hoisp Univ Reina Sofia, Unidad Lipidos & Arteriosclerosis, Cordoba 14004, Spain. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lopez-Miranda, J (reprint author), Hoisp Univ Reina Sofia, Unidad Lipidos & Arteriosclerosis, Ave Menendez Pidal, Cordoba 14004, Spain. EM jlopezmir@uco.es OI Perez-Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-7499-7681; Perez Martinez, Pablo/0000-0001-7716-8117; Perez Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-9808-1280; FUENTES JIMENEZ, FRANCISCO/0000-0002-4584-7366; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 29 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD APR PY 2005 VL 90 IS 4 BP 2297 EP 2300 DI 10.1210/jc.2004-1489 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 914BG UT WOS:000228198900060 PM 15671101 ER PT J AU Rivera, JD Bachman, SE Hubbert, ME Branine, ME Horst, RL Williams, SN Galyean, ML AF Rivera, JD Bachman, SE Hubbert, ME Branine, ME Horst, RL Williams, SN Galyean, ML TI Short communication: Serum and tissue concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in beef heifers after buccal dosing of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; calcium; vitamin D ID DAIRY-COWS; SUPPLEMENTAL VITAMIN-D-3; BIOLOGICAL TYPE; TENDERNESS; STEERS; 1-ALPHA-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D3; SYSTEM AB Sixteen crossbred (British x Continental; average unshrunk body weight = 507.9 kg; SD = 45.6 kg) beef heifers fed a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet with melengestrol acetate (0.4 mg/heifer daily) included to suppress estrus were used in a completely random design to evaluate the efficacy of buccal administration of 0, 10, 100, or 1000 mg of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3, (25-OH D-3). Serum Ca, P, Mg, 25-OH D-3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)(2) D-3], albumin, and protein were measured 24 h before dosing (-24 h), at dosing (0 h), and 6 and 24 h after dosing, after which the cattle were slaughtered at a commercial facility. Samples of kidneys, liver, longissimus lumborum, and triceps brachii were collected and evaluated for concentrations of 1,25-(OH)(2) D-3. With -24 and 0 h as baseline covariates, a significant time x treatment interaction was observed for serum 25-OH D-3 and Ca concentrations, but not for serum 1,25-(OH)(2) D-3. Supplemental 25-OH D-3 doses of 100 and 1000 mg significantly increased (s)erum 25-OH D-3 at 24 h after dosing, 1,25-(OH)(2) D-3 at 6 and 24 h after dosing, and serum Ca at 24 h after dosing. Similarly, buccal dosing of 1000 mg of supplemental 25- OH D-3 significantly increased (approximately 2- to 3-fold) concentrations of 1,25-(OH)(2) D-3 in the kidney, liver, and longissimus lumborum relative to the other 3 treatments but not in triceps brachii. Serum albumin, protein, P, and Mg were not affected by treatment. Based on these results, buccal administration of 100 and 1000 mg 25- OH D-3 increased vitamin D-3 metabolites in serum and tissues, and it should be an effective method of delivering the vitamin. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Ganado Res LLC, Amarillo, TX 79109 USA. Cactus Res Ltd, Cactus, TX 79013 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. DSM Nutr Prod Inc, Parsippany, NJ 07054 USA. RP Galyean, ML (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Box 42141, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM michael.galyean@ttu.edu NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 88 IS 4 BP 1364 EP 1369 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 908AY UT WOS:000227760700010 PM 15778304 ER PT J AU Kuhn, MT Hutchison, JL AF Kuhn, MT Hutchison, JL TI Methodology for estimation of days dry effects SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE days dry; methodology; simulation ID PERIODS; YIELD; COWS AB The primary objective of this research was to determine if, with appropriate methodology, unbiased estimates of days dry (DD) effects on subsequent lactation milk yield can be obtained from field data, particularly when DD is correlated with cow effects. Another objective was to ascertain relevant sampling properties of designed trials for estimation of DD effects. Simulated records were used to assess methodology. Along with a model with no adjustments for cow effects, alternative models including 1) previous lactation milk yield, 2) a prior adjustment for cow effects estimated from an animal model, and 3) a combination of 1 and 2, were tested. Estimates from the unadjusted model were biased downward; however, the 3 alternative analyses provided estimates of DD effects that were essentially unbiased, with a prior adjustment for cow effects and previous milk yield in the model providing the best results in terms of elimination of bias. Therefore, DD effects can be estimated from field data without bias from cow effects. A designed trial with 2 groups and 10 or fewer cows/group is noninformative and has an unacceptably high probability of leading to invalid conclusions. A minimum of 30 cows/group is considerably better and should be used whenever possible. Even with 30 cows/group, however, the power is low unless the difference between DD groups for yield is at least 1130 kg. Prior correction of 305-d, mature equivalent records for cow effects, using predicted producing abilities, could be done in designed trials to improve the statistical power of tests and accuracy of estimates. C1 ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kuhn, MT (reprint author), ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mkuhn@aipl.arsusda.gov NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 88 IS 4 BP 1499 EP 1508 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 908AY UT WOS:000227760700025 PM 15778319 ER PT J AU Cole, JB Goodling, RC Wiggans, GR VanRaden, PM AF Cole, JB Goodling, RC Wiggans, GR VanRaden, PM TI Genetic evaluation of calving ease for Brown Swiss and Jersey bulls from purebred and crossbred calvings SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calving ease; crossbred; genetic evaluation; purebred ID CATEGORICAL-DATA; THRESHOLD-MODEL; UNITED-STATES; DAIRY-CATTLE AB The objective of this study was to examine the feasibility of implementing routine national calving ease (CE) genetic evaluations of Brown Swiss (BS) and Jersey (JE) sires that include records of crossbred calvings. Records were available for 11,793 BS calvings, 3431 BS-sired crosses, 65,293 JE calvings, and 7090 JE-sired crosses. Evaluations were performed for each breed using only purebred calvings and using both purebred and crossbred calvings. In the latter evaluations, the sire-maternal grandsire model used for the routine evaluation of Holstein (HO) CE was modified to include a fixed breed composition effect to account for differences between purebred and crossbred calvings. Jersey cows had very little calving difficulty (0.5 to 0.7%) and JE bulls had a very small range of evaluations, suggesting that a routine JE evaluation would be of little value. Results from the BS evaluations suggest a routine evaluation would provide BS breeders with a useful tool for genetic improvement. Further examination of data showed that many BS calvings were in mixed herds with HO calvings. As a result, a joint evaluation for BS and HO bulls was developed. The BS data showed that there is similar genetic variability as found in the HO population, which suggests implementation of a routine evaluation including BS CE would be of value. It appears BS bulls may produce daughters with superior maternal calving ability compared with HO. Validation of the joint evaluation was performed by comparing results with the routine HO evaluation. Holstein solutions from the joint evaluation were comparable to results from the routine HO-only evaluation. Correlations among solutions and evaluations showed HO evaluations were not adversely affected by BS data and BS sires were reranked as compared with the BS-only evaluation. C1 ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cole, JB (reprint author), ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jcole@aipl.arsusda.gov RI Cole, John/J-8571-2014 OI Cole, John/0000-0003-1242-4401 NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 88 IS 4 BP 1529 EP 1539 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 908AY UT WOS:000227760700029 PM 15778323 ER PT J AU Selgrade, JF Roberds, JH AF Selgrade, JF Roberds, JH TI Results on asymptotic behaviour for discrete, two-patch metapopulations with density-dependent selection SO JOURNAL OF DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE metapopulation; equilibrium; attractor; discrete population model ID COMPETITIVE MODEL; GENETIC-VARIATION; DYNAMICS AB A 4-dimensional system of nonlinear difference equations tracking allele frequencies and population sizes for a two-patch metapopulation model is studied. This system describes intergenerational changes brought about by density-dependent selection within patches and moderated by the effects of migration between patches. To determine conditions which result in similar behaviour at the level of local populations, we introduce the concept of symmetric equilibrium and relate it to properties of allelic and genotypic fitness. We present examples of metapopulation stability, instability and bistability, as well as an example showing that differentially greater migration into a stable patch results in metapopulation stability. Finally, we illustrate a Naimark-Sacker bifurcation giving a globally asymptotically stable invariant curve for the 4-dimensional model. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. RP Roberds, JH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Box 8205, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jroberds@fs.fed.us NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1023-6198 J9 J DIFFER EQU APPL JI J. Differ. Equ. Appl. PD APR PY 2005 VL 11 IS 4-5 BP 459 EP 476 DI 10.1080/10236190412331335508 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 947AW UT WOS:000230615500015 ER PT J AU Crosslin, JM Munyaneza, JE Jensen, A Hamm, PB AF Crosslin, JM Munyaneza, JE Jensen, A Hamm, PB TI Association of beet Leafhopper (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae) with a clover proliferation group phytoplasma in Columbia basin of Washington and Oregon SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Circulifer tenellus; PCR; potato purple top; insect; vector; aster yellows ID TRANSMITTED VIRESCENCE AGENT; WITCHES-BROOM PHYTOPLASMA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; MONITORING PHYTOPLASMA; PROTEIN GENE; DNA PROBES; DISEASE; IDENTIFICATION AB At least 16 taxa of cicadellids and delphacids were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of a phytoplasma in the clover proliferation group, designated 16SrVI. Nucleic acid extracts from individual insects or groups of 5-10 were tested using PCR primers designed from the DNA sequence of 16S-23S rRNA or ribosomal protein genes of the pathogen. The beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus (Baker), was most often associated with the pbytoplasma, with approximate to 16% of the insects testing positive. The pbytoplasma was occasionally found associated with Ceratagallia spp. Leafhopper species that were not associated with the phytoplasma included Macrosteles spp., Dikraneura spp., Colladonus montanus (Van Duzee), Circulifer geminatus (Van Duzee), Ballana spp., Amplysellus spp., Paraphlepsius spp., Texananus spp., Balclutha spp., Latalus spp., Erythroneura spp., Exitianus exitiosus (Uhler), and unidentified delphacids. The detected phytoplasma was similar to, or synonymous with, the beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence agent that is associated with the potato purple top disease in the Columbia Basin region of Washington and Oregon. This is in contrast to the phytoplasma associated with potato purple top disease in Mexico that is related to aster yellows (group 16SrI). The association of the group 16SrVI phytoplasma almost exclusively with the beet leafhopper suggests that this insect is the major vector of the phytoplasma in this region. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. Washington State Potato Commiss, Moses Lake, WA 98837 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. Hermiston Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. RP Crosslin, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 34 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 98 IS 2 BP 279 EP 283 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 914WP UT WOS:000228259000006 PM 15889714 ER PT J AU Hollingsworth, RG Armstrong, JW AF Hollingsworth, RG Armstrong, JW TI Potential of temperature, controlled atmospheres, and ozone fumigation to control thrips and mealybugs on ornamental plants for export SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ozone; mealybugs; thrips; quarantine treatments; fumigation ID TRANSITELLA WALKER LEPIDOPTERA; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM HERBST; LOW-OXYGEN ATMOSPHERES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NAVEL ORANGEWORM; MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; MORTALITY; PYRALIDAE; COMMODITIES; TORTRICIDAE AB Ozone (O-3) fumigation is a potential quarantine treatment alternative for controlling stored-product pests and surface insect pests on fresh agricultural commodities. We explored the effects of temperature, treatment time, controlled atmospheres, and vacuum in combination with O-3 to control two important pests of ornamental crops: western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), and longtailed mealybug, Pseudococcus longispinus Targioni Tozzetti. Treatment parameters tested were O-3 concentrations from 0 to 3,800 ppm, treatment durations were from 30 to 120 min, vacuums were from 0 to 0.41 bar below ambient, temperatures were from 32.2 to 40.6 degrees C, and controlled atmospheres were composed primarily of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or breathing air [BA]. Treatment efficacy was enhanced by higher O-3 concentration and temperature, lower oxygen, and longer treatment times. Reduced pressure was not an important factor. Mealybugs were more difficult to kill than thrips. A 30-min treatment of O-3 at approximate to 200 ppm in 100% CO2 at 37.8 degrees C killed 47.9 and 98.0% of mealybugs and adult female thrips, respectively. All of the ornamentals tested were damaged to some degree by O-3 treatments. However, crops with thick leaves such as orchids exhibited little damage, and the waxy portions of certain flowers were not damaged. The results suggest that O-3 has potential as a quarantine treatment to control thrips and mealybugs on selected commodities. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Hollingsworth, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 98 IS 2 BP 289 EP 298 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 914WP UT WOS:000228259000008 PM 15889716 ER PT J AU Barcenas, NM Unruh, TB Neven, LG AF Barcenas, NM Unruh, TB Neven, LG TI DNA diagnostics to identify internal feeders (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) of pome fruits of quarantine importance SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE quantitative PCR; quarantine pests; rnitocbondrial COI; pome fruit ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; DIPTERA; IDENTIFICATION; PHYLOGENY; CULICIDAE; SEQUENCES; PRIMER AB A diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method is presented for differentiating among the North American internal apple-feeding pests codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.); oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busek); lesser appleworm, Grapholita prunicora (Walsh); and cherry fruitworm, Grapholita packardi Zeller. An approximate to 470-bp fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) was sequenced in three to six specimens of each species. Consistent and diagnostic differences were observed among the species in two regions of COI from which forward and reverse primers were designed to amplify a 112-116-bp segment of the gene. The primer sets were used to selectively amplify DNA from specimens of diverse geographic origin for each corresponding target species. Protocols were adapted for conventional and quantitative PCR, the latter being substantially faster. The method was validated as a decision-making tool for quarantine identifications for Mexico by representatives of their phytosanitary agency (Sanidad Vegetal). The method can facilitate identification of intercepted internal feeding Lepidoptera in apple and pear for many other importing nations. C1 Colegio Postgrad Ciencias Agr, Montecillo 56230, Edo Mex, Mexico. Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Barcenas, NM (reprint author), Colegio Postgrad Ciencias Agr, Montecillo 56230, Edo Mex, Mexico. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 98 IS 2 BP 299 EP 306 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 914WP UT WOS:000228259000009 PM 15889717 ER PT J AU Arbogast, RT Chini, SR McGovern, JE AF Arbogast, RT Chini, SR McGovern, JE TI Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae): Spatial relationship between trap catch and distance from a source of emerging adults SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE monitoring; trapping; spatial analysis; stored-product insects; Indianmeal moth ID STORED-PRODUCT; PESTS AB The Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), was selected as a representative stored-product moth to test the validity of contour mapping of trap catch for pest monitoring in warehouses and retail stores. Three experiments, each replicated five times, were conducted in a 3.2 by 9.0-m aluminum shed. Each experiment involved placing pupae at a single release point (source) and recording the numbers of emerging adult males captured after 24, 48, and 72 h in each of four pheromone-baited sticky traps. The experiments differed only with respect to the point of release. Distribution of trap catch reflected the general distribution of moths in the shed; and consecutive contour maps tracked their dispersal from the source. As emergence and dispersal progressed, cumulative trap catch increased throughout the shed, but it remained highest near the source. The observed spatial patterns of trap catch relative to sources of infestation and the inverse relationship of trap catch to distance from a source support the validity of contour mapping as a means of monitoring stored-product moths and locating foci of infestation. The relationship between trap catch and distance from a source of infestation was well described by two-parameter exponential decay, both in P. interpunctella and in the previously studied Lasiodema serricorne (F.). Analysis of data from retail pet stores also showed exponential decline in trap catch of P. interpunctella with distance from centers of infestation. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Arbogast, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 98 IS 2 BP 326 EP 333 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 914WP UT WOS:000228259000012 PM 15889720 ER PT J AU Showler, AT Salgado, E Fraser, I Robacker, DC AF Showler, AT Salgado, E Fraser, I Robacker, DC TI Effect of aging on pheromone emission from a commercial beet armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) lure and trap efficiency SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beet armyworm; Spodoptera exigua; pheromone; aging ID POTATO WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA HUBNER; SOUTHERN UNITED-STATES; MONITORING-SYSTEM; SEX-PHEROMONE; BOLL-WEEVIL; FIELD-EVALUATION; AGE; CURCULIONIDAE; GRANDLURE AB The effect of aging on a commercial pheromone-based lure for attractiveness to male adult beet armyworms, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), was assessed in terms of trapping efficiency and volatile emissions of two key components: (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate and (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol. In field assays conducted in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, for 9 wk (June-August 2000) and for 8 wk (March-May) in Tamaulipas, Mexico, 0-1-wk-old lures collected greater than four-fold more male beet armyworm adults than lures that had been aged for 3-4 wk. Using solid phase microextraction and gas chromatographic analysis of the volatiles, mean (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate emission declined by 32% after 5 wk of aging in a ventilated environmental chamber at 29.4 degrees C, 35% RH, to simulate subtropical summers. Mean (Z) -9-tetradecen-1-ol emission was reduced by 62% after 4 wk of aging. Under the tropical and subtropical conditions of this study, the capacity of the lure to attract moths into the trap declined after aging for 3 wk. The blend ratio (Z,E) -9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate: (Z) -9-tetradecen-1-ol declined 29% when the lure was aged for 5 wk. This study will assist in the development of a standard trapping system for assessing adult beet armyworm populations in the tropical and subtropical conditions to which the species is endemic. C1 USDA ARS, APMRU, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. INIFAP, Tamaulipas, Mexico. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Brighton, MI 48116 USA. USDA, ARS, CQFIRU, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Showler, AT (reprint author), USDA ARS, APMRU, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 98 IS 2 BP 373 EP 377 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 914WP UT WOS:000228259000018 PM 15889726 ER PT J AU Cornelius, ML Lax, AR AF Cornelius, ML Lax, AR TI Effect of summon preferred food source on feeding, tunneling, and bait station discovery by the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coptotermes formosanus; aggregation; feeding stimulant; tunneling behavior; feeding behavior ID HYDROQUINONE; SHIRAKI; WOOD AB This study evaluated the effect of Summon Preferred Food Source on feeding, tunneling, and bait station discovery by the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Bioassays were conducted to determine whether Summon disks affected the aggregation and feeding behavior of termites and to determine whether the presence of Summon disks caused increased recruitment of termites to wood blocks. When termites encountered the disk, they immediately clustered on top of the disk. Termites were observed aggregating on top of the disk throughout the experiment. Consumption of Summon disks was significantly greater than consumption of cardboard disks in paired choice tests. The presence of a Summon disk on top of a wood block caused a significant increase in consumption of the wood block. Bioassays also were conducted to determine whether water extracts of Summon disks affected termite behavior. Consumption of filter paper disks treated with a water extract of Summon disks was significantly greater than consumption of control filter paper disks. Termites tunneled through sand treated with a water extract of Summon disks faster than they tunneled through untreated sand. In a field test, the rate of infestation of monitoring stations with a Summon disk was 3 times greater than the rate of infestations of stations without a disk. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cornelius, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 98 IS 2 BP 502 EP 508 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 914WP UT WOS:000228259000036 PM 15889744 ER PT J AU Li, AY Davey, RB George, JE AF Li, AY Davey, RB George, JE TI Carbaryl resistance in Mexican strains of the southern cattle tick (Acari : Ixodidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acaricide; carbaryl; resistance; cattle tick; Boophilus microplus ID BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS ACARI; IXODES-DAMMINI ACARI; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS; INHIBITION; COUMAPHOS; EFFICACY; PATTERNS; BIOLOGY; AREA AB Susceptibility to carbaryl in six Mexican Strains of the southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini), was evaluated with the Food and Agricultural Organization larval packet test. Tick strains from the cattle fever tick quarantine zone in Texas were more susceptible to carbaryl than to coumaphos or diazinon. Compared with the susceptible reference (Gonzalez) strain, Mexican tick strains demonstrated 10.9-59.5-fold resistance to carbaryl. Significant cross-resistance was found between carbaryl and the organophosphate acaricides coumaphos and diazinon. Bioassay results with synergists suggested that metabolic detoxification mechanisms did not play a major role in carbaryl resistance. Resistance to carbaryl was likely conferred by insensitive acetylcholinesterase. The implications of carbaryl resistance in tick eradication and control also are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Li, AY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM andrew.li@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 98 IS 2 BP 552 EP 556 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 914WP UT WOS:000228259000040 PM 15889748 ER PT J AU Hesler, LS AF Hesler, LS TI Resistance to Rhopalosiphum padi (Homoptera : Aphididae) in three triticale accessions SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhopalosiphum padi; PI 386156; PI 611811; antibiosis; tolerance ID RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; CHERRY-OAT APHID; CEREAL APHIDS; WINTER-WHEAT; GREENBUG HOMOPTERA; SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM; GENETIC-RESOURCES; YIELD LOSSES; HOST-PLANT; BARLEY AB Experiments were conducted to identify and characterize host plant resistance to bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), in various wheat and wheat-grass hybrids. Initial tests screened for resistance to R. padi among 12 grass accessions (eight wheat [ Triticum aestivum L.], three triticale [XTriticosecale Wittmack], and 1XElytricum [Elytrigia elongata [Host] Nevski x Triticum aestivum hybrid]). R. padi bad less population growth on triticale accessions '8TA5L' (PI 611760) and 'Stniism 3' (PI 386156) than on other accessions, but nymphiposition by R. padi did not differ among the 12 accessions. Follow-up experiments were conducted to characterize antibiosis, antixenosis, and tolerance to R. padi in three wheat and three triticale accessions. In antibiosis experiments, Stniism 3 and triticale 'H7089-52' (PI 611811) prolonged time to reproduction by R. padi compared with that on wheat accessions 'Arapahoe' (PI 518591), 'KS92WGRC24' (PI 574479), and 'MV4' (PI 435095), whereas time to reproduction on 8TA5L was intermediate and did not differ from that on the other five accessions. Also, R. padi produced fewest progeny on Stniism 3, and fewer progeny on 8TA5L than on H7089-52, Arapahoe, KS92WGRC24, and MV4. Stniism 3 showed antixenosis, because fewer winged R. padi. selected Stniism 3 than Arapahoe, H7089-52, or MV4 it) choice tests. In tolerance experiments, a 300 aphid-day infestation of R. padi limited shoot length of Arapahoe and KS92WGRC24 plants. Shoot lengths did not differ between infested and noninfested seedlings of MV4, 8TA5L, H7089-52, and Stniism 3, indicating tolerance to R. padi in these accessions. Triticale accessions 8TA5L, H7089-52, and Stniism 3 and MV4 wheat may be meaningful sources of R. padi resistance for small-grain breeding programs, and Stniism 3 may be particularly valuable, given reports of its additional resistance to the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko). C1 USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Hesler, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM lhesler@ngirl.ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 98 IS 2 BP 603 EP 610 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 914WP UT WOS:000228259000046 PM 15889754 ER PT J AU Mahroof, R Subramanyam, B Flinn, P AF Mahroof, R Subramanyam, B Flinn, P TI Reproductive performance of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae) exposed to the minimum heat treatment temperature as pupae and adults SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methyl bromide alternative; beat treatment; Tribolium castaneum; reproductive impairment ID CONTROLLING MILL INSECTS; STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS; LIFE STAGES; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; SURVIVAL; STERILIZATION; MORTALITY; BEETLE AB Managing stored-product insect pests by heating the ambient air of a food-processing facility to high temperatures (50-60 degrees C), also referred to as heat treatment, is an effective technology that has been used since the early 1900s. The minimum temperature during heat treatment for effective disinfestation is 50 degrees C. The effect of sublethal exposures to 50 degrees C on the reproductive performance of stored-product insects associated with food-processing facilities is unknown. The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), is a pest commonly found in food-processing facilities worldwide. The adverse effects on fecundity, egg-to-adult survival, and progeny production of T. castaneum exposed as 1-d-old pupae and 2-wk-old adults to 50 degrees C for 60 and 39 min, respectively, were determined in the laboratory. Pupae and adults exposed for the same time periods at 28 degrees C served as the control treatment. Four possible reciprocal crosses were carried out among adults from the beat-treated (50 degrees C) and control (28 degrees C) treatments. The number of eggs produced during the first 2 wk of adult life, survival of these eggs to adulthood, and adult progeny production after 2 and 8 wk of oviposition in treatments representing all four reciprocal crosses were determined. Fecundity, egg-to-adult survival, and adult progeny production decreased by 17-63, 52-63, and 66-78%, respectively, when males, females, and both males and females were exposed to 50 degrees C. These effects were relatively more pronounced in treatments in which pupae were exposed to the high temperature compared to adults, and in exposed females than in males. The impaired reproductive performance in T. castaneum pupae and adults surviving sublethal exposures to the minimum beat treatment temperature is valuable for understanding population rebound following a beat treatment intervention. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Mahroof, R (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 NR 37 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 18 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 98 IS 2 BP 626 EP 633 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 914WP UT WOS:000228259000049 PM 15889757 ER PT J AU Lundgren, JG Duan, JJ Paradise, MS Wiedenmann, RN AF Lundgren, JG Duan, JJ Paradise, MS Wiedenmann, RN TI Rearing protocol and life history traits for Poecilus chalcites (Coleoptera : Carabidae) in the laboratory SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biological control; ground beetles; nutrition; predator; semi-artificial diet ID GROUND BEETLES COLEOPTERA; NO-TILL CORN; PTEROSTICHUS-CHALCITES; ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; AGROTIS-IPSILON; ARTIFICIAL DIET; NOCTUIDAE; CONSUMPTION; CROPLAND; PREDATOR AB A rearing protocol for the predaceous ground beetle, Poecilus chalcites (Say), is described. The effects of dietary constituents, substrate moisture content, and substrate type on larval developmental rates and size were examined in the laboratory. The protocol was successful in obtaining nearly 80% pupation rates, although adult size was smaller than field-collected beetles, and laboratory-produced adults did not lay eggs. We determined experimentally that some of the components of the meridic diet used for colony production could be removed without compromising larval size or developmental rates, but that nutrition beyond cat food was necessary to increase larval size. We found a positive correlation of larval size with increased moisture content using vermiculite substrate at three moisture levels (33.3, 50.0 and 66.7% by weight). Untreated Fer-Til (R) (GreenGro Products, Jackson, WI) soil resulted in the highest pupation rate (70 to 80%) and had one of the shortest developmental periods of the five soils tested. Steaming or sifting Fer-Til soil compromised its ability to support larval development until pupation. C1 USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Lundgren, JG (reprint author), Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Ecol Entomol, 607 E Peabody Dr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM jlundgren@ngirl.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 40 IS 2 BP 126 EP 135 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 938PQ UT WOS:000230015700003 ER PT J AU Villavaso, EJ AF Villavaso, EJ TI A non-sticky trap for tarnished plant bug (Heteroptera : Miridae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sticky trap; non-sticky trap; live trap; cotton insect; Miridae; Heteroptera ID LYGUS-HESPERUS KNIGHT; HEMIPTERA; LINEOLARIS; MALES; ATTRACTION; ADULTS AB A simple trap that does not require the use of sticky material to capture tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), is described. The 28 x 11 cm (diam) cylindrical trap was constructed by cutting and joining sections from two 2-L clear plastic soft drink bottles and gluing screened entrance cones from commercially-available boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) traps in each end. Five sticky trap designs were tested, and the sticky trap that captured the most plant bugs was compared to the non-sticky trap. With virgin females plus green bean pods (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as bait, the non-sticky traps captured only males, but females comprised 11% of the capture on the sticky traps. Females comprised 40% of the capture on sticky traps baited with green bean pods only. Opaque traps shaped like the clear traps were inferior to the clear traps. The non-sticky trap should facilitate testing of potential components of the pheromone of tarnished plant bug, and perhaps that of L. hesperus Knight. The combination of a synthetic plant bug pheromone and a non-sticky trap may lead to a practical method of monitoring or estimating populations. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Villavaso, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM EVillavaso@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 40 IS 2 BP 136 EP 142 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 938PQ UT WOS:000230015700004 ER PT J AU Armstrong, JS Camelo, LDA Thorvilson, HG Thompson, LD AF Armstrong, JS Camelo, LDA Thorvilson, HG Thompson, LD TI Comparison of Lygus elisus Van Duzee and Lygus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera : Miridae) feeding injury to pre-bloom cotton SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lygus hesperus; Lygus elisus; Hemiptera; Miridae; cotton; plant damage ID LINEOLARIS PALISOT; BEAUVOIS AB Feeding injury and abscission of 6(th), 9(th) and 11(th) node, first-position cotton squares exposed to Lygus hesperus Knight and L. elisus Van Duzee for 24 h were investigated in field and laboratory studies in 2001 and 2002. Square abscission was not significantly different for L. elisus or L. hesperus in six separate field trials over 2 yrs; however, the control was significantly lower in abscission in two of the six trials. Final square abscission averaged across the 2 yrs was 82.5% for the control, 90.0% for L. hesperus, and 86.3% for L. elisus. Square injury, as measured by estimating the surface area affected by Lygus feeding, was significantly higher for L. elisus compared with L. hesperus in three of the six of trials (6(th) node in 2002, 11(th) node for 2001 and 2002) indicating that, in some cases, L. elisus damage is higher than L. hesperus. However, when seed-cotton yield was obtained from squares that did not abcise, there was no significant difference for the control or the two Lygus species. This result was similar to other published studies of infesting cotton with L. lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) where yield compensation negated any differences in yield when infested cotton was compared to the control. Lygus elisus, a little known and often misidentified plant bug pest of Texas High Plains cotton, should be considered as damaging as L. hesperus. C1 USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Armstrong, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM jarmstrong@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 40 IS 2 BP 143 EP 148 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 938PQ UT WOS:000230015700005 ER PT J AU Brown, MW AF Brown, MW TI Host utilization and phenology of injury by plum curculio (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) in West Virginia SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE plum curculio; Conotrachelus nenuphar; host utilization; phenology; apple; peach ID APPLE ORCHARDS AB Host utilization by plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), among 8 species of tree fruit was tested under natural orchard conditions in eastern West Virginia. Cohorts of fruit on apricot, European plum, Japanese plum, peach, sweet cherry, sour cherry, pear and apple were examined periodically from just after fruit set to harvest for the appearance of oviposition injury. Percentage of dropped fruit with plum curculio oviposition also was recorded. Fruit also was harvested and evaluated for the presence of oviposition scars, adult feeding, and internal larvae. Apricot had the highest percentage of injury followed by Japanese plum, European plum, apple, peach, sweet cherry, sour cherry and pear. In plum, there was in increase in the percentage of fruit on the tree with oviposition injury from fruit set to harvest; whereas, with the other fruit the percentage of injury on the tree remained relatively constant beyond about a month after fruit set. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Brown, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM mbrown@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 40 IS 2 BP 149 EP 157 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 938PQ UT WOS:000230015700006 ER PT J AU Yee, WL AF Yee, WL TI Seasonal distributions of eggs and larvae of Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera : Tephritidae) in cherries SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rhagoletis indifferens; egg distributions; larval distributions; cherries ID OVIPOSITION-DETERRING PHEROMONE; FRUIT-FLY; POMONELLA AB The seasonal distributions of eggs and first-, second-, and third-instar larvae of the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), in sweet cherries were determined at three sites in central Washington in 2002 and 2003. The egg was the major stage during early, mid and late season. The distributions of eggs (i.e., the percentages of total immature stages that were eggs) were similar all season, but those of first, second and third instars were greatest in late season. First, second and third instars occurred in similar numbers in 2002, but third instars; were the most abundant in 2003. Tree quadrant had no effect on egg and larval densities and distributions. The majority of infested fruit had only one egg or larva, but there were significant increases in percentages of fruit with two or three eggs or larvae as percentages of fruit that were infested increased during the season. When there were two larvae in a fruit, one was larger than the other in 90.8% of cases. Results indicate time of season but not location within trees (1.5 to 2 m above ground) has differential effects on egg and larval distributions in fruit and on female oviposition behaviors that may result in multiple infestations and larval interactions. Seasonal effects on immature stages are probably related to developmental times and stage-specific mortality; whereas, effects on adults may be related to reduced availability of unoccupied fruit for oviposition. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Serv, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Serv, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM wlyee@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 40 IS 2 BP 158 EP 166 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 938PQ UT WOS:000230015700007 ER PT J AU Yee, WL Lacey, LA AF Yee, WL Lacey, LA TI Mortality of different life stages of Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera : Tephritidae) exposed to the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cherry fruit fly; Rhagoletis indifferens; Metarhizium anisopliae; infection; mortality ID FRUIT-FLY PUPARIA; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; C-COSYRA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PATHOGENICITY; FASCIVENTRIS; VIRULENCE; GROWTH; HOST AB Effects of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin on the mortality of different life stages of the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), were determined in laboratory tests. When teneral adults were exposed to fungal spores mixed in soil (7.63 x 10(5) and 1.61 x 10(6) spores/g) or applied to the surface of soil (1.14 x 10(6) and 2.28 x 10(6) spores/cm(2)) with 13 to 30% moisture, adult emergence was not reduced, but 14.9 to 68.0% of emerging adults were infected at death. When adult flies were exposed to various concentrations of dry spores inside vials, 15 mg (4.59 x 10(8) spores/10 flies) was the lowest needed for 100% mortality at 7 d post exposure, and resulted in 5.96 x 10(6) spores adhering to each fly. Females exposed to 1.80 mg (5.51 x 10(7) spores/10 flies) laid as many eggs as control females between 0 and 3 d post exposure, but due to mortality infected flies laid fewer eggs between 3 and 7 d. Third-instar larvae exposed to treated soil (9.63 x 10(4) to 4.81 x 10(6) spores/cm(2)) with 20% moisture were not infected. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Serv, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Serv, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM wlyee@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 40 IS 2 BP 167 EP 177 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 938PQ UT WOS:000230015700008 ER PT J AU Hesler, LS Li, Z Cheesbrough, TM Riedell, WE AF Hesler, LS Li, Z Cheesbrough, TM Riedell, WE TI Nymphiposition and population growth of Rhoaplosiphum padi L. (Homoptera : Aphididae) on conventional wheat cultivars and transgenic wheat isolines SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; Rhoaplosiphum padi; transgenic wheat; antibiosis; host-plant resistance ID BARLEY YELLOW DWARF; HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE; WINTER-WHEAT; CEREAL APHIDS; VIRUS-INFECTION; INHIBITOR-II; RICE PLANTS; REGISTRATION; YIELD; DEFENSES AB Nymphiposition and population growth of bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhoaplosiphum padi L. (Homoptera: Aphididae), were measured in four experiments with conventional, nontransgenic cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and in four separate experiments with isolines of 'Prospect' wheat containing the pin2 gene with promoter for potato proteinase inhibitor II. In two experiments with conventional wheat, population growth of R. padi was lower on cultivars 'Sharp,' 'Marshall' and 'Ember' compared to that on 'Russ.' Numbers of R. padi were intermediate on '2375' and did not differ from that on other cultivars. In the third and fourth experiments, Sharp and Marshall had less R. padi than 'Guard' and 'Prospect,' whereas 'Butte 86' and 'Ivan' had intermediate numbers of P. padi that did not differ from that on other cultivars. Nymphiposition by alate R. padi did not differ among cultivars, indicating a lack of antixenosis. Transgenic isolines did not show resistance to R. padi. Two of three experiments showed no effect of isoline on nymphiposition by R. padi, and three of four experiments showed no effect of isoline on final numbers of R. padi. However, in one experiment, nymphiposition by R. padi was greater on some transgenic isolines than others and, after 13 d, some transgenic isolines had greater populations of R. padi. Mechanical wounding of transgenic plants had no effect on nymphiposition or final numbers of R. padi. Although wheat cultivars Sharp, Marshall and Ember show promise as sources of antibiosis resistance to R. padi, more research is needed to understand potential use of proteinase transgenes in wheat for cereal aphid management. C1 USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Hesler, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM lhesler@ngirl.ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 40 IS 2 BP 186 EP 196 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 938PQ UT WOS:000230015700010 ER PT J AU Zhu, YC Adamczyk, JJ AF Zhu, YC Adamczyk, JJ TI Polymerase chain reaction detection of the modified cry1Ac gene in transgenic Bt (Bollgard (R)) cotton SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PCR; Bt; cotton; gene purity ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; PLANTS AB Transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) containing a modified cry1Ac gene from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner has been widely adopted for suppression of lepidopterous pests. As of 2004, over 90% of the cotton acreage in the mid-southern United States contained this modified cry1Ac gene. We developed a technique using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for routine detection of the cry1Ac gene in transgenic cotton plants. A total of eight cry1Ac genes were aligned for the PCR primer design. A DNA fragment was amplified from transgenic cotton, sequenced, and confirmed to be a portion of the cry1Ac gene. A total of 150 cotton plants representing four cultivars were examined for the presence of the cry1Ac gene. Results demonstrated that all of these cotton plants harbored the cry1Ac gene (i.e., 100% purity). This PCR technique can be used for future studies involving the expression of cry1Ac gene as well as corresponding protein expression. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Zhu, YC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM yczhu@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 40 IS 2 BP 206 EP 210 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 938PQ UT WOS:000230015700012 ER PT J AU Schaefer, PW Suasa-ard, W Kernasa, O Napompeth, B AF Schaefer, PW Suasa-ard, W Kernasa, O Napompeth, B TI Northernmost collection record of Lymantria narindra (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) in Thailand: Males captured in (+)-disparlure-baited traps SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE disparlure; (7R,8S)-cis-7; 8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane; Trap lure; range extension; Lymantria narindra; Lymantria sapaensis; Thailand C1 USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Introd Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Schaefer, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Introd Res Unit, 501 S Chapel St, Newark, DE 19713 USA. EM paulschaefer60@hotmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 40 IS 2 BP 234 EP 236 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 938PQ UT WOS:000230015700016 ER PT J AU Watanabe, M Adams, RM Wu, JJ Bolte, JP Cox, MM Johnson, SL Liss, WJ Boggess, WG Ebersole, JL AF Watanabe, M Adams, RM Wu, JJ Bolte, JP Cox, MM Johnson, SL Liss, WJ Boggess, WG Ebersole, JL TI Toward efficient riparian restoration: integrating economic, physical, and biological models SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE conservation targeting; spatially explicit models; water temperature; watersheds ID STREAM TEMPERATURE SIMULATION; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; WATER TEMPERATURE; WILD UNGULATE; STEELHEAD; SALMON; ALLOCATION; CALIFORNIA; RECOVERY; WILLOWS AB This paper integrates economic, biological, and physical models to explore the efficient combination and spatial allocation of conservation efforts to protect water quality and increase salmonid populations in the Grande Ronde basin, Oregon. We focus on the effects of shade on water temperatures and the subsequent impacts on endangered juvenile salmonid populations. The integrated modeling system consists of a physical model that links riparian conditions and hydrological characteristics to water temperature; a biological model that links water temperature and riparian conditions to salmonid abundance, and an economic model that incorporates both physical and biological models to estimate minimum cost allocations of conservation efforts. Our findings indicate that conservation alternatives such as passive and active riparian restoration, the width of riparian restoration zones, and the types of vegetation used in restoration activities should be selected based on the spatial distribution of riparian characteristics in the basin. The relative effectiveness of passive and active restoration plays an important role in determining the efficient allocations of conservation efforts. The time frame considered in the restoration efforts and the magnitude of desired temperature reductions also affect the efficient combinations of restoration activities. If the objective of conservation efforts is to maximize fish populations, then fishery benefits should be directly targeted. Targeting other criterion such as water temperatures would result in different allocations of conservation efforts, and therefore are not generally efficient. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Int Dev Ctr Japan, Koto Ku, Tokyo 1350047, Japan. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bioengn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USFS, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Western Oncol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Wu, JJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, 200A Ballard Extens Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM junjie.wu@oregonstate.edu RI Ebersole, Joseph/A-8371-2009; Wu, Junjie/C-4885-2013 NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 31 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2005 VL 75 IS 2 BP 93 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.11.005 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 915OL UT WOS:000228313500001 PM 15763152 ER PT J AU Cooper, LD Doss, RP Price, R Peterson, K Oliver, JE AF Cooper, LD Doss, RP Price, R Peterson, K Oliver, JE TI Application of Bruchin B to pea pods results in the up-regulation of CYP93C18, a putative isoflavone synthase gene, and an increase in the level of pisatin, an isoflavone phytoalexin SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Bruchin; CYP93C18; cytochrome P450; insect elicitor; Neoplastic pod; phytoalexin; pisatin; Pisum sativum ID PISUM-SATIVUM L; HERBIVOROUS INSECTS; BIOSYNTHESIS; EXPRESSION; DNA; MONOOXYGENASES; DEFENSE; CLONING; ENZYME; CELL AB Bruchins, mono and bis (3-hydroxypropanoate) esters of long chain alpha,omega-diols, are a recently discovered class of insect elicitors that stimulate cell division and neoplasm formation when applied to pods of peas and certain other legumes. Differential display analysis resulted in the identification of an mRNA whose level was increased by the application of Bruchin B to pea pods. The corresponding amplification product was cloned and sequenced and a full length cDNA sequence was obtained. This cDNA and the gene from which it was derived were assigned the name CYP93C18 based upon sequence similarities to the cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase CYP93C subfamily, which contains isoflavone synthase genes from legumes. RNA gel blots and quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated that expression of CYP93C18 increased within 8 h of bruchin treatment to a maximum of 100-200-fold of the level in untreated pods, and then declined. The up-regulation of CYP93C18 was followed by an increase in the level of the isoflavone phytoalexin, pisatin. Pisatin was detectable in the bruchin-treated pods after 16 h and reached a maximum between 32 h and 64 h. This, the first report of induction of phytoalexin biosynthesis by an insect elicitor, suggests that Bruchin B not only stimulates neoplasm formation, but also activates other plant defence responses. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cooper, LD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM lol.cooper@oregonstate.edu NR 42 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD APR PY 2005 VL 56 IS 414 BP 1229 EP 1237 DI 10.1093/jxb/eri117 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 911BK UT WOS:000227975900016 PM 15753113 ER PT J AU Figueiredo, HCP Klesius, PH Arias, CR Evans, J Shoemaker, CA Pereira, DJ Peixoto, MTD AF Figueiredo, HCP Klesius, PH Arias, CR Evans, J Shoemaker, CA Pereira, DJ Peixoto, MTD TI Isolation and characterization of strains of Flavobacterium columnare from Brazil SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Brazil; characterization; fish disease; Flavobacterium columnare; isolation; Oreochromis niloticus ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; CHANNEL CATFISH; FLEXIBACTER-COLUMNARIS; LOW VIRULENCE; FISH; INFECTION AB Flavobacterium columnare is an important pathogen of freshwater fish, implicated in skin and gill disease, often causing high mortality. An outbreak of skin disease in fingerling and adult Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), cultivated in a recirculation system, was investigated. Four strains were isolated and characterized by biochemical reactions, enzyme production, fatty acid profile and analysis of the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region. All strains were identified as F. columnare. Experimental infection assays with one of these strains (BZ-5-02) were conducted and pathogenicity (by intramuscular route) was demonstrated in Nile tilapia and channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque). This is the first report of characterization of Brazilian strains of F. columnare. C1 Univ Fed Lavras, Dept Vet Med, Lab Dis Aquat Anim, BR-37200000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Figueiredo, HCP (reprint author), Univ Fed Lavras, Dept Vet Med, Lab Dis Aquat Anim, Caixa Postal 37, BR-37200000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. EM henrique@ufla.br NR 20 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD APR PY 2005 VL 28 IS 4 BP 199 EP 204 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2005.00616.x PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 912GD UT WOS:000228064700002 PM 15813861 ER PT J AU Pasnik, DJ Evans, JJ Panangala, VS Klesius, PH Shelby, RA Shoemaker, CA AF Pasnik, DJ Evans, JJ Panangala, VS Klesius, PH Shelby, RA Shoemaker, CA TI Antigenicity of Streptococcus agalactiae extracellular products and vaccine efficacy SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE efficacy; extracellular products; Nile tilapia; serum antibody; Streptococcus agalactiae; vaccine ID TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; CONJUGATE VACCINES; RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH; IMMUNIZATION; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; INTRAPERITONEAL; PREVENTION; IMMERSION; PROTEINS AB Streptococcus agalactiae is a major bacterial pathogen that is the cause of serious economic losses in many species of freshwater, marine and estuarine fish worldwide. A highly efficacious S. agalactiae vaccine was developed using extracellular products (ECP) and formalin-killed whole cells of S. agalactiae. The vaccine efficacy following storage of S. agalactiae ECP and formalin-killed S. agalactiae cells at 4 degrees C for 1 year was determined. The stored ECP containing S. agalactiae formalin-killed cells failed to prevent morbidity and mortality among the vaccinated fish, and the relative percentage survival was 29. Serum antibody responses of the stored ECP and freshly prepared ECP against soluble whole cell extract of S. agalactiae indicated that significantly less antibody was produced in fish immunized with stored ECP and S. agalactiae cells than in those fish immunized with freshly prepared ECP and S. agalactiae cells at day 31 post-vaccination. Silver staining of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gels and immunostaining of Western blots with tilapia antiserum to S. agalactiae revealed that predominant 54 and 55 kDa bands were present in the freshly prepared ECP fraction. The 55 kDa band was absent from the stored ECP and new bands below 54 kDa appeared on the Western blot. The results of this study on S. agalactiae ECP provide evidence for a correlation between protection and antibody production to ECP and for the importance of the 55 kDa ECP antigen for vaccine efficacy. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. RP Pasnik, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, 151 Dixon Dr, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. EM dpasnik@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 20 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD APR PY 2005 VL 28 IS 4 BP 205 EP 212 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2005.00619.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 912GD UT WOS:000228064700003 PM 15813862 ER PT J AU Xu, DH Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA AF Xu, DH Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA TI Cutaneous antibodies from channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), immune to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) may induce apoptosis of Ich theronts SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; channel catfish; cutaneous antibodies; flow cytometry; Ichthyophthirius; skin culture fluid ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; TETRAHYMENA-THERMOPHILA; EXCISED SKIN; INFECTION; LEISHMANIA; EXPRESSION; PROTOZOAN; FAS AB This study explored the existence of apoptosis (programmed cell death) in Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet (Ich) theronts and determined the effect of cutaneous antibodies in skin culture fluid from fish immune to Ich on theront apoptosis. Apoptosis was detected in theronts and was clearly distinguished by fluorescent microscopy after staining with acridine orange and propidium iodide. The apoptotic theronts showed characteristic chromatin condensation and nuclear fragments containing chromatin pieces. The externalization of phosphatidylserine on the plasma membrane of apoptotic theronts was detected with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated annexin using flow cytometry. Theront apoptosis was induced using the skin culture fluid from fish immune to Ich, which contained cutaneous antibodies against Ich. The highest apoptosis appeared in theronts exposed to immune skin culture fluid at a 1:10 dilution, compared with those at 1:20 and 1:40 dilutions. A direct correlation was noted between the percentage of apoptotic theronts and exposure duration to immune skin culture fluid. The study indicated that antibody reaction with theronts (immobilization) played an important role in theront apoptosis, but it could not be excluded that other components released from the excised skin had effects on theronts. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RP Xu, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. EM dxu@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD APR PY 2005 VL 28 IS 4 BP 213 EP 220 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2005.00622.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 912GD UT WOS:000228064700004 PM 15813863 ER PT J AU Arthur, TM Wheeler, TL Shackelford, SD Bosilevac, JM Nou, XW Koohmaraie, M AF Arthur, TM Wheeler, TL Shackelford, SD Bosilevac, JM Nou, XW Koohmaraie, M TI Effects of low-dose, low-penetration electron beam irradiation of chilled beef carcass surface cuts on Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and meat quality SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID GROUND-BEEF; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; CLOSTRIDIUM-SPOROGENES; RADIATION-RESISTANCE; PROCESSING PLANTS; LISTERIA-INNOCUA; ACID RESISTANCE; LACTIC-ACID; SHELF-LIFE; HOT-WATER AB Low-dose, low-penetration electron beam (E-beam) irradiation was evaluated for potential use as an antimicrobial intervention on beef carcasses during processing. The objectives of this study were (i) to assess the efficacy of E-beam irradiation to reduce concentrations of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on a large beef surface and (ii) to evaluate the effect of the treatment on the sensory properties of the product. A 1-kGy dose of E-beam radiation reduced E. coli O157:H7 inoculated onto sections of cutaneous trunci at least 4 log CFU/cm(2). In assessing organoleptic impact, flank steak was used as the model muscle. Flank steaks with various levels of penetration by radiation (5, 10, 25, 50, and 75%) were evaluated. None of the flank steak sensory attributes were affected (P > 0.05) by any penetration treatment. Ground beef formulations consisting of 100, 50, 25, 10, 5, and 0% surface-irradiated beef were tested. A trained sensory panel did not detect any difference between the control (0%) and either the 5 or 10% treatments. These results suggest that if chilled carcasses were subjected to low-dose E-beam irradiation, aroma and flavor of ground beef would not be impacted. The data presented here indicate that low-dose, low-penetration E-beam irradiation has potential use as an antimicrobial intervention on beef carcasses during processing and minimally impacts the organoleptic qualities of the treated beef products. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Koohmaraie, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM koohmaraie@email.marc.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 37 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 2005 VL 68 IS 4 BP 666 EP 672 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 913KV UT WOS:000228151400002 PM 15830654 ER PT J AU Blau, DM McCluskey, BJ Ladely, SR Dargatz, DA Fedorka-Cray, PJ Ferris, KE Headrick, ML AF Blau, DM McCluskey, BJ Ladely, SR Dargatz, DA Fedorka-Cray, PJ Ferris, KE Headrick, ML TI Salmonella in dairy operations in the United States: Prevalence and antimicrobial drug susceptibility SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT SALMONELLA; RISK-FACTORS; HERDS; ENTERICA; CATTLE; COWS; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK AB Salmonella serotypes are important foodborne pathogens of humans that can be acquired through consumption of contaminated meat and dairy products. Salmonella infection also can be a significant animal health issue. As part of a national study of U.S. dairy operations conducted between March and September 2002, fecal samples were collected from representative cows in 97 dairy herds in 21 states and were cultured to determine the prevalence of Salmonella shedding. Salmonella was recovered from the feces of at least one cow in 30.9% of the herds. Overall, 7.3% of fecal samples were culture positive for Salmonella. The three most frequently recovered serotypes were Salmonella Meleagridis (24.1%), Salmonella Montevideo (11.9%), and Salmonella Typhimurium (9.9%). The susceptibilities of Salmonella isolates recovered were determined using a panel of 16 antimicrobial drugs. Salmonella isolates recovered from dairy cows had relatively little resistance to these antimicrobial agents; 83.0% of the isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. This study provides updated information on the prevalence and susceptibility patterns of Salmonella in dairy herds and on cow and herd characteristics. These data contribute to our understanding of the ecology of Salmonella in the dairy farm environment. C1 USDA, Ctr Epidemiol, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, Ctr Anim Hlth, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, Antimicrobial Resistance Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. RP Dargatz, DA (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Epidemiol, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM david.a.dargatz@aphis.usda.gov NR 26 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 2005 VL 68 IS 4 BP 696 EP 702 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 913KV UT WOS:000228151400006 PM 15830658 ER PT J AU Murase, T Holt, PS Gast, RK AF Murase, T Holt, PS Gast, RK TI Growth of Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in albumen and yolk contents of eggs inoculated with this organism onto the vitelline membrane SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID HENS; MULTIPLICATION; PEPTIDE; STORAGE AB By using an in vitro model simulating the potential opportunities for Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) to proliferate within eggs contaminated with this organism following oviposition, we investigated growth of SE in eggs. Seventy to 140 CFU of one of three SE strains originating either from egg contents, chicken meat, or a human infection were experimentally inoculated onto the vitelline membrane of eggs collected from specific-pathogen-free flocks of chickens and incubated at 25 degrees C. SE organisms were detected in 6 of 71 yolk contents of the eggs inoculated with any of the test strains attaining levels ranging from 2.0 X 10(2) to 4.2 X 10(8) CFU/ml by day 6. The organisms were also detected in the albumen from 38 of 55 eggs tested, growing to levels ranging from 1.0 X 10(2) to 4.3 x 10(8) CFU/ml by day 6 after inoculation. An additional three yolk contents and 15 albumen samples were culture positive for SE following enrichment. There was no correlation between the number of the organisms in the yolk contents and that in the albumen from each of the eggs. When 73 to 91 CFU of the egg strain were inoculated into samples of separated albumen obtained from eggs that were stored at 4 degrees C for I to 4 weeks or at 25 degrees C for 1 week, slight growth (3.0 X 10(2) to 7.4 X 10(3) CFU/ml) was found in only 3 of the 60 albumen samples by day 6 after inoculation, but the organisms were recovered from 52 samples following enrichment. The results suggest that the environment on or near the vitelline membrane can be conducive to SE proliferation over time. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Tottori Univ, Fac Agr, Lab Vet Microbiol, Tottori 6808553, Japan. RP Murase, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM murase@muses.tottori-u.ac.jp NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 2005 VL 68 IS 4 BP 718 EP 721 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 913KV UT WOS:000228151400009 PM 15830661 ER PT J AU Novak, JS Call, J Tomasula, P Luchansky, JB AF Novak, JS Call, J Tomasula, P Luchansky, JB TI An assessment of pasteurization treatment of water, media, and milk with respect to Bacillus spores SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID HEAT-RESISTANCE; SPORULATION TEMPERATURE; BACTERIAL-SPORES; CEREUS SPORES; ANTHRACIS; SUBTILIS; FOODS; FATE AB This study evaluated the ability of spore-forming Bacillus spp. to resist milk pasteurization conditions from 72 to 150 degrees C. Spores from the avirulent surrogate Sterne strain of Bacillus anthracis, as well as a representative strain of a common milk contaminant that is also a pathogen, Bacillus cereus ATCC 9818, were heated at test temperatures for up to 90 min in dH(2)O, brain heart infusion broth, or skim milk. In skim milk, characteristic log reductions (log CFU per milliliter) for B. anthracis spores were 0.45 after 90 min at 72 degrees C, 0.39 after 90 min at 78 degrees C, 8.10 after 60 min at 100 degrees C, 7.74 after 2 min at 130 degrees C, and 7.43 after 0.5 min at 150 degrees C. Likewise, log reductions (log CFU per milliliter) for viable spores of B. cereus ATCC 9818 in skim milk were 0.39 after 90 min at 72 degrees C, 0.21 after 60 min at 78 degrees C, 7.62 after 60 min at 100 degrees C, 7.37 after 2 min at 130 degrees C, and 7.53 after 0.5 min at 150 degrees C. No significant differences (P < 0.05) in thermal resistance were observed for comparisons of spores heated in dH(2)O or brain heart infusion broth compared with results observed in skim milk for either strain tested. However, spores from both strains were highly resistant (P < 0.05) to the pasteurization temperatures tested. As such, pasteurization alone would not ensure complete inactivation of these spore-forming pathogens in dH(2)O, synthetic media, or skim milk. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Saftey Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Luchansky, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Saftey Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jluchansky@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 12 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 2005 VL 68 IS 4 BP 751 EP 757 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 913KV UT WOS:000228151400014 PM 15830666 ER PT J AU Kim, HJ Feng, H Toshkov, SA Fan, XT AF Kim, HJ Feng, H Toshkov, SA Fan, XT TI Effect of sequential treatment of warm water dip and low-dose gamma irradiation on the quality of fresh-cut green onions SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE irradiation; warm water wash; sequential treatment; green onions; fresh-cut ID GLAHNG-WAHN VARIETY; ICEBERG LETTUCE; HOT-WATER; IONIZING-RADIATION; MEMBRANE-PERMEABILITY; CHLORINATED WATER; HEAT-TREATMENTS; APPLE SLICES; SHELF-LIFE; TRANSPORTATION AB The effect of warm water dip in combination with irradiation on quality of fresh-cut green onions was studied. Fresh-cut green onions were treated with and without warm water (50 degrees C for 20 s) and packaged prior to irradiation at 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 kGy, then stored at 4 degrees C for 14 d. Color, texture, decay percentage, electrolyte leakage, sensory qualities, and total aerobic count (TAC) were measured at 1, 4, 8, and 14 d of storage. The warm water treatment reduced the TAC by 0.9 log initially but the beneficial effect disappeared during storage. With the test conditions used in this study, the warm water treatment did not provide added benefits for quality improvements. Irradiation at all tested doses reduced TAC and the development of decay and off-odor, improved visual quality, and preserved green color. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Feng, H (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM haofeng@uiuc.edu NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 70 IS 3 BP M179 EP M185 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 918GB UT WOS:000228529200033 ER PT J AU Yeung, CK Miller, DD Cheng, ZQ Glahn, RP AF Yeung, CK Miller, DD Cheng, ZQ Glahn, RP TI Bioavailability of elemental iron powders in bread assessed with an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell culture model SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE elemental iron; Caco-2; baking; wheat flour bread; ascorbic acid ID ASCORBIC-ACID; INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; CACO-2 CELLS; WHEAT-FLOUR; ABSORPTION; FORTIFICATION; FOODS; PHYTATE; HUMANS; CEREAL AB Iron fortification of staple foods is arguably the most widely used strategy for increasing the iron intake of populations. Although FeSO4 is a bioavailable form of iron, elemental iron powders are often used to fortify products with a long shelf-life, such as wheat flours, to avoid problems associated with the reactive nature of FeSO4. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to compare the bioavailabilities of elemental iron powders manufactured with different production methods in wheat flour breads and to determine the effects of added ascorbic acid and baking, using an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell culture model. Two types of wheat flour (low-extraction and high-extraction) were fortified with 10 different commercial elemental iron powders and baked into breads. iron bioavailabilities from the resulting breads, with and without added ascorbic acid, were evaluated using FeSO4 as the control. Depending on the type of wheat flour, bloavallabilities of several powders were comparable to FeSO4, but there was no consistent trend as to which production method produced the most bioavailable powder. In general, ascorbic acid enhanced, whereas the baking process reduced iron bioavailability from bread. Our results suggest that some elemental iron powders are potential alternatives to FeSO4. Human studies are warranted before any of these powders are selected for national fortification programs. C1 USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Glahn, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM rpg3@cornell.edu NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 70 IS 3 BP S199 EP S203 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 918GB UT WOS:000228529200041 ER PT J AU Park, YI Raina, AK AF Park, YI Raina, AK TI Regulation of juvenile hormone titers by soldiers in the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Juvenile Hormones CY JUN 20-24, 2004 CL Kings Beach, CA DE formosan subterranean termite; juvenile hormone III; JH titer; caste differentiation; social insects ID RETICULITERMES-FLAVIPES KOLLAR; CASTE DIFFERENTIATION; ISOPTERA; RHINOTERMITIDAE; COLONIES; PROPORTIONS; ANALOG; FLAVICOLLIS; DEFAUNATION; SANTONENSIS AB In field collections of the Formosan subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus, soldiers averaged less than 10%. The proportion of soldiers increased to about 25% or higher when termites were kept in the laboratory, as did the juvenile hormone III (JH III) titers for both workers and soldiers. In laboratory experiments with a proportion of soldiers 25% or higher, very few new pre-soldiers were formed and the JH titer in existing soldiers remained constant. On the contrary, workers from groups containing less than 25% soldiers formed more pre-soldiers. In such cases, both workers and soldiers showed higher JH titers. Newly formed soldiers also had higher JH titers than older soldiers. It is speculated that populations containing higher soldier proportions inhibit further soldier differentiation, eventually holding the JH titers under the threshold or suppressing the activity of corpora allata resulting in lower JH titers in workers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Park, YI (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM ypark@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 51 IS 4 BP 385 EP 391 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2005.02.001 PG 7 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 931CF UT WOS:000229462700006 PM 15890181 ER PT J AU Meyer, MD Kelt, DA North, MP AF Meyer, MD Kelt, DA North, MP TI Nest trees of northern flying squirrels in the Sierra Nevada SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Glaucomys sabrinus; nest trees; radiotelemetry; riparian habitat; Sierra Nevada; snags ID OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; MAMMALS; PATTERNS; OREGON; FUNGI AB We examined the nest-tree preferences of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) in an old-growth, mixed-conifer and red fir (Abies magnifica) forest of the southern Sierra Nevada of California. We tracked 27 individuals to 122 nest trees during 3 summers. Flying squirrels selected nest trees that were larger in diameter and taller than either random trees or large (> 50-cm diameter at breast height) nearest-neighbor trees. Snags were used more often than live trees relative to their availability. Nest trees were usually close to riparian habitat; 86% of nest trees were < 150 m from a perennial creek. Flying squirrels selected red fir and avoided incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens). Mean distances between nest trees and size of core-nest areas were greater for males than for females. No detectable relationship was found between size of core-nest area and distance to a perennial creek. These results suggest that flying squirrels of the Sierra Nevada may require large trees and snags within 150 m of perennial creeks for their critical habitat needs. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Dept Agr Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Meyer, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM marcmeyer@fs.fed.us NR 37 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 11 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD APR PY 2005 VL 86 IS 2 BP 275 EP 280 DI 10.1644/BEH-110.1 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 917XD UT WOS:000228501700006 ER PT J AU Horst, RL Goff, JP Reinhardt, TA AF Horst, RL Goff, JP Reinhardt, TA TI Adapting to the transition between gestation and lactation: Differences between rat, human and dairy cow SO JOURNAL OF MAMMARY GLAND BIOLOGY AND NEOPLASIA LA English DT Review DE calcium; metabolism; homeostasis; milk fever; hypocalcemia; lactation ID INTESTINAL CALCIUM-ABSORPTION; SERUM PARATHYROID-HORMONE; VITAMIN-D METABOLISM; BOVINE PARTURIENT PARESIS; MINERAL ION HOMEOSTASIS; NORMAL HUMAN-PREGNANCY; PREVENT MILK FEVER; DIETARY CALCIUM; AMMONIUM-CHLORIDE; PLASMA 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D AB Adequate blood calcium concentrations are vital for the normal function of mammals. Mechanisms for maintaining normal blood calcium function adequately most of the time; however, occasionally they fail and calcium homeostasis is compromised. Milk fever or periparturient hypocalcemia in dairy cattle is a well-documented example of a breakdown in the mechanisms of calcium homeostasis. This disease occurs at the time of parturition and is unique to adult dairy animals. The disease results from the inability of animals to cope with the sudden demand for calcium in support of colostrum formation. Animals developing the disease become hypocalcemic and require intravenous calcium to survive. The precise metabolic disorder(s) responsible for the onset of milk fever is still being debated. This report will highlight some of the current concepts related to the causes and prevention of milk fever in dairy cattle, as well as contrasting differences in calcium demands that exist between dairy cattle, humans and rats at the onset of lactation. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Horst, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM rhorst@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 153 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1083-3021 J9 J MAMMARY GLAND BIOL JI J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia PD APR PY 2005 VL 10 IS 2 BP 141 EP 156 DI 10.1007/s10911-005-5397-x PG 16 WC Oncology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Oncology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 946IR UT WOS:000230566100005 PM 16025221 ER PT J AU Al-Hello, H Davydova, B Smura, T Kaialainen, S Ylipaasto, P Saario, E Hovi, T Rieder, E Roivinen, M AF Al-Hello, H Davydova, B Smura, T Kaialainen, S Ylipaasto, P Saario, E Hovi, T Rieder, E Roivinen, M TI Phenotypic and genetic changes in coxsackievirus B5 following repeated passage in mouse pancreas in vivo SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE enterovirus; coxsackievirus; mouse pancreas; repeated passages; chronic inflammation; increased blood glucose; genetic determinants ID INDUCED DIABETES-MELLITUS; SINGLE AMINO-ACID; ENCEPHALOMYOCARDITIS VIRUS; ENTEROVIRUS INFECTIONS; B3 VARIANTS; BETA-CELLS; PATHOGENESIS; MICE; BLOOD; ONSET AB Common enterovirus infections appear to initiate or facilitate the pathogenetic processes leading to type 1 diabetes, and also sometimes precipitate the clinical disease. In experimental infection of mice, coxsackievi ruses have shown to have a strong affinity for the exocrine tissue, while even in lethal cases, the islets remain unaffected. The virus strain most intensively studied in this respect is the diabetogenic variant E2 of coxsackievirus B4. In addition, it is known that all six serotypes of coxsackie B viruses can be made diabetogenic by repeated passages in either mouse pancreas in vivo or in cultured mouse beta-cells in vitro. However, the genetic determinants of the phenomenon have not been determined. In the present study, a laboratory strain of coxsackievirus B5 was passaged repeatedly in mouse pancreas in vivo. After 15 passages, the virus phenotype was clearly changed and infection of the variant resulted in a diabetes-like syndrome in mice characterized by chronic pancreatic inflammation together with dysregulation in glucose metabolism, loss of pancreatic acinar tissue, and mild insulitis. In order to characterize the genetic determinants involved in mouse pancreas adaptation, the passaged virus variant together with the parental virus strain was cloned for molecular characterization. The whole genome sequencing of both virus strains revealed only limited differences. Altogether, eight nucleotides were changed resulting in five amino acid substitutions, of which three were located in the capsid proteins. C1 Natl Publ Hlth Inst KTL, Enterovirus Lab, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland. USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, N Atlantic Area, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Roivinen, M (reprint author), Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Enterovirus Lab, Mannerheimintie 166, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland. EM merja.roivainen@ktl.fi RI Smura, Teemu/K-6421-2012; Smura, Teemu/C-4063-2016 OI Smura, Teemu/0000-0002-9187-3151; NR 35 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 75 IS 4 BP 566 EP 574 DI 10.1002/jmv.20303 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 904OC UT WOS:000227506600011 PM 15714484 ER PT J AU Cohen, SD AF Cohen, SD TI A protocol for direct sequencing of multiple gene specific PCR products from Discula umbrinella, a fungal endophyte, utilizing bufferless precast electrophoresis SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE sequence; PCR; Discula umbrinella; endophyte AB A protocol for direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from mycelia of Discula umbrinella, a fungal endophyte, using bufferless electrophoresis is described. This improved method allows researchers to conduct high-capacity screening of multiple gene regions for fungal endophytes applicable to microbial ecology and population genetic studies. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Policy & Program Dev, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Cohen, SD (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Policy & Program Dev, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. EM susan.d.cohen@aphis.usda.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD APR PY 2005 VL 61 IS 1 BP 131 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2004.11.004 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 897PH UT WOS:000227016600014 PM 15676203 ER PT J AU Schaart, MW Schierbeek, H van der Schoor, SRD Stoll, B Burrin, DG Reeds, PJ van Goudoever, JB AF Schaart, MW Schierbeek, H van der Schoor, SRD Stoll, B Burrin, DG Reeds, PJ van Goudoever, JB TI Threonine utilization is high in the intestine of piglets SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2004 Annual Meeting CY APR 17-21, 2004 CL Washington, DC DE amino acid; intestine; nutrition; piglets; threonine ID AMINO-ACID-COMPOSITION; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; WHOLE-BODY; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; SUBSTRATE OXIDATION; SPLANCHNIC BED; GROWING-PIGS; DIETARY; METABOLISM AB The whole-body threonine requirement in parenterally fed piglets is substantially lower than that in enterally fed piglets, indicating that enteral nutrition induces intestinal processes in demand of threonine. We hypothesized that the percentage of threonine utilization for oxidation and intestinal protein synthesis by the portal-drained viscera (PDV) increases when dietary protein intake is reduced. Piglets (n = 18) received isocaloric normal or protein-restricted diets. After 7 h of enteral feeding, total threonine utilization, incorporation into intestinal tissue, and oxidation by the PDV, were determined with stable isotope methodology [U-C-13 threonine infusion]. Although the absolute amount of systemic and dietary threonine utilized by the PDV was reduced in protein-restricted piglets, the percentage of dietary threonine intake utilized by the PDV did not differ between groups (normal protein 91% vs. low protein 85%). The incorporation of dietary threonine into the proximal jejunum was significantly different compared with the other intestinal segments. Dietary, rather than systemic threonine was preferentially utilized for protein synthesis in the small intestinal mucosa in piglets that consumed the normal protein diet (P < 0.05). Threonine oxidation by the PDV was limited during normal protein feeding. In protein-restricted pigs, half of the total whole-body oxidation occurred in the PDV. We conclude that, in vivo, the PDV have a high obligatory visceral requirement for threonine. The high rate of intestinal threonine utilization is due mainly to incorporation into mucosal proteins. C1 Erasmus MC Sophia Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP van Goudoever, JB (reprint author), Erasmus MC Sophia Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM j.vangoudoever@erasmusmc.nl NR 36 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2005 VL 135 IS 4 BP 765 EP 770 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 913KD UT WOS:000228149500017 PM 15795432 ER PT J AU Smith, A Madden, KB Yeung, KJA Zhao, AP Elfrey, J Finkelman, F Levander, O Shea-Donohue, T Urban, JF AF Smith, A Madden, KB Yeung, KJA Zhao, AP Elfrey, J Finkelman, F Levander, O Shea-Donohue, T Urban, JF TI Deficiencies in selenium and/or vitamin E lower the resistance of mice to Heligmosomoides polygyrus infections SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE selenium; vitamin E; parasite; immunity; gastrointestinal ID NF-KAPPA-B; NEMATODE-INDUCED ALTERATIONS; T-CELLS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; COXSACKIEVIRUS B3; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO AB Previous studies have shown that deficiencies in selenium (Se) and/or vitamin E(VE) can exacerbate the infectivity and pathogenesis of coxsackievirus B3 and influenza. Both Se and VE play a role in immune function and antioxidant defense. To determine whether these deficiencies would affect the normal course of infection with a metazoan parasite, mice were made deficient in Se and/or VE and inoculated with the gastrointestinal nematode parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Both primary and secondary infections were assessed. Although the course of a primary infection with H. polygyrus was unaffected by diet, diets deficient in Se, VE, and both Se and VE (Se/VE double-deficiency) all caused delayed adult worm expulsion and increased fecundity during a secondary infection; suggesting an impaired intestinal response. H. polygyrus-induced IL-4 levels were diet-independent; but Se/VE double-deficiency blocked the H. polygyrus-induced IL-4 receptor-associated decrease in sodium-dependent glucose absorption in the jejunum that contributes to worm expulsion. In contrast, Se/VE double-deficiency had no effect on the infection-induced, IL-4R-associated increase in epithelial cell permeability that accompanies the infection. These results suggest that both Se and VE are required for specific IL-4-related changes in intestinal physiology that promote host protection against H. polygyrus. C1 USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Coll Med, Ctr Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. Cincinnati Vet Adm Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Urban, JF (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM urbanj@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 49 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2005 VL 135 IS 4 BP 830 EP 836 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 913KD UT WOS:000228149500028 PM 15795443 ER PT J AU Tang, GW Ferreira, ALA Grusak, MA Qin, J Dolnikowski, GG Russell, RM Krinsky, NI AF Tang, GW Ferreira, ALA Grusak, MA Qin, J Dolnikowski, GG Russell, RM Krinsky, NI TI Bioavailability of synthetic and biosynthetic deuterated lycopene in humans SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE lycopene; mass spectrometry; stable isotope; intrinsic labeling; blood response ID BETA-CAROTENE; INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; TOMATO PASTE; PLASMA; MEN; INGESTION; SUPPLEMENTS; SINGLE; JUICE AB Current knowledge of the bioavailability of lycopene in humans is limited due to the inability to distinguish newly administered lycopene from the body reserves of lycopene. A quantitative method to assess the absorption and relative bioavailability of newly absorbed synthetic or natural lycopene was developed using two deuterated lycopene sources, in conjunction with an advanced LC/APCI-MS (liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry) to analyze newly absorbed lycopene in blood samples of study subjects. Two subjects (1 male and 1 female) consumed hydroponically grown tomatoes containing deuterium-enriched lycopene (8084 g wet weight tomato containing 16.3 and 17.4 mu mol lycopene, respectively) and two subjects (1 male, and 1 female) consumed 11 mu mol synthetic H-2(10) lycopene in 6 g of corn oil. Tomatoes were steamed and pureed. The doses were given together with a liquid formulated drink with 25% energy from fat. Our results showed that up to 34 days after taking an oral 2 1110 lycopene dose (synthetic or from tomato) with a liquid formula drink, the area under the curve of the average serum percent enrichment response of synthetic lycopene reached 33.9 (+/- 1.7) nmol-day/mu mol lycopene in the dose, whereas that of lycopene from the tomato dose was 11.8 (+/- 0.3) nmol-day/mu mol lycopene in the dose. Our study provides evidence that the absorption of physiological levels of lycopene in intrinsically labeled tomatoes can be studied in humans. From these preliminary investigations, we find that the bioavailability of synthetic lycopene in oil appears to be about three times higher than that of lycopene from steamed and pureed tomatoes. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Med, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tang, GW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM guangwen.tang@tufts.edu NR 22 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 EI 1873-4847 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD APR PY 2005 VL 16 IS 4 BP 229 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.11.007 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 922DG UT WOS:000228815600005 PM 15808327 ER PT J AU Miska, KB Fetterer, RH Min, W Lillehoj, HS AF Miska, KB Fetterer, RH Min, W Lillehoj, HS TI Heat shock protein 90 genes of two species of poultry Eimeria: Expression and evolutionary analysis SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; SEQUENCE; TENELLA; FAMILY; GROWTH; HSP90; CELLS; CDNA; TIME AB Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is 1 of the most abundant and evolutionarily conserved proteins. In most species, Hsp90 is essential for proper cell function. In this study, we present the molecular analysis of Hsp90 from Eimeria species, the causative agents of avian coccidiosis. The full-length Eimeria acervidina Hsp90 complementary DNA was isolated from intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes of Eimeria-infected chickens. From evolutionary analysis and sequence identity, it is likely that Eimeria Hsp90 sequences described thus far encode the cytosolic versions of the protein. Although at the nucleotide and amino acid levels Eimeria tenella and E. acervulina Hsp90 are highly similar, their expression profiles differ considerably. Although E. tenella transcripts were detected in all developmental stages tested, E. acervulina transcripts were not found in oocysts undergoing sporulation or in fully sporulated oocysts, suggesting that messenger RNA expression may be regulated quite differently between Eimeria species. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Miska, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 1042 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kmiska@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Min, Wongi/0000-0003-2437-7366 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 91 IS 2 BP 300 EP 306 DI 10.1645/GE-375R PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 931OH UT WOS:000229494100010 PM 15986604 ER PT J AU Hoberg, EP AF Hoberg, EP TI Coevolution and biogeography among Nematodirinae (Nematoda : Trichostrongylina) Lagomorpha and Artiodactyla (Mammalia): Exploring determinants of history and structure for the northern fauna across the Holarctic SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CUTICULAR RIDGE-PATTERNS; GENETIC CONSEQUENCES; OVIBOS-MOSCHATUS; DNA-SEQUENCES; PIKAS; SHEEP; RUMINANTS; PARASITES; MUSKOXEN; OCHOTONA AB Nematodes of the subfamily Nematodirinae are characteristic components of a Holarctic fauna. The topology of a generic-level phylogenetic hypothesis, patterns of diversity. and geographic distributions for respective nematode taxa in conjunction with data for host occurrence are consistent with primary distributions determined across Beringia for species of Murielus, Rauschia, Nematodirus, and Nematodirella. Ancestral hosts are represented by Lagomorpha, with evidence for a minimum of 1 host-switching-event and subsequent radiation in the Artiodactyla. Diversification may reflect vicariance of respective faunas along with episodic or cyclical range expansion and isolation across Beringia during the late Tertiary and Quaternary. Secondarily, species of Nematodirus attained a distribution in the Neotropical region with minimal diversification of an endemic fauna represented by Nematodirus molini among tayassuids, Nematodirus lamae among camelids and Nematodirus urichi in cervids during the Pleistocene. Nematodirines are a core component of an Arctic-Boreal fauna of zooparasitic nematodes (defined by latitude and altitude) adapted to transmission in extreme environments characterized by seasonally low temperatures and varying degrees of desiccation. The history and distribution of this fauna is examined in the context of biotic and abiotic determinants for geographic colonization and host switching with an exploration of predicted responses of complex host-parasite systems to ecological perturbation under a regime of global climate change. C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hoberg, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect, BARC E 1180,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ehoberg@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 97 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 14 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 91 IS 2 BP 358 EP 369 DI 10.1645/GE-3466 PG 12 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 931OH UT WOS:000229494100019 PM 15986612 ER PT J AU Hoberg, EP Abrams, A AF Hoberg, EP Abrams, A TI Pseudostertagia bullosa (Nematoda : Trichostrongyloidea) in artiodactyl hosts from North America: Redescription and comments on systematics SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CUTICULAR RIDGE-PATTERNS; N-SP NEMATODA; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; DOMESTIC RUMINANTS; SYNLOPHE; OSTERTAGIINAE; HAEMONCHINAE; BIOGEOGRAPHY; PHYLOGENY; PARASITES AB A relationship for Pseudostertagia bullosa within the trichostrongyloids has been enigmatic or unresolved. Studies of the synlophe in males and females of P. bullosa revealed a tapering system anterior to the deirids and a pattern of parallel ridges extending to near the caudal extremity in both lateral and median fields. Structurally, the synlophe differs considerably from that seen among, the Cooperiinae and exhibits homoplasy with respect to ridge systems among some Ostertagiinae. Other structural characters due to symplesiomorphy, homoplasy or because they represent autapomorphies do not serve to reveal the putative relationships for P. bullosa with other trichostrongyloids. Although somewhat equivocal, the 2-2-1 pattern of the bursa and position of rays 2 and 3 suggest an association with the Cooperinae, as postulated by Durette-Desset and others. Pseudostertagia bullosa appears to be a species that has survived in the pronghorn, Antilocapra americana, a relictual pecoran artiodactyl that occurs in xeric regions of western North America: pronghorn are the sole remnant of the late Tertiary radiation for Antilocapridae across North America. Pseudostertagia bullosa may occur in mixed infections with a number of ostertagiines in the abomasa of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and domestic sheep (Ovis aries) in regions of sympatry for pronghorn and these artiodactyl hosts. C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hoberg, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect, BARC E 1180,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ehoberg@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 91 IS 2 BP 370 EP 381 DI 10.1645/GE-3419 PG 12 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 931OH UT WOS:000229494100020 PM 15986613 ER PT J AU Hoberg, EP Lichtenfels, JR Rickard, LG AF Hoberg, EP Lichtenfels, JR Rickard, LG TI Phylogeny for genera of Nematodirinae (Nematoda : Trichostrongylina) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CUTICULAR RIDGE-PATTERNS; RUMINANTS; PARASITES; BATTUS; KEY; CLASSIFICATION; FILICOLLIS; CHARACTER; SEQUENCES; LAMANEMA AB Monophyly for the Nematodirinae, with 5 genera, Murielus, Rauschia, Nematodiroides, Nematodirus, and Nematodirella was confirmed based on comparative morphology and phylogenetic analysis Of Structural characters. This concept for the nematodirines excludes the monotypic Lamanema chavezi, but otherwise corroborates generic-level diversity as defined in prior studies. Exhaustive analysis resulted in 1 most parsimonious tree (36 steps; consistency index [CI] = 0.94; retention index [RI] = 0.93: excluding phylogenetically uninformative characters, CI = 0.92). As an inclusive or monophyletic group, Nematodirinae was diagnosed by 8 synapomorphies (7 are unequivocal): (1) large eggs. (2) long filiform spicules, (3) basal division of the dorsal ray, (4) symmetrical membrane enveloping the spicule tips, (5) fused structure of the spicule tips, (6) absence of the gubernaculum, (7) development of the third-stage larva within the egg, and (8) ornamentation in the form of discrete bosses on the bursa. Exclusion of Lamanema will require new assessments of historical biogeography and the evolution of host associations for the nematodirines. C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hoberg, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect, BARC E 1180,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ehoberg@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 91 IS 2 BP 382 EP 389 DI 10.1645/GE-3408 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 931OH UT WOS:000229494100021 PM 15986614 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Sun, LF Chiparus, O Negulescu, I Yachmenev, V Warnock, M AF Chen, Y Sun, LF Chiparus, O Negulescu, I Yachmenev, V Warnock, M TI Kenaf/ramie composite for automotive headliner SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE kenaf; ramie; nonwoven composite; automotive headliner; mechanical and thermal properties AB increasing industrial interest is applications of kenaf and ramie fiber nonwovens for making automotive interior trim parts because of their excellent strength and renewability. This paper presents a study on the manufacture and evaluation of the kenaf/ramie nonwoven composite for this automotive end use. Carding, needle-punching, and wet bonding were used to fabricate the composite. End-use performance of the composite, in terms of tensile strength, thermal conductivity, dynamic mechanical property, and bonding structure, was tested using a series of instruments in accordance with the ASTM methods. Bonding performance of the polyvinyl alcohol binder and acrylic copolymer binder was also compared. Research results revealed that the acrylic-copolymer bonded composite was significantly anisotropic in both tensile and bending deformation and the polyvinyl-alcohol bonded composite was significantly anisotropic only in bending deformation. For the acrylic-copolymer bonded composite, increase of padding times helped enhance tensile properties. The acrylic-copolymer bonded composite also exhibited a better performance in dynamic thermal mechanical deformation but indicated insignicant difference of thermal conductivity compared to the polyvinyl-alcohol bonded composite. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Human Ecol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Univ Arkansas, Sch Human Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Human Ecol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM chenyan@lsu.edu NR 8 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1566-2543 J9 J POLYM ENVIRON JI J. Polym. Environ. PD APR PY 2005 VL 13 IS 2 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1007/s10924-005-2942-z PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 933KC UT WOS:000229626300003 ER PT J AU Rutiaga, MO Galan, LJ Morales, LH Gordon, SH Imam, SH Orts, WJ Glenn, GM Nino, KA AF Rutiaga, MO Galan, LJ Morales, LH Gordon, SH Imam, SH Orts, WJ Glenn, GM Nino, KA TI Mechanical property and biodegradability of cast films prepared from blends of oppositely charged biopolymers SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE biopolymers; charged polymers; cast films; biodegradability ID WOOD ADHESIVE; PLASTIC FILMS; STARCH; COMPOSITES AB Biodegradable cast films of about 50 mu m thickness were fabricated by blending oppositely charged biopolymers such as anionic starch-chitosan, and cationic starch-pectin. The tensile strength and elongation at break (%) of films were evaluated as well as their capacity to degrade in compost. Films recovered from soil every 48 h showed consistent degradation ( weight loss), diminution of the polymer's characteristic peak absorbance in the carbohydrate fingerprint region of the FTIR, and changes in the surface morphology via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Anionic starch-chitosan films had much superior tensile strength and elongation compared to cationic starch-pectin, suggesting that the ionic bonds formed between anionic- starch and positively charged groups in chitosan polymer were much more stable and stronger. Initially, both films lost about 36% weight within 96 h, which also correlated well with the loss in the characteristic absorption peaks in the region of the infrared spectrum typical of biopolymers. The total mineralization of films by microorganisms in compost soil was also measured using respirometric techniques. Though the rate of mineralization differed for two formulations, total mineralization ( extent) for both. films were achieved within 45 days. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL, Mexico. USDA ARS, NCAUR, Peoria, IL USA. RP Imam, SH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM simam@pw.usda.gov NR 19 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1566-2543 J9 J POLYM ENVIRON JI J. Polym. Environ. PD APR PY 2005 VL 13 IS 2 BP 185 EP 191 DI 10.1007/s10924-005-2949-5 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 933KC UT WOS:000229626300011 ER PT J AU Smith, BC Cheema, BS O'Sullivan, AJ Pang, G Lloyd, BD Patwardhan, A Chan, M Gillin, A Kelly, J Singh, MAF AF Smith, BC Cheema, BS O'Sullivan, AJ Pang, G Lloyd, BD Patwardhan, A Chan, M Gillin, A Kelly, J Singh, MAF TI Resistance training during hemodialysis reduces C-reactive protein - Results from a randomized controlled trial of progressive exercise for anabolism in kidney disease (The Peak Study). SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Geriatrics-Society CY MAY 11-15, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Geriatr Soc C1 Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ New S Wales, Dept Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia. St George Hosp, Dept Nutr & Dietet, Sydney, NSW, Australia. St George Hosp, Dept Renal Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Royal Prince Alfred Hosp, Dept Nutr & Dietet, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Royal Prince Alfred Hosp, Dept Renal Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Hebrew Rehabil Ctr Aged, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 4 SU S BP S13 EP S14 PG 2 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 917HE UT WOS:000228450900036 ER PT J AU Taylor, MM Marmer, WN Brown, AEM AF Taylor, MM Marmer, WN Brown, AEM TI Characterization of biopolymers prepared from gelatin and sodium caseinate for potential use in leather processing SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Leather-Chemists-Association (ALCA) CY JUN 16, 2004 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Leather Chemists Assoc ID SOYBEAN 11S GLOBULIN; MICROBIAL TRANSGLUTAMINASE; CROSS-LINKING; ENZYMATIC MODIFICATION; HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS; MILK-PROTEINS; EMULSIFYING PROPERTIES; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; WHEY PROTEINS AB Biopolymers formed from crosslinking of different proteins is an area of growing interest. Much has been reported in the literature on the properties of a variety of biopolymers synthesized by enzymatic treatment. These products have the advantage of possessing the unique properties of each protein and have the potential for generating novel products. Prior research from this laboratory demonstrated that gelatins of varying qualities could be enzymatically modified to give products with superior functional properties. These modified gelatins, when examined by SDS-PAGE, were highly polymerized as demonstrated by an increase in higher molecular weight species. In this study, we examined individually the properties of modified proteins from renewable resources, specifically gelatins and casein, as well as their enzymatically combined products. The physical properties and molecular weight distribution of the gelatin conjugate products show that the degree of crosslinking was enhanced by addition of even small amounts of the secondary protein. These unique reactions have the potential of generating products used in leather processing' more specifically in preparation of coatings or as fillers for the leather. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Taylor, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mtaylor@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 100 IS 4 BP 149 EP 159 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 912OO UT WOS:000228089000006 ER PT J AU Biresaw, G AF Biresaw, G TI Adsorption of amphiphiles at an oil-water vs. an oil-metal interface SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE adsorption isotherms; boundary friction; fractional surface coverage; free energy of adsorption; interfacial tension; jojoba; Langmuir adsorption model; methyl palmitate; safflower oil; technical metal ID BOUNDARY LUBRICATION; FRICTION AB Studies were conducted to investigate whether adsorption of amphiphiles from oil onto a degreased metal can be predicted from knowledge about adsorption of the amphiphiles at the oil-water interface. The surface of a degreased metal comprises oxides, hydroxides, and adsorbed water vapor, which form from the reaction of the metal with air and moisture. if the behaviors of amphiphiles at water-oil and metal-oil interfaces are similar, this information can be useful in the development of cheaper and quicker methods of estimating amphiphile adsorption properties on degreased metals. The amphiphiles used were safflower oil (SA) and jojoba oil (JO), both of which are plant-based oils, and methyl palmitate (MP). SA is a triester whereas JO and MP are monoesters. The interfacial tension of water-hexadecane was measured as a function of amphiphile concentration in hexadecane and used to estimate an interfacial-based free energy of adsorption, Delta G(ads). The resulting interfacial-based Delta G(ads) values for SA were identical to those reported from friction-based adsorption isotherms. The corresponding values for the monoesters were within the range reported from friction-based adsorption isotherms. C1 USDA, ARS, NCAUR, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Biresaw, G (reprint author), USDA, ARS, NCAUR, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM biresawg@ncaur.usda.gov NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 82 IS 4 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.1007/s11746-005-1068-3 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 938QW UT WOS:000230018900010 ER PT J AU Kurth, TL Biresaw, G Adhvaryu, A AF Kurth, TL Biresaw, G Adhvaryu, A TI Cooperative adsorption behavior of fatty acid methyl esters from hexadecane via coefficient of friction measurements SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE adsorption; ball-on-disk; boundary lubrication; FFG; friction; isotherm; Langmuir; Temkin ID BOUNDARY LUBRICATION; HEAT; OILS AB The frictional behaviors of methyl oleate (MO), methyl palmitate (MP), methyl laurate (ML), and methyl stearate (MSt) as additives in hexadecane have been examined in a boundary lubrication test regime using steel contacts. It was found that the transient attributes of coefficient of friction (COF)-time spectra are a sensitive measure of adsorption equilibria. Critical additive concentrations were defined and used to perform novel and simple Langmuir analyses that provide an order of adsorption energies: MSt > MP > MO >= ML. Application of Langmuir, Temkin, and Frumkin-Fowler-Guggenheim adsorption models via nonlinear fitting of a general cooperative model demonstrates the necessary inclusion of cooperative effects in the applied model. In agreement with the qualitative features of steady-state COF-concentration plots, MSt modeling requires minimal cooperative interaction terms. However, MO, MP, and ML data require large attractive interaction terms to be adequately fitted. Primary adsorption energies calculated via the cooperative model are necessarily decreased, whereas total adsorption energies correlate well with values obtained via critical concentration analyses. These results and comparisons with previous adsorption studies of MO and MSt suggest that primary (ester-surface) and secondary (alkyl-surface) adsorbate-adsorbent, adsorbate-adsorbate, and (free-additive) adsorpt-adsorpt interactions collectively determine both the calculated primary and the cooperative interaction energies. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Kurth, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kurtht@ncaur.usda.gov NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 82 IS 4 BP 293 EP 299 DI 10.1007/s11746-005-1069-2 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 938QW UT WOS:000230018900011 ER PT J AU Biggs, AR Miller, SS AF Biggs, AR Miller, SS TI Comparative relative susceptibility of NE-183 apple cultivars to fruit rot pathogens in West Virginia SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BOTRYOSPHAERIA-DOTHIDEA; OBTUSA AB Twenty-three apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) cultivars were tested over a 5-year period with controlled inoculations in the field and laboratory for their relative susceptibility to the pathogens that cause common preharvest ("summer") fruit rot diseases in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Pathogens tested were isolates of Colletotrichum acutatum, Botryosphaeria dothidea, and B. obtusa, the causal agents for bitter rot. white rot, and black rot respectively. Wounded (for Botryosphaeria sop.) or nonwounded (for C. acutatum) fruit were inoculated in the field and laboratory at 2 to 3 weeks preharvest with mycelium (for Botryosphaeria spp.) or conidia (for C. acutatum) from axenic cultures. Fruit were rated for relative susceptibility to the different fungi by determining disease severity of attached fruit in the field based on lesion growth and detached fruit in laboratory inoculations of wounded fruit. Based on the laboratory and field data from 5 growing seasons, cultivars were classified into three relative susceptibility groups: most susceptible: 'Pristine'. 'Fortune', 'Sunrise', 'Orin', and 'Arlet'; moderately susceptible: 'Sansa', 'Ginger Gold', 'Golden Supreme', 'Honeycrisp', 'PioneerMac', 'Suncrisp', 'Cameo', 'Senshu', 'Shizuka', 'Yataka', and NY75414; and least susceptible: 'Enterprise', 'Golden Delicious', 'Creston', 'GoldRush', 'Gala Supreme'. 'Braeburn', and 'Fuji'. Results of the present study indicate that new apple cultivars from the first NE-183 planting vary in their resistance to the different rot fungi and none, perhaps with the exceptions of 'Gala Supreme' and 'Fuji,' shows uniform resistance to the spectrum of summer rot pathogens included in these experiments. C1 W Virginia Univ, Kearneysville Tree Fruit Res & Educ Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Biggs, AR (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Kearneysville Tree Fruit Res & Educ Ctr, POB 609, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. OI Biggs, Alan/0000-0001-8362-9530 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 59 IS 2 BP 72 EP 77 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 920YD UT WOS:000228730500003 ER PT J AU Krewer, GW Sherman, WB Beckman, TG AF Krewer, GW Sherman, WB Beckman, TG TI 'Gulfcrest' peach SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Krewer, GW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, POB 1209, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 59 IS 2 BP 91 EP 93 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 920YD UT WOS:000228730500005 ER PT J AU Beckman, TG Krewer, GW Sherman, WB AF Beckman, TG Krewer, GW Sherman, WB TI 'Gulfking' peach SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Beckman, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 59 IS 2 BP 94 EP 96 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 920YD UT WOS:000228730500006 ER PT J AU Beckman, TG Reilly, CC AF Beckman, TG Reilly, CC TI Relative susceptibility of peach cultivars to fungal gummosis (Botryosphaeria dothidea) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INFECTION AB Peach fungal gummosis, incited by Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug.:Fr.) Ces. & De Not., significantly depresses growth and yield on susceptible peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] cultivars. Little is known about the relative susceptibility of commercially important peach cultivars utilized in the southeastern United States. A trellis system equipped with an automated misting system was used to deliver inoculum from infected peach prunings to peach trees planted beneath the trellis. Peach prunings inoculated with B. dothidea were placed on the trellis wires above the newly planted trees. Intermittent misting of the trellis occurred during May and June of the first year, after which the inoculum source were removed. Disease severity was evaluated in November of the following growing season after visible symptoms developed. Significant variation in disease susceptibility was detected across the cultivars tested. Of the 25 cultivars tested, 'Summergold' was the most susceptible and 'Redskin' the least. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Beckman, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 59 IS 2 BP 111 EP 116 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 920YD UT WOS:000228730500009 ER PT J AU Williams, JD Kolpin, DW AF Williams, JD Kolpin, DW TI Current topics in agricultural hydrology and water quality: Introduction SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. RP Williams, JD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Ctr, POB 370, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM johnd.williams@oregonstate.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 BP 243 EP 244 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 924NP UT WOS:000228985800001 ER PT J AU Haggard, BE DeLaune, PB Smith, DR Moore, PA AF Haggard, BE DeLaune, PB Smith, DR Moore, PA TI Nutrient and beta(17)-estradiol loss in runoff water from poultry litters SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AWRA Spring Specialty Conference on Agricultural Hydrology and Water Quality CY MAY, 2003 CL Kansas City, MO SP Amer Water Resources Assoc DE water quality; poultry litter; nonpoint source pollution; nutrients; estradiol; best management practices ID PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATIONS; ALUMINUM SULFATE; UNITED-STATES; QUALITY; MANURE; NITROGEN; AMENDMENTS; SOILS; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; HORMONES AB A main water quality concern is accelerated eutrophication of fresh waters from nonpoint source pollution, particularly nutrient transport in surface runoff from agricultural areas and confined animal feeding operations. This study examined nutrient and β(17)-estradiol concentrations in runoff from small plots where six poultry litters were applied at a rate of about 67 kg/ha of total phosphorus (TP). The six poultry litter treatments included pelleted compost, pelleted litter, raw litter, alum (treated) litter, pelleted alum litter, and normal litter (no alum). Four replicates of the six poultry litter treatments and a control (plots without poultry litter application) were used in this study. Rainfall simulations at intensity of 50 mm/hr were conducted immediately following poultry litter application to the plots and again 30 days later. Composite runoff samples were analyzed for soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), ammonia (NH4), nitrate (NO3), TP, total nitrogen (TN) and β(17)-estradiol concentrations. In general, poultry litter applications increased nutrient and β(17)-estradiol concentrations in runoff water. Ammonia and P concentrations in runoff water from the first simulation were correlated to application rates of water extractable NH4 (R-2 = 0.70) and P (R-2 = 0.68) in the manure. Results suggest that alum applications to poultry litter in houses inbetween flocks is an effective best management practice for reducing phosphorus (P) and β(17)-estradiol concentrations in runoff and that pelleted poultry litters may increase the potential for P and β(17)-estradiol loss in runoff water. Inferences regarding pelleted poultry litters should be viewed cautiously, because the environmental consequence of pelleting poultry litters needs additional investigation. C1 USDA, ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN USA. RP Haggard, BE (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, 203 Engn Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM haggard@uark.edu NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 BP 245 EP 256 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03732.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 924NP UT WOS:000228985800002 ER PT J AU Boyer, DG AF Boyer, DG TI Water quality improvement program effectiveness for carbonate aquifers in grazed land watersheds SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AWRA Spring Specialty Conference on Agricultural Hydrology and Water Quality CY MAY, 2003 CL Kansas City, MO SP Amer Water Resources Assoc DE water quality; agriculture; karst hydrology; nonpoint source pollution; environmental impacts; ground water management; EQIP ID KARST GROUNDWATER; NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS; WEST-VIRGINIA; HERBICIDES; IMPACTS; AREA AB Water quality indicators of two agriculturally impacted karst areas in southeastern West Virginia were studied to determine the water quality effects of grazing agriculture and water quality trends following initiation of water quality improvement programs. Both areas are tributaries of the Greenbrier River and received funding for best management practices under the President's Initiative for Water Quality and then under the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP). After 11 years of study there was little evidence to suggest that water quality improved in one area. Three and a half years of study in the other area showed little evidence of consistent water quality improvement under EQIP. Lack of consistent water quality improvement at the catchment scale does not imply that the voluntary programs were failures. Increased livestock numbers as a result of successful changes in forage management practices may have overridden water quality improvements achieved through best management practices. Practices that target well defined contributing areas significantly impacting aquifer water quality might be one way to improve water quality at catchment scales in karst basins. For example, a significant decrease in fecal coliform concentrations was observed in subterranean drainage from one targeted sinkhole after dairy cattle were permanently excluded from the sinkhole. C1 USDA, ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Boyer, DG (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM Doug.Boyer@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 BP 291 EP 300 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03735.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 924NP UT WOS:000228985800005 ER PT J AU Singh, J Knapp, HV Arnold, JG Demissie, M AF Singh, J Knapp, HV Arnold, JG Demissie, M TI Hydrological modeling of the iroquois river watershed using HSPF and SWAT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AWRA Spring Specialty Conference on Agricultural Hydrology and Water Quality CY MAY, 2003 CL Kansas City, MO SP Amer Water Resources Assoc DE watershed management; hydrologic cycle; nonpoint source pollution; surface water; modeling; agriculture ID AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; SIMULATION; STREAMFLOW; RECHARGE; BASIN AB The performance of two popular watershed scale simulation models - HSPF and SWAT - were evaluated for simulating the hydrology of the 5,568 km(2) Iroquois River watershed in Illinois and Indiana. This large, tile drained agricultural watershed provides distinctly different conditions for model comparison in contrast to previous studies. Both models were calibrated for a nine-year period (1987 through 1995) and verified using an independent 15-year period (1972 through 1986) by comparing simulated and observed daily, monthly, and annual streamflow. The characteristics of simulated flows from both models are mostly similar to each other and to observed flows, particularly for the calibration results. SWAT predicts flows slightly better than HSPF for the verification period, with the primary advantage being better simulation of low flows. A noticeable difference in the models' hydrologic simulation relates to the estimation of potential evapotranspiration (PET). Comparatively low PET values provided as input to HSPF from the BASINS 3.0 database may be a factor in HSPF's overestimation of low flows. Another factor affecting baseflow simulation is the presence of tile drains in the watershed. HSPF parameters can be adjusted to indirectly account for the faster subsurface flow associated with tile drains, but there is no specific tile drainage component in HSPF as there is in SWAT. Continued comparative studies such as this, under a variety of hydrologic conditions and watershed scales, provide needed guidance to potential users in model selection and application. C1 Illinois State Water Survey, Peoria, IL 61602 USA. Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Illinois State Water Survey, Ctr Watershed Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Singh, J (reprint author), Illinois State Water Survey, 1320 SW Monarch St, Peoria, IL 61602 USA. EM jsingh@sws.uiuc.edu NR 34 TC 88 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 BP 343 EP 360 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03740.x PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 924NP UT WOS:000228985800010 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, MS Gerard-Marchant, P Veith, TL Gburek, WJ Steenhuis, TS AF Srinivasan, MS Gerard-Marchant, P Veith, TL Gburek, WJ Steenhuis, TS TI Watershed scale modeling of critical source areas of runoff generation and phosphorus transport SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AWRA Spring Specialty Conference on Agricultural Hydrology and Water Quality CY MAY, 2003 CL Kansas City, MO SP Amer Water Resources Assoc DE watershed modeling; phosphorus transport; precipitation; runoff; SWAT; SMDR; saturation maps ID EXTRACTABLE SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; POULTRY LITTER; SURFACE RUNOFF; SWAT AB A curve number based model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), and a physically based model, Soil Moisture Distribution and Routing (SMDR), were applied in a headwater watershed in Pennsylvania to identify runoff generation areas, as runoff areas have been shown to be critical for phosphorus management. SWAT performed better than SMDR in simulating daily streamflows over the four-year simulation period (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient: SWAT, 0.62; SMDR, 0.33). Both models varied streamflow simulations seasonally as precipitation and watershed conditions varied. However, levels of agreement between simulated and observed flows were not consistent over seasons. SMDR, a variable source area based model, needs further improvement in model formulations to simulate large peak flows as observed. SWAT simulations matched the majority of observed peak flow events. SMDR overpredicted annual flow volumes, while SWAT underpredicted the same. Neither model routes runoff over the landscape to water bodies, which is critical to surface transport of phosphorus. SMDR representation of the watershed as grids may allow targeted management of phosphorus sources. SWAT representation of fields as hydrologic response units (HRUs) does not allow such targeted management. C1 USDA, ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Srinivasan, MS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702 Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mss147@psu.edu RI Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009; Veith, Tamie/H-4911-2011 NR 30 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 BP 361 EP 375 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03741.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 924NP UT WOS:000228985800011 ER PT J AU Garen, DC Moore, DS AF Garen, DC Moore, DS TI Curve number hydrology in water quality modeling: Uses, abuses, and future directions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE nonpoint source pollution; curve number; hydrologic modeling; water quality; agricultural hydrology; geographic information systems ID EFFECTIVE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITIES; SOURCE POLLUTION MODEL; SOIL-EROSION; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; GREEN-AMPT; RUNOFF GENERATION; RIVER-BASIN; SWAT MODEL; AREAS; PHOSPHORUS AB Although the curve number method of the Natural Resources Conservation Service has been used as the foundation of the hydrology algorithms in many nonpoint source water quality models, there are significant problematic issues with the way it has been implemented and interpreted that are not generally recognized. This usage is based on misconceptions about the meaning of the runoff value that the method computes, which is a likely fundamental cause of uncertainty in subsequent erosion and pollutant loading predictions dependent on this value. As a result, there are some major limitations on the conclusions and decisions about the effects of management practices on water quality that can be supported with current nonpoint source water quality models. They also cannot supply the detailed quantitative and spatial information needed to address emerging issues. A key prerequisite for improving model predictions is to improve the hydrologic algorithms contained within them. The use of the curve number method is still appropriate for flood hydrograph engineering applications, but more physically based algorithms that simulate all streamflow generating processes are needed for nonpoint source water quality modeling. Spatially distributed hydrologic modeling has tremendous potential in achieving this goal. C1 USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Sci, Natl Water & Climate Ctr, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Garen, DC (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Sci, Natl Water & Climate Ctr, 101 SW Main St,Suite 1600, Portland, OR 97204 USA. EM David.Garen@usda.gov NR 65 TC 107 Z9 109 U1 2 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 BP 377 EP 388 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03742.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 924NP UT WOS:000228985800012 ER PT J AU Frankie, GW Rizzardi, M Vinson, SB Griswold, TL Ronchi, P AF Frankie, GW Rizzardi, M Vinson, SB Griswold, TL Ronchi, P TI Changing bee composition and frequency on a flowering legume, Andira inermis (Wright) Kunth ex DC. During El Nino and La Nina years (1997-1999) in Northwestern Costa Rica SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE solitary bees; oil bees; oil flowers; African honey bees; pollinator decline; seasonal dry forest; El Nino; La Nina; plant phenology; intraspecific variation; habitat destruction; climate change ID DRY FOREST; HABITAT PREFERENCES; SOLITARY BEES; CENTRIS BEES; HONEY-BEE; CONSERVATION; HYMENOPTERA; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; AFRICAN AB In 1999, bees were sampled from several flowering individuals of the leguminous tree, Andira inermis (Papilionoideae), at two sites in northwestern Guanacaste Province of Costa Rica. One site, city outskirts of Liberia, was experiencing steady encroachment of human development, whereas the other was a moderately impacted cattle ranch/wildland area near the small town of Bagaces. A standardized method was employed to sample the bees, which had been used previously in 1996 in the same tree populations at the same two sites (Frankie et al., 1997). Results of the 1999 samples were compared with those taken in 1996 to examine possible changes in bee diversity and abundance. During this three-year period, El Nino and La Nina climatic events had occurred back-to-back, and this combination of weather patterns provided an opportunity to evaluate possible short-term changes in the bee taxa that use A. inermis as one of their preferred host plants. Other bee host plants at both sites were also surveyed for seasonal flowering, the results of which formed a broader context for assessing the A. inermis bee samples. The comparison revealed the follwing. 1) The composition of bees had changed with reductions in large bees from 1996 to 1999; most noticeably some anthophorids and especially Centris and Epicharis. Africanized honey bees and smaller bee taxa remained about the same in composition and overall abundance. 2) During El Nino and La Nina years from mid 1997 through early 1999, the flowering of key resources for large bees, especially Byrsonima crassifolia, was substantially delayed (and sometimes reduced) to the point where building and provisioning of bee nests was likely reduced, which apparently led to declines in large bee taxa. Other possible causes of decline, including increasing agricultural development in the region, are also discussed. 3) Intertree variation in attraction of bees to A. inermis was documented in both 1999 and 1996, but persistence of this variable attraction on the same individual trees could be only partially evaluated in 1999. The flowering pattern(s) of individual A. inermis trees has proved to be highly variable within and between the two study sites. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Nat Resources, Div Insect Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Math, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. APDO 6, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. RP Frankie, GW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Nat Resources, Div Insect Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Frankie@nature.berkeley.edu; tgris@biology.usu.edu; boraginaceae@hotmail.com NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 78 IS 2 BP 100 EP 117 DI 10.2317/0402.23.1 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 935CE UT WOS:000229755900002 ER PT J AU Rintoul, DA Krueger, LM Woodard, C Throne, JE AF Rintoul, DA Krueger, LM Woodard, C Throne, JE TI Carrion beetles (Coleoptera : Silphidae) of the Konza Prairie Biological Station SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Silphidae; Konza Prairie Biological Station; Nicrophorus marginatus; seasonal occurrence; pitfall trap ID KANSAS AB Pitfall traps were used to determine diversity, seasonality, and numbers of burying beetles on the Konza Prairie Biological Station (KPBS) during the Summers of 1997 and 1998. Traps were baited with either beef liver (1997) or whole mouse carcasses (1997 and 1998); significantly more carrion beetles were found in traps baited with carcasses. A total of 1003 carrion beetles, representing 8 species, were trapped over the course of 1556 trap nights. One of these species, Necrophila americana Linneaus, had not previously been recorded in Riley County. One additional species was found at sites where pitfall trap bait was discarded, bringing the total number of KPBS silphid species to 9. Bait age was an important determinant in attracting silphids to pitfall traps, as numbers of beetles in the trap continued to increase with bait age up to 6 days. Grassland topography (upland vs. lowland trap sites) significantly affected the numbers of carrion beetles trapped. Grassland burn history did not affect number of carrion beetles trapped, but did seem to influence species diversity. C1 Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Rintoul, DA (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM drintoul@ksu.edu NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 78 IS 2 BP 124 EP 133 DI 10.2317/0305.06.1 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 935CE UT WOS:000229755900004 ER PT J AU Norden, BB Webb, RE McCardle, PW White, GB AF Norden, BB Webb, RE McCardle, PW White, GB TI A new fixing technique using rice vinegar prior to mosquito dissection (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE fixative; mosquito dissection; rice vinegar ID FORMALDEHYDE INDUSTRIES; MORTALITY; WORKERS C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Webb, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 78 IS 2 BP 189 EP 191 DI 10.2317/0406.07.1 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 935CE UT WOS:000229755900015 ER PT J AU Elliott, KJ Vose, JM AF Elliott, KJ Vose, JM TI Effects of understory prescribed burning on shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.)/mixed-hardwood forests SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE prescribed fire; Quercus; Pinus virginiana; biodiversity; vegetation dynamics; bluestem-grass ID UNEVEN-AGED STANDS; HARDWOOD FOREST; FIRE FREQUENCY; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; MISSOURI OZARKS; UNITED-STATES; OAK SAVANNA; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS AB We examined the effects of a single dormant season fire on overstory and understory species diversity and composition and tree seedling regeneration patterns the first and second years following a prescribed burn in the Conasauga River Watershed of southeastern Tennessee and northern Georgia. We asked: Can a single dormant season fire initiate a trajectory of overstory and understory species change consistent with restoring Pinus echinata/mixed-oak/bluestem (Andropogon gyrans and Schizachyrium scoparium)-grass community types? Six sub-watersheds (similar in vegetation, soil type, stream size, and disturbance history) were located within the Conasauga River Watershed; four of the sites were burned in March 2001, and two sites were designated as controls. Within each site, vegetation was measured in layers: the overstory layer (trees >= 5.0-cm DBH), the midstory layer (woody stems < 5.0-cm DBH and 0.5 m height), and the ground flora layer (woody stems < 0.5-m height and all herbaceous species). All plots were sampled before the prescribed burn (Sept. 2000) and after the burn in July of 2001 and 2002. Consistent with the goals of the land managers, all the prescribed fires resulted in low-to-moderate intensity and low severity fires. However, we found no significant change in overstory, midstory, or ground flora species diversity after burning. We found no regeneration of P. echinata seedlings after the prescribed fire. Although fire reduced basal area of woody species in the midstory, prolific sprouting from hardwoods resulted in higher density of fire-sensitive hardwoods such as Acer rubrum, Oxydendrum arboretum, and Nyssa sylvatica. Density of Pinus strobus, an undesirable species, was reduced by 20 % and its basal area was reduced by 50 % after the burn. Overstory mortality occurred in small size class hardwoods as a result of the fire, but most of the mortality occurred in P. echinata and P. virginiana Miller due to infestation with pine bark beetles. The prescribed fires were not of sufficient intensity to: reduce overstory basal area, prepare a seedbed for successful pine germination, affect diversity of any of the vegetation layers, or promote A. gyrans and S. scoparium recruitment. Thus, additional fire treatments or a combination of fire and thinning treatments will be necessary to restore these ecosystems to P. echinata/mixed-oak/bluestern grass community types. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Elliott, KJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, 3160 Coweeta Lab Rd, Otto, NC 28763 USA. EM kelliott@fs.fed.us NR 71 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 18 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1095-5674 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 132 IS 2 BP 236 EP 251 DI 10.3159/1095-5674(2005)132[236:EOUPBO]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 960OG UT WOS:000231602400007 ER PT J AU Gimeno, IM Witter, RL Hunt, HD Reddy, SA Lee, LF Silva, RF AF Gimeno, IM Witter, RL Hunt, HD Reddy, SA Lee, LF Silva, RF TI The pp38 gene of Marek's disease virus (MDV) is necessary for cytolytic infection of B cells and maintenance of the transformed state but not for cytolytic infection of the feather follicle epithelium and horizontal spread of MDV SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TURKEY HERPESVIRUS; VIRAL HOMOLOG; BCL-2; DEATH; ANTIGENS; PROTEINS; GENOME AB Marek's disease virus has a unique phosphoprotein, pp38, which is suspected to play an important role in Marek's disease pathogenesis. The objective of the present study was to utilize a mutant virus lacking the pp38 gene (rMd5 Delta pp38) to better characterize the biological function of pp38. This work shows that the pp38 gene is necessary to establish cytolytic infection in B cells but not in feather follicle epithelium, to produce an adequate level of latently infected T cells, and to maintain the transformed status in vivo. C1 USDA, ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Silva, RF (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM silvar@msu.edu NR 21 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 79 IS 7 BP 4545 EP 4549 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.7.4545-4549.2005 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 907UO UT WOS:000227743700066 PM 15767457 ER PT J AU Bautista, EA Ferman, GS Gregg, D Brum, MCS Grubman, MJ Golde, WT AF Bautista, EA Ferman, GS Gregg, D Brum, MCS Grubman, MJ Golde, WT TI Constitutive expression of alpha interferon by skin dendritic cells confers resistance to infection by foot-and-mouth disease virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHAIN-REACTION ASSAY; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; LANGERHANS CELLS; I INTERFERON; REAL-TIME; INTEGRIN ALPHA(V)BETA(3); LEADER PROTEIN; GREAT-BRITAIN; ORGAN-CULTURE AB The role of dendritic cells (DC) in the initiation of immune responses against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is poorly understood. We analyzed the innate response of freshly isolated swine skin DC to the virus and show a rapid induction of beta interferon (IFN-beta) mRNA but not IFN-alpha mRNA. However, these DC secreted both IFN-alpha and IFN-beta proteins in response to live virus but not killed virus. Furthermore, the surface expression of swine major histocompatibility complex class II (SLA II) or CD80/CD86 molecules and antigen processing functions were not affected by FMDV exposure. Given the demonstrated sensitivity of FMDV to IFN-alpha/beta, there was no productive or nonproductive infection of these cells. Finally, freshly isolated skin DC constitutively expressed intracellular IFN-alpha protein in the absence of stimulation, with no detectable secretion of the cytokine until virus exposure. In situ analysis of these DC showed that these cells express and store IFN-alpha in uninfected animals. This is the first demonstration of the constitutive expression of IFN-alpha in resident, tissue-derived DC and indicates that skin DC can play an important role in the innate immune response of swine to viral infections. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foot & Mouth Res Unit, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Golde, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foot & Mouth Res Unit, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM wgolde@piadc.ars.usda.gov NR 66 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 79 IS 8 BP 4838 EP 4847 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.8.4838-4847.2005 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 912JJ UT WOS:000228073700028 PM 15795269 ER PT J AU Block, WM Ganey, JL Scott, PE King, R AF Block, WM Ganey, JL Scott, PE King, R TI Prey ecology of Mexican spotted owls in pine-oak forests of northern Arizona SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE brush mouse; deer mouse; diet; habitat selection; Mexican spotted owl; Mexican woodrat; Neotoma mexicana; north-central Arizona; Peromyscus boylii; P. maniculatus; ponderosa pine-Gambel oak forest; prey abundance; prey habitat; Strix occidentalis lucida ID HOME-RANGE SIZE; HABITAT SELECTION; ROOST SITES; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; PATTERNS; DIET AB We studied Mexican spotted owl (Strix occidentalis lucida) diets and the relative abundance and habitat associations of major prey species in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)-Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii) forest in north-central Arizona, USA, from 1990 to 1993. The owl's diet was comprised of 94% mammals by biomass and consisted of primarily the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), brush mouse (P boylii), Mexican woodrat (Neotoma mexicana), and Mexican vole (Microtus mexicanus). Spotted owl prey in our study area were smaller on average than prey in other locations, and the total biomass of potential prey was less than that reported in other areas within the owl's geographic range. Although all prey populations exhibited seasonal fluctuations in relative abundance, only the deer mouse exhibited significant temporal variation in population abundance. The general pattern was for prey populations to rise during spring, peak during summer, decline in fall, and reach a winter low. Deer mice exhibited the greatest amplitude in population change as evidenced by the shift from a high of 12.2 mice/ha (SE = 2.3) during summer 1991 to a low of 3.3 mice/ha (SE = 0.7) during winter 1991-1992. Woodrats and brush mice used areas on slopes > 20 degrees with relatively more rocks and shrub cover than found in other areas. In contrast, deer mice were found in forests with relatively open understories and little Gambel oak. Conservation measures for the Mexican spotted owl must include management directed at sustaining or increasing prey numbers rather than assuming that managing for owl nesting and roosting habitat will provide favorable conditions for the prey as well. Management practices that increase and sustain shrub and herbaceous vegetation should receive the highest priority. This can be accomplished by thinning small diameter trees, using prescribed fire, and managing grazing pressures. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Block, WM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 S Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM wblock@fs.fed.us NR 56 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 58 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2005 VL 69 IS 2 BP 618 EP 629 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[0618:PEOMSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 955CW UT WOS:000231203700016 ER PT J AU Abbott, CW Dabbert, CB Lucia, DR Mitchell, RB AF Abbott, CW Dabbert, CB Lucia, DR Mitchell, RB TI Does muscular damage during capture and handling handicap radiomarked northern bobwhites? SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE capture myopathy; Colinus virginianus; northern bobwhite; selenium; southern high plains; survival; Texas; transplantation; vitamin E ID WHITE MUSCLE DISEASE; VITAMIN-E; PHYSICAL EXERCISE; CREATINE-KINASE; MYOPATHY; WILD; SELENIUM; TURKEYS; ENZYMES AB Northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) are captured routinely for scientific study. Extreme exertion during restraint and transport can lead to acidosis and free radical production that result in muscle tissue damage. This condition, termed capture myopathy, can result in dyspnea, hyperthermia, weakness, muscle rigidity, and collapse. These complications could lead to increased susceptibility of individuals to predation or contribute to death weeks or months after capture. Death caused by capture could negatively bias mortality rate estimates if mortalities occur after traditional censor periods. We hypothesize that muscular damage incurred during capture handicaps northern bobwhites. We evaluated our hypothesis by comparing survival of northern bobwhite that were treated for muscular damage with an injection of vitamin E and selenium, a solution recommended in veterinary avian medicine, with bobwhites that were not treated. We captured northern bobwhite during 2002 and 2003 and injected half of the birds with 0.1 ml of a vitamin E and selenium solution and the other half with a saline control. We then transported these birds to our study site and monitored them using radiotelemetry. We estimated survival rates using the staggered-entry Kaplan-Meier Product Limit Estimator. The survival of treated birds was greater than the survival of control birds in 2002 at days 45 (58% vs. 29%, Z = 1.98, P = 0.05) and 66 (53% vs. 29%, Z = 1.79, P = 0.07), a period before and after which sample sizes were very small. Treated birds exhibited a greater (chi(2) = 7.11, P < 0.008) survival curve than control birds during 2003 and when treatments were pooled by year (chi(2) = 4.19, P = 0.04). Thus, our data suggest that injection of wild northern bobwhite with vitamin E and selenium increased survival of transplanted birds as compared to control birds injected with saline. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Abbott, CW (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Mail Stop 2125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM brad.dabbert@ttu.edu NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2005 VL 69 IS 2 BP 664 EP 670 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[0664:DMDDCA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 955CW UT WOS:000231203700021 ER PT J AU Menon, V Wang, XL Greene, T Beck, GJ Kusek, JW Selhub, J Levey, AS Sarnak, MJ AF Menon, V Wang, XL Greene, T Beck, GJ Kusek, JW Selhub, J Levey, AS Sarnak, MJ TI Homocysteine in chronic kidney disease: Effect of low protein diet and repletion with B vitamins SO KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE chronic kidney disease; homocysteine; vitamin supplementation; low protein diet ID STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION-RATE; TOTAL PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; FOLIC-ACID; HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; DIALYSIS PATIENTS; VASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK-FACTOR AB Background. Data are limited on the determinants of homocysteine (tHcy) and its relationship with nutritional indices, and dietary protein intake, in the earlier stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods. Levels of tHcy were assayed at baseline (N= 804) and 1 year postrandomization (N= 678) in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study [study A, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 25 to 55 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and study B GFR 13 to 24 mL/min/1.73 m(2)]. Participants were randomly assigned to different blood pressure targets and protein diets and all subjects received a multivitamin supplement containing 1 mg of folic acid, 10 mg pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and 6 mu g of vitamin B-12. Multivariable analyses were used to evaluate determinants of tHcy at baseline and 1 year. Results. The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (tHcy > 15 mu mol/L) at baseline was 56% in study A and 85% in study B. Baseline tHcy was negatively correlated with measures of body fat and dietary protein intake. Folate, vitamin B-12, and GFR were the major determinants of tHcy levels. Of the patients with hyperhomocysteinemia at baseline, 49% and 24% reduced their tHcy levels at 1 year to <= 15 mu mol/L in study A and study B, respectively. There was no association between dietary protein intake and odds of developing hyperhomocysteinemia at 1 year in study A (P= 0.94) or study B (P= 0.10). Conclusion. Hyperhomocysteinemia is partly amenable to correction by vitamin supplementation in CKD stages 3 and 4. There is insufficient evidence to suggest that low tHcy is associated with poor nutritional status in the MDRD Study cohort. B vitamins and GFR, but not dietary protein, are the major determinants of tHcy in this patient population. C1 Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. RP Sarnak, MJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, 750 Washington St,NEMC 391, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM msarnak@tufts-nemc.org FU NIDDK NIH HHS [UO1 DK 35073, K23 DK02904] NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0085-2538 J9 KIDNEY INT JI Kidney Int. PD APR PY 2005 VL 67 IS 4 BP 1539 EP 1546 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00234.x PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 905UR UT WOS:000227596500036 PM 15780109 ER PT J AU Kie, JG Ager, AA Bowyer, RT AF Kie, JG Ager, AA Bowyer, RT TI Landscape-level movements of North American elk (Cervus elaphus): effects of habitat patch structure and topography SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th World Congress of the International-Association-for-Landscape-Ecology (IALE) CY JUL 13-17, 2003 CL Darwin, AUSTRALIA SP Int Assoc Landscape Ecol DE dendritic; habitat; landscape structure; movements; North American elk; patch ID ROCKY-MOUNTAIN ELK; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; MULE DEER; ROOSEVELT ELK; RANDOM-WALK; HOME-RANGE; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR; MODELS; DISPLACEMENT AB We examined movements of North American elk (Cervus elaphus) in northeastern Oregon, USA. Movement vectors at 449 locations over a 7762 ha area were calculated based on 16,724 sequential observations of 94 female elk-year combinations during spring (15 April-14 May) 1993, 1995, 1996. We calculated movement vectors at the start of morning and evening feeding bouts (0500, 1900 h) and during periods of least activity (0 100, 1500 h). Here, we measured characteristics of habitat patches (habitat type, mean patch size, coefficient of variation in patch size, edge density, mean shape index, and mean nearest neighbor) at two levels of habitat grain (eight habitat types, two habitat types) and at three spatial scales (250, 500, and 1000 m) around each movement vector. We also measured topographic features around each vector including distance to nearest stream, direction of drainage, elevation, slope, and convexity (a measure of ridge top vs. valley bottom land form). We used mixed models adjusted for positive spatial correlation among vectors to examine the relationship between vector length, or speed of movement, and habitat patch characteristics, and between vector direction and topographic features. Speed of movements by elk were not related to characteristics of habitat patches that we measured. The direction of movement, however, was dependent on topography. Elk were more likely to move parallel to major drainages than perpendicular to them. Furthermore, elk were less likely to move perpendicular to drainages when close to the nearest stream, in valley bottoms vs. ridge tops, and on steep slopes. The dendritic nature of movements by elk with respect to topography may help elucidate ecosystem processes such as nutrient flows, nutrient cycling, and successional trajectories of plant communities. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Kie, JG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM jkie@fs.fed.us NR 66 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 289 EP 300 DI 10.1007/s10980-005-3165-3 PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 963RU UT WOS:000231824400004 ER PT J AU Lu, RF Peng, YK AF Lu, RF Peng, YK TI Multispectral scattering measures fruit texture SO LASER FOCUS WORLD LA English DT Article ID APPLE FRUIT; FIRMNESS C1 USDA, ARS, Dept Agr Agr Res Serv, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Lu, RF (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Dept Agr Agr Res Serv, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM lur@msu.edu NR 6 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO PI NASHUA PA 98 SPIT BROOK RD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 USA SN 0740-2511 J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD JI Laser Focus World PD APR PY 2005 VL 41 IS 4 BP 99 EP + PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 921BS UT WOS:000228739800031 ER PT J AU Kaplan, ML Huffman, AW Lux, KM Cetola, JD Charney, JJ Riordan, AJ Lin, YL Waight, KT AF Kaplan, ML Huffman, AW Lux, KM Cetola, JD Charney, JJ Riordan, AJ Lin, YL Waight, KT TI Characterizing the severe turbulence environments associated with commercial aviation accidents. Part 2: Hydrostatic mesoscale numerical simulations of supergradient wind flow and streamwise ageostrophic frontogenesis SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLEAR-AIR TURBULENCE; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; AIRCRAFT; VICINITY; SYSTEMS AB Simulation experiments reveal key processes that organize a hydrostatic environment conducive to severe turbulence. The paradigm requires the juxtaposition of the entrance region of a curved jet streak, which is highly subgeostrophic, with the entrance region of a straight jet streak, which is highly supergeostrophic. The wind and mass fields become mis-phased as the entrance regions converge, resulting in significant spatial variation of inertial forcing, centripetal forcing, as well as along and cross-stream pressure gradient forcing over a meso-beta scale region. Maxima of these forces are misphased where the two dissimilar jet streaks converge and geostrophic balance is disrupted. Velocity divergence within the subgeostrophic region of largest upstream-directed pressure gradient force and velocity convergence near the region of largest downstream-directed centripetal/inertial-advective forcing act to produce a mesoscale front due to spatially varying confluent flow flanked by zones of increasing velocity divergence. This results in frontogenesis as well as the along-stream divergence of cyclonic and convergence of cyclonic ageostrophic vertical vorticity. The nonuniform centripetally forced mesoscale front becomes the locus of large gradients of ageostrophic vertical vorticity along an overturning isentrope. This region becomes favorable for streamwise vorticity gradient formation enhancing the environment for the organization of horizontal vortex tubes in the presence of buoyant forcing. This is because the mesoscale convergence of vertical vorticity on an overturning isentropic surface creates vertical rotation for the development of horizontal vorticity in regions where isentropic surfaces overturn. Vorticity, shear, and buoyancy are focused in one location by this front thus favoring an environment favorable for microvortex formation leading to turbulence. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. MESO Inc, Raleigh, NC USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Lin, YL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM yl_lin@ncsu.edu NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD APR PY 2005 VL 88 IS 3-4 BP 153 EP 173 DI 10.1007/s00703-004-0079-6 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 931ID UT WOS:000229478100003 ER PT J AU Carlson, SA McCuddin, ZP Wu, MT AF Carlson, SA McCuddin, ZP Wu, MT TI SlyA regulates the collagenase-mediated cytopathic phenotype in multiresistant Salmonella SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; antibiotic resistance; cytopathic; DT104 ID SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM DT104; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION; VIRULENCE; DNA; MACROPHAGES; INFECTION AB Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium phagetype DT104 (DT104) is a foodborne pathogen with a multiresistant phenotype conferred by a genomic-based integron structure designated as SGI1. Recently, a novel cytopathic phenotype was ascribed to several isolates of DT104 recovered from veal calves. This phenotype is dependent upon clg, a gene encoding a collagenase in Salmonella. Using a novel transposon system and an RT-PCR assay for detection of clg expression, we identified SlyA as a regulator of the collagenase-mediated phenotype. The function of SlyA, in regards to clg expression, is to repress the synthesis of Clg. Derepression ensued in the absence of SlyA or in the presence of a truncated version of SlyA with the latter being relevant for maintenance of another virulence aspect mediated by SlyA, i.e. survival within macrophages. The SlyA-mediated effect on clg expression was restricted to DT104 and other Salmonella phagetypes and serotypes possessing SGI1 thus suggesting co-regulation by an SGI1-specific component. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Carlson, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Rd,Box 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM scarlson@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD APR PY 2005 VL 38 IS 4 BP 181 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.micpath.2005.01.004 PG 7 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 918CH UT WOS:000228515700005 PM 15797813 ER PT J AU Sacks, BN Mitchell, BR Williams, CL Ernest, HB AF Sacks, BN Mitchell, BR Williams, CL Ernest, HB TI Coyote movements and social structure along a cryptic population genetic subdivision SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; coyote; dispersal; gene flow; habitat; microsatellites ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; CANIS-LATRANS; DOMESTIC DOG; CALIFORNIA; DISPERSAL; PREDATION; INFERENCE; ECOLOGY; SHEEP; LYNX AB A recent region-wide study determined that the central California coyote (Canis latrans) population was genetically subdivided according to habitat bioregions, supporting the hypothesis that coyotes exhibit a dispersal bias toward their natal habitat type. Here, we further investigated this hypothesis using radio-collared coyotes captured on a 150-km(2) study site on the border of (i.e. overlapping) two bioregions (Great Valley and Cascade Mountains). As predicted, most coyotes were assigned (based on a priori genetic criteria) to genetic clusters corresponding to one of these two bioregions. All of those assigned to the Great Valley genetic cluster were caught in (and for the most part, remained in) the Great Valley bioregion. However, contrary to expectations, the coyotes assigned to the Cascades genetic cluster occurred commonly in both bioregions. Nearly all resident individuals on the study site, regardless of the particular bioregion, were assigned to the Cascades genetic cluster, whereas a sizable fraction of nonresident (transient or dispersing) coyotes caught in the Great Valley bioregion were assigned to the Great Valley cluster. Even among resident coyotes, interrelatedness of packs was greater within than between bioregions, and packs with territories overlapping both bioregions were more closely related to those with territories completely within the Cascades bioregion than territories completely within the Great Valley bioregion. Finally, direct estimates indicated that gene flow was twice as high from the Cascades bioregion to the Great Valley bioregion than in the reverse direction. Collectively, these findings reveal the anatomy of the genetic subdivision as beginning abruptly at the bioregion boundary and ending diffusely within the Great Valley bioregion. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife & Ecol Unit, Vet Genet Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Managment, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Sacks, BN (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife & Ecol Unit, Vet Genet Lab, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM bnsacks@ucdavis.edu OI /0000-0002-0205-8818 NR 33 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1241 EP 1249 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02473.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 907MJ UT WOS:000227721900027 PM 15773950 ER PT J AU Jurjevic, Z Wilson, DM Wilson, JP Geiser, DM Juba, JH Mubatanhema, W Widstrom, NW Rains, GC AF Jurjevic, Z Wilson, DM Wilson, JP Geiser, DM Juba, JH Mubatanhema, W Widstrom, NW Rains, GC TI Fusarium species of the Gibberella fujiikuroi complex and fumonisin contamination of pearl millet and corn in Georgia, USA SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE corn; fumonisins; Fusarium; G. fujikuroi; mating population; pearl millet; Pennisetum glaucum; Zea mays ID MONILIFORME; FUJIKUROI; GRAIN; CEREALS AB This study was designed to identify and compare the Fusarium species of the Gibberella fujikuroi complex on pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br) and corn (Zea mays L.) crops grown in southern Georgia, and to determine their influence on potential fumonisin production. Pearl millet and corn samples were collected in Georgia in 1996, 1997 and 1998. Three percent of the pearl millet seeds had fungi similar to the Fusarium species of the G. fujikuroi species complex. One hundred and nineteen representative isolates visually similar to the G. fujikuroi species complex from pearl millet were paired with mating population A (Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg), mating population D (F. proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg) and mating population F (F. thapsinum (Klittich, Leslie, Nelson and Marasas) tester strains. Successful crosses were obtained with 50.4%, 10.1% and 0.0% of these isolates with the A, D and F tester strains, while 39.5% of the isolates did not form perithecia with any tester strains. Two of the typical infertile isolates were characterized by DNA sequence comparisons and were identified as Fusarium pseudonygamai (Nirenberg and O'Donnell), which is the first known isolation of this species in the United States. Based on the pattern of cross-compatibility, conidiogenesis, colony characteristics and media pigmentation, a majority of the infertile isolates belong to this species. Fumonisins FB(1) and FB(2) were not detected in any of the 81 pearl millet samples analyzed. The species of the G. fujikuroi species complex were dominant in corn and were isolated from 84%, 74% and 65% of the seed in 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively. Representative species of the G. fujikuroi species complex were isolated from 1996 to 1998 Georgia corn survey (162, 104 and I I I isolates, respectively) and tested for mating compatibility. The incidence of isolates belonging to mating population A (F. verticillioides) ranged from 70.2% to 89.5%. Corn survey samples were assayed for fumonisins, and 63% to 91% of the 1996, 1997 and 1998 samples were contaminated. The total amount of fumonisins in the corn samples ranged from 0.6 to 33.3 mu g/g. C1 Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA USA. USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Wilson, DM (reprint author), Dept Plant Pathol, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM dwilson@tiftoii.uga.edu RI Geiser, David/J-9950-2013 NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD APR PY 2005 VL 159 IS 3 BP 401 EP 406 DI 10.1007/s11046-004-1050-2 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 924TU UT WOS:000229004100013 PM 15883726 ER PT J AU Bath, AK Torres, MS Samuels, GJ White, JF AF Bath, AK Torres, MS Samuels, GJ White, JF TI Morphology and species identification of a Hypocrella species (GenBank accession # U47832) SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article DE ascomycetes; taxonomy; systematics AB GenBank accession U47832, Hypocrella sp., has been used in numerous phylogenetic studies involving ascomycetes but has not been identified to species previously. We have examined the specimen from which the sequence was obtained and have identified it as Hypocrella nectrioides (Ascomycetes, Hypocreales, Clavicipitaceae). It is one of only two species of Hypocrella for which sequences are deposited in GenBank. Except fora brief description by Petch (1921) structural features of H. nectrioides have not been previously published. We document the morphology of the teleomorph and anamorph of this poorly known species. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Cook Coll, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. USDA, ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bath, AK (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Cook Coll, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. EM Jwhite@aesop.rutgers.edu RI White, James/C-2280-2009 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USA SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 92 BP 97 EP 102 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 945YF UT WOS:000230538200009 ER PT J AU Gams, W Rossman, AY AF Gams, W Rossman, AY TI What is Oospora oryzetorum? SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article DE rice pathogen AB Oospora oryzetorum was described in 1916 on rice glumes but has never been seen since then. Specimens labeled as this fungus all apparently from the original collection were examined. The only structures on these specimens that could be interpreted as this fungus are starch granules originating from the host. It is concluded that these structures of plant origin were mistakenly described as this fungus and that Oospora oryzetorum does not pose a threat to rice cultivation. C1 Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, NL-3508 AD Utrecht, Netherlands. USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gams, W (reprint author), Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, POB 85167, NL-3508 AD Utrecht, Netherlands. EM gams@cbs.knaw.nl; arossman@nt.ars-grin.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USA SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 92 BP 339 EP 340 PG 2 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 945YF UT WOS:000230538200036 ER PT J AU Clark, SL Hallgren, SW Stahle, DW Lynch, TB AF Clark, SL Hallgren, SW Stahle, DW Lynch, TB TI Characteristics of the Keystone Ancient Forest Preserve, an old-growth forest in the Cross Timbers of Oklahoma, USA SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE coarse woody debris; Cross Timbers forests; diameter distributions; growing area distributions; old-growth forests ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; DIAMETER DISTRIBUTIONS; UPLAND FORESTS; OAK FORESTS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; NORTHERN HARDWOODS; FINITE MIXTURE; MIXED-OAK; DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEMS AB The Cross Timbers forest ecosystem may contain some of the most extensive tracts of remnant old-growth forests in eastern North America, but has gone largely understudied and unprotected. We described three old-growth stands in a 50-ha old-growth forest located in the northeastern portion of the Cross Timbers region in Osage county, Oklahoma. All stands were dominated by two oak species, Quercus stellata (Wangenh.) and Q. marilandica (Muenchh), which were self-replacing under their own canopy. Age structure analysis revealed that Q. stellata has been continuously recruiting in each stand for over 200 years. Juniperus virginiana (L.) was rare in the overstory, but was the longest-lived species (> 400 years old). In one stand, this species may be increasing in abundance and we attribute this to a seed rain from surrounding cedar-invaded fields. Total coarse woody debris was relatively low (2.1-9.2 m(3)/ha) compared to other midwestern forests, probably due to the small stature of the dominant trees and recent occurrence of fire. Quercus stellata did not conform to traditional models of population structure for old-growth stands. The models could not account for the reduced aggregate crown area and tree density at smaller diameter classes. The lack of fit to traditional models of stand structure, that have been based on shade-tolerant late successional species, was indicative of the episodic recruitment processes of oaks, a shade-intolerant, early successional species. Results from this study expand traditional definitions of old growth and, thus, will heighten awareness for conserving these unique and unprotected ecosystems. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Forestry, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Clark, SL (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, POB 1387, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM stacyclark@fs.fed.us RI Hallgren, Stephen/A-2131-2013 NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD APR PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 165 EP 175 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 922DQ UT WOS:000228816700009 ER PT J AU Mize, R Evans, RE MacRoberts, BR MacRoberts, MH Rudolph, DC AF Mize, R Evans, RE MacRoberts, BR MacRoberts, MH Rudolph, DC TI Restoration of Pitcher plant bogs in Eastern texas, USA SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID LONGLEAF PINE SAVANNAS; FIRE FREQUENCY; FLORIDA; SHRUBS AB Pitcher plant bogs, also referred to as hillside seepage bogs or hillside bogs, are extremely restricted on the West Gulf Coastal Plain. The number and extent of extant bogs is in the low hundreds, comprising no more than a few thousand hectares of habitat. These bogs support a large number of plant species of significant conservation concern. Threats to existing bogs include: land use changes, silvicultural impacts, fire scarcity, vehicle damage, negative feral hog (Sus scrofa) impact, and ground water regime alterations. Two pitcher plant bogs on the Angelina National Forest were subjected to severe damage from vehicular impacts that eliminated herbaceous vegetation, disturbed the soil to substantial depths, and initiated severe erosion. A restoration effort that replaced lost soil, reduced erosion, and allowed subsequent revegetation was implemented. Approximately four years post-treatment, bogs are intact, soil erosion is controlled, revegetation is complete or progressing, and at least some species of conservation concern are present in the revegetated areas. These restoration projects have demonstrated that degraded pitcher plant bogs that have suffered severe damage due to vehicular impacts can be substantially restored if sufficient resources are available. However, pitcher plant bogs on the West Gulf Coastal Plain continue to be threatened by uncontrolled off-road vehicles and other impacts. The most insidious threat may be the widespread lack of sufficient fire required to preclude or reverse succession to communities dominated by woody vegetation and the subsequent loss of the herbaceous bog species. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Inst, USDA, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. US Forest Serv, Angelina Natl Forest, USDA, Zavalla, TX 75980 USA. NatureServe, Durham, NC 27712 USA. Bog Res, Shreveport, LA 71104 USA. RP Rudolph, DC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Inst, USDA, 506 Hayter St, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. EM crudolph01@fs.fed.us NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 14 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD APR PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 197 EP 201 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 922DQ UT WOS:000228816700013 ER PT J AU Wall, RJ Powell, AM Paape, MJ Kerr, DE Bannerman, DD Pursel, VG Wells, KD Talbot, N Hawk, HW AF Wall, RJ Powell, AM Paape, MJ Kerr, DE Bannerman, DD Pursel, VG Wells, KD Talbot, N Hawk, HW TI Genetically enhanced cows resist intramammary Staphylococcus aureus infection SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; TRANSGENIC GOATS; MAMMARY-GLAND; PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; INDUCED LACTATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE INSERTION; DAIRY-COWS; MILK; LYSOSTAPHIN AB Mastitis, the most consequential disease in dairy cattle, costs the US dairy industry billions of dollars annually. To test the feasibility of protecting animals through genetic engineering, transgenic cows secreting lysostaphin at concentrations ranging from 0.9 to 14 mg/ml in their milk were produced. In vitro assays demonstrated the milk's ability to kill Staphylococcus aureus. Intramammary infusions of S. aureus were administered to three transgenic and ten nontransgenic cows. Increases in milk somatic cells, elevated body temperatures and induced acute phase proteins, each indicative of infection, were observed in all of the nontransgenic cows but in none of the transgenic animals. Protection against S. aureus mastitis appears to be achievable with as little as 3 mg/ml of lysostaphin in milk. Our results indicate that genetic engineering can provide a viable tool for enhancing resistance to disease and improve the well-being of livestock. C1 ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Anim Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Wall, RJ (reprint author), ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bobwall@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 51 TC 162 Z9 193 U1 4 U2 28 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 23 IS 4 BP 445 EP 451 DI 10.1038/nbt1078 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 914AR UT WOS:000228197300027 PM 15806099 ER PT J AU Darwish, A Straus, DL Griffin, AR AF Darwish, A Straus, DL Griffin, AR TI Histologic evaluation of the safety of copper sulfate to channel catfish SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID POTASSIUM-PERMANGANATE; ACUTE TOXICITY; RAINBOW-TROUT; ICHTHYOPHTHIRIASIS; ALKALINITY; RESERVOIR; EFFICACY; HARDNESS; WATER; PH AB A histological study was done to evaluate the effect of waterborne exposures of copper sulfate (CuSO(4)) on channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Channel catfish were exposed daily for I I consecutive days to three concentrations of CuSO(4) representing one, three, and five times the recommended therapeutic level based on the total alkalinity. Fish were treated With CuSO(4) in water flow-through tanks at a flow rate of 0.633 L/min. More than half the Cu was flushed in 1 h, which is similar to the elimination rates in ponds (due to the rapid uptake of Cu by aquatic plants or algae and the binding to organic and inorganic material). All fish were clinically normal and no fish died during the experiment. All examined tissues were grossly and histologically normal as well. The absence of histological lesions was attributed to the brief daily exposure to copper and to moderate total alkalinity and total hardness of the well water used. The results of this study suggest that CuSO(4) is safe for channel catfish provided that the treatment applied is considered in relation to the total alkalinity of the water. Our study followed a protocol developed in cooperation with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, and was designed to support the data package required for the approval of CuSO(4) as an aquaculture therapeutant. C1 USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Darwish, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM adarwish@spa.ars.usda.gov RI Straus, David/A-9218-2009 NR 36 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD APR PY 2005 VL 67 IS 2 BP 122 EP 128 DI 10.1577/A04-036.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 925LE UT WOS:000229053800007 ER PT J AU Schrader, KK Tucker, CS Hanson, TR Gerard, PD Kingsbury, SK Rimando, AM AF Schrader, KK Tucker, CS Hanson, TR Gerard, PD Kingsbury, SK Rimando, AM TI Management of musty off-flavor in channel catfish from commercial ponds with weekly applications of copper sulfate SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID BLUE-GREEN-ALGA; OSCILLATORIA SP; 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; CYANOBACTERIA AB We evaluated the effectiveness of weekly low-dose applications of copper sulfate (0.12 mg of Cu/L of water) for reducing the prevalence of off-flavor in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus on commercial farms. The study was conducted over 3 years in ponds (3.2-8.4 ha) on two catfish farms in western Mississippi. Farm managers applied copper sulfate (0.5 mg of copper sulfate pentahydrate/L of water) weekly beginning in the late spring or early summer and continued until the water temperature dropped below 20&DEG; C. Water samples were collected from treated and untreated ponds approximately every 3 weeks during the application period and were monitored for levels of the musty compound 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), chlorophyll a, and phytoplankton community structure and abundance. In addition, channel catfish were caught from each study pond during the third year of the study and were checked for flavor. Levels of MIB and the abundance of the MIB-producing cyanobacterium Oscillatoria perornata were significantly lower in treated ponds than in control ponds at one farm, while numbers of green algae and diatoms at both farms were significantly higher in treated ponds than in control ponds. Also, fish flavor analysis indicated that the overall prevalence of all types of off-flavor was 50% lower in treated ponds than in control ponds. Based upon our results, weekly low-dose applications of copper sulfate appear to be beneficial in mitigating musty off-flavor problems in commercially produced channel catfish. Copper sulfate treatment reduced potential harvest delays by nearly half and reduced costs associated with off-flavor by 35%. However, the economic benefit of treatment was not statistically significant, although this result is probably attributable to the small data set used for economic analyses rather than ineffectiveness of treatment. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Expt Stat Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Schrader, KK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kchrader@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD APR PY 2005 VL 67 IS 2 BP 138 EP 147 DI 10.1577/A04-051.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 925LE UT WOS:000229053800010 ER PT J AU Denisova, NA Booth, SL AF Denisova, NA Booth, SL TI Vitamin K and sphingolipid metabolism: Evidence to date SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE vitamin K; sphingolipids; lipid signaling ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; GAMMA-CARBOXYGLUTAMIC ACID; GROWTH-FACTOR GAS6; HUMAN BRAIN; BACTEROIDES-MELANINOGENICUS; DIETARY PHYLLOQUINONE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; MEMBRANE-LIPIDS; 3-KETODIHYDROSPHINGOSINE SYNTHETASE; SULFOTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY AB The brain is enriched with sphingolipids, which are important membrane constituents and major lipid signaling molecules that have a role in motor and cognitive behavior. Vitamin K has been implicated in brain sphingolipid metabolism for more than 30 years. The in vitro and in vivo studies to date suggest a role of vitamin K in the regulation of multiple enzymes involved in sphingolipid metabolism within the myelin-rich regions in the brain. However, the precise mechanisms of action are not well understood. Further, the physiological consequences of the observed effects of vitamin K on sphingolipid metabolism have not been systematically studied. (c) 2005 International Life Sciences Institute. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Denisova, NA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM natalia.denissova@tufts.edu NR 107 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD APR PY 2005 VL 63 IS 4 BP 111 EP 121 DI 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2005.tb00129.x PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 912ZL UT WOS:000228119100002 PM 15869125 ER PT J AU Andres-Lacueva, C Shukitt-Hale, B Galli, RL Jauregui, O Lamuela-Raventos, RM Joseph, JA AF Andres-Lacueva, C Shukitt-Hale, B Galli, RL Jauregui, O Lamuela-Raventos, RM Joseph, JA TI Anthocyanins in aged blueberry-fed rats are found centrally and may enhance memory SO NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE brain region localization; cognition; dietary supplementation; flavonoids; LC-MS; polyphenolics ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; NEURONAL SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SHORT-TERM; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION; ELDERBERRY ANTHOCYANINS; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS AB Research has shown that fruits and vegetables containing high levels of polyphenolics (flavonoids) display high total antioxidant activity. Our laboratory found that various fruit and vegetable extracts, particularly blueberry (1313), were effective in reversing age-related deficits in neuronal signaling and behavioral parameters following 8 weeks of feeding, possibly due to their polyphenolic content. However, it was unclear if these phytonutrients were able to directly access the brain from dietary BB supplementation (BBS). The present study examined whether different classes of polyphenols could be found in brain areas associated with cognitive performance following BBS. Thus, 19 month old F344 rats were fed a control or 2% BB diet for 8-10 weeks and tested in the Morris water maze (MWM), a measure of spatial learning and memory. LC-MS analyses of anthocyanins in the diet and subsequently in different brain regions of BBS and control rats were carried out. Several anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-O-beta-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-beta-arabinose, malvidin-3-O-beta-galactoside, malvidin-3-O-beta-glucoside, malvidin-3-O-beta-arabinose, peonidin-3-O-beta-arabinose and delphinidin-3-O-beta-galactoside) were found in the cerebellum, cortex, hippocampus or striatum of the BBS rats, but not the controls. These findings are the first to suggest that polyphenolic compounds are able to cross the blood brain barrier and localize in various brain regions important for learning and memory. Correlational analyses revealed a relationship between MWM performance in BBS rats and the total number of anthocyanin compounds found in the cortex. These findings suggest that these compounds may deliver their antioxidant and signaling modifying capabilities centrally. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Neurosci Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Barcelona, Fac Pharm, CeRTA, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Barcelona, Spain. Simmons Coll, Dept Psychol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Barcelona, Sci Serv, Barcelona, Spain. Univ Barcelona, Tech Serv, Barcelona, Spain. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Neurosci Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM james.joseph@tufts.edu RI Andres-Lacueva, Cristina/J-3377-2012; Lamuela Raventos, Rosa/F-3986-2016 OI Andres-Lacueva, Cristina/0000-0002-8494-4978; Lamuela Raventos, Rosa/0000-0002-1287-4560 NR 62 TC 235 Z9 250 U1 9 U2 32 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1028-415X J9 NUTR NEUROSCI JI Nutr. Neurosci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 8 IS 2 BP 111 EP 120 DI 10.1080/10284150500078117 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 946PC UT WOS:000230583400004 PM 16053243 ER PT J AU Kimlin, MG Slusser, JR Schallhorn, KA Lantz, K Meltzer, RS AF Kimlin, MG Slusser, JR Schallhorn, KA Lantz, K Meltzer, RS TI Comparison of ultraviolet data from colocated instruments from the US EPA Brewer Spectrophotometer Network and the US Department of Agriculture UV-B Monitoring and Research Program SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UV Ground- and Space-based Measurements, Models and Effects III CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE ultraviolet monitoring networks; spectral measurement; irradiance ID ERYTHEMAL UV; IRRADIANCE; RADIATION; OZONE AB Several ground-based ultraviolet (UV) monitoring networks exist in the United States, each of which is unique in the instrumentation employed for measurements. Two of these UV networks are the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Brewer Spectrophotometer Network and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) UV-B monitoring network, with a combined instrument total of 52 sites, with 32 sites located in the mainland United States. The Brewer records full sky spectra from 287 to 363 nm with 0.55-nm resolution, whereas the USDA instrument is a broadband device that measures broadband erythemally weighted UV data. To date, limited comparisons of data collected from these networks have been analyzed for comparative and quality assurance (QA) purposes. The data we use is taken from sites where instruments from each program are colocated, namely, Big Bend National Park, Texas, and Everglades National Park, Florida. To reduce the contribution of errors in the Brewer-based instruments, the raw data is corrected for stray light rejection, the angular response of the full sky diffuser, the temperature dependence of the instruments, and the temporal variation. This reduces the estimated errors of the absolute irradiance values of each Brewer spectral measurement to approximately +/- 5%. The estimated uncertainty of the USDA instruments is approximately +/- 6% with a systematic bias of (-13 to 5% depending on the total ozone) and is comprised of (1) standard lamp measurement errors, (2) spectral response determination, and (3) the angular response of the diffuser. We perform comparisons between the Brewer spectrally integrated and erythemally weighted UV irradiance measurements and the data collected by the broadband erythemal UV meters at colocated sites between 1997 through to 2002. (c) 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Natl Ultraviolet Monitoring Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld 4509, Australia. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA, V B Monitoring Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Assoc, Cent UV Calibrat Facil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Natl Ultraviolet Monitoring Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. OI Kimlin, Michael/0000-0002-9536-8646 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD APR PY 2005 VL 44 IS 4 AR 041009 DI 10.1117/1.1885470 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 974KN UT WOS:000232590400014 ER PT J AU Krotkov, N Bhartia, PK Herman, J Slusser, J Scott, G Labow, G Vasilkov, AP Eck, TF Dubovik, O Holben, BN AF Krotkov, N Bhartia, PK Herman, J Slusser, J Scott, G Labow, G Vasilkov, AP Eck, TF Dubovik, O Holben, BN TI Aerosol ultraviolet absorption experiment (2002 to 2004), part 2: absorption optical thickness, refractive index, and single scattering albedo SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UV Ground- and Space-based Measurements, Models and Effects III CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE ultraviolet radiation; aerosol absorption; single scattering albedo; CIMEL sunphotometer; AERONET network; ultraviolet multifilter rotating shadow-band radiometer; diffuse fraction measurements ID SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; SURFACE UV IRRADIANCE; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE; ATMOSPHERIC DUST; PHOTOLYSIS RATES; GROUND ALBEDO; DESERT DUST; B RADIATION AB Compared to the visible spectral region, very little is known about aerosol absorption in the UV. Without such information it is impossible to quantify the causes of the observed discrepancy between modeled and measured UV irradiances and photolysis rates. We report results of a 17-month aerosol column absorption monitoring experiment conducted in Greenbelt, Maryland, where the imaginary part of effective refractive index k was inferred from the measurements of direct and diffuse atmospheric transmittances by a UV-multifilter rotating shadow-band radiometer [UV-MFRSR, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) UV-B Monitoring and Research Network]. Colocated ancillary measurements of aerosol effective particle size distribution and refractive index in the visible wavelengths [by CIMEL sun-sky radiometers, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET)], column ozone, surface pressure, and albedo constrain the forward radiative transfer model input, so that a unique solution for k is obtained independently in each UV-MFRSR spectral channel. Inferred values of k are systematically larger in the UV than in the visible wavelengths. The inferred k values enable calculation of the single scattering albedo omega, which is compared with AERONET inversions in the visible wavelengths. On cloud-free days with high aerosol loadings [tau(ext)(440) >0.4], omega is systematically lower at 368 nm (=0.94) than at 440 nm (=0.96), however, the mean omega differences (0.02) are within expected uncertainties of omega retrievals (similar to 0.03). The inferred omega is even ;lower at shorter UV wavelengths ()similar to =0.92), which might suggest the presence of selectively UV absorbing aerosols. We also find that a) decreases with decrease in aerosol loading. This could be due to real changes in the average aerosol composition between summer and winter months at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) site. Combing measurements of tau(ext) and w, the seasonal dependence of the aerosol absorption optical thickness, tau(rbs)=tau(ext)(1 - omega) is derived in the UV with an uncertainty of 0.01 to 0.02, limited by the accuracy of UV-MFRSR measurement and calibration. The tau(abs) has a pronounced seasonal dependence with maximum values similar to 0.1 occurring in summer hazy conditions and <0.02 in the winter and fall seasons, when aerosol loadings are small. The measured tau(abs) is sufficient to explain both the magnitude and seasonal dependence of the bias in satellite estimates of surface UV irradiance previously seen with ground-based UV measurements. (c) 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resources Ecol Lab, USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Network, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Krotkov, N (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM Krotkov@chescat.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Dubovik, Oleg/A-8235-2009; ECK, THOMAS/D-7407-2012; Krotkov, Nickolay/E-1541-2012; Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016; OI Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460; Krotkov, Nickolay/0000-0001-6170-6750; Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137; Herman, Jay/0000-0002-9146-1632 NR 55 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD APR PY 2005 VL 44 IS 4 AR 041005 DI 10.1117/1.1886819 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA 974KN UT WOS:000232590400010 ER PT J AU Krotkov, N Bhartia, PK Herman, J Slusser, J Labow, G Scott, G Janson, G Eck, TF Holben, B AF Krotkov, N Bhartia, PK Herman, J Slusser, J Labow, G Scott, G Janson, G Eck, TF Holben, B TI Aerosol ultraviolet absorption experiment (2002 to 2004), part 1: ultraviolet multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer calibration and intercomparison with CIMEL sunphotometers SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UV Ground- and Space-based Measurements, Models and Effects III CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE ultraviolet radiation; aerosol absorption; CIMEL sunphotometer; AERONET network; ultraviolet multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer; diffuse fraction measurements; Langley calibration ID SINGLE SCATTERING ALBEDO; SURFACE UV IRRADIANCE; OPTICAL DEPTH; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; BAND RADIOMETER; DOBSON SPECTROPHOTOMETERS; WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; FILTER RADIOMETERS; COSINE RESPONSE AB Radiative transfer calculations of UV irradiance from total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) satellite data are frequently overestimated compared to ground-based measurements because of the presence of undetected absorbing aerosols in the planetary boundary layer. To reduce these uncertainties, an aerosol UV absorption closure experiment has been conducted at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA/GSFC) site in Greenbelt, Maryland, using 17 months of data from a shadowband radiometer [UV-multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer (UV-MFRSR), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) UV-B Monitoring and Research Network] colocated with a group of three sun-sky CIMEL radiometers [rotating reference instruments of the NASA Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET)]. We describe an improved UV-MFRSR on-site calibration method augmented by AERONET-CIMEL measurements of aerosol extinction optical thickness (tau(a)) interpolated or extrapolated to the UV-MFRSR wavelengths and measurement intervals. The estimated tau(a) is used as input to a UV-MFRSR spectral-band model, along with independent column ozone and surface pressure measurements, to estimate zero air mass voltages V-0 in three longer wavelength UV-MFRSR channels (325, 332, 368 nm). Daily mean < V-0> estimates and standard deviations are obtained for cloud-free conditions and compared with the on-site UV-MFRSR Langley plot calibration method. By repeating the calibrations on clear days, relatively good stability (+/- 2% in < V-0>) is found in summer, with larger relative changes in fall-winter seasons. The changes include systematic day-to-day < V-0> decline for extended periods along with step jump changes after major precipitation periods (rain or snow) that affected the diffuser transmission. When daily V-0 values are used to calculate 7, for individual 3-min UV-MFRSR measurements on the same days, the results compare well with interpolated AERONET tau(a), measurements [at 368 nm most daily 1 sigma root mean square (rms) differences were within 0.01]. When intercalibrated against an AERONET sunphotometer, the UV-MFRSR is proven reliable to retrieve tau(a) and hence can be used to retrieve aerosol column absorption in the UV. The advantage of the shadowband technique is that the calibration obtained for direct-sun voltage can then be applied to diffuse-radiance voltage to obtain total and diffuse atmospheric transmittances. These transmittances, in combination with accurate tau(a) data, provide the basis for estimating aerosol column absorption at many locations of the USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research network and for correction of satellite estimations of surface UV irradiance. (c) 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resources Ecol Lab, USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Network, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Krotkov, N (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM Krotkov@chescat.gsfc.nasa.gov RI ECK, THOMAS/D-7407-2012; Krotkov, Nickolay/E-1541-2012; Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016; OI Krotkov, Nickolay/0000-0001-6170-6750; Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137; Herman, Jay/0000-0002-9146-1632 NR 48 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD APR PY 2005 VL 44 IS 4 AR 041004 DI 10.1117/1.1886818 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA 974KN UT WOS:000232590400009 ER PT J AU Elsheikha, HM Rosenthal, BM Mansfield, LS AF Elsheikha, HM Rosenthal, BM Mansfield, LS TI Dexamethasone treatment induces susceptibility of outbred Webster mice to experimental infection with Besnoitia darlingi isolated from opossums (Didelphis virginiana) SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; SPOROCYSTS; HORSES; CYSTS; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; CELLS AB The Sarcocystidae comprise a diverse, monophyletic apicomplexan parasite family, most of whose members form intracellular cysts in their intermediate hosts. The extent of pathology associated with such cyst formation can range widely. We currently lack experimental animal models for many of these infections. Here we explored dexamethasone treatment as a means to render outbred mice susceptible to Besnoitia darlingi infection and demonstrated that this approach allows viable parasites to be subsequently isolated from these mice and maintained in tissue culture. Besnoitia bradyzoites recovered from crushed cysts derived from naturally infected opossums ( Didelphis virginiana) replicated and reproduced the development of besnoitiosis in mice treated with dexamethasone (0.5 mg/ml drinking water) daily for 12 days post infection (DPI). Isolates recovered from the peritoneal exudates of these mice were viable and were maintained in long-term tissue cultures. In contrast, control mice given saline without dexamethasone and challenged with similar bradyzoites remained clinically normal for up to 70 DPI. An additional group of mice challenged with the same inoculum of bradyzoites and given dexamethasone at the same concentration and treated with sulfadiazine ( 1 mg/ml drinking water) daily for 12 DPI also remained normal for up to 70 DPI. Severe disease developed more rapidly in dexamethasone-treated mice inoculated with culture-derived B. darlingi tachyzoites than in those inoculated with cyst-derived bradyzoites. B. darlingi tachyzoite-infected, untreated control mice developed signs of illness at 18 DPI. In contrast, mice treated with sulfadiazine showed no clinical signs up to 50 DPI. Although dexamethasone treatment was required to establish B. darlingi infection in outbred mice inoculated with opossum-derived B. darlingi bradyzoites, no such treatment was required for mice inoculated with culture-derived B. darlingi tachyzoites. Finally, sulfadiazine was highly effective in protecting mice from infection with the tachyzoite stage of B. darlingi. C1 Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Dis Parasite Lab, Agr Res Ctr, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Mansfield, LS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, B43 Food Safety & Toxicol Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM mansfie4@cvm.msu.edu OI Mansfield, Linda S./0000-0002-7523-7577; Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD APR PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 BP 413 EP 419 DI 10.1007/s00436-004-1286-2 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 914ZD UT WOS:000228266300008 PM 15759157 ER PT J AU Kennedy, DD Ladas, EJ Rheingold, SR Blumberg, J Kelly, KM AF Kennedy, DD Ladas, EJ Rheingold, SR Blumberg, J Kelly, KM TI Antioxidant status decreases in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during the first six months of chemotherapy treatment SO PEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER LA English DT Article DE ALL; antioxidant; children; 8-oxo-dG; side effects ID OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; RETINOL-BINDING-PROTEIN; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BETA-CAROTENE; ASCORBIC-ACID; CANCER; CELLS; SERUM; PLASMA AB Background. Children undergoing treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) receive combination chemotherapy and many of the components are associated with free radical production. Procedure. Among 103 children newly diagnosed with ALL, plasma concentrations of antioxidants, total antioxidant capacity (ORAC), and DNA oxidized base 8-oxodeoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) were analyzed at baseline and 3 and 6 months after diagnosis. Results. Plasma vitamin A, antioxidants, 8-oxo-dG, and ORAC changed from diagnosis through the first 6 months of ALL therapy. In patients with higherplasma concentrations of vitamin A, E, total carotenoids, ORAC, and 8-oxo-dG there was a beneficial association with fewer dose reductions, fewer infections, improved quality of life, less delay in chemotherapy treatment schedule, reduced toxicity, and fewer days spent in the hospital. There were also adverse relationships demonstrated. Conclusions. Among children with ALL, antioxidant levels and oxidative stress appear to be associated with duration and complications of treatment. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Columbia Univ, Div Pediat Oncol, Dept Pediat, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10032 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Kelly, KM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Div Pediat Oncol, Dept Pediat, Coll Phys & Surg, 161 Ft Washington Ave,Irving Pavil 7, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM kk291@columbia.edu NR 48 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1545-5009 J9 PEDIATR BLOOD CANCER JI Pediatr. Blood Cancer PD APR PY 2005 VL 44 IS 4 BP 378 EP 385 DI 10.1002/pbc.20307 PG 8 WC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics SC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics GA 901MJ UT WOS:000227286300010 PM 15622521 ER PT J AU Kubisiak, TL Amerson, HV Nelson, CD AF Kubisiak, TL Amerson, HV Nelson, CD TI Genetic interaction of the fusiform rust fungus with resistance gene Fr1 in loblolly pine SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gametothalli; infection haplotype; Pinus taeda ID F-SP FUSIFORME; MAJOR GENE; DNA; DISEASE AB We propose a method for defining DNA markers linked to Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme avirulence (Avr) genes. However, before this method can be successfully employed, a spore competition study was needed to determine the genetic composition of single pycnial drops and multiple drops on single galls when using the standard inoculation procedure, whether virulent (avr1) basidiospores ever predispose some resistant (Fr1/fr1) trees to infection by avirulent (Avr1) basidiospores, and whether avr1 and Avr1 basidiospores equally infect susceptible (fr1/fr1) trees. Results of this study suggest that multiple infections within a single gall are common using the concentrated basidiospore system, resulting on average in > 4 infection events per tree. Due to multiple infections within a single gall, an individual pycnial drop cannot be assumed to consist of spores from only a single haploid pycnium. Roughly 57% of the drops harvested were found to consist of more than one haploid genotype, most likely due to the physical mixing of spores from genetically different pycnia. Most importantly, although multiple infections do occur in the formation of a single gall, there is no evidence to suggest that the genetics of the proposed gene-for-gene interaction are compromised. Only avrl basidiospores were observed to cause infection on Fr1/fr1 trees, whereas both avr1 and Avr1 basichospores were observed to cause infection on fr1/fr1 trees, albeit not at equal frequencies. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Insect Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kubisiak, TL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Insect Forest Genet, 23332 Highway 67, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. EM tkubisiak@fs.fed.us NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2005 VL 95 IS 4 BP 376 EP 380 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-95-0376 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 910EJ UT WOS:000227912800007 PM 18943039 ER PT J AU Luo, M Dang, P Bausher, MG Holbrook, CC Lee, RD Lynch, RE Guo, BZ AF Luo, M Dang, P Bausher, MG Holbrook, CC Lee, RD Lynch, RE Guo, BZ TI Identification of transcripts involved in resistance responses to leaf spot disease caused by Cercosporidium personatum in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION PATTERNS; SEQUENCE TAGS; ARABIDOPSIS; STRESS; PROTEIN; MICROARRAYS; PATHOGEN; INFECTION; ELICITORS AB Late leaf spot disease caused by Cercosporidium personatum is one of the most destructive foliar diseases of peanut (Arachis hypogoeo) worldwide. The objective of this research was to identify resistance genes in response to leaf spot disease using microarray and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To identify transcripts involved in disease resistance, we studied the gene expression profiles in two peanut genotypes, resistant or susceptible to leaf spot disease, using cDNA microarray containing 384 unigenes selected from two expressed sequenced tag (EST) cDNA libraries challenged by abiotic and biotic stresses. A total of 112 spots representing 56 genes in several functional categories were detected as up-regulated genes (1092 ratio > 1). Seventeen of the top 20 genes, each matching gene with known function in GenBank, were selected for validation of their expression levels using real-time PCR. The two peanut genotypes were also used to study the functional analysis of these genes and the possible link of these genes to the disease resistance trait. Microarray technology and real-time PCR were used for comparison of gene expression. The selected genes identified by microarray analysis were validated by real-time PCR. These genes were more greatly expressed in the resistant genotype as a result of response to the challenge of C. personatum than in the susceptible genotype. Further investigations are needed to characterize each of these genes in disease resistance. Gene probes could then be developed for application in breeding programs for marker-assisted selection. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Guo, BZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM bguo@tifton.usda.gov NR 47 TC 33 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2005 VL 95 IS 4 BP 381 EP 387 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-95-0381 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 910EJ UT WOS:000227912800008 PM 18943040 ER PT J AU Pahalawatta, V Chen, XM AF Pahalawatta, V Chen, XM TI Genetic analysis and molecular mapping of wheat genes conferring resistance to the wheat stripe rust and barley stripe rust pathogens SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hordeum vulgare; Triticum aestivum ID ANALOG POLYMORPHISM MARKERS; PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; AVIRULENCE GENES; HORDEUM-VULGARE; MILDEW FUNGUS; NORTH-AMERICA; RACES; DISEASE; CULTIVARS; VIRULENCE AB Stripe rust is one of the most important diseases of wheat and barley worldwide. On wheat it is caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and on barley by P striiformis f. sp. hordei. Most wheat genotypes are resistant to P. striiformis f. sp. hordei and most barley genotypes are resistant to P. striiformis f. sp. tritici. To determine the genetics of resistance in wheat to P. striiformis f. sp. hordei, crosses were made between wheat genotypes Lemhi (resistant to P striiformis f. sp. hordei) and PI 478214 (susceptible to P striiformis f. sp. hordei). The greenhouse seedling test of 150 F-2 progeny from the Lemhi x PI 478214 cross, inoculated with race PSH-14 of P. striiformis f. sp. hordei, indicated that Lemhi has a dominant resistance gene. The single dominant gene was confirmed by testing seedlings of the F-1, BC1 to the two parents, and 150 F-3 lines front the F-2 plants with the same race. The tests of the F-1, BC1, and F-3 progeny with race PSH-48 of P. striiformis f. sp. hordei and PST-21 of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici also showed a dominant gene for resistance to these races. Cosegregation analyses of the F3 data from the tests with the two races of P. striiformis f. sp. hordei and one race of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici suggested that the same gene conferred the resistance to both races of P striiformis f. sp. hordei, and this gene was different but closely linked to Yr21, a previously reported gene in Lemhi conferring resistance to race PST-21 of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici. A linkage group consisting of 11 resistance gene analog polymorphism (RGAP) markers was established for the genes. The gene was confirmed to be on chromosome 1B by amplification of a set of nullitetrasomic Chinese Spring lines with an RGAP marker linked in repulsion with the resistance allele. The genetic information obtained from this study is useful in understanding interactions between inappropriate hosts and pathogens. The gene identified in Lemhi for resistance to P. striiformis f. sp. hordei should provide resistance to barley stripe rust when introgressed into barley cultivars. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Agr Res Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Chen, XM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM xianming@mail.wsti.edu NR 47 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2005 VL 95 IS 4 BP 427 EP 432 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-95-0427 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 910EJ UT WOS:000227912800014 PM 18943046 ER PT J AU Naegle, ER Burton, JW Carter, TE Rufty, TW AF Naegle, ER Burton, JW Carter, TE Rufty, TW TI Influence of seed nitrogen content on seedling growth and recovery from nitrogen stress SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE leaf expansion; leaf initiation; nitrate uptake; nitrogen stress; nitrogen stress recovery; soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) ID NITRATE UPTAKE; SENNA-OBTUSIFOLIA; BIRCH SEEDLINGS; PROTEIN-CONTENT; SOYBEAN PLANTS; NUTRIENT; SIZE; DEPRIVATION; GERMINATION; REDUCTION AB In low fertility conditions, germinating seedlings are heavily dependent upon N from seed reserves for growth and development. Experiments were conducted to examine the influence of seed N content and mobilization on leaf development and the ability to take up nitrate and up-regulate leaf growth processes during recovery from the period of N deprivation. Genetically homozygous soybean lines with a range of seed N contents were grown in hydroponics culture without an external N source. Microscopic analyses of the apical meristem and plant exposure to labeled N-15-nitrate allowed precise descriptions of changes in leaf initiation and nitrate uptake during recovery. In seedlings grown without N, inhibitions of leaf expansion and leaf initiation were detectible in the 2nd week after germination, and both were inversely related to the amount of N released from the seed. The S/R ratio decreased, indicating early N stress, but the S/R adjustments were not proportional to the degree of N stress as occurs with older plants, suggesting limitations in C availability. When external N was supplied to plants after 15 or 23 days of N deprivation, the induction period for nitrate uptake was longer than that normally observed with N-replete seedlings, and rates of growth during recovery from the N stress were correlated with initial seed N contents. The inhibition of individual leaf expansion was released only if leaves were at an early developmental stage. Leaf initiation at the apical meristem immediately responded to the presence of external nitrate, with initiation rates approaching those for +N controls. The results indicate that seedling vigor in infertile conditions and the ability to respond to available N are strongly influenced by seed resources. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Rufty, TW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tom_rufty@ncsu.edu NR 48 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD APR PY 2005 VL 271 IS 1-2 BP 329 EP 340 DI 10.1007/s11104-004-3242-4 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 944AL UT WOS:000230397200029 ER PT J AU Sharma, KD Chen, WD Muehlbauer, FJ AF Sharma, KD Chen, WD Muehlbauer, FJ TI Genetics of chickpea resistance to five races of Fusarium wilt and a concise set of race differentials for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp ciceris SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE chickpea wilt; single gene resistance; vertical resistance ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; 2 GENES; RAPD MARKERS; INHERITANCE; LINKAGE; RUST; INDIA AB Genetics of resistance in chickpea accession WR-315 to Fusarium wilt was investigated, and a concise set of differentials was developed to identify races of Fusarium oxysporum I. sp. ciceri. s. A population of 100 F-7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross of WR-315 (resistant) and C-104 (susceptible) was used to study genetics of resistance to races 1A, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of E oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. and a population of 26 F, plants from a cross between the same two parents was used to study inheritance of resistance to race 2. Segregations of the RILs for resistance to each of the five races suggest that single genes in WR-315 govern resistance to each of the five races. A 1:3 resistant to susceptible ratio in the F-2 population indicated that resistance in WR-315 to race 2 was governed by a single recessive gene. A race-specific slow disease progress reaction was observed in chickpea line FLIP84-92C(3) to infection by race 2, a phenomenon termed as slow wilting, that is different from previously reported late wilting with respect to latent period, disease progress rate, and final disease rating. Twenty-nine germ plasm lines (27 Cicer arietinum and two C. reticulatum) including previously used differentials were evaluated for their reactions to infection by the five races. Only eight of the 29 germ plasm lines differentiated at least one of the five races based on either resistant or susceptible reactions, whereas the remaining germ plasm lines were either susceptible or resistant to all five races or differentiated them by intermediate reactions. A concise set of eight chickpea lines comprised of four genotypes and four F7 RILs with vertical resistance was developed as differentials for race identification in F oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. These differential lines were characterized by early appearance of wilt symptoms. and clear and consistent disease phenotypes based on no wilt or 100% wilt incidence. which offers important improvements over previously available differential sets and provides more precise and unambiguous identification of the races. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Chen, WD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM w-chen@wsu.edu NR 32 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2005 VL 89 IS 4 BP 385 EP 390 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0385 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 907QJ UT WOS:000227732700006 ER PT J AU Robertson, NL Ianson, DC AF Robertson, NL Ianson, DC TI Report of Turnip mosaic virus in rhubarb in alaska. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Arctic Plant Germplasm Introduct & Res Project, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. RP Robertson, NL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Arctic Plant Germplasm Introduct & Res Project, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2005 VL 89 IS 4 BP 430 EP 430 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0430B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 907QJ UT WOS:000227732700014 ER PT J AU Kapooria, RG Aime, MC AF Kapooria, RG Aime, MC TI First report of the rust fungus Olivea scitula on Vitex doniana in Zambia. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Zambia, Dept Biol Sci, Lusaka, Zambia. USDA ARS, SBML, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kapooria, RG (reprint author), Univ Zambia, Dept Biol Sci, Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2005 VL 89 IS 4 BP 431 EP 431 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0431B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 907QJ UT WOS:000227732700017 ER PT J AU Tzanetakis, IE Martin, RR AF Tzanetakis, IE Martin, RR TI First report of strawberry as a natural host of Apple mosaic virus. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Tzanetakis, IE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 NR 3 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2005 VL 89 IS 4 BP 431 EP 431 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0431A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 907QJ UT WOS:000227732700016 ER PT J AU Deahl, KL Jones, R Wanner, LA Plant, A AF Deahl, KL Jones, R Wanner, LA Plant, A TI Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans on Solanum sarrachoides in northeastern Maine. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maine, Cooperat Extens, Presque Isle, ME 04769 USA. RP Deahl, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2005 VL 89 IS 4 BP 435 EP 435 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0435A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 907QJ UT WOS:000227732700028 ER PT J AU Meng, X Grau, CR Chen, W AF Meng, X Grau, CR Chen, W TI Cultivar preference exhibited by two sympatric and genetically distinct populations of the soybean fungal pathogen Phialophora gregata f.sp sojae SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brown stem rot; competitive bioassay; pathotypes; soybean; Phialophora gregata ID BROWN STEM ROT; HOST PREFERENCE; UNITED-STATES; POLYMORPHISMS; GREENHOUSE; RESISTANCE; GENOTYPES; SEQUENCE; TILLAGE; MARKERS AB Phialophora gregata f.sp. sojae, a soilborne vascular pathogen causing brown stem rot of soybean, has been divided into A and B populations based on variation in the intergenic spacer region of nuclear rDNA (rDNA marker). The A and B populations correlate with defoliating and nondefoliating pathotypes, respectively. In this study, eight additional polymorphic anonymous marker loci (five inter simple sequence repeat loci and three long-primer random amplified polymorphic DNA loci) were identified and applied to a total of 189 isolates. Alleles of these eight loci were invariant within, but different between the A and B populations, providing further evidence that the rDNA marker identifies genetically distinct populations. The two populations were sympatric, residing not only in the same field, but also in the same plants under field conditions. Representative strains of the two populations, when used individually in inoculations, infected both resistant cv. Bell and susceptible cv. Sturdy. However, when the same representatives of the two populations were mixed in a 1 : 1 ratio and used as a mixed inoculum in a competitive bioassay, differential cultivar preference was revealed using PCR detection of populations in infected plants. Population A was detected significantly more often (18 out of 24 plants) in the susceptible cv. Sturdy, whereas population B was detected significantly more often (17 out of 24 plants) in the resistant cv. Bell, corroborating earlier field studies. This is the first controlled experiment to demonstrate a differential host preference of P. gregata f.sp. sojae toward different cultivars of the same host species. Unification of terminologies used in P. gregata f.sp. sojae is discussed. C1 Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Chen, W (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 303 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM w-chen@wsu.edu NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 54 IS 2 BP 180 EP 188 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2005.01162.x PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 909CK UT WOS:000227836300011 ER PT J AU Jomantiene, R Davis, RE AF Jomantiene, R Davis, RE TI Apple sessile leaf: a new disease associated with a 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris' subgroup 16SrI-B phytoplasma in Lithuania SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Inst Bot, Microbial Mol Biol Unit, Fitovirus Lab, LT-2021 Vilnius, Lithuania. ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jomantiene, R (reprint author), Inst Bot, Microbial Mol Biol Unit, Fitovirus Lab, LT-2021 Vilnius, Lithuania. EM jomantir@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 54 IS 2 BP 237 EP 237 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2005.01169.x PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 909CK UT WOS:000227836300022 ER PT J AU Zhu, HY Choi, HK Cook, DR Shoemaker, RC AF Zhu, HY Choi, HK Cook, DR Shoemaker, RC TI Bridging model and crop legumes through comparative genomics SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GLYCINE-MAX; PISUM-SATIVUM; ORGANIZATION; DUPLICATION; NODULATION; SYMBIOSIS; EVOLUTION C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Zhu, HY (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM hzhu4@uky.edu NR 52 TC 162 Z9 170 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 137 IS 4 BP 1189 EP 1196 DI 10.1104/pp.104.058891 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 918XO UT WOS:000228583100004 PM 15824281 ER PT J AU Ramirez, M Graham, MA Blanco-Lopez, L Silvente, S Medrano-Soto, A Blair, MW Hernandez, G Vance, CP Lara, M AF Ramirez, M Graham, MA Blanco-Lopez, L Silvente, S Medrano-Soto, A Blair, MW Hernandez, G Vance, CP Lara, M TI Sequencing and analysis of common bean ESTs. Building a foundation for functional genomics SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEGUME MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN-FIXATION; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; ASPARTATE-AMINOTRANSFERASE; GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; LOTUS-JAPONICUS; ROOT-NODULES; MODEL; PROTEIN AB Although common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is the most important grain legume in the developing world for human consumption, few genomic resources exist for this species. The objectives of this research were to develop expressed sequence tag (EST) resources for common bean and assess nodule gene expression through high-density macroarrays. We sequenced a total of 21,026 ESTs derived from 5 different cDNA libraries, including nitrogen-fixing root nodules, phosphorus-deficient roots, developing pods, and leaves of the Mesoamerican genotype, Negro Jamapa 81. The fifth source of ESTs was a leaf cDNA library derived from the Andean genotype, G19833. Of the total high-quality sequences, 5,703 ESTs were classified as singletons, while 10,078 were assembled into 2,226 contigs producing a nonredundant set of 7,969 different transcripts. Sequences were grouped according to 4 main categories, metabolism (34%), cell cycle and plant development (11%), interaction with the environment (19%), and unknown function (36%), and further subdivided into 15 subcategories. Comparisons to other legume EST projects suggest that an entirely different repertoire of genes is expressed in common bean nodules. Phaseolus-specific contigs, gene families, and single nucleotide polymorphisms were also identified from the EST collection. Functional aspects of individual bean organs were reflected by the 20 contigs from each library composed of the most redundant ESTs. The abundance of transcripts corresponding to selected contigs was evaluated by RNA blots to determine whether gene expression determined by laboratory methods correlated with in silico expression. Evaluation of root nodule gene expression by macroarrays and RNA blots showed that genes related to nitrogen and carbon metabolism are integrated for ureide production. Resources developed in this project provide genetic and genomic tools for an international consortium devoted to bean improvement. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Genom, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Ctr Int Agr Trop, Cali, Colombia. RP Lara, M (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Genom, Apartado 66210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. EM lara@ccg.unam.mx RI Medrano-Soto, Luis Arturo/A-3769-2008 NR 34 TC 103 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 137 IS 4 BP 1211 EP 1227 DI 10.1104/pp.104.054999 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 918XO UT WOS:000228583100007 PM 15824284 ER PT J AU Gepts, P Beavis, WD Brummer, EC Shoemaker, RC Stalker, HT Weeden, NF Young, ND AF Gepts, P Beavis, WD Brummer, EC Shoemaker, RC Stalker, HT Weeden, NF Young, ND TI Legumes as a model plant family. Genomics for food and feed report of the cross-legume advances through genomics conference SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEDICAGO-SATIVA; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; LOTUS-JAPONICUS; GENETIC-CONTROL; PISUM-SATIVUM; VOLATILES; DEFENSE; PHYLOGENY; EVOLUTION; SYMBIOSIS C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Sect Crop & Ecosyst Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Natl Ctr Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. Iowa State Univ, Raymond F Baker Ctr Plant Breeding, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Gepts, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Sect Crop & Ecosyst Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM plgepts@ucdavis.edu RI Gepts, Paul/B-4417-2009 OI Gepts, Paul/0000-0002-1056-4665 NR 51 TC 101 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 137 IS 4 BP 1228 EP 1235 DI 10.1104/pp.105.060871 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 918XO UT WOS:000228583100008 PM 15824285 ER PT J AU Dhanaraj, AL Slovin, JP Rowland, LJ AF Dhanaraj, AL Slovin, JP Rowland, LJ TI Isolation of a cDNA clone and characterization of expression of the highly abundant, cold acclimation-associated 14 kDa dehydrin of blueberry SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cold stress; drought stress; freezing tolerance; Vaccinium; cold hardness; cold tolerance ID PERSICA L BATSCH; FREEZING TOLERANCE; LOW-TEMPERATURE; MULTIGENE FAMILY; FLORAL BUDS; PROTEINS; GENE; ACCUMULATION; DEHYDRATION; CULTIVARS AB Dehydrins are a family of plant proteins that are induced by dehydrative stresses such as those caused by drought, salinity, and low/freezing temperature. Induction of some dehydrins may be responsive to ABA and/or short photoperiod as well. Previously, we reported that in blueberry a family of dehydrins of 65, 60, and 14 kDa accumulates in floral buds during the winter, and the levels of these proteins correlate with cold tolerance. Decline in level of the 14 kDa dehydrin with exposure to warm temperatures correlates well with loss of hardiness or deacclimation also. In the present study, we identified and sequenced a cDNA clone from blueberry floral bud RNA that encodes the 14 kDa dehydrin. The identity of the clone was confirmed by comparing partial peptide sequences from the protein with deduced protein sequence from the cDNA. The cDNA was found to be a full-length 653 bp clone, comprised of a 55 bp 5'UTR, an ORF of 303 bp, a 213 bp 3'UTR, and an 82 bp polyA tail. The cDNA has 2 K boxes, indicative of dehydrins, and no Y or S segments; thus it was classified as a K(2) type dehydrin. Expression of the 14 kDa dehydrin was studied at the transcript and protein levels in stem and leaf tissues under induced cold and drought stress in two genotypes, 'Bluecrop' and 'Premier', which differ in terms of their cold and drought tolerances. Expression of the protein was monitored using a polyclonal antibody raised against a synthetic peptide of the consensus K box of blueberry dehydrins, which was found to cross react with many blueberry dehydrins. The 14 kDa dehydrin, like other K(n) type dehydrins, was strongly induced by cold stress and to a lesser extent by drought stress. A previously uncharacterized 16 kDa dehydrin showed similar induction on Western blots; however, it appeared to increase over time during the course of the experiments in stems of the southern variety 'Premier'. Like some other dehydrins and bark storage proteins, expression of the 16 kDa dehydrin may be responsive to short photoperiods. Patterns of expression of the 14 kDa dehydrin at the protein level were very consistent with patterns at the RNA level, and the 14 kDa dehydrin message was induced to higher levels in the more cold hardy and drought tolerant genotype, 'Bluecrop', than in 'Premier'. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rowland, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Bldg 010A,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rowlandj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 30 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 168 IS 4 BP 949 EP 957 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.11.007 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 904ZO UT WOS:000227537400010 ER PT J AU Lopez-Millan, AF Ellis, DR Grusak, MA AF Lopez-Millan, AF Ellis, DR Grusak, MA TI Effect of zinc and manganese supply on the activities of superoxide dismutase and carbonic anhydrase in Medicago truncatula wild type and raz mutant plants SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE superoxide dismutase; carbonic anhydrase; zinc; manganese; Medicago truncatula; raz mutant ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; DEFICIENCY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TOXICITY; LEAVES; INHIBITION; GROWTH; OXYGEN; TRANSPORT; GENOTYPES AB The novel raz (requires additional zinc) mutant of Medicago truncatula can accumulate high Zn concentrations in all tissues when compared to wild type plants, yet still develops Zn deficiency symptoms, suggesting that total Zn in tissues may not be physiologically available. The objectives of this study were first to determine whether there are differences in the biochemical Zn availability between wild type and raz mutant plants based on the activity of carbonic anhydrase and superoxide dismutase and second to assess the suitability of using the activities of these two Zn-requiring enzymes as indicators of utilizable Zn in a wide range of Zn tissue concentrations. In leaf extracts, CA and total SOD activities as well as the distribution of the tSOD activity among the different isoforms were similar in both genotypes. In roots, there were no significant differences observed in total SOD activities between genotypes; however, CuZnSOD activities were lower in raz than in wild type plants when grown at high Zn concentrations. Based on these results, availability of Zn in raz leaves does not seem to be altered; however, in roots of the raz mutant, Zn availability is restricted or limited in comparison to the wild type plants, especially when raz roots accumulate high levels of Zn. With increasing total Zn tissue concentrations, CA activity increased linearly and then reached a plateau in both leaves and roots, whereas CuZnSOD also increased linearly in leaves but no significant correlation was found in roots, suggesting that CA is a better indicator of tissue Zn status. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Grusak, MA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mgrusak@bcm.tmc.edu RI Lopez-Millan, Ana-Flor/A-7744-2010 NR 37 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 168 IS 4 BP 1015 EP 1022 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.11.018 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 904ZO UT WOS:000227537400018 ER PT J AU Kondo, S Setha, S Rudell, DR Buchanan, DA Mattheis, JP AF Kondo, S Setha, S Rudell, DR Buchanan, DA Mattheis, JP TI Aroma volatile biosynthesis in apples affected by 1-MCP and methyl jasmonate SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apple; 1-methylcyclopropene; methyl jasmonate; volatile ID CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE STORAGE; ABSCISIC-ACID; FRUIT; ETHYLENE; ESTER; METABOLISM AB Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid (ethephon), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on production of aroma volatile compounds and ethylene by 'Delicious' and 'Golden Delicious' apples [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] during ripening were investigated. Forty-four volatile compounds in 'Delicious' and 40 compounds in 'Golden Delicious' were detected. Among volatiles classified as alcohols, esters, ketones, aldehydes, acetic acid, and alpha-farnesene, esters were the most prevalent compounds, followed by alcohols. Aroma volatile production was high in untreated controls and'ethephon treatment. Volatile production by 1-MCP-treated fruit was lower compared with untreated controls throughout the evaluation period. The impact of MeJA application on volatile production was cultivar dependent. The combination of ethephon with MeJA reduced volatile production by 'Delicious' compared with ethephon only, but this treatment combination stimulated volatile production by 'Golden Delicious' with the exception of esters. In general, the effect of MeJA on volatile production was related to the effect of MeJA on internal ethylene concentration. The results,suggest that the effect of MeJA on aroma volatiles in apple fruit may be mediated by ethylene. Furthermore, the effect of MeJA on volatiles may depend on the growth stage of the fruit when treated with MeJA. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hiroshima Prefectural Univ, Grad Sch Appl Biosci, Shobara, Hiroshima 7270023, Japan. USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Kondo, S (reprint author), Hiroshima Prefectural Univ, Grad Sch Appl Biosci, Shobara, Hiroshima 7270023, Japan. EM s-kondo@bio.hiroshima-pu.ac.jp NR 24 TC 54 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 36 IS 1 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2004.11.005 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 914MO UT WOS:000228232100007 ER PT J AU Kim, WK Donalson, LM Herrera, P Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Kim, WK Donalson, LM Herrera, P Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC TI Comparisons of molting diets on skeletal quality and eggshell parameters in hens at the end of the second egg-laying cycle SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE skeletal quality; eggshell; molting; alfalfa; bone-breaking strength ID BROKEN BONES; MEDULLARY BONE; OSTEOPOROSIS; POSTMOLT; LAYERS; ZINC; FOWL AB A study was conducted to evaluate skeletal quality and eggshell parameters of molted hens at the end of the second laying cycle. Sixty Single Comb White Leghorn hens were used for this study. There were 2 controls and 4 molting treatments: full-fed control 1 (82 wk old; FF1), full-fed control 2 (122 wk old; FF2), feed withdrawal (FW), 100% alfalfa (A100), 90% alfalfa/10% layer ration (A90), and 70% alfalfa/30% layer ration (A70). At the end of the second laying cycle (approximately 122 wk of age), hens were euthanized by CO2. Tibia and femur were collected. There were no differences in bone parameters between FF1 and FF2 (P > 0.05) hens. There were no differences in bone parameters among the different molting dietary treatments (P > 0.05). In the eggshell parameters, the FF2 hens exhibited heavier egg weights than the FF1 (P < 0.05), whereas the percentage shell and egg production of the FF1 birds were significantly higher than those of the FF2 birds. Shell weights of the FW and A90 birds were significantly heavier than that of the A100. The correlation analysis showed that overall bone parameters were negatively correlated with eggshell parameters. Bone parameters were highly correlated with each other. Shell weight, percentage shell, and shell thickness were positively correlated with each other, whereas egg weight was negatively correlated with percentage shell. These results suggest that age of hens and molting dietary treatments influence egg parameters, and eggshell formation is closely related to bone metabolism in laying hens. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM scricke@poultry.tamu.edu NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 84 IS 4 BP 522 EP 527 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 910VN UT WOS:000227960400002 PM 15844806 ER PT J AU Gast, RK Holt, PS Murase, T AF Gast, RK Holt, PS Murase, T TI Penetration of Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella heidelberg into egg yolks in an in vitro contamination model SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Salmonella enteritidis; Salmonella heidelberg; yolk; vitelline membrane; penetration ID EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED HENS; PHAGE TYPE-4; LAYING HENS; SHELL EGGS; GROWTH; ALBUMIN; STORAGE; MULTIPLICATION; DEPOSITION; FREQUENCY AB Eggs that harbor Salmonella in their edible contents pose a significant risk of transmitting disease to consumers. Although Salmonella deposition inside yolks does not usually occur at a high frequency in naturally contaminated eggs, bacterial penetration through the vitelline membrane could lead to rapid and extensive multiplication in the nutrient-rich yolk contents. The present study used an in vitro egg contamination model to assess the ability of Salmonella strains to penetrate the vitelline membrane and multiply inside yolks. An S. enteritidis strain and 2 Salmonella heidelberg strains, initially inoculated onto the outside of the vitelline membrane, were able to enter the yolk contents (at frequencies ranging from 10 to 25% of experimentally contaminated eggs) during 24 h of incubation at 30 degrees C. Variants of these parent strains, obtained by in vivo passage into eggs laid by infected hens, penetrated the yolk membrane at significantly higher frequencies. These results demonstrate that pathogens such as S. enteritidis and S. heidelberg can penetrate into and begin to multiply inside the yolks of contaminated eggs during the first day of storage at warm temperatures. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Tottori Univ, Fac Agr, Lab Vet Microbiol, Tottori 6808553, Japan. RP Gast, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM rgast@seprl.usda.gov NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 84 IS 4 BP 621 EP 625 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 910VN UT WOS:000227960400016 PM 15844820 ER PT J AU Anderson, RC Harvey, RB Byrd, JA Callaway, TR Genovese, KJ Edrington, TS Jung, YS McReynolds, JL Nisbet, DJ AF Anderson, RC Harvey, RB Byrd, JA Callaway, TR Genovese, KJ Edrington, TS Jung, YS McReynolds, JL Nisbet, DJ TI Novel preharvest strategies involving the use of experimental chlorate preparations and nitro-based compounds to prevent colonization of food-producing animals by foodborne pathogens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chlorate; food safety; foodborne pathogen; nitrocompound ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; SODIUM-CHLORATE; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; POTASSIUM CHLORATE; DRINKING-WATER; IN-VITRO; SUPPLEMENTATION; POPULATIONS; FERMENTATION; REDUCTASES AB Foodborne diseases caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter species are of public health and economic significance. Shedding of these pathogens during production and slaughter are risks for contamination of products for human consumption. Consequently, strategies are sought to prevent or reduce the carriage of these pathogens in food animals before slaughter. Experimental products containing chlorate salts have been proven efficacious in reducing concentrations of E. coli and Salmonella Typhimurium in the gut of cattle, sheep, swine, and poultry when administered as feed or water additives. Mechanistically, chlorate selectively targets bacteria expressing respiratory nitrate reductase activity, such as most members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, as this enzyme catalyzes the reduction of chlorate to lethal chlorite. Most beneficial gut bacteria lack respiratory nitrate reductase activity, and thus the technology appears compatible with many bacteria exhibiting competitive exclusion capabilities. More recently, select nitrocompounds have been investigated as potential feed additives, and although these nitrocompounds significantly reduce pathogens on their own, evidence indicates that they may most effectively be used to complement the bactericidal activity of chlorate. A particularly attractive aspect of the nitrocompound technology is that, as potent inhibitors of ruminal methanogenesis, they may allow producers the opportunity to recoup costs associated with their use. At present, neither chlorate nor the nitrocompounds have been approved as feed additives by the US Food and Drug Administration, and consequently they are not yet available for commercial use. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Anderson, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM anderson@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 50 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 84 IS 4 BP 649 EP 654 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 910VN UT WOS:000227960400021 PM 15844824 ER PT J AU Huff, WE Huff, GR Rath, NC Balog, JM Donoghue, AM AF Huff, WE Huff, GR Rath, NC Balog, JM Donoghue, AM TI Alternatives to antibiotics: Utilization of bacterlophage to treat colibacillosis and prevent foodborne pathogens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bacteriophage; Escherichia coli; chicken ID SUPPURATIVE BACTERIAL-INFECTIONS; COLI RESPIRATORY-INFECTION; BACTERIOPHAGE TREATMENT; BROILER-CHICKENS; LYTIC BACTERIOPHAGES; PHAGE THERAPY; AEROSOL SPRAY; MICE; CALVES; DIARRHEA AB Bacteriophages are viruses that infect and kill bacteria. Bacteriophage do not infect animal and plant cells, which makes them a potentially safe alternative to antibiotics. We have been conducting research on the efficacy of bacteriophage to prevent and treat colibacillosis in poultry. Bacteriophages that were lytic to a nonmotile, serotype 02 isolate of Escherichia coli were isolated from municipal wastewater treatment plants and poultry processing plants. This E. coli isolate is pathogenic to poultry, causing severe respiratory and systemic infections. Two bacteriophage isolates were selected for use in studies designed to determine the efficacy of these bacteriophage to prevent and treat severe colibacillosis in poultry. Colibacillosis was induced by injecting 6 X 10(4) cfu of E. coli into the thoracic air sac when birds were 1 wk of age. Initial studies demonstrated that mortality was significantly reduced from 85 to 35% when the challenge culture was mixed with equal titers of bacteriophage, and the birds were completely protected when the challenge culture was mixed with 10(8) pfu of bacteriophage. In subsequent studies, we have shown that an aerosol spray of bacteriophage given to birds prior to this E. coli challenge could significantly reduce mortality even when given 3 d prior to the E. coli challenge. Our research on treating colibacillosis in poultry has demonstrated that an intramuscular injection of bacteriophage given 24 or 48 h after the birds were challenged rescued the birds from this severe E. coli infection. We have demonstrated that bacteriophage can be used to prevent and treat colibacillosis in poultry and may provide an effective alternative to antibiotic use in animal production. C1 Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Huff, WE (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM huff@uark.edu NR 25 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 11 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 84 IS 4 BP 655 EP 659 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 910VN UT WOS:000227960400022 PM 15844825 ER PT J AU Smith, DR AF Smith, DR TI Two new fern-feeding sawflies of the genus Aneugmenus hartig (Hymenoptera : Tenthredinidae) from South America SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE selandriinae; ferns; Venezuela; Colombia AB Aueugmenus merida, n. sp., from Venezuela and Ecuador and A. colombia, n. sp., from Colombia are described. Aneugmenus merida was reared from larvae feeding on bracken fern, Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. in Venezuela. These are the only two species of this Holarctic genus known from South America. The species are illustrated and separated from other New World species of Aneugmenus. Aneugmenus leucopoda (Cameron 1883) is a new combination. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dsmith@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 6 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2005 VL 107 IS 2 BP 273 EP 278 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 915CL UT WOS:000228275100005 ER PT J AU Neunzig, HH Solis, MA AF Neunzig, HH Solis, MA TI A review of the neotropical genus Difundella Dyar (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae : Phycitinae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Brazil; Costa Rica; Neftundella; Coptarthria; Rampylla AB The genus Difundella is redescribed. Seven species are recognized as belonging to the genus: D. cancerella n. sp., D. corynophora Dyar, D. dumiella Neunzig and Dow, D. parana n. sp., D. subsutella (Schaus), D. teresina n. sp., and D. unguifera n. sp. A key to species based on male adults is included. Difundella is compared to the similar genera Nefundello Neunzig, Coptarthria Ragonot, and Rampylla Dyar. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Solis, MA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM asolis@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2005 VL 107 IS 2 BP 303 EP 314 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 915CL UT WOS:000228275100007 ER PT J AU Saini, MS Smith, DR AF Saini, MS Smith, DR TI Revision of the southeastern Asian sawfly genus Busarbia Cameron (Hymenoptera : Tenthredinidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE sawflies; Symphyta; Selandriinae; ferns AB Six species of Busarbia Cameron, a genus of the subfamily Selandriinae restricted to southeastern Asia, are known: B. viridipes Cameron, B. shinoharai, n. sp., B. okutanii, n. sp., and B. santokhi, n. sp., from India; B. formosana (Rohwer) from Taiwan, Myanmar, and India; and B. isshikii (Takeuchi) from Taiwan. Busarbia formosana is recorded from India for the first tine. An identification key is provided, and each species is described and illustrated. C1 Punjabi Univ, Dept Zool, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India. USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Agr Res Serv,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Saini, MS (reprint author), Punjabi Univ, Dept Zool, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India. EM saini20@hotmail.com; dsmith@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2005 VL 107 IS 2 BP 346 EP 356 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 915CL UT WOS:000228275100012 ER PT J AU Robinson, H Woodley, NE AF Robinson, H Woodley, NE TI A new species of Harmstonia (Diptera : Dolichopodidae) from Bolivia SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Harmstonia; Bolivia; South America AB Harmstonia ichilo Robinson and Woodley, new species, is described from Ichilo Province, Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia and is the first record for the genus in South America. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Robinson, H (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM nwoodley@sel.barc.usda.gov RI Woodley, Norman/M-6160-2014 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2005 VL 107 IS 2 BP 436 EP 440 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 915CL UT WOS:000228275100023 ER PT J AU Bito, D Smith, DR AF Bito, D Smith, DR TI Larva and possible food plant of Ancyloneura varipes (Cameron) (Hymenoptera : Pergidae) in Papua New Guinea SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Papua New Guinea, Madang, Papua N Guinea. New Guinea Binatang Res Ctr, Madang, Papua N Guinea. USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Bito, D (reprint author), Univ Papua New Guinea, POB 604, Madang, Papua N Guinea. EM binatangi@datec.com.pg; dsmith@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2005 VL 107 IS 2 BP 463 EP 465 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 915CL UT WOS:000228275100026 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G Monge, A AF Eggleston, G Monge, A TI Optimization of sugarcane factory application of commercial dextranases SO PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dextranase (EC 3.2.1.11); Chaetomium; dextranase activity; sugarcane juice; syrup ID DETERIORATION; CANE AB The application of commercial dextranases to breakdown dextran in US sugar manufacture is still not optimized, partly because of misinformation about where to add the enzyme and which enzyme to use. Furthermore, there is no uniform method to measure the activity of commercial dextranases by vendors, which has meant that direct comparison of activities has not been possible. A simple titration method to determine the relative activity of dextranases was identified and modified for factory use and activities were confirmed using ion chromatography with integrated pulsed amperometric detection (IC-IPAD). Most commercial dextranases in the US are from Chaetomium gracile or Chaetomium erraticum, and available in "non-concentrated" or "concentrated" forms; an approximately 8- to 10-fold differences in activity exists between the two forms, and variations exist within each form. In 2002 only "non-concentrated" dextranases were applied in Louisiana to either last evaporator syrup or juice. "Non-concentrated" and "concentrated" dextranases at juice pH 5.4-5.8 showed similar maximum activity at 50.0 degrees C, and activities decreased after 25-30 degrees Brix. Overall, juice applications were more efficient and economical than adding them to syrups. Application of "non-concentrated" dextranase to evaporator syrup was uneconomical. However, "concentrated" dextranase can be applied to syrup at levels as low as 10 ppm/solids (equivalent to 45 ppm/juice) to remove up to similar to 37% dextran, which is useful to consider when severe dextran problems occur. Heating juice to 50.0 degrees C in the presence of all dextranases dramatically removedmore dextran than at the current ambient temperature of application (32.2 degrees C) and was much more economical. For a "non-concentrated" dextranase, after 10 min at 10 ppm/juice and 50.0 degrees C, similar to 46.3% dextran was removed compared to 13.6% at 32.2 degrees C. For the "concentrated" dextranase, after 10 min at only 4 ppm/juice, 66.6% dextran was removed at 50.0 degrees C and was considered an over-dose, compared to 29.6% at 32.2 degrees C. Dextranase was shown to work in the presence of dithiocarbamate biocide in juice, and factory studies are being undertaken to check that no adverse dextran formation is occurring at 50.0 degrees C. Under factory storage conditions, over a grinding season (90 days), the activity of "concentrated" dextranase decreased only slightly (similar to 9%), whereas "non-concentrated" dextranase activity had approximately halved (similar to 46%), and even reduced in activity when stored under refrigeration. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Cora Texas Mfg Co, White Castle, LA 70788 USA. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM gillian@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 41 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-5113 J9 PROCESS BIOCHEM JI Process Biochem. PD APR PY 2005 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1881 EP 1894 DI 10.1016/j.procbio.2004.06.025 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA 905LG UT WOS:000227569000052 ER PT J AU Vensel, WH Tanaka, CK Cai, N Wong, JH Buchanan, BB Hurkman, WJ AF Vensel, WH Tanaka, CK Cai, N Wong, JH Buchanan, BB Hurkman, WJ TI Developmental changes in the metabolic protein profiles of wheat endosperm SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE albumins; endosperm; globulins; wheat ID SULFHYDRYL-DISULFIDE CHANGES; THIOREDOXIN-H-ISOFORMS; SEED STORAGE PROTEINS; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; GLUTENIN SUBUNITS; STARCHY ENDOSPERM; BINDING PROTEINS; REDOX CHANGES AB A combined two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-mass spectrometry approach was utilized to identify over 250 proteins of wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Butte 86) starchy endosperm that participate in 13 biochemical processes: ATP interconversion reactions, carbohydrate metabolism, cell division, cytoskeleton, lipid metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, protein synthesis/assembly, protein turnover, signal transduction, protein storage, stress/defense, transcription/translation, and transport. Endosperm protein populations were compared at early (10 days post-anthesis, dpa) and late (36 dpa) stages of grain development. Analysis of protein number and spot volume revealed that carbohydrate metabolism, transcription/translation, and protein synthesis/assembly were the principal endosperm functions at 10 dpa followed by nitrogen metabolism, protein turnover, cytoskeleton, cell division, signal transduction, and lipid metabolism. Carbohydrate metabolism and protein synthesis/assembly were also major functions at 36 dpa, but stress/defense and storage were predominant. The results provide insight into biochemical events taking place during wheat grain development and highlight the value of proteomics in characterizing complex biochemical processes. Further, the proteome maps will facilitate future studies addressing the effects of genetic and environmental factors on the development and quality of wheat grain. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hurkman, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bhurkman@pw.usda.gov OI Vensel, William/0000-0001-9454-2705 NR 61 TC 109 Z9 122 U1 2 U2 27 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9853 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD APR PY 2005 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1594 EP 1611 DI 10.1002/pmic.200401034 PG 18 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 921NW UT WOS:000228772400012 PM 15800972 ER PT J AU Donnelly, BE Madden, RD Ayoubi, P Porter, DR Dillwith, JW AF Donnelly, BE Madden, RD Ayoubi, P Porter, DR Dillwith, JW TI The wheat (Triticum aestivium L.) leaf proteome SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE matrix-assisted laser desorption; ionization-time of flight; plant proteomics; protein database; two-dimensional gel electrophoresis ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GELS; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; DRAFT SEQUENCE; PROTEINS; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION AB The wheat leaf proteome was mapped and partially characterized to function as a comparative template for future wheat research. In total, 404 proteins were visualized, and 277 of these were selected for analysis based on reproducibility and relative quantity. Using a combination of protein and expressed sequence tag database searching, 142 proteins were putatively identified with an identification success rate of 51%. The identified proteins were grouped according to their functional annotations with the majority (40%) being involved in energy production, primary, or secondary metabolism. Only 8% of the protein identifications lacked ascertainable functional annotation. The 51% ratio of successful identification and the 8% unclear functional annotation rate are major improvements over most previous plant proteomic studies. This clearly indicates the advancement of the plant protein and nucleic acid sequence and annotation data available in the databases, and shows the enhanced feasibility of future wheat leaf proteome research. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Stillwater, OK USA. RP Donnelly, BE (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, 505 Agr Sci Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM bed11@psu.edu NR 19 TC 34 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9853 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD APR PY 2005 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1624 EP 1633 DI 10.1002/pmic.200401042 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 921NW UT WOS:000228772400014 PM 15800971 ER PT J AU White, C Embree, N Buch, C Williams, RS AF White, C Embree, N Buch, C Williams, RS TI Design, development, and testing of a hybrid in situ testing device for building joint sealant SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-RUBBER; TEMPERATURE; CURE; POLYMERS; DENSITY AB The testing of sealant samples has been restricted to devices that either focus on fatiguing multiple samples or quantifying the mechanical properties of a single sample. This manuscript describes a device that combines these two instrumental designs: the ability to both fatigue and characterize multiple sealant samples at the same time. This device employs precise movement capability combined with a stiff loading frame and accurate force measurement for the characterization of five ASTM C719 sealant samples. The performance of this device is demonstrated by monitoring the changes in mechanical properties of silicone sealant during the first 90 h of cure. A complete description of the apparatus, results from the study of curing and analysis is included. (C) American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP White, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christopher.white@nist.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2005 VL 76 IS 4 AR 045111 DI 10.1063/1.1889234 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 916CE UT WOS:000228362200047 ER PT J AU Reinert, JF Harbach, RE Sallum, MAM AF Reinert, JF Harbach, RE Sallum, MAM TI Checklist of aedine mosquito species (Diptera, Culicidae, Aedini) occurring in Middle and South America (south of the United States) reflecting current generic and subgeneric status SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE ENTOMOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Aedini; Culicidae; checklist AB Checklist of aedine mosquito species (Diptera, Culicidae, Aedini) occurring in Middle and South America (south of the United States) reflecting current generic and subgeneric status. A list of species of tribe Aedini from Middle and South American, south of the United States, with their current generic combinations is provided. Its purpose is to enable entomologists, public health personnel and mosquito control workers to more quickly become familiar with recent formal taxonomic changes within the tribe. C1 Agr Res Serv, CMAVE, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Smithsonian Inst, WRBU, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, London SW7 5BD, England. Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Med Entomol Unit Taxon & Syst Res, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Reinert, JF (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, CMAVE, USDA, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RI Sallum, Maria/B-8537-2012 NR 5 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE ENTOMOLOGIA PI CURITIBA PA CAIXA POSTAL 19030, CURITIBA, PR 81531-980, BRAZIL SN 0085-5626 J9 REV BRAS ENTOMOL JI Rev. Bras. Entomol. PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 49 IS 2 BP 249 EP 252 DI 10.1590/S0085-56262005000200009 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 946EL UT WOS:000230555000009 ER PT J AU Hayes, RJ Dinu, II Thill, CA AF Hayes, RJ Dinu, II Thill, CA TI Unilateral and bilateral hybridization barriers in inter-series crosses of 4x 2EBN Solanum stoloniferum, S-pinnatisectum, S-cardiophyllum, and 2x 2EBN S-tuberosum haploids and haploid-species hybrids SO SEXUAL PLANT REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE bridge crossing; endosperm balance number; gene introgression; interspecific incompatibility; incongruity ID SELF-COMPATIBILITY; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; POLLEN-REJECTION; LATE BLIGHT; POTATO; INCOMPATIBILITY; RESISTANCE; GERMPLASM; INTROGRESSION; DIHAPLOIDS AB Wild Mexican potato species are an important untapped source of useful variation for potato improvement. Introgression methods such as 2n gametes, chromosome doubling, and crossing with disomic 4x 2 endosperm balance number (EBN) bridge species have been used to overcome post-zygotic endosperm failure according to the EBN hypothesis. Stylar barriers can prevent zygote formation, bilaterally when zygote formation is blocked in both directions of the cross or unilaterally when zygote formation is blocked in self incompatible (SI) x self compatible (SC) crosses. In several Solanaceae species, the S-locus for SI has been implicated in interspecific incompatibility. The objectives of this research were to determine if: (1) disomic 4x 2EBN Solanum stoloniferum can be used as a bridge species for introgression of the Mexican 2x 1EBN species Solanum cardiophyllum and Solanum pinnatisectum, (2) pre- and/or post-zygotic barriers limit hybridization among EBN compatible Solanum inter-series crosses, and (3) reproductive barriers act unilaterally or bilaterally. Fruit formation and seed set was recorded for inter-pollinations of S. stoloniferum, 4x 2EBN chromosome doubled S. cardiophyllum and S. pinnatisectum, and 2x 2EBN S. tuberosum haploids (HAP) or haploid-species hybrids (H-S). In vivo pollen tube growth was analyzed for each cross combination with fluorescence microscopy. Attempts to create bridge hybrids between S. stoloniferum, and S. cardiophyllum or S. pinnatisectum were not successful. Pre- and post-zygotic barriers prevented seed formation in crosses involving S. cardiophyllum and S. pinnatisectum. Self compatibility in S. stoloniferum and S. pinnatisectum suggests that the S-locus does not contribute to the stylar barriers observed with these species. Alternatively, the presence of functional and nonfunctional (SC) S-alleles may explain interspecific incompatibility in intra- and inter-ploidy crosses. A non-stylar unilateral incongruity was discovered in H-S/HAP x S. stoloniferum crosses, indicating either a post-zygotic barrier, or a pre-zygotic barrier acting at or within the ovary. Furthermore, lack of S. stoloniferum pollen rejection may occur through absence of S. stoloniferum pollen-active genes needed to initiate pollen rejection, or through competitive interaction in S-locus heterozygous S. stoloniferum pollen. Introgression strategies using these species would benefit potato breeding by introducing genetic diversity for several traits simultaneously through co-current introgression. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Thill, CA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, 305 Alderman Hall,1970 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM thill005@umn.edu NR 35 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0934-0882 J9 SEX PLANT REPROD JI Sex. Plant Reprod. PD APR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 6 BP 303 EP 311 DI 10.1007/s00497-005-0244-1 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology SC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology GA 915TQ UT WOS:000228334600006 ER PT J AU Estell, RE Fredrickson, EL Anderson, DM Havstad, KM Remmenga, MD AF Estell, RE Fredrickson, EL Anderson, DM Havstad, KM Remmenga, MD TI Effect of previous exposure of sheep to monoterpene odors on intake of alfalfa pellets treated with camphor or alpha-pinene SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE herbivory; intake; monoterpenes; olfaction; sheep ID FLOURENSIA-CERNUA; CONSUMPTION; PREFERENCE; DEER; RUMINANTS; TARBUSH; PLANTS AB Lambs were subjected to odors of two monoterpenes (camphor and alpha-pinene) that decreased intake in a previous study to determine if exposure during feeding modified their effects on subsequent intake. In two experiments, 36 ewe lambs were group-fed alfalfa pellets in enclosed portable buildings each morning for 56 d (phase 1). Camphor (25 g, Experiment 1) or a-pinene (50 ml, Experiment 2) was placed in feeders in a mesh-covered container immediately before feeding. In phase 2, lambs were individually fed alfalfa pellets for 20 min each morning for 10 d (5-d adaptation, 5-d collection). Treatments were sprayed on alfalfa pellets at levels representing the concentration of that chemical in tarbush (Flourensia cernua) or at 10-fold that concentration. No day by treatment interactions were detected for intake during adaptation or collection periods for either chemical (P > 0.05); therefore, data were pooled across day. Exposure to the volatile aroma for 56 d had no effect on intake during the subsequent 10-d interval for either monoterpene (P > 0.05). Moreover, intake during the collection period was not affected by treatment concentration (P > 0.05). Neither concentration of the terpene applied to alfalfa pellets nor previous exposure to the volatile aroma of camphor or a-pinene altered feed intake under the conditions of this study. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Univ Stat Ctr, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Estell, RE (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Box 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM restell@nmsu.edu NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD APR PY 2005 VL 58 IS 1 BP 33 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2004.08.011 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 915BH UT WOS:000228272100005 ER PT J AU Carroll, MS Cohn, PJ Seesholtz, DN Higgins, LL AF Carroll, MS Cohn, PJ Seesholtz, DN Higgins, LL TI Fire as a galvanizing and fragmenting influence on communities: The case of the Rodeo-Chediski fire SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE conflict; natural/technological disaster; social cohesion ID DISASTERS; RECOVERY; CONFLICT; WILDFIRE AB Large wildfires that burn through the " forest - residential intermix'' are complex events with a variety of social impacts. This study looks at three northern Arizona community clusters directly affected by the 2002 Rodeo - Chediski fire. Our analysis suggests that the fire event led to both the emergence of cohesion and conflict in the study area. Community cohesion was evident as residents " pulled together'' to rebuild their communities. Examples of cohesion included managers of local businesses staying during evacuation to provide for the needs of firefighters, providing shelter and cleanup help for burned- out neighbors, and the emergence of locally based assistance groups. Several types of conflict rooted in blaming and distribution of firefighting and disaster assistance resources were found: cultural, local versus federal, community versus community, intracommunity, and environmental. We suggest that these responses are most usefully understood using the lenses of social psychology ( attribution theory) together with sociology ( structuration theory). Issues and dynamics that resulted in controversy or were seen as locally constraining and those that resulted in cohesion tended to relate to specific local impacts and how outsider actions were either consonant or dissonant with the application of local knowledge, local autonomy, and locally desirable outcomes. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, SW Reg, Taos, NM USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Agr Econ & Rural Sociol, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Carroll, MS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, POB 646410, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM carroll@mail.wsu.edu NR 31 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD APR PY 2005 VL 18 IS 4 BP 301 EP 320 DI 10.1080/08941920590915224 PG 20 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 912ET UT WOS:000228061100002 ER PT J AU Vogt, CA Winter, G Fried, JS AF Vogt, CA Winter, G Fried, JS TI Predicting homeowners' approval of fuel management at the wildland-urban interface using the theory of reasoned action SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE fuel management approaches; fuel treatments; public acceptance; public opinion; resource management; theory of reasoned action; wildland fires ID NATURAL-RESOURCE ISSUES; PLANNED BEHAVIOR; ATTITUDES; FIRE; INFORMATION; QUALITY; TRUST AB Social science models are increasingly needed as a framework for explaining and predicting how members of the public respond to the natural environment and their communities. The theory of reasoned action is widely used in human dimensions research on natural resource problems and work is ongoing to increase the predictive power of models based on this theory. This study examined beliefs, attitudes, and intention to support the implementation of three fuel management approaches ( FMA) - prescribed burning, mechanical fuel reduction, and defensible space ordinances - in three wildland - urban interface ( WUI) areas in the United States. Besides factors prescribed by the theory, the influence of three additional explanatory variables was assessed: past experience, personal importance, and trust. Personal importance of a FMA was a consistently significant predictor of attitude toward that approach, and trust in an agency's implementation of that approach was also a predictor of intention to approve the use of that approach. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Community Agr Recreat & Resource Studies, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Cornerstone Strategies, Bellingham, WA USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Vogt, CA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Community Agr Recreat & Resource Studies, 131 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM vogtc@msu.edu NR 32 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD APR PY 2005 VL 18 IS 4 BP 337 EP 354 DI 10.1080/08941920590915242 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 912ET UT WOS:000228061100004 ER PT J AU Chang, GW Laird, DA Hurburgh, GR AF Chang, GW Laird, DA Hurburgh, GR TI Influence of soil moisture on near-infrared reflectance spectroscopic measurement of soil properties SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE NIRS; near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy; soil testing; precision farming; soil sensing; calibration transfer; moisture; organic carbon; total nitrogen; CEC ID ORGANIC-CARBON; NITROGEN; MANAGEMENT; TILLAGE; RESIDUE; MATTER AB Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS), a nondestructive analytical technique, may someday be used to rapidly and simultaneously quantify several soil properties in agricultural fields. The objectives of this study were to examine the influence of moisture content on the accuracy of NIRS analysis of soil properties and to assess the robustness of a NIRS multivariate calibration technique. Four hundred agricultural soil samples (< 2 mm) from Iowa and Minnesota were studied at two moisture levels: moist and air-dried. The soil properties tested included total C, organic C, inorganic C, total N, CEC, pH, texture, moisture, and potentially mineralizable N. About 70% of the Iowa samples were selected for the calibration set, and the rest of the Iowa samples and all of the Minnesota samples were assigned to validation set I and validation set II, respectively. Calibrations were based on partial least-squares regression (PLSR), using the first differentials of log (1/R) for the 1100 to 2500-nm spectral range. The results for the calibration set and validation set I indicated that NIRS-PLSR was able to predict many soil properties (total C, organic C, inorganic C, total N, CEC, % clay, and moisture) with reasonable accuracy for both the air-dried (R-2 > 0.76) and moist (R-2 > 0.74) soils. The results for validation set II showed that NIRS-PLSR was able to predict some properties of soils (total C, organic C, total N, and moisture content) from a different geographic region, but other soil properties in validation set II were not accurately predicted. Although NIRS-PLSR predictions are slightly more accurate for air-dried soils than for moist soils, the results indicate that the NIRS-PLSR technique can be used for analysis of field moist samples with acceptable accuracy as long as diverse soil samples from the same region are included in the calibration database. C1 Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA USA. RP Laird, DA (reprint author), Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan. EM laird@nstl.gov RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 26 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 21 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 170 IS 4 BP 244 EP 255 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000162289.40879.7b PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 922EW UT WOS:000228820200003 ER PT J AU Puget, P Lal, R Izaurralde, C Post, M Owens, L AF Puget, P Lal, R Izaurralde, C Post, M Owens, L TI Stock and distribution of total and corn-derived soil organic carbon in aggregate and primary particle fractions for different land use and soil management practices SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil C dynamics; delta C-13 analyses; long-term changes in soil quality; aggregation; soil C sequestration; soil structure and carbon; particulate organic matter ID C-13 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; NATIVE GRASSLAND SOILS; CULTIVATED SOILS; NO-TILLAGE; C SEQUESTRATION; SIZE FRACTIONS; MATTER; NITROGEN; DYNAMICS; PARTICULATE AB Land use, soil management, and cropping systems affect stock, distribution, and residence time of soil organic carbon (SOC). Therefore, SOC stock and its depth distribution and association with primary and secondary particles were assessed in long-term experiments at the North Appalachian Experimental Watersheds near Coshocton, Ohio, through delta(13)C techniques. These measurements were made for five land use and soil management treatments: (1) secondary forest, (2) meadow converted from no-till (NT) corn since 1988, (3) continuous NT corn since 1970, (4) continuous NT corn-soybean in rotation With ryegrass since 1984, and (5) conventional plow till (PT) corn since 1984. Soil samples to 70-cm depth were obtained in 2002 in all treatments. Significant differences in soil properties were observed among land use treatments for 0 to 5-cm depth. The SOC concentration (g C kg(-1) of soil) in the 0 to 5-cm layer was 44.0 in forest, 24.0 in meadow, 26.1 in NT corn, 19.5 in NT corn-soybean, and 11.1 in PT corn. The fraction of total C in corn residue converted to SOC was 11.9% for NT corn, 10.6% for NT corn-soybean, and 8.3% for PT corn. The proportion of SOC derived from corn residue was 96% for NT corn in the 0 to 5-cm layer, and it decreased gradually with depth and was 50% in PT corn. The mean SOC sequestration rate on conversion from PT to NT was 280 kg C ha(-1) y(-1). The SOC concentration decreased with reduction in aggregate size, and macro-aggregates contained 15 to 35% more SOC concentration than microaggregates. In comparison with forest, the magnitude of SOC depletion in the 0 to 30-cm layer was 15.5 Mg C/ha (24.0%) in meadow, 12.7 Mg C/ha (19.8%) in NT corn, 17.3 Mg C/ha (26.8%) in NT corn-soybean, and 23.3 Mg C/ha (35.1%) in PT corn. The SOC had a long turnover time when located deeper in the subsoil. Additional research is needed to understand association of SOC with particle and aggregate size fractions and temporal changes and depth distribution with regard to land use and soil management. C1 Ohio State Univ, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Lab, Washington, DC USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. USDA ARS, N Appalachian Exptl Watersheds, Coshocton, OH USA. RP Lal, R (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM lal.1@osu.edu RI Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012; El Husny, Chafic/G-5410-2012; Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 63 TC 30 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 35 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 170 IS 4 BP 256 EP 279 DI 10.1097/01.ss.000162288.02761.37 PG 24 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 922EW UT WOS:000228820200004 ER PT J AU McDaniel, PA Wilson, MA Burt, R Lammers, D Thorson, TD McGrath, CL Peterson, N AF McDaniel, PA Wilson, MA Burt, R Lammers, D Thorson, TD McGrath, CL Peterson, N TI Andic soils of the inland Pacific Northwest, USA: Properties and ecological significance SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE andisols; andosols; volcanic ash ID NORTHERN IDAHO; MOUNT MAZAMA; SPODOSOLS; HORIZON; FORMS; FE; AL AB Holocene tephra from the cataclysmic eruption of Mount Mazama in southwestern Oregon is an important component of many soils east of Cascade Mountains in the Pacific Northwest region. This article examines ecologically important properties of these tephra-influenced soils. Characterization data from 886 soil horizons (384 pedons) of the region meeting criteria for andic soil properties or subgroup classification as andic or vitrandic intergrades in Soil Taxonomy were used to compare morphological, chemical, and physical properties. Mazama tephra typically comprises a significant portion of a surface mantle with textures ranging from silt loam in areas distal to the tephra source to very gravelly loamy coarse sand in proximal locations. Tephra has been mixed to varying degrees with other parent materials across the region. On,average, volcanic glass only comprises 31.1% of the 0.05 to 2-mm fraction and has a bimodal distribution, suggesting that some tephra was deposited with significant quantities of dust or, that since deposition, considerable reworking and mixing of glass has occurred. Oxalate-extractable A1 ranges from 0.04 to 5.4% and provides the best indicator of colloidal surface activity as indicated by P retention. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) determined at field pH (ECEC) averages 7.8 cmol, kg(-1) and is less than one-third the CEC determined at pH 8.2, indicating considerable variable charge and relatively low capacity of these soils to store and supply nutrient cations. Mineralogical data suggest that a reduced pool of secondary A1 may be limiting allophane formation in soil horizons with less tephra influence. Volumetric water-holding capacity of ash-influenced horizons is as much as twice that of underlying horizons and underscores the importance of tephra in seasonally dry, forested ecosystems of the Inland Northwest region. C1 Univ Idaho, Soil & Land Resources Div, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. USDA, NRCS, Soil Survey Lab, Lincoln, NE USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Portland, OR USA. USDA, NRCS, Portland, OR USA. USDA, NRCS, Spokane, WA USA. RP McDaniel, PA (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Soil & Land Resources Div, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM pmcdaniel@uidho.edu RI McDaniel, Paul/A-8954-2009 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 7 U2 22 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 170 IS 4 BP 300 EP 311 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000162293.71373.32 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 922EW UT WOS:000228820200007 ER PT J AU Arriaga, FJ Lowery, B AF Arriaga, FJ Lowery, B TI Spatial distribution of carbon over an eroded landscape in southwest Wisconsin SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE erosion; soil carbon; spatial variability; 3D soil map; carbon sequestration ID PROFILE CONE PENETROMETER; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; EROSION AB Spatial distribution of carbon (C) within a soil profile and across a landscape is influenced by many factors including vegetation, soil erosion, water infiltration, and drainage. For this reason, we attempted to determine the soil C distribution of an eroded soil. A three-dimensional (3D) map of a 0.72 ha field with a Dubuque silt loam soil which has three levels of erosion (slight, moderate, and severe) was developed using soil distribution and profile data collected using a profile cone penetrometer (PCP). This map displays the distribution of the total depth of the Ap and Bt1 horizons and the upper part of the 2Bt2 horizon. A map of soil C distribution was created for this landscape using C content information obtained from soil samples. Based on the C distribution in the upper two horizons, a 3D viewing was developed of soil C distribution for this eroded landscape. The 3D assessment of C distribution provides a better means of assessing the impact of soil erosion on C fate. It was estimated that there were 52 Mg ha(-1) of total C in the surface (Ap) horizon and 61 Mg ha(-1) in the Bt1 horizon for the 0.72 ha area. This increase in C with depth in the soil can be attributed to an increase in clay content and C leaching resulting in stable carbon-clay complexes. The C content was 16.0, 17.5, and 19.0 g kg(-1) for the Ap horizon in the slight, moderate, and severe erosion levels, respectively. However, it was estimated that the total C amount in the respective Ap horizons was 28, 14, and 10 Mg ha(-1) for the slight, moderate, and severe areas. The Bt1 horizon had 31, 19, and 11 Mg ha(-1) of C in the slight, moderate, and severe areas, respectively. For the 0.72 ha area, 25% was severely eroded with 31 and 44% being moderate and slight, respectively. Soil C distribution information, such as that presented here, can be very valuable for soil management and could be used to determine possible C storage credits. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Arriaga, FJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM farriaga@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD APR PY 2005 VL 81 IS 2 BP 155 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.still.2004.09.004 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 919LB UT WOS:000228618400003 ER PT J AU Reicosky, DC Lindstrom, MJ Schumacher, TE Lobb, DA Malo, DD AF Reicosky, DC Lindstrom, MJ Schumacher, TE Lobb, DA Malo, DD TI Tillage-induced CO2 loss across an eroded landscape SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE tillage; erosion; carbon; soil properties; moldboard plow; chisel plow ID SPATIAL VARIABILITY; SOIL-EROSION; CHAMBER; RATES; TRANSLOCATION; PRODUCTIVITY; PATTERNS; COVER; FLUX AB Soil carbon (C) losses and soil translocation from tillage operations have been identified as causes of soil degradation and soil erosion. The objective of this work was to quantify the variability in tillage-induced carbon dioxide (CO2) loss by moldboard (MP) and chisel (CP) plowing across an eroded landscape and relate the C loss to soil properties. The study site was a 4 ha wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Marshall) field with rolling topography and five soil types in the Svea-Barnes complex in west central Minnesota (N. Latitude = 45 degrees 41'W, Longitude = 95 degrees 43'). Soil properties were measured at several depths at a 10 m spacing along north-south (N-S) and west-east (W-E) transects through severely eroded, moderately eroded and non-eroded sites. Conventional MP (25 cm deep) and CP (15 cm deep) equipment were used along the pre-marked transects. Gas exchange measurements were obtained with a large, portable chamber within 2 m of each sample site following tillage. The measured CO2 fluxes were largest with the MP > CP > not tilled (before tillage). The variation in 24 h cumulative CO2 flux from MP was nearly 3-fold on the N-S transect and 4-fold on the W-E transect. The surface soil organic C on the transects was lowest on the eroded knolls at 5.1 g C kg(-1) and increased to 19.6 g C kg(-1) in the depositional areas. The lowest CO2 fluxes were measured from severely eroded sites which indicated that the variation in CO2 loss was partially reflected by the degradation of soil properties caused by historic tillage-induced soil translocation with some wind and water erosion. The spatial variation across the rolling landscape complicates the determination of non-point sources of soil C loss and suggests the need for improved conservation tillage methods to maintain soil and air quality in agricultural production systems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Reicosky, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM reicosky@morris.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD APR PY 2005 VL 81 IS 2 BP 183 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.still.2004.09.007 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 919LB UT WOS:000228618400006 ER PT J AU Al-Sheikh, A Delgado, JA Barbarick, K Sparks, R Dillon, M Qian, Y Cardon, G AF Al-Sheikh, A Delgado, JA Barbarick, K Sparks, R Dillon, M Qian, Y Cardon, G TI Effects of potato-grain rotations on soil erosion, carbon dynamics and properties of rangeland sandy soils SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; erosion; nitrogen sequestration; particulate organic matter; microbial biomass; soil organic matter; rangelands ID ORGANIC-CARBON; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; GRASSLAND SOILS; NITROGEN; MATTER; STEPPE; MINERALIZATION; DIMENSIONS; MANAGEMENT; PHOSPHORUS AB The potential for wind erosion in South Central Colorado is greatest in the spring, especially after harvesting of crops such as potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) that leave small amounts of crop residue in the surface after harvest. Therefore it is important to implement best management practices that reduce potential wind erosion and that we understand how cropping systems are impacting soil erosion, carbon dynamics, and properties of rangeland sandy soils. We evaluate the effects of cropping systems on soil physical and chemical properties of rangeland sandy soils. The cropping system included a small grain-potato rotation. An uncultivated rangeland site and three fields that two decades ago were converted from rangeland into cultivated centerpivot-irrigation-sprinkler fields were also sampled. Plant and soil samples were collected in the rangeland area and the three adjacent cultivated sites. The soils at these sites were classified as a Gunbarrel loamy sand (Mixed, frigid Typic Psammaquent). We found that for the rangeland site, soil where brush species were growing exhibited C sequestration and increases in soil organic matter (SOM) while the bare soil areas of the rangeland are losing significant amounts of fine particles, nutrients and soil organic carbon (SOM-C) mainly due to wind erosion. When we compared the cultivated sites to the uncultivated rangeland, we found that the SOM-C and soil organic matter nitrogen (SOM-N) increased with increases in crop residue returned into the soils. Our results showed that even with potato crops, which are high intensity cultivated cropping systems, we can maintain the SOM-C with a rotation of two small grain crops (all residue incorporated) and one potato crop, or potentially increase the average SOM-C with a rotation of four small grain crops (all residue incorporated) and one potato crop. Erosion losses of fine silt and clay particles were reduced with the inclusion of small grains. Small grains have the potential to contribute to the conservation of SOM and/or sequester SOM-C and SOM-N for these rangeland systems that have very low C content and that are also losing C from their bare soils areas (40%). Cultivation of these rangelands using rotations with at least two small grain crops can reduce erosion and maintain SOM-C and increasing the number of small grain crops grown successfully in rotation above two will potentially contribute to C and N sequestration as SOM and to the sequestration of macro- and micro-nutrients. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. USDA, NRCS, Alamosa, CO USA. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jdelgado@lamar.colostate.edu RI Barbarick, Kenneth/B-7974-2013; Cardon, Grant/O-4863-2014 OI Barbarick, Kenneth/0000-0002-8779-0740; NR 45 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD APR PY 2005 VL 81 IS 2 BP 227 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.still.2004.09.010 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 919LB UT WOS:000228618400010 ER PT J AU Eynard, A Schumacher, TE Lindstrom, MJ Malo, DD AF Eynard, A Schumacher, TE Lindstrom, MJ Malo, DD TI Effects of agricultural management systems on soil organic carbon in aggregates of Ustolls and Usterts SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soil organic C; water erosion; wind erosion; soil management; no-till ID PARTICLE-SIZE FRACTIONS; NO-TILLAGE SOILS; WATER-CONTENT; MATTER; STABILITY; DYNAMICS AB Soil erosion contributes to the removal and redistribution of soil organic C from cultivated fields. The soil organic C content of wind erodible and water unstable aggregates is an important factor in determining the amount of carbon loss occurring in erosion processes. The relative distribution of organic carbon among aggregate size fractions may also affect the response of soils to erosion. Soil organic C distribution is dependent on the chosen management system. The effects of no-till, till, and grassland management systems on organic C content of erodible and non-erodible aggregates were examined in six Ustolls and two Usterts of central South Dakota. Organic C contents were related to dry- and wet-sieving to represent the potential influence of wind and water erosion on C loss in the absence of vegetative cover. Loss of aggregate stability in cultivated soils was associated with organic C loss. Most structural characteristics developed under tilled systems persisted after 6-16 years of no-till. Changes in distribution of organic C due to management systems were most evident in Ustolls where cultivation resulted in net soil C losses. Soil organic C was not significantly increased by the no-tillage practices applied in this on-farm study (in Ustolls 49 Mg ha(-1) in no-till versus 41 Mg ha-1 in till, for 0-0.20 m depth). Soil properties of Usterts were less affected by land use and management practices due to the high shrink swell action and self-mixing. In both soil orders the greater concentration of organic C in the wind erodible (< 1 mm) dry aggregate size fraction implies a high potential for organic C loss by erosion in addition to organic C loss from mineralization after tillage. Grassland when compared to cultivated topsoil showed the largest amounts of organic carbon stored and the minimal potential for erosion loss of soil organic C. (c) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 S Dakota State Univ, NPB 247A, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USDA, ARS, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Schumacher, TE (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, NPB 247A, Box 2410C, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM thomas_schumacher@sdstate.edu NR 33 TC 32 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD APR PY 2005 VL 81 IS 2 BP 253 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.still.2004.09.012 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 919LB UT WOS:000228618400012 ER PT J AU Stewart, H Davis, DE AF Stewart, H Davis, DE TI Price dispersion and accessibility: A case study of fast food SO SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION; EQUILIBRIUM AB This study examines spatial variation in the price and accessibility of fast food across a major urban area. We use novel data on the price of a representative fast-food meal and the location of fast-food restaurants belonging to one of three major chains in the District of Columbia and its surrounding suburbs. These data are used to test a structural model of spatial competition. The results of this study are easily interpreted and compared with a past analysis. We find that spatial differences in costs and demand conditions drive variation in the number of firms operating in a market, which in turn affects prices. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Stewart, H (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1800 M St NW,Room N-2134, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM hstewart@ers.usda.gov; ddavis@ers.usda.gov RI Davis, David/K-7680-2015 OI Davis, David/0000-0003-2418-5356 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV NORTH CAROLINA PI CHAPEL HILL PA SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27514 USA SN 0038-4038 J9 SOUTH ECON J JI South. Econ. J. PD APR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 4 BP 784 EP 799 PG 16 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 917CL UT WOS:000228433500007 ER PT J AU Polaske, NW Wood, AL Campbell, MR Nagan, MC Pollak, LM AF Polaske, NW Wood, AL Campbell, MR Nagan, MC Pollak, LM TI Amylose determination of native high-amylose corn starches by differential scanning calorimetry SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article DE maize; amylomaize; DSC AB Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was investigated as an alternative method to more conventional iodine-binding methods for determining starch amylose in a maize breeding program, because it requires fewer steps. In addition, many current DSC instruments are now equipped with sampling robots for performing automated analysis. The iodine-binding method and a recently described DSC method for amylose determination were compared using five commercial starch samples. In addition, two sets (Set 1 and Set 2) of germplasm samples obtained from a high-amylose breeding program were examined using each method. Correlation coefficients (r(2)) between the two methods for the commercial starch samples, Set 1 and Set 2 were found to be 0.99, 0.89 and 0.82, respectively, suggesting a good correlation but with greater discrepancy between them with increasingly higher amylose values. The DSC method appeared to have an improved repeatability, because its associated CV value was lower (4.1%) compared to the iodine-binding method (5.8%). It was concluded that the DSC method should be effective in discriminating high-amylose genotypes in a breeding program specifically designed to identify maize starches with amylose values at or above 70%. C1 Truman State Univ, Sci Div, Kirksville, MO 63501 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS Corn Insects & Crop Genet, Ames, IA USA. RP Campbell, MR (reprint author), Truman State Univ, Sci Div, Kirksville, MO 63501 USA. EM campbell@truman.edu NR 11 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD APR PY 2005 VL 57 IS 3-4 BP 118 EP 123 DI 10.1002/star.200400368 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 916XF UT WOS:000228419200002 ER PT J AU Sfanos, K Harmody, D Dang, P Ledger, A Pomponi, S McCarthy, P Lopez, J AF Sfanos, K Harmody, D Dang, P Ledger, A Pomponi, S McCarthy, P Lopez, J TI A molecular systematic survey of cultured microbial associates of deep-water marine invertebrates SO SYSTEMATIC AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE marine microorganisms; 16S rRNA; culture collection; sponge symbiosis ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; SPONGE RHOPALOEIDES ODORABILE; CERATOPORELLA-NICHOLSONI; PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY; CARIBBEAN SCLEROSPONGE; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; CLASS PROTEOBACTERIA; RESTRICTION ANALYSIS; ALVINELLA-POMPEJANA; PELAGIC BACTERIA AB A taxonomic survey was conducted to determine the microbial diversity held within the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Marine Microbial Culture Collection (HBMMCC). The collection consists of approximately 17,000 microbial isolates, with 11,000 from a depth of greater than 150 ft seawater. A total of 2273 heterotrophic bacterial isolates were inventoried using the DNA fingerprinting technique amplified rDNA restriction analysis on approximately 750-800 base pairs (bp) encompassing hypervariable regions in the 5' portion of the small subunit (SSU) 16S rRNA gene. Restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns obtained from restriction digests with RsaI, HaeIII, and HhaI were used to infer taxonomic similarity. SSU 16S rDNA fragments were sequenced from a total of 356 isolates for more definitive taxonomic analysis. Sequence results show that this subset of the HBMMCC contains 224 different phylotypes from six major bacterial clades (Proteobacteria (Alpha, Beta, Gamma), Cytophaga, Flavobacteria, and Bacteroides (CFB), Gram + high GC content, Gram + low GC content). The 2273 microorganisms surveyed encompass 834 α-Proteobacteria (representing 60 different phylotypes), 25 β-Proteobacteria (3 phylotypes), 767 γ-Proteobacteria (77 phylotypes), 122 CFB (17 phylotypes), 327 Gram + high GC content (43 phylotypes), and 198 Gram + low GC content isolates (24 phylotypes). Notably, 11 phylotypes were &LE; 93% similar to the closest sequence match in the GenBank database even after sequencing a larger portion of the 16S rRNA gene (&SIM; 1400 bp), indicating the likely discovery of novel microbial taxa. Furthermore, previously reported "uncultured" microbes, such as sponge-specific isolates, are part of the HBMMCC. The results of this research will be available online as a searchable taxonomic database (www.hboi.edu/dbmr/dbmr_hbmmd.html). © 2004 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Div Biomed Marine Res, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Lopez, J (reprint author), Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Div Biomed Marine Res, 5600 US Hwy 1, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM Lopez@hboi.edu OI Lopez, Jose/0000-0002-1637-4125; McCarthy, Peter/0000-0002-2396-7463 NR 69 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 12 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0723-2020 J9 SYST APPL MICROBIOL JI Syst. Appl. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 28 IS 3 BP 242 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.syapm.2004.12.002 PG 23 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 926GT UT WOS:000229112000007 PM 15900971 ER PT J AU Berry, PE Cordeiro, I Wiedenhoeft, AC Vitorino-Cruz, MA De Lima, LR AF Berry, PE Cordeiro, I Wiedenhoeft, AC Vitorino-Cruz, MA De Lima, LR TI Brasiliocroton, a new crotonoid genus of Euphorbiaceae s.s. from Eastern Brazil SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article ID SYNOPSIS; WOOD AB A new genus and species of Euphorbiaceae s.s., Brasiliocroton mamoninha, is described from two disjunct areas of lowland forest remnants in eastern and northeastern Brazil. It is a member of tribe Crotoneae and was previously confused with Croton and Micrandra. The resemblance to Micrandra is based on the branched inflorescences and terminal position of the pistillate flowers, trigonous capsules, and ovate leaves with basal glands, but the stamens are more numerous and the pollen is inaperturate (like Croton). Brasiliocroton has a stellate-rosulate indumentum like some Croton species, but its anthers are erect in bud, and the position of the pistillate flowers is anomalous in Croton. Molecular data place Brasiliocroton as the closest sister group to Croton, once Astraea has been removed from Croton and placed sister to Acidocroton and Ophellantha. Wood anatomical features support the generic status of Brasiliocroton. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Secretaria Meio Ambiente, Inst Bot, BR-01061970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. USP, IB, Dept Bot, Lab Sistemat Vegetal, BR-05340901 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Berry, PE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, 132 Birge Hall,430 Lincoln Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM peberry@wisc.edu; isandona@uol.com.br; acwieden@wisc.edu; lerilima@hotmail.com RI Cordeiro, Ines/C-9556-2012 OI Cordeiro, Ines/0000-0002-2626-5280 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI BRONX PA NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, BRONX, NY 10458-5126 USA SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 30 IS 2 BP 357 EP 365 DI 10.1600/0363644054223585 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 938QX UT WOS:000230019000011 ER PT J AU Peralta, IE Knapp, SK Spooner, DM AF Peralta, IE Knapp, SK Spooner, DM TI New species of wild tomatoes (Solanum section Lycopersicon: Solanaceae) from Northern Peru SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article ID MILL. WETTST.; PHYLOGENY AB Solanum arcanum and S. huaylasense, two new wild tomato species segregated from Solanum peruvianum sensu lato, are described and illustrated. These two new species are placed in a key with two other segregates of S. peruvianum sensu lato: S. peruvianum sensu stricto and S. corneliomulleri, and the morphologically similar species S. chilense. We also present a list of all 13 species of wild tomatoes we recognize, and their equivalent former names in Lycopersicon. C1 Natl Univ Cuyo, Dept Biol Sci, RA-5505 Mendoza, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, IADIZA, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Bot, London SW7 5BD, England. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA, ARS,Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Peralta, IE (reprint author), Natl Univ Cuyo, Dept Biol Sci, Almirante Brown 500, RA-5505 Mendoza, Argentina. EM iperalta@fca.uncu.edu.ar NR 17 TC 62 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI BRONX PA NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, BRONX, NY 10458-5126 USA SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 30 IS 2 BP 424 EP 434 DI 10.1600/0363644054223657 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 938QX UT WOS:000230019000015 ER PT J AU Han, HY Norrbom, AL AF Han, HY Norrbom, AL TI A systematic revision of the New World species of Trypeta Meigen (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SENECIO-JACOBAEA; TANSY RAGWORT; INSECTS; FEED AB The tephritid genus Trypeta is revised for the New World and a key, descriptions, illustrations, and phylogeny provided for the eighteen species recognized: Trypeta bifasciata, sp.n., californiensis, sp.n., chiapasensis, sp.n., concolor (Wulp), costaricana, sp.n., denticulata, sp.n., flaveola Coquillett, flavifasciata, sp.n., footei, sp.n., fractura (Coquillett), inclinata, sp.n., maculata, sp.n., maculosa (Coquillett), melanoura, sp.n., reducta, sp.n., rufata (Wulp), striata (Wulp), and wulpi, sp.n. Lectotypes are designated for Spilographa fractura Coquillett and Spilographa maculosa Coquillett. Trypeta (Acidia) tortile Coquillett, Acidia sigma Phillips, and Trypeta angustigena Foote are synonymized with Trypeta flaveola Coquillett. Based upon many specimens, we redefine Trypeta flaveola as a widely distributed and morphologically highly variable species. New host plant records are provided for five species, and host data and other information on the biology and immature stages of all of the New World Trypeta species are summarized and discussed. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that the majority of New World Trypeta species form a monophyletic group that diversified in the southwestern U.S.A. and Mesoamerica. C1 Yonsei Univ, Dept Life Sci, Wonju 220710, Gangwon Do, South Korea. Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Han, HY (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Life Sci, 234 Maeji Ri, Wonju 220710, Gangwon Do, South Korea. EM hyhan@dragon.yonsei.ac.kr NR 47 TC 5 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0307-6970 J9 SYST ENTOMOL JI Syst. Entomol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 30 IS 2 BP 208 EP 247 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2005.00268.x PG 40 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 911PM UT WOS:000228016600004 ER PT J AU Sim, S Chang, T Curley, J Warnke, SE Barker, RE Jung, G AF Sim, S Chang, T Curley, J Warnke, SE Barker, RE Jung, G TI Chromosomal rearrangements differentiating the ryegrass genome from the Triticeae, oat, and rice genomes using common heterologous RFLP probes SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-GENETIC MAPS; HORDEUM-VULGARE; LINKAGE MAPS; DNA PROBES; WHEAT; LOLIUM; MAIZE; GRASSES; POACEAE; POPULATION AB An restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-based genetic map of ryegrass (Lolium) was constructed for comparative mapping with other Poaceae species using heterologous anchor probes. The genetic map contained 120 RFLP markers from cDNA clones of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oat (Avena sativa L.), and rice (Oryza sativa L.), covering 664 cM on seven linkage groups (LGs). The genome comparisons of ryegrass relative to the Triticeae, oat, and rice extended the syntenic relationships among the species. Seven ryegrass linkage groups were represented by 10 syntenic segments of Triticeae chromosomes, 12 syntenic segments of oat chromosomes, or 16 syntenic segments of rice chromosomes, suggesting that the ryegrass genome has a high degree of genome conservation relative to the Triticeae, oat, and rice. Furthermore, we found ten large-scale chromosomal rearrangements that characterize the ryegrass genome. In detail, a chromosomal rearrangement was observed on ryegrass LG4 relative to the Triticeae, four rearrangements on ryegrass LGs2, 4, 5, and 6 relative to oat, and five rearrangements on ryegrass LGs1, 2, 4, 5, and 7 relative to rice. Of these, seven chromosomal rearrangements are reported for the first time in this study. The extended comparative relationships reported in this study facilitate the transfer of genetic knowledge from well-studied major cereal crops to ryegrass. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Natl Arboretum, Washington, DC 20002 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Jung, G (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jung@plantpath.wisc.edu NR 33 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD APR PY 2005 VL 110 IS 6 BP 1011 EP 1019 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1916-1 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 919UB UT WOS:000228642000003 PM 15742203 ER PT J AU Spooner, DM Nunez, J Rodriguez, F Naik, PS Ghislain, M AF Spooner, DM Nunez, J Rodriguez, F Naik, PS Ghislain, M TI Nuclear and chloroplast DNA reassessment of the origin of Indian potato varieties and its implications for the origin of the early European potato SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; CULTIVATED POTATO; EVOLUTION; POPULATIONS AB The modern cultivated potato was first recorded in Europe in 1562, but its area( s) of exportation has long been in dispute. Two competing hypotheses have proposed an "Andean'' area ( somewhere from upland Venezuela to northern Argentina) or a lowland south central "Chilean'' area. Potato landraces from these two areas can be distinguished, although sometimes with difficulty, by ( 1) cytoplasmic sterility factors, ( 2) morphological traits, ( 3) daylength adaptation, ( 4) microsatellite markers, and ( 5) co-evolved chloroplast (cp) and mitochondria (mt) DNA. The Chilean introduction hypothesis originally was proposed because of similarities among Chilean landraces and modern "European'' cultivars with respect to traits 2 and 3. Alternatively, the Andean introduction hypothesis suggests that ( 1) traits 2 and 3 of European potato evolved rapidly, in parallel, from Andean landraces to a Chilean type through selection following import to Europe, and ( 2) the worldwide late blight epidemics beginning in 1845 in the United Kingdom displaced most existing European cultivars and the potato was subsequently improved by importations of Chilean landraces. We reassess these two competing hypotheses with nuclear microsatellite and cpDNA analyses of ( 1) 32 Indian cultivars, some of which are thought to preserve putatively remnant populations of Andean landraces, (2) 12 Andean landraces, and ( 3) five Chilean landraces. Our microsatellite results cluster all Indian cultivars, including putatively remnant Andean landrace populations, with the Chilean landraces, and none with the "old Andigenum'' landraces. Some of these Indian landraces, however, lack the cpDNA typical of Chilean landraces and advanced cultivars, indicating they likely are hybrids of Andean landraces with Chilean clones or more advanced cultivars. These results lead us to reexamine the hypothesis that early introductions of potato to Europe were solely from the Andes. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Int Potato Ctr, Lima 12, Peru. Cent Potato Res Inst, Shimla 171001, Himachal Prades, India. RP Spooner, DM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dspooner@wisc.edu NR 38 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD APR PY 2005 VL 110 IS 6 BP 1020 EP 1026 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1917-0 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 919UB UT WOS:000228642000004 PM 15754208 ER PT J AU Gu, XY Kianian, SF Hareland, GA Hoffer, BL Foley, ME AF Gu, XY Kianian, SF Hareland, GA Hoffer, BL Foley, ME TI Genetic analysis of adaptive syndromes interrelated with seed dormancy in weedy rice (Oryza sativa) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; DOMESTICATION-RELATED TRAITS; GRAIN DORMANCY; WHEAT; INHERITANCE; RESISTANCE; EVOLUTION; BARLEY; CROSS; WILD AB Seed dormancy in rice interrelates to the weedy characteristics shattering, awn, black hull color, and red pericarp color. A cross between the weedy strain SS18-2 and the breeding line EM93-1 was developed to investigate the genetic basis and adaptive significance of these interrelationships. These characteristics or their components differed in average degree of dominance from -0.8 to 1.5, in heritability from 0.5 to 0.96, and in their contribution to phenotypic or genotypic variation in dormancy by up to 25%. Five dormancy, four shattering, and three awn-length quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected in the BC1 population replicated in 2 years. Two QTLs for hull color were identified, and the SS18-2-derived and EM93-1-derived alleles increased the intensity of black, and red or yellow pigmentations, respectively. The only QTL for pericarp color co-located with the red pericarp gene Rc, with the SS18-2-derived allele increasing the intensity of black and red pigmentations. Four of the five dormancy QTLs were flanked or bracketed by one to four QTLs for the interrelated characteristics. The QTL organization pattern indicates the central role of seed dormancy in adaptive syndromes for non-domesticated plants, implies that the elimination of dormancy from cultivars could arise from the selections against multiple interrelated characteristics, and challenges the use of dormancy genes at these loci in breeding varieties for resistance to pre-harvest sprouting (PHS). However, another QTL (qSD12) provides candidate gene(s) for PHS resistance because it has a large effect in the population and it is independent of the loci for interrelated characteristics. C1 ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. ARS, No Crop Sci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Foley, ME (reprint author), ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM foleym@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 65 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD APR PY 2005 VL 110 IS 6 BP 1108 EP 1118 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-1939-2 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 919UB UT WOS:000228642000015 PM 15782297 ER PT J AU Beedanagari, SR Dove, SK Wood, BW Conner, PJ AF Beedanagari, SR Dove, SK Wood, BW Conner, PJ TI A first linkage map of pecan cultivars based on RAPD and AFLP markers SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAPS; MALATE-DEHYDROGENASE; QTL ANALYSIS; INHERITANCE; L.; TRAITS; GENOME; MICROSATELLITE; CONSTRUCTION; POLYMORPHISM AB We report here the first genetic linkage maps of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch], using random amplified polymorphic DNA ( RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Independent maps were constructed for the cultivars 'Pawnee' and 'Elliot' using the double pseudotestcross mapping strategy and 120 F(1) seedlings from a full-sib family. A total of 477 markers, including 217 RAPD, 258 AFLP, and two morphological markers were used in linkage analysis. The 'Pawnee' linkage map has 218 markers, comprising 176 testcross and 42 intercross markers placed in 16 major and 13 minor ( doublets and triplets) linkage groups. The 'Pawnee' linkage map covered 2,227 cM with an average map distance of 12.7 cM between adjacent markers. The 'Elliot' linkage map has 174 markers comprising 150 testcross and 22 intercross markers placed in 17 major and nine minor linkage groups. The 'Elliot' map covered 1,698 cM with an average map distance of 11.2 cM between adjacent markers. Segregation ratios for dichogamy type and stigma color were not significantly different from 1: 1, suggesting that both traits are controlled by single loci with protogyny and green stigmas dominant to protandry and red stigmas. These loci were tightly linked (1.9 cM) and were placed in 'Elliot' linkage group 16. These linkage maps are an important first step towards the detection of genes controlling horticulturally important traits such as nut size, nut maturity date, kernel quality, and disease resistance. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Athens, GA 30602 USA. ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Conner, PJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton Campus,115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM pconner@uga.edu NR 47 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD APR PY 2005 VL 110 IS 6 BP 1127 EP 1137 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-1944-5 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 919UB UT WOS:000228642000017 PM 15782296 ER PT J AU Wang, ML Goldstein, C Su, W Moore, PH Albert, HH AF Wang, ML Goldstein, C Su, W Moore, PH Albert, HH TI Production of biologically active GM-CSF in sugarcane: a secure biofactory SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE biofactory; ER retention; GM-CSF; recombinant protein; sugarcane ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CELLS; PLANTS; GLYCOSYLATION; PROTEINS; FUSION AB Over 300 transgenic sugarcane plants representing approx. 200 independent lines producing the human cytokine granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were analyzed for recombinant protein accumulation and activity levels. Expression constructs differed in use of the maize polyubiquitin 1, Mubi-1, or the sugarcane polyubiquitin 9, SCubi9, promoters; presence or absence of a C-terminal HDEL tag for ER retention; and presence or absence of a 6X Histidine tag for metal ion affinity purification. Accumulation of GM-CSF protein ranged from undetectable to 0.02% of total soluble protein. No significant difference was observed between the two promoters; however, the ER retention tag was required for higher accumulation levels. Human bone marrow cells (TF-1), which require GM-CSF for cell division, proliferated when growth media was supplemented with transgenic sugarcane extracts. Comparison to purified commercially produced GM-CSF indicated the sugarcane-produced protein had essentially identical activity levels. In a 14-month field trial, accumulation levels remained stable. This is the first report of field production of GM-CSF. During the field trial, no flowering of the trial plants occurred; no pollen or seed was produced. Drying, burning, and burial of the test plants effectively blocked possible routes for the transgenic sugarcane to enter the environment or food supply. Sugarcane may provide a highly secure system for biofactory production of pharmaceutical proteins. C1 USDA, ARS, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP USDA, ARS, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. EM halbert@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 38 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-8819 EI 1573-9368 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD APR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 167 EP 178 DI 10.1007/s11248-004-5415-6 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 942VX UT WOS:000230312100008 PM 16022388 ER PT J AU Bassett, CL Nickerson, ML Farrell, RE Artlip, TS El Ghaouth, A Wilson, CL Wisniewski, ME AF Bassett, CL Nickerson, ML Farrell, RE Artlip, TS El Ghaouth, A Wilson, CL Wisniewski, ME TI Characterization of an S-locus receptor protein kinase-like gene from peach SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE photoperiod; salicylic acid; signal transduction; UV-C light ID BRASSICA SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; UV-C; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; OLERACEA; LIGAND; PHOSPHORYLATION; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION; GROWTH AB A receptor-like protein kinase gene (Ppsrkl1) was isolated from a peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.) bark cDNA library prepared with RNAs isolated from bark collected in December (cold acclimated). Sequence analysis indicated that this gene is related to the S-locus family of receptor protein kinases (SRKs) and that it shares greatest homology with ZMPK1 from maize and At4g32300 from Arabidopsis, both of which are intron-less genes. In bark tissues, Ppsrkl1 is induced by water deficit treatment, repressed by short-day photoperiods and showed no response to cold treatment. The Ppsrkl1 mRNA also increased in roots in response to water deficit. In fruit, Ppsrkl1 shows no response up to 6 It after wounding, but at 12 and 24 h after wounding, Ppsrkl1 mRNA shows an abrupt decline. This decline was prevented by the addition of salicylic acid to the wound site. The Ppsrkl1 mRNA rapidly decreased in fruit after 10-min exposure to UV-C radiation, followed by a return to normal levels within 1.5 h. Taken together, these experiments indicate that Ppsrkl1 is negatively regulated by light and positively influenced by salicylic acid treatment in fruit and water stress in bark and roots. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NCI, Immunol Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, York, PA 17403 USA. RIM Informat, Nouakchott, Mauritania. RP Bassett, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM cbassett@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 403 EP 411 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 911XX UT WOS:000228041200003 PM 15687089 ER PT J AU Kozak, JA Ahuja, LR Ma, LW Green, TR AF Kozak, JA Ahuja, LR Ma, LW Green, TR TI Scaling and estimation of evaporation and transpiration of water across soil textures SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Vadose Zone Research Meeting CY NOV, 2003 CL Valladolid, SPAIN ID HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; INFILTRATION; FIELD; CONDUCTIVITY; MANAGEMENT; RETENTION; MEDIA; MODEL; FLOW AB A recent study showed all parameters in the Brooks-Corey equations of soil hydraulic properties are strongly correlated to the pore-size distribution index (lambda). These lambda values relate and can scale cumulative infiltration and water contents during redistribution across dissimilar textural classes under different rainfall and initial conditions. The objectives of this work were to explore if relationships exist between evaporation ( E) and transpiration T) and lambda across different soil types and if these relationships can be used to scale E and T among these soils. The Root Zone Water Quality Model generated evaporation under four potential rates and transpiration under one potential rate with a goose-grass [Eleusine indica ( L.) Gaertn.] in 11 soil textural classes under near-saturated initial conditions. Stage I cumulative evaporation or transpiration that occurs when the soil is sufficiently wet to meet the potential rates had a quadratic relationship with lambda. However, both Stage II cumulative evaporation and transpiration were cubic functions of lambda with time-dependent coefficients. It is shown that these relationships can be used to estimate both Stage I and II cumulative evaporation and transpiration across unknown soils, especially when data for one dominant reference soil type is known. The methods developed for estimating cumulative evaporation were applied and compared with experimental results of three initially saturated soils under constant evaporation with good results. These results for simple homogeneous soils should be useful in quantifying spatial variability of evaporation and transpiration in the field under similar conditions, and could form the basis for further research of more complex conditions. C1 ARS, USDA, NPA, GPSR, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Kozak, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NPA, GPSR, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,2055, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM joseph.kozak@ars.usda.gov RI Green, Timothy/E-1178-2011 NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 15 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD APR PY 2005 VL 4 IS 2 BP 418 EP 427 DI 10.2136/vzj2004.0119 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 935RO UT WOS:000229799800016 ER PT J AU Chow, AT Guo, FM Gao, SD Breuer, R Dahlgren, RA AF Chow, AT Guo, FM Gao, SD Breuer, R Dahlgren, RA TI Filter pore size selection for characterizing dissolved organic carbon and trihalomethane precursors from soils SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE colloidal organic carbon; particulate organic carbon; peat soil; Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta; salt effects; UV254 ID THM PRECURSOR; DOC; MATTER; CA AB Filters with a pore size of 0.45 mu m have been arbitrarily used for isolating dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in natural waters. This operationally defined DOC fraction often contains heterogeneous organic carbon compounds that may lead to inconsistent results when evaluating trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP). A finer pore size filter provides more homogeneous DOC properties and enables a better characterization of organic matter. In this study, we examined the effects of filter pore size (1.2, 0.45, 0.1 and 0.025 mu m) on characterizing total organic carbon, ultra-violet absorbance at 254 nm (UV254) and THMFP of water extracts from a mineral and organic soil in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California. Results showed that the majority of water extractable organic carbon (WEOC) from these soils was smaller than 0.025 pm, 85% and 57% in organic and mineral soils, respectively. A high proportion of colloidal organic carbon (COC) in mineral soil extracts caused water turbidity and resulted in an abnormally high UV254 in 1.2 and 0.45 mu m filtrates. The reactivity of organic carbon fractions in forming THM was similar for the two soils, except that COC from the mineral soil was about half that of others. To obtain a more homogeneous solution for characterizing THM precursors, we recommend a 0.1 mu m or smaller pore-size filter, especially for samples with high colloid concentrations. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Hydrol Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif Dept Water Resources, Off Water Qual, Sacramento, CA 94236 USA. USDA ARS, SJVASC, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Chow, AT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Hydrol Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM atchow@ucdavis.edu RI Chow, Alex/S-8737-2016 NR 21 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD APR PY 2005 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1255 EP 1264 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2005.01.004 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 929MY UT WOS:000229351400006 PM 15862325 ER PT J AU Schneider, JM Garbrecht, JD Unger, DA AF Schneider, JM Garbrecht, JD Unger, DA TI A heuristic method for time disaggregation of seasonal climate forecasts SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB To be immediately useful in practical applications that employ daily weather generators, seasonal climate forecasts issued for overlapping 3-month periods need to be disaggregated into a sequence of 1-month forecasts. Direct linear algebraic approaches to disaggregation produce physically unrealistic sequences of monthly forecasts. As an alternative, a heuristic method has been developed to disaggregate the NOAA/ Climate Prediction Center (CPC) probability of exceedance seasonal precipitation forecasts, and tested on observed precipitation data for 1971-2000 or the 102 forecast divisions covering the contiguous United States. This simple method produces monthly values that replicate the direction and amplitude of variations on the 3-month time scale, and approach the amplitude of variations on the 1-month scale, without any unrealistic behavior. Root-mean-square errors between the disaggregated values and the actual precipitation over the 30-yr test period and all forecast divisions averaged 0.94 in., which is 39% of the mean monthly precipitation, and 58% of the monthly standard deviation. This method performs equally well across widely different precipitation regimes and does a reasonable job reproducing the sudden onset of strong seasonal variations such as the southwest U.S. monsoon. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Schneider, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM schneide@grl.ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2005 VL 20 IS 2 BP 212 EP 221 DI 10.1175/WAF839.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 918EK UT WOS:000228524900007 ER PT J AU Jacobs, JS Sheley, RL AF Jacobs, JS Sheley, RL TI The effect of season of picloram and chlorsulfuron application on dalmatian toadflax (Linaria genistifolia) on prescribed burns SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE integrated weed management; invasive weeds; noxious rangeland weeds; restoration using fire and herbicides AB Herbicides are an important tool for managing weeds where prescribed fire is used for rangeland improvement. Understanding how the season of herbicide application relates to prescribed burning is important. Our objective was to determine the effect of picloram and chlorsulfuron on Dalmatian toadflax cover, density, and biomass, where these herbicides were applied in the fall before burning or in the spring before or after burning. Six herbicide treatments and an untreated check were applied in a randomized complete block design with four replications to a prescribed burn at two sites infested with Dalmatian toadflax in Montana, United States. Herbicides were applied in the fall preburn, spring preburn, and spring postburn. Site I was treated in 1999 and 2000, and site 2 was treated in 2000 and 2001. Cover, biomass, and density of Dalmatian toadflax were sampled in September 2000, 2001, and 2002 at site I and September 2001 and 2002 at site 2. At site 1, cover, biomass, and density of Dalmatian toadflax were at least 76% lower compared with the check in both spring-applied picloram treatments, whereas the fall picloram treatment had similar Dalmatian toadflax cover, biomass, and density compared with the check 3 yr after application. By 2002, chlorsulfuron reduced Dalmatian toadflax cover, biomass, and density by at least 79% compared with the check in all timings of application at site 1. At site 2, Dalmatian toadflax cover, biomass, and density were reduced by at least 86% for all picloram and chlorsulfuron treatments in 2002, 2 yr after application. Chlorsulfuron applied in the fall or the spring and picloram applied in the spring effectively suppressed Dalmatian toadflax cover, biomass, and density for up to 3 yr. C1 Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Jacobs, JS (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM jsjacobs@montana.edu NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 19 IS 2 BP 319 EP 324 DI 10.1614/WT-04-108R PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 937KI UT WOS:000229922600016 ER PT J AU Brandenberger, LP Talbert, RE Wiedenfeld, RP Shrefler, JW Webber, CL Malik, MS AF Brandenberger, LP Talbert, RE Wiedenfeld, RP Shrefler, JW Webber, CL Malik, MS TI Effects of halosulfuron on weed control in commercial honeydew crops SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE melon crops; mulch; plasticulture; plastic mulch ID WATERMELON CITRULLUS-LANATUS; CYPERUS-ESCULENTUS; NUTSEDGE; YELLOW; COMPETITION; HERBICIDES; EFFICACY; ROTUNDUS AB Studies were conducted at four sites during a 2-yr period in Oklahoma, Texas, and Arkansas to determine effectiveness and safety of halosulfuron in honeydew crops. Halosulfuron applied postemergence at 26.3 to 78.8 g ai/ha controlled yellow nutsedge 85 to 97%, golden crownbeard 100%, and tumble pigweed 83 to 95%. Control of yellow nutsedge continued to increase for 3 to 6 wk after treatment. Golden crownbeard and tumble pigweed efficacy increased to its highest levels after 4 and 3 wk, respectively. Reduced crop growth and yellowing of foliage did not exceed 13%. No differences were recorded for yield, earliness, or percentage of marketable fruit. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. Texas A&M Univ Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA ARS, SCARL, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Brandenberger, LP (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, 360 Ag Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM lpb@okstate.edu NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 19 IS 2 BP 346 EP 350 DI 10.1614/WT-04-152R PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 937KI UT WOS:000229922600020 ER PT J AU Boydston, RA Williams, MM AF Boydston, RA Williams, MM TI Managing volunteer potato (Solanum tuberosum) in field corn with mesotrione and arthropod herbivory SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arthropod herbivory; biological weed control; groundkeeper (volunteer potato); integrated weed management ID LEAFROLL VIRUS; ZEA-MAYS; CULTIVATION; HERBICIDES; COLUMBIA AB Volunteer potato is becoming increasingly detrimental in potato production regions. We assessed methods to manage the weed in field corn with herbicides and arthropod herbivory. In greenhouse trials, new tuber production was reduced at least 95% in 'Ranger Russet', 'Russet Burbank', 'Russet Norkotah', and 'Shepody' potato varieties by mesotrione applied at 0.11 kg/ha. In field studies conducted near Paterson, WA, a single application of mesotrione at 0.07 or 0.11 kg/ha applied at the time of tuber initiation (mid-postemergence [MPOST]) controlled potato top growth 96 to 98% in 2002 and 2003. Mesotrione applied at earlier stages of potato growth, preemergence or early postemergence, controlled potatoes less than mesotrione applied MPOST. All herbicide treatments prevented yield loss in field corn compared with nontreated checks. Mesotrione reduced new potato tubers and tuber weight more than any other herbicide. Herbivory of volunteer potato by Colorado potato beetle reduced tuber number 21% and tuber density 23% in the absence of herbicides and appeared to further suppress the weed in combination with herbicides. Whereas treatments containing mesotrione were most effective against volunteer potato, arthropod herbivory supplemented weed suppression and may be an important component in reduced or low-input weed management systems. C1 USDA ARS, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Invas Weed Management Res, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Boydston, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM boydston@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 19 IS 2 BP 443 EP 450 DI 10.1614/WT-04-223R PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 937KI UT WOS:000229922600034 ER PT J AU Casady, GM Hanley, RS Seelan, SK AF Casady, GM Hanley, RS Seelan, SK TI Detection of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) using multidate high-resolution satellite imagery SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE accuracy assessment; digital photography; EPHES; global positioning system; ikonos; image analysis ID ACCURACY AB Leafy spurge is a deep-rooted perennial weed that displaces native rangeland vegetation and replaces forage for cattle and other forages used by vertebrate herbivores. Strategic planning to control this weed requires monitoring its distribution and spread. Classical monitoring techniques, which often involve extensive ground survey efforts, can be aided by the synoptic nature of remotely sensed imagery. This research addresses the use of Space Imaging's 4-m multispectral Ikonos imagery for the survey and detection of leafy spurge infestations. Survey data were collected at a site in western North Dakota and used to produce supervised classifications of leafy surge infestations with Ikonos imagery. Multiple image dates per year were combined with each other to assess the added accuracy afforded by multitemporal imagery. Finally, individual patches of leafy spurge were analyzed to determine the minimum patch size and percent cover that were detectable with supervised classification of Ikonos imagery. Under some circumstances, the imagery was effective at detecting leafy spurge, but in areas with a higher forb component, the classification was not as effective. Multidate imagery provided increased accuracy, but improvements were not consistently significant. Leafy spurge infestations of < 30% cover and 200 m(2) were not reliably detected. C1 USDA, Arizona Remote Sensing Lab, Off Arid Lands Studies, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ N Dakota, Upper Mid W Aerosp Consortium, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Casady, GM (reprint author), USDA, Arizona Remote Sensing Lab, Off Arid Lands Studies, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM gcasady@email.arizona.edu RI Casady, Grant/A-4551-2009 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 19 IS 2 BP 462 EP 467 DI 10.1614/WT-03-182R1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 937KI UT WOS:000229922600037 ER PT J AU Knowe, SA Radosevich, SR Shula, RG AF Knowe, SA Radosevich, SR Shula, RG TI Basal area and diameter distribution prediction equations for young Douglas-Fir plantations with hardwood competition: Coast ranges SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE competition release; forest vegetation management; precommercial thinning; site preparation; stand dynamics ID VEGETATION MANAGEMENT TREATMENTS; STAND-TABLE-PROJECTION; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; SITE PREPARATION; HEIGHT GROWTH; RED ALDER; SAPLINGS; OREGON; RESPONSES; CONIFERS AB A stand-level modeling system for young Douglas-fir plantations applicable to the Coast Ranges of the Pacific Northwest was developed by using data from 84 growth-monitoring plots. Specific components of the system for predicting current size distributions of planted Douglas-fir include: dominant height and survival of planted Douglas-fir; a basal area projection equation for hardwoods; and diameter distribution percentile prediction Junctions for planted Douglas fir. Prediction equations for height, crown width, and height to crown base of individual trees describe stand structure of the planted Douglas-fir. The stand- and tree-level equations include both direct and indirect effects of hardwood competition and site preparation, competition release, and precommercial thinning treatments. With the exception of minimum dbh, stand-level equations for planted Douglas-fir explained at least 92% of the observed variation. Basal area dynamics were simulated through plantation age 20 Years for site preparation and competition release treatments of different effectiveness by varying hardwood basal area at plantation age 5 years. The simulations indicate that site preparation must reduce hardwood basal area at plantation age 5 years by 75% or more to realize an increase in Douglas-fir basal area and shift of the diameter distribution toward larger trees. This is due to increased growth of hardwoods that survive site preparation. In contrast, competition release treatments exhibited positive Douglas-fir response with 50% efficacy or more. Therefore, ineffective site preparation treatments need to be followed with competition release treatments having at least 50% efficacy to produce similar Douglas-fir basal area and diameter distributions at age 20 as in stands with no site preparation. C1 USDA ARS, Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Knowe, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM steve.knowe@amforem.biz NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD APR PY 2005 VL 20 IS 2 BP 77 EP 93 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 919GF UT WOS:000228605700001 ER PT J AU Kelly, A Powell, DC Riggs, RA AF Kelly, A Powell, DC Riggs, RA TI Predicting potential natural vegetation in an interior northwest landscape using classification tree modeling and a GIS SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID DECISION-TREE; HABITAT AB Integration of a GIS with statistical predictive models facilitates mapping the likely spatial distribution of plant associations and modification of maps as new data or vegetation-environment relationships are discovered. In this study, data for classified plant communities were used to develop a georeferenced database representing 39 plant associations and environmental variables at 1,249 plot locations. This database was used to develop models predicting the occurrence of plant associations. These predictive models were implemented in a GIS to render maps of predictable plant associations, plant association groups, and overstory series. Overall model accuracy ranged from 30% for the model predicting plant association to 63% for the model predicting series. However, several associations, groups, and even series could not be predicted, and model performance for those that were predictable of often differed from overall model accuracy. Association-level accuracy of model predictions ranged front 18 to 84% while series-level accuracy ranged from 41 to 85%. Model selection for management applications should be based on specific management objectives. Expansion of the regional sample of reference plots and database augmentations. including documentation of disturbance histories, should provide useful enhancements for future modeling efforts. C1 USDA Forest Serv, PACFISH INFISH Biol Opin Effectiveness Monitoring, Logan, UT 84321 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Umatilla Natl Forest Supervisors Off, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. Boise Cascade Corp, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Kelly, A (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, PACFISH INFISH Biol Opin Effectiveness Monitoring, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM ali.kelly@earthlink.net; drydog@uci.net NR 43 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD APR PY 2005 VL 20 IS 2 BP 117 EP 127 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 919GF UT WOS:000228605700005 ER PT J AU Rinella, MJ Sheley, RL AF Rinella, MJ Sheley, RL TI Influence of soil water availability on competition among leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) and grasses SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE competition; invasive plants; soil water; rangeland ID PLANT COMPETITION; HERBACEOUS VEGETATION; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; INTENSITY; GRADIENT AB Some pertorbations differentially influence invasive plant and grass production. For example, growth regulator herbicides and biological control agents can dramatically reduce leafy spurge production while having little or no influence oil grass production, and overgrazing can reduce grass production while not substantially influencing leafy spurge production because cattle typically ingest little or no leafy spurge. To predict how grass production will respond to a perturbation that influences only leafy spurge and to predict how leafy spurge production will respond to a perturbation that affects only grasses, competitive relationships must be understood. Seeding mixtures of leafy spurge and 2 grasses were planted in experiments and grown for 127 days to determine whether different water application regimes influenced competition among these 3 species. Competition became less intense as the number of water applications increased. If this finding holds true under field conditions, then it indicates that competition is less intense in years and locations with numerous precipitation events. Competitive interactions (i.e., competition coefficients) were less variable when water was applied more frequently, hot the ability of models to account for variation in plant weight (i.e., r(2)) was not influenced by the frequency of water application. This suggests that models will predict invasive plant and grass biomass with equal accuracy in years with few or many precipitation events. Competitive effects were similar regardless of grass species, which suggests that grasses might be considered collectively in predicting response to perturbations in the field. C1 USDA ARS, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Sheley, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, 67826-A Highway 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2005 VL 65 IS 2 BP 233 EP 241 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 924OG UT WOS:000228987500013 ER PT J AU Liu, JY Ross, RJ AF Liu, JY Ross, RJ TI Relationship between radial compressive modulus of elasticity and shear modulus of wood SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE anisotropic material; elasticity; shear modulus; shear test; tensor transformation; wood ID BEHAVIOR AB Wood properties in transverse compression are difficult to determine because of such factors as anatomical complexity, specimen geometry, and loading conditions. The mechanical properties of wood, considered as an anisotropic or orthotropic material, are related by certain tensor transformation rules when the reference coordinate system changes its orientation. In this paper, we used our verified shear modulus model to estimate compressive modulus of elasticity in the radial direction by means of certain established tensor transformation rules. The obtained basic engineering constants form a viable set that agrees with reliable test data and the anisotropic elasticity theory. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Liu, JY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 37 IS 2 BP 201 EP 206 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 919FU UT WOS:000228604600003 ER PT J AU Grotta, AT Leichti, RJ Gartner, BL Johnson, GR AF Grotta, AT Leichti, RJ Gartner, BL Johnson, GR TI Effect of growth ring orientation and placement of earlywood and latewood on MOE and MOR of very-small clear Douglas-fir beams SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE size effect; growth-ring orientation; MOE; MOR; Douglas-fir; bending; orthotropic material; small bending specimens ID FLEXURAL PROPERTIES; STRENGTH AB ASTM standard sizes for bending tests (either 50 x 50 mm or 25 x 25 mm in cross-section) are not always suitable for research purposes that characterize smaller sections of wood. Moreover, the ASTM standards specify loading the sample on the longitudinal-tangential surface. If specimens are small enough, then the effects of both growth-ring orientation and whether earlywood or latewood is on the upper and lower surfaces could affect values of modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR). The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of growth-ring orientation and latewood/earlywood location on bending properties of Douglas-fir specimens (10 x 10 x 150 mm). MOE did not differ with ring orientation, and MOR was about 5% higher when specimens were loaded on the radial rather than the tangential surface (MOE-LT vs. MOE-LR, respectively). The choice of growth-ring orientation did not affect the relative ranking of trees with respect to MOR or MOE. As expected, the variation of MOR and MOE was lower if the loads were applied to the longitudinal-radial surface than the longitudinal-tangential surface. Thus, rather than following the ASTM Standard, within-tree variation measured on very small bending specimens can be minimized if loads are applied to the longitudinal-radial surface. When specimens were loaded on the longitudinal-tangential surfaces, there was an effect on both MOE-LR and MOR-LR of whether the top and/or bottom surfaces were earlywood or latewood. The wood type had a large effect on both MOE-LR and MOR-LR when it was the compression surface rather than the tension surface. This result suggests that variance in MOE and MOR measurements in very small specimens can be reduced by tracking whether the top and bottom surfaces are earlywood or latewood. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Grotta, AT (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Extens Fac, Forestry Extens, King Cty 919,SW Grady Way,Suite 120, Renton, WA 98055 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 37 IS 2 BP 207 EP 212 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 919FU UT WOS:000228604600004 ER PT J AU Gamble, HR Dubey, JP Lambillotte, DN AF Gamble, HR Dubey, JP Lambillotte, DN TI Comparison of a commercial ELISA with the modified agglutination test for detection of Toxoplasma infection in the domestic pig SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; ELISA; food safety; pork production ID GONDII INFECTION; SEROLOGIC TESTS; SWINE; SPECIFICITY; SENSITIVITY; PREVALENCE; STATES AB The modified agglutination test (MAT) and a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were compared for detection of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in naturally-infected market-aged pigs. Infected pigs were obtained from commercial slaughter facilities and from farms where infection had previously been detected. Infection was confirmed by bioassay in cats. For 70 bioassay positive pigs, 60 were positive by MAT (85.7% sensitivity) and 62 were positive by ELISA (88.6% sensitivity). Of 204 bioassay negative samples 193 were negative by MAT (94.6% specificity) and 200 were negative by ELISA (98.0% specificity). Good correlation was seen between MAT and ELISA results. The results suggest that the ELISA may be a good tool for epidemiological studies of Toxoplasma infection on pig farms. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Safe Path Labs LLC, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Gamble, HR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1040,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rgamble@nas.edu NR 16 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAR 31 PY 2005 VL 128 IS 3-4 BP 177 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.019 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 909OE UT WOS:000227868400001 PM 15740853 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Benson, JE Blakeley, KT Bootond, GC Visvesvara, GS AF Dubey, JP Benson, JE Blakeley, KT Bootond, GC Visvesvara, GS TI Disseminated Acanthamoeba sp infection in a dog SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acanthamoeba; dog; encephalitis; in vitro cultivation; PCR ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; BALAMUTHIA-MANDRILLARIS; 18S; IDENTIFICATION; KERATITIS; PCR AB Several species of free-living amoebae can cause encephalomyelitis in animals and humans. Disseminated acanthamoebiasis was diagnosed in pyogranulomatous lesions in brain, thyroid, pancreas, heart, lymph nodes, and kidney of a one-year-old dog. Acanthamoeba sp. was identified in canine tissues by conventional histology, by immunofluorescence, by cultivation of the parasite from the brain of the dog that had been stored at -70 degrees C for two months, and by PCR. The sequence obtained from the PCR product from the amoeba from the dog was compared to other sequences in the Acanthamoeba sp. ribosomal DNA database and was determined to be genotype T1, associated with other isolates of Acanthamoeba obtained from granulomatous amebic encephalitis infections in humans. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Illinois Dept Agr, Anim Dis Lab, Galesburg, IL 61402 USA. All Pets Vet Clin, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol Genet, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAR 31 PY 2005 VL 128 IS 3-4 BP 183 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.022 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 909OE UT WOS:000227868400002 PM 15740854 ER PT J AU Wappes, JE Lingafelter, SW AF Wappes, JE Lingafelter, SW TI The genus Canidia Thomson, 1857 (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Acanthocinini) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Insecta; Coleoptera; Cerambycidae; Lamiinae; Acanthocinini; Canidia; Dectes; Canidiopsis; Pseudocanidia; new species; key AB The lamiine genus Canidia Thomson is redefined with Canidiopsis Dillon and Pseudocanidia Dillon as new synonyms. Three new species from Mexico are described and illustrated: Canidia chemsaki, C. giesberti, and C. turnbowi. The following new synonymies are proposed: Canidiopsis similis Dillon, 1955 and Canidiopsis hebes Dillon, 1955 = Canidia mexicana Thomson, 1860; Pseudocanidia cuernavacae Dillon, 1955 = Dectes spinicornis Bates, 1881; and Dectes ( Canidia) balteata var. inapicalis Tippmann, 1960 = Dectes balteatus Lacordaire, 1872. A key to the eight species and one subspecies is presented. C1 Amer Coleoptera Museum, Bulverde, TX 78163 USA. ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Wappes, JE (reprint author), Amer Coleoptera Museum, 179 Fall Creek, Bulverde, TX 78163 USA. EM beetle@wireweb.net; slingafe@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAR 31 PY 2005 IS 927 BP 1 EP 27 PG 27 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 911RU UT WOS:000228023100001 ER PT J AU Williams, LE Ayars, JE AF Williams, LE Ayars, JE TI Water use of Thompson Seedless grapevines as affected by the application of gibberellic acid (GA(3)) and trunk girdling - practices to increase berry size SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE crop evapotranspiration (ETc); crop coefficient (K-c); Vitis vinifera L.; table grape production; trunk girdling ID NET CO2 ASSIMILATION; VITIS-VINIFERA; IRRIGATION; CALIFORNIA; LEAVES; GRAPES; VINES; DRIP; LEAF; SOIL AB Seasonal water use of Vitis vinifera L. (cv. Thompson Seedless, clone 2A) was determined with a large weighing lysimeter in the San Joaquin Valley of California from 1994 to 1996. The first year of the study, the vines growing within the lysimeter were treated as would be done to produce fruit for use as table grapes; the application of gibberellic acid (GA(3)) and trunk girdling at berry set (approximately 2 weeks after anthesis). Both practices will increase berry size of this seedless cultivar. In 1995, the vines in the lysimeter were only girdled at berry set, no application of GA(3) at that time. Reference crop evapotranspiration (ET.) between March 15th and the end of October averaged 1124 mm across the 3 years. Water use shortly after the vines were girdled in 1994 increased as would be expected for non-girdled grapevines while in 1995 water use after girdling decreased for a period of approximately 4 weeks. Once the girdles healed (callused over) in 1995 water use increased to values similar to those of the previous year. The crop coefficient (K-C) subsequent to girdling in 1994 remained constant for a period of 4 weeks while the K-C decreased after girdling in 1995. The K-C increased after the girdles healed both years and remained at a value of approximately 0.9 until the end of October. In 1996, the vines in the lysimeter received none of the treatments used the previous 2 years. The seasonal water use and maximum daily water use in 1996 of the vines in the lysimeter were greater than in 1994 and 1995. Water use of the vines was equivalent to 838, 708 and 936 mm from March 15 until the end of October while that of ET, was 1136, 1060, and 1176 during the same period in 1994, 1995 and 1996, respectively. At full canopy in 1996 the K-C leveled off at a value of 1.1 and remained such until the end of October. The results indicate that girdling the trunks of grapevines can affect water use when compared to non-girdled grapevines. Additionally, the K-C of this perennial horticultural crop does not decrease after harvest or later in the season if the vines are fully irrigated and insect pests are controlled. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Davis & Kearney Agr Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, 9240 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM williams@uckac.edu NR 25 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD MAR 28 PY 2005 VL 129 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.11.007 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 912BS UT WOS:000228052700007 ER PT J AU Lu, Z Altermann, E Breidt, F Predki, P Fleming, HP Klaenhammer, TR AF Lu, Z Altermann, E Breidt, F Predki, P Fleming, HP Klaenhammer, TR TI Sequence analysis of the Lactobacillus plantarum bacteriophage Phi JL-1 SO GENE LA English DT Article DE bacteriophage; Phi JL-1; sequence analysis; structural proteins; Lactobacillus plantarum ID COMPARATIVE GENOMICS; LAMBDA S; EVOLUTION; PHAGES; SIPHOVIRIDAE; PROTEIN; METHIONINE; ALIGNMENT; HOLIN; ACID AB The complete genomic sequence of a Lactobacillus plantarum virulent phage Phi JL-1 was determined. The phage possesses a linear, double-stranded, DNA genome consisting of 36,677 bp with a G+C content of 39.36%. A total of 52 possible open reading frames (ORFs) were identified. According to N-terminal amino acid sequencing and bioinformatic analyses, proven or putative functions were assigned to 21 ORFs (41%), including 5 structural protein genes. The Phi JL-1 genome shows functionally related genes clustered together in a genome structure composed of modules for DNA replication, DNA packaging, head and tail morphogenesis, and lysis. This type of modular genomic organization was similar to several other phages infecting lactic acid bacteria. The structural gene maps revealed that the order of the head and tail genes is highly conserved among the genomes of several Siphoviridae phages, allowing the assignment of probable functions to certain uncharacterized ORFs from phage Phi JL-1 and other Siphoviridae phages. (c) 2065 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Dept Agr Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Protometrix Inc, Branford, CT 06405 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Breidt, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dept Agr Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM breidt@ncsu.edu NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 EI 1879-0038 J9 GENE JI Gene PD MAR 28 PY 2005 VL 348 BP 45 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2004.12.052 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 915QK UT WOS:000228318700005 PM 15777728 ER PT J AU Lee, EY Shim, YH Chitwood, DJ Hwang, SB Lee, J Paik, YK AF Lee, EY Shim, YH Chitwood, DJ Hwang, SB Lee, J Paik, YK TI Cholesterol-producing transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans lives longer due to newly acquired enhanced stress resistance SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aging; 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase; life span; longevity; oxidative stress; cholegans ID LEMLI-OPITZ-SYNDROME; LIFE-SPAN; ASSAY-METHOD; C-ELEGANS; BIOSYNTHESIS; LANOSTEROL; GENE; SOLUBILIZATION; MUTATIONS; EXTENSION AB Because Caenorhabditis elegans lacks several components of the de novo sterol biosynthetic pathway, it requires sterol as an essential nutrient. Supplemented cholesterol undergoes extensive enzymatic modification in C elegans to form other sterols of unknown function. 7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR) catalyzes the reduction of the A 7 double bond of sterols and is suspected to be defective in C elegans, in which the major endogenous sterol is 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC). We microinjected a human DHCR expression vector into C. elegans, which was then incorporated into chromosome by gamma-radiation. This transgenic C. elegans was named cholegans, i.e., cholesterol-producing C. elegans, because it was able to convert 7DHC into cholesterol. We investigated the effects of changes in sterol composition on longevity and stress resistance by examining brood size, mean life span, UV resistance, and thermotolerance. Cholegans contained 80% more cholesterol than the wild-type control. The brood size of cholegans was reduced by 40% compared to the wild-type control, although the growth rate was not significantly changed. The mean life span of cholegans was increased up to 131% in sterol-deficient medium as compared to wild-type. The biochemical basis for life span extension of cholegans appears to partly result from its acquired resistance against both UV irradiation and thermal stress. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Yonsei Univ, Dept Biochem, Bioprod Res Ctr, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Yonsei Proteome Res Ctr, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Konkuk Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Seoul 143701, South Korea. Konkuk Univ, Biol Mol Informat Ctr, Seoul 143701, South Korea. ARS, Nematol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Paik, YK (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Biochem, Bioprod Res Ctr, 134 Shinchon Dong, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM paikyk@yonsei.ac.kr OI Shim, Yhong-Hee/0000-0002-8660-4176 NR 25 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD MAR 25 PY 2005 VL 328 IS 4 BP 929 EP 936 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.01.050 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 900RW UT WOS:000227233000017 PM 15707967 ER PT J AU Martin, MA Pachepsky, YA Perfect, E AF Martin, MA Pachepsky, YA Perfect, E TI Scaling, fractals and diversity in soils and ecohydrology SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Matemat Aplicada, Escuela Tecn Super Ingn Agron, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. USDA ARS, ANRI, EMSL, Environm Microbial Safety Lab,BARC E,AN, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Martin, MA (reprint author), Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Matemat Aplicada, Escuela Tecn Super Ingn Agron, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM mamartin@mat.etsia.upm.es; ypachepsky@anri.barc.usda.gov; eperfect@utk.edu RI Martin, Miguel Angel/I-1199-2015; OI Martin, Miguel Angel/0000-0002-9724-5869; Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 9 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAR 25 PY 2005 VL 182 IS 3-4 BP 217 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.04.001 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 903MH UT WOS:000227429600001 ER PT J AU Guber, AK Pachepsky, YA Levkovsky, EV AF Guber, AK Pachepsky, YA Levkovsky, EV TI Fractal mass-size scaling of wetting soil aggregates SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Fractal Approaches in Scaling Soil and Hydrologic Processes and Properties CY JUN 27-30, 2002 CL El Barco de Avila, SPAIN DE fractals; scaling; soil aggregate porosity; aggregates shrinkage ID FRAGMENTATION; POROSITY; SURFACE AB Structure is an important factor of soil functioning in ecosystems. Soil aggregate size distributions are commonly used to characterize soil structure. Relationships between density of dry soil aggregates and aggregate size present a different way to use aggregate-related information in soil structure characterization. Those relationships have been simulated assuming soils to be mass fractals. Aggregates in field soil are not air-dry. The relationships between mass and size differ between dry aggregates and wet aggregates because aggregates shrink as water content decreases. Our objective was to find out whether the mass fractal model can be applied to wet aggregates. Aggregates from the plow layer of Greyzem soil were brought to four different levels of water contents, and the kerosene method was used to measure volume of aggregates within diameter ranges of 3-5, 5-7, and 7-10 mm. It appeared that the wetter aggregates were less prone to loosening as the water increased. The mass fractal model was applicable to wet aggregates under the assumption of linear dependence of the fractal dimension D-m and the unit size aggregate mass a on the gravimetric water content w (gg(-1)). Dependencies D-m = 2.925 + 0.284w and a = 0.808 - 0.123w resulted in R-2 = 0.9999 for the regression line of simulated versus measured aggregate mass. Fractal modeling of mass-size scaling in wet soil aggregates presents a set of aggregate-based parameters for soil structure that may. reflect soil properties and can be explored as an index of soil ability to support functions of ecosystems. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Moscow 117234, Russia. USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Guber, AK (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Moscow 117234, Russia. EM aguber@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAR 25 PY 2005 VL 182 IS 3-4 BP 317 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.04.008 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 903MH UT WOS:000227429600009 ER PT J AU Huang, DJ Ou, BX Prior, RL AF Huang, DJ Ou, BX Prior, RL TI The chemistry behind antioxidant capacity assays SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE antioxidants; assay; hydrogen atom transfer reaction; electron-transfer reaction; free radicals; oxidants ID RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; BRIGGS-RAUSCHER REACTION; SINGLET OXYGEN; PHENOLIC ANTIOXIDANTS; SCAVENGING ACTIVITY; VITAMIN-E; SYNTHETIC ANTIOXIDANTS; DIETARY FLAVANOLS; BIOLOGICAL-FLUIDS AB This review summarizes the multifaceted aspects of antioxidants and the basic kinetic models of inhibited autoxidation and analyzes the chemical principles of antioxidant capacity assays. Depending upon the reactions involved, these assays can roughly be classified into two types: assays based on hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reactions and assays based on electron transfer (ET). The majority of HAT-based assays apply a competitive reaction scheme, in which antioxidant and substrate compete for thermally generated peroxyl radicals through the decomposition of azo compounds. These assays include inhibition of induced low-density lipoprotein autoxidation, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), total radical trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), and crocin bleaching assays. ET-based assays measure the capacity of an antioxidant in the reduction of an oxidant, which changes color when reduced. The degree of color change is correlated with the sample's antioxidant concentrations. ET-based assays include the total phenols assay by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR), Trolox equivalence antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), "total antioxidant potential" assay using a Cu(II) complex as an oxidant, and DPPH. In addition, other assays intended to measure a sample's scavenging capacity of biologically relevant oxidants such as singlet oxygen, superoxide anion, peroxynitrite, and hydroxyl radical are also summarized. On the basis of this analysis, it is suggested that the total phenols assay by FCR be used to quantify an antioxidant's reducing capacity and the ORAC assay to quantify peroxyl radical scavenging capacity. To comprehensively study different aspects of antioxidants, validated and specific assays are needed in addition to these two commonly accepted assays. C1 Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Chem, Food Sci & Technol Program, Singapore 117543, Singapore. Brunswick Labs, Wareham, MA 02571 USA. Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Huang, DJ (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Chem, Food Sci & Technol Program, Singapore 117543, Singapore. EM chmhdj@nus.edu.sg RI Huang, Dejian/A-7439-2010 NR 95 TC 2177 Z9 2299 U1 83 U2 844 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 23 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1841 EP 1856 DI 10.1021/jf030723c PG 16 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 907RR UT WOS:000227736100001 PM 15769103 ER PT J AU Huhman, DV Berhow, MA Sumner, LW AF Huhman, DV Berhow, MA Sumner, LW TI Quantification of saponins in aerial and subterranean tissues of Medicago truncatula SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE triterpene saponins; Medicago truncatula; barrel medic; quantification; high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TRITERPENE SAPONINS; ALFALFA SAPONINS; ROOT SAPONINS; SATIVA; SOYASAPONINS; IDENTIFICATION; PRODUCTS; GENOMICS; PARTS AB Triterpene saponins from aerial and subterranean organs of Medicago truncatula cv. Jemalong A-17 were qualitatively profiled and quantified using reverse-phase HPLC with on-line photodiode array detection and electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC/PDA/ESI/MS). Absolute quantifications were performed for 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-medicagenic acid and soyasaponin 1(3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 -> 2)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl(1 -> 2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside] soyasapogenol B), whereas relative quantifications were determined for 20 other saponins in root, stem, leaf, seedpod, and seed. Roots contained the greatest total amount of saponins followed by leaf and seed, respectively. The quantitative data also reveal the differential accumulation of triterpene saponins in the various organs of M. truncatula. Specifically, relatively higher quantities of medicagenic acid conjugates accumulated in leaf and seed, whereas relatively higher levels of soysapogenol conjugates were observed in root. The differential accumulation of specific triterpene saponins is suggestive of spatially differentiated biosynthesis and/or biological function. C1 Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. USDA ARS, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Sumner, LW (reprint author), Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, 2510 Sam Noble Pkwy, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. EM lwsumner@noble.org RI Sumner, Lloyd/A-3270-2013 NR 44 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 23 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1914 EP 1920 DI 10.1021/jf0482663 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 907RR UT WOS:000227736100011 PM 15769113 ER PT J AU Welch, RM House, WA Ortiz-Monasterio, I Cheng, Z AF Welch, RM House, WA Ortiz-Monasterio, I Cheng, Z TI Potential for improving bioavailable zinc in wheat grain (Triticum species) through plant breeding SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE zinc; bioavailability; biofortification; grain; plant breeding; rats; phytate; micronutrient malnutrition ID RATS; ABSORPTION; ELEMENTS; LETTUCE; FOODS; IRON; CORN AB A "whole-body" radioassay procedure was used to assess retention and absorption by rats of Zn in mature kernels of whole grain wheat harvested from 28 genotypes (Triticum spp.) grown in nutrient solution supplied with 2 mu M ZnSO4 radiolabeled with Zn-65. Grain-Zn concentration differed among genotypes and ranged from 33 to 149 mu g g(-1) of dry weight (DW); similarly, grain-Fe concentration varied similar to 4-fold, from 80 to 368 mu g g(-1) of DW. Concentrations of Zn and Fe in the grain were positively correlated. Therefore, selecting genotypes high in grain-Zn also tends to increase grain-Fe concentration. Concentrations of myo-inositolhexaphosphate (phytate) in the wheat grain varied from 8.6 to 26.1 mu mol g(-1) of DW. Grain intrinsically labeled with 65Zn was incorporated into test meals fed to Zn-depleted rats. All rats readily ate the test meals, so that Zn intake varied directly with grain-Zn concentration. As determined by the percentage of Zn-65 absorbed from the test meal, the bioavailability to rats of Zn in the wheat genotypes ranged from about 60 to 82 %. The amount of bioavailable Zn (micrograms) in the grain was positively correlated to the amount of Zn accumulated in the grain. There was a significant negative correlation between grain-phytate levels and percentage of Zn absorbed from the wheat grain, but the effect was not large. These results demonstrate that concentrations of Zn in whole-wheat grain, as well as amounts of bioavailable Zn in the grain, can be increased significantly by using traditional plant-breeding programs to select genotypes with high grain-Zn levels. Increasing the amount of Zn in wheat grain through plant-breeding contrivances may contribute significantly to improving the Zn status of individuals dependent on whole grain wheat as a staple food. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Ctr Int Mejoramiento Maize & Trigo, El Batan, Mexico. RP Welch, RM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM rmw1@cornell.edu NR 24 TC 19 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 23 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 6 BP 2176 EP 2180 DI 10.1021/jf040238x PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 907RR UT WOS:000227736100051 PM 15769153 ER PT J AU Cameron, RG Savary, BJ Hotchkiss, AT Fishman, ML AF Cameron, RG Savary, BJ Hotchkiss, AT Fishman, ML TI Isolation, characterization, and pectin-modifying properties of a thermally tolerant pectin methylesterase from Citrus sinensis var. Valencia SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Citrus sinensis; pectin methylesterase; pectin esterase; homogalacturonan; pectin; polysaccharide; enzyme modification; juice cloud stability ID ORANGE JUICE CLOUD; METHYL ESTERASE; MULTIPLE FORMS; PECTINESTERASES; PECTINMETHYLESTERASE; PURIFICATION; STABILITY; TISSUE; ESTERIFICATION; PATTERN AB The thermally tolerant pectin methylesterase (TT-PME) was isolated as a monocomponent enzyme from sweet orange fruit (Citrus sinensis var. Valencia). It was also isolated from flower and vegetative tissue. The apparent molecular weight of fruit TT-PME was 40800 by SIDS-PAGE and the isoelectric point estimated as p/9.31 by IEF-PAGE. MALDI-TOF MS identified no tryptic-peptide ions from TT-PME characteristic of previously described citrus PMEs. TT-PME did not absolutely require supplemented salt for activity, but salt activation and pH-dependent activity patterns were intermediate to those of thermolabile PMEs. Treatment of non-calcium-sensitive pectin with TT-IPME (reducing the degree of methylesterification by 6%) increased the calcium-sensitive pectin ratio from 0.01 to 0.90, indicating a blockwise mode of action. TT-IPME produced a significantly lower end-point degree of methylesterification at pH 7.5 than at pH 4.5. Extensive de-esterification with TT-PME did not reduce the pectin molecular weight or z-average radius of gyration, as determined by HPSEC. C1 USDA ARS, Qual Improvement Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Cameron, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Qual Improvement Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM rcameron@citrus.usda.gov NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 23 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 6 BP 2255 EP 2260 DI 10.1021/jf040376m PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 907RR UT WOS:000227736100063 PM 15769165 ER PT J AU Anderson, RC Majak, W Rassmussen, MA Callaway, TR Beier, RC Nisbet, DJ Allison, MJ AF Anderson, RC Majak, W Rassmussen, MA Callaway, TR Beier, RC Nisbet, DJ Allison, MJ TI Toxicity and metabolism of the conjugates of 3-nitropropanol and 3-nitropropionic acid in forages poisonous to livestock SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE toxic plant; Astragalus; Coronilia; Hippocrepis; Indigofera; Lotus; toxic fungi; Arthrinium; Aspergillus; Penicillium; 3-nitropropanol; 3-nitropropionic acid; rumen metabolism; Denitrobacterium ID MISER VAR-SEROTINUS; ALIPHATIC NITRO-COMPOUNDS; AMERICAN ASTRAGALUS FABACEAE; CROWNVETCH CORONILLA-VARIA; BOVINE RUMEN FLUID; MISEROTOXIN AGLYCONE; RUMINAL MICROORGANISMS; COLUMBIA MILKVETCH; TIMBER MILKVETCH; CORYNOCARPUS-LAEVIGATUS AB Glycosides of 3-nitro-1-propanol (nitropropanol) and glucose esters of 3-nitro-1-propanoic acid (nitropropionic acid) occur in many forages distributed throughout the world. Systemically, nitropropionic acid irreversibly inactivates succinate dehydrogenase, thereby blocking ATP formation. Nitropropanol is not toxic per se in mammals but is converted to nitropropionic acid by hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase. Nitrotoxins can be metabolized by rumen microbes, which may provide a mechanism for detoxification. At least 20 different ruminal bacteria are known to metabolize the nitrotoxins, but most appear to play a minor role in detoxification. Evidence suggests that an obligate anaerobic nitro-respiring bacterium, Denitrobacterium detoxificans, may be particularly important in conferring protection to animals consuming the nitrotoxins as this bacterium metabolizes the toxins at rates near those by mixed ruminal populations. Rates of ruminal nitrotoxin metabolism can be enhanced by modifying the rumen environment through dietary manipulations, which suggests in vivo enrichment of competent nitrotoxin-metabolizing bacteria such as D. detoxificans. C1 USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Range Res Unit, Kamloops, BC V2B 8A9, Canada. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Anderson, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM anderson@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 101 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 23 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 6 BP 2344 EP 2350 DI 10.1021/jf040392j PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 907RR UT WOS:000227736100077 PM 15769179 ER EF