FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI Dutcher, JD Hatab, M AF Shapiro-Ilan, DI Dutcher, JD Hatab, M TI Recycling potential and fitness of steinernematid nematodes cultured in Curculio caryae and Gaileria mellonella SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Curculio cagae; entomopathogenic nematode; fitness; pecan; Steinernema carpocapsae; Steinernema riobrave ID PECAN WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; HETERORHABDITIS-BACTERIOPHORA; LARVAE; PERSISTENCE; EMERGENCE; VIRULENCE; POPULATIONS; RHABDITIDA; TISSUES AB The recycling potential of entomopathogenic nematodes in the pecan weevil, Curculio caryae, following inundative applications is an important factor in considering whether nematodes could be incorporated into a C. caryae management strategy. Our objective was to determine the recycling potential and fitness of Steinernema carpocapsae and S. riobrave cultured in C. caryae. To estimate fitness and quality, we reared nematodes in larvae of C. caryae and in the commonly used standard host, the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella. Nematode lipid content, infectivity (power to invade), virulence (power to kill), and reproductive capacity (yield per insect) in C. caryae larvae were compared with G. mellonella data. Lipid content was higher in S. carpocapsae Cultured in C. caryae than in G. mellonella, but S. riobrave lipid content was not affected by host source. Host source did not affect subsequent infectivity or virulence to C. caryae (P > 0.05) but did affect reproductive capacity (P < 0.0001). Both nematode species produced more progeny in C. caryae when they were first Cultured in G. mellonella than when they were first passed through C. caryae. In terms of potential to recyclc under field conditions, we predict that nematodes resulting from one round of recycling in C. caryae larvae would be equally capable of infecting and killing more weevils, but the potential to continue recycling in C. caryae would diminish over time due to reduced reproduction in that host. C1 USDA, ARS, SAA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Biol Control Consultants, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SAA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM dshapiro@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 37 IS 1 BP 12 EP 17 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 941MX UT WOS:000230220000003 PM 19262838 ER PT J AU Handoo, ZA Carta, LK Skantar, AM Ye, W Robbins, RT Subbotin, SA Fraedrich, SW Cram, MM AF Handoo, ZA Carta, LK Skantar, AM Ye, W Robbins, RT Subbotin, SA Fraedrich, SW Cram, MM TI Morphological and molecular characterization of Longidorus americanum n. sp (Nematoda : Longidoridae), a needle nematode parasitizing pine in Georgia SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA sequencing; Georgia; loblolly pine; Longidorus americanum n. sp.; molecular data; morphology; new species; needle nematode; phylogenetics; SEM; taxonomy ID SEEDLINGS; JUVENILE; ARKANSAS AB We describe and illustrate a new needle nematode, Longidorus americanum n. sp., associated with patches of severely stunted and chlorotic loblolly pine, (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings in seedbeds at the Flint River Nursery (Byromville, GA). It is characterized by having females with a body length of 5.4-9.0 mm; lip region slightly swollen, anteriorly flattened, giving the anterior end a truncate appearance; long odontostyle (124-165 mu m); vulva at 44%-52% of body length; and tail conoid, bluntly rounded to almost hemispherical. Males are rare but present, and in general shorter than females. The new species is morphologically similar to L. biformis, L. paravineacola, L. saginus, and L. tarjani but differs from these species either by the body, odontostyle and total stylet length, or by head and tail shape. Sequence data from the D2-D3 region of the 28S rDNA distinguishes this new species from other Longidorus species. Phylogenetic relationships of Longidorus americanum n. sp. with other longidorids based on analysis of this DNA fragment are presented. Additional information regarding the distribution of this species within the region is required. C1 USDA, ARS, Nematol Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Arkansas, Nematol Lab, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Parasitol, Moscow 117091, Russia. USDA, Forest Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Handoo, ZA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Nematol Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 011A,Room 165B, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM handooz@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 37 IS 1 BP 94 EP 104 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 941MX UT WOS:000230220000013 PM 19262848 ER PT J AU Sofic, E Rimpapa, Z Kundurovic, Z Sapcanin, A Tahirovic, I Rustembegovic, A Cao, G AF Sofic, E Rimpapa, Z Kundurovic, Z Sapcanin, A Tahirovic, I Rustembegovic, A Cao, G TI Antioxidant capacity of the neurohormone melatonin SO JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION LA English DT Article DE oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC); melatonin; antioxidant; peroxyl radical; hydroxyl radical; transition metal; neutral red radical; photolysis of neutral red; photosensitizer ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NEUTRAL RED; TRANSITION-METALS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DISEASES; PEROXIDATION; GLUTATHIONE; REDUCTION; RELEVANCE AB The aim of this study was to elucidate the antioxidant behaviour of melatonin (M) and determine its activity-structure relationship. M or 5-metoxy-N acetyltriptamine is a neurohormone secreted by the pineal gland, which plays a proven role in maintaining sleep- wake rhythms. The antioxidant capacity of M was analysed using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. Furthermore, spectral measurements for aerobic photolytic reaction of neutral red ( NR) and degree of inhibition of photolysis with M, glutathione ( GSH), ascorbic acid ( AA) and vitamin E analogue Trolox were studied at room temperature 25degreesC, using visible (VIS) and ultra-violet (UV) radiations. In the ORAC assay 2,2-azobis (2-amidino-propane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) a peroxyl radical generator, ROOdegrees; H2O2-Cu2+, mainly a hydroxyl radical generator, degreesOH; and Cu2+ a transition metal were used. Although some studies indicated that M is a powerful antioxidant, no one has compared its antioxidant capacities with GSH, E- vitamin and AA, using three free radical ( FR) generators in an assay which utilizes an area- under curve technique and thus combines both inhibition time and inhibition degree of FR action by an antioxidant into a single quantity. In the current study, we used ORAC assay with three FR generators. The assay is based on propensity of the fluorescence emitted by the protein beta-phycoerythrin (b- PE) from porphyridium cruentum to be quenched when exposed to FR action. M in our experiments acted as a universal antioxidant against ROOdegrees and degreesOH radicals. Also, M served as an antioxidant in the presence of Cu2+. M, which is a lipid-soluble compound, was a twice more powerful antioxidant than vitamin E, and four times than AA or GSH. Furthermore, M inhibited aerobic photolysis of NR photoinduced with VIS and UV rays faster and more effectively, than AA, GSH or vitamin E. AA with NR, under aerobic conditions during irradiation with VIS and UV acted as a pro-oxidant. M may be the premier molecule to protect the cells from oxidative stress. C1 Univ Sarajevo, Dept Chem, Fac Sci, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia & Herceg. Harvard Univ, HSPH, Dept Mol & Cellular Toxicol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, Neurosci & Phytochem Labs, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Sarajevo, Fac Med, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia & Herceg. Anton Proksch Inst, Dept Alcohol & Drug Dependence, Vienna, Austria. RP Sofic, E (reprint author), Univ Sarajevo, Dept Chem, Fac Sci, Zmaja Bosne 33-35, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia & Herceg. EM esofic@pmf.unsa.ba OI Sapcanin, Aida/0000-0003-3501-9353 NR 31 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0300-9564 J9 J NEURAL TRANSM JI J. Neural Transm. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 112 IS 3 BP 349 EP 358 DI 10.1007/s00702-004-0270-4 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 899ML UT WOS:000227148400003 PM 15666035 ER PT J AU Quinlivan, EP Davis, SR Shelnutt, KP Henderson, GN Ghandour, H Shane, B Selhub, J Bailey, LB Stacpoole, PW Gregory, JF AF Quinlivan, EP Davis, SR Shelnutt, KP Henderson, GN Ghandour, H Shane, B Selhub, J Bailey, LB Stacpoole, PW Gregory, JF TI Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C -> T polymorphism and folate status affect one-carbon incorporation into human DNA deoxynucleosides SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2003 Annual Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA DE thymidine; methyldeoxycytidine; deoxypurine; LC-MS/MS; isotope ID HEALTHY-YOUNG WOMEN; 5,10-METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; HOMOCYSTEINE REMETHYLATION; C677T POLYMORPHISM; SYNTHESIS RATES; ACUTE-LEUKEMIA; BREAST-CANCER; GENE; METHYLATION; RISK AB The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C-->T polymorphism is thought to influence the partitioning of 1-carbon units between methylation and other components of 1-carbon metabolism and to influence the risk and etiology of several major cancers and cardiovascular disease. Our objective was to determine the effect of the MTHFR 677C-->T polymorphism and folate status on the relative rate and extent of in vivo synthesis of DNA precursors. Adequately nourished, healthy women (9 CC, 9 TT) were infused with [3(-13)C]serine and [C-13(5),] methionine for 9 h before and after 7 wk of consumption of a low-folate diet. Blood was drawn over 5 d for monocyte DNA isolation. Isotopic enrichment of the nucleosides in DNA digests was determined by LC-MS/MS. Maximum thymidine enrichment tended to be higher (P = 0.07) in TT than in CC subjects, suggestive of marginally higher mean thymidylate synthesis. However, the subset of TT subjects who exhibited formyltetrahydrofolate in erythrocytes (an indicator of 1-carbon partitioning) had greater (P = 0.036) thymidine enrichment than CC subjects, who had no erythrocyte formyltetrahydrofolate. Purine enrichment was not affected by genotype or folate depletion. However, the deoxyadenosine to cleoxyguanosine enrichment ratio was significantly higher in TT subjects, suggesting a greater relative rate of adenine synthesis. The similar to40% greater (P = 0.012) labeling of the methyl group of methyldeoxycytidine during folate depletion suggests a change in the origin of this 1-carbon unit. This is the first time that 1-carbon incorporation into human DNA has been measured in vivo after infusion of C-13-labeled 1-carbon precursors. These findings support the feasibility of further assessment of factors affecting deoxynucleotide synthesis and DNA methylation in human 1-carbon metabolism. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Coll Med, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Coll Med, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Tufts Univ, Vitamin Metab Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci & Toxicol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gregory, JF (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jfgy@ufl.edu RI Quinlivan, Eoin/B-8454-2008; OI Quinlivan, Eoin/0000-0002-0908-1762; Gregory, Jesse/0000-0002-9976-2085 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000082, M01 RR 00082]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK056274, DK 42033, DK 56274] NR 45 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 135 IS 3 BP 389 EP 396 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 904PF UT WOS:000227509500006 PM 15735068 ER PT J AU Tai, ES Corella, D Demissie, S Cupples, LA Coltell, O Schaefer, EJ Tucker, KL Ordovas, JM AF Tai, ES Corella, D Demissie, S Cupples, LA Coltell, O Schaefer, EJ Tucker, KL Ordovas, JM TI Polyunsaturated fatty acids interact with the PPARA-L162V polymorphism to affect plasma triglyceride and apolipoprotein C-III concentrations in the Framingham heart study SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE PUFA; PPARA, gene-nutrient interaction; triglycerides ID PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR; PPAR-ALPHA GENE; FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM; LIPID CONCENTRATIONS; N-3; TRANSCRIPTION; ASSOCIATION; DISEASE; CHOLESTEROL AB Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) is a nuclear transcription factor regulating multiple genes involved in lipid metabolism. It was shown that a common leucine to valine (L162V) substitution at the PPARalpha gene (PPARA) is functional and affects transactivation activity of PPARalpha ligands, such as PUFA, on a concentration-dependent basis. The current study examined this gene-nutrient interaction in relation to plasma lipid variables in a population-based study consisting of 1003 men and 1103 women participating in the Framingham cohort and consuming their habitual diets. We found significant gene-nutrient interactions between the L162V polymorphism and total PUFA intake, which modulated plasma triglycerides (TG; P < 0.05) and apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III; P < 0.05) concentrations. The 162V allele was associated with greater TG and apoC-III concentrations only in subjects consuming a low-PUFA diet (below the population mean, 6% of energy). However, when PUFA intake was high, carriers of the 162V allele had lower apoC-III concentrations. This interaction was significant even when PUFA intake was considered as a continuous variable (P = 0.031 for TG and P < 0.001 for apoC-III), suggesting a strong dose-response effect. When PUFA intake was < 4%, 162V allele carriers had similar to28% higher plasma TG than did 162L homozygotes (P < 0.01). Conversely, when PUFA intake,was > 8%, plasma TG in 162V allele carriers was 4% lower than in 162L homozygotes. Similar results were obtained for (n-6) and (n-3) fatty acids. Our data show that the effect of the L162V polymorphism on plasma TG and apoC-III concentrations depends on the dietary PUFA, with a high intake triggering lower TG in carriers of the 162V allele. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Epidemiol & Dietary Assessment Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Singapore 169608, Singapore. Univ Valencia, Dept Prevent Med, Genet & Mol Epidemiol Unit, Valencia 46010, Spain. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680; Tai, E Shyong/0000-0003-2929-8966 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 54776, N01 HC 25195] NR 35 TC 79 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 135 IS 3 BP 397 EP 403 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 904PF UT WOS:000227509500007 PM 15735069 ER PT J AU Rosado, JL Diaz, M Gonzalez, K Griffin, I Abrams, SA Preciado, R AF Rosado, JL Diaz, M Gonzalez, K Griffin, I Abrams, SA Preciado, R TI The addition of milk or yogurt to a plant-based diet increases zinc bioavailability but does not affect iron bioavailability in women SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE nutrient bioavailability; zinc absorption; iron absorption; Mexican diets; stable isotopes ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; SCHOOL-CHILDREN; STABLE-ISOTOPES; POOLED ANALYSIS; MEXICAN DIETS; NONHEME-IRON; ABSORPTION; CALCIUM AB The addition of milk and milk-based products to the diets of individuals subsisting on plant-based diets was reported to have positive effects on nutritional status and functional outcomes such as growth, morbidity, and cognition. We examined the effect of the addition of milk or yogurt on the bioavailability of zinc and iron from a plant-based rural diet. The subjects were 48 Mexican women (30.9 +/- 5.7 y) who habitually consumed a plant-based diet. The women were assigned to 1 of 3 groups: 1) the typical rural Mexican diet, 2) that diet with milk added, or 3) that diet with yogurt for 13 d. Zinc absorption was measured after extrinsically labeling meals with Zn-67 and an i.v. dose of Zn-70; iron absorption was measured by extrinsically labeling meals with (58)fe and a reference oral dose of Fe-57. Including milk and yogurt in the diet increased zinc absorption by 50 and 68%, respectively (P < 0.05). The 3 groups did not differ in the percentage iron absorption. The total amount of zinc absorbed was increased (P < 0.05) by 70% when milk was added to the meal and 78% when yogurt was added. The total amount of iron absorbed did not differ among the groups. The addition of milk and yogurt to a plant-based diet high in phytate increases zinc bioavailability without affecting iron bioavailability. C1 Univ Autonoma Queretaro, Fac Ciencias Nat, Queretaro, Mexico. Inst Nacl Ciencias Med & Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Rosado, JL (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Queretaro, Fac Ciencias Nat, Queretaro, Mexico. EM jlrosado@avantel.net RI Diaz Martinez, Margarita/M-7309-2013; OI Diaz Martinez, Margarita/0000-0003-2419-6821; Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 45 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 135 IS 3 BP 465 EP 468 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 904PF UT WOS:000227509500017 PM 15735079 ER PT J AU Dorfman, SE Wang, S Vega-Lopez, S Jauhiainen, M Lichtenstein, AH AF Dorfman, SE Wang, S Vega-Lopez, S Jauhiainen, M Lichtenstein, AH TI Dietary fatty acids and cholesterol differentially modulate HDL cholesterol metabolism in golden-Syrian hamsters SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE reverse cholesterol transport; lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase; lipid transfer; scavenger receptor B class 1; apolipoprotein A-I ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; PHOSPHOLIPID-TRANSFER PROTEIN; ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN; MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR B1; SR-BI; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; TRANSGENIC RABBITS; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Dietary fatty acids alter HDL cholesterol concentrations, presumably through mechanisms related to reverse cholesterol transport. The effect of dietary fats (coconut oil, butter, traditional stick margarine, soybean oil, canola oil) differing in fatty acid profile on this antiatherogenic process was assessed with respect to plasma lipids; exogenous and endogenous lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP), phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) activities; and LCAT, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and scavenger receptor B class-1 (SR-B1) mRNA abundance. Golden-Syrian hamsters were fed a nonpurified (6.25 g/100 g fat) diet containing an additional 10 g/100 g experimental fat and 0.1 g/100 g cholesterol for 6 wk. Canola and soybean oils significantly lowered serum HDL cholesterol concentrations relative to butter. Canola oil, relative to butter, resulted in higher exogenous LCAT activity, and both soybean and canola oils significantly increased hepatic apo A-I and SR-B1 mRNA abundance. Butter, relative to margarine, coconut and soybean oils, significantly increased serum non-HDL cholesterol concentrations. Endogenous and exogenous LCAT, CETP, and PLTP activities did not differ in hamsters fed margarine or saturated fat diets, despite lower hepatic LCAT, apo A-I, and SR-B1 mRNA abundance, suggesting that changes in available substrate and/or modification to the LCAT protein may have been involved in lipoprotein changes. These results suggest that lower HDL cholesterol concentrations, as a result of canola and soybean oil feeding, may not be detrimental due to increases in components involved in the reverse cholesterol transport process in these hamsters and may retard the progression of atherosclerosis. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Mol Med, Helsinki, Finland. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Alice.Lichtenstein@tufts.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 54727, 1T32 HL 69772-01A1, T32 HL069772]; NIDDK NIH HHS [T32 DK 62032-11, T32 DK062032] NR 50 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 135 IS 3 BP 492 EP 498 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 904PF UT WOS:000227509500021 PM 15735083 ER PT J AU Tucker, KL Hallfrisch, J Qiao, N Muller, D Andres, R Fleg, JL AF Tucker, KL Hallfrisch, J Qiao, N Muller, D Andres, R Fleg, JL TI The combination of high fruit and vegetable and low saturated fat intakes is more protective against mortality in aging men than is either alone: The Baltimore longitudinal study of aging SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE fruit and vegetables; saturated fat; coronary heart disease; mortality; men ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; DIETARY PATTERNS; US ADULTS; RISK; PREVENTION; WOMEN; TRENDS; TRIAL AB Saturated fat (SF) intake contributes to the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality. Recently, the protective effects of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake on both CHD and all-cause mortality were documented. However, individuals consuming more FV may be displacing higher-fat foods. Therefore, we investigated the individual and combined effects of FV and SF consumption on total and CHD mortality among 501 initially healthy men in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). Over a mean 18 y of follow-up, 7-d diet records were taken at 1-7 visits. Cause of death was ascertained from death certificates, hospital records, and autopsy data. After adjustment for age, total energy intake, BMI, smoking, alcohol use, dietary supplements, and physical activity score, FV and SF intakes were individually associated with lower all-cause and CHD mortality (P < 0.05). When both FV and SF were included in the same model, associations of each were attenuated with CHD mortality, and no longer significant for all-cause mortality. Men consuming the combination of 5 servings of FV/d and less than or equal to 12% energy from SF were 31% less likely to die of any cause (P < 0.05), and 76% less likely to die from CHD (P < 0.001), relative to those consuming < 5 FV and > 12% SF Men consuming either low SF or high FV, but not both, did not have a significantly lower risk of total mortality; but did have 64-67% lower risk of CHD mortality (P < 0.05) relative to those doing neither. These results confirm the protective effects of low SF and high FV intake against CHD mortality. In addition, they extend these findings by demonstrating that the combination of both behaviors is more protective than either alone, suggesting that their beneficial effects are mediated by different mechanisms. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NIA, Intramural Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 30 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 135 IS 3 BP 556 EP 561 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 904PF UT WOS:000227509500031 PM 15735093 ER PT J AU Gordon, LB Harten, IA Patti, ME Lichtenstein, AH AF Gordon, LB Harten, IA Patti, ME Lichtenstein, AH TI Reduced adiponectin and HDL cholesterol without elevated C-reactive protein: Clues to the biology of premature atherosclerosis in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; SERUM ADIPONECTIN; HEART-DISEASE; HYPOADIPONECTINEMIA; LIPODYSTROPHIES; MUTATIONS; APOPTOSIS; EVENTS; PLASMA AB Objectives Children with Hutehinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) die of severe premature atherosclerosis at an average age of 13 years. Although the LMNA gene defect responsible for this "premature aging syndrome" has been identified, biological mechanisms underlying the accelerated atherosclerosis are unknown. We determined whether children with HGPS demonstrate abnormalities in known biomarkers for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Study design We quantified serum lipids, lipoproteins, C-reactive protein (CRP), and adiponectin in children with HGPS and age-matched control children. Results HDL cholesterol (P < .0001) and adiponectin (P < .001) concentrations decreased significantly with increasing age in HGPS but not in control children. There was a positive correlation between these variables in HGPS (P < .0001) but not control children. Mean total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol. triglyceride, and median CRP levels were similar between HGPS and control children (all P > .05). Conclusions Declining HDL cholesterol and adiponectin with advancing age may contribute to accelerated atherosclerotic plaque formation in HGPS. Several factors frequently associated with CVD risk in normal aging (elevated CRP, total and LDL cholesterol) showed no difference and are unlikely to influence CVD risk in HGPS. HDL and adiponectin may represent significant mediators and potential therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis in HGPS. C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cellular Biol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Rhode Isl Hosp, Dept Pediat, Providence, RI USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Res, Joslin Diabet Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Gordon, LB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cellular Biol, 136 Harrison Ave,Stearns Bldg,Room 610, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01-HL-58008, HL-54727]; NIA NIH HHS [1-R21-AG021902-01]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK060837, R01-DK62948] NR 39 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 146 IS 3 BP 336 EP 341 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.10.064 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 906SI UT WOS:000227662600012 PM 15756215 ER PT J AU Cortesi, P Bartoli, E Pizzatti, C Song, WY Schaad, NW AF Cortesi, P Bartoli, E Pizzatti, C Song, WY Schaad, NW TI First report of Acidovorax avenae ssp avenae on rice in Italy SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Milan, Ist Patol Vegetale, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Microbial Resource Res Lab, Chonju, Chonbuk, South Korea. USDA, FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Cortesi, P (reprint author), Univ Milan, Ist Patol Vegetale, Via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milan, Italy. EM paolo.cortesi@unimi.it RI Cortesi, Paolo/L-9832-2015 OI Cortesi, Paolo/0000-0002-2992-4253 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 87 IS 1 BP 76 EP 76 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 916FT UT WOS:000228371500012 ER PT J AU Medina, MB AF Medina, MB TI A biosensor method for a competitive immunoassay detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in milk SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMON RESONANCE BIOSENSOR; REAL-TIME; AUREUS; FOODS; IDENTIFICATION; IMMUNOSENSOR; PERSPECTIVES; SYSTEM; TOXINS AB A sensitive and more rapid biosensor method for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) is needed by the food industry. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is highly heat resistant and is a potential bioterrorism agent. Our research objective was to develop a competitive immunoassay using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor for the detection of SEB below 1 ng/mL [part per billion (ppb)] in fresh fluid milk. The assay consisted of SEB immobilization on the sensor surface. An anti-SEB was allowed to bind with the SEB in samples off line prior to the biosensor analysis. The excess and unbound anti-SEB was then captured by SEB sensor The assay conditions were optimized to detect SEB in HEPES buffer and in whole milk. An analysis of milk samples spiked with 0.312-50 ppb. SEB consisted of heating the samples at 95C followed by rapid cooling and centrifugation at 2961 x g to separate the skim fraction. Aliquots of the skim fraction containing SEB were allowed to bind with anti-SEB for 30 or 60 min. The SEB and anti-SEB complex were separated front the free anti-SEB by centrifugation, and the supernatants were injected over the sensor SEB was detectable in buffer at 0.78-50 ppb and in spiked whole and skim milk from 0.312-25 ppb. The biosensor analysis including the sensor regeneration was 15 min per sample in a fully automated system. The competitive assay format resulted in higher detection sensitivity and greater sample throughput than the SPR biosensor sandwich assay. The competitive assay will be utilized for the detection of SEB in various foods and will be optimized for the detection of other staphylococcal toxins in foods. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Medina, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mmedina@arserrc.gov NR 36 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI J Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 13 IS 1 BP 37 EP 55 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2005.00005.x PG 19 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 930WF UT WOS:000229447100005 ER PT J AU Hu, C Delgado, JA Zhang, X Ma, L AF Hu, C Delgado, JA Zhang, X Ma, L TI Assessment of groundwater use by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Luancheng Xian region and potential implications for water conservation in the northwestern North China Plain SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE groundwater conservation; North China Plain; water use efficiency ID YIELD RELATIONS; USE EFFICIENCY; WINTER-WHEAT; IRRIGATION; NITROGEN AB Agricultural sustainability in China, especially in the North China Plain, is highly dependent on water resource availability. Land management has changed dramatically in this region since the 1970's when a more intensive practice of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and summer corn (Zea mays L.) in one-year rotation started causing excessive exploitation of groundwater to meet crop water needs for high yield productivity. Over fifty percent of the area in the northwestern region of the North China Plain is irrigated using groundwater. Over ninety percent of Luancheng Man county is in a groundwater-irrigated winter wheat-corn rotation. In addition the irrigation management practices, agricultural management practices, soil textural classes (mostly loam soils) and climate are similar throughout the Northwestern North China Plain and the Luancheng Man county. Our objectives were to identify whether land use is a factor contributing to groundwater table decline in Luancheng Man county of the North China Plain and to use long term small plot studies from 1998 to 2002 to evaluate the potential of limited irrigation based on wheat stage of growth as a viable water-saving practice to reduce consumptive use and stabilize the groundwater table. Assessment of groundwater resources for the Luancheng Man county found that groundwater levels have been dropping at a rate of 0.8 m yr(.1) (31.52 in yr(-1)) (P < 0.001). This occurred during a time of significantly lower precipitation that explained about 91 percent of the groundwater depletion rate (P < 0.001). The drop in groundwater levels was also correlated (r(2) = 0.71) with the increased area planted to wheat (P < 0.001). At this current rate of groundwater use, the resource will be depleted within three decades. A more efficient management system that increases water use efficiency or amount of grain produced per unit of water use is needed for sustainabitity of the cropped areas. We found that irrigation scheduling based on wheat stage of growth can significantly increase water use efficiency when we target application of two key 60 mm (2.36 in) irrigation events at the jointing and heading. stages of growth when compared to traditional irrigation management practices that use four irrigation events (240 mm or 9.46 in) (P < 0.05). Although simulated Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration from 1998 to 2002 was significantly correlated with measured values (P < 0.001), Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration values were higher than evapotranspiration measured with weighing lysimeters (P < 0.05). Our 1998 to 2002 studies suggest that there is potential to use stage of growth and water budget models for irrigation scheduling in the Northwestern North China Plain and cut water use by nearly fifty percent without significantly reducing grain yields. It is imperative that these practices tested in small plots now be demonstrated in commercial applications to conserve groundwater resources and maintain agricultural sustainability needed to feed China's increasing population. C1 Shijiazhuang Inst Agr Modernizat, Shijiazhuang, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Shijiazhuang Inst Agr Modernizat, Shijiazhuang, Peoples R China. NR 23 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 60 IS 2 BP 80 EP 88 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 912OW UT WOS:000228089800010 ER PT J AU Truman, CC Shaw, JN Reeves, DW AF Truman, CC Shaw, JN Reeves, DW TI Tillage effects on rainfall partitioning and sediment yield from an ultisol in central Alabama SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE infiltration; paratill; residue; runoff; simulated rainfall; water conservation ID CONSERVATION-TILLAGE; SOIL LOSS; SIMULATED RAINFALL; CONVENTIONAL-TILLAGE; HAPLUDULT SOIL; WATER LOSSES; INFILTRATION; RUNOFF; SYSTEMS; EROSION AB Coastal Plain soils in the Southeast have been intensively cropped, traditionally managed under conventional tillage practices, and are susceptible to erosion. Conservation tillage systems have significant potential as a management tool for row crop production, especially on sandy surface soils of the Coastal Plain because they reduce soil toss and conserve water. We quantified rainfall partitioning and sediment delivery from a Plinthic Paledudult-Typic Hapludult soil complex (loamy sand surface) located in the Coastal Plain region of Alabama managed under conventional- and no-till systems for 10 years. Conventional till and no-till treatments were evaluated with and without surface (Black Oat, Avena strigoso Schreb.) residue (0(.)-9600 kg ha(-1)) and with and without paratilling (non-inversion subsoiling to 40 cm). Field plots (similar to 6o m(2)) represented eight treatment combinations, two tillage treatments (conventional till, no-till), two residue management treatments, residue removed or left in place (+R), and two non-inversion, deep tillage treatments, paratilled, non-paratilled, with each treatment combination replicated four times. Two 1-m(2) rainfall simulator plots were established on one tillage-residue-deep tillage treatment replicate. Each 1-m(2) plot received 2 h of simulated rainfall (50 mm h(-1)). Runoff and sediment delivery were continuously measured from each flat, level-sloping 1-m(2) plot (slope = 1 percent). No-till plots had at least two times less runoff and four times less sediment delivery compared to conventional till plots. Runoff was greatest for conventional till, residue removed, non-paratilled Plots (58 percent of the rainfall amount), and lowest for no-till, residue left in place, paratilled plots (4 percent of the rainfall amount). About 42 percent of the rainfall infiltrated in the conventional tilt, residue removed, non-paratilled plots (worst-case scenario) compared to about 96 percent for the no-till, residue left in place, paratilled plots (best-case scenario), resulting in only 2.8 days of water for crop use in conventional till, residue removed, non-paratilled plots and 6.9 days of water for crop use in no-tit[, residue left in place, paratilled Plots (2-5-fold difference). Removing residue resulted in 18 percent more runoff as a rainfall percentage (18 percent less infiltration) for no-tit[ plots and 25 percent more runoff (25 percent less infiltration) for conventional till plots, and accounted for 38 to 76 percent of the differences in runoff and sediment transported from no-till and conventional till plots. For conventional till and no-till plots, removing surface residue increased sediment yields by 1.5 and 7 times. Paratilling resulted in 10 percent less runoff as a rainfall percentage (10 percent more infiltration) for no-till plots and 26 percent less runoff (26 percent more infiltration) for conventional till plots. Compared to non-paratilled conventional tilt and no-till plots, paratilling caused runoff rates to increase at a slower rate, and increased steady-state runoff rates by 40 percent and 400 percent, respectively. Paratilling reduced bulk density (0 to 12 cm) and soil strength 0 to 50 cm) by at least 15 percent compared to non-paratilled treatments. Combining residue management and paratilling through conservation tillage in row-crop agriculture in the Coastal Plain region of Alabama reduces runoff and soil toss for conventional till and no-till systems by improving soil properties and maintaining infiltration, resultng in increased estimates of plant available water. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Ctr, Watkinsville, GA USA. RP Truman, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 44 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 10 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 60 IS 2 BP 89 EP 98 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 912OW UT WOS:000228089800011 ER PT J AU Liu, CK Latona, NP Lee, J AF Liu, CK Latona, NP Lee, J TI Glutaraldehyde-tanned leather treated with tocopherol SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID COLLAGEN AB Non-chrome-tanned (chrome-free) leather has gradually gained commercial importance, particularly for automobile upholstery applications. UV and heat resistance are very important qualities for automobile applications. We developed an environmentally friendly finishing process that will improve the UV and heat resistance of automobile upholstery leather. Tocopherol (Vitamin E) is a potent free radical scavenger and highly protective agent for collagen fibers against UV damage. We previously reported that the application of tocopherol to the grain layer of chrome-tanned leather improved its durability. The current study focuses on non-chrome-tanned leather made with a glutaraldehyde tanning process. We applied tocopherol to the grain layer of that leather and also studied the addition of tocopherol to the fatliquoring drums. Following exposure in a Fade-Ometer, the treated samples were evaluated by colorimetry and mechanical testing for the efficacy of UV and heat resistance. A polarizing microscope equipped with a Berek compensator was employed to determine the birefringence of the untreated and treated leather collagen fibers to determine the treatment effects on the degree of orientation. Data showed that leather coated with tocopherol exhibited significant improvement in tensile strength retention and color fading resistance against UV radiation and heat. Leather fatliquored with tocopherol, however, did not show a similar improvement. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Liu, CK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM cliu@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 100 IS 3 BP 102 EP 110 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 904ZR UT WOS:000227537700003 ER PT J AU Klun, JA Kramer, M Debboun, M AF Klun, JA Kramer, M Debboun, M TI A new in vitro bioassay system for discovery of novel human-use mosquito repellents SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; Anopheles stephensi; N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide; (1S, 2 ' S)-methylpiperi-dinyl-3-cyclohexen-1-carboxamide; 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperidine carboxylic acid 1-methylpropyl ester; yellow fever mosquito; Deet; Bayrepel((R)); SS-220; mosquito biting ID AEDES-AEGYPTI; EFFICACY; DEET; ASSAYS; TESTS; BLOOD; MODEL AB A Klun A Debboun (KAD) test module, previously developed and used for quantitative measurement of the efficacy of mosquito repellents on human volunteers, was adapted for in vitro evaluation of repellents by coupling the module with a membrane-blood reservoir. Performance of Deet, Bayrepel (R), and SS-220 insect repellents in the new in vitro system was compared with their performance on humans against mosquitoes using our standard in vivo system. For each compound, in vitro dose-response assays were conducted with compounds applied to cloth positioned over blood reservoirs covered with Baudruche membrane against Aedes aegypti. The repellents were also tested in vitro against Anopheles stephensi and Ae. aegypti at a fixed dose of 24 nmol compound/cm(2) cloth over the Baudruche and Edicol collagen membranes. Concurrently, the repellents were tested at the fixed dose using the KAD module on human volunteers. The observed proportions of both mosquito species deterred from biting in the fixed doses in the in vitro assays were similar to those obtained using humans, being clearly able to distinguish controls from repellents, and differing only in the ranking of the effectiveness of some of the repellents. Dose-response, relationships of the in vitro and in vivo systems were also very similar, although not directly comparable because the data were not collected concurrently. This new in vitro assay system can be used in high throughput screening of compounds to identify new repellents having potential for use as topical mosquito repellents on humans. C1 USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med S, Ft McPherson, GA 30330 USA. RP Klun, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 18 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 21 IS 1 BP 64 EP 70 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2005)21[64:ANIVBS]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 906GB UT WOS:000227627500012 PM 15825764 ER PT J AU Kenar, JA Knothe, G Dunn, RO Ryan, TW Matheaus, A AF Kenar, JA Knothe, G Dunn, RO Ryan, TW Matheaus, A TI Physical properties of oleochemical carbonates SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE branched carbonates; cetane number; cloud point; dialkyl carbonates; Guerbet carbonates; linear carbonates; oleochemical carbonates; lubricity; pour point; viscosity ID DIALKYL CARBONATES; ESTERS; VISCOSITY; CHAIN AB Carbonates are a class of compounds that have recently found increasing interest in commercial applications owing to their physical properties and relatively straightforward synthesis. In this work, physical and fuel properties of five straight-chain C17-39 and three branched C17-33 oleochemical carbonates were investigated. These properties included cetane number (CN), low-temperature properties, (kinematic) viscosity, lubricity, and surface tension. The carbonates studied had CN ranging from 47 to 107 depending on carbon chain length and branching. For the same number of carbons, the CN of carbonates were lower than those of FA alkyl esters owing to interruption of the CH2 chain by the carbonate moiety. Kinematic viscosities at 40 degrees C ranged from 4.9 to 22.6 mm(2)/S whereas m.p. ranged from +3 to below -50 degrees C depending on the carbonate structure. High-frequency reciprocating rig testing showed the neat carbonates to have acceptable lubricity that improved as chain length increased. Finally, the carbonate's ability to influence cold-flow properties in biodiesel (methyl soyate) and lubricity in low-lubricity ultra-low sulfur diesel were examined. The carbonates studied did not significantly affect cold flow or lubricity properties at concentrations up to 10,000 ppm (1 wt%). The properties of the carbonates resemble those of fatty alkyl esters with similar trends resulting from compound structure. C1 USDA, ARS, NCAUR, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA, ARS, NCAUR, Food & Ind Oil Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. SW Res Inst, Engine & Vehicle Res Div, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Kenar, JA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, NCAUR, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kenarja@mail.ncaur.usda.gov NR 26 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 82 IS 3 BP 201 EP 205 DI 10.1007/s11746-005-5173-5 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 922AP UT WOS:000228808300009 ER PT J AU Harry-O'kuru, RE Gordon, SH Biswas, A AF Harry-O'kuru, RE Gordon, SH Biswas, A TI A facile synthesis of aminohydroxy triglycerides from new crop oils SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE aminated lipids; aminohydroxy triglycerides; epoxidation; in situ-generated peroxy acid; milkweed oil; salicornia oil AB Vegetable oils as the main source of plant lipids are currently generating much interest as renewable industrial feedstocks for nonfood industrial applications both as biobased lubricants and biodiesel fuels. But of particular interest for us is use of new crop oils in novel industrial applications. These oils, in general, are glyceryl esters with olefinic bonds, which are readily functionalizable. Aminated lipids are important intermediates in many applications including pharmaceutical formulations because they have a modifying effect on cell membranes. We have exploited the nucleophilic property of the carbon-carbon double bonds in two seed oils to generate the oxirane derivatives of the lipids. Ring opening of the epoxy intermediates with amines under anhydrous ZnCl2 catalysis is facile, and the reaction proceeds smoothly at moderate temperatures to give the aminohydroxy TG of milkweed and salicornia oils. C1 USDA, ARS, NCAUR, New Crops & Proc Technol Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA, ARS, NCAUR, Plant Polymer Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Harry-O'kuru, RE (reprint author), USDA, ARS, NCAUR, New Crops & Proc Technol Res, 1815 Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM harryore@ncaur.usda.gov NR 11 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 82 IS 3 BP 207 EP 212 DI 10.1007/s11746-005-1058-5 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 922AP UT WOS:000228808300010 ER PT J AU Kwiatkowski, JR Cheryan, M AF Kwiatkowski, JR Cheryan, M TI Recovery of corn oil from ethanol extracts of ground corn using membrane technology SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE corn oil; dry-grind; ethanol; membrane; nanofiltration; nonaqueous ID NANOFILTRATION AB The recovery of additional co-products from the dry-grind process for ethanol could influence the industry greatly, as most facilities today rely on subsidies and tax incentives to operate. Modification of the process to include the extraction of oil could add $0.30-0.50 per bushel to the value derived from corn. A process combining solvent extraction with membrane technology to recover the oil was investigated. To evaluate the feasibility of this process, several nanofiltration membranes were tested for their stability in ethanol. Each of the membranes was conditioned with a solution of water/ethanol (0-100 vol/vol%) and the top three were chosen based on their performance with respect to flux and rejection. Beginning at 5 g/L, solutions of corn oil in ethanol were concentrated to over 100 g/L with the DK (Osmonics-Desal, Minnetonka, MN), TFC-SR1 (Koch Membrane Systems, Inc., Wilmington, MA), and TFC-SR2 (Koch) membranes. The liquid extract was then similarly concentrated, yielding a retentate fraction that was highly concentrated with solids in addition to corn oil, such as protein (zein), lecithins, and other potentially high-value fractions soluble in ethanol. Analysis of the extract retentate showed a significant increase in oil concentration with an increase in the volume concentration ratio, indicating that pure ethanol extracts from corn may be successfully concentrated using nanofiltration membranes. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Agr Bioproc Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kwiatkowski, JR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jkwiatkowski@arserrc.gov NR 8 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 82 IS 3 BP 221 EP 227 DI 10.1007/s11746-005-5175-3 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 922AP UT WOS:000228808300012 ER PT J AU Wang, YJ Wisniewski, M Meilan, R Cui, MG Webb, R Fuchigami, L AF Wang, YJ Wisniewski, M Meilan, R Cui, MG Webb, R Fuchigami, L TI Overexpression of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase in tomato confers tolerance to chilling and salt stress SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS; SPECIES LYCOPERSICON-PENNELLII; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; MAIZE SEEDLINGS; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEMS; SOYBEAN SEEDS; UP-REGULATION; PEA-PLANTS; CHLOROPLASTS AB Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) plays an important role in the metabolism of hydrogen peroxide in higher plants, affording them protection against oxidative stress. We studied the effect of overexpressing a cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (cAPX) gene-derived from pea (Pisum sativum L.)-in transgenic tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). Transformants were selected in vitro using kanamycin resistance and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and northern analyses. An APX native-gel assay indicated that, in the absence of stress, APX activity in transgenic plants was several times greater than that measured in wild-type (WT) plants. Several independently transformed lines were propagated and evaluated for resistance to chilling and salt stress. After placing seeds at 9 degrees C for 5 weeks, percent germination was greater for seeds obtained from transgenic lines (26% to 37%) compared to the WT (3%). Plants from transgenic lines also had lower electrolyte leakage (20% to 23%) than WT (44%) after exposure to 4 degrees C. Visual assessment of transgenic and WT lines exposed to salinity stress (200 or 250 mm) confirmed that overexpression of APX minimized leaf damage. Moreover, APX activity was nearly 25- and 10-fold higher in the leaves of transgenic plants in response to chilling and salt stresses, respectively. Our results substantiate that increased levels of APX activity brought about by overexpression of a cytosolic APX gene may play an important role in ameliorating oxidative injury induced by chilling and salt stress. C1 USDA ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Wisniewski, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM mwisniew@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 63 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 130 IS 2 BP 167 EP 173 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 906HV UT WOS:000227632500004 ER PT J AU Brown, CR Culley, D Yang, CP Durst, R Wrolstad, R AF Brown, CR Culley, D Yang, CP Durst, R Wrolstad, R TI Variation of anthocyanin and carotenoid contents and associated antioxidant values in potato breeding lines SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; ASSAY; INHERITANCE; COLOR; FLESH AB A breeding effort designed to increase the antioxidant level of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by means of high concentrations of anthocyanins and/or carotenoids provided selected materials for analysis. Extraction methods suitable for isolating both hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds were used and measurements of total anthocyanin and total carotenoid were made. Two methods of measurement of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) adapted to hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds were applied. Total anthocyanin values varied between 9.5 and 38 mg per 100 g fresh weight (FW). The hydrophilic fraction ORAC measurements among anthocyanin-rich clones varied between 250 and 1420 mu mol Trolox equivalents per 100 g FW. These two variables were significantly correlated, r = 0.73, and with significant positive slope in linear regression. Measurement of total carotenoids revealed differing degrees of yellowness covered a range of total carotenoid extending from 35 to 795 jig per 100 g FW. Dark yellow cultivars had roughly 10 times more total carotenoid than white-flesh cultivars. The lipophilic fraction ORAC values ranged from 4.6 to 15.3 nmoles alpha-tocopherol equivalents per 100 g FW. Total carotenoid was correlated with the lipophilic ORAC values, r = 0.77, and also had a statistically significant positive regression coefficient. Clones with red and yellow pigments visible in the flesh had anthocyanins and carotenoids in elevated levels and ORAC contributions from both fractions. The introgression of high levels of carotenoid from germplasm directly extracted from the Papa Amarilla (yellow potato) category of cultivars of South America into long-day adapted North American materials is presented here. Although anthocyanins and carotenoids are major contributors to antioxidant activity, other constituents of potato flesh likely play significant roles in total antioxidant values. C1 USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Batelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Brown, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 29 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 130 IS 2 BP 174 EP 180 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 906HV UT WOS:000227632500005 ER PT J AU Schnell, RJ Olano, CT Brown, JS Meerow, AW Cervantes-Martinez, C Nagai, C Motamayor, JC AF Schnell, RJ Olano, CT Brown, JS Meerow, AW Cervantes-Martinez, C Nagai, C Motamayor, JC TI Retrospective determination of the parental population of superior cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) seedlings and association of microsatellite alleles with productivity SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; PATERNITY INFERENCE; FREQUENCIES; LOCI AB Commercial production of cacao in Hawaii is increasing, and this trend is expected to continue over the next several years. The increased acreages are being planted with seedlings from introduced and uncharacterized cacao populations from at least three initial introductions of cacao into the islands. Productive seedlings have been selected from a planting at Waialua, Oahu. The parents of these selections were believed to be the population at the Hawaii Agriculture Research Center (HARC) at Kunia; however, potential parental populations also exist at Univ. of Hawaii research stations at Waimanalo and Malama Ki. Using microsatellite markers, we analyzed the potential parental populations to identify the parents and determine the genetic background for 99 productive and 50 unproductive seedlings from the Waialua site. Based on 19 polymorphic microsatellite loci the parental population was identified as trees from Waimanalo and not trees from Malama Ki or Kunia. The Kunia and Malama Ki populations were very similar with low allelic diversity (A = 1.92) and low unbiased gene diversity (H-nb) of 0.311 and 0.329, respectively, and were determined to be Trinitario in type. The Waimanalo, productive seedling, and unproductive seedling populations had much higher levels of genetic diversity with H-nb of 0.699, 0.686, and 0.686, respectively, and were determined to be upper Amazon Forastero hybridized with Trinitario in type. An additional 46 microsatellite markers were amplified and analyzed in the Waimanalo parents, productive, and unproductive seedlings for a total of 65 loci. Seventeen loci contained alleles that were significantly associated with productive seedlings as determined by Armitage's trend test. Of these, 13 loci (76.4%) co-located with previously reported quantitative trait loci for productivity traits. These markers may prove useful for marker assisted selection and demonstrate the potential of association genetic studies in perennial tree crops such as cacao. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. USDA ARS, Mars Inc, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Schnell, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. NR 31 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 130 IS 2 BP 181 EP 190 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 906HV UT WOS:000227632500006 ER PT J AU Volk, GM Richards, CM Reilley, AA Henk, AD Forsline, PL Aldwinckle, HS AF Volk, GM Richards, CM Reilley, AA Henk, AD Forsline, PL Aldwinckle, HS TI Ex situ conservation of vegetatively propagated species: Development of a seed-based core collection for Malus sieversii SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GERMPLASM COLLECTIONS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MARKERS; APPLE; POPULATIONS AB Seeds and scionwood of Malus sieversii Lebed. have been collected from wild populations of apple trees in Kazakhstan. Seedlings and grafted trees were planted in the orchards at the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Plant Genetic Resources Unit in Geneva, N.Y. We developed core collections to capture the genetic and phenotypic diversity represented in the trees from each of two of the Kazakhstan collection sites. These core collections capture more than 90% of the genetic diversity of the original populations, as determined using seven unlinked simple sequence repeat markers and 19 quantitative traits. Since phenotypic evaluations of these materials have been completed, the 35 trees within each population will be used as parents in crosses so that the genetic diversity in the orchard populations can be captured as seed for long-term ex situ conservation. This strategy of storing seeds, rather than maintaining costly field collections, could be applied to other collections of wild plant materials in the National Plant Germplasm System. C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Volk, GM (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM avolk@lamar.colostate.edu RI Richards, Christopher/A-8328-2013 OI Richards, Christopher/0000-0002-9978-6079 NR 27 TC 52 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 130 IS 2 BP 203 EP 210 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 906HV UT WOS:000227632500009 ER PT J AU Lurie, S Lers, A Shacham, Z Sonego, L Burd, S Whitaker, B AF Lurie, S Lers, A Shacham, Z Sonego, L Burd, S Whitaker, B TI Expression of alpha-farnesene synthase AFS1 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase HMG2 and HMG3 in relation to alpha-farnesene and conjugated trienols in 'Granny Smith' apples heat or 1-MCP treated to prevent superficial scald SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STORED APPLES; FUNCTIONAL DISORDER; DELICIOUS APPLES; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; PEEL TISSUE; FRUIT; DIPHENYLAMINE; CLONING; AUTOXIDATION; INHIBITION AB Untreated control, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP)-treated, and heated fruit of the superficial scald-susceptible 'Granny Smith' cultivar of apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] were compared with respect to scald incidence, internal ethylene concentration (IEC), alpha-farnesene metabolism, expression of the genes AFS1, which encodes alpha-farnesene synthase, the final, rate-limiting enzyme in the alpha-farnesene biosynthetic pathway, and HMG2 and HMG3, which encode isozymes of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryi-coenzyme A reductase, the proposed rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid synthesis. The incidence of scald in untreated 'Granny Smith' apples after 16 weeks at 0 degrees C plus 1 week at 20 degrees C was 100%; 1-MCP treatment prevented scald development, whereas heat treatment delayed and reduced scald development. 1-MCP also inhibited both alpha-farnesene and IEC, suggesting that ethylene induces transcription of key genes involved in alpha-farnesene biosynthesis. Heat treatment reduced levels of alpha-farnesene and and its oxidation products, conjugated trienols (CTols), but not to the extent of 1-MCP. Internal ethylene concentrations in heated apples did not differ from those in the controls. In both control and heated fruit, a sharp increase in AFS1 mRNA during the first 4 weeks of storage preceded an increase in alpha-farnesene and a subsequent increase in CTols. AFS1 transcript was absent from 1-MCP-treated apples for the first 10 weeks of storage, and even at 16 weeks was lower than in heated and untreated control fruit. Levels of the HMG2 and HMG3 transcripts varied during storage and among treatments, and were not correlated with the incidence of scald. HMG2 mRNA transcript accumulation was low at harvest and increased in abundance during storage in all treatments, with the greatest increase occurring in 1-MCP-treated fruit. In contrast, HMG3 transcript was constitutively present at all storage times, although it too was slightly more abundant in 1-MCP-treated fruit. C1 Agr Res Org, Dept Postharvest Sci, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lurie, S (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Dept Postharvest Sci, Volcani Ctr, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM slurie43@agri.gov.il NR 39 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 130 IS 2 BP 232 EP 236 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 906HV UT WOS:000227632500013 ER PT J AU Stommel, J Abbott, JA Saftner, RA Camp, MJ AF Stommel, J Abbott, JA Saftner, RA Camp, MJ TI Sensory and objective quality attributes of beta-carotene and lycopene-rich tomato fruit SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FRESH-MARKET TOMATO; ORGANOLEPTIC QUALITY; FLAVOR INTENSITY; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; MAPPING QTLS; AROMA; JUDGMENTS; COLOR AB Consumer acceptance of fresh and processed tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) products is influenced by product appearance, flavor, aroma, and textural properties. Color is a key component that influences a consumer's initial perception of quality. Beta-carotene and lycopene are the principal carotenoids in tomato fruit that impart color. Analytical and sensory analyses of fruit quality constituents were conducted to assess real and perceived differences in fruit quality between orange-pigmented, high-beta-carotene cherry tomato genotypes and conventional lycopene-rich, red-pigmented cherry tomato cultivars. Thirteen sensory attributes were evaluated by untrained consumers under red-masking light conditions where differences in fruit color could not be discerned and then under white light. Panelists preferred the appearance of the red-pigmented cultivars when viewed under white light, but scored many of the other fruit-quality attributes of red- and orange-pigmented genotypes similarly whether they could discern the color or not. Irrespective of light conditions, significant genotype effects were noted for fruit appearance, sweetness, acidity/sourness, bitterness, tomato-like flavor, unpleasant aftertaste, firmness in fingers, juiciness, skin toughness, chewiness, bursting energy, and overall eating quality. Attributes whose scores differed between white and red-masking lights were intensities of tomato aroma, tomato-like flavor, sweetness, bursting energy, juiciness, and overall eating quality. The results demonstrated a color bias favoring red-pigmented fruit and highlight the influence that color has on perception of tomato fruit quality, particularly on tomato-like flavor, juiciness, and overall eating quality. Interactions between fruit chemical constituents likely influenced perceptions of quality. High-beta-carotene genotypes contained higher levels of sugars and soluble solids and equal or higher titratable acidity than the red-pigmented cultivars. Total volatile levels did not differ among genotypes; however, several individual volatiles were significantly higher in high-beta-carotene genotypes. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Stommel, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM stommelj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 130 IS 2 BP 244 EP 251 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 906HV UT WOS:000227632500015 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ Covell, CV Wheeler, AG AF Henry, TJ Covell, CV Wheeler, AG TI An annotated list of the plant bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera : Heteroptera), of Kentucky SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Heteroptera; Miridae; Kentucky; checklist; hosts; distributions ID HOST PLANTS; SEASONAL HISTORY; LIFE-HISTORY; DIAPHNOCORIS-CHLORIONIS; ORNAMENTAL HONEYLOCUST; ARTHROPOD FAUNA; NYMPHAL STAGES; UNITED-STATES; 5TH INSTAR; BIOLOGY AB A list of 202 species of Miridae, or plant bugs, of Kentucky is presented, based on study of more than 4,000 specimens from the University of Kentucky and University of Louisville collections and fieldwork conducted by the authors, supplemented by a review of the literature. One- hundred seventy-six species are newly recorded front the state; 26 species previously were known in Kentucky based on the most recent North American Heteroptera catalog and a few other literature sources. The Miridae in this list are arranged alphabetically by subfamily, tribe, genus, and species. Distribution, dates, host plants, depository, and number of specimens examined are provided for each species. When a Kentucky host was not recorded, literature documenting known hosts is given, along with selected papers providing biological information. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Biol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,USDA ARS, CO POB 37012,MRC-0168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM thenry@sel.barc.usda.gov; covell@louisville.edu; awhlr@clemson.edu NR 78 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD SPR-SUM PY 2005 VL 113 IS 1-2 BP 24 EP 76 DI 10.1664/0028-7199(2005)113[0024:AALOTP]2.0.CO;2 PG 53 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 969UE UT WOS:000232259700003 ER PT J AU Haggard, BE Stanley, EH Storm, DE AF Haggard, BE Stanley, EH Storm, DE TI Nutrient retention in a point-source-enriched stream SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE effluent; nitrogen; phosphorus; nitrification; nutrient uptake; retention; wastewater treatment plants ID PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION; WATER-QUALITY; DESERT STREAM; RIVER; NITROGEN; DYNAMICS; NITRIFICATION; EFFLUENT; SYSTEM; FOREST AB The capacity of a 3(rd)-order Ozark Plateau stream (Arkansas, USA) to take up (or remove) nutrient inputs from a rural wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was examined using nutrient spiraling methods. Short-term nutrient additions of ten are used to assess nutrient uptake length, where an exponential decline in the concentration of the added nutrient reflects gross nutrient uptake. We applied this quantitative framework using WWTP effluent as a stream nutrient addition, and estimated net nutrient uptake length (S-net), mass transfer coefficient (v(fnet)), and uptake rate (U-net) in Columbia Hollow, Arkansas. Water samples were collected at a reference site upstream of the WWTP input and at 6 sites downstream of the WWTP (0.3-2.7 km). Input from the WWTP significantly increased discharge, temperature, conductivity, soluble reactive P (SRP), and NH4-N, and decreased pH and NO3-N 0.3 km downstream from the point source. When P additions from the WWTP were low, stored SRP was released from the stream reach to maintain high water-column concentrations. Dissolved inorganic N was not retained in Columbia Hollow Most or all of the NH4-N added from the point source was converted to NO3-N, resulting in net nitrification rates of 7 to 31 g NO3-N m(-2) d(-1). The relationship between dilution-corrected concentrations and distance from the WWTP input indicated no significant nutrient retention, or that several stream kilometers were required before N and P were taken up. U-net typically was >7- to 10-fold higher and v(f-net) estimates were 10- to 100-fold lower than values reported for undisturbed streams, indicating low relative nutrient demand. Rather than acting as a nutrient sink, Columbia Hollow appeared to be acting as a short-term storage zone for P and a transformer of N. Thus, the effect of this rural WWTP on the stream was profound, distorting N and P cycling in Columbia Hollow. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Haggard, BE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, 203 Engn Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM haggard@uark.edu; ehstanley@wisc.edu; dstorm@okstate.edu OI Stanley, Emily/0000-0003-4922-8121 NR 47 TC 74 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 17 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 24 IS 1 BP 29 EP 47 DI 10.1899/0887-3593(2005)024<0029:NRIAPS>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 899MZ UT WOS:000227149900003 ER PT J AU Small, BC AF Small, BC TI Differences in growth and nutrient efficiency between and within two channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus strains SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GENOTYPE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; BODY-COMPOSITION; FEED-INTAKE; FED DIETS; PROTEIN AB A 6-wk growth study was conducted comparing fingerling (mean weight = 24.7 g) USDA103 strain channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus to Norris strain channel catfish in an effort to determine strain differences in growth and nutrient efficiency. Variability within strains also was assessed by randomly selecting four families from each strain for comparison. On average, USDA103 fish gained significantly (P < 0.05) more weight (51.2 vs. 31.7 g) and length (4.7 vs. 4.1 cm) compared to Norris strain catfish. Significantly (P < 0.05) greater feed consumption (56.6 vs 41.3 g) and feed efficiency (95.7 vs. 89.9) for USDA103 catfish were also observed. Family differences in weight and length gain and feed intake were significant (P < 0.05) among USDA103 families; whereas, only differences in feed intake and feed efficiency were significant (P < 0.05) among Norris families. Nitrogen retention was higher (P < 0.05) for the Norris strain catfish (35.6%) relative to the USDA103 strain average (31.0%). The results of this study reiterate the superior growth and feed efficiency of the USDA103 strain of channel catfish. Observed differences among USDA103 families suggest that further improvements in weight gain can be made through selective breeding; however, improvements in feed and protein efficiency may be difficult. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Small, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RI Small, Brian/I-3762-2012 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, 143 J M PARKER COLISEUM, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 36 IS 1 BP 8 EP 13 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 917AX UT WOS:000228429300002 ER PT J AU Hershberger, WK Hostuttler, MA AF Hershberger, WK Hostuttler, MA TI Variation in time to first cleavage in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss embryos: A major factor in induction of tetraploids. SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHUM SALMON; FERTILIZATION; GORBUSCHA; KETA; FISH AB This study was undertaken to analyze the sources of variation in timing of first cleavage in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss embryos in order to adjust treatment protocols to maximize tetraploid induction. The first cleavage interval (FCI), or the time from fertilization to the mid-point of the appearance of first cleavage, was determined at several temperatures for eggs from individual females from each of four different strains. Statistical analyses of the data did not reveal any significant differences among samples taken on different dates or among females within populations, but there was a significant difference shown among the populations. Further analyses revealed this difference was due to a significantly shorter FCI in one population. Data on two of the populations incubated at elevated temperatures showed a decreased FCI within the populations, but the differences between the populations remained. The results suggested that modification of the treatment protocols for induction of tetraploidy (and, perhaps, gynogenesis and androgenesis) are needed to compensate for variation noted among populations if maximum induction and minimum mortality are to be achieved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Hershberger, WK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, 143 J M PARKER COLISEUM, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 36 IS 1 BP 96 EP 102 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 917AX UT WOS:000228429300012 ER PT J AU Rolland, JB Bouchard, D Coll, J Winton, JR AF Rolland, JB Bouchard, D Coll, J Winton, JR TI Combined use of the ASK and SHK-1 cell lines to enhance the detection of infectious salmon anemia virus SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon kidney; Atlantic salmon; fish cell culture; infectious salmon anemia virus; orthomyxovirus; salmon head kidney 1 ID ATLANTIC SALMON; CHSE-214 CELLS; ISAV; KIDNEY; SALAR AB Infectious salmon anemia (ISA) is a severe disease primarily affecting commercially farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in seawater. The disease has been reported in portions of Canada, the United Kingdom, the Faroe Islands, and the United States. Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV), the causative agent of ISA, has also been isolated from several asymptomatic marine and salmonid fish species. Diagnostic assays for the detection of ISAV include virus isolation in cell culture, a reverse transcriptase-PCR, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and an indirect fluorescent antibody test. Virus isolation is considered the gold standard, and 5 salmonid cell lines are known to support growth of ISAV. In this study, the relative performance of the salmon head kidney I (SHK-1), Atlantic salmon kidney (ASK), and CHSE-214 cell lines in detecting ISAV was evaluated using samples from both experimentally and naturally infected Atlantic salmon. Interlaboratory comparisons were conducted using a quality control-quality assurance ring test. Both the ASK and SHK-1 cell lines performed well in detecting ISAV, although the SHK-1 line was more variable in its sensitivity to infection and somewhat slower in the appearance of cytopathic effect. Relative to the SHK-1 and ASK lines, the CHSE-214 cell line performed poorly. Although the ASK line appeared to represent a good alternative to the more commonly used SHK-1 line, use of a single cell line for diagnostic assays may increase the potential for false-negative results. Thus, the SHK-1 and ASK cell lines can be used in combination to provide enhanced ability to detect ISAV. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. Micro Technol Inc, Richmond, ME 04357 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lamar Fish Hlth Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Rolland, JB (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, 4700 River Rd,Unit 46, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 2 BP 151 EP 157 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 912CS UT WOS:000228055300009 PM 15825496 ER PT J AU Li, H O'Toole, D Kim, O Oaks, JL Crawford, TB AF Li, H O'Toole, D Kim, O Oaks, JL Crawford, TB TI Malignant catarrhal fever-like disease in sheep after intranasal inoculation with ovine herpesvirus-2 SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE experimental MCF disease; ovine herpesvirus-2; sheep ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; NASAL SECRETIONS; TRANSMISSION; VASCULITIS; CATTLE; BISON; PCR AB A malignant catarrhal fever (MCF)-like disease was induced experimentally in 3 sheep after aerosol inoculation with ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2). Each of 3 OvHV-2-negative sheep was nebulized with 2 ml of nasal secretions containing approximately 3.07 x 109 OvHV-2 DNA copies from a sheep experiencing an intensive viral-shedding episode. Ovine herpesvirus-2 DNA became detectable by polymerase chain reaction in the peripheral blood leukocytes of all 3 sheep within 3 days, and all 3 seroconverted between 6 and 8 days postinfection (PI). The sheep developed clinical signs, with copious mucopurulent nasal discharge and fever around 14 days PI. One of the 3 clinically affected sheep was euthanized at 18 days PI. Major lesions at necropsy were multifocal linear erosions and ulcers in mucosa of the cheeks, tongue, pharynx, and proximal esophagus and mild disseminated pneumonia. Microscopically, there was extensive moderate superficial histiocytic-lymphocytic rhinitis with epithelial dissociation and degeneration. Moderate multifocal histiocytic bronchointerstitial pneumonia was associated with loss of terminal bronchiolar epithelium. Lymphocytic vasculitis was present only in the lung. The remaining 2 sheep recovered clinically, approximately 25 days PI. The study revealed that clinical signs and lesions resembling MCF can develop when uninfected sheep are exposed to a high dose of aerosolized OvHV-2. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Wyoming State Vet Lab, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 18 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 2 BP 171 EP 175 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 912CS UT WOS:000228055300012 PM 15825499 ER PT J AU Hafner, S Flynn, TE Harmon, BG Hill, JE AF Hafner, S Flynn, TE Harmon, BG Hill, JE TI Neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis in a Holstein steer SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE bovine; ceroid; Holstein; immunohistochemistry; lipofuscin ID BATTEN-DISEASE; PATHOLOGY; DOG AB A young, partially blind Holstein steer was affected by mild cerebral atrophy. Formalin-fixed cerebral gray matter was diffusely yellow brown. Microscopically, there were eosinophilic, autofluorescent granules primarily in the cytoplasm of cerebral neurons. There was also extensive retinal atrophy with complete loss of the rod and cone layers. Ultrastructural examination of affected cerebral neurons revealed a mixture of granular osmiophilic and lamellar patterns in the cytoplasmic storage bodies. This suggests the existence of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis in the Holstein breed. C1 Russell Res Ctr, USDA, FSIS, Eastern Lab, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA, FSIS Field Operat, Madison, WI 53718 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Vet Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hafner, S (reprint author), Russell Res Ctr, USDA, FSIS, Eastern Lab, POB 6085,950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 2 BP 194 EP 197 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 912CS UT WOS:000228055300018 PM 15825505 ER PT J AU O'Toole, D Tharp, S Thomsen, BV Tan, E Payeur, JB AF O'Toole, D Tharp, S Thomsen, BV Tan, E Payeur, JB TI Fatal mycobacteriosis with hepatosplenomegaly in a young dog due to Mycobacterium avium SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE anemia; chronic disease; dogs; hepatitis; Mycobacterium avium; pathology; polymerase chain reaction ID MINIATURE SCHNAUZER; INFECTION; TUBERCULOSIS; COMPLEX; DIARRHEA; ANIMALS; HUMANS AB Cases of disseminated Mycobacterium avium infections in dogs are rare because it appears that the species is innately resistant to infection. A 2-year-old, castrated, 5 kg Shih Tzu-Poodle-cross developed anemia, abdominal pain, lethargy, and splenomegaly. Histological examination of surgically removed spleen indicated marked granulomatous splenitis with myriad intracytoplasmic acid-fast bacterial rods. Ultrastructural examination revealed the presence of 3-4-mu m-long mycobacteria in phagolysosomes of epithelioid macrophages. Tissue extract of lightly fixed spleen was positive for M. avium 16S ribosomal RNA and negative for M. tuberculosis complex IS6110 DNA by polymerase chain reaction testing. Anemia was associated with the presence of mycobacteria-infected macrophages in bone marrow. The animal's condition deteriorated, and euthanasia was performed after a clinical course of 2 months. The principal morphological findings at necropsy were severe diffuse granulomatous hepatitis, enteric lymphadenomegaly, and segmental granulomatous enteritis with intralesional mycobacteria present. Mycobacterium avium was cultured from enteric lymph nodes sampled at necropsy. The source of infection was not established but was presumed to be environmental with an enteric portal of entry. C1 WSVL, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. Tharp Vet Clin, Worland, WY 82401 USA. Natl Vet Serv Lab, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP O'Toole, D (reprint author), WSVL, 1174 Snowy Range Rd, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 2 BP 200 EP 204 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 912CS UT WOS:000228055300020 PM 15825507 ER PT J AU Tzanetakis, IE Keller, KE Martin, RR AF Tzanetakis, IE Keller, KE Martin, RR TI The use of reverse transcriptase for efficient first- and second-strand cDNA synthesis from single- and double-stranded RNA templates SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE dsRNA; RNA virus cloning; cDNA synthesis; reverse transcripiase ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; DEPENDENT DNA POLYMERASE; VIRUS; PLANT; CLONING; DSRNA; AMPLIFICATION; GENOME; PCR; EXTRACTION AB Molecular characterization of eight distinct, difficult-to-clone RNA plant viruses was accomplished after the development of a reverse transcriptase-based first- and second-strand cDNA synthesis method. Double-stranded (ds) RNA templates isolated from strawberry and blackberry and several herbaceous hosts (mint, pea and tobacco) were cloned using this method. Templates, combined with random primers, were denatured with methyl mercuric hydroxide. Reverse transcriptase was added followed by the addition of RNase H. The resulting dsDNA was then digested with restriction endonucleases to produce shorter fragments that could be cloned efficiently into a T-tailed vector after adding an A-overhang using Taq polymerase. This procedure resulted in a high number of cloned fragments and allowed insert sizes up to three kilobase-pairs. Unlike traditional cDNA construction methods, there is no need for additional enzymes/steps for second-strand synthesis, PCR amplification or prior sequence information. Synthesis and cloning of cDNA derived from dsRNA templates is much more efficient than with previously described methods. This procedure also worked well for cloning gel-purified dsRNA and with single-stranded RNA templates. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Ctr Gene Res & Biotechnol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. HCRL, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Martin, RR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM martinrr@science.oregonstate.edu RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 NR 30 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD MAR PY 2005 VL 124 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.11.006 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 895SH UT WOS:000226883100010 PM 15664053 ER PT J AU Lee, CW Suarez, DL Tumpey, TM Sung, HW Kwon, YK Lee, YJ Choi, JG Joh, SJ Kim, MC Lee, EK Park, JM Lu, XH Katz, JM Spackman, E Swayne, DE Kim, JH AF Lee, CW Suarez, DL Tumpey, TM Sung, HW Kwon, YK Lee, YJ Choi, JG Joh, SJ Kim, MC Lee, EK Park, JM Lu, XH Katz, JM Spackman, E Swayne, DE Kim, JH TI Characterization of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza A viruses isolated from South Korea SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR-BINDING PROPERTIES; HONG-KONG; HEMAGGLUTININ GENE; HUMAN INFECTION; SPECIFICITY; HUMANS; DUCKS; CHINA; H9N2; GEESE AB An unprecedented outbreak of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has been reported for poultry in eight different Asian countries, including South Korea, since December 2003. A phylogenetic analysis of the eight viral genes showed that the H5N1 poultry isolates from South Korea were of avian origin and contained the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of the A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 (Gs/Gd) lineage. The current H5N1 strains in Asia, including the Korean isolates, share a gene constellation similar to that of the Penfold Park, Hong Kong, isolates from late 2002 and contain some molecular markers that seem to have been fixed in the Gs/Gd lineage virus since 2001. However, despite genetic similarities among recent H5N1 isolates, the topology of the phylogenetic tree clearly differentiates the Korean isolates from the Vietnamese and Thai isolates which have been reported to infect humans. A representative Korean isolate was inoculated into mice, with no mortality and no virus being isolated from the brain, although high titers of virus were observed in the lungs. The same isolate, however, caused systemic infections in chickens and quail and killed all of the birds within 2 and 4 days of intranasal inoculation, respectively. This isolate also replicated in multiple organs and tissues of ducks and caused some mortality. However, lower virus titers were observed in all corresponding tissues of ducks than in chicken and quail tissues, and the histological lesions were restricted to the respiratory tract. This study characterizes the molecular and biological properties of the H5N1 HPAI viruses from South Korea and emphasizes the need for comparative analyses of the H5N1 isolates from different countries to help elucidate the risk of a human pandemic from the strains of H5N1 HPAI currently circulating in Asia. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Natl Vet Res & Quarantine Serv, Anyang, South Korea. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM dswayne@seprl.usda.gov NR 50 TC 130 Z9 147 U1 5 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 79 IS 6 BP 3692 EP 3702 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.6.3692-3702.2005 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 902OR UT WOS:000227366900046 PM 15731263 ER PT J AU Risatti, GR Borca, MV Kutish, GF Lu, Z Holinka, LG French, RA Tulman, ER Rock, DL AF Risatti, GR Borca, MV Kutish, GF Lu, Z Holinka, LG French, RA Tulman, ER Rock, DL TI The E2 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus is a virulence determinant in swine SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS; PROTEINS E-RNS; CELL-CULTURE; HEPARAN-SULFATE; MARKER VACCINES; PROTECTS SWINE; RNASE ACTIVITY; IN-VIVO; N-PRO; PESTIVIRUS AB To identify genetic determinants of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) virulence and host range, chimeras of the highly pathogenic Brescia strain and the attenuated vaccine strain CS were constructed and evaluated for viral virulence in swine. Upon initial screening, only chimeras 138.8v and 337.14v, the only chimeras containing the E2 glycoprotein of CS, were attenuated in swine despite exhibiting unaltered growth characteristics in primary porcine macrophage cell cultures. Additional viral chimeras were constructed to confirm the role of E2 in virulence. Chimeric virus 319.1v, which contained only the CS E2 glycoprotein in the Brescia background, was markedly attenuated in pigs, exhibiting significantly decreased virus replication in tonsils, a transient viremia, limited generalization of infection, and decreased virus shedding. Chimeras encoding all Brescia structural proteins in a CS genetic background remained attenuated, indicating that additional mutations outside the structural region are important for CS vaccine virus attenuation. These results demonstrate that CS E2 alone is sufficient for attenuating Brescia, indicating a significant role for the CSFV E2 glycoprotein in swine virulence. C1 USDA ARS, NAA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT USA. RP Borca, MV (reprint author), USDA ARS, NAA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM mborca@piadc.ars.usda.gov OI Borca, Manuel/0000-0002-0888-1178 NR 41 TC 71 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 79 IS 6 BP 3787 EP 3796 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.6.3787-3796.2005 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 902OR UT WOS:000227366900055 PM 15731272 ER PT J AU Murphy, SK Freking, BA Smith, TPL Leymaster, K Nolan, CM Wylie, AA Evans, HK Jirtle, RL AF Murphy, SK Freking, BA Smith, TPL Leymaster, K Nolan, CM Wylie, AA Evans, HK Jirtle, RL TI Abnormal postnatal maintenance of elevated DLK1 transcript levels in callipyge sheep SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID POLAR OVERDOMINANCE; IMPRINTING CONTROL; LOCUS; EXPRESSION; GROWTH; GENE; PROTEIN; DOMAIN; IDENTIFICATION; PHENOTYPE AB The underlying mechanism of the callipyge muscular hypertrophy phenotype in sheep (Ovis aries) is not presently understood. This phenotype, characterized by increased glycolytic type II muscle proportion and cell size accompanied by decreased adiposity, is not visibly detectable until approximately three to eight weeks after birth. The muscular hypertrophy results from a single nucleotide change located at the telomeric end of ovine Chromosome 18, in the region between the imprinted MATERNALLY EXPRESSED GENE 3 (MEG3) and DELTA, DROSOPHILA, HOMOLOGLIKE 1 (DLK1) genes. The callipyge phenotype is evident only when the mutation is paternally inherited by a heterozygous individual. We have examined the pre- and postnatal expression of MEG3 and DLK1 in sheep of all four possible genotypes in affected and unaffected muscles as well as in liver. Here we show that the callipyge phenotype correlates with abnormally high DLK1 expression during the postnatal period in the affected sheep and that this elevation is specific to the hypertrophy-responsive fast-twitch muscles. These results are the first to show anomalous gene expression that coincides with both the temporal and spatial distribution of the callipyge phenotype. They suggest that the effect of the callipyge mutation is to interfere with the normal postnatal downregulation of DLK1 expression. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Radiat Oncol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Zool, Dublin 4, Ireland. RP Jirtle, RL (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Radiat Oncol, Box 3433, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM jirtle@radonc.duke.edu RI Freking, Brad/C-6494-2008; OI Murphy, Susan/0000-0001-8298-7272 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA94668, CA25951]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES08823] NR 29 TC 35 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD MAR PY 2005 VL 16 IS 3 BP 171 EP 183 DI 10.1007/s00335-004-2421-6 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 910SF UT WOS:000227951800004 PM 15834634 ER PT J AU Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M AF Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M TI On-line classification of US Select beef carcasses for longissimus tenderness using visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; near-infrared spectroscopy; tenderness ID PREDICTION; MUSCLE; CUTS AB The current experiment was conducted to evaluate the on-line application of visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (VISNIR) to US Select carcasses during commercial beef carcass grading procedures to predict tenderness of longissimus steaks after 14 days of refrigerated storage. A regression model was calibrated using 146 carcasses and tested against an additional 146 carcasses. Carcasses were segregated into VISNIR-based tenderness classes based on whether their VISNIR-predicted slice shear force value was less than (tender) or greater than (tough) the median predicted slice shear force value. Carcasses classified as tender by VISNIR had a lower mean SSF value, were less likely to have slice shear force values greater than 245 N, had higher trained sensory panel tenderness ratings, and were less likely to have trained sensory panel tenderness ratings below slightly tender than were carcasses classified as tough (P < 0.001). This technology might be useful for identification of US Select carcasses that excel in longissimus tenderness. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Shackelford, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM shackelford@email.marc.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 17 TC 61 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 409 EP 415 DI 10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.08.011 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 889LB UT WOS:000226443400005 PM 22062978 ER PT J AU Brown-Borg, HM Rakoczy, SG Uthus, EO AF Brown-Borg, HM Rakoczy, SG Uthus, EO TI Growth hormone alters methionine and glutathione metabolism in Ames dwarf mice SO MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Congress of the International-Association-of-Biomedical-Gerontology CY SEP 19-23, 2003 CL Cambridge, ENGLAND SP Int Assoc Biomed Gerontol DE Ames dwarf mice; hormones; aging; S-adenosylmethionine; glycine-N-methyl transferase; glutathione; gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase ID GAMMA-GLUTAMYLCYSTEINE SYNTHETASE; GLYCINE N-METHYLTRANSFERASE; RAT-LIVER; LIFE-SPAN; TRANSGENIC MICE; S-TRANSFERASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; AGING-PROCESS; FACTOR-I AB Reduced signaling of the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor- 1(IGF- 1)/insulin pathway is associated with extended life span in several species. Ames dwarf mice are GH and IGF-1 deficient and live 50-64% longer than wild type littermates (males and females, respectively). Previously, we have shown that Ames mice exhibit elevated levels of antioxidative enzymes and lower oxidative damage. To further explore the relationship between GH and antioxidant expression, we administered GH or saline to dwarf mice and evaluated components of the methionine and glutathione (GSH) metabolic pathways. Treatment of dwarf mice with GH significantly suppressed methionine adenosyltransferase (40 and 38%) and glycine-N-methyltransferase (44 and 43%) activities (in 3- and 12-month-old mice, respectively). Growth hormone treatment elevated kidney gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase protein levels in 3- and 12-month-old dwarf mice. In contrast, the activity of the GSH degradation enzyme, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, was suppressed by GH administration in heart and liver. The activity of glutathione-S-transferase, an enzyme involved in detoxification, was also affected by GH treatment. Taken together, the current results along with data from previous studies support a role for growth hormone in the regulation of antioxidative defense and ultimately, life span in organisms with altered GH or IGF-1 signaling. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Dakota, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol Physiol & Therapeut, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. RP Brown-Borg, HM (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol Physiol & Therapeut, 501 N Columbia Rd, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. EM brownbrg@medicine.nodak.edu NR 66 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0047-6374 J9 MECH AGEING DEV JI Mech. Ageing Dev. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 126 IS 3 BP 389 EP 398 DI 10.1016/j.mad.2004.09.005 PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 896PD UT WOS:000226945100003 PM 15664625 ER PT J AU Carroll, JF Klun, JA Debboun, M AF Carroll, JF Klun, JA Debboun, M TI Repellency of deet and SS220 applied to skin involves olfactory sensing by two species of ticks SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amblyomma americanum; Ixodes scapularis; blacklegged tick; deet; fingertip bioassay; lone star tick; N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide; SS220,(1S, 2 ' S)-2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide ID AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; LONE STAR TICK; PERSONAL PROTECTION; PRESSURIZED SPRAYS; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; FIELD-EVALUATION; IXODIDAE; PERMETHRIN; EFFICACY; AI3-37220 AB Responses of host-seeking nymphs of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say and lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (Linnaeus) (Acari: Ixodidae) to the repellents N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) and (1S, 2'S)-2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide (SS220) were studied using fingertip laboratory bioassays. Ethanol solutions of both compounds applied to the skin strongly repelled both species of ticks at 0.8 and 1.6 mumole of compound/cm(2) skin. The ticks were also repelled when two layers of organdie cloth covered the portion of a finger treated with either deet or SS220. Gas chromatographic analyses of the outer layer of cloth that had covered skin treated with 1.6 mumole compound/cm(2) skin revealed only 0.1 nmole SS220/cm(2) cloth and 2.8 nmole deet/cm(2) cloth. However, in bioassays in which a single layer of cloth was treated with a dose of deet or SS220 equivalent to the amount found in the outer layer of cloth, ticks were not repelled. Results unequivocally demonstrated that these ticks responded to the repellents in the vapour phase when repellent treated skin was covered with cloth to obviate tactile contact with them, and made it clear that the ticks detect the repellents by olfactory sensing. Heretofore, the mode of action of deet and SS220 was unclear. C1 ARS, USDA, APDL, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab,Beltsville Agr Re, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med S, Ft McPherson, GA USA. RP Carroll, JF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, APDL, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab,Beltsville Agr Re, BARC-E,Bldg 1040, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jcarroll@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 20 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 BP 101 EP 106 DI 10.1111/j.0269-283X.2005.00559.x PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 902XN UT WOS:000227390100014 PM 15752184 ER PT J AU Jenner, LJ Seman, LJ Millar, JS Lamon-Fava, S Welty, FK Dolnikowski, GG Marcovina, SM Lichtenstein, AH Barrett, PHR deLuca, C Schaefer, EJ AF Jenner, LJ Seman, LJ Millar, JS Lamon-Fava, S Welty, FK Dolnikowski, GG Marcovina, SM Lichtenstein, AH Barrett, PHR deLuca, C Schaefer, EJ TI The metabolism of apolipoproteins (a) and B-100 within plasma lipoprotein (a) in human beings SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; LOW-DENSITY; BABOON HEPATOCYTES; LP(A) LIPOPROTEIN; PRIMARY CULTURES; STABLE-ISOTOPES; RENAL-DISEASE; CATABOLISM; CHOLESTEROL; APO(A) AB The metabolism of apolipoproteins (apo) (a) and B-100 within plasma lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] was examined in the fed state in 23 subjects aged 41 to 79 years who received a primed-constant infusion of [5,5,5(-2) H(3)] leucine over 15 hours. Lipoprotein (a) was isolated from the whole plasma using a lectin affinity-based method. Apolipoprotein (a) and apoB-100 were separated by gel electrophoresis, and tracer enrichment of each apolipoprotein was measured using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Data were fit to a multicompartmental model to determine fractional catabolic rates (FCRs) and secretion rates (SRs). The FCRs of apo(a) and apoB-100 (mean SEM) within plasma Lp(a) were significantly different (0.220 +/- 0.030 pool/d and 0.416 +/- 0.040 pool/d, respectively; P < .001). Apolipoprotein (a) SR (0.50 +/- 0.08 mg/[kg per d]) was significantly lower than that of apoB-100 SR (1.53 +/- 0.22 mg/[kg per d]; P < .001) of Lp(a). Plasma concentrations of Lp(a) were correlated significantly with both apo(a) SR and apoB-100 SR (r = 0.837 and r = 0.789, respectively; P < .001) and negatively with apo(a) FCR and Lp(a) apoB-100 FCR (r = -0.547 and r = -0.717, respectively; P < .01). These data implicate different metabolic fates for apo(a) and apoB-100 within Lp(a) in the fed state. We therefore hypothesize that apo(a) does not remain covalently linked to a single apoB-100 lipoprotein but that it rather reassociates at least once with another apoB-100 particle, probably newly synthesized, during its plasma metabolism. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Med, Philadelphia, PA 19004 USA. Tufts Univ, Mass Spectrometry Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Hunam Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Washington, NW Lipid Res Labs, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. Univ Western Australia, Sch Med & Pharmacol, Perth, WA 6847, Australia. Western Australia Inst Med Res, Perth, WA 6847, Australia. RP Schaefer, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM emst.schaefer@tufts.edu RI Barrett, Hugh/B-2745-2011; OI Barrett, Peter Hugh/0000-0003-3223-6125 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR0005]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-39326]; NIA NIH HHS [T32AG00209]; NIBIB NIH HHS [EB-001975] NR 49 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 54 IS 3 BP 361 EP 369 DI 10.1016/j.metabol.2004.10.001 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 906SN UT WOS:000227663200013 PM 15736114 ER PT J AU Coates, BS Hellmich, RL Lewis, LC AF Coates, BS Hellmich, RL Lewis, LC TI Polymorphic CA/GT and GA/CT microsatellite loci for Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE genetic marker; Lepidoptera; Ostrinia nubilalis AB Ten polymorphic dinucleotide (CA/GT and GA/CT) microsatellite loci suitable for population genetic screening were characterized from enriched partial Ostrinia nubilalis genomic libraries. Sequence from 126 enriched small insert genomic library clones identified 25 CA/GT and 58 GA/CT loci that were unique. Perfect repeats tended to be short (n = 10-12). Ten microsatellites, PCR amplified from a Crawfordsville Iowa population showed a mean of 10 alleles per locus (range six to 20), and six of 10 loci showed heterozygote deficiency. Amplification of eight loci was observed in the sister species O. furnicalis. C1 USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Interdepartmental Genet, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Coates, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM coates@iastate.edu NR 13 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD MAR PY 2005 VL 5 IS 1 BP 10 EP 12 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00806.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 905VJ UT WOS:000227598500004 ER PT J AU Pilgrim, KL McKelvey, KS Riddle, AE Schwartz, MK AF Pilgrim, KL McKelvey, KS Riddle, AE Schwartz, MK TI Felid sex identification based on noninvasive genetic samples SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE felid; hair samples; lynx; noninvasive; scat; sex identification ID BROWN BEARS AB We developed two tests for sex identification of felids using y-chromosome deletions in the zinc-finger and amelogenin regions. These tests provide positive results for both males and females, while reducing the need to co-amplify microsatellites to test for DNA quality in hair and scat samples. Furthermore, the y-chromosome deletions are absent in a wide-range of prey species; thus, when these tests are used on scat samples, potential contamination caused by prey DNA incidentally extracted, is minimized. C1 USFS, RMRS, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Univ Washington, Marine Mol Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Pilgrim, KL (reprint author), USFS, RMRS, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM kpilgrim@fs.fed.us RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 NR 7 TC 76 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD MAR PY 2005 VL 5 IS 1 BP 60 EP 61 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00831.x PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 905VJ UT WOS:000227598500020 ER PT J AU Bon, MC Hurard, C Gaskin, J Risterucci, AM AF Bon, MC Hurard, C Gaskin, J Risterucci, AM TI Polymorphic microsatellite markers in polyploid Lepidium draba L. ssp draba (Brassicaceae) and cross-species amplification in closely related taxa SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Brassicaceae; Cardaria; invasive; Lepidium; microsatellites; polyploid; weed AB Heart-podded hoary cress, Lepidium draba L. ssp. draba (Brassicaceae) is a noxious invasive weed in the USA. At present, efficient biological control of this Eurasian native weed in the USA is hampered by lack of knowledge of its population genetic structure and colonization process. Here, we describe the development of 11 polymorphic microsatellite markers that also reveal the polyploidy of this weed. Successful cross-species amplification highlights the possibility of using these markers for genetic studies in other closely related species. C1 USDA, ARS, European Biol Control Lab, F-34980 Montferrier Sur Lez, France. USDA, ARS, NPARL, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Agron Dev, UMR 1096, F-34398 Montpellier, France. RP Bon, MC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, European Biol Control Lab, Campus Int Baillarguet, F-34980 Montferrier Sur Lez, France. EM mcbon@ars-ebcl.org NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD MAR PY 2005 VL 5 IS 1 BP 68 EP 70 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00833.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 905VJ UT WOS:000227598500023 ER PT J AU Pruett, CL Saillant, E Renshaw, MA Patton, JC Rexroad, CE Gold, JR AF Pruett, CL Saillant, E Renshaw, MA Patton, JC Rexroad, CE Gold, JR TI Microsatellite DNA markers for population genetic studies and parentage assignment in cobia, Rachycentron canadum SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE cobia; genomic library; microsatellites; polymerase chain reaction primers; Rachycentron canadum AB Twenty nuclear-encoded microsatellites from a genomic DNA library of cobia, Rachycentron canadum, were isolated and characterized. The microsatellites include two tetranucleotide, one trinucleotide, three combination tetranucleotide/dinucleotide, nine dinucleotide, and five imperfect (dinucleotide) repeat motifs. Gene diversity ranged between zero to 0.910; the number of alleles among a sample of 24 fish ranged from one to 15. Cobia support an important recreational fishery in the southeastern United States and recently have become of interest to aquaculture. The microsatellites developed will be useful tools for studying both population genetics (e.g. stock structure, effective population size) and inheritance of traits important to aquaculture. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Ctr Biosystemat & Biodivers, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cold & Cool Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Gold, JR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Ctr Biosystemat & Biodivers, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM goldfish@tamu.edu NR 7 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD MAR PY 2005 VL 5 IS 1 BP 84 EP 86 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00840.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 905VJ UT WOS:000227598500028 ER PT J AU Kim, KS Sappington, TW AF Kim, KS Sappington, TW TI Polymorphic microsatellite loci from the western corn rootworm (Insecta : Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) and cross-amplification with other Diabrotica spp SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica virgifera; microsatellites; molecular markers; population genetics; western corn rootworm AB Corn rootworms (Diabrotica spp.) make up the major insect pest complex of corn in the US and Europe, and there is a need for molecular markers for genetics studies. We used an enrichment strategy to develop microsatellite markers from the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera). Of 54 loci isolated, 25 were polymorphic, and of these, 17 were surveyed for variability in 59 wild individuals. In addition, the potential for cross-amplification of these microsatellites was surveyed for Mexican, northern, and southern corn rootworms. Nine microsatellite loci showed Mendelian inheritance and are likely to be useful in population genetics studies. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Genet Lab, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sappington, TW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Genet Lab, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tsapping@iastate.edu NR 5 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD MAR PY 2005 VL 5 IS 1 BP 115 EP 117 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.0085.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 905VJ UT WOS:000227598500038 ER PT J AU Stauber, AJ Brown-Borg, H Liu, J Waalkes, MP Laughter, A Staben, RA Coley, JC Swanson, C Voss, KA Kopchick, JJ Corton, JC AF Stauber, AJ Brown-Borg, H Liu, J Waalkes, MP Laughter, A Staben, RA Coley, JC Swanson, C Voss, KA Kopchick, JJ Corton, JC TI Constitutive expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-regulated genes in dwarf mice SO MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-HORMONE; PPAR-ALPHA; RAT-LIVER; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY; IN-VIVO; TARGETED DISRUPTION; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; DOWN-REGULATION; BETA-OXIDATION; CROSS-TALK AB Defects in growth hormone secretion or signaling in mice are associated with decreased body weights (dwarfism), increased longevity, increased resistance to stress, and decreases in factors that contribute to cardiovascular disease and cancer. Peroxisome proliferators (PP) alter a subset of these changes in wild-type mice through activation of the nuclear receptor family member PP-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). We tested the hypothesis that an overlap in the transcriptional programs between untreated dwarf mice and PP-treated wild-type mice underlies these similarities. Using transcript profiling, we observed a statistically significant overlap in the expression of genes differentially regulated in control Snell dwarf mice (Pit-1(dw)) compared with phenotypically normal heterozygote (+/-dw) control mice and those altered by the PP 4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinyl) thioacetic acid (WY-14,643) in +/-dw mice. The genes included those involved in beta- and omega-oxidation of fatty acids (Acox1, Cyp4a10, Cyp4a14) and those involved in stress responses ( the chaperonin, T-complex protein1epsilon) and cardiovascular disease (fibrinogen). The levels of some of these gene products were also altered in other dwarf mouse models, including Ames, Little, and growth hormone receptor-null mice. The constitutive increases in PPARalpha-regulated genes may be partly caused by increased expression of PPARalpha mRNA and protein as observed in the livers of control Snell dwarf mice. These results indicate that some of the beneficial effects associated with the dwarf phenotype may be caused by constitutive activation of PPARalpha and regulated genes. C1 CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ N Dakota, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol Physiol & Therapeut, Grand Forks, ND USA. NCI, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. Ohio Univ, Biotechnol Inst, Coll Osteopath Med & Edison, Dept Biomed Sci, Athens, OH USA. ToxicoGenom, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Corton, JC (reprint author), Eli Lilly Co, Greenfield, IN 46140 USA. EM ccorton@msn.com NR 40 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0026-895X J9 MOL PHARMACOL JI Mol. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 67 IS 3 BP 681 EP 694 DI 10.1124/mol.104.007278 PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 898JA UT WOS:000227071900014 PM 15576629 ER PT J AU Leonard, KJ Szabo, LJ AF Leonard, KJ Szabo, LJ TI Stem rust of small grains and grasses caused by Puccinia graminis SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID F-SP-TRITICI; ISOGENIC WHEAT LINES; ULTRASTRUCTURAL PACHYTENE KARYOTYPE; DISEASE-RESISTANCE GENE; FUNGUS UROMYCES-FABAE; NUCLEAR-DNA CONTENT; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; AVIRULENCE GENES; MELAMPSORA-LINI; MOTHER CELLS AB Stem rust has been a serious disease of wheat, barley, oat and rye, as well as various important grasses including timothy, tall fescue and perennial ryegrass. The stem rust fungus, Puccinia graminis, is functionally an obligate biotroph. Although the fungus can be cultured with difficulty on artificial media, cultures grow slowly and upon subculturing they develop abnormal ploidy levels and lose their ability to infect host plants [Bushnell and Bosacker (11982) Can. J. Bot 60, 1827-1836]. P. graminis is a typical heteroecious rust fungus with the full complement of five distinct spore stages that occur during asexual reproduction on its gramineous hosts and sexual reproduction that begins in the resting spore stage and culminates on the alternate host, barberry (Berberis spp.). There appears to be little polymorphism for resistance/susceptibility in Berberis species, but complex polymorphisms of resistance/susceptibility and matching virulence/avirulence exist in gene-for-gene relationships between small grain species and the forms of P. graminis that infect them. Taxonomy: Puccinia graminis is a rust fungus in the phylum Basidiomycota, class Urediniomycetes, order Uredinales, and family Pucciniaceae, which contains 17 genera and approximately 4121 species, of which the majority are in the genus Puccinia [Kirk et al. (2001) Ainsworth and Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi. Wallingford, UK: CAB International]. Various subdivisions of A graminis into subspecies, varieties and formae speciales have been proposed based on spore size and host range. Crossing studies and DNA sequence comparisons support the separation of at least two subspecies, but not the proposed separation based on spore size. Host range: The host range of P. graminis is very broad compared with that of most Puccinia spp.; it includes at least 365 species of cereals and grasses in 54 genera [Anikster (1984) The Cereal Rusts. Orlando, FL: Academic Press, pp. 115-130]. Wheat stem rust, P. graminis f. sp. tritici, was shown to infect 74 species in 34 genera in artificial inoculations of seedlings, but only 28 of those species belonging to eight genera were known to be natura I hosts of the fungus. Other formae speciales of P. graminis have narrower host ranges than P. graminis f. sp. tritici. Disease symptoms: Infections in cereals or grasses occur mainly on stems and leaf sheaths, but occasionally they may be found on leaf blades and glumes as well. The first macroscopic symptom is usually a small chlorotic fleck, which appears a few days after infection. About 8-10 days after infection, a pustule several millimetres long and a few millimetres wide is formed by rupture of the host epidermis from pressure of a mass of brick-red urediniospores produced in the infection. These uredinial pustules are generally linear or diamond shaped and may enlarge up to 10 mm long. The powdery masses of urediniospores appear similar to rust spots on a weathered iron surface. With age, the infection ceases production of brick-red urediniospores and produces a layer of black teliospores in their place, causing the stems of heavily infected plants to appear blackened late in the season. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Leonard, KJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM kurtl@umn.edu NR 83 TC 97 Z9 101 U1 4 U2 46 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 6 IS 2 BP 99 EP 111 DI 10.1111/J.1364.3703.2004.00273.X PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 918AJ UT WOS:000228510200001 PM 20565642 ER PT J AU Wang, XH Mitchum, MG Gao, BL Li, CY Diab, H Baum, TJ Hussey, RS Davis, EL AF Wang, XH Mitchum, MG Gao, BL Li, CY Diab, H Baum, TJ Hussey, RS Davis, EL TI A parasitism gene from a plant-parasitic nematode with function similar to CLAVATA3/ESR (CLE) of Arabidopsis thaliana SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESOPHAGEAL GLAND-CELLS; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; ORGAN DEVELOPMENT; SHOOT MERISTEM; CLV3; EXPRESSION; REGULATOR; WUSCHEL; FATE; LOOP AB The Hg-SYV46 parasitism gene is expressed exclusively in the dorsal oesophageal gland cell of parasitic stages of the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, and it encodes a secretory protein that contains a C-terminal motif of the CLAVATA3/ESR-related (CLE) family in Arabidopsis thaliana. in shoot and floral meristems of Arabidopsis, the stem cells secret CLV3, a founding member of the CLE protein family, that activates the CLV1/CLV2 receptor complex and negatively regulates WUSCHEL expression to restrict the size of the stem cell population. Mis-expression of Hg-SYV46 in Arabidopsis (ecotype Columbia-0) under control of the CaMV35S promoter resulted in a wus-like phenotype including premature termination of the shoot apical meristem and the development of flowers lacking the central gynoecium. The wus-like phenotype observed was similar to reports of over-expression of CLV3 and CLE40 in Arabidopsis, as was down-regulation of WUS expression in the shoot apices of 355::Hg-SYV46/Col-0 plants. Expression of 35S::Hg-SYV46 in a clv3-1 mutant of Arabidopsis was able partially or fully to rescue the mutant phenotype, probably dependent upon localization and level of transgene expression. A short root phenotype, as reported for overexpression of CLV3, CLE40 and CLE19 in roots, was also produced in primary 35S::Hg-SYV46/Col-0 transgenic plants. The results suggest a functional similarity of HG-SYV46 to plant-secreted CLE ligands that may play a role in the differentiation or division of feeding cells induced in plant roots by parasitic nematodes. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Davis, EL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM eric_davis@ncsu.edu NR 29 TC 122 Z9 133 U1 2 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 6 IS 2 BP 187 EP 191 DI 10.1111/J.1364-3703.2005.00270.X PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 918AJ UT WOS:000228510200008 PM 20565649 ER PT J AU Shim, WB Dunkle, LD AF Shim, WB Dunkle, LD TI Malazy, a degenerate, species-specific transposable element in Cercospora zeae-maydis SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE genetic variability; gray leaf spot of maize; gypsy; retrotransposon ID GRAY LEAF-SPOT; RICE BLAST FUNGUS; MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; GENOME; DNA; RETROTRANSPOSON; DISEASE; MAIZE; MAGGY AB Two fungal pathogens, Cercospora zeaemaydis Groups I and II, cause gray leaf spot of maize. During the sequencing of a cosmid library from C zeae-maydis Group I, we discovered a sequence with high similarity to Maggy, a transposable element from Magnaporthe grisea. The element from C. zeaemaydis, named Malazy, contained 194-base-pair terminal repeats and sequences with high similarity to reverse transcriptase and integrase, components of the POL gene in the gypsy-like retrotransposons in fungi. Sequences with similarity to other POL gene components, protease and ribonuclease, were not detected in Malazy. A single copy of the element was detected by PCR and Southern analyses in all six North American isolates of C. zeae-maydis Group I but was not detected in the four isolates of C. zeaemaydis Group II from three continents or in phylogenetically related species. Fragments of the core domains of reverse transcriptase and integrase contained a high frequency of stop codons that were conserved in all six isolates of Group I. Additional C:G to T:A transitions in occasional isolates usually were silent mutations, while two resulted in isolate-specific stop codons. The absence of Malazy from related species suggests that it was acquired after the divergence of C. zeae-maydis Groups I and II. The high frequency of stop codons and the presence of a single copy of the element suggest that it was inactivated soon after it was acquired. Because the element is inactive and because reading frames for other genes were not found in sequences flanking the element, Malazy does not appear to be the cause of differences leading to speciation or genetic diversity between C. zeaemaydis Groups I and II. C1 Purdue Univ, Crop Pord & Pest Control Res, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Program Biol Filamentous Fungi, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Dunkle, LD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Crop Pord & Pest Control Res, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM dunkle@purdue.edu NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 97 IS 2 BP 349 EP 355 DI 10.3852/mycologia.97.2.349 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 943EZ UT WOS:000230336600008 PM 16396343 ER PT J AU Meyer, SLF Carta, LK Rehner, SA AF Meyer, SLF Carta, LK Rehner, SA TI Morphological variability and molecular phylogeny of the nematophagous fungus Monacrosporium drechsleri SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Arthrobotrys; Caenorhabditis elegans; Dactylella; Dactylellina; Gamsylella; Heterodera glycines; Meloidogyne incognita; Monacrosporium; Monacrosporium ellipsosporum; Monacrosporium lysipagum; Monacrosporium parvicolle; nematode; nematophagous fungus; Panagrellus redivivus; Pratylenchus zeae ID NEMATODE-TRAPPING FUNGI; RDNA SEQUENCES; ELLIPSOSPORUM; CIONOPAGUM AB An isolate of the nematode-trapping fungus Monacrosparium drechsleri was collected from cultures of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne arenaria that had been maintained on tomato roots in greenhouse pots in Beltsville, Maryland. The plant-parasitic nematodes Heterodera glycines, Meloidogyne incognita and Pratylenchus zeae and the free-living nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and Panagrellus redivivus were placed on colonies of M. drechsleri grown in Petri dishes to study ability of the isolate to trap various nematode hosts. None of the nematodes placed near adhesive knobs were motile within 1 d. To determine where M. drechsleri fits within the existing phylogeny of nematode-trapping fungi, the ITS1-ITS2 regions of rDNA and the nuclear gene EF1-alpha were sequenced for the new isolate of M. drechsleri, for the species M. parvicolle and M. lysipagum, and for an isolate of M. ellipsosporum distinct from the one listed in GenBank. Parsimony trees were constructed showing the closest molecular relative of M. drechsleri to be the newly sequenced isolate of M. ellipsosporum; the latter had a highly divergent sequence from the sequence recorded in GenBank for a different isolate of M. ellipsosporum. Unique, consistent and discrete morphological characters are absent in these related taxa, so an independent molecular character should be considered essential for their accurate identification. C1 USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Meyer, SLF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, BARC W, Bldg 011A,Room 165B,1-300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM meyerf@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 97 IS 2 BP 405 EP 415 DI 10.3852/mycologia.97.2.405 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 943EZ UT WOS:000230336600013 PM 16396348 ER PT J AU Cary, JW Klich, MA Beltz, SB AF Cary, JW Klich, MA Beltz, SB TI Characterization of aflatoxin-producing fungi outside of Aspergillus section Flavi SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE aflR Aspergillus astellatus; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus ochraceoroseus; Aspergillus parasiticus; beta tubulin; Emericella astellata; Emericella nidulans; stcE ID GENE-CLUSTER; STERIGMATOCYSTIN; EMERICELLA AB Most aspergilli that produce aflatoxin are members of Aspergillus section Flavi, however isolates of several Aspergillus species not closely related to section Flavi also have been found to produce aflatoxin. Two of the species, Aspergillus ochraceoroseus and an undescribed Aspergillus species SRRC 1468, are morphologically similar to members of Aspergillus section Circumdati. The other species have Emericella teleomorphs (Em. astellata and an undescribed Emericella species SRRC 2520) and are morphologically distinctive in having ascospores with large flanges. All these aflatoxin-producing isolates were from tropical zones near oceans, and none of them grew on artificial media at 37 C. Aflatoxins and sterigmatocystin production were quantified by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and confirmed by HPLC-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) detection. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted on these four species using A. parasiticus and Em. nidulans, (which produce aflatoxin and the aflatoxin precursor sterigmatocystin, respectively) for comparison. Two aflatoxin/sterigmatocystin biosynthesis genes and the beta tubulin gene were used in the analyses. Results showed that of the new aflatoxin-producers, Aspergillus SRRC 1468 forms a strongly supported clade with A. ochraceoroseus as does Emericella SRRC 2520 with Em. astellata SRRC 503 and 512. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cary, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM jcary@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 9 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 97 IS 2 BP 425 EP 432 DI 10.3852/mycologia.97.2.425 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 943EZ UT WOS:000230336600015 PM 16396350 ER PT J AU Chaverri, P Samuels, GJ Hodge, KT AF Chaverri, P Samuels, GJ Hodge, KT TI The genus Podocrella and its nematode-kiffing anamorph Harposporium SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE anamorph-teleomorph connection; Ascomycota; Clavicipitaceae; Hirsutella; Hypocreales; large subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA; molecular phylogenetics; synanamorphs; systematics ID PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; FUNGI AB Several genera are described in the literature as having morphology similar to the clavicipitaceous genus Podocrella, viz. Atricordyceps, Ophiocordyceps, Wakefieldiomyces and "Cordyceps" peltata. These genera have capitate-stipitate stromata that gradually expand into a horizontally flattened fertile head that is dark, has strongly protruding perithecia and asci containing eight multiseptate filiform ascospores. These ascospores disarticulate at the middle septum to form two lanceolate multiseptate part-ascospores. In this study several specimens of the above-mentioned genera, including the types, were examined to determine whether they are congeneric with Podocrella. This study also reveals the connection of Podocrella to its anamorph genus, Harposporium, and its relationship to several other clavicipitaceous genera, based on cultural data and large subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (LSU) sequences. Nematode predation of the Harposporium anamorph of P peltata is demonstrated. The results show Podocrella and selected Harposporium LSU sequences form a monophyletic group and that this clade is closely related to Aschersonia. A new species of Podocrella from Costa Rica, P fusca, is described, new combinations made for P peltata and P harposporifera, and a key to the known species is presented. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Chaverri, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Room 304,B-011A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pc234@cornell.edu OI Chaverri, Priscila/0000-0002-8486-6033 NR 26 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 97 IS 2 BP 433 EP 443 DI 10.3852/mycologia.97.2.433 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 943EZ UT WOS:000230336600016 PM 16396351 ER PT J AU Anikster, Y Eilam, T Bushnell, WR Kosman, E AF Anikster, Y Eilam, T Bushnell, WR Kosman, E TI Spore dimensions of Puccinia species of cereal hosts as determined by image analysis SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE aeciospore; basidiospore; coronata; graminis; hordei; pycniospore; recondita; striformis; teliospore; triticina; urediniospore ID MARXIANUS NRRLY2415; RUST FUNGI; LEAF RUST; MORPHOLOGY; MICROORGANISMS; BASIDIOSPORES; GERMINATION AB Digital image analysis was used to measure dimensions of spores produced by Puccinia coronata, P graminis, P hordei, P recondita, P striiformis and P triticina. Included were teliospores, basidiospores, urediniospores and, except for P striiformis, pycniospores and aeciospores. Length, width and projection area of spores were measured with NIH Image or Scion software. By using limits on size, spores were automatically selected and measured, except for teliospores, which required manual elimination of the pedicel and separation of images of adhering spores. Length and width were determined as the major and minor axes of the best fitting ellipse for each spore. This procedure gave values for length and width close to results obtained with an ocular micrometer. Projection area was determined as the number of pixels within spore boundaries multiplied by the area represented by each pixel, giving values that are not feasible to obtain accurately with an ocular micrometer. Of the species studied, spores of P recondita had the largest dimensions, P triticina had the smallest. The rank of the six species based on increasing width, length or projection area was almost the same, using each spore type except pycniospores. Generally, differences of 5% in a given spore dimension between two species were significant. Differences between species were greater with basidiospores and aeciospores than with other spore types. Teliospores were unique in that length and width were negatively correlated, resulting in less variation in area than in length or width. The results indicate that image analysis is useful for measuring spore dimensions' that projection area of spores is a useful added parameter for characterizing rust species and that dimensions of teliospores, basidiospores, aeciospores and urediniospores each are potentially useful for differentiating species. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Bot, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, Inst Cereal Crops Improvement, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Bushnell, WR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, 1551 Lindig St, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM billb@umn.edu NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 97 IS 2 BP 474 EP 484 DI 10.3852/mycologia.97.2.474 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 943EZ UT WOS:000230336600020 PM 16396355 ER PT J AU Fujimura, KF Smith, JE Horton, TR Weber, NS Spatafora, JW AF Fujimura, KF Smith, JE Horton, TR Weber, NS Spatafora, JW TI Pezizalean mycorrhizas and sporocarps in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) after prescribed fires in eastern Oregon, USA SO MYCORRHIZA LA English DT Article DE ectendomycorrhizas; Pezizales; nrDNA; prescribed burn; Ponderosa pine ID POSTFIRE ASCOMYCETES PEZIZALES; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; RIBOSOMAL DNA; PICEA-ABIES; IDENTIFICATION; TRICHARINA; MURICATA; ECOLOGY; FOREST AB Post-fire Pezizales fruit commonly in many forest types after fire. The objectives of this study were to determine which Pezizales appeared as sporocarps after a prescribed fire in the Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon, and whether species of Pezizales formed mycorrhizas on ponderosa pine, whether or not they were detected from sporocarps. Forty-two sporocarp collections in five genera (Anthracobia, Morchella, Peziza, Scutellinia, Tricharina) of post-fire Pezizales produced ten restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) types. We found no root tips colonized by species of post-fire Pezizales fruiting at our site. However, 15% (6/39) of the RFLP types obtained from mycorrhizal roots within 32 soil cores were ascomycetes. Phylogenetic analyses of the 18S nuclear ribosomal DNA gene indicated that four of the six RFLP types clustered with two genera of the Pezizales, Wilcoxina and Geopora. Subsequent analyses indicated that two of these mycobionts were probably Wilcoxina rehmii, one Geopora cooperi, and one Geopora sp. The identities of two types were not successfully determined with PCR-based methods. Results contribute knowledge about the above- and below-ground ascomycete community in a ponderosa pine forest after a low intensity fire. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Smith, JE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jsmith01@fs.fed.us OI Horton, Tom/0000-0002-2112-9618 NR 48 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0940-6360 J9 MYCORRHIZA JI Mycorrhiza PD MAR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1007/s00572-004-0303-8 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 905FK UT WOS:000227553300002 PM 15316884 ER PT J AU Baumgartner, K Smith, RF Bettiga, L AF Baumgartner, K Smith, RF Bettiga, L TI Weed control and cover crop management affect mycorrhizal colonization of grapevine roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spore populations in a California vineyard SO MYCORRHIZA LA English DT Article DE arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; cover crops; herbicides; Vitis vinifera; weeds ID SOIL DISTURBANCE; GROWTH; HERBICIDES; MAIZE; YIELD; CORN; INFECTION; RESPOND AB Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi naturally colonize grapevines in California vineyards. Weed control and cover cropping may affect AM fungi directly, through destruction of extraradical hyphae by soil disruption, or indirectly, through effects on populations of mycorrhizal weeds and cover crops. We examined the effects of weed control (cultivation, post-emergence herbicides, pre-emergence herbicides) and cover crops (Secale cereale cv. Merced rye, Triticosecale cv.Trios 102) on AM fungi in a Central Coast vineyard. Seasonal changes in grapevine mycorrhizal colonization differed among weed control treatments, but did not correspond with seasonal changes in total weed frequency. Differences in grapevine colonization among weed control treatments may be due to differences in mycorrhizal status and/or AM fungal species composition among dominant weed species. Cover crops had no effect on grapevine mycorrhizal colonization, despite higher spring spore populations in cover cropped middles compared to bare middles. Cover crops were mycorrhizal and shared four AM fungal species (Glomus aggregatum, G. etunicatum, G. mosseae, G. scintillans) in common with grapevines. Lack of contact between grapevine roots and cover crop roots may have prevented grapevines from accessing higher spore populations in the middles. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Monterey, CA 93930 USA. RP Baumgartner, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kbaumgartner@ucdavis.edu NR 28 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0940-6360 J9 MYCORRHIZA JI Mycorrhiza PD MAR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.1007/s00572-004-0309-2 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 905FK UT WOS:000227553300006 PM 15133724 ER PT J AU Leal, WS Parra-Pedrazzoli, AL Kaissling, KE Morgan, TI Zalom, FG Pesak, DJ Dundulis, EA Burks, CS Higbee, BS AF Leal, WS Parra-Pedrazzoli, AL Kaissling, KE Morgan, TI Zalom, FG Pesak, DJ Dundulis, EA Burks, CS Higbee, BS TI Unusual pheromone chemistry in the navel orangeworm: novel sex attractants and a behavioral antagonist SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Article ID AMYELOIS-TRANSITELLA LEPIDOPTERA; STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS; PYRALIDAE; DISRUPTION; HYDROCARBONS; HALIDES; ALKYNES; VINYL AB Using molecular- and sensory physiology-based approaches, three novel natural products, a simple ester, and a behavioral antagonist have been identified from the pheromone gland of the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella Walker ( Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). In addition to the previously identified ( Z, Z)-11,13-hexadecadienal, the pheromone blend is composed of ( Z, Z, Z, Z, Z)- 3,6,9,12,15-tricosapentaene, ( Z, Z, Z, Z, Z)- 3,6, 9,12,15- pentacosapentaene, ethyl palmitate, ethyl-( Z, Z)-11,13- hexadecadienoate, and ( Z, Z)-11,13-hexadecadien-1-yl acetate. The C-23 and C-25 pentaenes are not only novel sex pheromones, but also new natural products. In field tests, catches of A. transitella males in traps baited with the full mixture of pheromones were as high as those in traps with virgin females, whereas control and traps baited only with the previously known constituent did not capture any moths at all. The navel orangeworm sex pheromone is also an attractant for the meal moth, Pyralis farinalis L. (Pyralidae), but (Z, Z)-11,13-hexadecadien-1-yl acetate is a behavioral antagonist. The new pheromone blend may be highly effective in mating disruption and monitoring programs. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Bedoukian Res Inc, Danbury, CT 06810 USA. USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Paramount Farming Co, Bakersfield, CA 93308 USA. Max Planck Inst Verhaltensphysiol Ornithol, D-82319 Starnberg, Germany. RP Leal, WS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM wsleal@ucdavis.edu OI Burks, Charles/0000-0003-0242-8644; Leal, Walter/0000-0002-6800-1240 NR 25 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0028-1042 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD MAR PY 2005 VL 92 IS 3 BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.1007/s00114-004-0598-5 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 907ST UT WOS:000227739000006 PM 15668783 ER PT J AU Bolstad, P Jenks, A Berkin, J Horne, K Reading, WH AF Bolstad, P Jenks, A Berkin, J Horne, K Reading, WH TI A comparison of autonomous, WAAS, real-time, and post-processed global positioning systems (GPS) accuracies in northern forests SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE clear sky; subcanopy; receiver ID POINT ACCURACY; SELECTIVE AVAILABILITY; CANOPY AB We report on accuracy comparisons among a range of global positioning system (GPS) receivers and configurations when collecting data in the open and below northern forest canopies. We compared recreational receivers in Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) mode, and expensive receivers optimized for spatial data collection (GIS receivers) in autonomous, WAAS, real-time differential, and post-processed differential modes. Data were collected over accurately surveyed open and subcanopy locations. Individual position fixes were logged for varying time periods, and corrected using appropriate methods. Euclidian distance errors were calculated, and analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's tests, and linear regression were used to identify significant factors and differences. There were significant differences linear regression were used to identify significant differences in the mean positional error due to receiver type under forest canopies, but no statistically significant differences under open locations. There was no difference between differentially corrected and uncorrected data when using the GIS receivers. Recreational receiver accuracies were much less consistent than GIS receivers, with higher frequencies of large errors. Subcanopy tests indicate WAAS signals were available between 8 (moving) and 23 (stationary) % of the time for the recreational receivers, and between 22 (moving) and 33 (stationary) % of the time when using GIS receivers. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Bolstad, P (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM pbolstad@umn.edu NR 14 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1 BP 5 EP 11 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 906EB UT WOS:000227622200001 ER PT J AU Geyer, WA Lynch, KD Row, J Schaeffer, P Bagley, W AF Geyer, WA Lynch, KD Row, J Schaeffer, P Bagley, W TI Performance of green ash seed sources at four locations in the great plains region SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE green ash; Fraxinus pennsylvania; provenance; Great Plains States AB Green ash trees from 10 seed sources were planted in a test in 1961 in four states of the Great Plains Region. After more than 20 years, height growth indicates a strong interaction between seed source and plantation location. Larger trees were from southerly,, sources within about three degrees of latitude of the plantation site. Beyond those limits, cold injury may result. Height and dbh age-age correlations were highly significant at 8 and 20+ years. Height and dbh correlated negatively, with a decrease in latitude. C1 Kansas State Univ, Div Forestry, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Plant Mat Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Hort & Forestry, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Geyer, WA (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Forestry, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM wgeyer@oznet.ksu.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1 BP 54 EP 58 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 906EB UT WOS:000227622200008 ER PT J AU Leak, WB AF Leak, WB TI Effects of small patch cutting on sugar maple regeneration in New Hampshire northern hardwoods SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Northern hardwoods; patch cutting; sugar maple ID AMERICAN BEECH; FOREST AB In many northern hardwood stands in New Hampshire and New England, partial cutting or single-tree selection results in understories with a high proportion of beech and other species with low timber values. Patch cutting, using small openings of about 1/4-ac in size or larger coupled with sufficient logging disturbance, has proved to be an effective way to replace understories of beech and other less valuable species with a new stand containing a high proportion of yellow and paper birch in mixture with other deciduous species. Unless present as well-developed advanced regeneration, sugar maple is seldom common in the new stands produced by small patch cutting. However, when these early successional stands reach 40-50 years of age, understories dominated by sugar maple and with lesser proportions of beech frequently develop, possibly due to the rich leaf-fall, lower proportions of beech litter, and/or changed light conditions. Although small patch cutting may not immediately regenerate abundant sugar maple, it appears as though this technique may help over time to maintain sugar maple as a significant component of northern hardwood forests. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Leak, WB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM bleak@fs.fed.us NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1 BP 68 EP 70 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 906EB UT WOS:000227622200010 ER PT J AU Gaines, WL Lyons, AL Sprague, A AF Gaines, WL Lyons, AL Sprague, A TI Predicting the occurrence of a rare mollusk in the dry forests of north-central Washington SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB We used information from all of the sites in which Chelan Mountainsnail is known to occur (N=79) to characterize their macro-habitat, distribution, and to develop predictive maps of their likely occurrence. Chelan Mountainsnails were most often located in areas that had > 10% tree canopy closure, < 1000m in elevation, and on slopes < 30 degrees. They were not found on true south-facing slopes and occurred most often in Douglas-fir series forests. This provides the best characterization of their habitat currently available. Our predictive maps showed that 18% of the study area had a high relative probability of Chelan Mountainsnail occurrence, 35% moderate, and 47% low to very low. These results can be used to prioritize areas for surveys and identify locations on the landscape where managers would need to carefully evaluate the effects of management activities on the Chelan Mountainsnail. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Okanogan & Wenatchee Natl Forests, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Gaines, WL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Okanogan & Wenatchee Natl Forests, 215 Melody Lane, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 79 IS 2-3 BP 99 EP 105 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 995PE UT WOS:000234115500002 ER PT J AU McComb, BC Bilsland, D Steiner, JJ AF McComb, BC Bilsland, D Steiner, JJ TI Associations of winter birds with riparian condition in the lower Calapooia watershed, Oregon SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IOWA ROWCROP FIELDS; SPECIES RICHNESS; COAST RANGE; AVIAN USE; ABUNDANCE; HABITAT; COMMUNITIES; LANDSCAPE AB We examined the association between winter bird community composition and three riparian vegetation types common in the central Willamette River basin: grass-riparian, shrub-riparian, and forest-riparian. There were 20 times more birds detected and 3 times as many species detected in forest-riparian sites than in gass-riparian sites. There were over three times as many species observed in forest-riparian sites as grass-riparian sites. Not all species were associated with trees or shrubs. and not all that were associated with trees or shrubs were riparian dependent. A significant curvilinear relationship was detected between tree cover and winter bird species richness. Based on this relationship we hypothesize that providing 10-15% of a square km in tree cover would maximize winter bird richness within the range of conditions that we sampled. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP McComb, BC (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM bmccomb@forwild.umass.edu NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 79 IS 2-3 BP 164 EP 171 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 995PE UT WOS:000234115500008 ER PT J AU Devine, WD Harrington, CA AF Devine, WD Harrington, CA TI Root system morphology of Oregon white oak on a glacial outwash soil SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR; TREE ROOTS; WASHINGTON; ROCK; BIOMASS AB Oregon white oak is reportedly a deeply rooted species, but its rooting habit on coarse-textured soils is undocumented. In the Puget Trough of western Washington, Oregon white oak grows in coarse-textured glacial outwash soils on lowland sites. Our objective was to quantify the gross root system morphology of Oregon white oak in these soils, thereby improving our understanding of its belowground resource acquisition on these sites. Study trees were located on a Spanaway gravelly sandy loam soil near Olympia, Washington. Root systems of 27 oak trees (age 3-95 yr) were excavated and measured. Root systems of seedlings and small trees had prominent taproots, but root systems of larger trees were structurally dominated by shallow lateral roots. Vertical penetration of roots, including the taproot, was restricted by gravelly and cobbly layers within the C horizon, which began at a depth of about 70 cm. Although most roots were located in the finer-textured A horizon, some small roots penetrated to depths greater than 150 cm, where soils remain moist in summer. The predominance of shallow roots suggests that management of understory vegetation or overstory conifers, which both have a similar rooting zone, will likely influence growth and survival of oak. Activities, such as vehicular traffic, that significantly disturb surface soils may adversely affect oak trees. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Devine, WD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM wdevine@fs.fed.us RI Harrington, Constance/G-6161-2012 NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 79 IS 2-3 BP 179 EP 188 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 995PE UT WOS:000234115500010 ER PT J AU Squires, JR Oakleaf, R AF Squires, JR Oakleaf, R TI Movements of a male Canada lynx crossing the greater Yellowstone area, including highways SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB From 1999-2001, a male Canada lynx engaged in yearly exploratory movements across the greater Yellowstone area including the Teton Wilderness Area and Yellowstone National Park. For three consecutive summers. the lynx traversed a similar path in a northwesterly direction from the animal's home range in the Wyoming Range near Big Piney, Wyoming, to as far as the Henry's Lake Mountains, west of West Yellowstone, Montana. The longest travel distance was a minimum of 728 km during the summer of 2001. The male crossed several two-lane highways during his movements, including one highway that was crossed at least four times using the same general corridor between the Wyoming and Wind River Mountain Ranges. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Lander, WY 82520 USA. RP Squires, JR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Box 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM jsquires@fs.fed.us NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 79 IS 2-3 BP 196 EP 201 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 995PE UT WOS:000234115500012 ER PT J AU Demory-Luce, DK Morales, M Nicklas, T AF Demory-Luce, DK Morales, M Nicklas, T TI Acculturation, weight status, and eating habits among Chinese-American preschool children and their primary caregivers: a pilot study SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE child nutrition; Chinese Americans; weight status; BMI ID BODY-MASS INDEX; 24-HOUR DIETARY RECALL; UNITED-STATES; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ASIAN-AMERICANS; NORTH-AMERICA; ADOLESCENTS; OVERWEIGHT; OBESITY; FAT AB This study investigated acculturation, eating habits, and weight status among 53 Chinese-American children and their primary caregivers. Caregivers' mean acculturation score was 2.1, indicating low acculturation. Caregivers' mean body mass index (BMI) was 23.3; 2 1 % were overweight (BMI ! 25). Children's mean BMI was 16.6; 17% were overweight (BMI >= 95th percentile). The food groups most commonly consumed at the child care center were dairy (15%), mixed dishes (15%), fruits (13%), 100% fruit juice (13%), and vegetables (I I %). Of the food groups consumed at home, 43% reflected Chinese food, 26% reflected American food, and 3 1 % reflected food that were shared by both cultures. Of the Chinese food, 26% were mixed dishes, 23% were bread, 16% were vegetables, 11% were meat, and 11% were soup. For American food consumed at home, 19% were desserts, 14% were sweetened beverages, and I I % were bread. Understanding acculturation, eating habits, and weight status of Chinese-American families is critical for designing and monitoring nutrition programs for this understudied population. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Demory-Luce, DK (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM debbyd@bcm.tcm.edu NR 74 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 213 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2004.12.005 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 913ND UT WOS:000228157700001 ER PT J AU Bowman, SA AF Bowman, SA TI Food shoppers' nutrition attitudes and relationship to dietary and lifestyle practices SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nutrition attitudes; food shopping; lifestyle; diet quality; fast food; total fat; added sugars; exercise; television viewing; smoking ID TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; RISK-FACTORS; US ADULTS; OBESITY; CONSUMPTION; COMMUNITIES; DISEASE; ENERGY; INDEX AB The study compared dietary and lifestyle practices of 5689 adults in the US Department of Agriculture's Diet and Health Knowledge Survey conducted in 1994 to 1996. The adults were grouped based on their attitudes toward the importance of nutrition when buying food. A high percentage of women (69.8%) than men (55.2%) reported that nutrition was very important to them when buying food. Household income and educational status did not affect their nutrition attitude. After controlling for age, sex, and other socioeconomic and demographic variables, adults who considered nutrition very important had a lower energy intake and consumed more nutritious foods such as fruits, nonstarchy vegetables, and fluid milk than their counterparts. They read food labels and adopted several dietary fat reduction strategies. The adults who did not consider nutrition very important were 21% more likely to watch television for more than 2 hours a day, 38% more likely to be a smoker, and 32% less likely to exercise. In conclusion, the adults who placed importance on nutrition were also likely to practice a healthful lifestyle. Health interventions should include a nutrition component emphasizing the importance of good nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bowman, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bowmans@rbhnrc.usda.gov NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 281 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2004.11.004 PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 913ND UT WOS:000228157700007 ER PT J AU Stewart, KM Bowyer, RT Dick, BL Johnson, BK Kie, JG AF Stewart, KM Bowyer, RT Dick, BL Johnson, BK Kie, JG TI Density-dependent effects on physical condition and reproduction in North American elk: an experimental test SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE body mass; body condition; cervus elaphus; lactation; pregnancy ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; LIFE-HISTORY CONSEQUENCES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ALASKAN MOOSE; MULE DEER; RED DEER; SEXUAL SEGREGATION; CALVING SUCCESS; FEMALE CARIBOU; NATIONAL-PARK AB Density dependence plays a key role in life-history characteristics and population ecology of large, herbivorous mammals. We designed a manipulative experiment to test hypotheses relating effects of density-dependent mechanisms on physical condition and fecundity of North American elk (Cervus elaphus) by creating populations at low and high density. We hypothesized that if density-dependent effects were manifested principally through intraspecific competition, body condition and fecundity of females would be lower in an area of high population density than in a low-density area. Thus, we collected data on physical condition and rates of pregnancy in each experimental population. Our manipulative experiment indicated that density-dependent feedbacks affected physical condition and reproduction of adult female elk. Age-specific pregnancy rates were lower in the high-density area, although there were no differences in pregnancy of yearlings or in age at peak reproduction between areas. Age-specific rates of pregnancy began to diverge at 2 years of age between the two populations and peaked at 6 years old. Pregnancy rates were most affected by body condition and mass, although successful reproduction the previous year also reduced pregnancy rates during the current year. Our results indicated that while holding effects of winter constant, density-dependent mechanisms had a much greater effect on physical condition and fecundity than density-independent factors (e.g., precipitation and temperature). Moreover, our results demonstrated effects of differing nutrition resulting from population density during summer on body condition and reproduction. Thus, summer is a critical period for accumulation of body stores to buffer animals against winter; more emphasis should be placed on the role of spring and summer nutrition on population regulation in large, northern herbivores. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Grande, OR 97870 USA. RP Stewart, KM (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ftkms1@uaf.edu RI Stewart, Kelley/F-5897-2012 NR 85 TC 108 Z9 111 U1 10 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAR PY 2005 VL 143 IS 1 BP 85 EP 93 DI 10.1007/s00442-004-1785-y PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 902PT UT WOS:000227369700009 PM 15586292 ER PT J AU Einum, S Nislow, KH AF Einum, S Nislow, KH TI Local-scale density-dependent survival of mobile organisms in continuous habitats: an experimental test using Atlantic salmon SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE breeding time; competition; dispersal; egg size; survival; density dependence ID MAXIMUM REPRODUCTIVE RATE; LAKE DISTRICT STREAM; POPULATION REGULATION; REEF FISHES; SALAR FRY; JUVENILE; VARIABILITY; PREDATION; DYNAMICS; TRUTTA AB For organisms with restricted mobility, density dependence may occur on spatial scales much smaller than that of the whole population. Averaging densities over whole populations in such organisms gives a more or less inaccurate description of the real variation in competitive intensity over time and space. The potential for local density dependence in more mobile organisms is less well understood, particularly for organisms living in continuous habitats. To test for local density-dependent processes in such an organism, we manipulated egg density (the number of eggs nest(-1)) among ten artificial nests of Atlantic salmon along an 1,848-m long river during two consecutive years. Eggs in different nests were given unique thermal otolith-banding patterns to allow identification of juvenile nest origin. At capture, 1-2 months after emergence, the spatial distribution of juveniles reflected nest locations, with the median absolute dispersal distance being 92 and 41 m in the 2 years. Estimated nest-specific survival rates were strongly negatively related to hatched-egg density in both years (r(2)=0.72 and 0.62), despite dramatic differences in overall mean survival (0.22 and 0.02). Thus, density-dependent survival following emergence in Atlantic salmon juveniles occurs on spatial scales much smaller than that of whole populations. The consistency across years suggests that the phenomenon is likely to occur over most environmental conditions. Our observation of local-scale density dependence is consistent with strong juvenile territoriality, which forces individuals emerging in high-initial density areas to disperse farther, and a high cost (metabolic or predation) of dispersal. We conclude that for mobile organisms with patchy distributions of propagules and constrained juvenile dispersal, increased emphasis on local-scale dynamics should enable a more mechanistic understanding of population regulation even in continuous habitats, and hence increase the predictive power of population models. C1 Norwegian Inst Nat Res, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway. Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, Res Unit NE4251, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Einum, S (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Nat Res, Tungasletta 2, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway. EM sigurd.einum@nina.no NR 42 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAR PY 2005 VL 143 IS 2 BP 203 EP 210 DI 10.1007/s00442-004-1793-y PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 907SN UT WOS:000227738400004 PM 15654640 ER PT J AU Hodgkinson, JE Freeman, KL Lichtenfels, JR Palfreman, S Love, S Matthews, JB AF Hodgkinson, JE Freeman, KL Lichtenfels, JR Palfreman, S Love, S Matthews, JB TI Identification of strongyle eggs from anthelmintic-treated horses using a PCR-ELISA based on intergenic DNA sequences SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CYLICOCYCLUS-ASHWORTHI NEMATODA; LARVAL CYATHOSTOMIASIS; INTERNAL PARASITES; EQUUS-CABALLUS; PREVALENCE; PONIES; FENBENDAZOLE; IVERMECTIN; RESISTANCE; ABUNDANCE AB The efficacy of five daily fenbendazole (FBZ) treatments was tested against benzimidazole-resistant cyathostomins in naturally infected horses (n=13). Horses were treated with pyrantel embonate (PYR) to remove adult strongyles followed, 7 days later, by a 5-day course of FBZ. The PYR treatment produced an average faecal egg count reduction of 98%. All samples were negative by faecal egg count 7 days after the start of the FBZ treatment. Positive egg counts were observed from 28 days after the start of FBZ treatment and all horses displayed positive faecal egg counts by 77 days after treatment. Strongyle eggs were harvested from the faeces of the horses prior to treatment and then weekly from 42 to 70 days post-treatment. DNA was obtained from eggs in groups of ten. A PCR-ELISA, based on species-specific differences in intergenic DNA sequences, was used to identify the presence of six cyathostomin species. In pre-treatment samples, Cyathostomum catinatum was detected in nine out of the 13 horses and Cylicostephanus longibursatus, Cylicostephanus goldi and Cylicocyclus nassatus, were found in samples from eight animals. Cylicocyclus ashworthi and Cylicocyclus insigne were not detected pre-treatment. After anthelmintic treatment, C. catinatum and C. longibursatus were most frequently detected, followed by C. nassatus, C. goldi and C. ashworthi. C. insigne was detected at only one time point in a sample from a single horse. C1 Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Vet Parasitol, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. Univ Liverpool, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Wirral CH64 7TE, England. ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Glasgow, Fac Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Studies, Glasgow G61 1QH, Lanark, Scotland. Moredun Res Inst, Div Parasitol, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, Scotland. RP Hodgkinson, JE (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Vet Parasitol, Pembroke Pl, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. EM jhodgkin@liv.ac.uk NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 95 IS 4 BP 287 EP 292 DI 10.1007/s00436-004-1289-z PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 901DS UT WOS:000227263800010 PM 15682337 ER PT J AU Kladnik, A Chamusco, K Chourey, PS Dermastia, M AF Kladnik, A Chamusco, K Chourey, PS Dermastia, M TI In situ detection of programmed cell death in the maize caryopsis SO PERIODICUM BIOLOGORUM LA English DT Article DE plant programmed cell death; apoptotic-like; TUNEL; iodine-crystal violet; DAPI; transmission electron microscopy; endoreduplication; image densitometry ID GENOME SIZE; APOPTOSIS; ENDOSPERM; PLANTS; DNA; TISSUE AB Background and Purpose: Programmed cell death (PCD) is one of the majorprocesses in development of multicellular organisms. In this paper we present the use of microscopy methods for the study of PCD in plant tissues. Materials and Methods: Degradation of nuclei was monitored by a DNA staining fluorochrome DAPI, condensation of chromatin with iodine -crystal violet staining and fragmentation of nuclear DNA with TUNEL reaction, where labeled nucleotides are incorporated into DNA strand breads. Disruption of cellular integrity was visualized by transmission electron microscopy and endopolyploidy level of cells in the P-C layer was measured with image densitometry using the interphase-pea method. Results and Conclusions: PCD process in P-C layer starts immediately below endosperm and continues through several cell layers towards vascular tissue in the pedicel. With DAPI staining we detected cells that completed their PCD program and therefore contained no nuclei. The cells immediately below them contained nuclei with completely condensed chromatin. In several layers of cells below the already dead cells, the nuclear DNA was fragmented, as detected with TUNEL reaction. In some TUNEL positive cells we observed apoptotic-like e bodies at the periphery of cells. Ultrastructural analyses revealed complete degradation of protoplast, whereas cell walls remained in place. Additionally, cells in the P-C layer enter a special variant of cell cycle, endoreduplication, and reach endopolyploidy level 8 C (1 C equals to DNA content of an unreplicated haploid genome). The microscopy methods described here proved to be highly useful diagnostic tools in the study of PCD in plant tissues. C1 Univ Ljubljana, Fac Biotechnol, Dept Biol, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol & Agron, Program Plant Mol & Cellular Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Dermastia, M (reprint author), Univ Ljubljana, Fac Biotechnol, Dept Biol, Vecna Pot 111, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. EM marina.dermastia@bf.uni-lj.si RI Kladnik, Ales/B-6045-2008 OI Kladnik, Ales/0000-0002-3466-0088 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERIODICUM BIOLOGORUM PI ZAGREB PA HRVATSKO PRIRODOSLOVNO DRUSTVO ILICA 16/111, 41000 ZAGREB, CROATIA SN 0031-5362 J9 PERIOD BIOL JI Period. Biol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 107 IS 1 BP 11 EP 16 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 930HU UT WOS:000229407300003 ER PT J AU Ragsdale, NN AF Ragsdale, NN TI Herbicide-resistant crops from biotechnology: current and future status - Introduction SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Ragsdale, NN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 61 IS 3 BP 209 EP 209 DI 10.1002/ps.1019 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 902GH UT WOS:000227342100001 ER PT J AU Duke, SO AF Duke, SO TI Taking stock of herbicide-resistant crops ten years after introduction SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Herbicide-Resistant Crops from Biotechnology held at the ACS 227th National Meeting CY MAR 29-30, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Agrochem Div DE bromoxynil; glufosinate; glyphosate; herbicide-resistant crop; transgenic crop ID CORN ZEA-MAYS; RICE ORYZA-SATIVA; SAFETY EVALUATION; RISK-ASSESSMENT; TOLERANT CORN; GENE-TRANSFER; GLYPHOSATE; GLUFOSINATE; MANAGEMENT AB Since transgenic, bromoxynil-resistant cotton and glufosinate-resistant canola were introduced in 1995, planting of transgenic herbicide-resistant crops has grown substantially, revolutionizing weed management where they have been available. Before 1995, several commercial herbicide-resistant crops were produced by biotechnology through selection for resistance in tissue culture. However, non-transgenic herbicide-resistant crops have had less commercial impact. Since the introduction of glyphosate-resistant soybean in 1996, and the subsequent introduction of other glyphosate-resistant crops, where available, they have taken a commanding share of the herbicide-resistant crop market, especially in soybean, cotton and canola. The high level of adoption of glyphosate-resistant crops by North American farmers has helped to significantly reduce the value of the remaining herbicide market. This has resulted in reduced investment in herbicide discovery, which may be problematic for addressing future weed-management problems. Introduction of herbicide-resistant crops that can be used with selective herbicides has apparently been hindered by the great success of glyphosate-resistant crops. Evolution of glyphosate-resistant weeds and movement of naturally resistant weed species into glyphosate-resistant crop fields will require increases in the use of other herbicides, but the speed with which these processes compromise the use of glyphosate alone is uncertain. The future of herbicide-resistant crops will be influenced by many factors, including alternative technologies, public opinion and weed resistance. Considering the relatively few recent approvals for field testing new herbicide-resistant crops and recent decisions not to grow glyphosate-resistant sugarbeet and wheat, the introduction and adoption of herbicide-resistant crops during the next 10 years is not likely to be as dramatic as in the past 10 years. Published in 2005 for SCI by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM sduke@olemiss.edu NR 52 TC 95 Z9 101 U1 2 U2 25 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 61 IS 3 BP 211 EP 218 DI 10.1002/ps.1024 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 902GH UT WOS:000227342100002 PM 15660452 ER PT J AU Tan, SY Evans, RR Dahmer, ML Singh, BK Shaner, DL AF Tan, SY Evans, RR Dahmer, ML Singh, BK Shaner, DL TI Imidazolinone-tolerant crops: history, current status and future SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Herbicide-Resistant Crops from Biotechnology held at the ACS 227th National Meeting CY MAR 29-30, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Agrochem Div DE imidazolinone tolerance; weed control; acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS); herbicide; mutant; Clearfield* ID CORN ZEA-MAYS; THALIANA ACETOHYDROXYACID SYNTHASE; SUNFLOWER HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS; RICE ORYZA-SATIVA; GOATGRASS AEGILOPS-CYLINDRICA; ALS-INHIBITING HERBICIDES; SOMATIC-CELL SELECTIONS; WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; COMMON SUNFLOWER AB Imidazolinone herbicides, which include imazapyr, imazapic, imazethapyr, imazamox, imazamethabenz and imazaquin, control weeds by inhibiting the enzyme acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), also called acetolactate synthase (ALS). AHAS is a critical enzyme for the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids in plants. Several variant AHAS genes conferring imidazolinone tolerance were discovered in plants through mutagenesis and selection, and were used to create imidazolinone-tolerant maize (Zea mays L), wheat (Triticum aestivum L), rice (Oryza sativa L), oilseed rape (Brassica napus L) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L). These crops were developed using conventional breeding methods and commercialized as Clearfield(*) crops from 1992 to the present. Imidazolinone herbicides control a broad spectrum of grass and broadleaf weeds in imidazolinone-tolerant crops, including weeds that are closely related to the crop itself and some key parasitic weeds. Imidazolinone-tolerant crops may also prevent rotational crop injury and injury caused by interaction between AHAS-inhibiting herbicides and insecticides. A single target-site mutation in the AHAS gene may confer tolerance to AHAS-inhibiting herbicides, so that it is technically possible to develop the imidazolinone-tolerance trait in many crops. Activities are currently directed toward the continued improvement of imidazolinone tolerance and development of new Clearfield* crops. Management of herbicide-resistant weeds and gene flow from crops to weeds are issues that must be considered with the development of any herbicide-resistant crop. Thus extensive stewardship programs have been developed to address these issues for Clearfield* crops. (C) 2004 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 BASF Corp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USDA ARS, Water Management Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Tan, SY (reprint author), BASF Corp, 26 Davis Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM tans@basf-corp.com OI Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 NR 104 TC 199 Z9 217 U1 8 U2 75 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 61 IS 3 BP 246 EP 257 DI 10.1002/ps.993 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 902GH UT WOS:000227342100007 PM 15627242 ER PT J AU Arias, RS Netherland, MD Scheffler, BE Puri, A Dayan, FE AF Arias, RS Netherland, MD Scheffler, BE Puri, A Dayan, FE TI Molecular evolution of herbicide resistance to phytoene desaturase inhibitors in Hydrilia verticillata and its potential use to generate herbicide-resistant crops SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Herbicide-Resistant Crops from Biotechnology held at the ACS 227th National Meeting CY MAR 29-30, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Agrochem Div DE non-indigenous species; invasive species; somatic mutations; herbicide resistance; aquatic weed; molecular adaptation ID POLYMORPHIC DNA ANALYSIS; DIOECIOUS HYDRILLA; CAROTENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; LF ROYLE; MONOECIOUS HYDRILLA; ISOENZYME PATTERNS; FUNGAL PATHOGEN; UNITED-STATES; PHENETIC RELATIONSHIPS; ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE AB Hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillata (Lf) Royle] is one of the most serious invasive aquatic weed problems in the USA. This plant possesses numerous mechanisms of vegetative reproduction that enable it to spread very rapidly. Management of this weed has been achieved by the systemic treatment of water bodies with the herbicide fluridone. At least three dioecious fluridone-resistant biotypes of hydrilla with two- to fivefold higher resistance to the herbicide than the wild-type have been identified. Resistance is the result of one of three independent somatic mutations at the arginine 304 codon of the gene encoding phytoene desaturase, the molecular target site of fluridone. The specific activities of the three purified phytoene desaturase variants are similar to the wild-type enzyme. The appearance of these herbicide-resistant biotypes may jeopardize the ability to control the spread of this non-indigenous species to other water bodies in the southern USA. The objective of this paper is to provide general information about the biology and physiology of this aquatic weed in relation to its recent development of resistance to the herbicide fluridone, and to discuss how this discovery might lead to a new generation of herbicide-resistant crops. (C) 2005 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. USACE ERDC Env Lab, Ctr Aquat & Invas Plants, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM fdayan@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 102 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 61 IS 3 BP 258 EP 268 DI 10.1002/ps.1022 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 902GH UT WOS:000227342100008 PM 15668922 ER PT J AU Li, AY Pruett, JH Davey, RB George, JE AF Li, AY Pruett, JH Davey, RB George, JE TI Toxicological and biochemical characterization of coumaphos resistance in the San Roman strain of Boophilus microplus (Acari : Ixodidae) SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coumaphos; organophosphate; mechanism of resistance; AChE; cytP450s; cattle tick; Boophilus microplus ID CATTLE TICK; ORGANOPHOSPHATE RESISTANCE; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE GENE; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; HAEMATOBIA-IRRITANS; PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE; LUCILIA-CUPRINA; POINT MUTATIONS; DIPTERA AB The San Roman strain of the southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus, collected from Mexico was previously reported to have a high level of resistance to the organophosphate acaricide coumaphos. An oxidative detoxification mechanism was suspected to contribute to coumaphos resistance in this tick strain, as coumaphos bioassay with piperonyl butoxide (PBO) on larvae of this resistant strain resulted in enhanced coumaphos toxicity, while coumaphos assays with PBO resulted in reduced toxicity of coumaphos in a susceptible reference strain. In this study, we further analyzed the mechanism of oxidative metabolic detoxification with synergist bioassays of coroxon, the toxic metabolite of coumaphos, and the mechanism of target-site insensitivity with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition kinetics assays. Bioassays of coroxon with PBO resulted in synergism of coroxon toxicity in both the San Roman and the susceptible reference strains. The synergism ratio of PBO on coroxon in the resistant strain was 4.5 times that of the susceptible strain. The results suggested that the cytP450-based metabolic detoxification existed in both resistant and susceptible strains, but its activity was significantly enhanced in the resistant strain. Comparisons of AChE activity and inhibition kinetics by coroxon in both susceptible and resistant strains revealed that the resistant San Roman strain had an insensitive AChE, with a reduced phosphorylation rate, resulting in a reduced bimolecular reaction constant. These data indicate a mechanism of coumaphos resistance in the San Roman strain that involves both insensitive AChE and enhanced cytP450-based metabolic detoxification. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Li, AY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM Andrew.Li@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 81 IS 3 BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.pestbp.2004.12.002 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 900XF UT WOS:000227246900001 ER PT J AU Schrader, KK Dayan, FE Nanayakkara, NPD AF Schrader, KK Dayan, FE Nanayakkara, NPD TI Generation of reactive oxygen species by a novel anthraquinone derivative in the cyanobacterium Planktothrix perornata (Skuja) SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anthraquinone; catfish; cyanobacteria; 2-methylisoborneol; reactive oxygen species ID OSCILLATORIA CF. CHALYBEA; SELECTIVE ALGICIDES; OFF-FLAVOR; 9,10-ANTHRAQUINONE; INVOLVEMENT; TOXICITY; PONDS AB A water-soluble anthraquinone derivative (2-[methylamino-N-(1'-methylethyl)]-9,10-anthraquinone monophosphate), previously found to be selectively toxic towards Planktothrix perornata at submicromolar concentrations, was studied to determine its toxic mode of action towards this cyanobacterium. Chlorophyll fluorescence was monitored as an indicator of photosynthetic efficiency, and measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was performed using the ROS-sensitive probe 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. The effects of the herbicide paraquat (a ROS generator) as well as ascorbate and of.-tocopherol (ROS scavengers) on ROS formation by P. perornata were studied. Also, the effects of different concentrations of ascorbate, alpha-tocopherol, and the herbicide diuron on reducing the toxicity of the water-soluble anthraquinone derivative towards P. perornata were determined. Our results indicate that the water-soluble anthraquinone derivative does not inhibit photosynthetic electron transport directly, but does generate ROS at levels that may cause toxicity towards P. perornata, (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Schrader, KK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM Kschrader@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 81 IS 3 BP 198 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.pestbp.2004.11.004 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 900XF UT WOS:000227246900006 ER PT J AU Thomas, JC Perron, M LaRosa, PC Smigocki, AC AF Thomas, JC Perron, M LaRosa, PC Smigocki, AC TI Cytokinin and the regulation of a tobacco metallothionein-like gene during copper stress SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID HALOPHYTE MESEMBRYANTHEMUM-CRYSTALLINUM; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; REACTIVE OXYGEN; LEAF SENESCENCE; PLANT-GROWTH; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION; ACCUMULATION; YEAST AB Higher plant metallothioneins are suspected of reducing metal-induced oxidative stress and binding copper and zinc cofactor metals for delivery to important apometalloproteins. A metallothionein-like gene (MT-L2) cDNA clone pCkn16A1 ( Accession U35225) was cloned from heat-shock-induced Nicotiana plumbaginifolia containing the heat-shock-inducible isopentenyl transferase (ipt) gene (HS-ipt). Ipt expression in plants leads to enhanced cytokinin biosynthesis. In mature leaves of non-transformed N. plumbaginifolia and Nicotiana tabacum, copper stress caused a significant loss of MT-L2 mRNA transcripts. Under non-stressed conditions, HS-ipt induced ( N. plumbaginifolia) or light-induced (SSU-ipt) (N. tabacum) plants had higher MT-L2 transcript levels than non-transformed or transformed (GUS) controls. Unlike control plants, copper stress did not reduce MT-L2 mRNA levels in the cytokinin accumulating transgenic plants. Enhanced cytokinin production also led to lower lipid peroxidation compared with controls under non-stressed and copper-stressed conditions. Greater MT-L2 transcript levels and protection against oxidative events prior to or during copper stress could contribute to the observed eight-fold accumulation of copper in mature leaves of ipt expressing plants compared to non-transformed plants. Expression of this tobacco MT-L2 mRNA may be modulated directly by cytokinin or indirectly as a consequence of cytokinin-mediated antioxidant activity. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Nat Sci, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. USDA, ARS, Plant Mol Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Thomas, JC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nat Sci, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. EM jcthomas@umd.umich.edu NR 53 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 123 IS 3 BP 262 EP 271 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2004.00440.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 901YK UT WOS:000227318000004 ER PT J AU Beilinson, V Moskalenko, OV Ritchie, RD Nielsen, NC AF Beilinson, V Moskalenko, OV Ritchie, RD Nielsen, NC TI Differentially expressed genes during seed development in soybean SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE TAGS; HYBRIDIZATION; SUPPRESSION; PLANT AB Little reliable information exists about the genetic events that control the onset and timing of seed-fill in soybean cotyledons. To identify the genes involved in this process, cDNA libraries were prepared from mRNAs isolated from seeds at 7 and 21 days after flowering (DAF), which represent times just before and after the initiation of seed-fill. For the soybean variety Resnik, which was used for this study, seed-fill and the establishment of an endoreduplicative cell cycle occurred 12-14 DAF. Suppression subtractive hybridization was then applied to identify sequences that were differentially expressed at each of these two developmental stages. False positives in the libraries were reduced by using mirror orientation selection (MOS). The libraries of differentially expressed genes that resulted were analysed and the nucleotide sequences obtained were compared with those in existing databases. Several genes from each library were chosen and their expression profile during seed development was analysed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using RNA preparations originating from different seed developmental stages. Candidate genes for control of the stage shift from dividing cells to endoreduplication were identified. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Biochem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Nielsen, NC (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM nnielsen@purdue.edu OI Ritchie, Rae/0000-0002-0693-0693 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 123 IS 3 BP 321 EP 330 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2004.00450.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 901YK UT WOS:000227318000010 ER PT J AU Baker, CJ Whitaker, BD Roberts, DP Mock, NM Rice, CP Deahl, KL Aver'yanov, AA AF Baker, CJ Whitaker, BD Roberts, DP Mock, NM Rice, CP Deahl, KL Aver'yanov, AA TI Induction of redox sensitive extracellular phenolics during plant-bacterial interactions SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antioxidant capacity; oxidative stress; Pseudomonas syringae; Nicotiana tabacum; caffeoylputrescine; feruloylputrescine; hydroxyacetosyringone; hydroxyacetovanillone; acetosyringone; feruloyltyramine ID CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; SYRINGAE PV SYRINGAE; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; MICROBE INTERACTIONS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; SIGNAL MOLECULES; GENETIC-EVIDENCE; VIRA PROTEIN; METABOLISM; STRESS AB This study focuses on the transient and complex nature of phenolics that accumulate in the extracellular environment of plant suspension cells during the first few hours of the interaction between these plant cells and bacterial pathogens. Using suspension cells of Nicotiana tabacum we identified four acetophenones and four hydroxycinnamic acid amides that accumulate in this extracellular environment. Treat ment of the suspension cells with isolates of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae or heat-killed bacteria increased elicitation of extracellular phenolics and changed the composition of the compounds that accumulated. These phenolics were sensitive to oxidative stress; when suspension cells were treated with bacterial strains or elicitors that triggered an oxidative burst, these phenolics were oxidized and depleted for the duration of the burst. The qualitative and quantitative makeup of phenolics produced by N. tabacum suspensions was also affected by plant cell age and density. To our knowledge, this is the first study that closely follows the kinetics of individual extracellular Phenolic compounds and the concurrent oxidative stress during the first few hours of a plant-bacterial interaction. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Res Inst Phytopathol, B Vyazemy 143050, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Baker, CJ (reprint author), USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Bldg 004 Rm 119,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bakerc@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 66 IS 3 BP 90 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2005.05.002 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 967CI UT WOS:000232068700003 ER PT J AU Colegate, SM Edgar, JA Knill, AM Lee, ST AF Colegate, SM Edgar, JA Knill, AM Lee, ST TI Solid-phase extraction and HPLC-MS profiling of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their N-oxides: a case study of Echium plantagineum SO PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE HPLC-MS; solid-phase extraction; pyrrolizidine alkaloids; N-oxides; Echium plantagineum ID PLANTS; METABOLISM; AMSINCKIA AB Pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their N-oxides can be extracted from the dried methanolic extracts of plant material using dilute aqueous acid. The subsequent integration of solid-phase extraction (with a strong cation exchanger) of the alkaloids and N-oxides from the aqueous acid solution, together with analysis using HPLC-ESI/MS, provides a method for the simultaneous profiling of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their N-oxides in plant samples and the collection of useful structural data as an aid in their identification. The N-oxide character of the analytes may be confirmed by treating analytical samples with a redox resin and observing the formation of the corresponding parent pyrrolizidine alkaloids. The present case study of Echium plantagineum highlighted a higher ratio of N-oxides to the parent tertiary bases than has been previously reported. Furthermore, a higher proportion of acetylated pyrrolizidine-N-oxides was observed in the flower heads relative to the leaves. Six pyrrolizidine alkaloids or pyrrolizidine-N-oxides, not previously reported from E. plantagineum, were tentatively identified on the basis of MS and biogenetic considerations. Three of these, 3'-O-acetylintermedine/lycopsamine, leptanthine-N-oxide and 9-O-angelylretronecine-N-oxide, have been reported elsewhere, whilst three others, 3'-O-acetylechiumine-N-oxide, echimiplatine-N-oxide and echiuplatine-N-oxide, appear unreported from any other source. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley P Sons, Ltd. C1 CSIRO, Livestock Ind, Plant Associated Toxins Res Grp, Australian Anim Hlth Lab, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Colegate, SM (reprint author), CSIRO, Livestock Ind, Plant Associated Toxins Res Grp, Australian Anim Hlth Lab, Private Bag 24, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. EM steve.colegate@csiro.au NR 23 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0958-0344 J9 PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS JI Phytochem. Anal. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 16 IS 2 BP 108 EP 119 DI 10.1002/pca.828 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 916HP UT WOS:000228376300007 PM 15881119 ER PT J AU Scheuerell, SJ Sullivan, DM Mahaffee, WF AF Scheuerell, SJ Sullivan, DM Mahaffee, WF TI Suppression of seedling damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum, P irregulare, and Rhizoctonia solani in container media amended with a diverse range of Pacific northwest compost sources SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ROOT-ROT; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PREDICTING SUPPRESSIVENESS; SPHAGNUM PEAT; POTTING MIXES; HARDWOOD BARK; SOIL; APHANIDERMATUM; AMMONIA AB Suppression of seedling damping-off disease caused by Pythium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani is a potential benefit of formulating soilless container media with compost. Thirty-six compost samples from Pacific Northwest commercial composting facilities were analyzed for a number of physical, chemical, and biological properties. including Suppression of damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum. P irregulate. and R. solani. The samples were produced from diverse feedstocks and composting technologies: this was reflected in a large degree of variability in the measured properties. When mixed with sphagnum peat moss and inorganic aggregates, 67% of the compost samples significantly suppressed P. irregulare damping-off of cucumber, 64% suppressed P ultimum damping-off of cucumber, and 17% suppressed damping-off of cabbage caused by R. solani. Suppresion Of Pythilium damping-off was related to the potential of compost to Support microbial activity and a qualitative index of ammonia volatilization. Suppression of Rhizoctonia damping-off was not related to any One compost factor. Currently available compost products potentially Could provide commercially acceptable control of damping-off caused by Pyhtium spp.. but it is necessary to fortify composts with microbial antagonists for the control of R. solani. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Mahaffee, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM mahaffew@science.oregonstate.edu NR 47 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 2005 VL 95 IS 3 BP 306 EP 315 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-95-0306 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 901MB UT WOS:000227285500013 PM 18943125 ER PT J AU Kim, K Portis, AR AF Kim, K Portis, AR TI Temperature dependence of photosynthesis in Arabidopsis plants with modifications in Rubisco activase and membrane fluidity SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis thaliana; heat stress; ribulose-1.5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase ID RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE RUBISCO; HEAT-STRESS; RIBULOSEBISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; OXYGENASE ACTIVATION; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; LEAF TEMPERATURE; PIMA COTTON; IN-VIVO; SENSITIVITY; LEAVES AB Net photosynthesis (Pn) is reversibly inhibited at moderately high temperature. To investigate this further, we examined the effects of heat stress on Arabidopsis plants in which Rubisco activase or thylakoid membrane fluidity has been modified. During heating leaves from 25 to 40 degrees C at 250 ppm CO2 and 1% O-2, the wild-type (WT), plants expressing the 43 kDa isoform only (rwt43), and plants accumulating activase 40% of WT (R100) exhibited similar inhibitions in the Pn and Rubisco activation state. Despite better membrane integrity than WT, plants having less polyunsaturation of thylakoid lipids (fad7/8 double mutant) failed to maintain greater Pn than the WT. Plants expressing the 46 kDa isoform only (rwt46) exhibited the most inhibition, but plants expressing a 46 kDa isoform incapable of redox regulation (C411A) were similar to the WT. The null mutant (rca) exhibited a continuous decline in Pn. As measured by fluorescence, electron transport activity decreased concomitantly with Pn but PSII was not damaged. Following a quick recovery to 25 from 40 degrees C, whereas most lines recovered 90% Pn, the rwt46 and rca lines recovered only to 59 and < 10%, respectively. As measured by NADP-malate dehydrogenase activation, after an initial increase at 30 degrees C, stromal oxidation in the WT and rwt46 plants did not increase further as Pn decreased. These results provide additional insight into the role of Rubisco activation and activase in the reversible heat inhibition of Pn. C1 ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Portis, AR (reprint author), ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM arportis@uiuc.edu NR 38 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 46 IS 3 BP 522 EP 530 DI 10.1093/pcp/pci052 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 911AV UT WOS:000227974400016 PM 15695447 ER PT J AU Sanchez, FG AF Sanchez, FG TI Irrigation, fertilization and initial substrate quality effects on decomposing Loblolly pine litter chemistry SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE CPMAS; (13)C NMR; litter decomposition; loblolly pine ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; C-13 CPMAS NMR; PHOSPHORUS RELEASE; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; NITROGEN; FORESTS; LIGNIN; AVAILABILITY; SPECTROSCOPY; DETRITUS AB Changes in carbon chemistry (i.e., carbon compound classes such as aromatics, phenolics, etc.) of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) litter were examined during three years of decomposition under factorial combinations of irrigation and fertilization treatments. Cross polarization magic angle spinning (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance revealed that total carbon and nutrient concentrations correlated strongly with carbohydrate and O-alkyl carbon concentrations but did not relate well with concentrations of lignin, aromatic and phenolic carbon, or with lignin-related decomposition indices. The best correlations to carbon and nutrient concentrations occurred with the C/N (R(2) = 0.86, P > 0.0001) and alkyl/O-alkyl (R(2) = 0.75, P > 0.0001) decomposition indices. In all situations, the carbon chemistry of the decomposing litter followed the general pattern of accumulation of alkyl and carbonyl carbon with a loss of O-alkyl and methoxy carbon. Only small variations in the aromatic and phenolic carbon concentrations were detected. Since lignin is composed primarily of aromatic and phenolic carbons, the observation that there were only small changes in the aromatic and phenolic carbons of the litter is consistent with the general stability of lignin in these ecosystems. Trends in carbon chemistry during decomposition suggested that fertilization accelerated the decomposition process by about 100% as compared with the control plots. Irrigation also accelerated the decomposition process but to a lower extent (about 62% greater than control plots). Initial litter quality, as defined by the litter C/N, did not have a significant effect on the carbon chemistry of the decomposing litter. This study demonstrated that the decomposition mechanisms were not altered by the treatments but there were important changes in the relative chemistry of the decomposing litter which impacted the rate of decomposition. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Sanchez, FG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 3041 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12254, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM fsanchez@fs.fed.us NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAR PY 2005 VL 270 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 122 DI 10.1007/s11104-004-1309-x PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 944AJ UT WOS:000230397000011 ER PT J AU Sternberg, LDL Bucci, S Franco, A Goldstein, G Hoffman, WA Meinzer, FC Moreira, MZ Scholz, F AF Sternberg, LDL Bucci, S Franco, A Goldstein, G Hoffman, WA Meinzer, FC Moreira, MZ Scholz, F TI Long range lateral root activity by neo-tropical savanna trees SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL FOREST; SOIL-WATER; PLANTS; TRANSPIRATION; PASTURES; PATTERNS; DEPTH AB The extent of water uptake by lateral roots of savanna trees in the Brazilian highlands was measured by irrigating two 2 by 2 m plots with deuterium-enriched water and assaying for the abundance of deuterium in stem water from trees inside and at several distances from the irrigation plots. Stem water of trees inside the irrigation plots was highly enriched compared to that of control trees, whereas stem water of trees just outside the plot was only slightly enriched compared with that from control trees. Therefore, bulk water uptake in the savanna trees studied occurred in a horizontally restricted area, indicating that their rooting structure was characterized by a dense cluster of short roots associated with the main trunk and a few meandering long range lateral roots. This root architecture was confirmed by extensive excavations of several species. The same deuterium labeling pattern was observed in an Amazonian tropical forest. The savanna ecosystem, however, differed from the tropical forest ecosystem by having a greater proportion of trees outside the irrigation plots having stem water with deuterium levels significantly above background. This leads us to the conclusion that savanna trees have more or longer lateral roots compared to tropical forest trees. The greater lateral root development in savanna trees may be an adaptation for more efficient nutrient absorption. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Biol, Lab Ecol Func, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Brasilia, Dept Bot, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Bot, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Energia Nucl Agr, BR-13400970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. RP Sternberg, LDL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM l.sternberg@miami.edu RI Hoffmann, William/E-8894-2010; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; Moreira, Marcelo/D-4622-2013; OI Hoffmann, William/0000-0002-1926-823X; Bucci, Sandra Janet/0000-0003-1079-9277 NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAR PY 2005 VL 270 IS 1-2 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.1007/s11104-004-1334-9 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 944AJ UT WOS:000230397000016 ER PT J AU Wang, ZY Kelly, JM Kovar, JL AF Wang, ZY Kelly, JM Kovar, JL TI Depletion of macro-nutrients from rhizosphere soil solution by juvenile corn, cottonwood, and switchgrass plants SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE mini-rhizotron; nutrient efficiency; Panicum virgatum L.; Populus deltoids L.; root morphology; Zea mays L. ID PHOSPHORUS-USE EFFICIENCY; ABIES L. KARST.; SOLUTION CHEMISTRY; IN-SITU; PHOSPHATASE-ACTIVITY; UPTAKE KINETICS; ROOTS; SEEDLINGS; NUTRIENT; MAIZE AB In situ sampling of rhizosphere solution chemistry is an important step in improving our understanding of soil solution nutrient dynamics. Improved understanding will enhance our ability to model nutrient dynamics and on a broader scale, to develop effective buffers to minimize nutrient movement to surface waters. However, only limited attention has been focused on the spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of rhizosphere solution, and still less is known about how rhizosphere solution chemistry varies among plant species. Nutrients in rhizosphere soil solution and changes in root morphology of juvenile corn (Zea mays L. cv. Stine 2250), cottonwood (Populus deltoids L.), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) were monitored using mini-rhizotron technology. Plants were grown for 10 days in a fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Hapludoll (Kennebec series). Micro-samples (100-200 mu L) of rhizosphere and bulk soil solution were collected at 24-h intervals at a tension of - 100 kPa and analyzed for P, K, Ca, and Mg concentration using Capillary Electrophoresis techniques. Plants were harvested at the end of the 10-day period, and tissue digests analyzed for nutrient content by Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy. Corn plants produced roots that were 1.3 times longer than those of cottonwood, and 11.7 times longer than those of switchgrass. Similar trends were observed in number of root tips and root surface area. At the end of 10 days, rhizosphere solution P and K concentrations in the immediate vicinity of the roots (<1 mm) decreased by approximating 24 and 8% for corn, and 15 and 5% for cottonwood. A rhizosphere effect was not found for switchgrass. After correction for initial plant nutrient content, corn shoot P, K, and Mg were respectively 385, 132, and 163% higher than cottonwood and 66, 37, and 10% higher than switchgrass. Cottonwood shoot Ca concentration, however, was 68 to 133% higher than that of corn or switchgrass. There was no difference in root P concentration among the three species. Nutrient accumulation efficiency (mu g nutrient mm(-1) root length) of cottonwood was 26 to 242% higher for P, 25 to 325% higher for Ca, and 41 to 253% higher for Mg than those of corn and switchgrass. However, K accumulation efficiency of corn was four to five times higher than that of the cottonwood and switchgrass. Nutrient utilization efficiency (mg of dry weight produced per mg nutrient uptake) of P, K, and Mg was higher in cottonwood than in corn and switchgrass. These differences are element-specific and depend on root production and morphology as well as plant nutrient status. From a practical perspective, the results of this study indicate that potentially significant differences in rhizosphere solution chemistry can develop quickly. Results also indicate that cottonwood would be an effective species to slow the loss of nutrients in buffer settings. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wang, ZY (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 253 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Wang0628@hotmail.com NR 36 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAR PY 2005 VL 270 IS 1-2 BP 213 EP 221 DI 10.1007/s11104-004-1538-z PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 944AJ UT WOS:000230397000020 ER PT J AU Cocciolone, SM Nettleton, D Snook, ME Peterson, T AF Cocciolone, SM Nettleton, D Snook, ME Peterson, T TI Transformation of maize with the p1 transcription factor directs production of silk maysin, a corn earworm resistance factor, in concordance with a hierarchy of floral organ pigmentation SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE floral organs; hierarchy; maize; maysin; pericarp; transgenic ID MYB-HOMOLOGOUS GENES; ZEA-MAYS; NOCTUIDAE LARVAE; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; LEPIDOPTERA; ANTIBIOSIS; EXPRESSION; MECHANISMS; EPIMUTATION; GERMPLASM AB The maize p1 gene encodes an R2R3-MYB transcription factor that controls the biosynthesis of red flavonoid pigments in floral tissues of the maize plant. Genetic and quantitative trait locus analyses have also associated the p1 gene with the synthesis of maysin, a flavone glycoside from maize silks that confers natural resistance to corn earworm. Here, we show directly that the p1 gene induces maysin accumulation in silk tissues. Transformation of maize plants that had low or no silk maysin with p1 transgenes elevated silk maysin concentrations to levels sufficient for corn earworm abiosis. The p1 transgenes also conferred red pigment to pericarp, cob, husk and tassel tissues, as expected; however, different subsets of these tissues were pigmented within individual transgenic plants. Statistical analysis shows that the pigmentation patterns observed amongst the p1 transgenic plants conform to a hierarchy that is similar to the temporal ordering of floral organ initiation. We propose that the observed hierarchy of pigmentation patterns is conferred by variation due to epigenetic control of the p1 transgenes. The production of plants with improved traits through genetic engineering can depend in large part on the achievement of tight organ-specific expression of the introduced transgenes. Our results demonstrate that the production of transgenic plants using a promoter with well-defined tissue specificity, such as the p1 promoter, can result in unexpected variation in tissue specificity amongst the resulting transgenic plants. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Phytochem Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Peterson, T (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM thomasp@iastate.edu NR 39 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1467-7644 J9 PLANT BIOTECHNOL J JI Plant Biotechnol. J. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 3 IS 2 BP 225 EP 235 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2005.00120.x PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 898OZ UT WOS:000227087400008 PM 17173622 ER PT J AU Li, CY Schilmiller, AL Liu, GH Lee, GI Jayanty, S Sageman, C Vrebalov, J Giovannoni, JJ Yagi, K Kobayashi, Y Howe, GA AF Li, CY Schilmiller, AL Liu, GH Lee, GI Jayanty, S Sageman, C Vrebalov, J Giovannoni, JJ Yagi, K Kobayashi, Y Howe, GA TI Role of beta-oxidation in jasmonate biosynthesis and systemic wound signaling in tomato SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID ACYL-COA OXIDASES; TENDRIL-COILING RESPONSE; DEFENSE GENE-EXPRESSION; ALLENE OXIDE CYCLASE; SYRINGAE PV. TOMATO; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; OCTADECANOID PRECURSORS; PEROXISOME BIOGENESIS; BRYONIA-DIOICA; PLANT DEFENSE AB Jasmonic acid (JA) is a lipid-derived signal that regulates plant defense responses to biotic stress. Here, we report the characterization of a JA-deficient mutant of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) that lacks local and systemic expression of defensive proteinase inhibitors (Pis) in response to wounding. Map-based cloning studies demonstrated that this phenotype results from loss of function of an acyl-CoA oxidase (ACX1A) that catalyzes the first step in the peroxisomal beta-oxidation stage of JA biosynthesis. Recombinant ACX1A exhibited a preference for C12 and C14 straight-chain acyl-CoAs and also was active in the metabolism of C18 cyclopentanoid-CoA precursors of JA. The overall growth, development, and reproduction of acx1 plants were similar to wild-type plants. However, the mutant was compromised in its defense against tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) attack. Grafting experiments showed that loss of ACX1A function disrupts the production of the transmissible signal for wound-induced PI expression but does not affect the recognition of this signal in undamaged responding leaves. We conclude that ACX1A is essential for the beta-oxidation stage of JA biosynthesis and that JA or its derivatives is required both for antiherbivore resistance and the production of the systemic wound signal. These findings support a role for peroxisomes in the production of lipid-based signaling molecules that promote systemic defense responses. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Energy, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Biol Engn, Midori Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268501, Japan. RP Howe, GA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Energy, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM howeg@msu.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM57795, R01 GM057795] NR 75 TC 150 Z9 165 U1 5 U2 22 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD MAR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 3 BP 971 EP 986 DI 10.1105/tpc.104.029108 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 907AB UT WOS:000227685600025 PM 15722469 ER PT J AU Han, JS Kim, CK Park, SH Hirschi, KD Mok, IG AF Han, JS Kim, CK Park, SH Hirschi, KD Mok, IG TI Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Standl.) SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Standl.); Agrobacterium tumefaciens; gus/bar; transformation; ethylene inhibitor ID CUCUMIS-MELO L; ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; HERBICIDE-RESISTANCE; PLANT TRANSFORMATION; GENE; REGENERATION; TUMEFACIENS; EXPRESSION; PROTECTION; GENOTYPE AB We describe a procedure for producing transgenic bottle gourd plants by inoculating cotyledon explants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain AGL1 that carries the binary vector pCAMBIA3301 containing a glufosinate ammonium-resistance ( bar) gene and the beta-D-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. The most effective bacterial infection was observed when cotyledon explants of 4-day-old seedlings were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium for 6 - 8 days on co-cultivation medium supplemented with 0.1 - 0.001 mg/ L-alpha-(2-aminoethoxyvinyl) glycine (AVG). The putatively transformed shoots directly emerged at the proximal end of cotyledon explants after 2 - 3 weeks of culturing on selection medium containing 2 mg/ l DL-phosphinothricin. These shoots were rooted after 3 weeks of culturing on half-strength MS medium containing 0.1 mg/ l indole acetic acid and 1 mg/ l DL-phosphinothricin. Transgenic plants were obtained at frequencies of 1.9%. Stable integration and transmission of the transgenes in T-1 generation plants were confirmed by a histochemical GUS assay, polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analyses. Genetic segregation analysis of T-1 progenies showed that transgenes were inherited in a Mendelian fashion. To our knowledge, this study is the first to show Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in bottle gourd. C1 Sangju Natl Univ, Dept Hort, Sangju 742711, South Korea. Rural Dev Adm, Natl Hort Res Inst, Suwon 441440, South Korea. Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Human & Mol Genet, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Kim, CK (reprint author), Sangju Natl Univ, Dept Hort, Sangju 742711, South Korea. EM ckkim@sangju.ac.kr NR 31 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD MAR PY 2005 VL 23 IS 10-11 BP 692 EP 698 DI 10.1007/s00299-004-0874-z PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 903QZ UT WOS:000227442000005 PM 15480686 ER PT J AU Ivic-Haymes, SD Smigocki, AC AF Ivic-Haymes, SD Smigocki, AC TI Biolistic transformation of highly regenerative sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaves SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Beta vulgaris; biolistic; uidA; nptII; particle bombardment ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; CYTOKININ BIOSYNTHESIS GENE; CERCOSPORA LEAF-SPOT; PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; SHOOT REGENERATION; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; TISSUE-CULTURE; REGISTRATION; ACCUMULATION; EXPRESSION AB Leaves of greenhouse-grown sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) plants that were first screened for high regeneration potential were transformed via particle bombardment with the uidA gene fused to the osmotin or proteinase inhibitor II gene promoter. Stably transformed calli were recovered as early as 7 weeks after bombardment and GUS-positive shoots regenerated 3 months after bombardment. The efficiency of transformation ranged from 0.9% to 3.7%, and stable integration of the uidA gene into the genome was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. The main advantages of direct bombardment of leaves to regenerate transformed sugar beet include (1) a readily available source of highly regenerative target tissue, (2) minimal tissue culture manipulation before and after bombardment, and (3) the overall rapid regeneration of transgenic shoots. C1 ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Smigocki, AC (reprint author), ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM smigocka@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD MAR PY 2005 VL 23 IS 10-11 BP 699 EP 704 DI 10.1007/s00299-004-0873-0 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 903QZ UT WOS:000227442000006 PM 15538576 ER PT J AU Rush, CM Riemenschneider, R Stein, JM Boratynski, T Bowden, RL Royer, MH AF Rush, CM Riemenschneider, R Stein, JM Boratynski, T Bowden, RL Royer, MH TI Status of karnal bunt of wheat in the United States 1996 to 2004 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID TILLETIA-INDICA TELIOSPORES; PATHOGEN NEOVOSSIA-INDICA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; SECONDARY SPORIDIA; MITRA MUNDKUR; CAUSAL AGENT; SURVIVAL; GERMINATION; SOIL C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Amarillo, TX USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS USA. USDA, FAS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Phoenix, AZ USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Riverdale, MD USA. RP Rush, CM (reprint author), Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Amarillo, TX USA. EM CBKLRUSH@aol.com RI Bowden, Robert/E-3268-2013 OI Bowden, Robert/0000-0001-9419-6574 NR 72 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 89 IS 3 BP 212 EP 223 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0212 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 900WA UT WOS:000227243800001 ER PT J AU Mian, MAR Zwonitzer, JC Hopkins, AA Ding, XS Nelson, RS AF Mian, MAR Zwonitzer, JC Hopkins, AA Ding, XS Nelson, RS TI Response of tall fescue genotypes to a new strain of Brome mosaic virus SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID GENOME AB Brome mosaic virus (BMV) infects many different species within the Poaceae family- A new strain of BMV, named F-BMV, was identified in a tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) plant. Here, we report the identification and characterization of tall fescue plants resistant to FBMV, and the effects of F-BMV infection on their growth and development. Susceptible plants infected with F-BMV produced 40% fewer tillers and 42% less dry matter compared with virusresistant plants in a greenhouse study. In the field, susceptible plants infected with F-BMV produced 25% fewer tillers, 36% less dry matter, 10% less plant height, and 40% lower seed yield compared with virus-resistant plants. In a field evaluation of a tall fescue mapping population, the virus symptom scores were negatively correlated with production of dry matter (r = -0.55), plant height (r = -0.55), and seed yield (r = -0.33). Thus, F-BMV has the potential to cause significant economic damage to susceptible tall fescue plants. These results indicate that the virus can present a serious challenge for long-term maintenance of valuable plant materials. A survey of tall fescue plants from Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Oregon indicated that the prevalence F-BMV in the field was very low. C1 Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK 73402 USA. RP Mian, MAR (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM mian.3@osu.edu NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 89 IS 3 BP 224 EP 227 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0224 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 900WA UT WOS:000227243800002 ER PT J AU Browne, GT Viveros, MA AF Browne, GT Viveros, MA TI Effects of phosphonate and mefenoxam treatments on development of perennial cankers caused by two Phytophthora spp. on almond SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE chemical control; crown rot ID PRUNING WOUND CANKERS; FOSETYL-AL; CROWN ROT; METALAXYL; SYRINGAE; SPRAYS; CHERRY; TREES; COCOA; ROOT AB Orchard experiments were conducted to evaluate chemical treatments for management of perennial cankers caused by Phytoplithora cactorum and R citricola on almond (Prunus dulcis) in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Single preventive foliar sprays with phosphonate were tested by wounding and inoculating tree trunks and branches with either pathogen at time intervals from 15 days to 5 months after spraying. One to 3 months after inoculation, resulting cankers were measured. Preventive foliar sprays with phosphonate in the fall or spring suppressed development of cankers for up to 5 months after treatment; mean canker lengths on the trees sprayed with phosphonate before inoculation were 22 to 98% smaller than those on trees that received no phosphonate. In subsequent tests, preventive chernigation with phosphonate in spring or summer also inhibited canker expansion. A curative topical treatment with either fosetyl-Al or mefenoxam on cankers caused by P cactortan or P citricola reduced canker expansion by 36 to 88%. Neither preventive nor therapeutic treatments eradicated the pathogens from the diseased tissues, but disease ratings made I year after the treatments indicated extended disease suppression. Phosphonate and mefenoxam treatments can effectively manage almond scion cankers caused by P. cactorum or P. citricola. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. UC Cooperat Extens, Bakersfield, CA 93307 USA. RP Browne, GT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gtbrowne@ucdavis.edu NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 89 IS 3 BP 241 EP 249 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0241 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 900WA UT WOS:000227243800005 ER PT J AU Lopes, SA Teixeira, DC Fernandes, NG Ayres, AJ Torres, SCZ Barbosa, JC AF Lopes, SA Teixeira, DC Fernandes, NG Ayres, AJ Torres, SCZ Barbosa, JC TI An experimental inoculation system to study citrus-Xylella fastidiosa interactions SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PLUM LEAF SCALD; SWEET ORANGE; VARIEGATED CHLOROSIS; BACTERIA; DISEASE; STRAIN; PEACH AB Difficulties in reproducing the citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) disease symptoms in expertmental plants have delayed implementation of studies to better understand the essential aspects of this important disease. In an extensive Study, cultivars of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) were inoculated with Xylella fastidiosa using procedures that included root immersion, and stein absorption, pricking, or infiltration of the inoculum into plants of different ages. Inoculum consisted of 5-day-old cultures or cell suspensions of CVC strain 9a5c diluted in phosphate-buffered saline. Inoculated plants and controls were grown, or transferred just after inoculation, to 5-liter pots or 72-cell foam trays. Approximately 4, 5, 9, and 12 months after inoculation, leaves were collected and processed for polymerase chain reaction analysis or X. fastidiosa isolation on BCYE agar medium. Root immersion and stem inoculation of 4- and 6-month-old plants resulted in low percentages of symptomatic (0 to 7%) and plants positive by isolation (0 to 9%). Pinpricked or injected stems of I-month-old seedlings resulted in high percentages of plants symptomatic (29 and 90% in Pera Rio, 75, 59, and 83% in Valencia, and 77% in Natal) or positive by isolation (26 and 93% in Pera Rio, 98, 96, and 83% in Valencia, and 77% in Natal), In foam trays, the seedlings grew less, the incubation period was shorter. and disease severity was higher than in pots. This system allows testing of higher numbers of plants in a reduced space with a more precise reproduction of the experimental conditions. C1 FUNECITRUS, BR-14801970 Araraquara, SP, Brazil. UNAERP, BR-14096380 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. UNESP, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lopes, SA (reprint author), FUNECITRUS, BR-14801970 Araraquara, SP, Brazil. EM slopes@fundecitrus.com.br RI BARBOSA, JOSE CARLOS/L-9342-2013; Teixeira, Diva/N-1394-2013; Lopes, Silvio/L-8100-2016; Teixeira, Diva/R-6629-2016 OI Teixeira, Diva/0000-0002-5801-8049 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 89 IS 3 BP 250 EP 254 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0250 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 900WA UT WOS:000227243800006 ER PT J AU Kleinschmidt, CE Clements, MJ Maragos, CM Pataky, JK White, DG AF Kleinschmidt, CE Clements, MJ Maragos, CM Pataky, JK White, DG TI Evaluation of food-grade dent corn hybrids for severity of fusarium ear rot and fumonisin accumulation in grain SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE maize ID ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; HYDROLYSIS PRODUCT; HUMAN FOODSTUFFS; MONILIFORME; B-1; MYCOTOXINS; CONTAMINATION; PROLIFERATUM; RESISTANCE; INFECTION AB Fumonisins produced by Fusarium verticiffloides (syn = F moniliforine) and F proliferatuin have been associated with potentially serious toxicoses of animals and humans. Thus, hybrids with low fumonisin accumulation in grain will be valuable for the production of corn-based human food products. We evaluated 68 food-grade dent corn hybrids for severity of Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin accumulation in grain in inoculated trials in Urbana, IL in 2000 and 2001. Our inoculation technique was successful in initiating funionisin accumulation that allowed discrimination among hybrids. We identified several hybrids that could have acceptable levels (<4 Pg/g) of fumonisin accumulation in Illinois in most years. Twenty-six hybrids with low or high fumonisin accumulation in 2000 were reevaluated in noninoculated trials at three locations in Illinois in 2001. Fumonisin concentration in grain at all three locations was relatively low; thus, separation of hybrids was poor. At two locations, those hybrids with the highest fumonisin concentration in grain also had high concentrations following inoculation. However, one hybrid that had relatively low fumonisin concentration following inoculation had unacceptable levels of funionisin (5 mug/g) in natural conditions. Therefore, hybrids need to be evaluated by inoculation and further evaluated at locations where the environment favors furnonisin accumulation. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP White, DG (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM donwhite@guiuc.edu NR 44 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 89 IS 3 BP 291 EP 297 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0291 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 900WA UT WOS:000227243800012 ER PT J AU Anikster, Y Manisterski, J Leonard, KJ AF Anikster, Y Manisterski, J Leonard, KJ TI Resistance to leaf rust, stripe rust, and stem rust in Aegilops spp. in Israel SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE wild wheat ID CONFERRING RESISTANCE; PUCCINIA-TRITICINA; SPELTOIDES; WHEAT; GENES; AESTIVUM AB In all, 1.323 single plant accessions of Aegilops bicornis, A. kotschyi, A. longissima, A. ovata, A. searsii, A. sharonensis, A. speltoides, and A. variabilis collected from 18 regions in Israel and 2 adjacent regions in Lebanon and Egypt were evaluated for leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) and stripe rust (P. striiformis) resistance in field plots and for seedling resistance to leaf rust and stem rust (P. graminis f. sp. tritici) in greenhouse tests. Nearly all accessions of A. speltoides were highly resistant to leaf rust. stripe rust, and stem rust. A. longissinia and A. ovata were highly resistant to stripe rust, whereas A. bicornis and A. kotschyi were highly susceptible. A. searsii was highly susceptible to stem rust, but 24 to 51 % of accessions of A. bicornis, A. longissinia, A. ovata, and A. variabilis were resistant to stem rust. Except for A. ovata and A. speltoides, more than 95 % of the Aegilops accessions were susceptible to leaf rust caused by P. recondita alternating on Anchusa spp. Only Aegilops ovata was susceptible to P recondita from Echium spp. A. bicornis. A. koschyi, and A. searsii were highly susceptible as seedlings to common wheat leaf rust caused by P. triticina. Most accessions of A. variabilis and about half of the accessions of A. longissima had good seedling resistance to P. triticina. Few accessions of A. ovata showed seedling resistance to the P. triticina population in Israel, but 30 % were resistant to U.S. isolates. In field tests. A. bicornis showed high susceptibility to common wheat leaf rust, but more than 90 % of the accessions of the other Aegilops spp. developed little or no leaf rust on adult plants. The Aegilops spp. in Israel and adjoining countries provide a rich and varied source of rust resistance for wheat breeding. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Inst Cereal Crops Improvement, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. Univ Minnesota, Cereal Dis Lab, USDA, Agr Res Serv, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Leonard, KJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM kurtl@umn.edu NR 28 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 89 IS 3 BP 303 EP 308 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0303 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 900WA UT WOS:000227243800014 ER PT J AU Gabler, FM Smilanick, JL Ghosoph, JM Margosan, DA AF Gabler, FM Smilanick, JL Ghosoph, JM Margosan, DA TI Impact of postharvest hot water or ethanol treatment of table grapes on gray mold incidence, quality, and ethanol content SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; HEAT-TREATMENT; DECAY; EXPOSURE; BICARBONATE; PERSISTENCE; NECTARINES; CALIFORNIA; SURVIVAL AB The influence of brief immersion of grape berries in water or ethanol at ambient or higher temperatures on the postharvest incidence of gray mold (caused by Botrytis cinerea) was evaluated. The incidence of gray mold among grape berries that were untreated, or immersed for I min in ethanol (35 % vol/vol) at 25 or 50degreesC, was 78.7, 26.2, and 3.4 berries/kg, respectively, after I month of storage at 0.5degreesC and 2 days at 25degreesC. Heated ethanol was effective up to 24 h after inoculation, but less effective when berry pedicels were removed before inoculation. Rachis appearance, epicuticular wax content and appearance, and berry shatter were unchanged by heated ethanol treatments, whereas berry color changed slightly and treated grape berries were more susceptible to subsequent infection. Ethanol and acetaldehyde contents of grape berries were determined 1,7, and 14 days after storage at 0.5degreesC following treatment for 30 or 90 s at 30, 40, or 50degreesC with water, or 35 % ethanol. Highest residues (377 mug/g of ethanol and 13.3 mug/g of acetaldehyde) were in berries immersed for 90 s at 50degreesC in ethanol. Among ethanol-treated grape berries. the ethanol content declined during storage, whereas acetaldehyde content was unchanged or increased. Untreated grape berries initially contained ethanol at 62 mug/g, which then declined. Acetaldehyde content was 0.6 mug/g initially and changed little during storage. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Inst Adriat Crops, Split, Croatia. RP Gabler, FM (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM fgabler@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 89 IS 3 BP 309 EP 316 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0309 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 900WA UT WOS:000227243800015 ER PT J AU Wintermantel, WM AF Wintermantel, WM TI Co-infection of beet mosaic virus with beet yellowing viruses leads to increased symptom expression on sugar beet SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE closterovirus; polerovirus; potyvirus; resistance; synergism ID MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; PARENTAL LINE; PHLOEM; PLANTS; CLOSTEROVIRUS; POTYVIRUS; LUTEOVIRUSES; REGISTRATION; EVOLUTION; RNA AB Three distinct aphid-transmitted viruses associated with a yellowing disease on sugar beet were examined in single and mixed infections for the effects of virus interactions on plant weight, rate of symptom development, and virus concentration. Sugar beet lines exhibiting different degrees of susceptibility to the virus yellows complex were inoculated with either one, two, or all three viruses. Severe stunting, as measured by fresh plant biomass, was observed with mixed infections with Beet yellows virus (BYV) and Beet mosaic virus (BtMV), compared to single infections of these viruses. In addition, the overall rate of appearance of Beet western yellows virus (BWYV) symptoms increased during co-infection with BtMV. Synergistic effects on stunting severity, as measured by plant biomass, were more pronounced in susceptible beet lines, but similar patterns also were observed in lines exhibiting tolerance to virus yellows. Relative concentrations of viruses were compared among single and mixed infections using dot-blot hybridization with virus specific probes, and quantified by phosphorimage analysis. Titers of all three viruses increased as a result of co-infection compared with single infections. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Wintermantel, WM (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM wwintermantel@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 89 IS 3 BP 325 EP 331 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0325 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 900WA UT WOS:000227243800017 ER PT J AU Urbanaviciene, L Jomantiene, R Davis, RE AF Urbanaviciene, L Jomantiene, R Davis, RE TI First report of barley as host of a phytoplasma belonging to group 16SrI, subgroup B, and ribosornal protein subgroup rpI-B in Lithuania. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA C1 Inst Bot, Fitovirus Lab, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania. USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Urbanaviciene, L (reprint author), Inst Bot, Fitovirus Lab, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 89 IS 3 BP 339 EP 339 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0339A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 900WA UT WOS:000227243800022 ER PT J AU Rosskopf, EN Yandoc, CB Stange, B Lamb, EM Mitchell, DJ AF Rosskopf, EN Yandoc, CB Stange, B Lamb, EM Mitchell, DJ TI First report of Pythium root rot of rau ram (Polygonum odoratum). SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 ARS, USDA, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL USA. Univ Florida, IRECC, Ft Pierce, FL USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Rosskopf, EN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 89 IS 3 BP 340 EP 340 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0340A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 900WA UT WOS:000227243800025 ER PT J AU North, M Oakley, B Fiegener, R Gray, A Barbour, M AF North, M Oakley, B Fiegener, R Gray, A Barbour, M TI Influence of light and soil moisture on Sierran mixed-conifer understory communities SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California; NMS ordination; patch; plant community; Teakettle Experimental Forest; understory diversity ID PLANT-SPECIES DIVERSITY; WEATHERED BEDROCK; NEVADA ECOTONE; FOREST; PATTERNS; CALIFORNIA; VEGETATION; RICHNESS; CLIMATE; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Sierra Nevada forests have high understory species richness yet we do not know which site factors influence herb and shrub distribution or abundance. We examined the understory of an old-growth mixed-conifer Sierran forest and its distribution in relation to microsite conditions. The forest has high species richness (98 species sampled), most of which are herbs with sparse cover and relatively equal abundance. Shrub cover is highly concentrated in discrete patches. Using overstory tree cover and microsite environmental conditions, four habitats were identified; tree cluster, partial canopy, gap, and rock/shallow soil. Herb and shrub species were strongly linked with habitats. Soil moisture, litter depth and diffuse light were the most significant environmental gradients influencing understory plant distribution. Herb cover was most strongly influenced by soil moisture. Shrub cover is associated with more diffuse light, less direct light, and sites with lower soil moisture. Herb richness is most affected by conditions which influence soil moisture. Richness is positively correlated with litter depth, and negatively correlated with direct light and shrub cover. Disturbance or management practices which change forest floor conditions, shallow soil moisture and direct light are likely to have the strongest effect on Sierran understory abundance and richness. C1 Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, PSW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP North, M (reprint author), Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, PSW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mpnorth@ucdavis.edu NR 51 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 177 IS 1 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1007/s11258-005-2270-3 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 936XL UT WOS:000229888700002 ER PT J AU Lee, M Martin, MN Hudson, AO Lee, J Muhitch, MJ Leustek, T AF Lee, M Martin, MN Hudson, AO Lee, J Muhitch, MJ Leustek, T TI Methionine and threonine synthesis are limited by homoserine availability and not the activity of homoserine kinase in Arabidopsis thaliana SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE homoserine; phosphohomoserine; methionine; threonine; homoserine kinase; cystahionine gamma-synthase; theronine synthase ID CYSTATHIONINE GAMMA-SYNTHASE; DESENSITIZED ASPARTATE KINASE; TRANSGENIC POTATO PLANTS; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SOLUBLE METHIONINE; SERINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE; ATP SULFURYLASE; GREEN PLANTS; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Homoserine kinase (HSK) produces O-phospho-L-homoserine (HserP) used by cystathionine gamma-synthase (CGS) for Met synthesis and threonine synthase (TS) for Thr synthesis. The effects of overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana HSK, CGS, and Escherichia coli TS (eTS), each controlled by the 35S promoter, were compared. The results indicate that in Arabidopsis Hser supply is the major factor limiting the synthesis of HserP, Met and Thr. HSK is not limiting and CGS or TS control the partitioning of HserP. HSK overexpression had no effect on the level of soluble HserP, Met or Thr, however, when treated with Hser these plants produced far more HserP than wild type. Met and Thr also accumulated markedly after Hser treatment but the increase was similar in HSK overexpressing and wild-type plants. CGS overexpression was previously shown to increase Met content, but had no effect on Thr. After Hser treatment Met accumulation increased in CGS-overexpressing plants compared with wild type, whereas HserP declined and Thr was unaffected. Arabidopsis responded differentially to eTS expression depending on the level of the enzyme. At the highest eTS level the Thr content was not increased, but the phenotype was negatively affected and the T1 plants died before reproducing. Comparatively low eTS did not affect phenotype or Thr/Met level, however after Hser treatment HserP and Met accumulation were reduced compared with wild type and Thr was increased slightly. At intermediate eTS activity seedling growth was retarded unless Met was supplied and CGS expression was induced, indicating that eTS limited HserP availability for Met synthesis. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Biotechnol Ctr Agr & Environm, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Leustek, T (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Biotechnol Ctr Agr & Environm, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM leustek@rutgers.edu NR 44 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 41 IS 5 BP 685 EP 696 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02329.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 896EM UT WOS:000226917400004 PM 15703056 ER PT J AU Liu, FL VanToai, T Moy, LP Bock, G Linford, LD Quackenbush, J AF Liu, FL VanToai, T Moy, LP Bock, G Linford, LD Quackenbush, J TI Global transcription profiling reveals comprehensive insights into hypoxic response in Arabidopsis SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE GENE; ENHANCES FREEZING TOLERANCE; BOX BINDING-FACTORS; MICROARRAY DATA; LOW-OXYGEN; ABSCISIC-ACID; ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; AERENCHYMA FORMATION; MAIZE SEEDLINGS; ROOT CULTURES AB Plants have evolved adaptation mechanisms to sense oxygen deficiency in their environments and make coordinated physiological and structural adjustments to enhance their hypoxic tolerance. To gain insight into how plants respond to low-oxygen stress, gene expression profiling using whole-genome DNA amplicon microarrays was carried out at seven time points over 24 h, in wild-type and transgenic P-SAG12:ipt Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Transcript levels of genes involved in glycolysis and fermentation pathways, ethylene synthesis and perception, calcium signaling, nitrogen utilization, trehalose metabolism, and alkaloid synthesis were significantly altered in response to oxygen limitation. Analysis based on gene ontology assignments suggested a significant down-regulation of genes whose functions are associated with cell walls, nucleosome structures, water channels, and ion transporters and a significant up-regulation of genes involved in transcriptional regulation, protein kinase activity, and auxin responses under conditions of oxygen shortage. Promoter analysis on a cluster of up-regulated genes revealed a significant overrepresentation of the AtMYB2-binding motif (GT motif), a sugar response element-like motif, and a G-box-related sequence, and also identified several putative anaerobic response elements. Finally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions using 29 selected genes independently verified the microarray results. This study represents one of the most comprehensive analyses conducted to date investigating hypoxia-responsive transcriptional networks in plants. C1 Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USDA, ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Biochem, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Quackenbush, J (reprint author), Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM johnq@tigr.org NR 70 TC 168 Z9 180 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 137 IS 3 BP 1115 EP 1129 DI 10.1104/pp.104.055475 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 910UH UT WOS:000227957200033 PM 15734912 ER PT J AU Doss, RP AF Doss, RP TI Treatment of pea pods with Bruchin B results in up-regulation of a gene similar to MtN19 SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bruchin; differential display; gene expression; insect elicitor; MtN19; Pisum sativum ID PROTEINASE-INHIBITORS; IDENTIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; EXPRESSION; RNA AB Differential display was used to examine changes in gene expression that resulted from treatment of pea (Pisum sativum L.) with Bruchin B. This lipid-derived regulator. one of several closely related compounds collectively referred to as bruchins, is tin insect elicitor that causes localized cell division and callus formation when applied to pods of pea and certain other legumes. A DNA fragment that was prominently displayed after bruchin treatment was cloned and sequenced, and a full-length cDNA was obtained. This cDNA exhibited a high degree of sequence similarity to a gene, MtN19, expressed in root nodules of Medicago truncatulo Gaertn. MtN19 codes for a putative protein of unknown function that is similar in sequence to predicted proteins from a number of other plant species, both leguminous and non-leguminous. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the expression of this MtN19-like gene was significantly up-regulated within 1.5 h of bruchin treatment, and increased more than 100-fold within 6 11 of treatment. Given the rapid and strong up-regulation after exposure of pods to a bruchin, it is likely that this gene plays an important role in the response of pea to these insect elicitors. © 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Doss, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM dossr@science.oregonstate.edu NR 25 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 11 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3 BP 225 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.plaphy.2005.01.016 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 923VN UT WOS:000228937600003 PM 15854830 ER PT J AU Tobias, CM Chow, EK AF Tobias, CM Chow, EK TI Structure of the cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase gene family in rice and promoter activity of a member associated with lignification SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE brown midrib; cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase; lignin; nipponbare; Oryza sativa; promoter ID PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DOWN-REGULATION; POLYUBIQUITIN GENES; LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS; EXPRESSION PATTERN; LOBLOLLY-PINE; SATIVA L.; DIGESTIBILITY; EVOLUTION AB Analysis of lignification in rice has been facilitated by the availability of the recently completed rice genome sequence, and rice will serve as an important model for understanding the relationship of grass lignin composition to cell wall digestibility. Cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) is an enzyme important in lignin biosynthesis. The rice genome contains 12 distinct genes present at nine different loci that encode products with significant similarity to CAD. The rice gene family is diverse with respect to other angiosperm and gymnosperm CAD genes isolated to date and includes one member (OsCAD6) that contains a peroxisomal targeting signal and is substantially diverged relative to other family members. Four closely related family members (OsCAD8A-D) are present at the same locus and represent the product of a localized gene duplication and inversion. Promoter-reporter gene fusions to OsCAD2, an orthologue of the CAD gene present at the bm1 (brown midrib 1) locus of maize, reveal that in rice expression is associated with vascular tissue in aerial parts of the plant and is correlated with the onset of lignification. In root tissue, expression is primarily in the cortical parenchyma adjacent to the exodermis and in vascular tissue. C1 ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Tobias, CM (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ctobias@pw.usda.gov RI Tobias, Christian/B-6602-2009 OI Tobias, Christian/0000-0002-7881-750X NR 53 TC 45 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD MAR PY 2005 VL 220 IS 5 BP 678 EP 688 DI 10.1007/s00425-004-1385-4 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 903QY UT WOS:000227441900004 PM 15452707 ER PT J AU Kim, WS Kim, J Krishnan, HB Nahm, BH AF Kim, WS Kim, J Krishnan, HB Nahm, BH TI Expression of Escherichia coli branching enzyme in caryopses of transgenic rice results in amylopectin with an increased degree of branching SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE amylopectin; branching degree; starch-branching enzyme; Oryza ID GENE-EXPRESSION; 1ST INTRON; STARCH; PLANTS; RETROGRADATION; ENHANCEMENT; ENDOSPERM; LEVEL; CELLS; LEADS AB Physiochemical properties of starch are dependent on several factors including the relative abundance of amylose and amylopectin, and the degree of branching of amylopectin. Utilizing Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, a construct containing the coding region of branching enzyme of Escherichia coli, under transcriptional control of the rice (Oryza sativa L.) starch-branching enzyme promoter was introduced into rice cv. Nakdong. To enhance glgB expression, the first intron of rice starch-branching enzyme and the matrix attachment region (MAR) sequence from chicken lysozyme were included in the expression vector. Eleven independent transgenic rice plants were generated. Southern blot analysis indicated that the copy number of glgB integrated into transgenic rice varied from one to five. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of starch from transgenic lines revealed that amylopectin from transgenic lines exhibited greater branching than that of non-transgenic rice. The A/B1 ratio in amylopectin increased from 1.3 to 2.3 and the total branching ratio, A+B1/B-rest, increased from 6 to 12 in transgenic rice. The observed increase in the short-chain fractions with a degree of polymerization between 6 and 10 is expected to have a significant effect on retrogradation. Our study demonstrates that amylopectin branching can be altered in vivo, thus changing the physicochemical properties of starch. C1 Myongji Univ, Dept Biosci & Bioinformat, Yongin 449728, South Korea. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Nahm, BH (reprint author), Myongji Univ, Dept Biosci & Bioinformat, Yongin 449728, South Korea. EM bhnahm@mju.ac.kr NR 33 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD MAR PY 2005 VL 220 IS 5 BP 689 EP 695 DI 10.1007/s00425-004-1386-3 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 903QY UT WOS:000227441900005 PM 15517356 ER PT J AU Davis, RE Dally, EL Jomantiene, R Zhao, Y Roe, B Line, SP Shao, J AF Davis, RE Dally, EL Jomantiene, R Zhao, Y Roe, B Line, SP Shao, J TI Cryptic plasmid pSKU146 from the wall-less plant pathogen Spiroplasma kunkelii encodes an adhesin and components of a type IV translocation-related conjugation system SO PLASMID LA English DT Article DE virulence; mobilization; conjugation; pathogenicity; vir domain ID CORN STUNT DISEASE; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECALIS; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACIDS; LACTOCOCCUS-LACTIS; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; ELEMENT; REGION; CITRI; CLASSIFICATION AB A cryptic plasmid of the wall-less plant pathogenic mollicute, Spiroplasma kunkelii CR2-3X, was cloned and its sequence analyzed. The 14,615 bp plasmid, designated pSKU146, has a nucleotide content of 28 mol% G + C, and contains 18 potential protein-coding regions (open reading frames, ORFs), of which six encode proteins that exhibit similarity to virulence-associated proteins involved in cell-to-cell adhesion or conjugal DNA transfer. One ORF encodes a 96 kDa protein, SkARP1, that is highly similar to SARP1 adhesin involved in attachment of Spiroplasma citri to insect vector gut membrane. Five ORFs encode proteins similar to TraE and Mob in walled bacteria, and to ORFs found in the integrative, conjugative element (ICEF) of Mycoplasma fermentans, respectively. Presence of domains similar to proteins of the Type IV secretion system in pathogenic bacteria suggests that spiroplasma possesses a related translocation system. Plasmid pSKU146 also contains two identical oriT regions each containing a nick sequence characteristic of the IncP conjugative plasmid family, as well as a 58 bp palindromic sequence, palSK1. Features in pSKU146 suggest that the plasmid functions as a mobile genetic element in conjugative transmission of spiroplasma pathogenicity-related genes. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Inst Bot, Fitovirus Lab, Microbial Mol Biol Grp, LT-2021 Vilnius, Lithuania. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Chem & Biochem, Adv Ctr Genome Technol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM davisr@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-619X J9 PLASMID JI Plasmid PD MAR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 2 BP 179 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.plasmid.2004.09.002 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA 906XZ UT WOS:000227679600008 PM 15737404 ER PT J AU Donalson, LM Kim, WK Woodward, CL Herrera, P Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Donalson, LM Kim, WK Woodward, CL Herrera, P Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC TI Utilizing different ratios of alfalfa and layer ration for molt induction and performance in commercial laying hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE molting; egg quality; alfalfa; egg production; laying hen ID POSTMOLT EGG-PRODUCTION; WHITE LEGHORN HENS; LIGHTING PROGRAM; CAGED LAYERS; JOJOBA MEAL; FEED; NUTRITION; QUALITY; ZINC; PARAMETERS AB Molting is a common practice used by the commercial egg industry to rejuvenate flocks for a second or third laying cycle. During this time the hens rest from production, and the reproductive organs are rejuvenated to increase production and quality during the next laying cycle. Although feed withdrawal (FW) is the most popular and effective method of molt induction, it has come under scrutiny due to food safety issues and animal welfare issues. This study involved feeding alfalfa mixed with layer ration at different ratios to hens to determine their ability to induce molt. The treatment ratios were 100% alfalfa (A100), 90% alfalfa and 10% layer ration (A90), and 70% alfalfa and 30% layer ration (A70). In addition, a fully fed (FF) nonmolted control and a FW negative control were used. Alfalfa is an insoluble, high fiber feed-stuff with low metabolizable energy. Egg production for A90 and FW treatments ceased completely by d 6, whereas birds fed A100 and A70 ceased egg production by d 8. Ovary and oviduct weight of hens fed all molting diets decreased (P<0.05) by an average of 1.5 to 2.5% (BW basis) compared with FF control during the 9-d molt induction period. As the percentage of layer ration increased, feed intake also increased and percentage of BW loss decreased during the 9-d molt induction period. Hens molted by FW lost an average of 25.8% BW, whereas A70 hens lost 18.9% BW. Nonmolted hens (FF) and A70 treatment hens had significantly lower (P<0.05) egg production when compared with all other treatments over the 39-wk postmolt period. FF treatment hens also had lower (P<0.05) albumen heights when compared with all other treatments. From these results, alfalfa or alfalfa mixed with layer ration appears to be viable alternatives to conventional FW methods for the successful induction of molt and retention of postmolt performance. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM sricke@poultry.tamu.edu NR 37 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 84 IS 3 BP 362 EP 369 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 898ZA UT WOS:000227113500002 PM 15782903 ER PT J AU Bourassa, DV Fletcher, DL Buhr, RJ Cason, JA Berrang, ME AF Bourassa, DV Fletcher, DL Buhr, RJ Cason, JA Berrang, ME TI Recovery of salmonellae following pH adjusted pre-enrichment of broiler carcasses treated with trisodium phosphate SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pH; salmonella; trisodiurn phosphate; whole carcass enrichment ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; CHICKEN CARCASSES; SAMPLING METHODS; TYPHIMURIUM; SKIN; DESTRUCTION; ENTERITIDIS AB Trisodium phosphate (TSP) has been reported to decrease the recovery of salmonellae from processed poultry carcasses. It has been suggested that the high pH and detergent-like properties of TSP solutions are responsible for the reduction in salmonellae recovery. This project was conducted to determine if controlling pH during salmonellae pre-enrichment alters the effect of TSP on salmonellae recovery. Carcasses were obtained from a commercial processing plant immediately after the final inside-outside carcass washer, prior to any other antimicrobial treatments, and before chilling. Carcasses were assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: 1) TSP and alkaline pre-enrichment, 2) TSP and neutral pre-enrichment, 3) non-TSP and alkaline pre-enrichment, 4) non-TSP and neutral pre-enrichment. Carcasses were placed into plastic bags with 500 mL of buffered peptone water (with or without pH adjustment) and shaken for 1 min. Preincubation pH of the rinsate was measured. Carcasses were incubated in the rinse at 37degreesC for 24 h, and incidence of salmonellae was determined. The pH of the preincubation rinsate was 8.4 for the TSP alkaline pre-enrichment, 7.2 for the TSP neutral pre-enrichment, 8.6 for the non-TSP alkaline pre-enrichment, and 7.1 for the non-TSP neutral pre-enrichment. Salmonellae were detected from 40% of the TSP alkaline pre-enrichment carcasses, 44% of the TSP neutral pre-enrichment carcasses, 54% of the non-TSP alkaline pre-enrichment carcasses, and 38% of the non-TSP neutral pre-enrichment carcasses. Neither TSP treatment nor pre-enrichment pH adjustment significantly influenced carcass salmonellae detection. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Fletcher, DL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM fletcher@uga.edu NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 84 IS 3 BP 475 EP 478 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 898ZA UT WOS:000227113500016 PM 15782917 ER PT J AU Roush, WB Branton, SL AF Roush, WB Branton, SL TI A comparison of fitting growth models with a genetic algorithm and nonlinear regression SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler; growth equation; genetic algorithm; regression analysis; mathematical model ID CURVES AB A genetic algorithm (GA), an optimization procedure based on the theory of evolution, was compared with nonlinear regression for the ability of the 2 algorithms to fit the coefficients of poultry growth models. It was hypothesized that the nonlinear approach of using GA to define the parameters of growth equations would better fit the growth equations than the use of nonlinear regression. Two sets of growth data from the literature, consisting of male broiler BW grown for 168 and 170 d, were used in the study. The growth data were fit to 2 forms of the logistic model, the Gompertz, the Gompertz-Laird, and the saturated kinetic models using the SAS nonlinear algorithm (NLIN) procedure and a GA. There were no statistical differences for the comparison of the residuals (the difference between observed and predicted BWs) of growth models fit by a GA or nonlinear regression. The plotted residuals for the nonlinear regression and GA-determined growth values confirmed observations of others that the residuals have oscillations resembling sine waves that are not represented by the growth models. It was found that GA could successfully determine the coefficients of growth equations. A disadvantage of slowness in converging to the solution was found for the GA. The advantage of GA over traditional nonlinear regression is that only ranges need be specified for the parameters of the growth equations, whereas estimates of the coefficients need to be determined, and in some programs the derivatives of the growth equations need to be identified. Depending on the goal of the research, solving multivariable complex functions with an algorithm that considers several solutions at the same time in an evolutionary mode can be considered an advantage especially where there is a chance for the solution to converge on a local optimum when a global optimum is desired. It was concluded that the fitting of the growth equations was not so much a problem with the fitting methodology as it is with the form of the equation. C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Roush, WB (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM broush@msamsstate.ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 84 IS 3 BP 494 EP 502 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 898ZA UT WOS:000227113500020 PM 15782921 ER PT J AU Vavra, M AF Vavra, M TI Livestock grazing and wildlife: Developing compatibilities SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cattle; facilitation; herbivory; deer; elk ID BIG GAME; WINTER RANGE; QUALITY; FORAGE; CATTLE; DEFOLIATION; UNGULATE; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS; QUANTITY AB Livestock grazing has been considered detrimental to wildlife habitat. Managed grazing programs, however, have the potential to maintain habitat diversity and quality. In cases in which single-species management predominates (sage-grouse [Centrocercus uropbasianus] or elk [Cervus elaphus nelsoni] winter range), grazing systems specific to species' needs can be implemented. Managed livestock grazing can have 4 general impacts on vegetation: 1) alter the composition of the plant community, 2) increase the productivity of selected species, 3) increase the nutritive quality of the forage, and 4) increase the diversity of the habitat by altering its structure. Implementing a grazing management plan to enhance wildlife habitat requires an interdisciplinary approach. Knowledge of plant community dynamics, habitat requirements of affected wildlife species, and potential effects on the livestock used are basic to successful system design. However, any habitat change made for a featured species may create adverse, neutral, or beneficial changes for other species. Management actions, other than development of a grazing system, are often required for habitat manipulations to be successful. More research efforts are needed to understand complementary grazing systems on a landscape scale. C1 Forest Serv, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, PNW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Vavra, M (reprint author), Forest Serv, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, PNW Res Stn, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM mvavra@fs.fed.us NR 49 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 41 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 58 IS 2 BP 128 EP 134 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2005)58<128:LGAWDC>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 923IA UT WOS:000228902400004 ER PT J AU Haferkamp, MR MacNeil, MD Grings, EE AF Haferkamp, MR MacNeil, MD Grings, EE TI Predicting nitrogen content in the northern mixed-grass prairie SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Northern Great Plains; grazing; forage nutritive quality; rangelands; Montana ID GREAT-PLAINS; MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT; FORAGE; QUALITY; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS; RANGE AB Forage quality and quantity are important factors affecting livestock production from grazing lands. "Greenness" has been proposed as an indicator of herbage quality in semiarid environments, particularly nitrogen (N) content. The objective of this study was to assess the potential of estimating N content of forage using dead:green ratios and accumulated growing-degree-days (AGDD). Standing crop samples were collected April through October over 3 years from each of 3 replicated grazing regimes on a silty range site in eastern Montana. Samples were sorted into live, current dead, and old dead components, then dried, ground, and analyzed for N content. The AGDD for base temperature 45&DEG; F (7.2&DEG; C) was calculated from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) reported monthly average temperatures for Miles City. An equation to predict percent N in the total standing crop from percent dead forage and AGDD was developed using multiple linear regression. This equation accounted for 75.9% of variation in percent N, and prediction error variance was 0.026. To validate this equation, data were obtained from samples collected from April through September in an independent study of 8 areas oil silty and clay-pan range sites grazed during autumn and winter. Samples from these sites were treated and analyzed in the same manner as those used to develop the equation. The developed equation was used to predict percent N for the validation data. The resulting correlation between predicted and actual values was 0.79. The regression coefficient for actual values on predicted values was 0.995 &PLUSMN; 0.125. The intercept did not differ from 0.0 (P = 0.22), and prediction error variance was 0.042. This equation has utility for Predicting N level of forage from Northern Great Plains rangelands. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Haferkamp, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM marshall@larrl.ars.usda.gov RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 58 IS 2 BP 155 EP 160 DI 10.2111/04-01.1 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 923IA UT WOS:000228902400007 ER PT J AU Stacy, MD Perryman, BL Stahl, PD Smith, MA AF Stacy, MD Perryman, BL Stahl, PD Smith, MA TI Brome control and microbial inoculation effects in reclaimed cool-season grasslands SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cool-season grasses; grazing; prescribed fire; microbial biomass; mycorrhizae ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; SOIL; CALIBRATION; INFECTION; DISPERSAL AB Introduction and subsequent invasion of smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.) into native cool- and warm-season grassland communities has become problematic where presence of native species is important or mandated. The objectives of this study were to examine the efficacy of burning, grazing, and herbicide to reduce smooth brome production and cover while minimizing coincident detrimental effects on cool-season grasses in a reclaimed surface coal mine site. Concurrently, the project also investigated effects of microbial inoculation on respread topsoil subjected to long-term storage and associated effects on seeded cool-season grasses subjected to brome control treatments. Results indicated that grazing and burning were most effective after 2 years of treatment. Smooth brome biomass was lowest in reburned cells (mean +/- SE, 189 +/- 77 kg-ha(-1)) followed by regrazed (294 +/- 129) compared to untreated cells (824 +/- 42) (P < 0.0001). Native grass production was highest in grazed cells (141 67 kg-ha(-1)) followed by burning (104 +/- 41), herbicide (72 +/- 30), and untreated (30 +/- 27). Foliar cover response patterns were similar. Inoculation had little effect on microbial biomass and mycorrhizal infection. Retreated cells did show differences among months (P = 0.013) in 2000, and microbial carbon ranged from 0.07 +/- 0.01 mg/g in June to 0.12 +/- 0.01 in July and 0.12 +/- 0.01 in August, averaged across treatments. Root infection decreased as soil moisture declined. Results indicate grazing offers the greatest potential for controlling smooth brome without harming native, seeded grasses on reclaimed lands in northern mixed-prarie communities, and inoculation was unnecessary for enhancing seeded, cool-season grass growth. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Anim Biotechnol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. USDA, NRCS, Price, UT 84501 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Perryman, BL (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Anim Biotechnol, MS202, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM bperryman@cabnr.unr.edu NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 18 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 58 IS 2 BP 161 EP 166 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 923IA UT WOS:000228902400008 ER PT J AU Wilhelm, W AF Wilhelm, W TI Editorial response by Wallace Wilhelm: Some thoughts on perennial grains and polycultures SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Nebraska, Soil & Water Conservat Res Unit, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Wilhelm, W (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Soil & Water Conservat Res Unit, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM wwilhelm1@unl.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 20 IS 1 BP 2 EP 3 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 931DY UT WOS:000229467200002 ER PT J AU Pezeshki, SR Brown, CE Elcan, JM Shields, FD AF Pezeshki, SR Brown, CE Elcan, JM Shields, FD TI Responses of nondormant black willow (Salix nigra) cuttings to preplanting soaking and soil moisture SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE erosion control; riparian restoration; Salix nigra; soaking; soil moisture; streambank stabilization ID UNIVERSAL TERMINOLOGY; STEM CUTTINGS; EARLY ROOT; GROWTH; SURVIVAL; DORMANCY AB The use of willow cuttings for streambank stabilization is a common practice in riparian ecosystems throughout the United States. Many environmental factors govern the outcome of such planting. However, other factors such as preplanting treatments, planting methods, and physiological status of cuttings (dormant vs. actively growing) may also be crucial in determining the survival of willow cuttings. Actively growing (nondormant) Black willow (Salix nigra) cuttings, 30 cm in length and 1 cm in diameter at the base, were subjected to three soaking treatments (0, 7, and 15 days) prior to planting. Following the initial treatment, cuttings were grown in a greenhouse in pots under three soil moisture regimes (well-watered but not flooded, permanently flooded, and intermittently flooded). Plant gas exchange, growth, biomass, and survival were measured. Results demonstrated that soaking for 7 days was beneficial to early development of cuttings in the well-watered (control) soil moisture regime, enhancing percent bud flush and survival significantly. However, 15 days of soaking proved to be detrimental to survival of cuttings irrespective of soil moisture regimes. Results also demonstrated that the beneficial effects of 7-day soaking were limited to the well-watered soil moisture regime but not to the flooded or intermittently flooded regimes. Soaking nondormant cuttings may be worthwhile if the planting site is likely to present ample soil moisture but nonflooded conditions to the transplanted cuttings. C1 Memphis State Univ, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Pezeshki, SR (reprint author), Memphis State Univ, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM pezeshki@memphis.edu NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 13 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2005.00001.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 902YL UT WOS:000227392500001 ER PT J AU Burgess, LM Hild, AL Shaw, NL AF Burgess, LM Hild, AL Shaw, NL TI Capsule treatments to enhance seedling emergence of Gaura neomexicana ssp coloradensis SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE endemic; germination; rare; riparian; stratification ID GERMINATION AB Management of riparian vegetation is difficult because these communities are frequently impacted by herbivores, invasive weeds, and altered hydrologic regimes. Multiple and intertwined factors affecting rare species recruitment are particularly difficult to identify. Gaura neomexicana ssp. coloradensis Munz (Gaura) is a short-lived perennial forb endemic to riparian areas in mixed-grass prairies of Wyoming, Nebraska, and Colorado, U.S.A. It became a federally listed threatened species in October 2000. Because the species is a recruitment-limited monocarpic perennial, we studied the effects of six capsule-collection dates, a 2-month cool-moist stratification, 24-hr leaching, and 24-hr imbibition on Gaura seedling emergence. Seedling emergence did not vary with collection date. Capsules collected from Gaura plants grown at the Bridger Plant Materials Center in Montana exhibited greater emergence than capsules harvested from endemic populations near Cheyenne, Wyoming, suggesting that maternal plant growing conditions impact dormancy. Because cool-moist stratification enhanced seedling emergence of Gaura and leaching did not, sufficient moisture during cool temperatures may be more critical than leaching of germination inhibitors as might occur with normal stream flows. Spring flooding may enhance Gaura recruitment by increasing the availability of riparian sites that are inundated during periods of cool temperatures. If so, hydrologic and climatic regimes must be considered in restoring the unique conditions needed for germination of this rare riparian endemic. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Hild, AL (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Box 3354, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM annhild@uwyo.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 13 IS 1 BP 8 EP 14 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2005.00002.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 902YL UT WOS:000227392500002 ER PT J AU Potthoff, M Jackson, LE Steenwerth, KL Ramirez, I Stromberg, MR Rolston, DE AF Potthoff, M Jackson, LE Steenwerth, KL Ramirez, I Stromberg, MR Rolston, DE TI Soil biological and chemical properties in restored perennial grassland in California SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon retention; CO2 emissions; grassland restoration; Nassella pulchra; soil fertility; soil microbial biomass ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS-C; EXTRACTION METHOD; FUMIGATION-EXTRACTION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ORGANIC-MATTER; NEW-ZEALAND; NITROGEN; TILLAGE; CARBON; DEGRADATION AB Restoration of California native perennial grassland is often initiated with cultivation to reduce the density and cover of non-native annual grasses before seeding with native perennials. Tillage is known to adversely impact agriculturally cultivated land; thus changes in soil biological functions, as indicated by carbon (C) turnover and C retention, may also be negatively affected by these restoration techniques. We investigated a restored perennial grassland in the fourth year after planting Nassella pulchra, Elymus glaucus, and Hordeum brachyantherum ssp. californicum for total soil C and nitrogen (N), microbial biomass C, microbial respiration, CO2 concentrations in the soil atmosphere, surface efflux of CO2, and root distribution (0- to 15-, 15- to 30-, 30- to 60-, and 60- to 80-cm depths). A comparison was made between untreated annual grassland and plots without plant cover still maintained by tillage and herbicide. In the uppermost layer (0- to 15-cm depth), total C, microbial biomass C, and respiration were lower in the tilled, bare soil than in the grassland soils, as was CO2 efflux from the soil surface. Root length near perennial bunchgrasses was lower at the surface and greater at lower depths than in the annual grass-dominated areas; a similar but less pronounced trend was observed for root biomass. Few differences in soil biological or chemical properties occurred below 15-cm depth, except that at lower depths, the CO2 concentration in the soil atmosphere was lower in the plots without vegetation, possibly from reduced production of CO2 due to the lack of root respiration. Similar microbiological properties in soil layers below 15-cm depth suggest that deeper microbiota rely on more recalcitrant C sources and are less affected by plant removal than in the surface layer, even after 6 years. Without primary production, restoration procedures with extended periods of tillage and herbicide applications led to net losses of C during the plant-free periods. However, at 4 years after planting native grasses, soil microbial biomass and activity were nearly the same as the former conditions represented by annual grassland, suggesting high resilience to the temporary disturbance caused by tillage. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, CPGRU, ARS,USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif, Hastings Nat Hist Reservat, Carmel Valley, CA 93924 USA. RP Potthoff, M (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Soil Sci & Forest Nutr, Busgenweg 2, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM mpottho1@gwdg.de RI Jackson, Louise/A-3562-2010 NR 56 TC 37 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 13 IS 1 BP 61 EP 73 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2005.00008.x PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 902YL UT WOS:000227392500008 ER PT J AU Landaeta-Hernandez, AJ Chenoweth, PJ Randles, R Littell, R Rae, O Chase, CC AF Landaeta-Hernandez, AJ Chenoweth, PJ Randles, R Littell, R Rae, O Chase, CC TI Identifying the social dominance order in a mixed breed herd: A practical methodology SO REVISTA CIENTIFICA-FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS LA Spanish DT Article DE cattle; behavior; social organization ID DAIRY-CATTLE; NDAMA COWS; BEHAVIOR; HEIFERS; BULLS; AGE AB The major objective of this study was to identify a simple and accurate method of assessing differences in female social status. Three methods of estimating dominance value (DV) were compared in beef cows of three breed-types; Angus (A; n=10), Brahman (B; n=10), and Senepol (S; n=10). Cows were equitably assigned to two groups of fifteen each, allocated into separate pastures and containing equal number of animals by breed. Agonistic interactions were recorded for 45 d of study, in two 1 h, periods during concentrate feeding using the method of competitive orders winner/loser. Methods of estimating DV included: I) Ratio between individuals dominated and total encountered, II) Ratio between encounters won to total encounters, III) Proportion of individuals dominated to total herdmates. Due to the different level of interactivity evidenced among animals as well as between and within social orders, method III with subsequent arc-sin transformation was considered as the most practical and accurate method for estimating DV and subsequent allocation of cows into a social dominance order. In addition, a breed effect was found on social dominance. Senepol cows obtained greater DV's (1.24 +/- 0.08) than Angus (0.97 +/- 0.08; P < 0.03) and Brahman cows (0.76 +/- 0.08; P < 0.005). C1 Univ Zulia, Fac Cs Vet, Dpt Prod & Ind Anim, Maracaibo 4011, Zulia, Venezuela. Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Stat, IFAS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dpt LACS, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. USDA ARS, STARS, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. RP Landaeta-Hernandez, AJ (reprint author), Univ Zulia, Fac Cs Vet, Dpt Prod & Ind Anim, Maracaibo 4011, Zulia, Venezuela. EM landaetaa@yahoo.es NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV ZULIA, FACULTAD CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS PI MARACAIBO PA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA, MARACAIBO, VENEZUELA SN 0798-2259 J9 REV CIENT-FAC CIEN V JI Rev. Cient.-Fac. Cienc. Vet. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 148 EP 154 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 918PW UT WOS:000228561100008 ER PT J AU Wergin, WP Erbe, EF Rango, A Foster, J Pooley, C AF Wergin, WP Erbe, EF Rango, A Foster, J Pooley, C TI Low temperature scanning electron microscopy of artificial snow SO SCANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Scanning Conference CY APR 05-07, 2005 CL Monterey, CA SP Fdn Advances Med & Sci C1 USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. New Mexico State Univ, USDA, ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Hydrol Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Wergin, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 27 IS 2 BP 63 EP 64 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 909GQ UT WOS:000227848800007 ER PT J AU Walters, C Wheeler, LM Grotenhuis, JM AF Walters, C Wheeler, LM Grotenhuis, JM TI Longevity of seeds stored in a genebank: species characteristics SO SEED SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE storage; viability; longevity; conservation genebank; Avrami; composition; evolution; genetic diversity; seed ID MOISTURE-CONTENT LIMIT; FORAGE CROP SEEDS; VIABILITY CONSTANTS; SUBFREEZING STORAGE; TEMPERATURE; KINETICS; GERMINATION; LETTUCE; DRY AB Seeds of different species are believed to have characteristic shelf lives, although data confirming this are scarce, and a mechanistic understanding of why this should be remains elusive. We have quantified storage performance of c. 42,000 seed accessions, representing 276 species, within the USDA National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) collection, as well as a smaller experiment of 207 cultivars from 42 species. Accessions from the NPGS collection were harvested between 1934 and 1975, and had relatively high initial germination percentages that decreased at a variable rate during storage at both 5 and -18 degrees C. Germination time courses, which represent the average performance of the species, were fitted to Avrami kinetics, to calculate the time at which germination characteristically declined to 50% (P50). These P50 values correlated with other longevity surveys reported in the literature for seeds stored under controlled conditions, but there was no correlation among these studies and seed persistence observed in the classic buried seed experiment by Duvel. Some plant families had characteristically short-lived (e.g. Apiaceae and Brassicaceae) or long-lived (e.g. Malvaceae and Chenopodiaceae) seeds. Also, seeds from species that originated from particular localities had characteristically short (e.g. Europe) or long (e.g. South Asia and Australia) shelf lives. However, there appeared to be no correlation between longevity and dry matter reserves, soluble carbohydrates and parameters relating to soil persistence or resource allocation. Although data from this survey support the hypothesis that some species tend to survive longer than others in a genebank environment, there is little information on the attributes of the seed that affect its storage performance. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Walters, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 So Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM chrisv@lamar.colostate.edu NR 44 TC 152 Z9 171 U1 4 U2 39 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-2585 J9 SEED SCI RES JI Seed Sci. Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1079/SSR2004195 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 908SC UT WOS:000227809500001 ER PT J AU Hanford, KJ Van Vleck, LD Snowder, GD AF Hanford, KJ Van Vleck, LD Snowder, GD TI Estimates of genetic parameters and genetic change for reproduction, weight, and wool characteristics of Rambouillet sheep SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE genetic correlation; heritability; litter size; prolificacy; weaning weight ID TARGHEE SHEEP; COLUMBIA SHEEP; SELECTION; POLYPAY; PROLIFICACY; TRAITS; GROWTH; MODEL; FLOCK AB Records were for Rambouillet sheep from data collected from 1950 to 1998 at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, Dubois, Idaho, USA. Number of observations were 44,211 for litter size at birth and litter size at weaning, 35,604 for birth weight, 34,114 for weaning weight, 39,820 for fleece weight, 39,821 for fleece grade, and 3574 for staple length. Genetic parameters from both single- and two-trait analyses for prolificacy, weight, and wool traits were estimated using REML with animal models. Direct heritability estimates from single-trait analyses were 0.09 for litter size at birth, 0.06 for litter size at weaning, 0.27 for birth weight, 0.20 for weaning weight, 0.51 for fleece weight, 0.16 for fleece grade, and 0.58 for staple length. Estimates of direct genetic correlation between litter sizes at birth and weaning was 0.76 and between birth and weaning weights was 0.60. Estimates of genetic correlation between fleece weight and staple length was positive (0.45), but negative between fleece weight and fleece grade (-0.47) and between staple length and fleece grade (-0.52). Estimates of genetic correlations were near zero between birth weight and litter size at weaning, small and positive between birth weight and litter size at birth, and moderate and positive between weaning weight and litter size traits. Fleece weight, fleece grade, and staple length were slightly but negatively correlated with both litter size traits. Estimates of correlations between weight traits and fleece weight were positive and low to moderate. Estimates of correlations between weight traits and fleece grade were negative and small, while estimates between weight traits and staple length were positive and small. Breeding values from both single- and seven-trait analyses calculated using the parameters estimated from the single- and two-trait analyses were compared across years of birth with respect to genetic trends. Estimated breeding values averaged by year of birth from both the single- and seven-trait analyses for the prolificacy and weight traits increased over time, while those for fleece weight decreased and those for the other wool traits were unchanged. Estimated changes in breeding values over time did not differ substantially for the single- and seven-trait analyses, except for traits highly correlated with another trait that was responding to selection (i.e., litter size at birth, which was highly correlated to both litter size at weaning and weaning weight). (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Hanford, KJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, A218 Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM khanford2@unl.edu NR 31 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 57 IS 2-3 BP 175 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2004.07.003 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 905RM UT WOS:000227587300009 ER PT J AU Spokas, K Wang, D Venterea, R AF Spokas, K Wang, D Venterea, R TI Greenhouse gas production and emission from a forest nursery soil following fumigation with chloropicrin and methyl isothiocyanate SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE soil fumigation; trichloronitromethane; nitrous oxide; methane; carbon dioxide; methyl isothiocyanate ID SUBSTRATE-INDUCED RESPIRATION; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ARABLE SOILS; DENITRIFICATION; NITROGEN; BROMIDE; OXYGEN; WHEAT; NITRIFICATION; GROWTH AB Soil fumigation is commonly used to control soil-borne pathogens and weeds. Our aim was to examine the effects of soil fumigation with chloropicrin (CP) and methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) on CH(4), N(2)O and CO(2) production and emission. These effects on a SE USA forest nursery soil were examined in field and laboratory experiments. Following field fumigation, CH(4) surface emissions and concentrations in the soil atmosphere were unaffected. Both fumigants increased N(2)O emissions rates significantly compared to non-fumigated controls, and the effects were still evident after 48 d. These findings are in contrast to fertilizer-induced N(2)O emissions, which generally return to background within 2 wk after application. Depths of N(2)O production were different for the two fumigants as determined by soil gas sampling, suggesting fumigant-specific stimulation mechanisms. CO(2) emissions (0-15 d) were not altered significantly, although sub-surface CO(2) concentrations did increase following fumigation with CP or MITC and remained elevated for CP treatment on d 48. CP-induced N(2)O production was also stimulated in aerobic laboratory incubation studies, with surface soils exhibiting 10 to 100-fold greater production rates. MITC and a combination of CP/MITC also stimulated N(2)O production, but the effect was significantly less than for CP alone. MITC suppressed and CP did not effect CO(2) production in the laboratory incubation. By comparing sterilized to non-sterile soils, >95% of these effects appear to be of biotic origin. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Spokas, K (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,439 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM kspokas@umn.edu RI Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009; Spokas, Kurt/F-4839-2016 OI Spokas, Kurt/0000-0002-5049-5959 NR 58 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 37 IS 3 BP 475 EP 485 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.08.010 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 891DM UT WOS:000226561500008 ER PT J AU Kleinman, PJA Srinivasan, MS Skarpley, AN Gburek, WJ AF Kleinman, PJA Srinivasan, MS Skarpley, AN Gburek, WJ TI Phosphorus leaching through intact soil columns before and after poultry manure application SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE phosphorus transport; leaching; manure application; macropores ID LONG-TERM MANURE; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; GRASSLAND SOILS; ORGANIC SOILS; TILE DRAINAGE; TRANSPORT; LOSSES; RUNOFF; WATER; AVAILABILITY AB Recent application of manure can increase phosphorus (P) loss from soil in subsurface flow (e.g., drainage water). This study investigated vertical leaching of P through two soils. Eight 30- and 50-cm-deep, intact soil columns (30-cm diameter) were collected. Columns were irrigated periodically (2.4 cm day(-1)) before and after surface application of poultry manure (85 kg total P ha(-1)), continuing for 11 weeks after the application. A dye tracer (FDRC blue No. 1) was used to identify the presence of active macropores at the bottom of each column, and to compare properties of undyed soil matrix material with dyed soil bordering active macropores. Before manure application, concentrations of total P (TP) in leachate did not exceed 0.57 mg L-1, with dissolved reactive P (DRP) a minor fraction of leachate TP (averaging 7%). Manure application resulted in significant increases in leachate P concentrations, with DRP averaging 72% of leachate TP. No significant differences in leachate DRP and TP concentrations were observed between 30- and 50-cm-deep columns or between soils, either before or after manure was applied, reflecting considerable variability in leachate P trends. In many columns, P concentrations in leachate peaked soon after manure application, with maximum DRP concentrations ranging from 1.1 to 11.2 mg L-1. In other columns, concentrations increased slowly over time, but maximum DRP concentrations were only 0.19 to 0.55 mg L-1. Different temporal trends in leachate P concentrations were unrelated to trends in flow. Increased P sorption saturation of soil bordering macropores in subsurface horizons, due to elevated Mehlich-3 P and depleted Mehlich-3 Al, points to the importance of macropores as preferential flow pathways for P. Results of this study highlight the significant, but temporally and spatially variable, nature of P leaching in manured soils. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Kleinman, PJA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Univ Pk,Curtain Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Peter.Kleinman@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 15 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 170 IS 3 BP 153 EP 166 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000160029.22932.e8 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 908GE UT WOS:000227774700001 ER PT J AU Ma, LW Selim, HM AF Ma, LW Selim, HM TI Predicting pesticide transport in mulch-amended soils: A two-compartment model SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ATRAZINE; RETENTION; METRIBUZIN; RESIDUE; 2ND-ORDER; SORPTION; BIODEGRADATION; CHEMICALS; MOBILITY; COLUMNS AB With adoption of combine harvest technology, massive sugarcane (Saccharum Spp. Hyb.) residue is left on the soil surface following each harvest, which could affect the environmental fate and efficacy of applied pesticides in subsequent cropping seasons. The objective of this study was to quantify the retention characteristics and mobility of a commonly used herbicide, atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamine-6-isopropylamino-S-triazine), in soils when sugarcane mulch residue was present. Specifically, adsorption and desorption kinetic batch experiments were performed to quantify atrazine retention by the mulch residue over time. Atrazine sorption exhibited time-dependent behavior and was followed by slow release regardless of input concentration. A kinetic -equilibrium model based on a second-order two-site (SOTS) formulation was successful in describing atrazine adsorption versus time by the mulch residue. One set of model parameters was capable of describing atrazine release based on six successive desorption steps. As a test for the applicability of the model, data sets from two other experiments where sorption and release was measured for extended time periods (1348 and 2476 h) were successfully predicted by the SOTS model. Miscible displacement methods were used to measure the mobility of atrazine in packed columns where the mulch residue was mixed with a reference sand material or a Sharkey clay soil (very fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Epiaquerts). Use of batch-measured model parameters did not adequately describe atrazine mobility in the sand-mulch column. In contrast, for a Sharkey-mulch soil column, a two-compartment SOTS model was successful in predicting atrazine breakthrough results where independently estimated parameters for the mulch residue and the soil matrix were used as the input parameters. Results also showed that mixing of mulch with soil created physical non-equilibrium condition in the columns, which was responsible for errors in model predictions. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Agron & Environm Management, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Selim, HM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Agron & Environm Management, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mselim@agctr.lsu.edu NR 27 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 19 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 69 IS 2 BP 318 EP 327 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 908KZ UT WOS:000227787200004 ER PT J AU Pachepsky, YA Guber, AK Jacques, D AF Pachepsky, YA Guber, AK Jacques, D TI Temporal persistence in vertical distributions of soil moisture contents SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL PATTERNS; WATER-RETENTION; VARIABILITY; STABILITY; TIME; DEPENDENCE; STORAGE; SCALE; SPACE; FIELD AB When a field or a small watershed is repeatedly surveyed for soil water content, sites often can be spotted where soil is consistently wetter or consistently dryer than average across the study area. The phenomenon has been called time stability, temporal stability, or temporal persistence in spatial patterns of soil water contents. Relatively less is known about temporal persistence of water content at various depths. The objectives of this work are to demonstrate the temporal persistence in soil water contents measured on a vertical two-dimensional grid, and to propose a technique to use this persistence to remedy the effect of probe malfunctioning on the estimates of the average water content in the layer. Sixty time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes (two rods) were installed along the trench in loamy soil at 12 locations with 50-cm horizontal spacing at five depths (15, 35, 55, 75, and 95 cm). The water content data were incomplete due to malfunctioning of connections in the automated measurement system. When all probes worked, some probes at a given depth consistently showed water contents below average whereas others showed water contents above the average. To quantify the persistence, we computed relative water contents as ratios of individual-probe water contents to average water contents from the same depth. Average relative water contents were used in a technique we proposed to correct estimates of depth-average water contents by accounting for missing data. A numerical experiment showed the efficiency of the proposed technique. Corrections for temporal persistence can be useful in estimating layer-averaged water contents and their uncertainty. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. CEN SCK, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ypachepsky@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Jacques, Diederik/C-5887-2009; OI Jacques, Diederik/0000-0001-9393-2963; Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 22 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 4 U2 22 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 69 IS 2 BP 347 EP 352 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 908KZ UT WOS:000227787200007 ER PT J AU Dell, CJ Rice, CW AF Dell, CJ Rice, CW TI Short-term competition for ammonium and nitrate in tallgrass prairie SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS NITROGEN; FLINT HILLS BLUESTEM; SOIL-MICROORGANISMS; DIRECT EXTRACTION; ANNUAL GRASSLAND; FIRE; N-15; IMMOBILIZATION; MINERALIZATION; FERTILIZATION AB The availability of N limits productivity in tallgrass prairie. Spring burning is common because it results in greater plant productivity despite reducing net N mineralization. To better explain how burning affects inorganic N availability in tallgrass prairie, the partitioning of N-15 among plant and soil pools was measured in June and August 1994. Approximately 2.5 mu g N g(-1) soil was injected as either NH4 Or NO3 to a depth of 15 cm within cores in burned and unburned prairie. Cores were removed from the field 6 d after injection, and N-15 recovery in plant and soil N pools was determined. No more than 14% of the applied N-15 remained in inorganic form 6 d after application. The largest portion of the applied N-15 (35-80%) was recovered in the soil organic nitrogen pool (N-0). Burning significantly increased the immobilization of both NH4 and NO3 within N., and microbial biomass accounted for >= 50% of the N-15 recovered in N-0. Accumulation of N-15 in plants accounted for >= 35% of the applied 15 N with a majority recovered from roots. Burning had little effect on N-15 recovery in plants; however, N-15 accumulations in roots were significantly greater when NO3 was used. Results indicate that immobilization within soil organic matter (SOM) controls the availability of both NH4 and NO3 to plants. Increased immobilization in soils with burning probably results largely from increased microbial N demand resulting from greater litter inputs with wider C to N ratios. Further research is needed to determine if abiotic mechanisms for N immobilization also significantly influence N availability in prairie soils. C1 USDA ARS, PSWMRU, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Dell, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSWMRU, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM curtis.dell@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 69 IS 2 BP 371 EP 377 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 908KZ UT WOS:000227787200010 ER PT J AU Zibilske, LM Materon, LA AF Zibilske, LM Materon, LA TI Biochemical properties of decomposing cotton and corn stem and root residues SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHEMICALLY CONTRASTING COMPOSITIONS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; LEAF LITTER; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; STRAW DECOMPOSITION; TROPICAL CONDITIONS; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; PLANT RESIDUES; LIGNIN CONTROL; CLAY CONTENT AB Maintaining soil C is especially difficult in hot climates. Information is needed regarding the influence of residue biochemical properties on decomposition in hot, semiarid climates so that management practices can be developed that improve organic matter retention. Litterbags containing stalk or root tissues of senescent cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) or corn (Zea mays L.) were placed on the surface or 10 cm below the surface of a fallow Hidalgo sandy clay loam (fineloamy, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Calciustoll) near Weslaco, TX, USA (26 degrees 9' N lat., 97 degrees 57 ' W long.), and were monitored quarterly for 1 yr for changes in mass, water-extractable C (WEC), water- and alcohol-extractable polyphenolics (WEP and AEP, respectively). Surface-placed cotton residues retained more mass than when buried, from approximately 80% (surface) to < 50% (buried). For corn, retention ranged from approximately 60 to approximately 70% for surface residues to approximately 40% for buried residues. Most mass loss occurred within the first three months. The greatest increases in WEC (approximately 1500 mu g C g(-1) for corn; approximately 500 mu g C g(-1) for cotton) and WEP (approximately 175-325 mu g g(-1)) for corn also occurred within the first 3 months. Water-extractable polyphenolics peaked (about 100 mu g g(-1)) in cotton residues at 6 mo, while corn residues reached a maximum (approximately 300 mu g g(-1)) at 3 months. Over a year, AEP decreased in cotton stem residues, from approximately 5 to 8 to approximately 2 mu g g(-1). Surface cotton roots maintained approximately 6 mu g g(-1) after three months. Results illustrated the importance of residue moisture content during decomposition, and indicate that different residues may have different capacities to hold moisture, which may affect the biochemical characteristics and kinetics of decomposition. C1 USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Biol, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. RP Zibilske, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM lzibilske@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 69 IS 2 BP 378 EP 386 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 908KZ UT WOS:000227787200011 ER PT J AU Amos, B Arkebauer, TJ Doran, JW AF Amos, B Arkebauer, TJ Doran, JW TI Soil surface fluxes of greenhouse gases in an irrigated maize-based agroecosystem SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CO2 EVOLUTION; METHANE; NITRATE; N2O AB An understanding of the effect of fertility management on soil surface fluxes Of CO2, N2O, and CH4 is essential in evaluating C sequestration measures that attempt to increase the amount of crop residue returned to the soil through increased fertilizer inputs. In this study, soil surface CO2 flux was measured over a 27-mo sampling period in continuous maize (Zea mays L.) plots managed under either an intensive fertility regime (M2) or recommended best management (M1). Flux was significantly higher in the M2 treatment on only 2 d during the first growing season. Annual estimates of soil surface CO2 flux, based on a modified exponential equation that incorporates leaf area index (LAI) to predict temporal changes in soil respiration, averaged 11550 kg C ha(-1) yr(-1) for both treatments (approximately 31.64 kg C ha(-1) d(-1) on average). Within row soil surface CO2 flux was, on average, 64% higher than between row flux. Plant population did not significantly affect measured soil surface CO2 flux. While fertility management had no significant effect on CH4 flux, N2O flux as measured on 3 d during the 2000 growing season was significantly higher in the M2 treatment. In 2001, no significant differences in N2O flux were observed, possibly due to changes in N management and irrigation method. Electrical conductivity measured during the 2000 and 2001 growing seasons was significantly higher in the M2 treatment while pH measured during the 2001 season was significantly lower for M2. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Soil & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Amos, B (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM bamos2@unlnotes.uni.edu NR 30 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 19 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 69 IS 2 BP 387 EP 395 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 908KZ UT WOS:000227787200012 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Stuedemann, JA AF Franzluebbers, AJ Stuedemann, JA TI Soil carbon and nitrogen pools in response to tall fescue endophyte infection, fertilization, and cultivar SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE; GROWTH; PERFORMANCE; PERSISTENCE; PHOSPHORUS; PASTURES; STRESS AB Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is an important cool-season perennial forage used for grazing animals in the humid regions of the USA and throughout the world. The fungal endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum Glenn, Bacon, & Hanlin naturally inhabits the majority of tall fescue stands producing a variety of alkaloids in leaf tissue that can cause animal health disorders on ingestion. We hypothesized that endophyte infection would modify the stock and activity of various soil C and N pools (total, particulate, microbial biomass, and mineralizable), but that fertilization (13.4-1.5-5.6 vs. 33.6-3.7-13.9 g N-P-K m(-2) yr(-1)) and cultivar ('Kentucky-31', K-31; 'AU-Triumph'; and 'Johnstone') might alter these responses. Soil organic C and total N at a depth of 0 to 20 cm under K-31 with high fertilization were greater with high (4197 g C m(-2) and 266 g N m(-2)) than with low (3872 g C m(-2) and 242 g N m(-2)) endophyte infection at the end of 20 yr. Under low fertilization, soil organic C and total N were not different between low and high endophyte infection. Differences in C and N pools among cultivars with low fertilization were as large as among K-31 fertilization-endophyte comparisons, but appeared to be related to factors other than endophyte infection frequency. Carbon and N contents of small macroaggregates (0.25-1.0 ram) were the only soil properties that were related (r = 0.70, P = 0.001) to endophyte infection frequency (range of 1-79%) across all treatments. Soil C and N pools can be modified by endophyte infection, but these results narrowed this phenomenon to (i) conditions of higher fertility and (ii) predominantly in small macroaggregates. C1 USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM afranz@uga.edu NR 32 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 69 IS 2 BP 396 EP 403 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 908KZ UT WOS:000227787200013 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Hill, NS AF Franzluebbers, AJ Hill, NS TI Soil carbon, nitrogen, and ergot alkaloids with short- and long-term exposure to endophyte-infected and endophyte-free tall fescue SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE; GROWTH; PERFORMANCE; PERSISTENCE; BIOMASS; POOLS AB Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is an important cool-season perennial forage naturally infected with an endophyte, Neotyphodium coenophialum Glenn, Bacon, T Hanlin, which produces ergot alkaloids. We conducted a controlled incubation study to determine the fate of C, N, and ergot alkaloids in tall fescue leaf tissue added to soil. The experimental setup was a factorial combination of endophyte-free (E-) and endophyte-infected (E+) leaf tissue (short term) incubated in soil exposed to 10 yr of E- and E+ tall fescue pasture (long term). Soil history of E+ compared with E- reduced C mineralization per unit of soil organic carbon (52 vs. 55 mg g(-1) SOC) and the fraction of inorganic N as nitrate (0.68 vs. 0.72 g g(-1)), but increased ergot alkaloid concentrations in soil sediment (< 1 mm; 28 vs. 12 ng g(-1)), coarse fraction (> 1 non + remaining leaves; 5.8 vs. 2.2 ng g(-1)), and water extract (0.27 vs. 0.22 ng g-1 soil). Short-term exposure of soil to E+ leaves compared with E- leaves reduced C mineralization (660 vs. 688 mu g g(-1) soil) and soil microbial biomass C (487 vs. 583 mu g g-1 soil), but increased net N mineralization (70 vs. 59 mu g g(-1) soil), soil microbial biomass N (56 vs. 19 mu g g(-1) soil), and ergot alkaloid concentration in the coarse fraction (0.36 vs. 0.27 mu g g(-1) original leaf). Both short- and long-term exposure of soil to E+ tall fescue were affecting soil organic matter dynamics by altering biochemical transformations of C and N. Our results suggest that wild-type E+ tall fescue can alter soil organic C storage through a reduction in soil microbial activity. This research has also demonstrated the presence of ergot alkaloids in soil under E+ tall fescue. C1 USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM afranz@uga.edu NR 34 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 69 IS 2 BP 404 EP 412 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 908KZ UT WOS:000227787200014 ER PT J AU Russell, AE Laird, DA Parkin, TB Mallarino, AP AF Russell, AE Laird, DA Parkin, TB Mallarino, AP TI Impact of nitrogen fertilization and cropping system on carbon sequestration in Midwestern Mollisols SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; UNITED-STATES; AGRICULTURE; ROTATION; TILLAGE; MATTER; EMISSIONS; SEQUENCE; DYNAMICS AB Growing interest in the potential for agricultural soils to provide a sink for atmospheric C has prompted studies of effects of management on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. We analyzed the impact on SOC of four N fertilization rates (0-270 kg N ha(-1)) and four cropping systems: continuous corn (CC) (Zea mays L.); corn-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (CS); corn-corn-oat-alfalfa (oat, Avena sativa L.; alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.) (CCOA), and corn-oat-alfalfa-alfalfa (COAA). Soils were sampled in 2002, Years 23 and 48 of the experiments located in northeast and north-central Iowa, respectively. The experiments were conducted using a replicated split-plot design under conventional tillage. A native prairie was sampled to provide a reference (for one site only). Cropping systems that contained alfalfa had the highest SOC stocks, whereas the CS system generally had the lowest SOC stocks. Concentrations of SOC increased significantly between 1990 and 2002 in only two of the nine systems for which historical data were available, the fertilized CC and COAA systems at one site. Soil quality indices such as particulate organic carbon (POC) were influenced by cropping system, with CS < CC < CCOA. In the native prairie, SOC, POC, and resistant C concentrations were 2.8, 2.6, and 3.9 times, respectively, the highest values in cropped soil, indicating that cultivated soils had not recovered to precultivation conditions. Although corn yields increased with N additions, N fertilization increased SOC stocks only in the CC system at one site. Considering the C cost for N fertilizer production, N fertilization generally had a net negative effect on C sequestration. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Russell, AE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM arussell@iastate.edu RI El Husny, Chafic/G-5410-2012; Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 43 TC 82 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 34 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 69 IS 2 BP 413 EP 422 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 908KZ UT WOS:000227787200015 ER PT J AU Myers, RG Sharpley, AN Thien, SJ Pierzynski, GM AF Myers, RG Sharpley, AN Thien, SJ Pierzynski, GM TI Ion-sink phosphorus extraction methods applied on 24 soils from the continental USA SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IMPREGNATED FILTER-PAPER; PLANT-AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS; ANION-EXCHANGE RESIN; IRON-OXIDE; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; TESTS; MEMBRANE; LABILE AB Ion-sink methods, such as resin membranes or FeO coated strips or filter papers, have been used as soil tests for plant available P. We have standardized a resin procedure and compared extractable soil P with the FeO method for 24 soils from the continental USA. Bray-1 extractable P ranged from 0.3 to 221 mg kg(-1) and Olsen's extractable P ranged from 1.4 to 131 mg kg(-1) across all soils. We used anion resin membrane strips (RS) and traditional loose resin (LR) to extract soil P. Total surface area of one RS was 17.3 cm(2), compared with 47.5 cm(2) for one FeO-coated filter paper. We used one, two, or three RS saturated with bicarbonate (RSbic) or chloride (RSCI), along with 1.5 g of moist LR saturated with either bicarbonate (LRBic) or chloride (LRCI). Using LRBic, the mean P was 64.3 mg kg(-1) compared with 52.5 with one RSBic, 55.2 with two RSBic, and 63.9 with three RSBic, Using LRCI, the mean P was 63.2 mg P kg(-1) compared with 48.7 with one RSCI, 54.8 with two RSCI, and 57.3 with three RSCI. The mean FeO-P was 36.4 ing kg(-1). Resin (CI) hardly influenced pH of the extracting solution, LRBic, and RSBic, influenced pH most, and FeO-strips had an intermediate effect on solution pH. This study shows that RS with a total surface area of 51.8 cm(2) can be used to extract soil P in place of more time-consuming LR methods. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Pierzynski, GM (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM gmp@ksu.edu NR 38 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 19 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 69 IS 2 BP 511 EP 521 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 908KZ UT WOS:000227787200025 ER PT J AU Mitra, S Aulakh, MS Wassmann, R Olk, DC AF Mitra, S Aulakh, MS Wassmann, R Olk, DC TI Triggering of methane production in rice soils by root exudates: Effects of soil properties and crop management SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; PADDY SOIL; PRODUCTION POTENTIALS; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; EMISSION; CULTIVARS; METABOLISM; MECHANISMS; FERTILIZER; ROTATION AB Elevated CH4 production in flooded soils during the reproductive growth stages of lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) is believed to result from decomposition of root exudates and autolysed root tissue. Little else is known about the factors of late-season CH4 production. This laboratory study investigates the effects of soil properties and crop management practices on CH4 production from rice root exudates. In two anaerobic incubation experiments of 20-d duration, CH4 production was measured following addition of root exudates and glucose to Philippine rice soils that were collected from (Exp. I) five farmers' fields and (Exp. II) four field treatments that varied in degree of soil aeration through crop rotation and timing of crop residue incorporation. The conversion of glucose-C to CH4 was 1.6 to 3.6 times greater than the conversion of root exudate C. In Exp. I, rates of CH4 production differed among the five rice soils. The sole soil property that was correlated with cumulative CH4 production was cation-exchange capacity (CEC). In Exp. II, however, no soil property was correlated with CH4 production from glucose and root exudates. Instead, CH4 production was greatest in the soils that had been sampled from the better-aerated field treatments, which opposes the common association of CH4 production with anaerobic conditions. The exact reason for this trend is unknown. One possible explanation is that organic matter in soils of the better-aerated field treatments provided less chemical stabilization of the amended substances, enabling their faster conversion into CH4. Soil properties alone appear inadequate to explain differences in CH4 production from root exudates; crop management practices appear to play a role. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Tata Energy Res Inst, New Delhi 110003, India. Punjab Agr Univ, Dept Soils, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res Atmospher Environm Re, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. RP Olk, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM olk@nstl.gov RI Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014 NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 21 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 69 IS 2 BP 563 EP 570 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 908KZ UT WOS:000227787200030 ER PT J AU Prom, LK Lopez, JD Mayalagu, GP AF Prom, LK Lopez, JD Mayalagu, GP TI Passive transmission of sorghum ergot (Claviceps africana) by four species of adult stink bugs SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID FUNGUS; MOTHS; CORN AB The ability of Oebalus pugnax (F.) (rice stink bug), Acrosternum hilare (Say) (green stink bug), Nezara viridula (L.) (southern green stink bug), and Euschistus servus (Say) (brown stink bug) to passively carry and transmit Claviceps africana spores from diseased to non-infected plants was evaluated at the USDA-ARS, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center (SPARC), College Station, Texas. Following exposure to ergot-infected sorghum panicles in the field for 30 minutes, stink bugs were captured and subsequently released in cages containing panicles of healthy green-house-grown sorghum plants of male-sterile line ATx623 in full bloom. The highest level of disease severity was 14.1% when greenhouse-grown ATx623 plants were exposed to ergot contaminated rice stink bugs for 30 minutes; whereas, the lowest ergot infection (2.8%) was exhibited by panicles exposed to ergot contaminated brown stink bugs. Estimates of the mean number of C. africana spores adhering to the external body parts of ergot contaminated stink bugs after being used as vectors on healthy sorghum panicles also was recorded. The highest mean concentration of adhering C. africana spores (2.2 x 10(5) spores/ml) was recovered from ergot-contaminated rice stink bugs, while the lowest mean concentration of 6.2 x 10(4) spores/ml was from contaminated green stink bugs. No significant differences in mean count of external spore concentration recovered between southern stink bugs and rice stink bugs were noted; however, these mean spore counts were significantly higher than the amounts found on green and brown stink bugs. No ergot infection was evident on ATx623, and no spore was recovered from non-contaminated stink bugs. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Prom, LK (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, 2765 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 30 IS 1 BP 29 EP 34 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971OH UT WOS:000232393300005 ER PT J AU Riley, DR Solis, MA AF Riley, DR Solis, MA TI Keys to immatures of the sugarcane borer and Nectropical cornstalk borer from Tamaulipas, Mexico, intercepted on corn in Southeastern Texas SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Diatraea larvae and pupae intercepted on corn from northeastern Mexico at south Texas ports of entry were reared to adults and identified as the sugarcane borer, Dialraea saccharalis (Fabricius), and the Neotropical cornstalk borer, Dialraea lineolata (Walker). Keys to aid in the identification of larvae and pupae of these two species are presented. C1 USDA, PPQ, APHIS, Brownsville, TX USA. USDA ARS, Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM asolis@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 30 IS 1 BP 35 EP 39 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971OH UT WOS:000232393300006 ER PT J AU Maas, DL Springer, TL AF Maas, DL Springer, TL TI Southern corn stalk borer, Diatraea crambidoides (Grote), feeding damage on eastern gamagrass in Oklahoma. SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, SPRRS, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. RP Maas, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SPRRS, 2000 18th St, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 30 IS 1 BP 67 EP 68 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971OH UT WOS:000232393300011 ER PT J AU Miftahudin, T Chikmawati, T Ross, K Scoles, GJ Gustafson, JP AF Miftahudin, T Chikmawati, T Ross, K Scoles, GJ Gustafson, JP TI Targeting the aluminum tolerance gene Alt3 region in rye, using rice/rye micro-colinearity SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SECALE-CEREALE L.; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; GENOME STRUCTURE; GRASS GENOMES; RFLP MARKERS; WHEAT; MAIZE; CHROMOSOMES; SEQUENCE; BARLEY AB Characterization and manipulation of aluminum (Al) tolerance genes offers a solution to Al toxicity problems in crop cultivation on acid soil, which composes approximately 40% of all arable land. By exploiting the rice (Oryza sativa L.)/rye (Secale cereale L.) syntenic relationship, the potential for map-based cloning of genes controlling Al tolerance in rye (the most Al-tolerant cereal) was explored. An attempt to clone an Al tolerance gene (Alt3) from rye was initiated by using DNA markers flanking the rye Alt3 gene, from many cereals. Two rice-derived, PCR-based markers flanking the Alt3 gene, B1 and B4, were used to screen 1,123 plants of a rye F-2 population segregating for Alt3. Fifteen recombinant plants were identified. Four additional RFLP markers developed from rice genes/putative genes, spanning 10 kb of a 160-kb rice BAC, were mapped to the Alt3 region. Two rice markers flanked the Alt3 locus at a distance of 0.05 cM, while two others cosegregated with it. The rice/rye micro-colinearity worked very well to delineate and map the Alt3 gene region in rye. A rye fragment suspected to be part of the Alt3 candidate gene was identified, but at this level, the rye/rice microsynteny relationship broke down. Because of sequence differences between rice and rye and the complexity of the rye sequence, we have been unable to clone a full-length candidate gene in rye. Further attempts to clone a full-length rye Alt3 candidate gene will necessitate the creation of a rye large-insert library. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Bogor Agr Univ, Dept Biol, Bogor 16144, Indonesia. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Plant Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. RP Gustafson, JP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM pgus@missouri.edu OI Miftahudin, M./0000-0002-5641-1090 NR 39 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 110 IS 5 BP 906 EP 913 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1909-0 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 913KK UT WOS:000228150300012 ER PT J AU Willard, ST Lay, DC Friend, TH Neuendorff, DA Randel, RD AF Willard, ST Lay, DC Friend, TH Neuendorff, DA Randel, RD TI Plasma progesterone response following ACTH administration during mid-gestation in the pregnant Brahman heifer SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adrenal; progesterone; ACTH; pregnancy; cattle ID CORPUS-LUTEUM FUNCTION; ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE; DAIRY-COWS; ADRENAL-GLAND; CATTLE; PARTURITION; CORTISOL; CLOPROSTENOL; MAINTENANCE; SECRETION AB Previous reports of adrenal progesterone (P-4) contributions during late gestation in cattle, and ACTH-induced P-4 responses in the non-pregnant heifer, prompted a retrospective investigation to evaluate the plasma P-4 response and the relative ratio of plasma cortisol (CT) to P-4 following ACTH administration during mid-gestation in pregnant Brahman heifers. Twenty-three pregnant (139.0 +/- 5.0 days of gestation) Brahman heifers received one of the following treatments: 0 (saline; n = 5), 0.125 (n = 4), 0.25 (n = 5), 0.5 (n = 4), or 1.0 (n = 5) IU of ACTH per kg BW. Blood samples were collected at -15 and -0.5 (time 0), 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 105, 135, 165, 195, and 255-min post-ACTH challenge. Plasma P-4 and CT were quantified by RIA. Pre-ACTH P-4 did not differ (P > 0.10) among ACTH treatment groups (pooled, 12.1 +/- 0.6 ng/mL). Among peak P-4 values at 15-min post-ACTH infusion, control P-4 (9.6 +/- 1.2 ng/mL) tended to be lower (P < 0.07) than 0.5 IU ACTH-treated heifers (13.3 +/- 1.1 ng/mL); and were lower (P < 0.02) than 0.25 and 1.0 IU ACTH-treated heifers (14.7 +/- 1.1 and 22.2 +/- 3.7 ng/mL, respectively). During the primary P-4 response period (0 to 75-min post-ACTH), the area under the curve (AUC) was greater (P < 0.05) for 1.0 IU ACTH-treated heifers than all other groups. The CT:P-4 ratios were lower (time x treatment, P < 0.01) for control heifers than all ACTH-treated heifers. Among ACTH-treated heifers, CT:P-4 ratio response and CT:P-4 ratio AUC were similar (P > 0.10) following ACTH challenge. In conclusion, acute increases in ACTH elevated plasma P-4, likely of adrenal origin, in mid-gestation pregnant heifers, while the CT:P-4 ratio (relative output) remained constant irrespective of ACTH dose (0.125-1.0 IU). Whether ACTH-induced increases in P-4 in pregnant animals are of physiological significance (e.g., an accessory role in the maintenance of pregnancy during periods of acute stress) remains to be determined. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Wise Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Agr Expt Stn, Overton, TX 75684 USA. RP Willard, ST (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Wise Ctr, Box 9815-CVM, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM swillard@ads.msstate.edu NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 63 IS 4 BP 1061 EP 1069 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.05.018 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 906RQ UT WOS:000227660500008 PM 15710193 ER PT J AU Day, WH AF Day, WH TI Diapause duration as a synchronizer of parasite (Peristenus spp : Hymenoptera : Braconidae) and host (Hemiptera : Miridae) life cycles, and its use in separating morphologically-similar parasite species SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Adelphocoris; alfalfa; biological control; diapause; Leptopterna; Lygus; parasites; Peristenus ID PLANT BUG HEMIPTERA; ALFALFA; BIOLOGY AB Five nominal species of braconid wasps that parasitize nymphs of five mirid species were studied on farms. The biological data obtained indicate that Peristenus pallipes (Curtis) is likely two (and possibly three) distinct species. In alfalfa and alfalfa-forage grass fields, there were clear parasite:mirid host associations: P. pallipes "A": Leptopterna and Trigonotylus; P. pallipes "B": Adelphocoris; P. pallipes "C": Lygus; P. digoneutis: Lygus; P. conradi: Adelphocoris; P. pseudopallipes: Lygus; and P howardi: Lygus. Diapausing adults of these parasite species do not emerge from their cocoons immediately after the cocoons are removed from cold storage; this delay is referred to here as diapause "duration". Average diapause duration varied from 8 to 61 days, depending on the parasite species, and each duration was statistically different from that of the other species. These durations corresponded to the temporal sequence of appearances of nymphs of the appropriate mirid host species during the growing season, and serve to synchronize the emergence of parasite adults with the hatching of their preferred hosts. All parasites studied except R digoneutis and P. howardi are univoltine. The latter two species produce some non-diapausing progeny in their first generation, which emerge promptly, enabling these species to parasitize second generation mirids. The unusually prolonged emergence period of P. howardi suggests that the second generation of this species may be partly produced by late-emerging (long-duration) parasites from the previous year, or perhaps by a very similar (sibling) species. Diapause rapidly increased in both P. digoneutis and R howardi collected in hosts within two weeks after the maximum photoperiod occurred (June 21) in the field. C1 USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Lab, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Day, WH (reprint author), USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Lab, 501 S Chapel St, Newark, DE 19713 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0002-8320 J9 T AM ENTOMOL SOC JI Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. PD MAR-JUN PY 2005 VL 131 IS 1-2 BP 87 EP 99 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 945LA UT WOS:000230502800005 ER PT J AU Smith, DR AF Smith, DR TI Aulacidae (Hymenoptera) of Northern South America, emphasizing Colombia SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Twelve species of Aulacidae, three Aulacus and nine Pristaulacus, are recorded from northern South America: Aulacus amazonicus (Roman), A. cephalus, n. sp., A. ochreus, n. sp., Pristaulacus absens, n. sp., A. colombianus, n. sp., P.femurrubrum, n. sp., P. haemorrhoidalis (Westwood), P. maculatus (Schletterer), R punctatus, n. sp., P. ruficeps (Westwood), R tridentatus, n. sp., and P. zonatipennis Roman. This study is based on recent collections from Colombia. Aulacus bicornutus Schletterer 1889 is a new synonym of Pristaulacus ruficeps (Westwood 185 1). The species are described and illustrated and a key is given. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dsmith@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 12 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0002-8320 J9 T AM ENTOMOL SOC JI Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. PD MAR-JUN PY 2005 VL 131 IS 1-2 BP 217 EP 253 PG 37 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 945LA UT WOS:000230502800012 ER PT J AU Thomasson, JA Shearer, SA Byler, RK AF Thomasson, JA Shearer, SA Byler, RK TI Image-processing solution to cotton color measurement problems: Part I. Instrument design and construction SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE color; color/trash meter; cotton; fiber quality; foreign matter; image processing ID TRASH; LINT; MACHINERY AB Trash particles enmeshed in bulk cotton fiber samples interfere with conventional cotton color measurement accuracy. A new instrument was designed and constructed for reducing trash effects on cotton color measurement, while maintaining the traditional system of cotton color measurement. The instrument's illumination system included four quartz-tungsten-halogenlamps in aluminum elliptical reflectors. The instrument's sensor was a panchromatic video camera that acquired images through optical color filters on a rotating wheel. The sensitivities of the various measurements were rigorously considered to maximize the dynamic range over which each measurement was made. The system's camera was connected to a computer through a frame grabber Software was written to control the filter wheel, image acquisition, color/trash computations, and data recording. Image processing was employed to differentiate trash particles from cotton in the images. Color was calculated from the image portion judged by image analysis to be cotton. The system was tested on a large number of cotton samples and performed as designed and without any software or hardware failures. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Lexington, KY USA. USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Thomasson, JA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 2117 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM thomasson@tamu.edu RI Shearer, Scott/C-8055-2012 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 421 EP 438 PG 18 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 925DN UT WOS:000229031800001 ER PT J AU Thomasson, JA Shearer, SA Boykin, DL AF Thomasson, JA Shearer, SA Boykin, DL TI Image-processing solution to cotton color measurement problems: Part II. Instrument test and evaluation SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE color; colorltrash meter; cotton; fiber quality; foreign matter; image processing ID TRASH; MACHINERY AB An experimental cotton color/trash meter was developed previously for the purpose of improving cotton color measurement by removing trash-particle effects on color measurement with image processing. In this work, the experimental meter was tested extensively on a large number of cotton samples varying widely in color and trash content. Testing involved: (1) comparing the measurement accuracy of the experimental meter to that of conventional meters that use diffuse reflectance for color measurement, and (2) comparing the experimental and conventional meters' ability to predict clean lint color from that of uncleaned lint. Results indicated that basic cotton color measurement was as accurate with the experimental meter as it was with conventional meters. Additionally, the experimental meter's color measurements on uncleaned lint correlated better with cleaned lint color than did those of the conventional meters in every case. With the Z (blue-band reflectance) color measurement, the superiority of the experimental meter's correlation between uncleaned and cleaned lint color was statistically significant. The reduction in root-mean-square error with the experimental meter was about 14% for the Y (broad-band green reflectance) measurement and about 22% for Z. These reductions in prediction error had statistical as well as practical significance. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Lexington, KY USA. USDA ARS, Area Statistican, Mids Area, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Thomasson, JA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 2117 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM thomasson@tamu.edu RI Shearer, Scott/C-8055-2012 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 439 EP 454 PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 925DN UT WOS:000229031800002 ER PT J AU Hall, HE Raper, RL AF Hall, HE Raper, RL TI Development and concept evaluation of an on-the-go soil strength measurement system SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE cone index; sensors; soil compaction; soil moisture; soil strength ID MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE; TILLAGE AB Root-restricting soil layers reduce crop yields in the southeastern U.S. almost every year due to temporary periods of drought. Subsoiling beneath these layers is an annual practice for most farmers in this region as a method of removing this barrier and improving rooting conditions. Currently, farmers could use a soil cone penetrometer to determine the depth of their root-restrictive layer in a few locations within afield and then set their tillage depth to exceed the deepest root-restricting layer found. However, the potential for significant energy savings exists if some method of sensing the depth of this layer was available on-the-go and adjustments could in turn be made to subsoiling depth. A prototype design of an on-the-go soil strength sensor was developed as a possible alternative to the cone penetrometer and as a method of sensing the depth of the root-restricting layer. Several versions of this sensor were evaluated in a sandy loam soil bin at the USDA-ARS National Soil Dynamics Laboratory. The sensor was able to detect compacted soil profiles in a similar fashion as the cone penetrometer. The on-the-go soil strength measurements were more closely correlated to bulk density than the cone penetrometer measurements and exhibited less variation than cone penetrometer measurements. Further research with this sensor could lead to methods of quickly and easily mapping soil compaction within fields. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. Spatial Technol, Atmore, AL USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA. RP Raper, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM rlraper@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 20 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 469 EP 477 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 925DN UT WOS:000229031800005 ER PT J AU van Donk, SJ Wagner, LE Skidmore, EL Tatarko, J AF van Donk, SJ Wagner, LE Skidmore, EL Tatarko, J TI Comparison of the Weibull model with measured wind speed distributions for stochastic wind generation SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE erosive wind power density; Weibull; wind erosion; wind speed distribution ID EXTREME WINDS; STATISTICS; EROSION AB Wind is the principal driver of the Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS), which is a process-based computer model for the simulation of wind-blown sediment loss from afield. WEPS generates wind using a stochastic wind generator The objectives of this study were to improve the stochastic generation of wind speed and direction and to update the wind statistics used by the generator with statistics derived from more recent, quality-controlled data for the 48 contiguous states of the U.S. Erosive wind power density (WPD) was chosen to evaluate how well wind is generated, since it is proportional to sediment transport by wind. It is important that WPD calculated from stochastically generated data (WPDg) closely reproduces WPD calculated from the underlying measured data (WPDm). The commonly used two-parameter Weibull model did not fit wind speed distributions well enough for application in wind erosion models. WPDg deviated more than 20% from WPDm for 168 out of the 332 stations having WPDm > 5 W m(-2). Fitting the model to the high wind speeds only, with the expectation of a better curve fit, resulted in some generated wind speeds exceeding 100 m s(-1), which is unacceptable. A more direct method uses the wind speed distributions themselves instead of the Weibull model that describes them. Wind speeds are then generated directly from the distributions using linear interpolation between data points. With this more robust direct approach, there was only one station (down from 168 stations) where WPDg deviated more than 20% from WPD, The direct method of wind speed generation reproduces wind speeds more accurately than the Weibull model, which is important for wind erosion prediction and may be important for other applications as well. C1 USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP van Donk, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM sdonk@weru.ksu.edu NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 503 EP 510 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 925DN UT WOS:000229031800008 ER PT J AU Zhang, GH Nearing, MA Liu, BY AF Zhang, GH Nearing, MA Liu, BY TI Potential effects of climate change on rainfall erosivity in the Yellow River basin of China SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE GCM; precipitation; soil and water conservation; soil erosion ID LOESS PLATEAU; SOIL-EROSION; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATION; SCENARIOS; RESPONSES AB Severe soil erosion in the Yellow River basin is a significant obstruction to the sustainable management of soil and water resources. Any changes in soil erosion will have great effects on long-term planning of soil and water conservation in such a severely eroded basin. Rainfall erosivity describes the soil loss potential caused by rain, which can be expected to change in correspondence to changes in climate. This study was conducted to assess the potential effects of climate change on rainfall erosivity in the Yellow River basin. Two different rainfall scenarios were generated with the HadCM3 general circulation model for the years 2006 to 2035, 2036 to 2065, and 2066 to 2095. The statistics test showed that rainfall erosivity increased significantly in the Yellow River basin under both scenarios for all periods in the coming decades. The erosivity increase varied from scenario to scenario, and from period to period. Generally, increases in erosivity were less from southeast to northwest. The calculated precipitation elasticity of rainfall erosivity indicated that percent changes in rainfall erosivity were greater than percent changes in total precipitation by a factor of 1.2 to 1.4. The expected increases in precipitation require that more attention will be given to soil and water conservation practices such as vegetation rehabilitation and check-dam construction. C1 Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. Key Lab Soil & Water Conservat & Desertificat Com, Minist Educ, Beijing, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Zhang, GH (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, 19 Xinwai St, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM ghzhang@bnu.edu.cn NR 31 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 511 EP 517 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 925DN UT WOS:000229031800009 ER PT J AU Adamsen, FJ Hunsaker, DJ Perea, H AF Adamsen, FJ Hunsaker, DJ Perea, H TI Border strip fertigation: Effect of injection strategies on the distribution of bromide SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE basin irrigation; border irrigation; bromide; computer simulation; date palm; fertigation; field experiment; surface irrigation ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; NITRATE MOVEMENT; LEVEL BASINS; IRRIGATION; WATER; FIELD; MODEL; INFILTRATION; PERFORMANCE; SIMULATION AB Fertigation using surface irrigation is a cost-effective and simple method of applying fertilizer across the field. The primary objective of this study was to compare different strategies for timing injection of bromide and its fate when injected into the irrigation water, as a surrogate for nitrate, during the irrigation of narrow sloping border strips. A fertigation experiment was conducted on sloping borders strips in the Coachella Valley Water District, California, on a Coachella fine sand, (sandy, mixed hyperthermic Typic Torrifluvents) and the crop was date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L). Four treatments were used: bromide injection during the first half the last half, and the middle half of the irrigation and during the entire irrigation (100%). The average low quarter distribution uniformity (DU1q)for water application was 0.73. For bromide, DU1q values ranged from 0.21 for the last half injection strategies to 0.64 for the 100% treatment. Use of one-dimensional models (EVALUE and SRFR) predicted satisfactory water but not bromide distributions. This is mainly because the models do not account for the flow through the furrows adjacent to the border dikes. The results of this study support the general finding that unless the soil is extremely sandy, injection during the entire irrigation produced the best distribution uniformity of added bromide. In this study, injection during the first half of the irrigation was not statistically different from injection during 100% of the irrigation. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Adamsen, FJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM fadamsen@uswcl.ars.ag.gov NR 34 TC 11 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 529 EP 540 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 925DN UT WOS:000229031800011 ER PT J AU Helmers, MJ Eisenhauer, DE Franti, TG Dosskey, MG AF Helmers, MJ Eisenhauer, DE Franti, TG Dosskey, MG TI Modeling sediment trapping in a vegetative filter accounting for converging overland flow SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE flow convergence; grass filters; hydrologic modeling; overland flow; sediment trapping; two-dimensional overland flow; vegetative filters ID SIMULATED VEGETATION; GRASS FILTERS; FILTRATION; PERFORMANCE; TRANSPORT; BUFFERS; STRIPS AB Vegetative filters (VF) are used to remove sediment and other pollutants from overland flow. When modeling the hydrology of VF, it is often assumed that overland flow is planar but our research indicates that it can be two-dimensional with converging and diverging pathways. Our hypothesis is that flow convergence will negatively influence the sediment trapping capability of VF The objectives were to develop a two-dimensional modeling approach for estimating sediment trapping in VF and to investigate the impact of converging overland flow on sediment trapping by VF In this study, the performance of a VF that has field-scale flow path lengths with uncontrolled flow direction was quantified using field experiments and hydrologic modeling. Simulations of water flow processes were performed using the physically based, distributed model MIKE SHE. A modeling approach that predicts sediment trapping and accounts for converging and diverging flow was developed based on the University of Kentucky sediment filtration model. The results revealed that as flow convergence increases, filter performance decreases, and the impacts are greater at higher flow rates and shorter filter lengths. Convergence that occurs in the contributing field (in-field) upstream of the buffer had a slightly greater impact than convergence that occurred in the filter (in-filter). An area-based convergence ratio was defined that relates the actual flow area in a VF to the theoretical flow area without flow convergence. When the convergence ratio was 0.70, in-filter convergence caused the sediment trapping efficiency to be reduced from 80% for the planar flow condition to 64% for the converging flow condition. When an equivalent convergence occurred in-field, the sediment trapping efficiency was reduced to 57%. Thus, not only is convergence important but the location where convergence occurs can also be important. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, Res Ecol, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Helmers, MJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mhelmers@iastate.edu NR 31 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 541 EP 555 PG 15 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 925DN UT WOS:000229031800012 ER PT J AU Veith, TL Sharpley, AN Weld, JL Gburek, WJ AF Veith, TL Sharpley, AN Weld, JL Gburek, WJ TI Comparison of measured and simulated phosphorus losses with indexed site vulnerability SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE field-scale modeling; nonpoint source; Pennsylvania Phosphorus Index; risk; SWAT ID AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; BMP PLACEMENT; STRATEGIES; POLLUTION; MODEL; OPTIMIZATION; RUNOFF; SWAT AB Nonpoint-source losses of agricultural phosphorus (P) at field and watershed scales must be quantified to facilitate selection and placement of P control measures. Quantification of P loss has been pursued through field monitoring, simulation models, and risk assessment indices. However, the intended users of these methods differ, impacting each method's functional design and ease-of-use. For example, the Pennsylvania P Index, a risk assessment tool for planners, requires less discipline-specific knowledge and more readily available data than the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a complex, watershed-level, research-based simulation model. This study compared measured losses of P from the outlet of a 39.5 ha mixed land use watershed (FD-36) in south-central Pennsylvania with watershed-level losses predicted by SWAT Measured watershed exports of dissolved P (0.06 kg ha(-1)) and total P (0.24 kg ha(-1)) during the 7-month sampling period were similar in magnitude to SWAT-predicted losses (0.05 and 0.73 kg ha(-1), respectively). Additionally, the study compared field-level P losses predicted by SWAT with field-level vulnerabilities to P loss derived by the P Index. The P Index and SWAT categorized 73% of the 22 fields similarly in terms of vulnerability to P loss, with Pearson correlation significant at p = 0.07; all except one of the remaining six fields were over- or underpredicted by a single risk category. Results indicate that while actual P loss from FD-36 was small, three fields contributed a major proportion of this loss. Additionally, this study suggests that the P Index can provide land managers with a reliable assessment of where P loss occurs within a watershed, thus allowing more effective placement and selection of conservation practices, which lead toward improved downstream water quality. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Veith, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Curtin Rd,Bldg 3702, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM tamie.veith@ars.usda.gov RI Veith, Tamie/H-4911-2011 NR 38 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 557 EP 565 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 925DN UT WOS:000229031800013 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC AF Zhang, XC TI Generating correlative storm variables for cligenusing a distribution-free approach SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE climate generator; distribution-free; erosion prediction; storm generation; WEPP ID WEPP RUNOFF AB CLIGEN is the only weather generator that generates internal storm patterns, which are required by many agricultural system models such as the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model. The lack of correlation between CLIGEN-generated storm variables may limit those models' abilities to predict surface runoff and soil erosion. The objectives of this study were to: (1) test a distribution-free method for inducing desired rank correlation between generated storm variables, and (2) compare WEPP-predicted runoff and soil loss using measured vs. variously generated storm patterns on eight U.S. sites. Four climate files containing four storm patterns (measured, original uncorrelated CLIGEN output, correlated CLIGEN output, and correlated output with exponentially generated storm durations), along with measured soil, slope, and crop management on each site, were used as input to WEPP. The distribution-free approach was simple to use and capable of inducing desired rank correlation between storm depth and duration and consequently between storm depth and relative peak intensity. Original CLIGEN output after inducing desired correlation considerably improved WEPP runoff and soil loss predictions on most sites where strong correlation between storm depth and duration existed. On average, the relative errors averaged over all sites were reduced from 15.0% to 4.6% for runoff prediction and from 11.1 % to 1.5% for soil loss prediction. The use of exponentially distributed storm duration, compared with the original CLIGEN output, doubled the overall relative error for soil loss prediction due to the undesirable alteration of relative peak intensity estimates. Overall results indicate that for better runoff and soil loss prediction, correlated CLIGEN output should be used on sites where strong correlation between storm depth and duration exists. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM jzhang@grl.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 567 EP 575 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 925DN UT WOS:000229031800014 ER PT J AU Chinkuyu, A Meixner, T Gish, T Daughtry, C AF Chinkuyu, A Meixner, T Gish, T Daughtry, C TI Prediction of pesticide losses in surface runoff from agricultural fields using GLEAMS and RZWQM SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE atrazine; metolachlor model; pesticides; predicted; surface runoff ID WATER-QUALITY MODEL; SUBSURFACE FLOW PATHWAYS; SOIL-MOISTURE; TRANSPORT; SIMULATION; MSEA AB Seepage zones have been shown to be of critical importance in controlling contaminant export from agricultural watersheds. To date, no multipurpose agricultural water quality model has seepage zones incorporated into its process-level representations. We chose to test two widely used models of agricultural water quality; the Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems (GLEAMS) and the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM), by seeing how well each predicted solution pesticide concentration and loss in surface runoff from two agricultural fields: one with and one without seepage zones. Daily simulated atrazine and metolachlor concentration and loss in surface runoff from both calibrated and default (or non-calibrated) GLEAMS and RZWQM were compared with three years of measured data from the two fields. The results of the study show that GLEAMS and RZWQM using default input parameters were not capable of predicting atrazine and metolachlor concentrati. on and loss in surface runoff from the fields with and without seepage zones (modeling efficiency < 0.16). Site-calibrated GLEAMS and RZWQM predicted atrazine and metolachlor concentration and loss in surface runoff from both fields (coefficient of determination > 0.52, index of agreement > 0.83, and modeling efficiency > 0.53) and can be used for assessing the effects of seepage zones on pesticide loss in surface runoff from agricultural fields. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Chinkuyu, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 104 Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM acinkuyu@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 30 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 585 EP 599 PG 15 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 925DN UT WOS:000229031800016 ER PT J AU Fernandez, GP Chescheir, GM Skaggs, RW Amatya, DM AF Fernandez, GP Chescheir, GM Skaggs, RW Amatya, DM TI Development and testing of watershed-scale models for poorly drained soils SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE DRAINMOD; DUFLOW; subsurface drainage; water quality; watershed-scale model ID MANAGEMENT MODEL; FIELD-EVALUATION; SIMULATION; QUALITY; VALIDATION; TRANSPORT; SYSTEMS; DESIGN AB Two watershed-scale hydrology and water quality models were used to evaluate the cumulative impacts of land use and management practices on downstream hydrology and nitrogen loading of poorly drained watersheds. Field-scale hydrology and nutrient dynamics are predicted by DRAINMOD in both models. In the first model (DRAINMOD-DUFLOW), field-scale predictions are coupled to the canal/stream routing and in-stream water quality model DUFLOW, which handles flow routing and nutrient transport and transformation in the drainage canal/stream network. In the second model (DRAINMOD-W), DRAINMOD was integrated with a new one-dimensional canal and water quality model. The hydrology and hydraulic routing components of the models were tested using data from a 2950 ha drained managed forest watershed in the coastal plain of eastern North Carolina. Both models simulated the hydrology and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) loading of the watershed acceptably. Simulated outflows and NO3-N loads at the outlet of the watershed were in good agreement with the temporal trend for five years of observed data. Over a five-year period, total outflow was within 1% of the measured value. Similarly, NO3-N load predictions were within 1% of the measured load. Predictions of the two models were not statistically different at the 5% level of significance. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Charleston, SC USA. RP Fernandez, GP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM gfernand@eos.ncsu.edu NR 47 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 639 EP 652 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 925DN UT WOS:000229031800020 ER PT J AU Payero, JO Neale, CMU Wright, JL AF Payero, JO Neale, CMU Wright, JL TI Non-water-stressed baselines for calculating Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) for alfalfa and tall fescue grass SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; Bowen ratio; canopy temperature; CWSI; infrared thermometer; irrigation scheduling; tall fescue grass; water stress ID WHEAT CANOPY TEMPERATURE; BERMUDAGRASS TURF; LEAF TEMPERATURES; AIR TEMPERATURE; IRRIGATION; CORN; YIELD; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; VEGETATION; MOISTURE AB The lack of transferability of the Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) baselines, together with the restriction of having to make required measurements close to noon and under clear-sky conditions, are major drawbacks that restrict the use of the empirical CWSI method for irrigation scheduling. The objectives of this study were to: (1) evaluate the effect of solar radiation (R,) on the non-water-stressed baselines (NWSBs) of alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.) and tall fescue grass (Festuca arundinacea), and (2) develop empirical equations to estimate their NWSBs, which could be applied at any time during the daytime cycle and under conditions of full canopy cover A Bowen ratio system was used to measure 20 min averages of radiometric surface temperature, air temperature (T-a), wind speed (u(2)), dew point, and R-s over the two crop canopies during the 1991 growing season at Kimberly, Idaho. Using this dataset, empirical NWSBs for different Rs ranges were derived, which tended to diverge from each other as vapor pressure deficit (VPD) increased, indicating that Rs considerably affected the baselines and that its effect was more pronounced as the air got drier Multiple regression analysis was also used to develop equations to estimate the NWSBs for the entire daytime cycle and specifically for the near-noon period. For alfalfa, the equation derived for the entire daytime cycle estimated the NWSBs as a function of Rs, VPD, T-a, u(2), and plant canopy height (h) (r(2) = 0.89). For grass, the equation only included Rs, VPD, T-a, and u(2) (r(2) = 0.89). For alfalfa, the near-noon equation included R-s, VPD, T-a, u(2), and h (r(2) = 0.92). For grass, on the other hand, T-a and h were not statistically significant, and the near-noon equation only included VPD, R-s, and u(2) (r(2) = 0.94). Since all variables that significantly affected the NWSBs for these crops were included in the equations, we expect them to be transferable to other locations; however, additional testing at other locations is needed to confirm this hypothesis. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, N Platte, NE USA. Univ Nebraska, Cent Res & Extens Ctr, N Platte, NE USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol Irrigat Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Payero, JO (reprint author), 461 W Univ Dr, N Platte, NE 69101 USA. EM jpayero2@unl.edu RI Payero, Jose/A-7916-2011; Neale, Christopher/P-3676-2015 OI Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410 NR 49 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 653 EP 661 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 925DN UT WOS:000229031800021 ER PT J AU Igathinathane, C Chattopadhyay, PK Pordesimo, LO AF Igathinathane, C Chattopadhyay, PK Pordesimo, LO TI Combination soaking procedure for rough rice parboiling SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE absorption; alkali degradation; gelatinization temperature; microscope; paddy; parboiling; rough rice; soaking ID MOISTURE AB Soaking of rough rice is the most time-consuming operation in the parboiling process. A combination soaking procedure for parboiling of rough rice was developed based on the gelatinization temperature of rice starch to achieve rapid completion of soaking. The objectives of this study were to determine the gelatinization temperature of rice starch, the soaking characteristics of the rough rice, and prescribe the operating parameters of the combination soaking procedure. Medium-grain rough rice ('Pankaj') was selected, and its starch gelatinization temperature was determined as 72&DEG; C using alkali degradation and hot stage microscopy methods. Soaking characteristics of rough rice were studied at 60&DEG; C, 70&DEG; C, and 80&DEG; C Below the gelatinization temperature, soaking proceeded in the normal way; however, above the gelatinization temperature, excessive water absorption, husk splitting, actual cooking of rice kernels, and loss of quality due to soak water contamination were observed. The combination soaking procedure, involving 80&DEG; C water as the first stage until an intermediate moisture content of 35.0% d.b. (approx. 45 min) followed by 70&DEG; C as the second stage up to the saturation moisture content of 42.7% d.b. (approx. 3 h 15 min), resulted in a 67% time reduction when compared with single-stage soaking at 70&DEG; C. Rice from the combination procedure resembled that obtained from 70&DEG; C single-stage soaking in all respects. In milling analysis, after parboiling the rough rice from both soaking methods, the polished rice did not show any difference in terms of head rice yield, broken grains produced, and cracked grains produced. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Environm Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Indian Inst Technol, Dept Agr & Food Engn, Post Harvest Technol Ctr, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India. USDA ARS, Instument & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Igathinathane, C (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Environm Sci, 2506 EJ Chapman Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM igathi@utk.edu OI Cannayen, Igathinathane/0000-0001-8884-7959 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 665 EP 671 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 925DN UT WOS:000229031800022 ER PT J AU Garcia, RA Flores, RA Phillips, JG AF Garcia, RA Flores, RA Phillips, JG TI Use of an aspirator to separate meat and bone meal into high-ash and high-protein streams SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE meat and bone meal; aspirator; winnowing; separation; optimization; cohesive solid; powder ID PRODUCTS; DIGESTIBILITY; LIVESTOCK; FISH AB Meat and bone meal (MBM) is a byproduct of the rendering industry. Novel feed and non-feed applications for the protein and minerals in MBM are being developed. MBM would have improved characteristics for these applications if the bone and soft tissue-derived particles could be efficiently separated. An aspirator is a device that separates mixtures Of particles based on the terminal velocity of each particle. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether an aspirator can be used to separate MBM into high-ash and high-protein fractions. It was found that the cohesive MBM particles tended to clog the hopper and aspirator column and foul the other interior surfaces of the aspirator making continuous operation of the aspirator problematic, unless a modification was made. The results show that with this modification, and appropriate settings for feed rate and operating pressure, the aspirator produces two fractions, one that is considerably higher in ash, and one that is moderately higher in protein. Specifically, with an MBM feed rate of 8.0 g/s and an operating pressure of -116 Pa, the high-ash fraction was 52.0% ash (dry basis), compared to 34.5% ash in the unprocessed material. With a feed rate of 13.7 g/s and apressure of -28 Pa, the high-protein fraction was 60.9% crude protein (dry basis), compared to 55.8% crude protein in the unprocessed material. The aspirator tested achieved a degree of separation that will facilitate the use of MBM in alternative applications. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Off Area Director, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Garcia, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM rgarcia@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Garcia, Rafael/D-2796-2009 OI Garcia, Rafael/0000-0002-5452-3929 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 703 EP 708 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 925DN UT WOS:000229031800026 ER PT J AU Kandala, CVK Nelson, SO AF Kandala, CVK Nelson, SO TI Nondestructive moisture determination in small samples of peanuts by RF impedance measurement SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE moisture content; peanuts; RF impedance; small samples AB By using the measured RF impedance values of a parallel-plate system, with a single peanut kernel between the plates in an empirical equation, it was found in previous work that the moisture content of the peanut kernel could be closely estimated. This method was successfully applied to predict the moisture content of small samples of peanut kernels (6 to 8 kernels) but with a slightly modified empirical equation. Capacitance, dissipation factor, and/or phase angle were measured with an impedance analyzer and a parallel-plate capacitor with a small number of peanut kernels between the plates at two frequencies (1 and 5 MHz). Moisture contents were predicted within 1% of air-oven moisture determination values for 85% of the samples tested in the moisture content range from 6% to 22%. The method is rapid and nondestructive, and it could be used to develop a practical instrument to measure moisture content of peanuts. Such an instrument could be used to make moisture measurements on a large number of small samples from a bulk volume, to obtain a better estimate of the moisture distribution within the bulk volume, without destroying the samples. It could also be used in detecting blending of high-moisture peanuts with those at acceptable levels. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA USA. RP Kandala, CVK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA USA. EM ckandala@nprl.usda.gov NR 6 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 715 EP 718 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 925DN UT WOS:000229031800028 ER PT J AU Wang, LJ Parnell, CB Shaw, BW Lacey, RE Buser, AD Goodrich, LB Capareda, SC AF Wang, LJ Parnell, CB Shaw, BW Lacey, RE Buser, AD Goodrich, LB Capareda, SC TI Correcting PM10 over-sampling problems for agricultural particulate matter emissions: Preliminary study SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE agricultural dust; co-located PM10 and TSP method; over-sampling; particulate matter; PM10 sampler; PM10 sampling error; PSD; TSP sampler AB The Federal Reference Method (FRM) ambient PM10 sampler does not always measure the true PM10 concentration. There are inherent sampling errors associated with the PM10 samplers due to the interaction of particle size distribution (PSD) and sampler performance characteristics. These sampling errors, which are the relative differences between theoretical estimation of the sampler concentration and the true concentration, should be corrected for equal regulation between industries. An alternative method to determine true PM10 concentration is to use the total suspended particulate (TSP) concentration and PM10 fraction of the PSD in question. This article reports a new theoretical method to correct PM10 sampling errors for a true PM10/TSP ratio. The new method uses co-located PM10/TSP samplers' measurements to derive the mass median diameter (MMD) of PSD and true PM10/TSP ratio. Correction equations and charts have been developed for the PMs with GSDs of 1.2, 1.3,..., 2.1, respectively, and the PM10 sampler with a cutpoint of 10 μ m and slope of 1.5. These equations and charts can be used to obtain a corrected PM10/TSP ratio for the given GSD and sampler characteristics. The corrected PM10/TSP ratio will be treated as the true PM10/TSP ratio for PM10 concentration calculations. This theoretical process to obtain a corrected PM10/TSP ratio will minimize the inherent PM10 sampler errors and will provide more accurate PM10 measurement for the given conditions. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX USA. USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Wang, LJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM lwang5@ncsu.edu NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 749 EP 755 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 925DN UT WOS:000229031800032 ER PT J AU Parker, DB Pandrangi, S Greene, LW Almas, LK Cole, NA Rhoades, AB Koziel, JA AF Parker, DB Pandrangi, S Greene, LW Almas, LK Cole, NA Rhoades, AB Koziel, JA TI Rate and frequency of urease inhibitor application for minimizing ammonia emissions from beef cattle feedyards SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE air quality; ammonia; beef cattle; feedlot; manure; nitrogen; odor; urea; urease ID LIQUID HOG MANURE; CHEMICAL AMENDMENTS; POULTRY LITTER; VOLATILIZATION; NITROGEN; FEEDLOT; PRODUCTS; WASTE; ODOR AB Reduction of ammonia emissions from animal feeding operations is important from the perspective of environmental policy and its impact on agriculture. A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate how rate and frequency of urease inhibitor application affect ammonia emissions from simulated beef cattle feedyard manure surfaces. The urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) was applied at rates of 0, 1, and 2 kg ha(-1), at 8, 16, and 32 day frequencies, and with or without simulated rainfall. Synthetic urine was added every two days to the manure surface. Gaseous ammonia was trapped by bubbling through a sulfuric acid solution using a vacuum system and analyzed for nitrogen using automated procedures. NBPT applied every 8 days was most effective, with the 1 and 2 kg NBPT ha(-1) treatments resulting in 49% to 69% reduction in ammonia emission rates, respectively. The 8-day, 1 kg NBPT ha(-1) treatments had the most promising benefit/cost ratios of 0.48 to 0.60. Simulated rainfall reduced the ammonia emission rates from 1% to 25% as compared to the non-rainfall treatments, although the differences were not statistically different. The use of NBPT for reducing ammonia emissions looks promising; however possible buildup of urea in the pen surface may require a higher NBPT application rate with time. C1 W Texas A&M Univ, Div Agr, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. USDA ARS, Bushland, TX USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA USA. RP Parker, DB (reprint author), W Texas A&M Univ, Div Agr, Box 60998, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. EM dparker@mail.wtamu.edu RI Koziel, Jacek/B-5483-2014 OI Koziel, Jacek/0000-0002-2387-0354 NR 24 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 787 EP 793 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 925DN UT WOS:000229031800036 ER PT J AU Brazee, RD Miller, ES Reding, ME Klein, MG Nudd, B Zhu, HP AF Brazee, RD Miller, ES Reding, ME Klein, MG Nudd, B Zhu, HP TI A transponder for harmonic radar tracking of the black vine weevil in behavioral research SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE antenna; insect; instrumentation; nursery; pesticide ID INSECTS; FLIGHT; TAGS AB The black vine weevil (BVW), Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Fabricius), is a major economic insect pest for growers of ornamental nursery crops and small fruits. Development of management strategies by entomologists and growers has been hampered by a lack of behavioral information on movement of BVW within agroecosystems. Although insects can be tracked using tag-and-release methods, the BVW is active primarily at night, cannot fly, and can be difficult to relocate. Harmonic radar technology has been used in entomological research and was investigated for applicability to the BVW problem. An insect-mounted, miniature transponder was developed to facilitate location in conjunction with a commercially available harmonic radar transceiver detector The transponder powered by a 0.917 GHz signal from the detector, returns a 1.834 GHz signal when detected. The transponder consists of a Schottky barrier diode with an inductively loaded monopole antenna and is lightweight at about 27% of a BVW body mass. Infield trials, insects were successfully released, relocated, and recovered after several days. C1 USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Zhu, HP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Ag Eng Bldg,OARDC,1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM zhu.16@osu.edu NR 15 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 831 EP 838 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 925DN UT WOS:000229031800042 ER PT J AU Field, JP Farrish, KW Oswald, BP Romig, MT Carter, EA AF Field, JP Farrish, KW Oswald, BP Romig, MT Carter, EA TI Forest site preparation effects on soil and nutrient losses in east Texas SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE erosion; forestry; herbicide; nutrients; prescribed fire; tillage ID PINE-HARDWOOD STANDS; SEDIMENT LOSSES; COASTAL-PLAIN; ORGANIC-MATTER; STORM FLOW; WATERSHEDS; PIEDMONT; RUNOFF; WETLAND; YIELDS AB Site preparation practices are frequently utilized in Southern pine ecosystems to facilitate planting and seedling establishment. Soil and nutrient losses were monitored in 12 bordered erosion plots following four site preparation treatments in a clearcut harvested loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L) forest in east Texas. Three replications of four site preparation treatments were used: (1) chemical herbicide followed by prescribed fire and mechanical tillage, (2) chemical herbicide followed by prescribed fire, (3) chemical herbicide only, and (4) unprepared control. Annual soil loss from the mechanical tillage and prescribed fire treatments (1273 kg ha(-1) and 885 kg ha(-1), respectively) was significantly greater than annual soil loss from the chemical herbicide and control treatments (240 kg ha(-1) and 219 kg ha(-1), respectively). During the first post-treatment year sediment concentration and overland flow increased significantly in the mechanical tillage and prescribed fire treatments with respect to control. Nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) concentrations and losses in sediment and overland flow temporarily increased after the mechanical tillage and prescribed fire treatments, but not after the chemical herbicide and control treatments. Nutrient concentrations and losses for all site preparation treatments were relatively small and should have little or no effects on water quality and long-term site productivity. C1 Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry & Agr, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL USA. RP Farrish, KW (reprint author), Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry & Agr, POB 6109,SFA Stn, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. EM kfarrish@sfasu.edu NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 861 EP 869 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 925DN UT WOS:000229031800045 ER PT J AU Grace, JM AF Grace, JM TI Forest operations and water quality in the South SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE BMPs; fertilization; forest roads; forestry; harvesting; hydrology; nonpoint; reviews ID PINE-HARDWOOD STANDS; ELLIOTTII FLATWOODS FORESTS; SITE PREPARATION; COASTAL-PLAIN; SEDIMENT LOSSES; ROAD SIDESLOPES; EROSION CONTROL; SOIL-EROSION; STREAMS; MANAGEMENT AB Southern forests, which rely on intensive management practices, are some of the most productive forests in the U.S. Intensive forest management utilizes forest operations, such as site preparation, fertilization, thinning, and harvesting, to increase site productivity and reduce rotation time. These operations are essential to meet the ever-increasing demands for timber products. Forest managers utilize forest operations as tools in an attempt to manage the nation's forestlands for multiple uses while maintaining or improving resource quality. Forest operations can influence nonpoint-source (NPS) pollution by disturbing natural processes that maintain water quality. In recent years, NPS pollution has been identified as the nation's largest source of water quality problems. Forest management activities have been identified as activities that influence NPS pollution in the South. Results of watershed-scale studies that investigated the effect of forest operations on water quality in the 13 southern states are highly variable. However, taken collectively, the results indicate that forest operations have little impact on the quality of water draining from forests in the South. Based on this review, best management practices (BMPs) show the potential to protect water quality following forest operations; however, accurate assessments Of the overall effectiveness of BMPs are not possible because the benefits of BMPs on different scales are relatively unknown. C1 US Forest Serv, GE Andrews Forestry Sci Lab, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. RP Grace, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, GE Andrews Forestry Sci Lab, So Res Stn, 520 Devall Dr, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. EM jmgrace@fs.fed.us NR 88 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 871 EP 880 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 925DN UT WOS:000229031800046 ER PT J AU Sala, A Peters, GD McIntyre, LR Harrington, MG AF Sala, A Peters, GD McIntyre, LR Harrington, MG TI Physiological responses of ponderosa pine in western Montana to thinning, prescribed fire and burning season SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE forest management; photosynthesis; Pinus ponderosa; prescribed burning; soil nitrogen; water potential ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; GAS-EXCHANGE; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; GROWTH-RESPONSE; CENTRAL OREGON; SOIL-NITROGEN; NATURAL AREA; WATER; FOREST AB Low-elevation ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Doug]. ex. Laws.) forests of the northern Rocky Mountains historically experienced frequent low-intensity fires that maintained open uneven-aged stands. A century of fire exclusion has contributed to denser ponderosa pine forests with greater competition for resources, higher tree stress and greater risk of insect attack and stand- destroying fire. Active management intended to restore a semblance of the more sustainable historic stand structure and composition includes selective thinning and prescribed fire. However, little is known about the relative effects of these management practices on the physiological performance of ponderosa pine. We measured soil water and nitrogen availability, physiological performance and wood radial increment of second growth ponderosa pine trees at the Lick Creek Experimental Site in the Bitterroot National Forest, Montana, 8 and 9 years after the application of four treatments: thinning only; thinning followed by prescribed fire in the spring: thinning followed by prescribed fire in the fall; and untreated controls. Volumetric soil water content and resin capsule ammonium did not differ among treatments. Resin capsule nitrate in the control treatment was similar to that in all other treatments, although burned treatments had lower nitrate relative to the thinned-only treatment. Trees of similar size and canopy condition in the three thinned treatments (with and without fire) displayed higher leaf-area-based photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and mid-morning leaf water potential in June and July, and higher wood radial increment relative to trees in control units. Specific leaf area, mass-based leaf nitrogen content and carbon isotope discrimination did not vary among treatments. Our results suggest that, despite minimal differences in soil resource availability, trees in managed units where basal area was reduced had improved gas exchange and growth compared with trees in unmanaged units. Prescribed fire (either in the spring or in the fall) in addition to thinning, had no measurable effect on the mid-term physiological performance and wood growth of second growth ponderosapine. C1 Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. USFS, Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Sala, A (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM sala@mso.umt.edu NR 69 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 7 U2 31 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 339 EP 348 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 904OI UT WOS:000227507200009 PM 15631982 ER PT J AU Confer, AW Fulton, RW Step, DL Johnson, BJ Ridpath, JF AF Confer, AW Fulton, RW Step, DL Johnson, BJ Ridpath, JF TI Viral antigen distribution in the respiratory tract of cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus subtype 2a SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bovine viral diarrhea virus; BVDV; cattle; immunohistochemistry; persistent infection; respiratory tract ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE FUNCTIONS; PASTEURELLA HAEMOLYTICA; SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; BVDV SUBTYPE; DISEASE; CALVES; GENOTYPES; CELLS; 1B AB Tissues were obtained at necropsy from the nasal vestibule, turbinates, nasopharynx, trachea, tracheobronchial bifurcation, and lung from each of 10 clinically healthy calves persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) serotype 2a. Tissues from the nasal vestibule were obtained by biopsy from five additional PI calves. Formalin-fixed tissues were processed for immunohistochemistry to localize the distribution of BVDV throughout the respiratory tract. Anti-en distribution and intensity were subjectively evaluated. Throughout the respiratory tract, mononuclear leukocytes, vascular smooth muscle, and endoneural and perineural cells had BVDV immunoreactivity (BVDV-IR). Multifocally, squamous and ciliated columnar epithelium throughout the respiratory tract contained weak to moderate BVDV antigen. Viral antigen was not seen in goblet cells. BVDV-IR in mixed tubuloalveolar glands of the nasal cavity was weak to strong in serous secretory cells and ductular epithelium. Chondrocytes of the concha often contained BVDV antigen diffusely. Nasal mucus-secreting and tracheobronchial glands multifocally contained weak viral signal. In all cases, alveolar macrophages had moderate to strong BVDV-IR, whereas BVDV-IR in alveolar epithelial cells was weak to moderate. BVDV was present in interalveolar leukocytes and mesenchymal cells. Results indicate that serous secretions of the nasal cavity, productive viral infection of epithelium, and infected leukocytes in respiratory secretions are likely major sources of infectious BVDV from PI calves. The presence of BVDV antigen in respiratory epithelium is, at least, indirect support for the notion that this virus predisposes PI cattle to secondary microbial infections. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Oklahoma Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Confer, AW (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, 211 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM aconfer@okstate.edu NR 40 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 42 IS 2 BP 192 EP 199 DI 10.1354/vp.42-2-192 PG 8 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 901RU UT WOS:000227300400010 PM 15753473 ER PT J AU Cheung, AK AF Cheung, AK TI Detection of rampant nucleotide reversion at the origin of DNA replication of porcine circovirus type 1 SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE porcine circovirus; origin of DNA replication ID MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING SYNDROME; NONESSENTIAL TRANSCRIPTION UNITS; SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; PLANT CIRCOVIRUSES; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; FEATHER DISEASE; VIRAL PROTEIN; VIRUS; SEQUENCE; PIGS AB Mutational analysis was conducted to investigate the involvement of the "loop-sequence" (which is flanked by a pair of 11-nucleotide inverted repeats) at the origin of DNA replication of porcine circovirus type I with respect to viral protein synthesis, DNA self-replication and progeny virus production. The results demonstrated that an octanucleotide (A(1)G(2)T(3)A(4)T(5)T(6)A(7)C(8)) embedded in the loop is essential for viral DNA replication. Similar to previous work with porcine circovirus type 2, this octanucleotide can be further condensed to an essential core element represented by AxTAxTAC. After transfection, mutations introduced into the positions indicated by x (positions 2 and 5) were retained in the progeny viruses, while mutations engineered into the positions specified by the indicated nucleotides either did not yield any progeny virus (positions 6, 7, and 8) or they reverted back to wild-type nucleotide to generate infectious progeny viruses (positions 1, 3, and 4). In comparison to porcine circovirus type 2, porcine circovirus type 1 mutant genomes with perturbed octanucleotide sequences exhibited higher propensity to revert to wild-type under similar experimental conditions. The rate and frequency at which some of the nucleotide reversions occurred suggest that base complementarity may not be the governing factor for nucleotide incorporation at the porcine circovirus origin of DNA replication, and that the Rep-associated protein(s) may play a critical role in this process. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Cheung, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM acheung@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 333 IS 1 BP 22 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2004.12.016 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 899BD UT WOS:000227119000003 PM 15708589 ER PT J AU Vilcek, S Ridpath, JF Van Campen, H Cavender, JL Warg, J AF Vilcek, S Ridpath, JF Van Campen, H Cavender, JL Warg, J TI Characterization of a novel pestivirus originating from a pronghorn antelope SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pestivirus; genotype; pronghorn antelope; phylogeny ID VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS; BORDER DISEASE VIRUS; COMPLETE GENOMIC SEQUENCE; HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; REGION; DEER; IDENTIFICATION AB A unique pestivirus, isolated from a pronghorn antelope (Antilocopra americana), was characterized. Serum neutralization studies suggested that this virus was antigenically related to pestiviruses. Genomic characteristics, unique to pestiviruses, indicated that this virus belongs to the Pestivirus genus. These characteristics included the organization of the 5' untranslated region (5'-UTR), the presence and length of a viral NPpro coding region, conservation of cysteine residues in N-pro, conservation of predicted amino acid sequences flanking the cleavage sites between viral polypeptides N-pro and C and between C and E-rms and conservation of predicted hydrophobicity plots of N-pro protein. While this data indicated the virus belongs to the Pestivirus genus, phylogenetic analysis in 5'-UTR, N-pro and E2 regions suggested that it is the most divergent of the pestiviruses identified to date. This conclusion was also supported by the amino acid identity in coding regions. The corresponding values were much lower for the comparison of pronghorn pestivirus to other pestivirus genotypes than only between previous recognized genotypes. These results suggest the virus isolated from pronghorn antelope represents a new pestivirus genotype. It also represents the only pestivirus genotype first isolated from New World wildlife. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Vet Med, Dept Parasitol & Infect Dis, Kosice 04181, Slovakia. USDA ARS, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Wyoming State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. USDA, Diagnost Virol Lab, Natl Vet Serv Lab, APHIS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Vilcek, S (reprint author), Univ Vet Med, Dept Parasitol & Infect Dis, Komenskeho 73, Kosice 04181, Slovakia. EM vilcek@uvm.sk NR 50 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 108 IS 1-2 BP 187 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2004.09.010 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 898NO UT WOS:000227083700021 PM 15681069 ER PT J AU Massinga, RA Al-Khatib, K St Amand, P Miller, JF AF Massinga, RA Al-Khatib, K St Amand, P Miller, JF TI Relative fitness of imazamox-resistant common sunflower and prairie sunflower SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fitness; gene flow; imidazolinone herbicides ID GENE FLOW; HERBICIDE-RESISTANT; SULFONYLUREA-RESISTANT; TRIAZINE-RESISTANT; IMIDAZOLINONE-RESISTANT; AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE; HELIANTHUS ASTERACEAE; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; ECOLOGICAL RISKS; WILD POPULATIONS AB Resistance to imidazolinone (IMI) herbicides has been incorporated recently into domesticated sunflower through conventional breeding methods. However, there are concerns regarding gene flow of the IMI-resistance trait to wild species and possible accompanying ecological consequences. Hybrids of domesticated sunflower with both common sunflower and prairie sunflower were created, with and without the imazamox-resistance trait. The relative fitness of imazamox-resistant (IMI-R) hybrids was compared with their imazamox-susceptible (IMI-S) counterparts. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the growth of IMI-R and IMI-S common and prairie sunflower hybrids under noncompetitive conditions. The photosynthesis rate of IMI-S prairie sunflower was slightly higher than that of IMI-R plants. However, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, leaf area, and total dry weight were similar in IMI-R and IMI-S common and prairie sunflower, whereas plant height of IMI-S hybrid was greater than that of IMI-R common sunflower hybrids. A replacement series study was conducted under field conditions in 2001 and 2002 to evaluate the relative competitiveness of IMI-R and IMI-S common and prairie sunflower. IMI-R R and IMI-S hybrids of both sunflower species were equally competitive. The results suggest that, in the absence of IMI herbicides, genes controlling IMI-R do not reduce or increase the competitive ability of either common or prairie sunflower. Therefore, if the IMI-resistant trait is incorporated in these species, the frequency of IMI-resistance genes is unlikely to decrease, even in the absence of IMI selection pressure. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Massinga, RA (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM khatib@ksu.edu NR 46 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 2 BP 166 EP 174 DI 10.1614/WS-03-152R1 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 906EW UT WOS:000227624300005 ER PT J AU Masin, R Zuin, MC Archer, DW Forcella, F Zanin, G AF Masin, R Zuin, MC Archer, DW Forcella, F Zanin, G TI WeedTurf: a predictive model to aid control of annual summer weeds in turf SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE annual grass weeds; emergence prediction; hydrothermal time; turf ID SURFACE SOIL-TEMPERATURE; HYDROTHERMAL TIME; SEED-GERMINATION; SIMULTANEOUS HEAT; WATER MODEL; EMERGENCE; DORMANCY; SYSTEM AB Predicting weed emergence is useful for planning weed management programs. Unfortunately, our ability to anticipate initial emergence and subsequent levels of emergence from simple field observations or weather reports is often inadequate to achieve optimal control. Weed emergence models may provide predictive tools that help managers anticipate best management options and times and, thereby, improve weed control. In this study, the germination characteristics of four annual grass weeds (large crabgrass, goosegrass, green foxtail, and yellow foxtail) were investigated under different temperatures and water stresses to calculate base temperatures and base water potentials. These parameters were used to develop a mathematical model describing seedling emergence processes in terms of hydrothermal time. Hydrothermal time describes seed germination in a single equation by considering the interaction of soil water potential and soil temperature. The model, called WeedTurf, predicted emergence with some accuracy, especially for large crabgrass (lowest efficiency index [EF] value 0.95) and green foxtail (lowest EF value 0.91). These results suggest the possibility of developing interactive computer software to determine the critical timing of weed removal and provide improved recommendations for herbicide application timing. C1 Univ Padua, Dipartimento Agron Ambientale & Prod Vegetali, I-35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy. CNR, IBAF, I-35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Masin, R (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dipartimento Agron Ambientale & Prod Vegetali, Viale Univ,16, I-35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy. EM roberta.masin@unipd.it OI Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040 NR 36 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 2 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.1614/WS-04-066R1 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 906EW UT WOS:000227624300008 ER PT J AU Wiles, LJ AF Wiles, LJ TI Sampling to make maps for site-specific weed management SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Site-Specific Weed Management held at theAnnual Conference of the Weed-Science-Society-of-America CY 2004 CL Kansas City, MO SP Weed Sci Soc Amer DE geostatistics; scouting; spatial correlation; spatial dependence ID LAMBSQUARTERS CHENOPODIUM-ALBUM; CONTROL DECISION-MAKING; SPATIAL DEPENDENCE; SEEDLING POPULATIONS; SOIL PROPERTIES; DISTRIBUTIONS; VARIABILITY; STABILITY; DENSITIES; STRATEGY AB Growers need affordable methods to sample weed populations to reduce herbicide use with site-specific weed management. Sampling programs and methods of developing sampling programs for integrated pest management are not sufficient for site-specific weed management because more and different information is needed to make treatment maps than simply estimate average pest density. Sampling plans for site-specific weed management must provide information to map the weeds in the field but should be developed for the objective of prescribing spatially variable management. Weed scientists will be most successful at designing plans for site-specific weed management if they focus on this objective throughout the process of designing a sampling plan. They must also learn more about the spatial distribution and dynamics of weed populations and use that knowledge to identify cost-effective plans, recommend methods to make maps as well as collect data, and find ways to evaluate maps that reflect management to be prescribed from the map. Foremost, sampling must be thought of as an ongoing process over time that uses many types of information rather than a single event of collecting one type of information. Specifically, scientists will need to identify common characteristics rather than just differences of the spatial distribution of weeds among fields and species, recognize that map accuracy may be a poor indicator of the value of a sampling plan, and develop methods to use growers' knowledge of the distribution of weeds and past spatially variable management within a field for both making a map and recommending a sampling plan. The value of proposed methods for sampling and mapping must also be demonstrated or adoption of site-specific weed management might be limited to growers who enjoy using sophisticated technology. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Wiles, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM lori.wiles@ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 2 BP 228 EP 235 DI 10.1614/WS-04-057R1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 906EW UT WOS:000227624300013 ER PT J AU Campbell, TA Laseter, BR Ford, WM Miller, KV AF Campbell, TA Laseter, BR Ford, WM Miller, KV TI Population characteristics of a central Appalachian white-tailed deer herd SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Appalachians; mortality; Odocoileus virginianus; recruitment; reproduction; survival; white-tailed deer ID HARDWOOD FORESTS; MORTALITY-RATES; DYNAMICS; PENNSYLVANIA; MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEM; SURVIVAL; IMPACTS; USA AB Reliable estimates of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) population parameters are needed for effective population management. We used radiotelemetry to compare survival and cause-specific mortality rates between male and female white-tailed deer and present reproductive data for a high-density deer herd in the central Appalachians of West Virginia during February 1999-May 2002. We recorded 343 winter deer captures. Our capture rate of 78 fawns/100 adult females was similar to visual observations of known fawns and adult female deer during winter. In-utero reproductive rates of adults (>= 1 year old) was 138 fawns:100 females, based on a sample of 44 female deer. We radiomonitored 148 female and 43 male deer during the 3-year study. Yearling male annual mortality rates for human-induced and natural mortality were 0.63 (SD=0.09) and 0.12 (SD=0.12), respectively. Conversely, among yearling females, annual mortality rates for human-induced and natural mortality were 0.09 (SD=0.06) and 0.05 (SD=0.03), respectively. Adult male annual mortality rates for human-induced and natural mortality were 0.73 (SD=0.16) and 0.00, respectively, whereas adult female annual mortality rates for human-induced and natural mortality were 0.04 (SD=0.01) and 0.08 (SD=0.02), respectively. Our observed survival, mortality, capture, and reproductive data are characteristic of a population shaped by moderate fawn recruitment and excessive harvest of yearling male deer. We recommend a reduction in female deer to promote forest regeneration and protect biodiversity in this region. We believe this can best be achieved by liberalizing antlerless harvest regulations, through hunter education and corporate landowner incentive programs. C1 Texas A&M Univ, NWRC, Texas Field Stn, Kingsville, TX 78362 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Campbell, TA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, NWRC, Texas Field Stn, Kingsville, TX 78362 USA. EM tyler.a.campbell@aphis.usda.gov NR 62 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 BP 212 EP 221 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[212:PCOACA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 945RX UT WOS:000230521000029 ER PT J AU Werner, SJ Homan, HJ Avery, ML Linz, GM Tillman, EA Slowik, AA Byrd, RW Primus, TM Goodall, MJ AF Werner, SJ Homan, HJ Avery, ML Linz, GM Tillman, EA Slowik, AA Byrd, RW Primus, TM Goodall, MJ TI Evaluation of Bird Shield (TM) as a blackbird repellent in ripening rice and sunflower fields SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Agelaius phoeniceus; brown-headed cowbird; chemical repellent; common grackle; methyl anthranilate; Molothrus ater; Quiscalus quiscula; red-winged blackbird; wildlife damage management; Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus; yellow-headed blackbird ID RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS; METHYL ANTHRANILATE; DIMETHYL ANTHRANILATE; LIVESTOCK FEED; CANADA GEESE; DAMAGE; FORMULATION; METHIOCARB; CORN AB Chemical repellents sometimes can provide a nonlethal alternative for reducing wildlife impacts to agricultural production. In late summer and autumn 2002, we evaluated Bird Shield (TM) (active ingredient: methyl anthranilate, Bird Shield Repellent Corporation, Spokane, Wash.) as a blackbird (Icteridae) repellent in Missouri rice fields and North Dakota sunflower fields. We selected 5 pairs of ripening rice fields in southeastern Missouri and randomly allocated treatments (treated and control) within pairs. The repellent was aerially applied by fixed-winged aircraft at the recommended label rate and volume (1.17 L Bird Shield/ha and 46.7 L/ha, respectively); 1 field received 2X the label rate. We observed no difference in average bird activity (birds/minute) between treated and control fields over the 3-day post-treatment period (P = 0.503). We used reversed-phase liquid chromatography to quantify methyl anthranilate residues in treated fields. The maximum concentration of methyl anthrandate in rice samples was 4.71 mu g/g. This concentration was below reported threshold values that irritate birds. In North Dakota we selected 6 pairs of sunflower fields used by foraging blackbirds. We randomly selected 1 field from each pair for 2 aerial applications of Bird Shield at the label-recommended rate similar to 1 week apart. The remaining 6 fields served as controls. Daily bird counts, starting the first day of application and continuing for 5-7 days after the second application, showed similar numbers of blackbirds within treated and control fields (P = 0.964). We observed no difference in sunflower damage within treated and control fields (P = 0.172) prior and subsequent to the treatment. Bird Shield was not effective for repelling blackbirds from ripening rice and sunflower fields. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,N Dakota Field Stn, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Florida Field Stn, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Delta Ctr, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. RP Werner, SJ (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Scott.J.Werner@aphis.usda.gov NR 33 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 BP 251 EP 257 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[251:EOBSAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 945RX UT WOS:000230521000033 ER PT J AU Loynachan, AT Pettigrew, JE Wiseman, BS Kunkle, RA Harris, DL AF Loynachan, AT Pettigrew, JE Wiseman, BS Kunkle, RA Harris, DL TI Evaluation of a diet free of animal protein in germfree swine SO XENOTRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE animal protein-free; diet; probiotics; swine ID DISEASE TRANSMISSION; PIGS; XENOTRANSPLANTATION; AGENT; CONTAMINATION; BACTERIA; PIGLETS; FEED AB Background: Two experiments were conducted in which germfree pigs or pigs monoassociated with Lactobacillus paracasei subspecies paracasei were fed either a traditional milk-based diet (Esbilac) or an experimental diet free of animal protein (DFAP). Methods: Throughout the 16-day study, animals' clinical condition, total weight gain, feed conversion, and bacterial contamination were monitored. At the conclusion of the study the animals were killed, necropsied and tissues sampled for L. paracasei isolation. Results: General pig disposition remained consistent between treatment groups and trials, except for two animals that developed mild diarrhoea during trial 1. All pigs remained viable during the study irrespective the diet fed or probiotic inoculation. Germfree pigs fed the Esbilac diet gained on average a total of 1034 +/- 63.0 g, and had a feed conversion ratio of 0.17 +/- 0.01 g of gain per 1 ml of diet. Germfree pigs fed the experimental diet gained on average a total of 599 +/- 151 g, and had a feed conversion ratio of 0.10 +/- 0.02 g of gain per 1 ml of diet. Monoassociated pigs fed the Esbilac diet gained on average a total of 862 +/- 70.3 g, and had a feed conversion ratio 0.14 +/- 0.01 g of gain per 1 ml of diet. Monoassociated pigs fed the experimental diet gained on average a total of 563 +/- 96.8 g, and had a feed conversion ratio of 0.09 +/- 0.02 g of gain per 1 ml of diet. Lactobacillus paracasei established extensively in pigs fed either the Esbilac or experimental diets. Lactobacillus paracasei had no effect (P > 0.05) on piglet growth and did not display any interactions based on the diet fed. Measured growth parameters were statistically different (P < 0.05) based on the diet fed and variance seen between trials. Conclusion: In conclusion, a DFAP has been developed and has been shown to be capable of sustaining life in piglets up to 16 days of age. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Coll Agr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Nextran Inc, Princeton, NJ USA. ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Loynachan, AT (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Coll Agr, Room 11,Kildee Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM bosshog@iastate.edu NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0908-665X J9 XENOTRANSPLANTATION JI Xenotransplantation PD MAR PY 2005 VL 12 IS 2 BP 149 EP 155 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2005.00210.x PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Transplantation SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Transplantation GA 894JX UT WOS:000226788600009 PM 15693846 ER PT J AU Schepers, JS Francis, DD Shanahan, JF AF Schepers, JS Francis, DD Shanahan, JF TI Relay cropping for improved air and water quality SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Phytoremediation - Environmental and Molecular Biological Aspects CY SEP 09-12, 2004 CL Matrahaza, HUNGARY SP Hungarian Acad Sci, OECD, Minist Environm Hungary DE agriculture; air quality; nitrogen management AB Using plants to extract excess nitrate from soil is important in protecting against eutrophication of standing water, hypoxic conditions in lakes and oceans, or elevated nitrate concentrations in domestic water supplies. Global climate change issues have raised new concerns about nitrogen (N) management as it relates to crop production even though there may not be an immediate threat to water quality. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are frequently considered the primary cause of global climate change, but under anaerobic conditions, animals can contribute by expelling methane (CH4) as do soil microbes. In terms of the potential for global climate change, CH4 is similar to 25 times more harmful than CO2. This differential effect is minuscule compared to when nitrous oxide (N2O) is released into the atmosphere because it is similar to 300 times more harmful than CO2. N2O losses from soil have been positively correlated with residual N (nitrate, NO3) concentrations in soil. It stands to reason that phytoremediation via nitrate scavenger crops is one approach to help protect air quality, as well as soil and water quality. Winter wheat was inserted into a seed corn/soybean rotation to utilize soil nitrate and thereby reduce the potential for nitrate leaching and N2O emissions. The net effect of the 2001-2003 relay cropping sequence was to produce three crops in two years, scavenge 130 kg N/ha from the root zone, produce an extra 2 Mg residue/ha, and increase producer profitability by similar to$ 250/ha. C1 USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Schepers, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE USA. EM jschepers1@unl.edu OI Shanahan, John/0000-0003-3173-4245 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0939-5075 J9 Z NATURFORSCH C JI Z.Naturforsch.(C) PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 60 IS 3-4 BP 186 EP 189 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 940NX UT WOS:000230152300006 PM 15948582 ER PT J AU Chaney, RL Angle, JS Mclntosh, MS Reeves, RD Li, YM Brewer, EP Chen, KY Roseberg, RJ Perner, H Synkowski, EC Broadhurst, CL Wang, S Baker, AJM AF Chaney, RL Angle, JS Mclntosh, MS Reeves, RD Li, YM Brewer, EP Chen, KY Roseberg, RJ Perner, H Synkowski, EC Broadhurst, CL Wang, S Baker, AJM TI Using hyperaccumulator plants to phytoextract soil Ni and Cd SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Phytoremediation - Environmental and Molecular Biological Aspects CY SEP 09-12, 2004 CL Matrahaza, HUNGARY SP Hungarian Acad Sci, OECD, Minist Environm Hungary DE zinc; Thlaspi caerulescens; Alyssum murale ID THLASPI-CAERULESCENS; CONTAMINATED SOILS; CADMIUM; ZINC; PHYTOREMEDIATION; ABSORPTION; EXPOSURE; HEALTH; WOMEN; RISK AB Two strategies of phytoextraction have been shown to have promise for practical soil remediation: domestication of natural hyperaccumulators and bioengineering plants with the genes that allow natural hyperaccumulators to achieve useful phytoextraction. Because different elements have different value, some can be phytomined for profit and others can be phytoremediated at lower cost than soil removal and replacement. Ni phytoextraction from contaminated or mineralized soils offers economic return greater than producing most crops, especially when considering the low fertility or phytotoxicity of Ni rich soils. Only soils that require remediation based on risk assessment will comprise the market for phytoremediation. Improved risk assessment has indicated that most Zn + Cd contaminated soils will not require Cd phytoextraction because the Zn limits practical risk from soil Cd. But rice and tobacco, and foods grown on soils with Cd contamination without corresponding 100-fold greater Zn contamination, allow Cd to readily enter food plants and diets. Clear evidence of human renal tubular dysfunction from soil Cd has only been obtained for subsistence rice farm families in Asia. Because of historic metal mining and smelting, Zn + Cd contaminated rice soils have been found in Japan, China, Korea, Vietnam and Thailand. Phytoextraction using southern France populations of Thlaspi caerulescens appears to be the only practical method to alleviate Cd risk without soil removal and replacement. The southern France plants accumulate 10-20-fold higher Cd in shoots than most T caerulescens populations such as those from Belgium and the UK. Addition of fertilizers to maximize yield does not reduce Cd concentration in shoots; and soil management promotes annual Cd removal. The value of Cd in the plants is low, so the remediation. service must pay the costs of Cd phytoextraction plus profits to the parties who conduct phytoextraction. Some other plants have been studied for Cd phytoextraction, but annual removals are much lower than the best T caerulescens. Improved cultivars with higher yields and retaining this remarkable Cd phytoextraction potential are being bred using normal plant breeding techniques. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. Massey Univ, Inst Fundamental Sci Chem, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Viridian LLC, Houston, TX USA. Oregon State Univ, Central Point, OR USA. Univ Hohenheim, Inst Plant Nutr, D-7000 Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Phytoextract Associates LLC, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Chaney, RL (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM chaneyr@ba.ars.usda.gov RI McIntosh, Marla/A-3441-2011 OI McIntosh, Marla/0000-0002-4169-8615 NR 33 TC 71 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 24 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, 72016 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0939-5075 J9 Z NATURFORSCH C JI Z.Naturforsch.(C) PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 60 IS 3-4 BP 190 EP 198 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 940NX UT WOS:000230152300007 PM 15948583 ER PT J AU Baker, JM Griffis, TJ AF Baker, JM Griffis, TJ TI Examining strategies to improve the carbon balance of corn/soybean agriculture using eddy covariance and mass balance techniques SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon balance; NEE; cover crop; strip tillage; sequestration; corn-soybean rotation ID ENERGY-BALANCE; SOIL CARBON; TILLAGE; SEQUESTRATION; FLUXES; FOREST; EXCHANGE; DIOXIDE; ROTATION; NITROGEN AB There is much interest in the role that agricultural practices might play in sequestering carbon to help offset rising atmospheric CO, concentrations. A number of management methods that might increase soil C levels have been suggested, but there are scant available data to properly support recommendations or policy changes. We have used eddy covariance measurements of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) in contrasting management systems to discern the impact of two specific practices, reduced tillage and a spring cover crop in the soybean year, on the biennial C balance of a com/soybean rotation, the dominant cropping system in much of the midwestern United States. Measurements commenced in fall 2001, immediately following corn harvest and tillage, and continued through a year of soybean and a year of corn. One of the two fields was farmed conventionally (CONV), with fall chisel/disk tillage after each harvest, soybean planting in late May (2002), and corn planting in early May (2003). In the alternative field (ALT), we used reduced tillage (strip till) each fall following harvest, and a spring oats cover crop in the soybean year (2002) that was planted in early April, then killed with a herbicide shortly after soybean planting. Both fields have the same soil type, and were similarly instrumented, with a sonic anemometer and open-path infrared gas analyzer. Reduced tillage resulted in somewhat lower soil respiration rates in both autumns in ALT, relative to CONV Also, the spring oats cover crop prior to soybean did fix additional C, but it was rapidly respired after the oats were killed, and the surface crop residue slowed the initial development of the subsequent soybean crop. Soybean yields for the two fields were similar, but slightly higher for CONV, a pattern that was more pronounced with corn the following year. Overall, cumulative NEE was larger (more C fixed) in the conventional field, but C removed in yield in the conventional field was larger too, so that the apparent change in soil organic carbon (ASOC), estimated as NEE - harvested C, in the two fields was nearly identical. In both treatments the apparent ASOC was negative (approximately 90 g C m(-2) SOC lost over the biennium, or about 20% of cumulative NEE) but this may be at least partially due to systematic underestimation by eddy covariance rather than an actual loss of SOC. We conclude that neither of these management practices (reduced tillage, spring cover crop) resulted in any C sequestration within the first two years of implementation that is resolvable with current measurement methods. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Baker, JM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jbaker@umn.edu RI Griffis, Timothy/A-5707-2011 NR 31 TC 100 Z9 110 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 128 IS 3-4 BP 163 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.11.005 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 898XB UT WOS:000227108400002 ER PT J AU Appell, M Willett, JL Momany, FA AF Appell, M Willett, JL Momany, FA TI DFT study of alpha- and beta-D-mannopyranose at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE B3LYP/6-311++G**; Mannose; glucose; chair; Hessian; relative free energy ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; FORCE-FIELD; D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE; GAS-PHASE; BASIS-SET; SPECTROSCOPY; INITIO; CONFORMATIONS; SUGARS; B3LYP/6-311++G AB Thirty-five conformations of alpha- and beta-D-mannopyranose, the C-2 substituted epimer of glucopyranose, were geometry optimized using the density functional (B3LYP), and basis set (6-311 ++G**). Full geometry optimization was performed on the hydroxymethyl rotamers (gg/gt/tg) and an analytical hessian program was used to calculate the harmonic vibrational frequencies, zero point energy, enthalpy, and entropy. The lowest energy conformation investigated is the beta-tg in the C-4(l) chair conformation. The in vacuo calculations showed little energetic preference for either the alpha or beta anomer for mannopyranose in the C-4(l) chair conformation. Results are compared to similar glucopyranose calculations in vacuo where the alpha anomer is similar to 1 kcal/mol lower in electronic energy than the beta anomer. In the case of the generally higher energy C-1(4) chair conformations, one low-energy, low-entropy beta-gg-C-1(4) chair conformation was identified that is within similar to 1.4 kcal/mol of the lowest energy C-4(l) conformation of mannopyranose. Other C-1(4) chair conformations in our investigation are similar to 2.9-7.9 kcal/mol higher in overall energy. Many of the B-3,B-O, B-3,B-O, B-1,B-4, and B-1,B-4 boat forms passed through transitions without barriers to S-1(3), S-5(1), S-1(5) skew forms with energies between similar to 3.6 and 8.9 kcal/mol higher in energy than the lowest energy conformation of mannopyranose. Boat forms were found that remained stable upon gradient optimization. As with glucopyranose, the orientation and interaction of the hydroxy groups make a significant contribution to the conformation/energy relationship in vacuo. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Momany, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM momanyfa@ncaur.usda.gov NR 34 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 340 IS 3 BP 459 EP 468 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2004.10.010 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 898BO UT WOS:000227051000014 PM 15680602 ER PT J AU Welker, TL Shoemaker, CA Arias, CR Klesius, PH AF Welker, TL Shoemaker, CA Arias, CR Klesius, PH TI Transmission and detection of Flavobacterium columnare in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Flavobacterium columnare; columnaris disease; PCR; channel catfish; detection ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; FLEXIBACTER-COLUMNARIS; IDENTIFICATION; FISH; TISSUE; AMPLIFICATION; MARITIMUS; PATHOGENS; NOV; DNA AB A specific and rapid PCR detection method for Flavobacterium columnare based on the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region (ISR) of the ribosomal RNA operon has been developed. The ISR of 30 F. columnare strains and other Flavobacterium species was amplified using universal primers and sequenced. Once F. columnare specific sequences within the ISR were recognized, specific PCR primers were designed against them (FCISRFL and FCISRR1). The primers were sensitive and able to detect as low as 7 colony forming units from pure culture by PCR. The new PCR detection method was applied to experimentally infected channel catfish. Two different experiments in which channel catfish fingerlings were infected by intramuscular injection or by immersion bath showed the advantage of the PCR method over standard culture techniques. F columnare was detected by PCR in both tank water and catfish tissue samples with a higher frequency and in less time than standard microbiological methods. Furthermore, PCR detection confirmed that F columnare can be transmitted horizontally indirectly through the water column without fish-to-fish contact. The newly developed PCR detection method for F. columnare was more sensitive and rapid than standard culture on bacteriological media for detection of F columnare in channel catfish tissues and in tank water. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Welker, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. EM twelker@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 63 IS 2-3 BP 129 EP 138 DI 10.3354/dao063129 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 929NY UT WOS:000229354000006 PM 15819428 ER PT J AU Arnold, JG Fohrer, N AF Arnold, JG Fohrer, N TI SWAT2000: current capabilities and research opportunities in applied watershed modelling SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material DE hydrologic modelling; water quality modelling; environmental policy ID SYSTEME HYDROLOGIQUE EUROPEEN; LAND-USE CHANGES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RUNOFF; SIMULATION; CATCHMENTS; SCALE; BASIN; RIVER; SHE AB SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) is a conceptual, continuous time model that was developed in the early 1990s to assist water resource managers in assessing the impact of management and climate on water supplies and non-point source pollution in watersheds and large river basins. SWAT is the continuation of over 30 years of model development within the US Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service and was developed to 'scale up' past field-scale models to large river basins. Model components include weather, hydrology, erosion/sedimentation, plant growth, nutrients, pesticides, agricultural management, stream routing and pond/reservoir routing. The latest version, SWAT2000, has several significant enhancements that include: bacteria transport routines; urban routines; Green and Ampt infiltration equation; improved weather generator; ability to read in daily solar radiation, relative humidity, wind speed and potential ET; Muskingum channel routing; and modified dormancy calculations for tropical areas. A complete set of model documentation for equations and algorithms, a user manual describing model inputs and outputs, and an ArcView interface manual are now complete for SWAT2000. The model has been recoded into Fortran 90 with a complete data dictionary, dynamic allocation of arrays and modular subroutines. Current research is focusing on bacteria, riparian zones, pothole topography, forest growth, channel downcutting and widening, and input uncertainty analysis. The model SWAT is meanwhile used in many countries all over the world. Recent developments in European Environmental Policy, such as the adoption of the European Water Framework directive in December 2000, demand tools for integrative river basin management. The model SWAT is applicable for this purpose. It is a flexible model that can be used under a wide range of different environmental conditions, as this special issue will show. The papers compiled here are the result of the first International SWAT Conference held in August 2001 in Rauischholzhausen, Germany. More than 50 participants from 14 countries discussed their modelling experiences with the model development team from the USA. Nineteen selected papers with issues reaching from the newest developments, the evaluation of river basin management, interdisciplinary approaches for river basin management, the impact of land use change, methodical aspects and models derived from SWAT are published in this special issue. Copyright (C) 2005 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Univ Kiel, Ctr Ecol, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources Management, Kiel, Germany. RP Arnold, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM jgarnold@spa.ars.usda.gov RI Fohrer, Dr., Nicola/C-6313-2011 OI Fohrer, Dr., Nicola/0000-0002-7456-6301 NR 57 TC 513 Z9 553 U1 44 U2 315 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 SI SI BP 563 EP 572 DI 10.1002/hyp.5611 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 900RF UT WOS:000227231300001 ER PT J AU Abu El-Nasr, A Arnold, JG Feyen, J Berlamont, J AF Abu El-Nasr, A Arnold, JG Feyen, J Berlamont, J TI Modelling the hydrology of a catchment using a distributed and a semi-distributed model SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Soil and Watershed Assessment Tool Conference (SWAT) CY AUG, 2001 CL Rauischholzhausen, GERMANY DE hydrology; semi- and fully distributed model; performance indices ID VALIDATION; SYSTEM; CALIBRATION; SIMULATION; EUROPEEN; SHE AB Various hydrological models exist that describe the phases in the hydrologic cycle either in an empirical, semi-mechanistic or fully mechanistic way. The way and level of detail for the different processes of the hydrologic cycle that needs to be described depends on the objective, the application and the availability of data. In this study the performance of two different models, the fully distributed MIKE SHE model and the semi-distributed SWAT model, was assessed. The aim of the comparative study was to examine if both models are equally able to describe the different phases in the hydrologic cycle of a catchment, given the availability of hydrologic data in the catchment. For the comparison, historic data of the Jeker river basin, situated in the loamy belt region of Belgium, was used. The size of the catchment is 465 km(2). The landscape is rolling, the dominant land use is farmland, and the soils vary from sandy-loam to clay-loam. The daily data of a continuous period of 6 years were used for the calibration and validation of both models. The results were obtained by comparing the performance of the two models using a qualitative (graphical) and quantitative (statistical) assessment, such as graphical representation of the observed and simulated river discharge, performance indices, the hydrograph maxima, the baseflow minima, the total accumulated volumes and the extreme value distribution of river flow data. The analysis revealed that both models are able to simulate the hydrology of the catchment in an acceptable way. The calibration results of the two tested models, although they differ in concept and spatial distribution, are quite similar. However, the MIKE SHE model predicts slightly better the overall variation of the river flow. Copyright (C) 2005 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Land & Water Management, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Hydrol Lab, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Abu El-Nasr, A (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Land & Water Management, Vital Decosterstr 102, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. EM ahmed.abuelnasr@agr.kuleuven.ac.be NR 48 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 SI SI BP 573 EP 587 DI 10.1002/hyp.5610 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 900RF UT WOS:000227231300002 ER PT J AU Arnold, JG Potter, KN King, KW Allen, PM AF Arnold, JG Potter, KN King, KW Allen, PM TI Estimation of soil cracking and the effect on surface runoff in a Texas Blackland Prairie watershed SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International SWAT Conference CY AUG, 2001 CL Rauischholzhausen, GERMANY SP SWAT DE crack measurement; hydrologic model; vertisols; shrinking/swelling soils ID SCALE SOLUTE TRANSPORT; DUAL-POROSITY MODEL; SWELLING CLAY SOIL; FLOW; INFILTRATION; MACROPORES; SIMULATION; CATCHMENT; MOVEMENT; BROMIDE AB Seasonal cracking of the soil matrix results in poor estimates of runoff and infiltration by simulation models due to the changing soil storage conditions. In this study, soil surface elevation changes were measured every two weeks and soil crack volume was calculated for a two-year period at the USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Riesel Y-2 watershed in central Texas. Soil anchors were placed in triplicate at depths of 0.15, 0.45, 0.90, 1.50 and 2.5 m and relative movement from a monument at 4.5 m was measured. Soil movement was translated into crack volume assuming isotrophic shrinkage. A crack flow model was developed for this study that computes crack volume from crack potential, soil depth and soil moisture. Simulated crack volume followed the seasonal trends found in the measured crack volume and was in general agreement with a regression R-2 = 0.84. The crack model was incorporated into SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), a comprehensive hydrologic model. Regression analysis was performed on measured and simulated daily surface runoff with an R-2 = 0.87 indicating good agreement. The model was able to simulate surface runoff accurately in winter months when cracks were swelled closed and in the fall recharge events of 1998 when crack volume went from 70 to 10 mm. The relationships between measured crack volume and hydrologic variables simulated by the model were also examined and discussed. Copyright (C) 2005 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Baylor Univ, Dept Geol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. RP Arnold, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM jgarnold@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 SI SI BP 589 EP 603 DI 10.1002/hyp.5609 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 900RF UT WOS:000227231300003 ER PT J AU Di Luzio, M Arnold, JG Srinivasan, R AF Di Luzio, M Arnold, JG Srinivasan, R TI Effect of GIS data quality on small watershed stream flow and sediment simulations SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International SWAT Conference CY AUG, 2001 CL Rauischholzhausen, GERMANY SP SWAT DE watershed modelling; SWAT; ArcView; GIS; water runoff; sediment yield; TMDL; watershed delineation; DEM ID SOURCE POLLUTION MODEL; GOODWIN-CREEK; TRANSPORT; RUNOFF AB Simulations of total runoff and fine sediment yield in Goodwin Creek watershed, which covers 21.3 km(2) in Mississippi, were carried out using a hydrological model-GIS system. The system includes the recently released Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model version 2000 and AVSWAT version 1.0, the supporting interface with ArcView GIS. Among the required GIS input, some are commonly available in the United States with multiple options and characteristics. In our study, two available digital elevation models, three land use-land cover maps and two soil maps were grouped in all possible ways to obtain 12 applied input combinations. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of GIS input variation on the uncalibrated water runoff and sediment yield outputs and compare them with the respective observed data. The implicated issues are significant wherever multiple choices of GIS input are available. In the United States, agencies are developing TMDL (total maximum daily load) programmes at the watershed scale and are also using supporting tools along with the available GIS data. In addition, the involved water quality appraisals often include assessment of limited size watersheds, i.e. draining into a specific stream segment. This watershed, operated by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, is highly instrumented, thereby representing a severe test and a primary verification of the new system. The GIS data had a varying impact on model results. DEM choice was critical for a realistic definition of the watershed and subwatershed boundaries and topographic input, and consequently simulated outputs. Land use-land cover maps had a significant effect on both runoff and sediment yield prediction. Soil maps showed a limited influence on model results. While evidences and basic justifications of the results are provided, further investigations are needed to determine the influence of the input GIS data distribution on watersheds with various sizes, geomorphological and spatial settings. Copyright (C) 2005 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Blackland Res Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Spatial Sci Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Di Luzio, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Blackland Res Ctr, 720 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM diluzio@bre.tamus.edu RI Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009 NR 25 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 35 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 SI SI BP 629 EP 650 DI 10.1002/hyp.5612 PG 22 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 900RF UT WOS:000227231300006 ER PT J AU Jayakrishnan, R Srinivasan, R Santhi, C Arnold, JG AF Jayakrishnan, R Srinivasan, R Santhi, C Arnold, JG TI Advances in the application of the SWAT model for water resources management SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International SWAT Conference CY AUG, 2001 CL Rauischholzhausen, GERMANY SP SWAT DE hydrology; basin-scale modelling; distributed modelling; streamflow; SWAT; HUMUS; WSR-88D; water quality ID INTEGRATION; RADAR AB Developments in computer technology have revolutionized the study of hydrologic systems and water resources management. Several computer-based hydrologic/water quality models have been developed for applications in hydrologic modelling and water resources studies. Distributed parameter models, necessary for basin-scale studies, have large input data requirements. Geographic information systems (GIS) and model-GIS interfaces aid the efficient creation of input data files required by such models. One such model available for the water resources professional is the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a distributed parameter model developed by the United States Department of Agriculture. This paper describes some recent advances made in the application of SWAT and the SWAT-GIS interface for water resources management. Four case studies are presented. The Hydrologic Unit Model for the United States (HUMUS) project used SWAT to conduct a national-scale analysis of the effect of management scenarios on water quantity and quality. Integration of the SWAT model with rainfall data available from the WSR-88D radar network helps us to incorporate the spatial variability of rainfall into the modelling process. This study demonstrates the usefulness of radar rainfall data in distributed hydrologic studies and the potential of SWAT for application in flood analysis and prediction. A hydrologic modelling study of the Sondu river basin in Kenya using SWAT indicates the potential for application of the model in African watersheds and points to the need for development of better model input data sets in Africa, which are critical for detailed water resources studies. The application of SWAT for water quality analysis in the Bosque river basin, Texas demonstrates the strength of the model for analysing different management scenarios to minimize point and non-point pollution, and its potential for application in total maximum daily load (TMDL) studies. Copyright (C) 2005 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Texas A&M Univ Syst, Blackland Res Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Srinivasan, R (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Spatial Sci Lab, 1500 Res Pkwy,Suite B223, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM srin@brc.tamus.edu RI Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009 NR 18 TC 109 Z9 126 U1 5 U2 76 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 SI SI BP 749 EP 762 DI 10.1002/hyp.5624 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 900RF UT WOS:000227231300014 ER PT J AU Whittaker, G AF Whittaker, G TI Application of SWAT in the evaluation of salmon habitat remediation policy SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International SWAT Conference CY AUG, 2001 CL Rauischholzhausen, GERMANY SP SWAT DE SWAT; environmental policy; data envelopment analysis ID WATER-QUALITY; POLLUTION AB Agricultural non-point source water pollutants such as sediment, pesticides and nutrients have been identified as contributing to the environmental distress of salmon runs in the Pacific Northwest. Policies to control non-point pollution from agricultural production can be classified as command and control or economic incentive policies. In application of a command and control policy, a regulator (usually a government agency) mandates a reduction in emissions or limits an agricultural production activity. Examples are a mandated reduction in nutrient application, or a reduction in emission of a nutrient to streams. Economic incentive policies are designed to achieve the same level of pollution control, while allowing some flexibility in maximizing profit. A tax on inputs is one frequently cited incentive measure. In this study, alternative policies to reduce non-point emissions from agriculture on the Columbia Plateau of Washington, Oregon and Idaho are evaluated. The environmental efficiency and effects on profits by reduction of nitrogen from fertilizer under command and control regulation and tax incentives are compared. Copyright (C) 2005 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA, NFSPRC, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Whittaker, G (reprint author), USDA, NFSPRC, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM whittakg@onid.orst.edu NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 SI SI BP 839 EP 848 DI 10.1002/hyp.5615 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 900RF UT WOS:000227231300020 ER PT J AU Andersen, HE McGaughey, RJ Reutebuch, SE AF Andersen, HE McGaughey, RJ Reutebuch, SE TI Estimating forest canopy fuel parameters using LIDAR data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE airborne laser scanning; canopy fuels; remote sensing; forestry; mapping ID LASER SCANNER DATA; TREE HEIGHT; STANDS; FIRE AB Fire researchers and resource managers are dependent upon accurate, spatially-explicit forest structure information to support the application of forest fire behavior models. In particular, reliable estimates of several critical forest canopy structure metrics, including canopy bulk density, canopy height, canopy fuel weight, and canopy base height, are required to accurately map the spatial distribution of canopy fuels and model fire behavior over the landscape. The use of airborne laser scanning (LIDAR), a high-resolution active remote sensing technology, provides for accurate and efficient measurement of three-dimensional forest structure over extensive areas. In this study, regression analysis was used to develop predictive models relating a variety of LIDAR-based metrics to the canopy fuel parameters estimated from inventory data collected at plots established within stands of varying condition within Capitol State Forest, in western Washington State. Strong relationships between LIDAR-derived metrics and field-based fuel estimates were found for all parameters [sqrt(crown fuel weight): R-2=0.86; In(crown bulk density): R-2=0.84; canopy base height: R-2=0.77; canopy height: R-2=0.98]. A cross-validation procedure was used to assess the reliability of these models. LIDAR-based fuel prediction models can be used to develop maps of critical canopy fuel parameters over forest areas in the Pacific Northwest. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Precis Forestry Cooperat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Andersen, HE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Precis Forestry Cooperat, Bloedel 386, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM hanserik@u.washington.edu; bmcgaughey@fs.fed.us; sreutebuch@fs.fed.us NR 18 TC 212 Z9 226 U1 16 U2 83 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 4 BP 441 EP 449 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2004.10.013 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 897ZZ UT WOS:000227046700002 ER PT J AU Ullah, AHJ Sethumadhavan, K Mullaney, EJ AF Ullah, AHJ Sethumadhavan, K Mullaney, EJ TI Monitoring of unfolding and refolding in fungal phytase (phyA) by dynamic light scattering SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE phytase; cysteine; histidine acid phosphatase; guanidinimn chloride; protein unfolding; protein refolding; dynamic light scattering ID ASPERGILLUS-FICUUM PHYTASE; NRRL 3135; GENE; SITE AB Role of disulfide bridges in phytase's unfolding-refolding was probed using dynamic light scattering. Phytase was unfolded by guanidinium chloride and then refolded by removing the denaturant by dialysis. Thiol reagents prevented refolding; thus, disulfide bridge formation is an integral step in phytase folding. Catalytic demise of phytase after unfolding and refolding in presence of Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) indicates that disulfide bridges are necessary for refolding. The hydrodynamic radius (rh) of active and unfolded phytase is 4 and 14 nm, respectively. Removal of denaturant through dialysis refolds phytase; its rh shifts back to 4 nm. When TCEP remains in the refolding media, the rh remains high. The unfolded phytase when diluted in assay medium refolds as a function of time at 25 and 37 degreesC, but not at higher temperature. Monitoring rh under denaturing and renaturing condition gives an accurate measure of the folding status of phytase. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Ullah, AHJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM aullah@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD FEB 25 PY 2005 VL 327 IS 4 BP 993 EP 998 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.12.111 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 892RN UT WOS:000226667800005 PM 15652493 ER PT J AU Bettinger, P Lennette, M Johnson, KN Spies, TA AF Bettinger, P Lennette, M Johnson, KN Spies, TA TI A hierarchical spatial framework for forest landscape planning SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE forest management; forest planning; simulation; operations research; policy analysis; geographic information systems ID SIMULATION; SYSTEMS AB A hierarchical spatial framework for large-scale, long-term forest landscape planning is presented along with example policy analyses for a 560,000 ha area of the Oregon Coast Range. The modeling framework suggests utilizing the detail provided by satellite imagery to track forest vegetation condition and for representation of fine-scale features, such as riparian areas. Spatial data are then aggregated up to management units, where forest management decisions are simulated. Management units may also be aggregated into harvest blocks to closer emulate management behavior. Land allocations, subdivisions of landowner groups, can be used to represent different levels of management. A management unit may contain multiple land allocations, such as riparian management emphases that vary based on distance from the stream system. The management emphasis required by each land allocation is retained in the simulation of policies. When applied within a large-scale forest landscape planning context, the implications of policies that suggest clearcut size restrictions, minimum harvest ages, or the development of interior habitat areas can be assessed. Simulations indicated that the minimum harvest age constraint has a stronger influence on even-flow harvest levels than do maximum clearcut size or interior habitat area constraints. Even-flow timber harvest level objectives, however, also have an effect on the results: time periods beyond the constraining time period show a build-up of timber inventory, which suggests a possible relaxation or modification of the objective in order to achieve average harvest ages that are closer to the minimum harvest age. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bettinger, P (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM pbettinger@smokey.forestry.uga.edu; inarie.lennette@orst.edu; k.norman.johnson@orst.edu; tspies@fs.fed.us OI Bettinger, Pete/0000-0002-5454-3970 NR 32 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 25 PY 2005 VL 182 IS 1 BP 25 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.07.009 PG 24 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 885LN UT WOS:000226158200003 ER PT J AU Caldwell, CR Britz, SJ Mirecki, RM AF Caldwell, CR Britz, SJ Mirecki, RM TI Effect of temperature, elevated carbon dioxide, and drought during seed development on the isoflavone content of dwarf soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] grown in controlled environments SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; drought; global climate change; Glycine max (L.) Merrill; isoflavone; soybean ID SECONDARY METABOLITES; VARIETY; STRESS; SOY; CULTIVARS; SEEDLINGS; LOCATION; LEAVES AB The effects of elevated temperature, carbon dioxide, and water stress on the isoflavone content of seed from a dwarf soybean line [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] were determined, using controlled environment chambers. Increasing the temperature from 18 degreesC during seed development to 23 degreesC decreased total isoflavone content by about 65%. A further 5 degreesC increase to 28 degreesC decreased the total isoflavone content by about 90%. Combining treatments at elevated temperature with elevated CO2 (700 ppm) and water stress to determine the possible consequences of global climate change on soybean seed isoflavone content indicated that elevated CO2 at elevated temperatures could partially reverse the effects of temperature on soybean seed isoflavone content. The addition of drought stress to plants grown at 23 degreesC and elevated CO2 returned the total isoflavone levels to the control values obtained at 18 degreesC and 400 ppm CO2. The promotive effects of drought and elevated CO2 at 23 degreesC on the 6"-O-malonygenistin and genistin levels were additive. The individual isoflavones often had different responses to the various growth conditions during seed maturation, modifying the proportions of the principal isoflavones. Therefore, subtle changes in certain environmental factors may change the isoflavone content of commercially grown soybean, altering the nutritional values of soy products. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Caldwell, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM crc@erols.com NR 26 TC 82 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 23 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1125 EP 1129 DI 10.1021/jf0355351 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 898MB UT WOS:000227079800044 PM 15713029 ER PT J AU Park, BS Kim, JR Lee, SE Kim, KS Takeoka, GR Ahn, YJ Kim, JH AF Park, BS Kim, JR Lee, SE Kim, KS Takeoka, GR Ahn, YJ Kim, JH TI Selective growth-inhibiting effects of compounds identified in Tabebuia impetiginosa inner bark on human intestinal bacteria SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE natural antibacterial agent; taheebo; intestinal bacteria; anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid; lapachol; 1,4-naphthoquinones; structure-activity relationship ID PROBIOTIC BACTERIA; BIFIDOBACTERIA; LAPACHOL AB The growth-inhibiting, activity of anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid and lapachol identified in the inner bark of taheebo, Tabebuia impetiginosa, toward 10 human intestinal bacteria was evaluated by using a paper disk diffusion bioassay and compared to those of seven lapachol congeners (1,4-naphthoquinone, naphthazarin, menadione, lawsone, plumbagin, juglone, and dichlone) as well as two commercially available antibiotics, chloramphenicol and tetracycline. Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid exhibited very strong growth inhibition of Clostridium paraputrificum at 1 mug/disk while 100 mug/disk of lapachol was needed for moderate growth inhibition of the same organism. These two isolates exhibited weak inhibition of Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli at 100 mug/disk while no adverse effects were observed on the growth of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus casei at 1000 mug/disk. Structure-activity relationships indicate that a methyl group in the C-2 position of 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives might play an important role in antibacterial activity. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Seoul 151742, South Korea. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, San 56-1, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM kjh2404@snu.ac.k OI Lee, Sung-Eun/0000-0001-7690-9956 NR 38 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 23 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1152 EP 1157 DI 10.1021/jf0486038 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 898MB UT WOS:000227079800048 PM 15713033 ER PT J AU Luce, CH Tarboton, DG Istanbulluoglu, E Pack, RT AF Luce, CH Tarboton, DG Istanbulluoglu, E Pack, RT TI Reply to comment by Jonathan J. Rhodes on "Modeling of the interactions between forest vegetation, disturbances, and sediment yields" SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PEAK FLOW RESPONSES; WESTERN CASCADES; LARGE BASINS; OREGON; ROADS; FIRE; EROSION; RANGE; FISH C1 MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Luce, CH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Room 48-114, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM cluce@fs.fed.us; dtarb@cc.usu.edu; erkan@mit.edu; rtpack@cc.usu.edu RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008; Tarboton, David/G-8972-2011 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662; Tarboton, David/0000-0002-1998-3479 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD FEB 22 PY 2005 VL 110 IS F1 AR F01013 DI 10.1029/2004JF000279 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 904VT UT WOS:000227526900004 ER PT J AU Solignac, M Cornuet, JM Vautrin, D Le Conte, Y Anderson, D Evans, J Cros-Arteil, S Navajas, M AF Solignac, M Cornuet, JM Vautrin, D Le Conte, Y Anderson, D Evans, J Cros-Arteil, S Navajas, M TI The invasive Korea and Japan types of Varroa destructor, ectoparasitic mites of the Western honeybee (Apis mellifera), are two partly isolated clones SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Varroa destructor; microsatellites; mtDNA; clonal structure; sexual isolation; invasive species ID STEPWISE MUTATION MODEL; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; JACOBSONI OUDEMANS; ACARI; POPULATIONS; SEQUENCE; BROOD; DNA; REPRODUCTION; INFESTATION AB Varroa destructor, now a major pest of the Western honeybee, Apis mellifera, switched from its original host, the Eastern honeybee, A. cerana, ca. 50 years ago. So far, only two out of several known mitochondrial haplotypes of V. destructor have been found to be capable of reproducing on A. mellifera (Korea and Japan). These haplotypes are associated in almost complete cytonuclear disequilibrium to diagnostic alleles at 11 microsatellite loci. By contrast, microsatellite polymorphism within each type is virtually absent, because of a severe bottleneck at the time of host change. Accordingly, 12 mitochondrial sequences of 5185 nucleotides displayed 0.40% of nucleotide divergence between haplotypes and no intra haplotype variation. Hence, each type has a quasi-clonal structure. The nascent intratype variability is subsequent to the clone formation 50 years ago: in both types the variant alleles differ from the most common by one (in 10 cases), two (five cases) or three (one case) repeated motifs. In addition to individuals of the two 'pure' types, five F-1 hybrids and 19 recombinant individuals (Japan alleles introgressed into the Korea genetic background) were detected. The existence of F1 and recombinant individuals in admixed populations requires that double infestations of honeybee cells occur in a high proportion but the persistence of pure types suggests a post-zygotic isolation between the two clones. C1 CNRS, Lab Populat Genet & Evolut, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. INRA, Ctr Biol & Gest Populat, F-34988 Montferrier sur Lez, France. UAPV Ecol Invertebres, INRA, Lab Biol & Protect Abeille, UMR, F-84914 Avignon, France. CSIRO, Entomol, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Solignac, M (reprint author), CNRS, Lab Populat Genet & Evolut, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM solignac@pge.cnrs-gif.fr RI Le Conte, Yves/C-1096-2009; Anderson, Denis/C-3203-2009; Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; Le Conte, Yves/B-3246-2016 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; NR 40 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 7 U2 25 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD FEB 22 PY 2005 VL 272 IS 1561 BP 411 EP 419 DI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2853 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 908RY UT WOS:000227809000009 PM 15734696 ER PT J AU Sword, GA Lorch, PD Gwynne, DT AF Sword, GA Lorch, PD Gwynne, DT TI Migratory bands give crickets protection SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PERIODICAL CICADAS; PREDATOR SATIATION; MORMON CRICKETS C1 ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. RP Sword, GA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM gsword@sidney.ars.usda.gov OI Sword, Gregory/0000-0003-2094-2436 NR 11 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 17 PY 2005 VL 433 IS 7027 BP 703 EP 703 DI 10.1038/433703a PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 897XH UT WOS:000227039200027 PM 15716941 ER PT J AU Luo, TX Brown, S Pan, Y Shi, P Ouyang, H Yu, ZL Zhu, HZ AF Luo, TX Brown, S Pan, Y Shi, P Ouyang, H Yu, ZL Zhu, HZ TI Root biomass along subtropical to alpine gradients: global implication from Tibetan transect studies SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Tibetan plateau; vegetation; transect; root biomass; climate; model ID FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; TROPICAL FORESTS; CARBON CYCLES; PRODUCTIVITY; PLATEAU; GRASSLANDS; ALLOCATION; VEGETATION; NITROGEN; CLIMATE AB Much uncertainty in estimating root biomass density (RBD, root mass per unit area) of all roots regionally exists because of methodological difficulties and little knowledge about the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on the magnitude and distribution pattern of RBD. In this study, we collected field data of RBD from 22 sites along the Tibetan Alpine Vegetation Transects executed with the same sampling method that covered a relatively undisturbed vegetation gradient from subtropical forests to alpine vegetation. Our field data indicated that RBD significantly decreased with increasing altitudes (r(2) = 0.60, P < 0.001) but had low or non-robust correlations with above.-round biomass density (r(2) = 0.10-0.34), suggesting that RBD can be predicted without reference to shoot biomass. The transect data further revealed that temperature and/or precipitation were likely the major limiting factors for geographical distribution patterns of RBD. The relationships could be expressed as logistic function with a maximum RBD of 200 Mg/ha (12 = 0.59-0.65, P < 0.001). A simple empirical model was developed from the logistic regressions and then globally tested against data for 295 field plots of undisturbed to semi-disturbed vegetarion ranging from the boreal zone to the tropics. In general, the model explained 80% of the RBD variation for 30 field plots along the North-South Transect of Eastern China (r(2) = 0.80, P < 0.0001) and less than half of the variation in the global data-set (r(2) = 0.45: P < 0.0001). The model predictions were strong for temperate evergreen forests, temperate/alpine shrubs and grasslands, boreal tundra, and Mediterranean deserts. Such a global scaling exercise revealed the global distribution pattern of RBD broadly over a range of major biomes, suggesting the possibility to develop a new method for large-scale estimation of root biomass. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. Winrock Int Livestock Res & Training Ctr, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, No Global Change Res Program, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Luo, TX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Shuangqing Rd 18,Haidian Dist,POB 2871, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. EM luotx@itpcas.ac.cn RI Pan, Yude/F-6145-2015 NR 52 TC 31 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 206 IS 1-3 BP 349 EP 363 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.11.016 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 891GL UT WOS:000226569200026 ER PT J AU Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA Blackburn, JA AF Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA Blackburn, JA TI Evaluation of several culture media for production of patulin by Penicillium species SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apple juice; manganese; patulin production; Penicillium ID PHASE EXTRACTION METHOD; APPLE JUICE; ANTIBIOTIC BIOSYNTHESIS; MANGANESE REQUIREMENT; URTICAE; DISAPPEARANCE; ANTIBODIES AB The aim of this study was to evaluate different species of Penicillium to identify those which have the potential to produce the greatest amount of the mycotoxin, patulin. Additionally, six different culture media were compared to determine maximum patulin production. Eleven different strains of Penicillium species were selected because they had previously been reported to be producers of patulin. The strains included Penicillium expansum, Penicillium griseofulvum (formerly Penicillium urticae), Penicillium clavigerum, and Penicillium coprobium and a recent Penicillium sp. isolated from an apple. Cultures were grown in duplicate in three different liquid media: potato dextrose, malt extract, and glucose/yeast extract/peptone, both with and without manganese supplementation. Patulin production was compared at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Variability in patulin production occurred among the different species, growth media used, and time of incubation. All three of the R griseofulvum isolates were the highest producers of patulin at 96 h. For most of the strains, potato dextrose broth supplemented with manganese was optimal for maximum production of patulin. Although P. expansum is frequently cited as the most likely source of patulin in apple juice, certain other Penicillium species are capable of producing more patulin than strains of P expansum. The apple juice industry should be alert to the possibility that Penicillium species other than R expansum can be responsible for the occurrence of patulin. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM dombrink@ncaur.usda.gov NR 17 TC 31 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 3 BP 241 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodchem.2004.07.006 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 900FZ UT WOS:000227202100003 PM 15698685 ER PT J AU Lowry, VK Farnell, MB Ferro, PJ Swaggerty, CL Bahl, A Kogut, MH AF Lowry, VK Farnell, MB Ferro, PJ Swaggerty, CL Bahl, A Kogut, MH TI Purified beta-glucan as an abiotic feed additive up-regulates the innate immune response in immature chickens against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE salmonella enteritidis; heterophil; beta-glucan; chickens; organ invasion; innate immunity ID COMMERCIAL BROILER-CHICKENS; IN-VIVO; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; HETEROPHIL FUNCTION; OPSONIZED ZYMOSAN; LYSOZYME ACTIVITY; ACTIVATION; RESISTANCE; RECEPTOR; LYMPHOKINES AB Functionally, the innate immune system of immature chickens is inefficient during the first week posthatch. This immunological inefficiency enables pathogens such as Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) to invade and colonize the visceral organs of immature chickens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of purified beta-glucan as an immunomodulator of the innate immune response. beta-glucan, as a feed additive, significantly provided protection against SE organ invasion in young chickens (P<0.05). The functional efficiency of heterophils isolated from neonatal chickens fed a beta-glucan ration was significantly (P<0.05) up-regulated when compared to heterophils isolated from chickens fed a control ration as determined with an array of functional assays. Phagocytosis, bactericidal killing, and oxidative burst were significantly increased in heterophils isolated from chickens fed the purified β-glucan ration (P<0.05). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a purified β-glucan feed additive significantly decreasing the incidence of SE organ invasion in immature chickens and up-regulating the functional abilities of heterophils isolated from immature chickens against an invading pathogen, SE. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anat, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, SPA, PPPSRU,POSC, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, SPARC, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. ImmuDyne Inc, Houston, TX 77042 USA. RP Lowry, VK (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anat, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM lowry@ffsru.usda.gov NR 45 TC 84 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 3 BP 309 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodchem.2004.06.008 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 900FZ UT WOS:000227202100010 PM 15698692 ER PT J AU Liu, ZG Liu, Q Hamed, H Anthony, RM Foster, A Finkelman, FD Urban, JF Gause, WC AF Liu, ZG Liu, Q Hamed, H Anthony, RM Foster, A Finkelman, FD Urban, JF Gause, WC TI IL-2 and autocrine IL-4 drive the in vivo development of antigen-specific Th2 T cells elicited by nematode parasites SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESTING B-CELLS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; DENDRITIC CELLS; CUTTING EDGE; DIFFERENTIATION; INTERLEUKIN-4; GENE; EXPRESSION; MICE AB The intestinal nematode parasite, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, triggers potent type 2 immunity. Using OVA peptide as a model Ag, we have examined the adjuvant effects of this parasite on the in vivo development of Ag-specific Th2 cells from naive DO11.10 T cells. Our findings show that Th2 cells can develop from transferred naive OVA-specific DO11.10 T cells in recipient IL-4(-/-) mice inoculated with N. brasiliensis plus OVA. However, autocrine IL-4 is required for in situ Th2 cell differentiation since transferred IL-4Ralpha-deficient DO11.10 T cells showed greatly reduced Th2 cell development in inoculated IL-4(-/-) recipient mice. Surprisingly, we also found that IL-2 blockade promoted B7-dependent T cell cycling, but inhibited the development of OVA-specific Th2 cells. Furthermore, the effects of IL-2 occurred independently of CD25(+) T regulatory cells. These studies establish a previously unrecognized requirement for autocrine IL-4 and IL-2 in Th2 responses elicited by nematode parasites. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gause, WC (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, 185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07101 USA. EM gause@umdnj.edu OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI031678-10, AI31678, AI55848, R01 AI031678, R01 AI031678-06, R01 AI031678-07, R01 AI031678-08, R01 AI031678-09, R01 AI031678-11, R01 AI031678-12, R01 AI055848] NR 57 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 174 IS 4 BP 2242 EP 2249 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 897EL UT WOS:000226986700057 PM 15699158 ER PT J AU Crott, JW Choi, SW Branda, RF Mason, JB AF Crott, JW Choi, SW Branda, RF Mason, JB TI Accumulation of mitochondrial DNA deletions is age, tissue and folate-dependent in rats SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE folate/folic acid; aging; mitochondrial DNA deletion; liver; colon ID SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; COPY NUMBER; DEFICIENCY; CANCER; DAMAGE; MTDNA; INSTABILITY; MUTATIONS; INCREASE; TUMOR AB Folate is essential for the synthesis, repair and methylation of DNA. Folate depletion causes nuclear genetic and epigenetic aberrations in cell culture, rodents and humans. We hypothesized that folate depletion may also damage mitochondrial (Mt) DNA and induce large-scale deletions due to DNA breakage. MtDNA deletions and mutations accumulate during aging and tumorogenesis and may play causative roles in these processes. Weaning and adult (12 months) Sprague Dawley rats consumed folate deplete, replete and supplemented diets (0, 2 and 8 mg/kg folate, respectively) for 20 weeks. The presence of random and common (4.8kb) MtDNA deletions was measured in colonic mucosa and liver. Six Mt genomes (<16kb) harboring random deletions were detected in the liver (3.5-7.0 kb) and three in the colon (3.8-8 kb). Older rats had significantly more random hepatic MtDNA deletions than young rats (64 and 3.2% of samples, respectively, P < 0.0001), while age had no effect on these deletions in the colon (3.1 and 7.7% in young and old, respectively). Folate intake had no effect on the frequency of random deletions in either tissue. There was no discrete effect of aging on the common 4.8 kb deletion in the liver or colon. However, in the liver of old rats, increasing amounts of dietary folate reduced the deletion frequency, with replete and supplemented rats having 2.2- and 3.2-fold less deletions than the depleted rats. Our results confirm that random MtDNA deletions accumulate with age in a tissue-specific fashion. Furthermore, in contrast to previous work, we report that the common 4.8 kb deletion was not modulated by age, but is reduced by folate supplementation in the liver of rats. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcinogen Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Vermont, Genet Lab, Burlington, VT USA. RP Crott, JW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcinogen Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jimmy.crott@tufts.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [KO5 #CA100048, U54 #CA100971] NR 47 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 570 IS 1 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.09.009 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 895OC UT WOS:000226871700006 PM 15680403 ER PT J AU Sukhinin, AI French, NHF Kasischke, ES Hewson, JH SoJa, AJ Csiszar, IA Hyer, EJ Loboda, T Conard, SG Romasko, VI Pavlichenko, EA Miskiva, SI Slinkina, OA AF Sukhinin, AI French, NHF Kasischke, ES Hewson, JH SoJa, AJ Csiszar, IA Hyer, EJ Loboda, T Conard, SG Romasko, VI Pavlichenko, EA Miskiva, SI Slinkina, OA TI AVHRR-based mapping of fires in Russia: New products for fire management and carbon cycle studies (vol 93, pg 546, 2004) SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Correction C1 Altarum Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Sukachev Forestry Inst, Krasnoyarsk 66036, Russia. Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20743 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP French, NHF (reprint author), Altarum Inst, 3520 Green Court,Suite 300, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM nancy.french@altarum.org RI Csiszar, Ivan/D-2396-2010; Conard, Susan/H-8158-2013; Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011 OI Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 3 BP 428 EP 428 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2004.12.003 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 895RE UT WOS:000226879900013 ER PT J AU Spiegelstein, O Gould, A Wlodarczyk, B Tsie, M Lu, XF Le, C Troen, A Selhub, J Piedrahita, JA Salbaum, JM Kappen, C Melnyk, S James, J Finnell, RH AF Spiegelstein, O Gould, A Wlodarczyk, B Tsie, M Lu, XF Le, C Troen, A Selhub, J Piedrahita, JA Salbaum, JM Kappen, C Melnyk, S James, J Finnell, RH TI Developmental consequences of in utero sodium arsenate exposure in mice with folate transport deficiencies SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arsenic; teratogenicity; biotransformation; detoxification; Folbp1; RFC; neural tube defects ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; KNOCKOUT MICE; FOLIC-ACID; BINDING PROTEIN; SPINA-BIFIDA; GENETIC-POLYMORPHISM; DIETARY-FOLATE; VITAMIN USE; EXPRESSION AB Previous studies have demonstrated that mice lacking a functional folate binding protein 2 gene (Folbp2(-/-)) were significantly more sensitive to in utero arsenic exposure than were the wild-type mice similarly exposed. When these mice were fed a folate-deficient diet, the embryotoxic effect of arsenate was further exacerbated. Contrary to expectations, studies on 24-h urinary speciation of sodium arsenate did not demonstrate any significant difference in arsenic biotransformation between Folbp2(-/-) and Folbp2(+/+) mice. To better understand the influence of folate pathway genes on arsenic embryotoxicity, the present investigation utilized transgenic mice with disrupted folate binding protein I (Folbp1) and reduced folate carrier (RFC) genes. Because complete inactivation of Folbp1 and RFC genes results in embryonic lethality, we used heterozygous animals. Overall, no RFC genotype-related differences in embryonic susceptibility to arsenic exposure were observed. Embryonic lethality and neural tube defect (NTD) frequency in Folbp1 mice was dose-dependent and differed from the RFC mice; however, no genotype-related differences were observed. The RFC heterozygotes tended to have higher plasma levels of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) than did the wild-type controls, although this effect was not robust. It is concluded that genetic modifications at the Folbp1 and RFC loci confers no particular sensitivity to arsenic toxicity compared to wild-type controls, thus disproving the working hypothesis that decreased methylating capacity of the genetically modified mice would put them at increased risk for arsenic-induced reproductive toxicity. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Syst Hlth Sci Ctr, Inst Biosci & Technol, Ctr Environm & Genet Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin Metab & Neurocognit Labs, Boston, MA 02111 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Mayo Clin, SC Johnson Med Res Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Environm & Rural Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Finnell, RH (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Syst Hlth Sci Ctr, Inst Biosci & Technol, Ctr Environm & Genet Med, 2121 W Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM rfinnell@ibt.tmc.edu RI Le, X. Chris/O-4947-2015; OI Le, X. Chris/0000-0002-7690-6701; Wlodarczyk, Bogdan J./0000-0001-5249-5832 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R21 DE014523]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES004917, ES11775, P42ES04917, P30 ES009106, R21 ES011775, P30ES09106] NR 49 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 203 IS 1 BP 18 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2004.07.006 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 903ED UT WOS:000227407400003 PM 15694460 ER PT J AU Sinclair, TR Gilbert, RA Perdomo, RE Shine, JM Powell, G Montes, G AF Sinclair, TR Gilbert, RA Perdomo, RE Shine, JM Powell, G Montes, G TI Volume of individual internodes of sugarcane stalks SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sugarcane; internode volume; stalk growth; lodging ID REGISTRATION AB Sugarcane (Soccharum spp.) is rather unusual among field crops in that it is not the seed that is of economic value, but rather the stalk. Sucrose is extracted from the large stalks that are produced by sugarcane plants. Considering their economic value. it is rather surprisingly that there is very little information concerning the development and size of the individual internodes over the length of sugarcane stalks. The objective of this study was to document internode volume over the Sugarcane stalk of four cultivars and to observe changes in individual internode volume later in the growing season and in response to lodging. When harvested in August, the size of the internodes varied in a continuous manner along the stalk with the largest internode occurring at the bottom of the plant at approximately internode #15. One cultivar (CP80-1743) had much less of a decrease in internode volume below internode #15 than the other cultivars, indicating that growth was more concentrated in the lower internodes of this cultivar. Since the internode volume diminished as the apex was approached. much of the harvested material was concentrated in the bottom nodes. Comparison of a mid-season harvest (August) and a final harvest (January) indicated both that additional internodes were added to the stalk and that the size of all internodes increased. That is, plant growth was distributed all along the stalk and not focused on one particular zone. Similarly, the negative impact of plant lodging was uniformly distributed over the entire stalk, although there appeared to be differences in cultivars in the extent to which the growth of the stalk was decreased. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. Florida Crystals Corp, South Bay, FL 33493 USA. Sugar Cane Growers Cooperat, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol Lab, POB 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM trsinel@ifas.ufl.edu NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD FEB 14 PY 2005 VL 91 IS 2-3 BP 207 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2004.07.013 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 889WL UT WOS:000226473400008 ER PT J AU Kiniry, JR Simpson, CE Schubert, AM Reed, JD AF Kiniry, JR Simpson, CE Schubert, AM Reed, JD TI Peanut leaf area index, light interception, radiation use efficiency, and harvest index at three sites in Texas SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROUNDNUT ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA; EARLY REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; SIMULATION-MODEL; PARTITIONING CHARACTERISTICS; PLANTING PATTERN; SOLAR-RADIATION; MARKET QUALITY; GROWTH; YIELD; CULTIVARS AB Stability of parameters describing crop growth of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is important because of the diversity of climatic conditions in which peanuts are grown and is valuable when developing simulation models for this species. In contrast, variability in the same parameters is desirable for plant breeders working to develop improved cultivars. This study seeks to quantify key parameters for biomass and yield production of some common peanut cultivars at three sites in Texas. We measured leaf area index (LAI), light extinction coefficient (k) for Beer's law. and harvest index (HI) for four cultivars at Stephenville, TX and one cultivar near Gustine, TX, and for LAI and biomass on four cultivars at Seminole, TX. Mean radiation use efficiency (RUE) values were 1.98 a MJ(-1) at Stephenville, 1.92 at Gustine, and 2.02 at Seminole. Highest RUE values were for the Low-Energy Precise Application (LEPA) irrigation treatment at Seminole. Maximum LAI values ranged from 5.6 to 7.0 at Stephenville, from 5.0 to 6.2 at Seminole, and was 5.3 at Gustine. Mean k values ranged front 0.60 to 0.64 at Stephenville and was 0.77 at Gustine. The overall mean HI was 0.36, with a mean of 0.33 for Stephenville. 0.44 for Gumine, 0.53 for spray irrigation at Seminole, and 0.58 for LEPA irrigation at Seminole. Values of RUE, k and HI for the cultivars in this study and similarities between this study and values reported in the literature will aid modelers simulating peanut development and yield and aid breeders in identifying key traits critical to peanut grain yield improvement. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. RP Kiniry, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM jkinin@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 22 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD FEB 14 PY 2005 VL 91 IS 2-3 BP 297 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2004.07.021 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 889WL UT WOS:000226473400015 ER PT J AU Williams, WP Windham, GL Buckley, PM Perkins, JM AF Williams, WP Windham, GL Buckley, PM Perkins, JM TI Southwestern corn borer damage and aflatoxin accumulation in conventional and transgenic corn hybrids SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus flavus; Bacillus thuingiensis; maize; southwestern corn borer ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; KERNEL INFECTION; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; INFESTATION LEVELS; MAIZE; RESISTANCE; FIELD; REGISTRATION; NOCTUIDAE AB Southwestern corn borer (Diatraea grandiosella Dyar) is a major pest of corn (Zea mays L.) in the southern United States. In addition to the direct yield losses caused by southwestern corn borer, larval feeding on developing ears provides a site for fungi to enter the ear. Aspergillus flavus Link: Fries infection and the subsequent accumulation of aflatoxin in corn gram are major limitations to profitable corn production in the southern United States. This investigation was conducted to determine the effectiveness of transgenic corn hybrids expressing the delta-endotoxin insecticidal (CryIAb) proteins isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in reducing southwestern corn borer damage and aflatoxin accumulation. Ear damage and aflatoxin accumulation were compared among 10 pairs of conventional nonBt and transgenic Bt corn hybrids following infestation with southwestern corn borer and inoculation with A. flavus using kernel-wounding and nonwounding techniques. Both non-Bt and Bt hybrids exhibited high levels of aflatoxin accumulation when inoculated with a kernel-wounding technique. When inoculated with a non-wounding technique and infested with southwestern corn borer, aflatoxin accumulation was significantly higher in nonBt than Bt hybrids. Aflatoxin accumulation was also significantly higher for nonBt hybrids inoculated with A. flavus and infested with southwestern corn borer than for hybrids that were only inoculated with A. flavus. Southwestern corn borer larval establishment was significantly higher on nonBt hybrids than on Bt hybrids. Larval survival was extremely low on the Bt hybrids. The results of this investigation indicate that these Bt hybrids should be effective in reducing aflatoxin contamination in areas where high southwestern corn borer infestations occur. The reduced levels of aflatoxin accumulation associated with Bt hybrids are likely a consequence of reduced insect damage rather than resistance to A. flavus infection or aflatoxin accumulation per se. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Monsanto Co, Waterman Res Facil, Waterman, IL 60556 USA. RP Williams, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM wpwilliams@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD FEB 14 PY 2005 VL 91 IS 2-3 BP 329 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2004.08.002 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 889WL UT WOS:000226473400018 ER PT J AU Sheehy, JE Sinclair, TR Cassman, KG AF Sheehy, JE Sinclair, TR Cassman, KG TI Curiosities, nonsense, non-science and SRI SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Int Rice Res Inst, Manila, Philippines. Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Sheehy, JE (reprint author), Int Rice Res Inst, DAPO Box 7777, Manila, Philippines. EM j.sheehy@cgiar.org NR 8 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD FEB 14 PY 2005 VL 91 IS 2-3 BP 355 EP 356 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2004.08.007 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 889WL UT WOS:000226473400021 ER PT J AU Fletcher, RS AF Fletcher, RS TI Evaluating high spatial resolution imagery for detecting citrus orchards affected by sooty mould SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID PHOTOGRAPHY AB This study evaluated high spatial resolution colour-infrared (CIR) (2.44 m) and pansharpened CIR imagery (0.61 m) for detecting citrus (Citrus spp.) orchards affected by sooty mould (Capnodium citri), an indicator of insect infestation of a citrus grove. These resolutions were chosen because they are equivalent to the spatial resolution of multispectral and pansharpened QuickBird imagery. Citrus groves north-west of Mission, Texas, USA, were assessed. CIR photography and image processing software were used to develop the images. Sooty mould-affected areas were readily detected on the CIR and pansharpened CIR images. The latter provided better detail, increasing image interpretation accuracy. Findings of this study support the theory that high spatial resolution satellite imagery may be used to detect sooty mould-affected citrus orchards. C1 USDA ARS, Kita Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Fletcher, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kita Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM rfletcher@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD FEB 10 PY 2005 VL 26 IS 3 BP 495 EP 502 DI 10.1080/04131160512331316414 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 895BK UT WOS:000226835700005 ER PT J AU Putzbach, K Krucker, M Albert, K Grusak, MA Tang, GW Dolnikowski, GG AF Putzbach, K Krucker, M Albert, K Grusak, MA Tang, GW Dolnikowski, GG TI Structure determination of partially deuterated carotenoids from intrinsically labeled vegetables by HPLC-MS and H-1 NMR SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE carotenoids; deuterated vegetables; HPLC-APCI/MS; H-1 NMR ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; PRESSURE CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BETA-CAROTENE; STATIONARY PHASES; GEOMETRICAL-ISOMERS; HUMAN PLASMA; VITAMIN-K; APCI-MS AB The structures of biosynthetic deuterated carotenoids in labeled vegetables were investigated: (all-E)-lutein and (all-E)-beta-carotene from spinach, and (all-E)-beta-carotene and (all-E)-alpha-carotene from carrots. The vegetables were grown hydroponically using a nutrient solution enriched with deuterium oxide (D2O) and were extracted using matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD). Deuterium enrichment in the carotenoid molecules was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). (all-E)-Lutein and (all-E)-beta-carotene in spinach showed partial deuteration from H-2(1) to H-2(12), with the abundance maximum at H-2(5). (all-E)-beta-Carotene and (all-E)-alpha-carotene from carrots showed partial deuteration from H-2(1) to H-2(17), with the abundance maximum at H-2(11). The H-1 NMR spectra of the four deuterated carotenoids showed additional signals for all methyl groups and decreased signal intensity for the olefinic protons and the methylene protons in the ring. These differences are due to isotopic effects and are based on the substitution of protons by deuterium atoms. The deuteration was distributed randomly throughout the carotenoid molecules. C1 Univ Tubingen, Inst Organ Chem, Tubingen, Germany. Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Dolnikowski, GG (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Inst Organ Chem, Tubingen, Germany. EM gregory.dolnikowski@tufts.edu NR 38 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 9 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 3 BP 671 EP 677 DI 10.1021/jf0487506 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 894HX UT WOS:000226782900027 PM 15686418 ER PT J AU Nam, SH Choi, SP Kang, MY Kozukue, N Friedman, M AF Nam, SH Choi, SP Kang, MY Kozukue, N Friedman, M TI Antioxidative, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic activities of rice bran extracts in chemical and cell assays SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE antioxidative; antimutagenic; anticarinogenic; rice bran ID XANTHINE-OXIDASE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; FENTON REACTION; INHIBITION; ACID; INDUCTION; GALLATE; IRON AB Ethanol-water (70:30 v/v) extracts from rice brans removed from seeds of two blackish-purple pigmented (Sanhaehyanghyulla and Suwon 415) and one nonpigmented (Chuchung) brown rice cultivars were evaluated for antioxidative, anti-tumor-promoting, and anticarcinogenic activities in chemical assays and in mammalian cells (human leukemia HL-60, marmoset B lymphoblastoid B95-8, and Chinese hamster V79 lung cells) by the following tests: inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity; chelation of ferrous ions; reduction of potassium ferricyanide; scavenging of superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, and intracellular peroxides; inhibition of 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide-induced mutagenesis; and inhibition of phorbol ester-induced tumor promotion. The extracts from the pigmented rice seeds had generally higher activities in all tests than did the extract from the nonpigmented variety. The results suggest that brans from pigmented rice varieties may provide a source of new natural antioxidants and anticarcinogens and that such rice cultivars with high antioxidative potential also provide a genetic resource for the development of new, improved rice cultivars that may make it possible to enhance both the nutritional and medical value of rice-based diets. C1 Ajou Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Suwon 443749, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Yeungnam Univ, Dept Human Ecol, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Nam, SH (reprint author), Ajou Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Suwon 443749, South Korea. EM shnam@ajou.ac.kr; mfried@pw.usda.gov OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 31 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 9 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 3 BP 816 EP 822 DI 10.1021/jf0490293 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 894HX UT WOS:000226782900048 PM 15686439 ER PT J AU de Leon, JH Jones, WA AF de Leon, JH Jones, WA TI Genetic differentiation among geographic populations of Gonatocerus ashmeadi, the predominant egg parasitoid of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DNA fingerprinting; genetic differentiation; grapevines; molecular markers; natural enemies; Pierce's disease; polymorphic loci; population genetics ID CHAIN-REACTION AMPLIFICATION; EUKARYOTIC GENOMES; SUBDIVIDED POPULATIONS; SPECIES HYMENOPTERA; PIERCES-DISEASE; F-STATISTICS; CICADELLIDAE; VARIABILITY; DIVERSITY; PCR AB The aim of genetically comparing different populations of the same species of natural enemies is to identify the strain that is most adapted to the environment where it will be released. In the present study, Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ISSR-PCR) was utilized to estimate the population genetic structure of Gonatocerus ashmeadi (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), the predominant egg parasitoid of Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), the glassy-winged sharpshooter. Six populations from throughout the U. S. and a population from Argentina identified as near G. ashmeadi were analyzed. Four populations (California; San Antonio, Texas; Weslaco, Texas [WTX- 2]; and Florida) were field collected and two (Louisiana and Weslaco, Texas [WTX- 1]) were reared. Three ISSR-PCR reactions were pooled to generate 41 polymorphic markers among the six U.S. populations. Nei's expected heterozygosity values (h), including the reared population from Louisiana, were high (9.01-14.3%) for all populations, except for a reared population from WTX-1 (2.9%). The total genetic diversity value (Ht) for the field populations was high (23%). Interestingly, the Florida population that was collected from one egg mass (siblings) generated the greatest number of polymorphic markers (20) and was observed with the highest gene diversity value (14.3%). All populations, except WTX-2 generated population-specific markers. Comparison of genetic differentiation estimates, which evaluate the degree of genetic subdivision, demonstrated good agreement between G(ST) and. values, 0.38 and 0.50, respectively for field populations, and 0.44 and 0.50, respectively for all populations. Genetic divergence (D) indicated that the WTX-1 population was the most differentiated. Average D results from the Argentina population support the taxonomic data that it is a different species. The present results estimate the population genetic structure of G. ashmeadi, demonstrating genetic divergence and restricted gene flow (Nm = 0.83) among populations. These results are of interest to the Pierce's disease/glassy-winged sharpshooter biological control program because the key to successful biological control may not be in another species, but instead in different geographic races or biotypes. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Lab, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP de Leon, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Lab, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM jhleon@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD FEB 8 PY 2005 VL 5 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 895XK UT WOS:000226897500001 ER PT J AU Cote, GL Dunlap, CA Appell, M Momany, FA AF Cote, GL Dunlap, CA Appell, M Momany, FA TI Alternansucrase acceptor reactions with D-tagatose and L-glucose SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE alternansucrase; glucansucrase; acceptor reactions; D-tagatose; L-glucose ID MESENTEROIDES NRRL B-1355; CONFORMATIONS AB Alternansucrase (EC 2.4.1.140) is a D-glucansucrase that synthesizes an alternating alpha-(1-->3), (1-->6)-linked D-glucan from sucrose. It also synthesizes oligosaccharides via D-glucopyranosyl transfer to various acceptor sugars. Two of the more efficient monosaccharide acceptors are D-tagatose and L-glucose. In the presence Of D-tagatose, alternansucrase produced the disaccharide alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->1)-beta-D-tagatopyranose via glucosyl transfer. This disaccharide is analogous to trehalulose. We were unable to isolate a disaccharide product from L-glucose, but the trisaccharide alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-L-glucose was isolated and identified. This is analogous to panose, one of the structural units of pullulan, in which the reducing-end D-glucose residue has been replaced by its L-enantiomer. The putative L-glucose disaccharide product, produced by glucoamylase hydrolysis of the trisaccharide, was found to be an acceptor for alternansucrase. The disaccharide, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-L-glucose, was a better acceptor than maltose, previously the best known acceptor for alternansucrase. A structure comparison of alpha-D-glucopyranosyl -(1-->4)-L-glucose and maltose was performed through computer modeling to identify common features, which may be important in acceptor affinity by alternansucrase. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Units, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Cote, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM cotegl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD FEB 7 PY 2005 VL 340 IS 2 BP 257 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2004.11.013 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 890IT UT WOS:000226505600008 PM 15639245 ER PT J AU Corzo, A Fritts, CA Kidd, MT Kerr, B AF Corzo, A Fritts, CA Kidd, MT Kerr, B TI Response of broiler chicks to essential and non-essential amino acid supplementation of low crude protein diets SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE broiler; crude protein; glycine; non-essential amino acids ID SOYBEAN-MEAL; BODY-COMPOSITION; GLUTAMIC-ACID; PERFORMANCE; CARCASS; NITROGEN; REQUIREMENTS; THREONINE; GROWTH; FEEDS AB A study was conducted to evaluate individual and combined responses of broiler chicks to nonessential crystalline amino acid supplementation of a low crude protein starter diet. Five-hundred-and-forty Ross 508-day-old male chicks were placed in 90 Petersime battery cages (6 chicks/cage). Birds were fed a pre-starter diet from placement until day 5 formulated to meet or exceed NRC (National Research Council, 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th ed. (revised). National Academy Press, Washinngton, DC) recommendations. They were subsequently fed dietary treatments from 5 to 21 days of age. Treatments consisted of a control diet (220 g/kg CP), a low crude protein (180 g/kg) diet supplemented with L-Lys, DL-Met, L-Thr, and L-Ile, six treatments composed of individual additions of Gly, L-Ala, L-ASP, L-Glu, L-Pro or L-Leu to the low crude protein diet, and the low crude protein diet with the combined supplementation of the aforementioned amino acids. At day 13, the control and low crude protein diet supplemented with all the non-essential amino acids resulted in chicks with higher BW gain and feed conversion than all other treatments. At day 21, supplementation with Gly, Len or Asp to the low crude protein diet resulted in similar BW gain of chicks fed the control diet. Supplementation with Gly or Leu to the low crude protein diet resulted in similar feed conversion to that of chicks fed the control diet. Feed intake was unaffected by dietary treatments. Chicks fed the low crude protein diet or the low crude protein diets supplemented with individual amino acids, except Leu, had lower blood plasma uric acid concentration than chicks fed the control. Nitrogen retention was lowest with the control diet. Results indicate that when feeding chicks a starter-phase diet reduced by 4% points in crude protein, there is additional need for non-essential nitrogen. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Corzo, A (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM acorzo@poultry.msstate.edu NR 27 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD FEB 4 PY 2005 VL 118 IS 3-4 BP 319 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2004.11.007 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 894IP UT WOS:000226784900012 ER PT J AU Hudson, BP Dozier, WA Wilson, JL AF Hudson, BP Dozier, WA Wilson, JL TI Broiler live performance response to dietary zinc source and the influence of zinc supplementation in broiler breeder diets SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE broiler; broiler breeder; dietary zinc; zinc-amino acid complex; zinc sulphate ID DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS; PROGENY PERFORMANCE; POULTRY NUTRITION; CHICKS; BIOAVAILABILITY; HATCHABILITY; METHIONINE; FEED; HENS AB An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of Zn source and Zn concentration in caged broiler breeder hen diets on progeny performance. Eight dietary treatments were examined consisting of a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement (2-progeny diets and 4-diets provided to broiler breeder hens) with each treatment being represented by six replications. Progeny were provided diets supplemented with 140mg Zn kg(-1) from an inorganic source or a mixture of inorganic and organic sources. Slow-feathering, Cobb 500 broiler breeder hens were given one of four experimental diets containing 160 mg supplemental Zn kg(-1) from Zn sulphate (ZnS04), zinc-amino acid complex (ZnAA(1)), a combination of ZnSO4 and ZnAA, with each contributing one-half of the total supplemental Zn, or no supplemental Zn after 20 weeks of age (BASAL). Nor to 20 weeks, all hens were fed diets containing 160 mg supplemental Zn kg(-1) from zinc-amino acid complex. Hatching eggs laid during 43 week were incubated and hatched. Three hundred and thirty-six resultant male chicks were given diets containing 140 mg supplemental Zn kg(-1) from either ZnSO4 (140 mg Zn kg(-1)) or ZnSO4 + ZnAA (ZnSO4, 100 mg Zn kg(-1); ZnAA, 40 mg Zn kg(-1)) during a 17-d growth assay. The chicks originated from broiler breeder hens that were given a diet without supplemental Zn or diets supplemented with different sources of Zn. Providing supplemental Zn to hens in the form of ZnSO4 or ZnAA did not improve progeny performance. At 17 d, broilers fed diets supplemented with ZnSO4 + ZnAA had lower feed conversion (P < 0.001) and higher BW (P < 0.05) than broilers provided diets with added Zn from ZnSO4. These data indicate that broiler chick performance may be improved by replacing 40 mg Zn kg(-1) diet from ZnSO4 with 40 mg Zn kg(-1) from zinc-amino acid complex. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Dozier, WA (reprint author), USDA, Poultry Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM bdozier@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD FEB 4 PY 2005 VL 118 IS 3-4 BP 329 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2004.10.018 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 894IP UT WOS:000226784900013 ER PT J AU Breksa, AP Zukas, AA Manners, GD AF Breksa, AP Zukas, AA Manners, GD TI Determination of limonoate and nomilinoate A-ring lactones in citrus juices by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE limonoids; citrus; solid-phase extraction; juice analysis ID LIMONIN 17-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE; FRUIT-GROWTH; ORANGE JUICE; HYDROLASE; MATURATION; GLUCOSIDES; BITTERNESS; NARINGIN AB The development of delayed bitterness in citrus products is a major problem to citrus producers and juice processors worldwide. A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) method has been developed to quantify the recognized precursors of limonoid derived delayed bitterness, limonoate and nomilinoate A-ring lactones, in a wide variety of citrus juices. The limonoid A-ring lactones were isolated by solid-phase extraction from juice samples, analyzed by negative ion LC-ESI-MS and quantified utilizing the standard addition method. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Breksa, AP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM apb3@pw.usda.gov NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD FEB 4 PY 2005 VL 1064 IS 2 BP 187 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.12.046 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 894HQ UT WOS:000226782100006 PM 15739886 ER PT J AU Blanchard, EJ Graves, EE AF Blanchard, EJ Graves, EE TI Improved flame resistance of cotton/polyester fleece with phosphorus-based, polycarboxylic acids SO AATCC REVIEW LA English DT Article DE cotton; flame resistance; fleece; polycarboxylic acids; polvester ID FORMALDEHYDE; PERFORMANCE; COTTON AB Phosphorus-based polycarboxylic acid formulations containing the readily prepared sodium phosphinicosuccinic acid or sodium phosphinicobissuccinic acid were used to esterify 80/20 cotton/polyester fleece fabric. Cellulose esterification was achieved by reaction of cotton with the acid in the presence of a suitable catalyst. Partial neutralization of the acid allows treatment at pH 3-4.5 instead of pH 2 achievable with the maleic acid/catalyst treatment system due to the buffering action of maleic acid upon addition of sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide. Good reactivity occurred upon curing at 170-180C for 1.5-3 min. Esterification effectiveness was determined by phosphorus analysis. An advantage of the phosphorus-based polycarboxylic acid system is that there is increased char formation upon combustion. In contrast, polycarboxylic acids, such as butanetetracarboxylic acid, citric acid, or maleic acid, undergo glowing combustion with subsequent oxidation to ash. Various factors, including effective concentration levels of chemical agents and reaction conditions, are presented. C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Blanchard, EJ (reprint author), 3125 Metairie Ct, Metairie, LA 70002 USA. EM Eblanch800@aol.com NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 1532-8813 J9 AATCC REV JI AATCC Rev. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 5 IS 2 BP 26 EP 30 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 897VZ UT WOS:000227035100004 ER PT J AU Lundgren, JG Huber, A Wiedenmann, RN AF Lundgren, JG Huber, A Wiedenmann, RN TI Quantification of consumption of corn pollen by the predator Coleomegilia maculata (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) during anthesis in an Illinois cornfield SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; Bt; facultative phytophagy; ladybeetles; pollinivory; risk assessment; transgenic crops; Zea mays ID INSECT PREDATORS; DIGESTION RATE; SWEET CORN; PLANT; FIELD; PREY; CANNIBALISM; LEPIDOPTERA; HYMENOPTERA; ABUNDANCE AB 1 Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer feeds on corn pollen in the field, but the degree to which this predator relies on corn pollen as part of its diet is not well understood. We quantified the amount of pollen consumed by C. maculata second, third and fourth instars and adults in the field. 2 Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the digestion rate and duration of different stadia or stages using temperature regimens that reflected field conditions during anthesis. Coleomegilla maculata larvae and adults were collected from the field and the amount of pollen in their digestive tracts was determined gravimetrically. The rate of digestion, duration of each life stage and the field observations were used to estimate the amount of pollen consumed by second, third and fourth instars and adults. 3 Our models estimate that larvae consume 0.66, 1.67 and 3.30 mg of pollen during the second, third and fourth stadia, respectively. Adults consumed an estimated 13.15 mg during anthesis. 4 The relevance of our results to ecological risk assessment of transgenic insecticidal corn and predator life history strategies is discussed. The results presented here are a first attempt to quantify pollen consumption by a predator, and future areas of research are suggested. C1 Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Ecol Entomol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Lundgren, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM jlundgren@ngirl.ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-9555 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 7 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1111/j.1461-9555.2005.00246.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 896BX UT WOS:000226910700006 ER PT J AU Martel, JW Alford, AR Dickens, JC AF Martel, JW Alford, AR Dickens, JC TI Laboratory and greenhouse evaluation of a synthetic host volatile attractant for Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antifeedant; attractant; Colorado potato beetle; plant volatiles; semiochemicals ID INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; PLANTS; SEMIOCHEMICALS; SYSTEM; TRAPS AB 1 The attractiveness of potato plants treated with a synthetic host volatile blend [(Z)-3-hexenyl acetate (+/-)-linalool, and methyl salicylate] to newly emerged and 5-day-old adult Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), was compared at four doses against untreated control plants and plants treated with an azadirachtin-based antifeedant in greenhouse cage arenas. 2 Attractant-treated plants (derived release rates of 0, 5.7, 17.1 or 57 mug/h) were significantly more attractive than untreated control plants to newly emerged and 5-day-old adults only at 57 mug/h. 3 Attractant-treated plants were significantly more attractive than antifeedant-treated plants to newly emerged and 5-day-old adults at the 5.7 mug/h treatment level and higher. Mean insect density on attractant-treated plants in the attractant/antifeedant study was significantly higher than in the attractant/control study. 4 Habituation to the synthetic attractant was evaluated by exposing adult beetles to the synthetic attractant for 0, 1, 2.5, 4, 8, 12 or 16 h, before release into a wind tunnel in which an attractant-baited plant model was placed at the upwind end. Insects exposed to the synthetic host attractant for less than or equal to 8 h moved to the synthetic attractant-baited plant model whereas insects exposed to the synthetic host attractant for 12 and 16 h did not. Furthermore, beetles exposed to the synthetic attractant for 0 and 1 h moved at rates greater than, or equal to, the median whereas beetles exposed for longer time periods moved at rates significantly less than the median. 5 These results demonstrate the potential for using the synthetic plant attractant and an antifeedant as components in a stimulo-deterrent strategy for management of the Colorado potato beetle as shown by us in another study. C1 USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Dickens, JC (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM alford@maine.edu RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 37 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-9555 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 7 IS 1 BP 71 EP 78 DI 10.1111/j.1461-9555.2005.00247.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 896BX UT WOS:000226910700008 ER PT J AU Martel, JW Alford, AR Dickens, JC AF Martel, JW Alford, AR Dickens, JC TI Synthetic host volatiles increase efficacy of trap cropping for management of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE attractant; kairomone; Colorado potato beetle; plant volatiles; semiochemicals ID INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; PLANTS; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS; INHERITANCE; ATTRACTION; WEEVIL AB 1 The attractiveness of pitfall traps baited with a synthetic host volatile attractant to colonizing adult Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) was evaluated in a field setting. 2 Significantly more postdiapause, colonizing adult L. decemlineata were captured in baited than unbaited pitfall traps. 3 The potential for this synthetic kairomone to enhance the efficacy of trap cropping as a management tool was evaluated by comparing conventionally managed plots with like-sized plots bordered by either attractant-treated trap crop or untreated trap crop. 4 More postdiapause, colonizing adults, egg masses and small larvae were present in attractant-treated trap crops than in untreated trap crops. 5 There were no significant differences in egg mass and small larvae densities between plots bordered by attractant-treated trap crops and conventionally managed plots, but there were significantly fewer large larvae and adult beetles in conventionally managed plots. 6 Plant canopy area of conventionally managed plots was significantly greater than in plots bordered by either type of trap crop. 7 Yields for conventionally managed plots and plots bordered by attractant-treated trap crops did not differ, and less insecticide (44%) was applied to plots bordered by attractant-treated trap crops. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dickens, JC (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM alford@maine.edu RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 42 TC 19 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-9555 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 7 IS 1 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1111/j.1461-9555.2005.00248.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 896BX UT WOS:000226910700009 ER PT J AU Reed, AJ Levedahl, JW Hallahan, C AF Reed, AJ Levedahl, JW Hallahan, C TI The generalized composite commodity theorem and food demand estimation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE cointegration; food demand; generalized composite commodity theorem; nonlinear models ID EQUATION SYSTEMS; TIME-SERIES; UNIT-ROOT; SEPARABILITY; AGGREGATION; COINTEGRATION; TESTS; REGRESSIONS; EQUILIBRIUM; CONSUMER AB This article reports tests of aggregation over consumer food products and estimates of aggregate food demand elasticities. Evidence that food demand variables follow unit root processes leads us to build on and simplify existing tests of the Generalized Composite Commodity Theorem. We compute food demand elasticities using a method of cointegration that is shown to apply to a convenient but nonlinear functional form. Estimates are based on consumer reported expenditure data rather than commercial disappearance data. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Reed, AJ (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 87 IS 1 BP 28 EP 37 DI 10.1111/j.0002-9092.2005.00699.x PG 10 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 889WZ UT WOS:000226474800003 ER PT J AU Hellerstein, D AF Hellerstein, D TI Modeling discrete choice with uncertain data: An augmented MNL estimator SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE multinomial logit; simulated estimator; UIV; UDV; uncertain choices; uncertain variables AB This article introduces a multinomial logit model that uses ancillary information to control for uncertainty in both the observed choices made by respondents, and in the attributes of a respondent's choice set. Simulated data are used to compare the performance of this estimator versus simpler models, under several different kinds of uncertainty. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Hellerstein, D (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. OI Hellerstein, Daniel/0000-0003-0933-8676 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 87 IS 1 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1111/j.0002-9092.2005.00703.x PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 889WZ UT WOS:000226474800007 ER PT J AU Ollinger, M MacDonald, JM Madison, M AF Ollinger, M MacDonald, JM Madison, M TI Technological change and economies of scale in US poultry processing SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE chicken slaughter; consolidation; cost analyses; scale economies; structural change; turkey slaughter ID MARKET POWER; INDUSTRY; COSTS; BEEF AB This article uses a unique data set provided by the Census Bureau and a translog cost function to empirically examine technological change in the U. S. poultry industry. Results reveal substantial scale economies that show no evidence of diminishing with plant size and that are much greater than those realized in cattle and hog slaughter. Findings suggest that consolidation is likely to continue, particularly if demand growth diminishes, and that controlling for plant product mix is critical to accurate cost estimates. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Farm Serv Adm, USDA, Washington, DC USA. US Bur Census, Ctr Econ Studies, Washington, DC USA. RP Ollinger, M (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 87 IS 1 BP 116 EP 129 DI 10.1111/j.0002-9092.2005.00706.x PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 889WZ UT WOS:000226474800010 ER PT J AU Roberts, MJ Bucholtz, S AF Roberts, MJ Bucholtz, S TI Slippage in the conservation reserve program or spurious correlation? A comment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE conservation; instrumental variables; land retirement; slippage; spurious correlation AB The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) pays farmers about $2 billion per year to retire cropland under ten- to fifteen- year contracts. Recent research by Wu found that slippage- an unintended stimulus of new plantings- offsets some of CRP's environmental benefits. Wu does not account for the endogeneity of CRP enrollments. Furthermore, the data used by Wu cannot be used to estimate slippage arising from a price feedback effect. We replicate Wu's findings, demonstrate the possible presence of spurious correlation, and construct new estimates with corrections for endogeneity and other econometric problems. We find no convincing evidence of slippage. C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Roberts, MJ (reprint author), ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 87 IS 1 BP 244 EP 250 DI 10.1111/j.0002-9092.2005.00715.x PG 7 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 889WZ UT WOS:000226474800019 ER PT J AU Sork, VL Smouse, PE Apsit, VJ Dyer, RJ Westfall, RD AF Sork, VL Smouse, PE Apsit, VJ Dyer, RJ Westfall, RD TI A two-generation analysis of pollen pool genetic structure in flowering dogwood, Cornus florida (Cornaceae), in the Missouri Ozarks SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE California; Cornaceae; gene flown; genetic structure; landscape change; pollen movement; silvicultural treatment; TwoGENER ID STARCH-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ACER-SACCHARUM; LANDSCAPE; FLOW; DISPERSAL; CONSEQUENCES; TREES; MOVEMENT AB Anthropogenic landscape change can disrupt gene flow. As part of the Missouri Ozark Forest Ecosystem Project, this study examined whether silvicultural practices influence pollen-mediated gene movement in the insect-pollinated species, Cornus florida L., by comparing pollen pool structure (Phi(st)) among clear-cutting, selective cutting, and uncut regimes with the expectation that pollen movement should be least in the uncut regime. Using a sample of 1500 seedlings - 10 each from 150 seed parents (43 in clear-cut, 74 in selective, and 33 in control sites) from six sites (each ranging from 266 to 527 ha), eight allozyme loci were analyzed with a pollen pool structure approach known as TWOGENER (Smouse et al., 2001; Evolution 55: 260-271). This analysis revealed that pollen pool structure was less in clear-cut ((Phi) over circle (C) = 0.090, P < 0.001) than in uncut areas ((Phi) over cap (U) = 0.174, P < 0.001), with selective-cut intermediate ((Phi) over circles = 0.125, P < 0.001). These estimates translate into more effective pollen donors (N(ep)) in clear-cut (N(ep) = 5.56) and selective-cut (N(ep) = 4.00) areas than in uncut areas (N(ep) = 2.87). We demonstrate that Phi(C) less than or equal to Phi(S) less than or equal to Phi(U), with (Phi) over circle (C), significantly smaller than (Phi) over circle (U) (P < 0.034). The findings imply that, as long as a sufficiently large number of seed parents remain to provide adequate reproduction and to avoid a genetic bottleneck in the effective number of mothers, silvicultural management may not negatively affect the effective number of pollen parents, and hence subsequent genetic diversity in Cornus florida. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Boston Univ, Coll Gen Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RP Sork, VL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Box 951606, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM vlsork@ucla.edu RI Dyer, Rodney /H-1897-2011; OI Dyer, Rodney /0000-0003-4707-3453; Westfall, Bob/0000-0002-8315-3322 NR 51 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 10 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 92 IS 2 BP 262 EP 271 DI 10.3732/ajb.92.2.262 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 897RB UT WOS:000227021400007 PM 21652403 ER PT J AU Shulman, RJ Wong, WW Smith, EOB AF Shulman, RJ Wong, WW Smith, EOB TI Influence of changes in lactase activity and small-intestinal mucosal growth on lactose digestion and absorption in preterm infants SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE lactose; preterm infant; carbohydrate; small intestine ID PREMATURE-INFANTS; SURFACE-AREA; NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS; DISACCHARIDASE ACTIVITIES; FEEDING TOLERANCE; WATER-ABSORPTION; JEJUNAL FLUID; MINIATURE PIG; LENGTH; PERFUSION AB Background: Feeding intolerance (ie, achieving and maintaining full enteral feedings) is a significant problem in preterm infants. A relation exists between feeding intolerance and incomplete lactose digestion. Objectives: We sought to identify the factors relating to lactose digestion and absorption, lactase activity, and small-intestinal mucosal growth. Design: Lactose digestion and absorption, lactase-specific activity, and lumen-to-mucosa water flux as a measure of small-intestinal mucosal surface area were determined by using the triple-lumen perfusion technique on 2 occasions 3 wk apart in 10 preterm infants (x +/- SEM gestational age: 28.0 +/- 0.2 wk). Results: Lactose digestion and absorption and lactase activity doubled between studies (P = 0.035 and P = 0.041, respectively). The change in digestion and absorption was related to lactase activity 2 (P = 0.034, R-2 = 0.38). Lactase activity correlated with gestational age at birth (P = 0.012, R-2 = 0.51). The number of days of feeding explained 80% of the variability in small-intestinal mucosal surface area (P = 0.001). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to measure directly lactose digestion and absorption, lactase activity, and small-intestinal surface area in preterm infants. Changes in lactose absorption relate primarily to lactase activity rather than to mucosal growth. We showed directly a relation between enteral feeding and small-intestinal mucosal growth. C1 Texas Childrens Hosp, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX USA. RP Shulman, RJ (reprint author), 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM rshulman@bcm.tmc.edu NR 42 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 81 IS 2 BP 472 EP 479 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 896OJ UT WOS:000226943100020 PM 15699237 ER PT J AU Lavigne, JA Baer, DJ Wimbrow, HH Albert, PS Brown, ED Judd, JT Campbell, WS Giffen, CA Dorgan, JF Hartman, TJ Barrett, JC Hursting, SD Taylor, PR AF Lavigne, JA Baer, DJ Wimbrow, HH Albert, PS Brown, ED Judd, JT Campbell, WS Giffen, CA Dorgan, JF Hartman, TJ Barrett, JC Hursting, SD Taylor, PR TI Effects of alcohol on insulin-like growth factor I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 in postmenopausal women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE alcohol; insulin-like growth factor I; insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3; postmenopausal women; controlled feeding study ID FACTOR-BINDING PROTEIN-3; BREAST-CANCER RISK; IGF-I; COLORECTAL-CANCER; LUNG-CANCER; PLASMA-LEVELS; BODY-COMPOSITION; C-PEPTIDE; SERUM; MEN AB Background: Increased circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations, frequently adjusted for IGI, binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), have been associated with increased risk of several types of cancer, including colon, prostate, and breast. Studies have suggested that alcohol may affect IGF-I or IGFBP-3; however, controlled feeding studies to assess alcohol's effects on IGF-I or IGFBP-3 have not been conducted. Objective: To determine whether chronic, moderate alcohol intake affects serum IGF-I or IGFBP-3 concentrations, we performed a controlled, crossover feeding study. Design: Fifty-three postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to consume 0 g (control), 15 g (one drink), or 30 g (2 drinks) alcohol daily for 8 wk and were rotated through the other 2 intake levels in random order. All foods and beverages were provided during the intervention. Individuals were monitored and calories adjusted to maintain constant weight, and serum was collected at the end of each diet period. Results: Compared with the effects of 0 g alcohol/d, IGF-I concentrations were nearly unchanged by 15 g alcohol/d (0.8%; 95% CI: -3.2%, 3.5%) but decreased significantly by 4.9% (95% CI: -8.0%, -1.6%) with 30 g alcohol/d. IGFBP-3 concentrations significantly increased by 3.0% (95% CI: 0.4%, 5.6%) with 15 g alcohol/d but did not increase significantly with 30 g/d (1.8%; 95% CI: -0.9%, 4.5%). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first published controlled diet study to find that in postmenopausal women, when weight is kept constant, alcohol consumption reduces the amount of serum IGF-I potentially available for receptor binding. These findings suggest that the effect of alcohol intake should be considered in studies of IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and cancer in postmenopausal women. C1 NCI, Canc Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. Informat Management Serv Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Lavigne, JA (reprint author), NCI, Canc Res Ctr, 9000 Rockville Pike,Bldg 37,Room 5046, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM lavignej@mail.nih.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [Y1-SC-8012] NR 52 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 81 IS 2 BP 503 EP 507 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 896OJ UT WOS:000226943100024 PM 15699241 ER PT J AU Kado, DM Karlamangla, AS Huang, MH Troen, A Rowe, JW Selhub, J Seeman, TE AF Kado, DM Karlamangla, AS Huang, MH Troen, A Rowe, JW Selhub, J Seeman, TE TI Homocysteine versus the vitamins folate, B-6, and B-12 as predictors of cognitive function and decline in older high-functioning adults: MacArthur studies of successful aging SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE homocysteine; folate; vitamin B-6; vitamin B-12; aging; cognitive impairment; cognitive decline ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; RISK; POPULATION; DEFICIENCY; DEMENTIA; PLASMA; SERUM; PERFORMANCE; COMMUNITY; NEURONS AB BACKGROUND: Elevated plasma total homocysteine concentration may be a risk factor for cognitive decline and Alzheimer disease, but data from prospective studies are limited. Further, high homocysteine levels are associated with low vitamin status, and it is unknown whether it is homocysteine toxicity or vitamin insufficiency that is responsible for the observed cognitive dysfunction. METHODS: We performed cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of a cohort of 499 high-functioning community-dwelling persons aged 70 to 79 years to determine the effect of homocysteine and related vitamin plasma concentrations on cognitive function and cognitive decline. Nonfasting plasma concentrations of homocysteine, folate, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 were measured at baseline. Summary measures of cognitive function were created from tests of multiple cognitive domains administered at baseline and again after 7 years. RESULTS: In cross-sectional analyses investigating each variable separately, subjects with elevated homocysteine levels, or low levels of folate or vitamin B-6, demonstrated worse baseline cognitive function. In longitudinal analyses, after adjusting for multiple covariates, including homocysteine, those the bottom quartile of folate had a 1.6-fold increased risk (95% confidence interval: 1.01 to 2.31; P = 0.04) of being in the worst quartile of 7-year cognitive decline. Low folate levels largely accounted for a trend towards greater cognitive decline with elevated homocysteine level. CONCLUSION: In high-functioning older adults, low folate levels appear to be a risk factor for cognitive decline. The risk of developing cognitive decline might be reduced through dietary folate intake. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Geriatr, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Aetna Inc, Hartford, CT USA. RP Kado, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Geriatr, 10945 Conte Ave,Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM dkado@mednet.ucla.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [1K12AG01004, AG-00586, AG-17265, AG-17056] NR 38 TC 159 Z9 167 U1 0 U2 12 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 118 IS 2 BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.08.019 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 893GE UT WOS:000226706500015 PM 15694902 ER PT J AU Bos, C Stoll, B Fouillet, H Gaudichon, C Guan, XF Grusak, MA Reeds, PJ Burrin, DG Tome, D AF Bos, C Stoll, B Fouillet, H Gaudichon, C Guan, XF Grusak, MA Reeds, PJ Burrin, DG Tome, D TI Postprandial intestinal and whole body nitrogen kinetics and distribution in piglets fed a single meal SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE dietary nitrogen; postprandial metabolism; portal drained viscera; nonsteady state; pigs ID PORTAL-DRAINED VISCERA; HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; FREE AMINO-ACIDS; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; DIETARY NITROGEN; SYNTHESIS RATES; UREA KINETICS; PHENYLALANINE UTILIZATION; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT AB Our aim was to characterize the postprandial total and dietary N fluxes in the portal drained viscera (PDV) and whole body after administration of a single meal in young pigs. Seven 4-wk-old piglets, implanted with a portal flow probe and portal, arterial and venous catheters, received a primed constant [O-18] urea intravenous infusion and were studied for 8 h after a bolus mixed meal ingestion ( 46 mmol N/kg body wt) intrinsically labeled with N-15 to trace dietary N fluxes. The real cecal digestibility of the formula was 94.3% (SD 1.8). PDV output of dietary N was found principally in the pool of circulating protein (51% of the measured dietary N PDV output), in the free alpha-amino N pool (44%), and to a lesser extent in ammonia (5%). Dietary N release in alpha-amino N and ammonia mainly occurred during the first 3 h. Total and exogenous postprandial urea productions were 5.8 and 2.0 mmol N/kg body wt, respectively. At the end of the postprandial period, losses of dietary N amounted to 10.3% of the dose: 5.7% through ileal losses and 4.6% by deamination and transfer to urea. Net postprandial retention of dietary N was 90.4% ( SD 1.3), of which 20% was found in splanchnic zone ( small intestine 10%, liver 5%, and plasma protein 3%) and 42% in peripheral zone ( muscle 31%, skin 6%). In conclusion, our results show a high efficiency of dietary N utilization for muscular uptake and anabolic utilization. However, the results obtained point out the necessity to further explore the form of dietary N released into the portal blood. C1 Inst Natl Agron Paris Grignon, UMR INRA INAPG 914, F-75231 Paris 05, France. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Bos, C (reprint author), Inst Natl Agron Paris Grignon, UMR INRA INAPG 914, 16 Rue Claude Bernard, F-75231 Paris 05, France. EM bos@inapg.inra.fr RI Fouillet, Helene/K-7314-2012 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD 33920] NR 58 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 288 IS 2 BP E436 EP E446 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00263.2004 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 888LH UT WOS:000226375100022 PM 15507535 ER PT J AU Vinokurov, KS Oppert, B Elpidina, EN AF Vinokurov, KS Oppert, B Elpidina, EN TI An overlay technique for postelectrophoretic analysis of proteinase spectra in complex mixtures using p-nitroanilide substrates SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ELECTROPHORESIS C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Reg, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Biol, Dept Entomol, Moscow 119992, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, AN Belozersky Inst Physicochem Biol, Moscow 119992, Russia. RP Oppert, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Reg, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM bso@ksu.edu RI Vinokurov, Konstantin/F-9521-2011; Elpidina, Elena/D-5646-2012 NR 10 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1 BP 164 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2004.10.043 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 891ZH UT WOS:000226619000022 PM 15649391 ER PT J AU Sword, GA AF Sword, GA TI Local population density and the activation of movement in migratory band-forming Mormon crickets SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article ID LOCUST PHASE POLYMORPHISM; DESERT LOCUST; SCHISTOCERCA-GREGARIA; SELF-ORGANIZATION; BEHAVIOR; NYMPHS AB The Mormon cricket, Anabrus simplex (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), is a flightless katydid that undergoes major outbreaks in western North America. Under outbreak conditions, Mormon crickets often form large cohesive migratory bands that can contain millions of individuals moving in unison across the landscape. phenism has been hypothesized as a behavioural mechanism underlying Density-dependent phase poly Mormon cricket band formation and movement based largely on the similarity between bands of Mormon crickets and those of migratory locusts. I tested this hypothesis by quantifying the effects of long-term differences in rearing density versus the short-term presence or absence of conspecifics, on Mormon cricket movement behaviour across three different developmental stages. Rearing density and the presence of conspecifics both influenced Mormon cricket movement, but in distinctly different ways. Increases in the expression of walking-related behaviours were mainly induced by the short-term presence of conspecifics. The longer-term effects of high rearing density primarily influenced only, turning-related behaviours. Developmental variation in activity levels was observed and indicates that developmental stage should be an important consideration in future analyses of Mormon cricket movement. Overall, these results suggest that interindividual interactions play a greater role in inducing the movement of migratory band-forming Mormon crickets than do endogenous behavioural-phase changes mediated by high local rearing density. (C) 2004 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Sword, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM gsword@sidney.ars.usda.gov OI Sword, Gregory/0000-0003-2094-2436 NR 27 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 69 BP 437 EP 444 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.04.016 PN 2 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 891NB UT WOS:000226586700021 ER PT J AU Szperka, ME Connor, EE Paape, MJ Williams, JL Bannerman, DD AF Szperka, ME Connor, EE Paape, MJ Williams, JL Bannerman, DD TI Characterization of bovine FAS-associated death domain gene SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; caspase; cytokines; endotoxin; inflammation ID NF-KAPPA-B; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CD95 FAS/APO-1; TNF RECEPTOR; FADD; PROTEIN; ACTIVATION; CELLS; FLICE AB The FAS-associated death domain (FADD) protein is an adapter/signaling molecule that has been shown to function in human cells to promote apoptosis and to inhibit NF-kappaB activation. Because of the critical role that apoptosis and NF-kappaB play in a variety of disease states, we mapped the bovine FADD gene, sequenced bovine FADD cDNA, and characterized its expression in endothelial cells (EC). Sequencing of bovine FADD revealed approximately 65 and 58% amino acid sequence identity to its human and murine homologues, respectively. Bovine FADD was mapped to chromosome 29 by radiation hybrid mapping. In addition, the functionality of bovine FADD was studied. Expression of a bovine FADD dominant-negative construct blocked bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in bovine EC consistent with previous studies of human FADD. In contrast to human FADD, elevated expression of bovine FADD had no effect on LPS- or TNF-alpha-induced upregulation of NF-kappaB-dependent gene products as assayed by E-selectin expression. Thus, while the role of FADD in mediating apoptosis is conserved across species, its role in regulating NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression is not. C1 USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Gen Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Roslin Inst, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Bannerman, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Gen Lab, ANRI, BARC E,Bldg 1040,Room 2, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dbanner@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Williams, John/0000-0001-5188-7957 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [G18276] NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 36 IS 1 BP 63 EP 66 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01207.x PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 889WI UT WOS:000226473100010 PM 15670133 ER PT J AU Fahrenkrug, S Wagner, M Morrison, L Alexander, LJ AF Fahrenkrug, S Wagner, M Morrison, L Alexander, LJ TI Map assignments of 373 previously unreported porcine microsatellites SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID GENOME C1 USDA ARS, LARRL Ft Keogh, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Alexander, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, LARRL Ft Keogh, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM lee@larrl.ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 36 IS 1 BP 76 EP 86 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01223.x PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 889WI UT WOS:000226473100016 PM 15670138 ER PT J AU Wang, S Panter, KE Gaffield, W Evans, RC Bunch, TD AF Wang, S Panter, KE Gaffield, W Evans, RC Bunch, TD TI Effects of steroidal glycoalkaloids from potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) on in vitro bovine embryo development SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bovine embryo development; alpha-chaconine; solanidine-N-oxide; alpha-solanine; Solanum tuberosum ID ALPHA-CHACONINE; ALKALOIDS; CULTURE; CONSUMPTION; BLASTOCYSTS; SELECTION; TOXICITY; HAMSTERS; OOCYTES; XENOPUS AB alpha-Solanine and alpha-chaconine are two naturally occurring steroidal glycoalkaloids in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), and solanidine-N-oxide is a corresponding steroidal aglycone. The objective of this research was to screen potential cyto-toxicity of these potato glycoalkaloids using bovine oocyte maturation, in vitro fertilization techniques and subsequent embryonic development as the in vitro model. A randomized complete block design with four in vitro oocyte maturation (IVM) treatments (Experiment 1) and four in vitro embryo culture (IVC) treatments (Experiment 2) was used. In Experiment 1, bovine oocytes (n = 2506) were matured in vitro in medium supplemented with 6 muM of alpha-solanine, alpha-chaconine, solanidine-N-oxide or IVM medium only. The in vitro matured oocytes were then subject to routine IVF and IVC procedures. Results indicated that exposure of bovine oocytes to the steroidal glycoalkaloids during in vitro maturation inhibited subsequent pre-implantation embryo development. Potency of the embryo-toxicity varied between these steroidal glycoalkaloids. In Experiment 2, IVM/IVF derived bovine embryos (n = 2370) were cultured in vitro in medium supplemented With 6 muM of alpha-solanine, alpha-chaconine, solanidine-N-oxide or IVC medium only. The results showed that the pre-implantation embryo development is inhibited by exposure to these glycoalkaloids. This effect is significant during the later pre-implantation embryo development period as indicated by fewer numbers of expanded and hatched blastocysts produced in the media containing these alkaloids. Therefore, we conclude that in vitro exposure of oocytes and fertilized ova to the steroidal glycoalkaloids from potatoes inhibits pre-implantation embryo development. Furthermore, we suggest that ingestion of Solanum species containing toxic amounts of glycoalkaloids may have negative effects on pre-implantation embryonic survival. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Anim Dairy & Vet Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Wang, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. EM sqwang@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 16 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 85 IS 3-4 BP 243 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.06.002 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 882HU UT WOS:000225930800008 PM 15581508 ER PT J AU Rafii, F Park, M Novak, JS AF Rafii, F Park, M Novak, JS TI Alterations in DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV in resistant mutants of Clostridium perfringens found after in vitro treatment with fluoroquinolones SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; QUINOLONE RESISTANCE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; BACTEROIDES-FRAGILIS; ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA; DETERMINING REGION; POINT MUTATION; GATIFLOXACIN; MOXIFLOXACIN; MECHANISM AB To compare mutations in the DNA gyrase (gyrA and gyrB) and topoisomerase IV (parC and parE) genes of Clostridium perfringens, which are associated with in vitro exposure to fluoroquinolones, resistant mutants were selected from eight strains by serial passage in the presence of increasing concentrations of norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, or trovafloxacin. The nucleotide sequences of the entire gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE genes of 42 mutants were determined. DNA gyrase was the primary target for each fluoroquinolone, and topoisomerase IV was the secondary target. Most mutations appeared in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA (resulting in changes of Asp-87 to Tyr or Gly-81 to Cys) and parC (resulting in changes of Asp-93 or Asp-88 to Tyr or Ser-89 to Ile); only two mutations were found in gyrB, and only two mutations were found in parE. More mutants with multiple gyrA and parC mutations were produced with gatifloxacin than with the other fluoroquinolones tested. Allelic diversity was observed among the resistant mutants, for which the drug MICs increased 2- to 256-fold. Both the structures of the drugs and their concentrations influenced the selection of mutants. C1 US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Microbiol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. USDA ARS, ERRC, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Rafii, F (reprint author), US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Microbiol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM fatemeh.rafii@fda.hhs.gov NR 37 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 49 IS 2 BP 488 EP 492 DI 10.1128/AAC.49.2.488-492.2005 PG 5 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 893HM UT WOS:000226709900002 PM 15673722 ER PT J AU Garcia, RA Riley, MR AF Garcia, RA Riley, MR TI Relative effectiveness of pretreatments on performance of Rhizomucor miehei lipase in nonpolar reaction media SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nonaqueous enzymology; lipase; pretreatment; lyophilization; fragrance ID ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; NONAQUEOUS MEDIA; INTERFACIAL ACTIVATION; CITRONELLYL ACETATE; ENZYMES; WATER AB Enzymes can be used in nonpolar reaction media to modify water-insoluble substrates. A variety of pretreatments, applied to the enzyme prior to introduction to the nonpolar media, can improve enzyme activity. However, the various pretreatments have not been studied using directly comparable conditions, nor have they been applied simultaneously to test for interactive effects. This work evaluates pretreatment of lipase with various classes of additives. The pretreated lipase is used to catalyze esterification between citronellol and acetic acid in a medium of n-hexane. The effectiveness of a particular pretreatment is presented in terms of relative performance (RP), which is equal to the number of times faster the pretreated lipase catalyzes the reaction relative to untreated lipase. The individual and interactive effects of the pretreatment factors were studied and compared. Buffer salts had a much stronger performance-enhancing effect than nonbuffer salts; pretreatment with 90% (w/w) sodium phosphate yielded lipase with an RP of approx 64. A strong interaction was found between the treatments with sodium phosphate and pH adjustment. These treatments may mitigate the inhibitory effect of acetic acid. Activating effects of phase interfaces and active-site protectants are shown to be complementary to other treatments, demonstrating that they likely act by distinct mechanisms. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Garcia, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM rgarcia@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Garcia, Rafael/D-2796-2009 OI Garcia, Rafael/0000-0002-5452-3929 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 120 IS 2 BP 81 EP 95 DI 10.1385/ABAB:120:2:081 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 901IB UT WOS:000227275100001 PM 15695838 ER PT J AU Borowicz, VA Alessandro, R Albrecht, U Mayer, RT AF Borowicz, VA Alessandro, R Albrecht, U Mayer, RT TI Effects of nutrient supply and below-ground herbivory by Diaprepes abbreviatus L. (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) on citrus growth and mineral content SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE root herbivory; plant nutrition; plant-herbivore interactions; C : N ratio ID ROOT HERBIVORY; BIOMASS ALLOCATION; CENTAUREA-MACULOSA; PLANT COMPETITION; INSECT HERBIVORY; SOIL FERTILITY; BUSH LUPINE; HOST-PLANT; PERFORMANCE; RESPONSES AB Three-year-old citrus trees were grown in the greenhouse to study the effects of fertilizer concentration and root herbivory on plant growth and mineral concentration. In separate experiments, sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) and Swingle citrumelo (C. paradisi Macf. x Poncirus trifoliate L.) plants were treated with a complete fertilizer diluted to provide 25, 100, 200, or 400 ppm N and grown for 7 weeks with or without Diaprepes abbreviatus L. larvae. Increased fertilizer concentration increased the shoot mass and the shoot:root ratio of both sour orange and Swingle citrumelo. Root herbivory also increased the shoot:root ratio by depressing root growth more than shoot growth. Effects of root herbivory on growth were consistent across the four levels of fertilizer concentration, indicating that tolerance is not a function of nutrient status. For both rootstocks, concentrations of nitrogen in roots and leaves increased with fertilizer concentration, and C:N ratios decreased. In sour orange, root herbivory most strongly affected the concentration of carbon in roots, whereas in Swingle citrumelo, root herbivory most strongly affected leaf nitrogen. In general, herbivory reduced mineral concentrations of roots but the strength, and sometimes the direction, of herbivore effects varied significantly among fertilizer treatments. This research indicates that application of excess, balanced fertilizer is unlikely to offset growth reductions due to root herbivory by D. abbreviatus, and suggests that supplementation of specific nutrients may be of value. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Illinois State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, BEES Sect, Normal, IL 61790 USA. USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Borowicz, VA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM vaborow@ilstu.edu OI Alessandro, Rocco/0000-0001-7983-0557 NR 43 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 28 IS 2 BP 113 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2004.07.007 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 898VF UT WOS:000227103600002 ER PT J AU Tovar-Mendez, A Hirani, TA Miernyk, JA Randall, DD AF Tovar-Mendez, A Hirani, TA Miernyk, JA Randall, DD TI Analysis of the catalytic mechanism of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase; GHKL superfamily; protein kinase; reaction mechanism ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; PROTEIN-KINASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; HISTIDINE KINASE; ATPASE/KINASE SUPERFAMILY; CHEMICAL MECHANISMS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ATPASE REACTION AB It has been proposed that "Glu238" within the N-box of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) is a base catalyst. The pH dependence of k(cat) of Arabidopsis thaliana PDK indicates that ionizable groups with pK values of 6.2 and 8.4 are necessary for catalysis, and the temperature dependence of these values suggests that the acidic pK is due to a carboxyl- or imidazole-group. The E238 and K241 mutants had elevated K-m,K- ATP values. The acidic pK value of the E238A mutant was shifted to 5.5. The H233A, L234H, and L234A mutants had the same pK values as wild-type AtPDK, contrary to the previous proposal of a "Glu-polarizing" His. Instead, we suggest that the conserved Glu, Lys, and Asn residues of the N-box contribute to coordinating Mg2+ in a position critical for formation of the PDK-MgATP-substrate ternary complex. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Randall, DD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, 117 Schweitzer Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM randalld@missouri.edu NR 38 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 434 IS 1 BP 159 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.abb.2004.10.017 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 889QO UT WOS:000226457700019 PM 15629119 ER PT J AU Shackel, KA Celorio-Mancera, MDLP Ahmadi, H Greve, LC Teuber, LR Backus, EA Labavitch, JM AF Shackel, KA Celorio-Mancera, MDLP Ahmadi, H Greve, LC Teuber, LR Backus, EA Labavitch, JM TI Micro-injection of Lygus salivary gland proteins to simulate feeding damage in alfalfa and cotton flowers SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposim on Insect Saliva held at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Entomological-Society-of-America CY OCT, 2003 CL Cincinnati, OH SP Entomol Soc Amer DE crop protection; flower; pectin; polygalacturonase; polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein ID POLYGALACTURONASE-INHIBITING PROTEINS; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; FUNGAL POLYGALACTURONASES; HESPERUS HEMIPTERA; MIRIDAE; HETEROPTERA; INDUCTION; TOMATO; IDENTIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Alfalfa and cotton flowers were pierced with small glass capillaries of an overall size and shape similar to that of Lygus stylets, and injected with small quantities (6 to 100 nL) of solutions that contained Lygus salivary enzymes. Crude and partially purified protein solutions from lygus heads and isolated salivary glands showed substantial polygalacturonase (PG) activity, as has been previously reported. Following injection with both crude and partially purified protein solutions, as well as with pure fungal and bacterial PGs, flowers of both alfalfa and cotton exhibited damage similar to that caused by lygus feeding. Injection with the same volume of a buffer control as well as a buffer control containing BSA at a comparable protein concentration (approximately 6 mug/mL) showed no symptoms. These results are consistent with a previously suggested hypothesis that the extensive tissue damage caused by Lygus feeding is primarily due to the action of the PG enzyme on the host tissue, rather than to mechanical damage caused by the insect stylet. Substantial genotypic variation for a PG inhibiting protein (PGIP) exists in alfalfa and cotton. We, therefore, suggest that breeding and selection for increased native PGIP levels, or transformation with genes encoding PGIP from other plant species, may be of value in obtaining alfalfa and cotton varieties that are more resistant to Lygus feeding damage. (C) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Parlier, CA USA. RP Labavitch, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jmlabavitch@ucdavis.edu RI Celorio Mancera, Maria de la Paz/J-6687-2012; Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011; OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180; Celorio-Mancera, Maria de la Paz/0000-0003-0296-0577 NR 39 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 58 IS 2 BP 69 EP 83 DI 10.1002/arch.20033 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 893GB UT WOS:000226706200003 PM 15660364 ER PT J AU Williams, L Rodriguez-Saona, C Pare, PW Crafts-Brandner, SJ AF Williams, L Rodriguez-Saona, C Pare, PW Crafts-Brandner, SJ TI The piercing-sucking herbivores Lygus hesperus and Nezara viridula induce volatile emissions in plants SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposim on Insect Saliva held at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Entomological-Society-of-America CY OCT, 2003 CL Cincinnati, OH SP Entomol Soc Amer DE Lygus hesperus; Nezara viridula; Miridae; Pentatomidae; plant volatiles; herbivory; salivary glands; volicitin ID COTTON PLANTS; PARASITIC WASPS; NICOTIANA-ATTENUATA; HEADSPACE VOLATILES; ORAL SECRETIONS; DAMAGED PLANTS; BEET ARMYWORM; HOST; OVIPOSITION; IDENTIFICATION AB Plant volatiles induced by herbivory are often used as olfactory cues by foraging herbivores and their natural enemies, and thus have potential for control of agricultural pests. Compared to chewing insects and mites, little is known about plant volatile production following herbivory by insects with piercing-sucking mouthparts. Here, we studied factors (insect life stage, gender, the role of salivary glands, and type of bioassay used for volatile induction) that influence the induction of plant volatiles by two agriculturally important hemipterans, Lygus hesperus and Nezara viridula. Feeding on intact cotton by virgin females of L. hesperus induced 2.6-fold greater volatile response compared to that induced by mated females, possibly due to increased feeding activity by virgin females. This plant volatile response was associated with elicitors present in the insect's salivary glands as well as to the degree of mechanical injury. Feeding injury by N. viridula females also increased volatile emissions in intact maize by approximately 2-fold compared to control plants. Maize seedlings injured by N. viridula emitted higher amounts of the monoterpene linalool, the sesquiterpenes (E)-beta-caryophyllene, alpha-trsns-bergamotene, and (E,E)-beta-farnesene, and the homoterpene (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene, but not amounts of green leaf volatiles, compared to uninjured plants. Emissions from intact maize injured by adult males were lower than those emitted by adult females of the some age and did not differ from those emitted by uninjured plants. Similarly, feeding by virgin female N. viridula followed by excision led to 64% higher quantities of volatiles compared to untreated plants. Volatile emission in excised plants, however, was considerably greater than in intact plants, suggesting that careful consideration must be given to bioassay design in studies of herbivore-induced plant volatiles. Salivary gland extracts of N. viridula led to sesquiterpene emissions approximately 2.5-fold higher than for controls, although no significant differences were observed for green leaf volatiles, monoterpenes, and homoterpenes. These results indicate that L. hesperus and female N. viridula feeding induce volatile production in plants, and that volatile production is affected by gender and life stage of the bug. Although oviposition and mechanical injury by stylets may increase release of volatiles, elicitors from salivary glands of L. hesperus and N. viridula also seem to ploy a role in the emission of plant volatiles. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(t). C1 USDA ARS, SIMRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Williams, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, SIMRU, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM lwilliams@ars.usda.gov RI Pare, Paul/E-3055-2013 OI Pare, Paul/0000-0003-1644-723X NR 53 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 58 IS 2 BP 84 EP 96 DI 10.1002/arch.20035 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 893GB UT WOS:000226706200004 PM 15660365 ER PT J AU Gomez, SK Cox, MM Bede, JC Inoue, K Alborn, HT Tumlinson, JH Korth, KL AF Gomez, SK Cox, MM Bede, JC Inoue, K Alborn, HT Tumlinson, JH Korth, KL TI Lepidopteran herbivory and oral factors induce transcripts encoding novel terpene synthases in Medicago truncatula SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposim on Insect Saliva held at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Entomological-Society-of-America CY OCT, 2003 CL Cincinnati, OH SP Entomol Soc Amer DE chloroplast; isoprenoid; oral secretion; terpenoid; wound ID PLANT VOLATILES; JASMONIC ACID; MANDUCA-SEXTA; ISOPRENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; ENVELOPE MEMBRANE; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; PARASITIC WASPS; ELICITOR; SECRETIONS; VOLICITIN AB Terpenes are an important class of defense compounds that accumulate in plants after pathogen infection or arthropod injury. Sequences predicted to encode terpene synthases were selected from an expressed sequence tag (EST) database of Medicago truncatula. Four putative terpene synthase clones (MtTps1-MtTps4), originating from a chewing insect-damaged A truncatula leaf cDNA library, were isolated. Transcript levels of each gene examined increased in response to artificial wounding, Spodoptera exigua herbivory, and treatment with volatile methyl jasmonate (meJA). Addition of S. exigua regurgitant to wound sites triggered transcript accumulation of MtTps1 and levels increased with higher concentrations of regurgitant. Furthermore, induction of MtTps1 occurred after application of N-linolenoyl-glutamate of N-linoleoyl-glutamate, factors found in lepi-dopteran regurgitant. Genomic DNA blots indicate that each of the putative proteins is encoded by a single-copy gene or a small gene family. Proteins encoded by MtTps3 and MtTps4 are imported into the soluble fraction of chloroplasts in in vitro assays, whereas proteins encoded by MtTps1 and MtTps2 are not imported into chloroplasts. Combined with sequence comparisons of multiple plant terpene synthases, the import data indicate that MtTps1 and MtTps2 likely encode sesquiterpene synthases and that MtTps3 and MtTps4 encode mono- or di-terpene synthases. In addition to serving as a valuable model legume species for genomic studies, M. truncatula should prove a valuable source of novel terpene-producing enzymes. Induction of wound-responsive genes by insect oral factors suggests that A truncatula senses biotic damage through the presence of elicitors originating in the herbivore. (C) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Korth, KL (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, 217 Plant Sci Bldg, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM kkorth@uark.edu RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011; Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 43 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 58 IS 2 BP 114 EP 127 DI 10.1002/arch.20037 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 893GB UT WOS:000226706200007 PM 15660362 ER PT J AU Tzanetakis, IE Reed, J Martin, RR AF Tzanetakis, IE Reed, J Martin, RR TI Nucleotide sequence, genome organization and phylogenetic analysis of Strawberry pallidosis associated virus, a new member of the genus Crinivirus SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEET YELLOWS CLOSTEROVIRUS; EDGE-ASSOCIATED POTEXVIRUS; VEIN BANDING VIRUS; STRAND RNA VIRUSES; MINOR COAT PROTEIN; HSP70 HOMOLOG; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; LEADER PROTEINASE; PLANT-VIRUSES; STUNT-VIRUS AB The complete nucleotide sequence of Strawberry pallidosis associated virus (SPaV), a newly identified member of the genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae has been determined. RNA1 is 8067 nucleotides long and encodes at least three open reading frames (ORFs). The first ORF (ORF 1a) specifies a multifunctional protein that has papain-like proteinase, methyltransferase and RNA helicase domains. The RNA-dependent- RNA polymerase is encoded in ORF 1b and is probably expressed by a + 1 ribosomal frameshift. The 3' ORF of RNA 1 encodes a small protein with two potential transmembrane helices. RNA 2 is 7979 nucleotides long and encodes 8 ORFs, similar in amino acid sequence and arrangement with those of other criniviruses. SPaV encodes the largest structural protein of closteroviruses sequenced to date as the minor coat protein of the virus has molecular mass of approximately 80 kDa. The 3' non-translated regions share nucleotide sequence identities of about 56% and the predicted folding of the non-translated regions is similar. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that SPaV is related most closely to Abutilon yellows virus and Beet pseudo-yellows virus, another virus that has been identified recently to cause identical symptoms on strawberry indicator plants as SPaV. C1 ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Ctr Gene Res & Biotechnol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Martin, RR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Str, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM Martinrr@science.oregonstate.edu RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 NR 58 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 150 IS 2 BP 273 EP 286 DI 10.1007/s00705-004-0410-z PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 887QT UT WOS:000226321300006 PM 15503221 ER PT J AU French, R Stenger, DC AF French, R Stenger, DC TI Genome sequences of Agropyron mosaic virus and Hordeum mosaic virus support reciprocal monophyly of the genera Potyvirus and Rymovirus in the family Potyviridae SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; MOTTLE-VIRUS; MEMBERS; MODEL; GENUS; TRITIMOVIRUS; INCONGRUENCE; PROTEINASE AB Assignment of mite-transmitted species to the genus Rymovirus (family Potyviridae) has changed several times, and the status of the genus has been questioned. To address this issue, complete genome sequences of the rymoviruses Agropyron mosaic virus (AgMV) and Hordeum mosaic virus (HoMV) were determined. AgMV (9540 nucleotides) and HoMV (9463 nucleotides) each encode a single polyprotein with proteinase cleavage sites demarcating protein products characteristic of monopartite species of the family Potyviridae. Of the described species of Potyviridae, AgMV and HoMV are most closely related to each other (68.5% nucleotide and 71.6% amino acid sequence identity) and equidistant (about 53% nucleotide and about 49% amino acid sequence identity) from a third rymovirus, Ryegrass mosaic virus (RGMV). Phylogenetic analyses by neighbor joining, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference each grouped the three Rymovirus species in an exclusive clade distinct from a clade containing 34 species of the genus Potyvirus. Because AgMV, HoMV, and RGMV share a reciprocal monophyletic relationship with species of the genus Potyvirus and are divergent in sequence and type of vector, the genus Rymovirus should be retained as a taxonomic unit within the family Potyviridae. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP French, R (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 344 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM rfrench@unlnotes.unl.edu NR 41 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 150 IS 2 BP 299 EP 312 DI 10.1007/s00705-004-0396-6 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 887QT UT WOS:000226321300008 PM 15449142 ER PT J AU Lau, E Nash, CZ Vogler, DR Cullings, KW AF Lau, E Nash, CZ Vogler, DR Cullings, KW TI Molecular diversity of cyanobacteria inhabiting coniform structures and surrounding mat in a yellowstone hot spring SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lithified coniform structures; cyanobacteria; hot spring stromatolites ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCES; MICROBIAL MATS; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; COLORADO PLATEAU; WARRAWOONA GROUP; COMMUNITY; STROMATOLITES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; MICROORGANISMS AB Lithified coniform structures are common within cyanobacterial mats in Yellowstone National Park hot springs. It is unknown whether these structures and the mats from which they develop are inhabited by the same cyanobacterial populations. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA was used to determine whether (1) three different morphological types of lithified coniform structures are inhabited by different cyanobacterial species, (2) these species are partitioned along a vertical gradient of these structures, and (3) lithified and non-lithified sections of mat are inhabited by different cyanobacterial species. Our results, based on multiple samplings, indicate that the cyanobacterial community compositions in the three lithified morphological types were identical and lacked any vertical differentiation. However, lithified and non-lithified portions of the same mat were inhabited by distinct and different populations of cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria inhabiting lithified structures included at least one undefined Oscillatorialean taxon, which may represent the dominant cyanobacteria genus in lithified coniform stromatolites, Phormidium, three Synechococcus-like species, and two unknown cyanobacterial taxa. In contrast, the surrounding mats contained four closely related Synechococcus-like species. Our results indicate that the distribution of lithified coniform stromatolites may be dependent on the presence of one or more microorganisms, which are phylogenetically different from those inhabiting surrounding non-lithified mats. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Dept Geol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Davis, CA USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Lau, E (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, 16 Divin Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM elau@oeb.harvard.edu NR 54 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1531-1074 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD FEB PY 2005 VL 5 IS 1 BP 83 EP 92 DI 10.1089/ast.2005.5.83 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 896SB UT WOS:000226952700007 PM 15711172 ER PT J AU Kajinami, K Brousseau, ME Lamon-Fava, S Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ AF Kajinami, K Brousseau, ME Lamon-Fava, S Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ TI Gender-specific effects of estrogen receptor alpha gene haplotype on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol response to atorvastatin: interaction with apolipoprotein AI gene polymorphism SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors; pharmacogenetics; estrogen receptor alpha; apolipoprotein A1 ID I GENE; CONTROLLED TRIAL; HDL-CHOLESTEROL; DISEASE; PROMOTER; THERAPY; WOMEN; RISK; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; INDIVIDUALS AB Statins can modestly raise the levels of HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1). Recently, associations between polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and the HDL cholesterol response to hormone replacement therapy were reported. To test the hypothesis that common polymorphisms in ESR1 and APOA1 genes are associated with the response to statin therapy, two ESR1 (PvuII and XbaI) and two APOA1 (G-75A and +83) polymorphisms were examined in 338 hypercholesterolemic patients treated with atorvastatin 10 mg. The ESR1 PvuII(-)XbaI(+) haplotype was significantly, and independently, associated with a greater response of HDL raising in women (+13% versus +7%, p = 0.010) but not in men (+9% versus +7%, p = 0.248). Effects of the APOA1 +83 variant allele on HDL cholesterol response also differed significantly by gender (p = 0.012). The APOA1 +83 variant allele was associasted with higher basal LDL cholesterol levels in men as well, but not in women. Finally, significant interactions were observed between the ESR1 PvuII(-)XbaI(+) haplotype and the APOA1+83 variant allele regarding both HDL (p = 0.042) and LDL (p = 0.031) cholesterol responses. In conclusion, the ESR1 haplotype was associated with a greater HDL-raising to atorvastatin in a gender-specific manner, and the interactions between ESR1 and APOA1 genotypes regarding HDL and LDL cholesterol response were also gender specific. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Lipid Res Lab, Div Endocrinol Metab & Mol Biol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Kanazawa Med Univ, Dept Cardiol, Uchinada, Ishikawa 9200293, Japan. RP Kajinami, K (reprint author), Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Lipid Res Lab, Div Endocrinol Metab & Mol Biol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM kajinami@kanazawa-med.ac.jp FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 25 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD FEB PY 2005 VL 178 IS 2 BP 331 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.athersclerosis.2004.08.034 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 900FM UT WOS:000227200800015 PM 15694942 ER PT J AU Riddick, EW AF Riddick, EW TI Egg load of lab-cultured Anaphes iole and effects of mate presence and exposure time on load depletion SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Anaphes iole; egg parasitoid; pro-ovigenic; rearing ID LYGUS-HESPERUS KNIGHT; BODY-SIZE; PARASITOID WASPS; LINEOLARIS PALISOT; HYMENOPTERA; FECUNDITY; MYMARIDAE; TRICHOGRAMMA; LONGEVITY; MIRIDAE AB Anaphes iole Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) is a solitary egg parasitoid of Lygus bugs (Heteroptera: Miridae) in North America. This research considered factors that might impact the egg load of lab-cultured A. iole females, reared from Lygus hesperus Knight egg patches. The following hypotheses were tested: (1) egg load was related to body size and not affected by female age, and (2) egg load depletion was not affected by mate presence and time (in days) that females were exposed to host patches. Initial egg load averaged 48 mature eggs and no immature eggs were detected in the ovarioles of dissected females. Egg load was neither related to body size (hind tibia or forewing length) nor affected significantly by age (0, 1 or 2 days old honey-fed females). Mate presence (females with or without males) and exposure time (1, 3 or 5 days on the same host patch) had no effect on egg load depletion. Females usually depleted most of their egg load within 24 h. From 86 to 92% of females contained less than six mature eggs and no immature eggs after 1, 3 or 5 days of exposure to host patches. The results of this study suggest that A. iole females are certainly pro-ovigenic and initial egg load does not correlate with body size or age. Since mated and unmated females deplete most of their egg load in 24 h, time-efficient production of progeny may result when ovipositing parasitoids are exposed to suitable hosts for just a few days. C1 ARS, USDA, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Riddick, EW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, POB 5367,810 Highway 12 E, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM ewriddick@ars.usda.gov OI riddick, eric/0000-0002-4795-961X NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD FEB PY 2005 VL 50 IS 1 BP 53 EP 67 DI 10.1007/s10526-004-1071-2 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 904CR UT WOS:000227474200004 ER PT J AU Cui, JB Li, CS Sun, G Trettin, C AF Cui, JB Li, CS Sun, G Trettin, C TI Linkage of MIKE SHE to Wetland-DNDC for carbon budgeting and anaerobic biogeochemistry simulation SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biogeochemical modeling; carbon dynamics; forest wetland; greenhouse gases emission; mitigation strategies ID MODELING METHANE FLUXES; NATURAL WETLANDS; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; BOREAL MIRES; CO2 EXCHANGE; EMISSIONS; PEATLAND; BOG; NORTHERN AB This study reports the linkage between MIKE SHE and Wetland-DNDC for carbon dynamics and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions simulation in forested wetland.Wetland-DNDC was modified by parameterizing management measures, refining anaerobic biogeochemical processes, and was linked to the hydrological model - MIKE SHE. As a preliminary application, we simulated the effect of water table position and forest management practices on GHGs emissions and carbon dynamics to test the capabilities of the models for simulating seasonal and long-term carbon budget. Simulation results show that water table changes had a remarkable effect on GHGs fluxes. Anaerobic conditions in forested wetland soils reduce organic matter decomposition and stimulate CH4 production. Decrease in the water table from the wetland surface decreases methane flux, while CO2 emission was lower with a rise in the water table. When there is a drop in water availability, wetlands can become a net source of atmospheric CO2 as photosynthesis is decreased and respiration loss enhanced. Forest management activities i.e. harvest, fertilization and reforestation practices were parameterized in the model. We predicted carbon fluxes and stores on a pine forest under different forest management scenarios during 160 years. Results show that average long-term carbon storage in ecosystem pools increased with increasing rotation length; Soil carbon showed only minor, long-term responses to harvesting events. In contrast, carbon sequestered in tree biomass and litter fluctuated widely, in concert with the harvest cycle. Application of nitrogen fertilizer increased average carbon storage in all ecosystem pools and wood products. We presented the linkage of MIKE SHE and Wetland-DNDC as a way to use of simulation modeling tools for assessing GHGs mitigation strategies, carbon budgeting and forest management. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Cui, JB (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Inst Environm Sci, Ecol Modelling & Carbon Sci Lab, Case Postale 8888,Succursale Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. EM jcui@eos.sr.unh.edu NR 46 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD FEB PY 2005 VL 72 IS 2 BP 147 EP 167 DI 10.1007/s10533-004-0367-8 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 936QW UT WOS:000229871500001 ER PT J AU Lovett, GM Likens, GE Buso, DC Driscoll, CT Bailey, SW AF Lovett, GM Likens, GE Buso, DC Driscoll, CT Bailey, SW TI The biogeochemistry of chlorine at Hubbard Brook, New Hampshire, USA SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE atmospheric deposition; chloride biogeochemistry; forest disturbance; forest ecosystem; nutrient cycling; watershed ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; EMISSIONS INVENTORY; REACTIVE CHLORINE; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; GLOBAL EMISSIONS; SUGAR MAPLES; LONG-TERM; ECOSYSTEM; CHEMISTRY AB Chlorine is a minor constituent of most rocks and a minor ( although essential) element in plants, but it cycles rapidly through the hydrosphere and atmosphere. In forest ecosystem studies, chloride ion (Cl-) is often thought to be conservative in the sense that the sources and sinks within the ecosystem are assumed negligible compared to inputs and outputs. As such, Cl- is often used as a conservative tracer to assess sources and transformations of other ions. In this paper we summarize research on chloride over the course of 36 years ( 1964 - 2000) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) in central New Hampshire, USA. Evidence presented here suggests that in the 1960s and 1970s the dominant source of atmospheric Cl- deposition was from pollutant sources, probably coal burning. In the 1970s the Cl- inputs in bulk deposition declined, and the lower Cl- deposition in the last two decades is dominated by marine sources. Between 1964 and 2000 there was no significant trend in Cl- export in stream flow, thus the net hydrologic flux (NHF = bulk deposition inputs - streamflow outputs) has changed over this period. Early in the record the NHF was on average positive, indicating net retention of Cl- within the system, but since about 1980 the NHF has been consistently negative, indicating an unmeasured input or source within the ecosystem. Dry deposition can account for at least part of that unmeasured source, and it appears that release of Cl- from mineralization of soil organic matter (SOM) may also play an important role. We believe that accumulation of Cl- in vegetation during the 1960s and 1970s offset the unmeasured source and resulted in net ecosystem retention. Accumulation of vegetative biomass has ceased since about 1982, leading to the apparent net export ( negative NHF) since that time. Although we have no direct measurements of Cl- accumulation in vegetation, our estimates suggest that an aggrading forest could sequester about 32 mol Cl ha(-1) year(-1), or about a third of the annual average bulk deposition flux to this ecosystem. Experimental additions of Cl- to the forest floor cause increases in Cl- concentration in foliage, throughfall, and soil solution. Manipulations of vegetation also affect the Cl- cycle. Harvesting or devegetation of watersheds causes an increase in the Cl- concentration and flux in stream water for several years after the disturbance. This period of release is followed by a period of reaccumulation of Cl- that may last more than 15 years. In this respect, the behavior of Cl- after disturbance parallels that of NO3-, for which export increases after disturbance due to reduced plant nitrogen uptake and mineralization of nitrogen from detritus, rather than SO42-, for which export decreases after disturbance due to pH-dependent adsorption onto mineral soils. The interannual pattern of Cl- export from the system primarily reflects the atmospheric inputs, but the net retention and cycling of Cl- within the system appears to be largely under biological, rather than geochemical, control. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13152 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Hubbard Brook Expt Forest, Campton, NH 03223 USA. RP Lovett, GM (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, POB AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. EM LovettG@ecostudies.org RI Lovett, Gary/H-3800-2013; Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; OI Lovett, Gary/0000-0002-8411-8027; Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X; Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 NR 76 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD FEB PY 2005 VL 72 IS 2 BP 191 EP 232 DI 10.1007/s10533-004-0357-x PG 42 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 936QW UT WOS:000229871500003 ER PT J AU Setamou, M Jiang, NQ Schulthess, F AF Setamou, M Jiang, NQ Schulthess, F TI Effect of the host plant on the survivorship of parasitized Chilo partellus Swinhoe (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) larvae and performance of its larval parasitoid Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Cotesia flavipes; Chilo partellus; parasitism; host plant; maize; wild and cultivated sorghum; Napier grass; tritrophic interaction ID AFRICAN GRAMINEOUS STEMBORERS; NATURAL ENEMIES; STEM-BORERS; FUSARIUM-VERTICILLIOIDES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MAIZE; GRASSES; SUITABILITY; HERBIVORES; NOCTUIDAE AB The effect of wild and cultivated gramineous hosts on the survivorship and weight of parasitized Chilo partellus larvae and on the performance of its larval parasitoid Cotesia flavipes were studied under laboratory conditions. in two experiments In Experiment A, weight of Ch. partellus larvae offered to Co. flavipes was allowed to vary with host plant species in order to assess both the effect of weight and quality of larvae, as affected by the host plant.. on the performance of the parasitoid. In Experiment B. larvae of similar weight across host plant species were selected to enable to separate the effect of weight from that of quality of the larvae. In Experiment A, the mean weight of larvae that produced cocoons varied significantly with plant species. In both experiments. the Percentage of larvae producing cocoons and mean progeny size were lower and larvae died faster on wild than cultivated host plants. Immature development time of Co. flavipes tended to be higher on wild than cultivated grasses. The proportion of female progeny was highest on maize and lowest on the two sorghum species, in Experiment A, whereas in Experiment B. the sex ratio was similar between the host plant species. Similarly, egg-load of Co. flavipes offspring was highest on maize and lowest on Napier grass in Experiment A. but it did not vary significantly between host plants in Experiment B. It is suggested that in the coastal region of Kenya. perennial wild sorghum species are vital for the survival of Co. flavipes during the dry season, when superior plant hosts such as cultivated sorghum and maize are scarce. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 ICIPE, Stemborer Biol Control Program, Nairobi, Kenya. USDA ARS, Beneficial Insect Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Schulthess, F (reprint author), ICIPE, Stemborer Biol Control Program, POB 30772-00100,GPO, Nairobi, Kenya. EM fschulthess@icipe.org NR 57 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD FEB PY 2005 VL 32 IS 2 BP 183 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2004.09.008 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 892PQ UT WOS:000226662900001 ER PT J AU Bai, C Shapiro-Ilan, DI Gaugler, R Hopper, KR AF Bai, C Shapiro-Ilan, DI Gaugler, R Hopper, KR TI Stabilization of beneficial traits in Heterorhabditis bacteriophora through creation of inbred lines SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control; entomopathogenic nematode; Heterorhabditis; inbred line; insect; trait stability ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; DETERIORATION; POPULATIONS; COLEOPTERA; GENETICS; CURCULIONIDAE; PHYTOSEIIDAE; REPRODUCTION; STEINERNEMA; SELECTION AB Serial culturing of organisms used for biological pest suppression often leads to detrimental genetic changes and loss of utility. We established that genetically homozygous inbred lines can deter beneficial trait decline in the entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Three inbred lines and the foundation population were serially cultured in the insect host, Galleria mellonella. Trait stability was evaluated by comparing serially cultured with non-cultured populations. Laboratory data indicated that serial culture of the foundation population (16 passages) resulted in more than a 30% loss in traits deemed beneficial for biological pest suppression i.e., virulence to an insect host (Diaprepes abbreviatus), reproductive capacity, heat tolerance (at 38 degreesC), and host-seeking ability. In contrast, the three inbred lines were impervious to decline in all beneficial traits. A greenhouse test targeting D. abbreviatus provided additional evidence that the biocontrol efficacy of the inbred lines remained stable during serial culture. Our results indicate that genetic factors played an important role in trait change, and creation of inbred lines may be a useful technique for maintaining beneficial traits. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, SAA, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Entomol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. USDA ARS, Beneficial Insect Intro Res Lab, Newark, DE 19731 USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, SAA, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM dshapiro@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD FEB PY 2005 VL 32 IS 2 BP 220 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2004.09.011 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 892PQ UT WOS:000226662900005 ER PT J AU Tipping, PW Center, TD AF Tipping, PW Center, TD TI Influence of plant size and species on preference of Cyrtobagous salviniae adults from two populations SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Cyrtobagous salviniae; Salvinia molesta; Salvinia minima; host preference; biological control ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; WEED SALVINIA; MOLESTA; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB Adults from two populations (Brazil and Florida) of Cyrtobagous salviniae were bioassayed to determine if they exhibited a preference for either Salvinia minima or Salvinia molesta. Adults did not discriminate between host species in initial tests that evaluated the tertiary growth form. Further tests which compared two growth forms (primary and tertiary) as well as plant species found that adults from the Brazil population consistently preferred larger (tertiary) plants without regard for host species. Weevils from the Florida population showed a similar. but less distinct. pattern of preference. Although adults from the Florida population survived equally well and experienced a similar pre-oviposition period on both plant species, they laid more eggs in S. molesta. Adults; from the two populations differ in size: Brazil weevils were larger, which may explain their sensitivity to plant size as compared with the smaller Florida adults. Narrower rhizomes in S. minima may restrict usage of this species by the larger weevils, whereas smaller larvae may be better able to burrow in a wider range of plant sizes. Both weevil populations should be suitable biological control agents for use in programs targeting S. molesta. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Tipping, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM ptipping@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD FEB PY 2005 VL 32 IS 2 BP 263 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2004.10.005 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 892PQ UT WOS:000226662900010 ER PT J AU Uthus, EO Davis, C AF Uthus, EO Davis, C TI Dietary arsenic affects dimethylhydrazine-induced aberrant crypt formation and hepatic global DNA methylation and DNA methyltransferase activity in rats SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE arsenic; cancer; animal model; dimethylhydrazine; aberrant crypt; methylation ID INDUCED MALIGNANT-TRANSFORMATION; ADENOSYL-L-METHIONINE; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; FOLATE-DEFICIENCY; BLADDER-CANCER; DRINKING-WATER; MESSENGER-RNA; ANIMAL-MODEL; FEMALE RATS; IN-VIVO AB Cell culture studies have suggested that arsenic exposure results in decreased S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), causing DNA hypomethylation. Previously, we have shown that hepatic SAM is decreased and/or S-adenosylhomocysteine increased in arsenic-deprived rats; these rats tended to have hypomethylated DNA. To determine the effect of dietary arsenic on dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced aberrant crypt formation in the colon, Fisher 344 weanling male rats were fed diets containing 0, 0.5, or 50 μ g As (as NaAsO2)/g. After 12 wk, dietary arsenic affected the number of aberrant crypts (p< 0.02) and aberrant crypt foci (p< 0.007) in the colon and the amount of global DNA methylation (p< 0.04) and activity of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) (p< 0.003) in the liver. In each case, there were more aberrant crypts and aberrant crypt foci, a relative DNA hypomethylation, and increased activity of DNMT in the rats fed 50 μ g As/g compared to those fed 0.5 μ g As/g. The same phenomenon, an increased number of aberrant crypts and aberrant crypt foci, DNA hypomethylation, and increased DNMT tended to hold when comparing rats fed the diet containing no supplemental arsenic compared to rats fed 0.5 μ g As/g. The data suggest that there is a threshold for As toxicity and that possibly too little dietary As could also be detrimental. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NCI, Div canc Prevent, Nutr Sci Res Dept, US DHHS,NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Uthus, EO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 44 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 103 IS 2 BP 133 EP 145 DI 10.1385/BTER:103:2:133 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 924EJ UT WOS:000228961300004 PM 15772437 ER PT J AU Moore, AD Israel, DW Mikkelsen, RL AF Moore, AD Israel, DW Mikkelsen, RL TI Nitrogen availability of anaerobic swine lagoon sludge: sludge source effects SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE swine lagoon sludge; nitrogen; N mineralization; aerobic incubation ID MINERALIZATION; TOXICITY; SOILS AB Increased numbers of swine producers will be removing sludge from their anaerobic waste treatment lagoons in the next few years. due to sludge exceeding designed storage capacity. Information on availability of nitrogen (N) in the sludge is needed to improve application recommendations for crops. The objective of this study was to investigate possible effects of different companies and types of swine operations on the availability of N in sludge from their associated lagoons. A laboratory incubation study was conducted to quantify the availability of N (i.e. initial inorganic N plus the potentially mineralizable organic N) in the sludge. Nine sludge sources from lagoons of sow, nursery and finishing operations of three different swine companies were mixed with a loamy sand soil (200 mg total Kjeldahl N kg(-1) soil) and incubated at a water content of 0.19 g. water g(-1) dry soil and 25 2 degreesC for 12 weeks. Samples were taken at eight times over the 12-week period and analyzed for inorganic N (i.e. NH4-N and NO3-N) to determine mineralization of organic N in the sludge. Company and type of swine operation had no significant effects (P < 0.05) on the pattern of inorganic N accumulation over time. Thus, inorganic N accumulation from all sludge sources was fit to a first order equation (N-t = N-i + N-o (1 - e(-kt))]. This relationship indicated that of the 200 mg of total sludge N added per kg soil, 23.5% was in the form of potentially mineralizable organic N (N.) and 17.5% was in the form of inorganic N (Ni). The sum of these two pools (41%) represents an estimate of the proportion of total N in the applied sludge in plant available form after the 12 week incubation. While plant N availability coefficients were not measured in this study, the lack of significant company or type of swine operation effects on sludge N mineralization suggests that use of the same plant N availability coefficient for sludge from different types of lagoons is justifiable. The validity of this interpretation depends on the assumption that variation in other components of different sludge sources such as Cu and Zn does not differentially alter N uptake by the receiver crops. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Israel, DW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Campus Box 7619, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM dan_israel@ncsu.edu RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 96 IS 3 BP 323 EP 329 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2004.04.013 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 876TR UT WOS:000225521100007 PM 15474933 ER PT J AU Kidd, MT McDaniel, CD Peebles, ED Barber, SJ Corzo, A Branton, SL Woodworth, JC AF Kidd, MT McDaniel, CD Peebles, ED Barber, SJ Corzo, A Branton, SL Woodworth, JC TI Breeder hen dietary L-carnitine affects progeny carcase traits SO BRITISH POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BROILER-CHICKENS; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; SUPPLEMENTATION; YIELD; FAT; BIOSYNTHESIS; METABOLISM; COMPONENTS; NUTRITION; PROTEIN AB 1. Ross 308 broiler breeder hens were given diets containing 0 or 25 mg L-carnitine/kg from 21 weeks of age. 2. Hens were inseminated with semen from Ross broiler breeder males and subsequent growth performance and carcase traits, of progeny obtained from hatches at 30, 35 and 37 weeks of age, were evaluated. 3. Progeny were hatched in a common facility and separated by gender. Experimental treatments employed for the 30-, 35- and 37-week hatches, respectively, were: hen diet and progeny gender (16 replications with two subplots); hen diet, progeny diet (0 and 50 mg L-carnitine/kg of diet) and progeny gender (16 replications with 4 subplots); and hen diet and progeny diet (high and low density; 16 replications with two subplots). 4. Females had lower growth rate and less breast meat, but greater proportions of carcase fat and breast meat than males. Growth performance measurements of progeny were not affected by hen L-carnitine, but hen L-carnitine decreased abdominal fat in progeny. Increasing diet density in the chick diets increased growth and carcase weights. Hen and progeny dietary L-carnitine interacted to increase male mortality. However, dietary hen L-carnitine decreased carcase fat and increased breast meat in progeny fed on high nutrient density diets. 5. In conclusion, L-carnitine in the diet of hens affected carcase traits of their progeny. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. ARS, USDA, Mississippi State, MS USA. Lonza Inc, Enterprise, KS USA. RP Kidd, MT (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Box 9665, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM mkidd@poultry.msstate.edu RI Wilkinson, Stuart/C-2802-2013 NR 27 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-1668 J9 BRIT POULTRY SCI JI Br. Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 46 IS 1 BP 97 EP 103 DI 10.1080/00071660400024027 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 910TM UT WOS:000227955100014 PM 15835258 ER PT J AU Major, JE Mosseler, A Johnsen, KH Rajora, OP Barsi, DC Kim, KH Park, JM Campbell, M AF Major, JE Mosseler, A Johnsen, KH Rajora, OP Barsi, DC Kim, KH Park, JM Campbell, M TI Reproductive barriers and hybridity in two spruces, Picea rubens and Picea mariana, sympatric in eastern North America SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE cone; seed and seedling traits; genetic variation; phenology; red and black spruce ID DEVELOPMENTALLY ADAPTIVE TRAITS; SEED-SOURCE VARIATION; RED SPRUCE; BLACK SPRUCE; DNA; MARKERS; DIFFERENTIATION; DECLINE; NUCLEAR AB Hybridization between red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP), late- and early-successional species, respectively, has resulted in identification and management problems. We investigated the nature and magnitude of reproductive and life-cycle success barriers in controlled intra- and inter-specific crosses of red and black spruce. We quantified a number of reproductive, germination, phenological, and performance traits, and examined traits by parental pedigree and hybrid index. Species' pollen had no effect on number of aborted or nonpollinated ovules. Controlled intraspecific crosses had, on average, 6.6 times more filled seeds than interspecific crosses. Cone and seed morphometric traits were species specific, with seed traits showing negative hybridization effects on both species. Germination, cotyledon number, and seedling height had significant species-specific traits, with hybrids showing an additive or slightly negative heterosis. Severe, negative heterosis appears to be of limited importance as an isolating barrier between red and black spruce. Reproductive phenology was remarkably similar among species and hybrid progenies when grown in common garden experiments. Crossability barriers are clearly paramount in maintaining the separation of the species. Ecological separation based on ecophysiological differences (e.g., shade tolerance) also represents an important prezygotic barrier for minimizing the negative effects of hybridization (e.g., postzygotic inviability) on reproductive fitness. C1 Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. Forest Serv, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Life Sci Ctr, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. Chonbuk Univ, Coll Agr, Fac Forest Sci, Chonju, South Korea. RP Major, JE (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, POB 4000, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. EM jmajor@nrcan.gc.ca NR 41 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 83 IS 2 BP 163 EP 175 DI 10.1139/B04-161 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 902EM UT WOS:000227336800003 ER PT J AU Johnson, GR Grotta, AT Gartner, BL Downes, G AF Johnson, GR Grotta, AT Gartner, BL Downes, G TI Impact of the foliar pathogen Swiss needle cast on wood quality of Douglas-fir SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PLANTATIONS; MICROFIBRIL; STIFFNESS; SEVERITY; DENSITY; ANGLE AB Many stands of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) near coastal areas of Oregon and Washington are heavily infected with the foliar pathogen causing Swiss needle cast (SNC) disease, and yet there is very little research on the resulting wood quality. Modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), microfibril angle (MFA), wood density, latewood proportion, and sapwood moisture content were examined in 20- to 28-year-old trees from 15 stands that were infected with varying intensities of SNC. SNC severity was quantified by measuring needle retention, the number of needle cohorts retained at three crown levels. Correlations between disease severity and wood properties were examined at both the stand and within-stand levels. Trees from heavily infected stands (needle retention < 2 years) had higher MOE, wood density, and latewood proportion and lower sapwood moisture content than trees from healthier stands. Breast-height age (BHage) was also correlated with these properties, but age alone did not explain all of the increases. MFA was not associated with SNC severity. Within stands, needle retention was not associated with MOE or MOR. The increase in latewood proportion in diseased stands appears to be the driving factor behind their increase in stiffness (MOE). Ring width decreased with decreased needle retention, and the examined wood properties generally showed stronger correlations with ring width than with needle retention. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. CSIRO Forestry & Forest Prod, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Johnson, GR (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM randyjohnson@fs.fed.us RI Downes, Geoffrey/C-5803-2011 OI Downes, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6502-7413 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 35 IS 2 BP 331 EP 339 DI 10.1139/x04-170 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 906AU UT WOS:000227613700011 ER PT J AU Sheridan, CD Spies, TA AF Sheridan, CD Spies, TA TI Vegetation-environment relationships in zero-order basins in coastal Oregon SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID RIPARIAN FORESTS; RANGE; USA; ASSEMBLAGES; MOUNTAINS; PATTERNS; DENSITY; STREAMS; AREAS AB Zero-order basins, where hillslope topography converges to form drainages, are common in steep, forested landscapes but we know little about their ecological structure. We used indirect gradient analysis to characterize gradients in plant species composition and cluster analysis to characterize groups of plant species associated with specific geomorphic areas. We sampled vegetation within 63 randomly selected zero-order basins in the southern Coast Range of Oregon and collected data on herb, shrub, and overstory tree cover, as well as environmental conditions. Zero-order basin overstories were similar in tree composition to both first-order riparian and upland plant assemblages, but were intermediate in tree density. Shrubs in zero-order basins included both species associated with dry upland conditions and species associated with riparian conditions. Results suggest that understory plant species composition in zero-order basins follows gradients in geomorphic and overstory conditions. Furthermore, it appears that zero-order basins have distinctive geomorphology and fluvial regimes. These distinctive features appear to support both plant species associated with riparian conditions and species associated with upland conditions. Zero-order basins represent the farthest upstream extension of riparian plant species into upland areas, increasing plant species diversity in steep, forested landscapes. C1 Bur Land Management, N Bend, OR 97459 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Sheridan, CD (reprint author), Bur Land Management, 1300 Airport Lane, N Bend, OR 97459 USA. EM chris_sheridan@or.blm.gov NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 35 IS 2 BP 340 EP 355 DI 10.1139/X04-165 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 906AU UT WOS:000227613700012 ER PT J AU Butler, BW Webb, BW Jimenez, D Reardon, JA Jones, JL AF Butler, BW Webb, BW Jimenez, D Reardon, JA Jones, JL TI Thermally induced bark swelling in four North American tree species SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE FIRES; RESISTANCE; MORTALITY; FOREST; MODEL; DRY AB Bark protects both the living phloem and the vascular cambium of trees. For some tree species the bark has been observed to swell in the radial direction when heated by nearby flames, possibly providing additional protection from thermal injury. In this study, detailed measurements of bark swelling (tumescence) are reported for four species: Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.), chestnut oak (Quercus prinus L.), and red maple (Acer rubrum L.). Tests were conducted on over 574 samples extracted from 44 separate trees. The results clearly show that bark swelling occurs in the mature bark of Douglas-fir and to a lesser degree in chestnut oak. Ponderosa pine and red maple did not exhibit statistically significant swelling, but rather a modest decrease in overall bark thickness with heating. Significant swelling in Douglas-fir bark began at approximately 125 degrees C and resulted in a 15%-80% increase in overall bark thickness. Swelling of chestnut oak was observed to begin at an average temperature of 225 degrees C and resulted in a 5%-10% increase in total bark thickness. The increase in bark thickness occurred primarily in the radial direction in mature bark. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Butler, BW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM bwbutler@fs.fed.us NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 35 IS 2 BP 452 EP 460 DI 10.1139/X04-194 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 906AU UT WOS:000227613700022 ER PT J AU Manies, KL Harden, JW Bond-Lamberty, BP O'Neill, KP AF Manies, KL Harden, JW Bond-Lamberty, BP O'Neill, KP TI Woody debris along an upland chronosequence in boreal Manitoba and its impact on long-term carbon storage SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NET ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTION; BLACK SPRUCE STANDS; OLD-GROWTH; FOREST; SOIL; FIRE; DECOMPOSITION; ACCUMULATION; NORTHERN; DIOXIDE AB This study investigated the role of fire-killed woody debris as a source of soil carbon in black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) stands in Manitoba, Canada. We measured the amount of standing dead and downed woody debris along an upland chronosequence, including wood partially and completely covered by moss growth. Such woody debris is rarely included in measurement protocols and composed up to 26% of the total amount of woody debris in older stands, suggesting that it is important to measure all types of woody debris in ecosystems where burial by organic matter is possible. Based on these data and existing net primary production (NPP) values, we used a mass-balance model to assess the potential impact of fire-killed wood on long-term carbon storage at this site. The amount of carbon stored in deeper soil organic layers, which persists over millennia, was used to represent this long-term carbon. We estimate that between 10% and 60% of the deep-soil carbon is derived from wood biomass. Sensitivity analyses suggest that this estimate is most affected by the fire return interval, decay rate of wood, amount of NPP, and decay rate of the char (postfire) carbon pool. Landscape variations in these terms could account for large differences in deep-soil carbon. The model was less sensitive to fire consumption rates and to rates at which standing dead becomes woody debris. All model runs, however, suggest that woody debris plays an important role in long-term carbon storage for this area. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Manies, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 962, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kmanies@usgs.gov RI Bond-Lamberty, Ben/C-6058-2008 OI Bond-Lamberty, Ben/0000-0001-9525-4633 NR 53 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 19 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 35 IS 2 BP 472 EP 482 DI 10.1139/X04-179 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 906AU UT WOS:000227613700024 ER PT J AU Mancosky, DG Lucia, LA Nanko, H Wirick, S Rudie, AW Braun, R AF Mancosky, DG Lucia, LA Nanko, H Wirick, S Rudie, AW Braun, R TI Novel visualization studies of lignocellulosic oxidation chemistry by application of C-near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE carboxylic acid functionalities; hydrogen peroxide bleached pulp; X-ray absorption spectroscopy ID IN-SITU ANALYSIS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; COAL AB The research presented herein is the first attempt to probe the chemical nature of lignocellulosic samples by the application of carbon near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (C-NEXAFS). C-NEXAFS is a soft X-ray technique that principally provides selective interrogation of discrete atomic moieties using photoelectrons of variable energies. The X1A beam line of the National Synchrotron Light Source was employed for the specific purpose of observing carboxylic acid moieties that display a signature absorption band centered at 289 eV. This study caps a larger effort to support the mechanistic basis for lignocellulosic fiber chemical degradation induced by the disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide during fiber bleaching trials. It is shown that, fibers that have been bleached with a hydrogen peroxide phase without removal of resident pendant metals (Mn, Cu, Fe) sustain significant macroscopic damage likely via classical Fenton-type radical reactions, as evidenced by a tensile reduction by over 30%. We present X-ray absorption spectra obtained using a scanning transmission X-ray microscope (STXM) at the end of a 2.5 GeV electron synchrotron that provided 1s --> pi* contrast-enhanced micrographs illustrating a random distribution of acid functionalities that were principally located on fiber surfaces. Control studies using non-bleached fibers demonstrated that very little signature carboxylic acid absorption patterns were present in the fibers, suggesting that these groups are an incriminating fingerprint for macroscopic fiber strength damage during non-radical suppressed bleaching trials. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Hydro Dynam, Rome, GA 30165 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Evans Phi Analyt, Eden Prairie, MN USA. RP Lucia, LA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 3108 Biltmore Hall,Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM lucian.lucia@ipst.gatech.edu NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD FEB PY 2005 VL 12 IS 1 BP 35 EP 41 DI 10.1023/B:CELL.0000049352.60007.76 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 897BY UT WOS:000226980200005 ER PT J AU Kjos, SA Jenkins, M Okhuysen, PC Chappelll, CL AF Kjos, SA Jenkins, M Okhuysen, PC Chappelll, CL TI Evaluation of recombinant oocyst protein CP41 for detection of Cryptosporzdium-specific antibodies SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SERUM IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; HEALTHY-ADULTS; PARVUM SPOROZOITES; MOLECULAR-CLONING; EXPRESSION; ANTIGEN; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; GENE; EPITOPES AB Cryptosporidium is an important cause of diarrhea in developed and developing countries, and its epidemiology is of interest. The methodologies used in the detection of Cryptosporidium-specific antibodies vary widely, which complicates comparison of results. This study assesses the performance of a Cryptosporidium recombinant protein (rCP41) in a serological assay compared to that of a crude antigen preparation. The 41-kDa protein from the oocyst wall was previously cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Sera from 192 healthy adults from the Texas Medical Center (Houston) were tested for anti-Cryptosporidium antibody reactivity using both crude and recombinant antigen preparations in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunoglobulin G reactivity was highly concordant (88%; P < 0.0001) between the two antigen preparations, with 110 positive (57%) and 59 negative (31%) by both tests. Regression analysis revealed a high correlation between the absorbance values generated with both antigen preparations and suggests that the rCP41 may be used in place of crude antigen. These results indicate that the use of the recombinant CP41 antigen in a standardized serodiagnostic assay could provide a reliable and cost-effective method for assessing human exposure to Cryptosporidium. C1 Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Infect Dis, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Sch Med, Houston, TX USA. USDA, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chappelll, CL (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Infect Dis, 1200 Herman Pressler Dr,Ste 118A, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM Cnthia.L.Chappell@uth.tmc.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR002558, M01-RR-02558] NR 33 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 12 IS 2 BP 268 EP 272 DI 10.1128/CDLI.12.2.268-272.2005 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 955AG UT WOS:000231196400006 PM 15699421 ER PT J AU Anderson, J Fleming, SD Rehrig, S Tsokos, GC Basta, M Shea-Donohue, T AF Anderson, J Fleming, SD Rehrig, S Tsokos, GC Basta, M Shea-Donohue, T TI Intravenous immunoglobulin attenuates mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion injury SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE complement; IVIG; ischemia-reperfusion; neutrophil; inflammation; rat ID INTESTINAL ISCHEMIA; ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION INJURY; CAPILLARY LEAK; COMPLEMENT; RAT; INFLAMMATION; MODULATION; FRAGMENTS; DAMAGE AB Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been found useful in the treatment of various clinical entities and its effect has been associated with inhibition of complement-mediated tissue damage. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of IVIG to protect against mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced local and remote injury. Rats received vehicle or IVIG (150-600 mg/kg) 5 min prior to sham operation or 30 min of superior mesenteric artery occlusion, followed by 5, 120, or 240 min of reperfusion. IVIG reduced IR-induced mucosal injury without altering IR-induced increases in PMN infiltration or LTB4 generation. At 5 min post IR, the deposition of IgG and C3 in the lamina propria and surface epithelial cells was attenuated by IVIG. The increased capillary leak, evident at 240 min, was inhibited by IVIG and coincided with a reduction in C3 deposition in lung tissue. The beneficial effects of IVIG may be related to the ability to scavenge deleterious products. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Mucosal Biol Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIAID, Clin Invest Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Cellular Injury, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. MD Inst Res, Dept Surg, Walter Reed Army Forest Glen, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Shea-Donohue, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Mucosal Biol Res Ctr, 20 Penn St,HSF 2,Room 349, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM tdonohue@medicine.umaryland.edu OI rehrig, scott/0000-0002-1287-9708; Basta, Milan/0000-0001-5958-9241 NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1521-6616 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL JI Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 114 IS 2 BP 137 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.clim.2004.08.018 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 889KA UT WOS:000226440700006 PM 15639647 ER PT J AU Barone, JR Schmidt, WF AF Barone, JR Schmidt, WF TI Polyethylene reinforced with keratin fibers obtained from chicken feathers SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fibers; polymer-matrix composites; short-fiber composites; mechanical properties; microstructure ID TEMPERATURE THERMOPLASTIC POLYMERS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES; YOUNGS-MODULUS; MORPHOLOGY; WOODFLOUR; FRACTURE; FILLERS; PULP AB Polyethylene-based composites were prepared using keratin fibers obtained from chicken feathers. Fibers of similar diameter but varying aspect ratio were mixed into low-density polyethylene (LDPE) using a Brabender mixing head. From uniaxial tensile testing, an elastic modulus and yield stress increase of the composite over the virgin polymer was observed over a wide range of fiber loading. Scanning electron microscopy revealed some interaction between the polymer and keratin feather fiber. In addition, the keratin fiber had a density lower than the LDPE used in this study resulting in composite materials of reduced density. The results obtained from mechanical testing are compared to theoretical predictions based on a simple composite material micromechanical model. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, ANRI, EQL, BARC West, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Barone, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, ANRI, EQL, BARC West, Bldg 012,Rm 1-3,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM baronej@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 90 Z9 93 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 65 IS 2 BP 173 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.06.011 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 877BB UT WOS:000225541700002 ER PT J AU Williams, CL Fedynich, AM Pence, DB Rhodes, OE AF Williams, CL Fedynich, AM Pence, DB Rhodes, OE TI Evaluation of allozyme and microsatellite variation in Texas and Florida Mottled Ducks SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE allozyme; Anas fulvigula; microsatellite; Mottled Duck ID GENETIC-STRUCTURE; ATLANTIC SALMON; DNA MARKERS; POPULATIONS; LOCI; DIFFERENTIATION; POLYMORPHISM; SELECTION; CONSERVATION; PERSPECTIVE AB Genetic variation was evaluated in Florida Mottled Ducks (Anas fulvigula), and Mottled Ducks from the larger Texas population using 22 allozyme and 5 microsatellite loci. Both marker types revealed differences in allele frequencies between populations and each population possessed rare and unique alleles. Overall allelic distributions were significantly different between the two populations, primarily due to significant differences at three allozyme and four microsatellite loci. Significant genetic differentiation was revealed between populations with both marker types, however, over all loci, only 5-6% of the variation detected was partitioned between populations. The Florida population possessed lower levels of allozyme heterozygosity and allelic diversity than the Texas population. In contrast, microsatellite heterozygosities and allelic diversity were similar between populations. These data indicate that there is limited gene flow between populations, suggesting that populations should continue to be managed separately. C1 USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. RP Williams, CL (reprint author), USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 La Porte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM christen.l.williams@aphis.usda.gov NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2005 VL 107 IS 1 BP 155 EP 161 DI 10.1650/7566 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 896UV UT WOS:000226960300018 ER PT J AU Roberts, DP Lohrke, SM Meyer, SLF Buyer, JS Bowers, JH Baker, CJ Li, W de Souza, JT Lewis, JA Chung, S AF Roberts, DP Lohrke, SM Meyer, SLF Buyer, JS Bowers, JH Baker, CJ Li, W de Souza, JT Lewis, JA Chung, S TI Biocontrol agents applied individually and in combination for suppression of soilborne diseases of cucumber SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE biological control; combinations; Meloidogyne incognita; Pythium ultimum; Rhizoctonia solani; Serratia marcescens; Trichoderma virens ID PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BURKHOLDERIA-CEPACIA; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONAS; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS; DAMPING-OFF; NONPATHOGENIC FUSARIUM; GRANULAR FORMULATION AB The soilborne pathogens Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium ultimum, and Meloidogyne incognita can cause severe economic losses to field- and greenhouse-grown cucumber. A collection of bacterial isolates and isolates GL3 and GL21 of Trichoderma virens were screened for suppression of diseases caused by these pathogens. T. virens isolates GL3 and GL21 provided the most effective suppression of damping-off caused by R. solani in greenhouse bioassays. Burkholderia ambifaria BC-F, B. cepacia BC-1, and Serratia rnarcescens N1-14 also provided significant suppression of R. solani relative to the pathogen check in some experiments. T. virens isolates GL3 and GL21 and S. marcescens isolates N1-6, N1-14, and N2-4 provided the most consistent and effective suppression of damping-off of cucumber caused by P. ultimum in growth chamber experiments. No microbial treatment containing individual or combined microbes significantly suppressed populations of M. incognita on cucumber or improved plant vigor in greenhouse bioassays. T. virens GL21 applied as a granular formulation, in combination with B. cepacia BC-1 or B. ambifaria BC-F applied as a seed treatment. significantly improved suppression of damping-off caused by R. solani over individual applications of these microbes in at least one experiment. Treatments combining B. cepacia BC-1, B. ambifaria BC-F, or S. marcescens isolates N1-14 or N2-4 with T. sirens GL21 in R. solani biocontrol assays always resulted in plant stands that were similar or greater than treatments containing individual applications of these microbes. B. ambifaria BC-F combined with T. virens GL21 in seed treatments resulted in significantly improved suppression of damping-off caused by P. ultimum in two of three experiments. Populations of T. virens GL3 and GL21 were both substantially reduced after coincubation with B. cepacia BC-1, or S. rnarcescens isolates N1-14 or N2-4 for 10 to 12 d in cucumber rhizospheres. Populations of T. virens GL21 were slightly reduced after coincubation with B. ambifaria BC-F. Results presented here substantiate other studies reporting enhanced biocontrol performance with certain combinations of biocontrol agents. These results also indicate that antagonism among combinations of biocontrol agents can vary with the assay system employed. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Hubei Univ, Fac Life Sci, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R China. Univ Maryland, Wye Res & Educ Ctr, Queenstown, MD 21658 USA. MEGA Biotech Co Ltd, Taegu, South Korea. RP Roberts, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Room 140,Bldg 001,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM robertsd@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Buyer, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2098-0547 NR 57 TC 64 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 24 IS 2 BP 141 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2004.07.004 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 886YX UT WOS:000226270300007 ER PT J AU Jones, GA Sieving, KE Avery, ML Meagher, RL AF Jones, GA Sieving, KE Avery, ML Meagher, RL TI Parasitized and non-parasitized prey selectivity by an insectivorous bird SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE biological control; avian prey selectivity; insectivorous birds ID RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS; EUPLECTRUS-PLATHYPENAE HYMENOPTERA; POPULATIONS; PREDATION; EULOPHIDAE; BEHAVIOR; CORN AB The identification and conservation of naturally occurring enemies of crop pests is an important means of improving biological control in cropping systems. One particularly important potential mechanism whereby birds might stabilize and improve pest control is consumption of individual prey that escape mortality from other agents of biological control. We tested the hypothesis that birds prefer to forage upon non-parasitized fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith) prey via captive feeding trials, where birds were also offered armyworms parasitized by Euplectrus plathypenae (Howard) larvae. While birds were equally willing to eat both parasitized and non-parasitized armyworm prey of the same body size, they strongly preferred larger non-parasitized prey. This preference continued even as this prey item became less numerous than smaller parasitized worms during feeding trials. Our results suggest that birds may contribute to the biological control of arthropod pests that escape control, become larger in body size and, subsequently, a favored prey item.,(C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Florida Field Stn, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Jones, GA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, 110 Newins Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM greg.a.jones@sfcc.edu OI Sieving, Kathryn/0000-0002-0849-8101 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 24 IS 2 BP 185 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2004.07.002 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 886YX UT WOS:000226270300011 ER PT J AU Friso, S Choi, SW AF Friso, S Choi, SW TI Gene-nutrient interactions in one-carbon metabolism SO CURRENT DRUG METABOLISM LA English DT Review DE gene-nutrient interaction; one-carbon metabolism; DNA methylation; epigenetics; MTHFR; 677C > T; 1298A > C; folate; B vitamins ID METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE GENE; SYNTHASE D919G POLYMORPHISM; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE LEVELS; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; CYSTATHIONINE BETA-SYNTHASE; MODERATE FOLATE-DEPLETION; HUMAN METHIONINE SYNTHASE; MTHFR C677T POLYMORPHISM; GENOMIC DNA METHYLATION; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE AB Advances in molecular biology greatly contributed, in the past decades, to a deeper understanding of the role of gene function in disease development. Environmental as well as nutritional factors are now well acknowledged to interact with the individual genetic background for the development of several diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. The precise mechanisms of such gene-nutrient interactions, however, are not fully elucidated yet. Many micronutrients and vitamins are crucial in regulating mechanisms of DNA metabolism. Indeed, folate has been most extensively investigated for its unique function as mediator for the transfer of one-carbon moieties for nucleotide synthesis/repair and biological methylation. Cell culture, animal, and human studies, clearly demonstrated that folate deficiency induces disruption of DNA synthesis/repair pathways as well as DNA methylation anomalies. Remarkably, a gene-nutrient interaction between folate status and a polymorphism in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene has been reported to modulate genomic DNA methylation. This observation suggests that the interaction between a nutritional status and a mutant genotype may modulate gene expression through DNA methylation, especially when such polymorphism affects a key enzyme in one-carbon metabolism and limits the methyl supply. DNA methylation, both genome-wide and gene-specific, is of particular interest for the study of aging, cancer, and other pathologic conditions, because it affects gene expression without permanent alterations in the DNA sequence such as mutations or allele deletions. Understanding the patterns of DNA methylation through the interaction with nutrients is a critical issue, not only to provide pathophysiological explanations of a disease state, but also to identify individuals at-risk to conduct targeted diet-based interventions. C1 Univ Verona, Sch Med, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Policlin Giambattista Rossai, I-37134 Verona, Italy. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Friso, S (reprint author), Univ Verona, Sch Med, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Policlin Giambattista Rossai, P LA Scuro,10, I-37134 Verona, Italy. EM simonetta.friso@univr.it FU NCI NIH HHS [R03 CA96004-02] NR 114 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 3 U2 22 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1389-2002 J9 CURR DRUG METAB JI Curr. Drug Metab. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 6 IS 1 BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.2174/1389200052997339 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 896UK UT WOS:000226959100006 PM 15720206 ER PT J AU Chen, JC Civerolo, EL Jarret, RL Van Sluys, MA de Oliveira, MC AF Chen, JC Civerolo, EL Jarret, RL Van Sluys, MA de Oliveira, MC TI Genetic discovery in Xylella fastidiosa through sequence analysis of selected randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CITRUS VARIEGATED CHLOROSIS; PIERCES-DISEASE STRAINS; PATHOGEN; PATHOTYPES; DIVERSITY; ELEMENTS; PLASMID AB Xylella fastidiosa causes many important plant diseases including Pierce's disease (PD) in grape and almond leaf scorch disease (ALSD). DNA-based methodologies, such as randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, have been playing key roles in genetic information collection of the bacterium. This study further analyzed the nucleotide sequences of selected RAPDs from X. fastidiosa strains in conjunction with the available genome sequence databases and unveiled several previously unknown novel genetic traits. These include a sequence highly similar to those in the phage family of Podoviridae. Genome comparisons among X. fastidiosa strains suggested that the "phage" is currently active. Two other RAPDs were also related to horizontal gene transfer: one was part of a broadly distributed cryptic plasmid and the other was associated with conjugal transfer. One RAPD inferred a genomic rearrangement event among X. fastidiosa PD strains and another identified a single nucleotide polymorphism of evolutionary value. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, BR-05422970 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. RP Chen, JC (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM jichen@fresno.ars.usda.gov RI Oliveira, Mariana /G-2512-2012; Van Sluys, Marie-Anne/A-8483-2012; IB/USP, Botanica/Q-7627-2016 OI Oliveira, Mariana /0000-0001-8495-2962; Van Sluys, Marie-Anne/0000-0002-6506-2734; IB/USP, Botanica/0000-0002-4192-3747 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 50 IS 2 BP 78 EP 83 DI 10.1007/s00284-004-4412-6 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 902PC UT WOS:000227368000003 PM 15723179 ER PT J AU Lichtenstein, AH AF Lichtenstein, AH TI Nutrients and cardiovascular disease: no easy answers SO CURRENT OPINION IN LIPIDOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; BETA-CAROTENE SUPPLEMENTS; VITAMIN-E CONSUMPTION; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS; CORONARY-DISEASE; HEART-DISEASE; PREVENTION C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, JM USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, JM USDA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM alice.lichtenstein@tufts.edu NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0957-9672 J9 CURR OPIN LIPIDOL JI Curr. Opin. Lipidology PD FEB PY 2005 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1097/00041433-200502000-00002 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 894WT UT WOS:000226823000001 PM 15650556 ER PT J AU Chuck, G Hake, S AF Chuck, G Hake, S TI Regulation of developmental transitions SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID FLORAL MERISTEM IDENTITY; ZINC-FINGER PROTEIN; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; FLOWERING TIME; NUCLEAR EXPORT; PHASE-CHANGE; INFLORESCENCE ARCHITECTURE; VEGETATIVE PHASE; FRIZZY-PANICLE; GENE AB Plants undergo a series of profound developmental changes throughout their lifetimes in response to both external environmental factors and internal intrinsic ones. When these changes are abrupt and dramatic, the process is referred to as phase change. Recently, several genes have been discovered that play a role in these developmental transitions. Their sequence and expression patterns shed new light on the mechanisms of phase change, and provide a link between the external and internal factors that control them. Examples of these transitions include changes from juvenile to adult leaf formation, vegetative to inflorescence meristem development, and inflorescence to floral meristem initiation. C1 USDA, ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Chuck, G (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM gchuck@nature.berkeley.edu NR 40 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 8 IS 1 BP 67 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.pbi.2004.11.002 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 894CW UT WOS:000226768800011 PM 15653402 ER PT J AU Small, BC Peterson, BC AF Small, BC Peterson, BC TI Establishment of a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for measuring plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in fish: effect of fasting on plasma concentrations and tissue mRNA expression of IGF-I and growth hormone (GH) in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IGF-I; GH; fluoroimmunoassay; fasting; channel catfish ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; BREAM SPARUS-AURATA; RAINBOW-TROUT; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; ENVIRONMENTAL SALINITY; RATION SIZE; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; BINDING; MYKISS; ASSAY AB A time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA) was established and validated that allows for the determination of plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in three domestically cultured fishes: channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Sensitivity of the assay was 0.20 ng/ml. Intra-and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CV) were <7 and <12%, respectively. Serial dilutions of plasma from each species were parallel to the standard curve. Recovery of IGF-1 from spiked plasma samples was >90% for all three species of fishes. The IGF-1 TR-FIA was biologically validated via its use to determine the effect of fasting on circulating IGF-1 levels in channel catfish. Fasting-induced changes in plasma growth hormone (GH), hepatic lGF-1 mRNA expression, and pituitary GH mRNA expression were also determined. Fasted channel catfish lost 5.6 and 15.6% body mass after 2 and 4 weeks of fasting, respectively. Plasma IGF-1 concentrations were depressed (P < 0.05) relative to fed controls following 2 and 4 weeks of fasting. Plasma GH concentrations were not different (P > 0.05) in fasted fish after 2 weeks, but significantly increased (P < 0.05) by 4 weeks of fasting. Hepatic lGF-1 mRNA expression after 2 and 4 weeks of fasting was reduced (P < 0.05) relative to fed controls. Pituitary GH mRNA expression was similar (P > 0.05) between 2-week-fasted catfish and fed controls, but was increased (P < 0.05) in 4-week-fasted catfish. The IGF-1 TR-FIA was sensitive, accurate, and precise for all three species of fishes, and provided a low-cost, and non-radioisotopic method for quantifying plasma IGF-I levels in fed and fasted channel catfish. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Small, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bsmall@ars.usda.gov RI Small, Brian/I-3762-2012 NR 43 TC 48 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 28 IS 2 BP 202 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2004.09.002 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 905AI UT WOS:000227539400007 PM 15713367 ER PT J AU Erpul, G Gabriels, D Norton, LD AF Erpul, G Gabriels, D Norton, LD TI Sand detachment by wind-driven raindrops SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Runoff and Soil Erosion Patterns CY OCT, 2002 CL Leibniz Ctr Agr Landscape & Land Use Res, Muncheberg, GERMANY HO Leibniz Ctr Agr Landscape & Land Use Res DE sand detachment; wind-driven raindrops; impact energy; impact angle ID SIMULATED RAINFALL; SOIL DETACHMENT; EROSION; SURFACES; SPLASH; TUNNEL; IMPACT AB Wind movement and velocity can have a profound effect on some aspects of the soil erosion process. In the case of wind-driven rain, differences in raindrop trajectory are expected: wind-driven raindrops achieve some degree of horizontal velocity, which increases their resultant impact velocity and they strike the soil surface at an angle deviated from the vertical under the effects of both gravitational and drag forces. However, not much is known about the physical impact of raindrops on a soil in situations where this impact is at an angle, and it is also not precise known if oblique raindrops have stronger erosive effects than vertical ones. A series of tests was conducted to assess the effect of wind velocities on sand detachment from splash cups in a wind tunnel facility equipped with a rainfall simulator. Splash cups packed with standard sand were exposed to windless rains and to rains driven by horizontal wind velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m s(-1) to evaluate the sand detachment by wind-driven raindrops. The average angle of rain inclination from vertical was calculated from the direct intensity measurements implemented with windward and leeward-facing raingauges placed at different slopes. A kinetic energy sensor measured energy of windless and wind-driven rains. Results showed that the kinetic energy flux calculated by the resultant impact velocity of drops adequately described the sand detachment from the splash cups by wind-driven raindrops. However, an additional analysis of Pearson correlation coefficients using the velocity components rather than the resultant velocity of wind-driven raindrops indicated that the energy flux related to the horizontal component of wind-driven raindrops had a greater correlation with sand detachment than that related to the normal component. This finding contradicted the general assumption that the component of velocity normal to the surface is related to the detachment. Copyright (C) 2005 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Ankara Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fac Agr, TR-06110 Ankara, Turkey. State Univ Ghent, Dept Soil Management & Soil Care, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Purdue Univ, USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Erpul, G (reprint author), Ankara Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fac Agr, TR-06110 Ankara, Turkey. EM erpul@agri.ankara.edu.tr RI Verbist, Koen/B-3029-2009 NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 30 IS 2 BP 241 EP 250 DI 10.1002/esp.1178 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 903IW UT WOS:000227420400009 ER PT J AU Gedalof, Z Peterson, DL Mantua, NJ AF Gedalof, Z Peterson, DL Mantua, NJ TI Atmospheric, climatic, and ecological controls on extreme wildfire years in the northwestern United States SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE climatic variability; empirical orthogonal function analysis; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; Pacific Northwest; top-down controls; wildfire ID FIRE HISTORY; FOREST-FIRES; CIRCULATION ANOMALIES; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; WILDLAND FIRE; PACIFIC; ENSO; MOUNTAINS; REGIME; VARIABILITY AB Wildland fire is an important disturbance agent in forests of the American Northwest. Historical fire suppression efforts have contributed to an accumulation of fuels in many Northwestern forests and may result in more frequent and/or more severe wildfire events. Here we investigate the extent to which Atmospheric and climatic variability may contribute to variability in annual area burned on 20 National Forests in. Washington,,Oregon, and Idaho. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis was used to identify coherent patterns in area burned by wildfire in the Pacific Northwest. Anomaly fields of 500-hPa height were regressed onto the resulting principal-component time series.,to identify the patterns in atmospheric circulation that are associated with variability in area burned by wildfire. Additionally, cross-correlation functions were calculated for the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) over the year preceding the wildfire season. Parallel analyses based on superposed epoch analysis focused only on the extreme fire years (both large and small) to discriminate the controls on extreme years from the linear responses identified in the regression analyses. Four distinct patterns in area burned were identified, each associated,with distinct-climatic processes. Extreme wildfire years are forced at least in part by antecedent drought and summertime blocking,in the 500-hPa height field. However the response to these forcing's is modulated by the ecology of the dominant forest. In more mesic forest types. antecedent, drought is a necessary precondition for forests to burn, but it is not a good predictor of area burned due to the rarity of subsequent ignition. At especially dry locations, summertime blocking events can lead to increases in area burned even in the absence of antecedent drought. At particularly xeric locations summertime cyclones can also lead to increased area burned, probably due to dry lightning storms that bring ignition and strong winds but little precipitation.. These results suggest that fuels treatments alone may not be effective at reducing area burned under extreme climatic conditions and furthermore that anthropogenic climate change may have important implications for forest management. C1 Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Climate Impacts Grp, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Fire & Environm Res Applicat Team, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Gedalof, Z (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Geog, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM zgedalof@uoguelph.ca RI Dolk, Shaun/B-5656-2012 NR 54 TC 113 Z9 115 U1 4 U2 47 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 154 EP 174 DI 10.1890/03-5116 PG 21 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 899BU UT WOS:000227120700013 ER PT J AU Lind, AJ Welsh, HH Tallmon, DA AF Lind, AJ Welsh, HH Tallmon, DA TI Garter snake population dynamics from a 16-year study: Considerations for ecological monitoring SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE capture probability; long-term study; northwestern California; USA; Pacific coast aquatic garter snake; population size; Program MARK; sampling effort; survival rate; Thamnophis atratus ID THAMNOPHIS-ELEGANS; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; NERODIA-SIPEDON; SIZE; SURVIVORSHIP; SURVIVAL AB Snakes have recently been proposed as model organisms for addressing both evolutionary and ecological questions. Because of their middle position in many food webs they may be useful indicators of trophic complexity and dynamics. However, reliable data on snake populations are rare due to the challenges of sampling these patchily distributed, cryptic, and,often nocturnal species and also due to their underrepresentation in the ecological literature. Studying a diurnally active stream-associated population of garter snakes has allowed us to avoid some of these problems so that we could focus on issues of sampling design and its influence on resulting demographic models and estimates. From 1986 to 2001, we gathered data on a population of the Pacific coast aquatic garter snake (Thamnophis atratus) in northwestern California by conducting 3-5 surveys of the population annually. We derived estimates for sex-specific survival rates and time-dependent capture probabilities using population analysis software and examined the relationship between our calculated capture probabilities and variability in sampling effort. We also developed population size and density estimates, and compared these estimates to simple count data (often used for wildlife population monitoring). Over the 16-yr period of our study, we marked 1730 snakes and had annual recapture rates ranging from 13% to 32%. The best approximating demographic model for our data demonstrated higher survival rates for females than males and showed low and annually variable capture probabilities for both. Annual population size estimates (converted to linear densities), ranged from 58 to 131 snakes/km. Mean annual field counts typically accounted for only 5-10% of the total population size estimated using capture-recapture models. We found no evidence for a changing population size throughout the study. We found a positive relationship between sampling effort and capture probabilities. We evaluate survey design options that would help us approach recommended levels of capture probabilities and thus increase the precision of our estimates, allowing derivation of more complex demographic models. Our results should be,useful in the development of monitoring programs for snakes and other secretive wildlife species and provide target demographic rate values for restoration of related at-risk snake species. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Lind, AJ (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 2121 2nd St,Suite A-101, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM alind@fs.fed.us NR 36 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 23 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 294 EP 303 DI 10.1890/03-5322 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 899BU UT WOS:000227120700023 ER PT J AU St Pierre, MJ Hendrix, SD Lewis, CK AF St Pierre, MJ Hendrix, SD Lewis, CK TI Dispersal ability and host-plant characteristics influence spatial population structure of monophagous beetles SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chrysomelidae; Coleoptera; colonisation; dispersal; extinction; habitat fragmentation; mark-recapture; metapopulation; population structure ID METAPOPULATION STRUCTURE; CHRYSOCHUS-AURATUS; HESPERIA-COMMA; EVOLUTION; EXTINCTION; COLEOPTERA; PATTERNS; DISTANCE; PRAIRIE; PATCHES AB 1. Dispersal plays an integral role in determining spatial population structure and, consequently, the long-term survival of many species. Theoretical studies indicate that dispersal increases with population density and decreasing habitat stability. In the case of monophagous insect herbivores, the stability of host-plant populations may influence their spatial population structure. 2. The tallgrass prairie in Iowa, U.S.A. is highly fragmented and most prairie insects face a landscape with fewer habitat patches and smaller host-plant populations than 150 years ago, potentially making dispersal between patches difficult. Some herbivores, however, use native plant species with weedy characteristics that have increased in abundance because of disturbances. 3. Mark-recapture data and presence-absence surveys were used to examine dispersal and spatial population structure of two monophagous beetles with host plants that exhibit different population stability and have responded differently to fragmentation of tallgrass prairie. 4. Chrysochus auratus Fabricius exhibits a patchy population structure and has relatively large dispersal distances and frequencies. Its host plant is variable locally in time and space, but is more abundant than 150 years ago. The other species, Anomoea laticlavia Forster, exhibits a metapopulation or non-equilibrium population structure and has relatively small dispersal distances and frequencies. Its host-plant populations are stable in time and space. 5. The results indicate that dispersal ability of monophagous beetles reflects the life-history dynamics of their host plants, but the spatial population structure exhibited today is strongly influenced by how the host plants have responded to the fragmentation process over both time and space. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Sci Biol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP St Pierre, MJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Chequamegon Nicolet Natl Forest, 68 S Stevens St, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM mstpierre@fs.fed.us NR 56 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0307-6946 EI 1365-2311 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 30 IS 1 BP 105 EP 115 DI 10.1111/j.0307-6946.2005.00659.x PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 896GI UT WOS:000226922200013 ER PT J AU Hooper, DU Chapin, FS Ewel, JJ Hector, A Inchausti, P Lavorel, S Lawton, JH Lodge, DM Loreau, M Naeem, S Schmid, B Setala, H Symstad, AJ Vandermeer, J Wardle, DA AF Hooper, DU Chapin, FS Ewel, JJ Hector, A Inchausti, P Lavorel, S Lawton, JH Lodge, DM Loreau, M Naeem, S Schmid, B Setala, H Symstad, AJ Vandermeer, J Wardle, DA TI Effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning: A consensus of current knowledge SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE biodiversity; complementary resource use; ecosystem goods and services; ecosystem processes; ecosystem properties; functional characteristics; functional diversity; net primary production; sampling effect; species extinction; species invasions; species richness; stability ID EXPERIMENTAL PLANT-COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY-PRODUCTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS; BELOW-GROUND BIODIVERSITY; FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; EXPERIMENTAL GRASSLAND COMMUNITIES; MEDITERRANEAN ANNUAL COMMUNITIES; RELATING SPECIES-DIVERSITY; BIOCONTROL BEATS RABBITS; ELEVATED CO2; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS AB Humans are altering the composition of biological communities through a variety of activities that increase rates of species invasions and species extinctions, at all scales, from local to global. These changes in components of the Earth's biodiversity cause concern for ethical and aesthetic reasons, but they also have a strong potential to alter ecosystem properties and the goods and services they provide to humanity. Ecological experiments, observations, and theoretical developments show that ecosystem properties depend greatly on biodiversity in terms of the functional characteristics of organisms present in the ecosystem and the distribution and abundance of those organisms over space and time. Species effects act in concert with the effects of climate, resource availability, and disturbance regimes in influencing ecosystem properties. Human activities can modify all of the above factors; here we focus on modification of these biotic controls. The scientific community has come to a broad consensus on many aspects of the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, including many points relevant to management of ecosystems. Further progress will require integration of knowledge about biotic and abiotic controls on ecosystem properties, how ecological communities are structured, and the forces driving species extinctions and invasions. To strengthen links to policy and management, we also need to integrate our ecological knowledge with understanding of the social and economic constraints of potential management practices. Understanding this complexity, while taking strong steps to minimize current losses of species, is necessary for responsible management of Earth's ecosystems and the diverse biota they contain. Based on our review of the scientific literature, we are certain of the following conclusions: 1)Species' functional characteristics strongly influence ecosystem properties. Functional characteristics operate in a variety of contexts, including effects of dominant species, keystone species', ecological engineers, and interactions among species (e.g., competition, facilitation, mutualism, disease, and predation). Relative abundance alone is not always a good predictor of the ecosystem-level importance of a species, as even relatively rare species (e.g., a keystone predator) can strongly influence pathways of energy and material flows. 2) Alteration of biota in ecosystems via species invasions and extinctions caused by human activities has altered ecosystem goods and services in many well-documented cases. Many of these changes are difficult, expensive, or impossible to reverse or fix with technological solutions. 3) The effects of species loss or changes in composition, and the mechanisms by which the effects manifest themselves, can differ among ecosystem properties, ecosystem types, and pathways of potential community change. 4) Some ecosystem properties are initially insensitive to species loss because (a) ecosystems may have multiple species that carry out similar functional roles, (b) some species may contribute relatively little to ecosystem properties, or (c) properties may be primarily controlled by abiotic environmental conditions. 5) More species are needed to insure a stable supply of ecosystem goods and services as spatial and temporal variability increases, which typically occurs as longer time periods and larger areas are considered. We have high confidence in the following conclusions: 1) Certain combinations of species are complementary in their patterns of resource use and can increase average rates of productivity and nutrient retention. At the same time, environmental conditions can influence the importance of complementarity in structuring communities. Identification of which and how many species act in a complementary way in complex communities is just beginning. 2) Susceptibility to invasion by exotic species is strongly influenced by species composition and, under similar environmental conditions, generally decreases with increasing species richness. However, several other factors, such as propagule pressure, disturbance regime, and resource availability also strongly influence invasion success and often override effects of species richness in comparisons across different sites or ecosystems. 3) Having a range of species that respond differently to different environmental perturbations can stabilize ecosystem process rates in response to disturbances and variation in abiotic conditions. Using practices that maintain a diversity of organisms of different functional effect and functional response types will help preserve a range of management options. Uncertainties remain and further research is necessary in the following areas: 1) Further resolution of the relationships among taxonomic diversity, functional diversity, and community structure is important for identifying mechanisms of biodiversity effects. 2) Multiple trophic levels are common to ecosystems but have been understudied in biodiversity/ecosystem functioning research. The response of ecosystem properties to varying composition and diversity of consumer organisms is much more complex than responses seen in experiments that vary only the diversity of primary producers. 3) Theoretical work on stability has outpaced experimental, work, especially field research. We need long-term experiments to be able to assess temporal stability, as well as experimental perturbations to assess response to and recovery from a variety of disturbances. Design and analysis of such experiments must account for several factors that covary with species diversity. 4) Because biodiversity both responds to and influences ecosystem properties, understanding the feedbacks involved is necessary to integrate results from experimental communities with patterns seen at broader scales. Likely patterns of extinction and invasion need to be linked to different drivers of global change, the forces that structure communities, and controls on ecosystem properties for the development of effective management and conservation strategies. 5) This paper focuses primarily on terrestrial systems, with some coverage of freshwater systems, because that is where most empirical and theoretical study has focused. While the fundamental principles described here should apply to marine systems, further study of that realm is necessary. Despite some uncertainties about the mechanisms and circumstances under which diversity influences ecosystem properties, incorporating diversity effects into policy and management is essential, especially in making decisions involving large temporal and spatial scales. Sacrificing those aspects of ecosystems that are difficult or impossible to reconstruct, such as diversity, simply because we are not yet certain about the extent and mechanisms by which they affect ecosystem properties, will restrict future management options even further. It is incumbent upon ecologists to communicate this need, and the values that can derive from such a perspective, to those charged with economic and policy decision-making. C1 Western Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Univ Zurich, Inst Environm Sci, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. CNRS, CEBC, F-79360 Beauvoir Sur Niort, France. Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Lab Ecol Alpine, UMR 5553, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. Natl Environm Res Council, Swindon SN2 1EU, Wilts, England. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Sci Biol, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ecole Normale Super, Ecol Lab, UMR 7625, F-75230 Paris 05, France. Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, FIN-15140 Lahti, Finland. US Geol Survey, Mt Rushmore Natl Mem, Keystone, SD 57751 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Landcare Res, Lincoln, New Zealand. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Vegetat Ecol, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden. RP Hooper, DU (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. EM hooper@biol.wwu.edu RI Schmid, Bernhard/C-8625-2009; Wardle, David/F-6031-2011; Hector, Andrew/H-4199-2011; Setala, Heikki/P-7354-2015; Langhamer, Olivia/J-3425-2012; OI Schmid, Bernhard/0000-0002-8430-3214; Wardle, David/0000-0002-0476-7335; Hector, Andrew/0000-0002-1309-7716; Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910 NR 393 TC 2823 Z9 3009 U1 602 U2 4981 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 75 IS 1 BP 3 EP 35 DI 10.1890/04-0922 PG 33 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 900ZY UT WOS:000227254000001 ER PT J AU Seyfried, MS Schwinning, S Walvoord, MA Pockman, WT Newman, BD Jackson, RB Phillips, EM AF Seyfried, MS Schwinning, S Walvoord, MA Pockman, WT Newman, BD Jackson, RB Phillips, EM TI Ecohydrological control of deep drainage in arid and semiarid regions SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deep drainage; ecohydrology; groundwater recharge; xeric shrubs ID PLANT FUNCTIONAL TYPE; DESERT VADOSE ZONES; SOIL-WATER; ROOTING DEPTH; MOJAVE DESERT; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; VEGETATION CHANGE; UNSATURATED FLOW; HYDRAULIC LIFT; SONORAN DESERT AB The amount and spatial distribution of deep drainage (downward movement of water across the bottom of the root zone) and groundwater recharge affect the quantity and quality of increasingly limited groundwater in arid and semiarid regions. We synthesize research from the fields of ecology and hydrology to address the issue of deep drainage in and and semiarid regions. We start with a recently developed hydrological model that accurately simulates soil water potential and geochemical profiles measured in thick (>50 m), unconsolidated vadose zones. Model results indicate that, since the climate change that marked the onset of the Holocene period 10000-15000 years ago, there has been no deep drainage in vegetated interdrainage areas and that continuous, relatively low (<-1 MPa) soil water potentials have been maintained at depths of 2-3 m. A conceptual model consistent with these results proposes that the native, xeric-shrub-dominated, plant communities that gained dominance during the Holocene generated and maintained these conditions. We present three lines of ecological evidence that support the conceptual model. First, xeric shrubs have sufficiently deep rooting systems with low extraction limits to generate the modeled conditions. Second, the characteristic deep-rooted soil-plant systems store sufficient water to effectively buffer deep soil from climatic fluctuations in these dry environments, allowing stable conditions to persist for long periods of time. And third, adaptations resulting in deep, low-extraction-limit rooting systems confer significant advantages to xeric shrubs in and and semiarid environments. We then consider conditions in arid and semiarid regions in which the conceptual model may not apply, leading to the expectation that portions of many arid and semiarid watersheds supply some deep drainage. Further ecohydrologic research is required to elucidate critical climatic and edaphic thresholds, evaluate the role of important physiological processes (Such as hydraulic redistribution), and evaluate the role of deep roots in terms of carbon costs, nutrient uptake, and whole-plant development. C1 USDA, ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. Biosphere 2 Ctr, Oracle, AZ 85623 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Seyfried, MS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM mseyfrie@nwrc.ars.usda.gov RI Pockman, William/D-4086-2014; Schwinning, Susanne/G-6412-2015 OI Pockman, William/0000-0002-3286-0457; Schwinning, Susanne/0000-0002-9740-0291 NR 73 TC 98 Z9 103 U1 7 U2 68 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD FEB PY 2005 VL 86 IS 2 BP 277 EP 287 DI 10.1890/03-0568 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 906IM UT WOS:000227634400002 ER PT J AU Huxman, TE Wilcox, BP Breshears, DD Scott, RL Snyder, KA Small, EE Hultine, K Pockman, WT Jackson, RB AF Huxman, TE Wilcox, BP Breshears, DD Scott, RL Snyder, KA Small, EE Hultine, K Pockman, WT Jackson, RB TI Ecohydrological implications of woody plant encroachment SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon cycling; ecohydrology; evapotranspiration; vegetation change; woody plant encroachment ID CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; MOJAVE DESERT; WATER YIELD; NEW-MEXICO; GRASSLAND/FOREST CONTINUUM; CATCHMENT EXPERIMENTS; AMERICAN SOUTHWEST; VEGETATION CHANGES; TEXAS RANGELANDS; ROOTING DEPTH AB Increases in the abundance or density of woody plants in historically semiarid and arid grassland ecosystems have important ecological, hydrological, and socioeconomic implications. Using a simplified water-balance model, we propose a framework for conceptualizing how woody plant encroachment is likely to affect components of the water cycle within these ecosystems. We focus in particular on streamflow and the partitioning of evapotranspiration into evaporation and transpiration. On the basis of this framework, we Suggest that streamflow and evaporation processes are affected by woody plant encroachment in different ways, depending on the degree and seasonality of aridity and the availability of subsurface water. Differences in landscape physiography, climate, and runoff mechanisms mediate the influence of woody plants on hydrological processes. Streamflow is expected to decline as a result of woody plant encroachment in landscapes dominated by subsurface flow regimes. Similarly, encroachment of woody plants can be expected to produce an increase in the fractional contribution of bare soil evaporation to evapotranspiration in semiarid ecosystems, Whereas such shifts may be small or negligible in both subhumid and and ecosystems. This framework for considering the effects of woody plant encroachment highlights important ecological and hydrological interactions that serve as a basis for predicting other ecological aspects of vegetation change-such as potential changes in carbon cycling within an ecosystem. In locations where woody plant encroachment results in increased plant transpiration and concurrently the availability of soil water is reduced, increased accumulation of carbon in soils emerges as one prediction. Thus, explicitly considering the ecohydrological linkages associated with vegetation change provides needed information on the consequences of woody plant encroachment on water yield, carbon cycling, and other processes. C1 Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. USDA, ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Huxman, TE (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM huxman@arizona.edu RI small, eric/B-4939-2011; Pockman, William/D-4086-2014; Small, eric/K-6007-2015; Breshears, David/B-9318-2009 OI Pockman, William/0000-0002-3286-0457; Breshears, David/0000-0001-6601-0058 NR 74 TC 324 Z9 340 U1 21 U2 154 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD FEB PY 2005 VL 86 IS 2 BP 308 EP 319 DI 10.1890/03-0583 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 906IM UT WOS:000227634400005 ER PT J AU Risch, AC Jurgensen, MF Schutz, M Page-Dumroese, DS AF Risch, AC Jurgensen, MF Schutz, M Page-Dumroese, DS TI The contribution of red wood ants to soil C and N pools and CO2 emissions in subalpine forests SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; carbon and nutrient stores; closed chamber system; forest floor; high-elevation conifer forests; mineral soil; mound density; red wood ant; Swiss Alps ID FORMICA-RUFA-GROUP; CONIFEROUS FOREST; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NEST MOISTURE; HOT-SPOTS; FOOD-WEB; HYMENOPTERA; POLYCTENA; TEMPERATURE; AQUILONIA AB Little information is available regarding red wood ant (RWA; Formica rufa group) impacts on soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling in forest ecosystems. We found that RWA mound density (number per ha) was linked to forest tree species composition, slope aspect, and canopy closure. The size of RWA mounds was positively correlated with successional age of the stands. C and N concentrations of mound material were significantly higher than in the forest floor, while C:N ratios were not. RWA mound C and N pools were found to be significantly lower (<= 990 kg C/ha and <= 21 kg N/ha) than in the forest floor. RWA mounds were "hot spots" for CO2 emissions ranging from 12.4 (mid July) to 3.5 (early September) times higher than the adjacent forest floor. Overall, they contributed 0.7-2.5% to total forest soil CO2 emissions. Consequently, the contribution of RWA to total forest soil C and N pools and forest CO2 emission is minor and likely not important when calculating or modeling C and N pools or C fluxes. Yet, RWAs increase the spatial heterogeneity of soil C and nutrients and alter the flow of energy within their habitat. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Environm Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Risch, AC (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Biol, Biol Res Lab 207, 130 Coll Pl, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM arisch@syr.edu RI Risch, Anita/A-9836-2012 OI Risch, Anita/0000-0003-0531-8336 NR 74 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 18 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD FEB PY 2005 VL 86 IS 2 BP 419 EP 430 DI 10.1890/04-0159 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 906IM UT WOS:000227634400018 ER PT J AU Thelen, GC Vivanco, JM Newingham, B Good, W Bais, HP Landres, P Caesar, A Callaway, RM AF Thelen, GC Vivanco, JM Newingham, B Good, W Bais, HP Landres, P Caesar, A Callaway, RM TI Insect herbivory stimulates allelopathic exudation by an invasive plant and the suppression of natives SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE allelopathy; biocontrol insects; exotic invasion; herbivory; noxious weed; phytotoxic exudates; root exudates; spotted knapweed ID CENTAUREA-MACULOSA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ROOT HERBIVORY; COMPETITIVE ABILITY; SPOTTED KNAPWEED; SOIL FUNGI; GROWTH; WEED; OVERCOMPENSATION; RESPONSES AB Exotic invasive plants are often subjected to attack from imported insects as a method of biological control. A fundamental, but rarely explicitly tested, assumption of biological control is that damaged plants are less fit and compete poorly. In contrast, we find that one of the most destructive invasive plants in North America, Centaurea maculosa, exudes far higher amounts of (+/-)-catechin, an allelopathic chemical known to have deleterious effects on native plants, when attacked by larvae of two different root boring biocontrol insects and a parasitic fungus. We also demonstrate that C. maculosa plants experimentally attacked by one of these biocontrols exhibit more intense negative effects on natives. C1 Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Montana, Montana Tech, Dept Biol, Butte, MT 59701 USA. Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Callaway, RM (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM ray.callaway@mso.umt.edu RI Rechsteiner, Cynthia/C-5894-2011 NR 51 TC 89 Z9 98 U1 3 U2 51 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 8 IS 2 BP 209 EP 217 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00713.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 890DF UT WOS:000226491200010 ER PT J AU McCulley, RL Burke, IC Nelson, JA Lauenroth, WK Knapp, AK Kelly, EF AF McCulley, RL Burke, IC Nelson, JA Lauenroth, WK Knapp, AK Kelly, EF TI Regional patterns in carbon cycling across the Great Plains of North America SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE grassland; Great Plains; litter decomposition; net primary production; precipitation; regional trends; soil respiration ID CENTRAL GRASSLAND REGION; SOIL CO2 FLUX; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; TEMPERATE GRASSLAND; ROOT; WATER; RESPIRATION; DYNAMICS; EXCHANGE AB The large organic carbon ( C) pools found in noncultivated grassland soils suggest that historically these ecosystems have had high rates of C sequestration. Changes in the soil C pool over time are a function of alterations in C input and output rates. Across the Great Plains and at individual sites through time, inputs of C ( via aboveground production) are correlated with precipitation; however, regional trends in C outputs and the sensitivity of these C fluxes to annual variability in precipitation are less well known. To address the role of precipitation in controlling grassland C fluxes, and thereby soil C sequestration rates, we measured aboveground and belowground net primary production (ANPP-C and BNPP- C), soil respiration (SR-C), and litter decomposition rates for 2 years, a relatively dry year followed by a year of average precipitation, at five sites spanning a precipitation gradient in the Great Plains. ANPP-C, SR-C, and litter decomposition increased from shortgrass steppe (36, 454, and 24 g C m(-2) y(-1)) to tallgrass prairie (180, 1221, and 208 g C m(-2) y(-1) for ANPP-C, SR-C, and litter decomposition, respectively). No significant regional trend in BNPP-C was found. Increasing precipitation between years increased rates of ANPP-C, BNPP-C, SR-C, and litter decomposition at most sites. However, regional patterns of the sensitivity of ANPP-C, BNPP-C, SRC, and litter decomposition to between-year differences in precipitation varied. BNPP-C was more sensitive to between-year differences in precipitation than were the other C fluxes, and shortgrass steppe was more responsive than were mixed grass and tallgrass prairie. C1 Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP McCulley, RL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM mcculley@duke.edu RI Knapp, Alan/A-2931-2008; Burke, Ingrid/A-1420-2009 OI Burke, Ingrid/0000-0003-4717-6399 NR 54 TC 53 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD FEB PY 2005 VL 8 IS 1 BP 106 EP 121 DI 10.1007/s10021-004-0117-8 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 900TG UT WOS:000227236600008 ER PT J AU Clement, SL Elberson, LR Bosque-Perez, NA Schotzko, DJ AF Clement, SL Elberson, LR Bosque-Perez, NA Schotzko, DJ TI Detrimental and neutral effects of wild barley - Neotyphodium fungal endophyte associations on insect survival SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE plant resistance; cereal insect pests; Hordeum brevisubulatum ssp violaceum; Hordeum bogdanii; Metopolophium dirhodum; Rhopalosiphum padi; Mayetiola destructor; Aphididae; Cecidomyiidae; Clavicipitaceae ID ACREMONIUM ENDOPHYTE; INFECTED GRASSES; ARIZONA FESCUE; RESISTANCE; MUTUALISTS; HOMOPTERA; APHIDIDAE; RYEGRASS; PLANTS; WHEAT AB Neotyphodium (Clavicipitaceae: Balansieae) fungal endophyte infection does not always confer temperate grass resistance to insect herbivores, although reports indicate that over 40 species are adversely affected by its infection. Laboratory and glasshouse experiments were conducted to improve our knowledge of the anti-insect properties of Neotyphodium-infected (E+) non-commercial grasses, and E+ wild barley (Hordeum) specifically. Neotyphodium infection of four plant inventory (PI) lines of wild barley conferred resistance to Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), whereas none of the E+ wild barley accessions reduced the survival of Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Homoptera: Aphididae). Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (Homoptera: Aphididae) densities were significantly lower on the E+ clones of Hordeum brevisubulatum ssp. violaceum (Boissier and Hohenacker) (PI 440420), compared with densities on endophyte-free (E-) plants of this species in population growth experiments. Neotyphodium infection of three Hordeum bogdanii (Wilensky) PI lines did not confer resistance to M. dirhodum; however, one of these E+ lines (PI 314696) was resistant to this aphid in a second population growth experiment. Our results provide additional evidence that the outcome of a grass-endophyte-insect interaction is influenced by the host grass species or genotype, Neotyphodium species or genotype, and the insect species involved. They also reinforce this phenomenon for non-commercial grass-endophyte-insect interactions and underscore the potential role of endophytes in mediating wild barley-insect interactions and their potential to act as defensive mutualists. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Germplasm Introduct & Testing Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Clement, SL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Germplasm Introduct & Testing Res Unit, 59 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM slclement@wsu.edu NR 41 TC 26 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 114 IS 2 BP 119 EP 125 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2005.00236.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 895IZ UT WOS:000226855700004 ER PT J AU Vu, JCV AF Vu, JCV TI Acclimation of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) leaf photosynthesis to elevated growth CO2 and temperature SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Arachis hypogaea; CO2 enrichment; high temperature; nonstructural carbohydrates; photosynthesis; Rubisco ID SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; DRY-MATTER PRODUCTION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SMALL-SUBUNIT; GAS-EXCHANGE; RISING CO2; WATER RELATIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PLANTS AB Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cv. Florunner) was grown from seed sowing to plant maturity tinder two daytime CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) of 360 mumol mol(-1) (ambient) and 720 mumol mol(-1) (elevated) and at two temperatures of 1.5 and 6.0 degreesC above ambient temperature. The objectives were to characterize peanut leaf photosynthesis responses to tone-term elevated growth [CO2] and temperature, and to assess whether elevated [CO2] regulated peanut leaf photosynthetic capacity, in terms of activity and protein content of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco), Rubisco photosynthetic efficiency, and carbohydrate metabolism. At both growth temperatures, leaves of plants grown under elevated [CO2] had higher midday photosynthetic CO2 exchange rate (CER), lower transpiration and stomatal conductance and higher water-use efficiency, compared to those of plants grown at ambient [CO2]. Both activity and protein content of Rubisco, expressed on a leaf area basis, were reduced at elevated growth [CO2]. Declines in Rubisco under elevated [CO2] were 27-30% for initial activity, 5-12% for total activity, and 9-20% for protein content. Although Rubisco protein content and activity were down-regulated by elevated [CO2], Rubisco photosynthetic efficiency, the ratio of midday light-saturated CER to Rubisco initial or total activity, of the elevated-[CO2] plants was 1.3- to 1.9-fold greater than that of the ambient-[CO2] plants at both growth temperatures. Leaf soluble sugars and starch of plants grown at elevated [CO2] were 1.3- and 2-fold higher, respectively, than those of plants grown at ambient [CO2] Under elevated [CO2], leaf soluble sugars and starch. however. were not affected by high growth temperature. In contrast, high temperature reduced leaf soluble sugars and starch of the ambient-[CO2] plants. Activity of sucrose-P synthase, but not adenosine 5'-diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase, was up-regulated under elevated growth [CO2]. Thus, in the absence of other environmental stresses, peanut leaf photosynthesis would perform well under rising atmospheric [CO2] and temperature as predicted for this century. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE Crop Genet & Environm Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Vu, JCV (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE Crop Genet & Environm Res Unit, 304 Newell Hall,POB 110500, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jcvu@ifas.ufl.edu NR 43 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2004.03.006 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 889UU UT WOS:000226469000008 ER PT J AU Chilcutt, CF Wilson, LT Lascano, R Bronson, KF Booker, J AF Chilcutt, CF Wilson, LT Lascano, R Bronson, KF Booker, J TI Scaling and the effects of plant, soil, and landscape characteristics on sap-feeding herbivores in cotton SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plant nutrients; grain; aphid; thrips; whitefly ID INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; PIERIS-RAPAE; WATER-USE; NITROGEN; SALT; ABUNDANCE; RESPONSES; LEVEL; VARIABILITY; POPULATIONS AB Soil physical and chemical properties can affect plant growth and nutrition, which in turn can affect a plant's attractiveness and susceptibility to insect herbivores. A further source of variation in these relationships is the spatial scale at which patterns are measured. Both the size of the area being sampled, or scale, and the distance between measurements, or grain, are parameters that affect interpretation of insect abundance patterns. Our objectives in this study were to determine both the relationship of various landscape, plant, and soil characteristics to densities of sap-feeding insect herbivores in cotton and to determine the effects of sampling scale and sampling grain on these relationships. We included three sap-feeding herbivores in our study: Aphis gossyphii Glover, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), and Bemisia tabaci Gennadius. We found that abundance of each insect species was related to several single factors within the cotton field and that these relationships were always dependent on the scale and grain of the measurements. No one variable or set of variables was related to a particular insect density for each scale and grain examined. However, some variables were significantly correlated with insect densities at the larger scale (622 by 31 m), although none were significantly correlated for all plots Lit the smaller scale (154 by 31 m). In comparing the separate effects of each variable using partial correlations, elevation was negatively correlated with A. gossypii density at both grains (samples taken 25 m apart and samples taken 50 m apart), whereas in multiple regression analyses including all variables, plant moisture and soil nitrates were positively correlated and plant height and clay negatively correlated with A. gossypii density. In examining the separate effect of each variable on E occidentalis density, plant moisture was negatively associated with E occidentalis density at each grain. In multiple regression analyses, no variable was associated with E occidentalis density at each grain. For B. tabaci, soil salinity was positively associated when variables were examined separately or in multiple regression. We discuss the possible reasons for why particular variables are related to the densities of each species. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, Dept Entomol, Corpus Christi, TX 78406 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. Texas A&M Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. RP Chilcutt, CF (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, Dept Entomol, 10345 Agnes St, Corpus Christi, TX 78406 USA. EM c-chilcutt@tamu.edu RI Wilson, Lloyd/E-9971-2011 NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 34 IS 1 BP 75 EP 86 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 895WQ UT WOS:000226895100011 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Elliott, NC Kindler, SD French, BW Walker, CB Eikenbary, RD AF Lee, JH Elliott, NC Kindler, SD French, BW Walker, CB Eikenbary, RD TI Natural enemy impact on the Russian wheat aphid in southeastern Colorado SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diuraphis noxia; mechanical exclusion; biological control; predatory insect; parasitoid ID DIURAPHIS-NOXIA HOMOPTERA; GREENBUGS HOMOPTERA; WINTER-WHEAT; INDIGENOUS COCCINELLIDS; TEXAS PANHANDLE; PARASITOIDS; BARLEY; APHELINIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; PREDATORS AB The effectiveness of predators and parasitoids of the Russian wheat aphid was experimentally evaluated using mechanical exclusion in production winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L., fields at four locations in southeastern Colorado. Three types of enclosure were used: complete exclusion enclosures, partial exclusion enclosures that permitted entry by parasitic Hymenoptera, and environmental exclusion enclosures that reduced the effects of wind and rain on Russian wheat aphids and trapped emigrating alate Russian wheat aphids so that they could not return to plants within the enclosure. Russian wheat aphids in nonenclosed plots were also studied. Russian wheat aphid density varied among treatments in the following order: complete exclusion greater than or equal to partial exclusion > environmental exclusion > nonenclosed plots. The trapping of alatae within enclosures and reduced adverse stresses such as rain and wind within enclosures were partially responsible for the greater Russian wheat aphid density in complete and partial exclusion enclosures compared with environmental exclusion enclosures and nonenclosed plots. The aphidophagous coccinellid, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, and the generalist Nabis spp. were the most abundant predators during the increasing phase of Russian wheat aphid population development, but they did not substantially reduce Russian wheat aphid numbers. H. convergens, Coccinella septempuntata L., and H. sinuata Mulsant were the most abundant predators during the declining phase of Russian wheat aphid population growth. The dominant parasitoid was Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson), but parasitism rates were very low. Canonical correspondence analysis showed close associations between the abundance of predators and Russian wheat aphid density, Russian wheat aphid density and wind during the increasing phase of Russian wheat aphid population development, and Russian wheat aphid density and rainfall late in the growing season. C1 USDA, ARS, SPA, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Prowers Cty Cooperat Extens Off, Lamar, CO 81052 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Elliott, NC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SPA, Plant Sci Res Lab, 1301 N Western St, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM norman.elliott@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 13 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 34 IS 1 BP 115 EP 123 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 895WQ UT WOS:000226895100015 ER PT J AU Pinski, RA Mattson, NJ Raffa, KF AF Pinski, RA Mattson, NJ Raffa, KF TI Host breadth and ovipositional behavior of adult Polydrusus sericeus and Phyllobius oblongus (Coleoptera : Curculionidae), nonindigenous inhabitants of northern hardwood forests SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE host range; Phyllobius; Polydrusus; oviposition; rearing ID BLACK VINE WEEVIL; FEEDING PREFERENCE; PLANT; LEPIDOPTERA; TESTS; SPP. AB Polydrusus sericeus (Schaller) and Phyllobius oblongus (L,) are nonindigenous root-feeding weevils in northern hardwood forests of Wisconsin and Michigan. Detailed studies of adult host range, tree species preferences, and effects of food source on fecundity and longevity have not been conducted in North America. P. sericeus and P. oblongus adults fed on leaves of all 11 deciduous tree species offered in no-choice assays, but amount of consumption varied among species. P. sericeus consumed more yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton), basswood (Tilia americana L.), and ironwood [Ostrya virginiana (Miller) K. Koch] than maple (Acer spp.). Conversely, P. oblongus consumed more ironwood than poplar (Populus spp.) and yellow birch, with maple being intermediate. Females ate 2.5 times as much as males. Mean frass production by P. sericeus was strongly correlated with foliage consumption among host tree species. In feeding choice assays, P. sericeus preferred yellow birch over ironwood, basswood, and aspen (Populus tremuloides Michaux). P. sericeus produced 29.93 +/- 1.43 eggs/d when feeding on yellow birch compared with 2.04 +/- 0.36 eggs/d oil sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marshall). P. oblongus produced 4.32 +/- 1.45 eggs/d when feeding on sugar maple compared with just 0.2 +/- 0.1 eggs/d on yellow birch. Overall, total egg production for P. sericeus and P. oblongus averaged 830.1 +/- 154.8 and 23.8 +/- 11.8 eggs, respectively, when feeding on their optimal host plants. P. sericeus survived approximately five times longer in assays than P. oblongus, and it oviposited a total of 25.8 +/- 4.0 d, whereas P. oblongus oviposited 1.9 +/- 0.9 d. Egg size among P. sericeus and P. oblongus was 0.53 +/- 0.008 by 0.32 +/- 0.003 and 0.56 +/- 0.005 by 0.29 +/- 0.004 mm, respectively. In laboratory rearing of P. sericeus on yellow birch seedlings, 18% of the initial 500 larvae completed development to adults. C1 Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Fitchburg, WI 53711 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Pinski, RA (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 3911 Fish Hatchery Rd, Fitchburg, WI 53711 USA. EM renee.pinski@dnr.state.wi.us NR 39 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 34 IS 1 BP 148 EP 157 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 895WQ UT WOS:000226895100019 ER PT J AU Weber, DC Robbins, PS Averill, AL AF Weber, DC Robbins, PS Averill, AL TI Hoplia equina (Coleoptera : Searabaeidae) and nontarget capture using 2-tetradecanone-baited traps SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pheromone; trap color; trap height; cranberry; pollinators ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; BUMBLEBEES HYMENOPTERA; BEETLES COLEOPTERA; MATING DISRUPTION; PHEROMONE TRAPS; SEX-PHEROMONE; COLOR; SCARABAEIDAE; CRANBERRIES; TORTRICIDAE AB Using bucket traps baited with 2-tetradecanone, the sex pheromone of Hoplia equina LeConte, an important pest of cranberries in Massachusetts, we investigated the effect of trap height, color, pheromone load, and lure aging on male capture, as well as captures of nontarget arthropods including pollinators. Male capture was inversely related to height of traps over the four heights tested (0, 20, 60, and 100 cm). Captures increased with increasing pheromone load over the doses of 0, 100, 300, and 600 mug, but captures at the highest load, 1,000 mug, were not significantly different front 300 or 600 mug. H. equina captures were strongly diurnal, with a flight period spanning approximate to6 wk starting in mid-June. Vane color of traps (white, yellow, green, blue, red, black) did not affect H. equina capture but significantly influenced capture of nontargets, including pollinators. A bucket trap with the funnel opening at 20 em, and green (or red) vanes, baited with 600 mug of 2-tetradecanone, was the optimal design for high male capture and low nontarget capture. The low-cost capture of over 50,000 H. equina on a 2.4-ha commercial bog in Massachusetts with this lure-trap combination indicates the feasibility of mass trapping for managing established infestations of H. equina. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Weber, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, BARC W Bldg 011A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM weberd@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 34 IS 1 BP 158 EP 163 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 895WQ UT WOS:000226895100020 ER PT J AU Toews, MD Arthur, FH Campbell, JF AF Toews, MD Arthur, FH Campbell, JF TI Role of food and structural complexity on capture of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae) in simulated warehouses SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE red flour beetle; sampling; trapping; monitoring; insect behavior ID PHEROMONE AB Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) is a cosmopolitan pest of stored products, grain processing, and food warehouses. This study was initiated to more fully characterize the role of structure, sanitation, and trap location on capture of T castaneum in pheromone-baited pitfall traps commonly used in insect monitoring programs. Food patches, spatial structure, and trap position were manipulated in pilot scale warehouses with a known density of insects. Significantly greater quantities of insects were captured in traps placed in warehouses without food patches than those with food patches. Insects tended to be captured with greater frequency in the corners and underneath shelves than in the middle of warehouses. Correlation between actual density and trap captures was stronger in warehouses without food patches, suggesting that sanitation is an important part of pest monitoring. Finally, placement of concrete blocks in the middle of the warehouse did not increase the number of beetles captured in that area compared with warehouses without concrete blocks. Results from this study should be considered when developing guidelines for trap interpretation. C1 USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Toews, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM mtoews@gmprc.ksu.edu RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 NR 29 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 34 IS 1 BP 164 EP 169 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 895WQ UT WOS:000226895100021 ER PT J AU Hartman, TJ Baer, DJ Graham, LB Stone, WL Gunter, EW Parker, CE Albert, PS Dorgan, JF Clevidence, BA Campbell, WS Tomer, KB Judd, JT Taylor, PR AF Hartman, TJ Baer, DJ Graham, LB Stone, WL Gunter, EW Parker, CE Albert, PS Dorgan, JF Clevidence, BA Campbell, WS Tomer, KB Judd, JT Taylor, PR TI Moderate alcohol consumption and levels of antioxidant vitamins and isoprostanes in postmenopausal women SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE alcohol; antioxidants; oxidative stress; isoprostanes ID IN-VIVO FORMATION; BREAST-CANCER; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; E SUPPLEMENTATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; OXIDANT STRESS; RAT-LIVER; F-2-ISOPROSTANES; RISK AB Background: Although alcohol intake has been positively associated with breast cancer risk in epidemiologic studies, the mechanisms mediating this association are speculative. Objective: The Postmenopausal Women's Alcohol Study was designed to explore the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on potential risk factors for breast cancer. In the present analysis, we evaluated the relationship of alcohol consumption with antioxidant nutrients and a biomarker of oxidative stress. Design: Participants (n = 53) consumed a controlled diet plus each of three treatments (15 or 30 g alcohol/day or a no-alcohol placebo beverage), during three 8-week periods in random order. We measured the antioxidants, vitamin E (alpha (alpha)- and gamma (gamma)-tocopherols), selenium, and vitamin C in fasting blood samples which were collected at the end of diet periods, treated and frozen for assay at the end of the study. We also measured 15-F-2t-IsoP isoprostane, produced by lipid peroxidation, which serves as an indicator of oxidative stress and may serve as a biomarker for conditions favorable to carcinogenesis. Results: After adjusting for BMI (all models) and total serum cholesterol (tocopherol and isoprostane models) we observed a significant 4.6% decrease (P = 0.02) in alpha-tocopherol and a marginally significant 4.9% increase (P = 0.07) in isoprostane levels when women consumed 30 g alcohol/day (P = 0.06 and 0.05 for overall effect of alcohol on alpha-tocopherol and isoprostanes, respectively). The other antioxidants were not significantly modified by the alcohol treatment. Conclusions: These results suggest that moderate alcohol consumption increases some biomarkers of oxidative stress in postmenopausal women. C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIEHS, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. E Tennessee State Univ, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. RP Hartman, TJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM tjh9@psu.edu RI Tomer, Kenneth/E-8018-2013; Stone, William/B-6499-2008 OI Stone, William/0000-0002-6829-0417 NR 45 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 59 IS 2 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602051 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 893AC UT WOS:000226690200002 PM 15367922 ER PT J AU Erkkila, AT Booth, SL Hu, FB Jacques, PF Manson, JE Rexrode, KM Stampfer, MJ Lichtenstein, AH AF Erkkila, AT Booth, SL Hu, FB Jacques, PF Manson, JE Rexrode, KM Stampfer, MJ Lichtenstein, AH TI Phylloquinone intake as a marker for coronary heart disease risk but not stroke in women SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE phylloquinone; vitamin K; coronary artery disease; stroke; women ID VITAMIN-K INTAKE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; VEGETABLE INTAKE; ISCHEMIC-STROKE; BETA-CAROTENE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; DIETARY; FRUIT; SUPPLEMENTATION; HEALTH AB Objective: To examine the feasibility of using phylloquinone intake as a marker for coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke risk in women. Design and setting: Nurses' Health Study, a prospective cohort study during 1984-2000. Dietary data were collected in 1984, 1986, 1990, and 1994 using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Subjects: A total of 72 874 female nurses, aged 38-65 y, without previously diagnosed angina, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, or cancer at baseline. Main outcome measures: Incidence of nonfatal MI, CHD deaths, total CHD events, ischemic, and total strokes. Results: There were 1679 CHD events (1201 nonfatal) and 1009 strokes (567 ischemic). After adjustment for age and lifestyle factors associated with cardiovascular disease risk, the multivariate relative risks (RR) (95% CI) of total CHD from the lowest to the highest quintile category of phylloquinone intake were 1 (reference), 0.80 (0.69-0.94), 0.86 (0.74-1.00), 0.77 (0.66-0.99), and 0.79 (0.68-0.92), P for trend 0.01. Further adjustment for dietary intakes of saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, trans fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids, cereal fiber, and folate attenuated the association (RR comparing extreme quintiles 0.84 [0.71-1.00], P for trend 0.12). Incidence rates of total or ischemic strokes were not associated with phylloquinone intake. Conclusion: The data suggest that high phylloquinone intake may be a marker for low CHD risk. Dietary and lifestyle patterns associated with phylloquinone intakes, rather than intake of the nutrient itself, might account for all or part of the weak association. C1 Univ Kuopio, Dept Clin Nutr, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Channing Labs, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Erkkila, AT (reprint author), Univ Kuopio, Dept Clin Nutr, POB 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. EM arja.erkkila@uku.fi OI Rexrode, Kathryn/0000-0003-3387-8429 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA87969]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL24074, HL34594] NR 45 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 59 IS 2 BP 196 EP 204 DI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602058 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 893AC UT WOS:000226690200006 PM 15454972 ER PT J AU Kenar, JA Tevis, ID AF Kenar, JA Tevis, ID TI Convenient preparation of fatty ester cyclic carbonates SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cyclic carbonates; 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolanes; chlorohydrins; tetramethyl-ammonium hydrogen carbonate; oleic acid esters; nuclear magnetic resonance; mass spectrometry AB The cyclic carbonate moiety finds many industrial applications because of its unique chemistry and properties. Phosgene, a highly toxic and corrosive reagent, has been utilized in the past to prepare low yields of fatty ester compounds (1) that contain a five-membered cyclic carbonate group. Herein, we show (CH3)(4)N+-HCO3, tetramethylammonium hydrogen carbonate (TMAHC), to react efficiently with methyl or 2-ethylhexyl 9(10)chloro-10(9)-hydroxyoctadecanoate at 50-55 degreesC to give methyl or 2-ethylhexyl 8-(2-oxo-5-octyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)octanoate, 1a and 1b, respectively. These fatty acid ester carbonates were isolated in good yields ranging from 84% to 91% after purification by vacuum distillation. The purified fatty ester carbonate compounds were characterized by H-1 and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using electron impact ionization and positive chemical ionization techniques. This work demonstrates that the five-membered cyclic carbonate ring can be effectively introduced onto the alkyl chains of fatty acid esters using fatty ester chlorohydrins and (CH3)4N+-HCO3 chemistry. The well-known lubricating and polymeric properties of the carbonate moiety make these interesting cyclic oleochemical carbonates potential candidates for industrial lubricant, plasticizer, or polymer applications. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kenar, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kenarja@ncaur.usda.gov NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-7697 J9 EUR J LIPID SCI TECH JI Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 107 IS 2 BP 135 EP 137 DI 10.1002/ejlt.200401110 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 903JM UT WOS:000227422000010 ER PT J AU Dan, Z Popov, Y Patsenker, E Preimel, D Liu, C Wang, XD Seitz, HK Schuppan, D Stickel, F AF Dan, Z Popov, Y Patsenker, E Preimel, D Liu, C Wang, XD Seitz, HK Schuppan, D Stickel, F TI Hepatotoxicity of alcohol-induced polar retinol metabolites involves apoptosis via loss of mitochondrial membrane potential SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE alcoholic liver disease; cytochrome P4502E1; hypervitaminosis A; mitochondrial damage; vitamin A ID ETHANOL-INDUCED APOPTOSIS; BETA-CAROTENE; VITAMIN-A; PERMEABILITY TRANSITION; CYTOCHROME P-4502E1; ACID CONCENTRATION; RAT HEPATOCYTES; LIVER-INJURY; C-JUN; CARCINOGENESIS AB Chronic alcohol consumption depletes hepatic vitamin A stores. However, vitamin A supplementation is hepatotoxic,which is further potentiated by concomitant alcohol consumption. It was suggested that polar retinol metabolites generated by alcohol-inducible cytochrome P4502E1 aggravate liver damage. However, experimental evidence supporting this hypothesis is lacking. To elucidate the effects of polar retinol metabolites on cultured HepG2 cells and primary rat hepatocytes, polar retinol metabolites were extracted from liver tissues of rats fed either an alcoholic or isocaloric control Lieber-DeCarli diet. Cell toxicity assays included morphology assessment, trypan blue exclusion test,and LDH/AST leakage. Staining for DAPI and acridine orange, FACS analysis, and Western blot for cleaved caspase-9 and-3 were used to detect apoptosis. Polar retinol metabolites caused marked cytotoxicity in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in both cell types reflected by morphological changes, a dramatic increase in trypan blue positive cells, and LDH/AST leakage. Toxicity was due to apoptosis, as demonstrated by a time-dependent increase of sub-G1 cellular events,a rapid loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and a time-dependent activation of caspase-9 and-3. No toxicity was found with equivalent doses of the control extract from nonalcoholic rats. We demonstrate that polar retinol metabolites cause marked hepatocyte death through the induction of apoptosis. C1 Univ Heidelberg, Salem Med Ctr, Dept Med, Lab Alcohol Res & Liver Dis, D-69121 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Erlangen Nuremberg, Dept Med 1, Lab Liver Res, Erlangen, Germany. Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Tongji Med Coll, Tongji Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Stickel, F (reprint author), Univ Heidelberg, Salem Med Ctr, Dept Med, Lab Alcohol Res & Liver Dis, Zeppelinstr 11-33, D-69121 Heidelberg, Germany. EM felix.stickel@stadtmission-hd.de RI Popov, Yury/A-7781-2008; OI Popov, Yury V./0000-0001-7973-942X NR 38 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 19 IS 2 BP 845 EP + DI 10.1096/fj.04-2809fje PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905TE UT WOS:000227591900005 PM 15731294 ER PT J AU Swaggerty, CL Ferro, PJ Pevzner, IY Kogut, MH AF Swaggerty, CL Ferro, PJ Pevzner, IY Kogut, MH TI Heterophils are associated with resistance to systemic Salmonella enteritidis infections in genetically distinct chicken lines SO FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chicken; heterophil; innate immunity; intra-abdominal; resistance; Salmonella ID RECEPTOR-MEDIATED PHAGOCYTOSIS; COMMERCIAL BROILER-CHICKENS; ADAPTIVE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; INNATE IMMUNITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; ACTIVATION; MACROPHAGE; PATHWAYS; CYTOKINE; LYMPHOKINES AB Heterophils mediate acute protection against Salmonella in young poultry. We evaluated susceptibility of genetically distinct lines of broilers to systemic Salmonella enteritidis (SE) infections. SE was administered into the abdomen of day-old chickens (parental lines [A and B]; F1 reciprocal crosses [C and D]) to assess modulation of leukocytes and survivability of chickens. Line A was more resistant to SE than line B; likewise cross D was more resistant than cross C. Significantly more heterophils migrated to the abdominal cavity post-infection in the resistant lines. These data indicate that increased heterophil influx to the infection site contributes to increased resistance against systemic SE infections in neonatal chickens. (C) 2004 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, USDA ARS, SPARC, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Cobb Vantress Inc, Siloam Springs, AR 72761 USA. RP Kogut, MH (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, USDA ARS, SPARC, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM kogut@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 32 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-8244 J9 FEMS IMMUNOL MED MIC JI FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 43 IS 2 BP 149 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.femsim.2004.07.013 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 897FQ UT WOS:000226989800006 PM 15681144 ER PT J AU Sharma, VK Carlson, SA Casey, TA AF Sharma, VK Carlson, SA Casey, TA TI Hyperadherence of an hha mutant of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 is correlated with enhanced expression of LEE-encoded adherence genes SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE EHEC; Escherichia coli O157 : H7; LEE; hha ID PATHOGENICITY ISLAND; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; HEP-2 CELLS; EAE GENE; PROTEIN; LOCUS; REGULATOR; SECRETION; EPEC AB Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 virulence factors, specifically those conferring intimate adherence to and formation of attaching and effacing lesions (A/E) on host cells, are encoded by a horizontally acquired locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE). Expression of several LEE-encoded genes, which are organized into operons LED through LEE5, is under the positive regulation of ler, the first gene in the LEE] operon. We have recently demonstrated that EHEC O157:H7 lacking hha exhibited greater than a 10-fold increase in ler expression and that the repression of ler results from the binding of Hha to the ler promoter. In this report, we show that an hha mutant of EHEC O157:H7 exhibited increased adherence to Hep-2 cells, had increased transcriptional activities of LEE1, LEE2, LEE3, and LEE5 as determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays, and expressed LEE5::lac transcriptional fusion at levels that were several-fold higher than that expressed by the parental hha(+) strain. These results demonstrate that hha is an important regulatory component of the cascade that governs the expression of LEE operons and the resulting ability of EHEC O157:H7 to intimately adhere to host cells. (C)2004 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Pre Harvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Sharma, VK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Pre Harvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM vsharma@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 243 IS 1 BP 189 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.femsle.2004.12.003 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 895PI UT WOS:000226875000026 PM 15668018 ER PT J AU Bischoff, KM White, DG Hume, ME Poole, TL Nisbet, DJ AF Bischoff, KM White, DG Hume, ME Poole, TL Nisbet, DJ TI The chloramphenicol resistance gene cmlA is disseminated on transferable plasmids that confer multiple-drug resistance in swine Escherichia coli SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE antibiotic resistance; conjugation; integrons ID SULFONAMIDE RESISTANCE; FLORFENICOL RESISTANCE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; FOOD ANIMALS; ENTEROCOCCI; VANCOMYCIN; INTEGRONS; PERSISTENCE; PREVALENCE; AVOPARCIN AB A recent study of P-hemolytic Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic swine found that 53% were resistant to chloramphenicol, a drug that has been prohibited from use in food animals in the US since the mid-1980s. To identify the factors governing the persistence of chloramphenicol resistance in the absence of specific selection pressure, the location of the chloramphenicol resistance gene cmlA and its linkage to other resistance determinants were investigated. Southern blot analysis of plasmid DNA from 46 swine E coli isolates indicated that cmlA was present on large plasmids greater than 100 kbp. Fifty-two percent of the isolates were able to transfer chloramphenicol resistance to an E. coli recipient at conjugation frequencies ranging from 10(-3) to 10(-8) per recipient. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests on transconjugant strains demonstrated that resistance to sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and kanamycin frequently transferred along with chloramphenicol resistance. The transconjugant strains possessed at least two distinct class I integrons that linked cmlA to both aminoglycoside resistance genes aadA1 and aadA2 and either to sul1 or to sul3 sulphonamide resistance genes. These results suggest that in the absence of specific chloramphenicol selection pressure, the cmlA a gene is maintained by virtue of gene linkage to genes encoding resistance to antimicrobials that are currently approved for use in food animals. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Microbiological Societies. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Bischoff, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM bischoffk@ncaur.usda.gov NR 33 TC 69 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 243 IS 1 BP 285 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.femsle.2004.12.017 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 895PI UT WOS:000226875000039 PM 15668031 ER PT J AU Vaughan-Martini, A Kurtzman, CP Meyer, SA O'Neill, EB AF Vaughan-Martini, A Kurtzman, CP Meyer, SA O'Neill, EB TI Two new species in the Pichia guilliermondii clade: Pichia caribbica sp nov, the ascosporic state of Candida fermentati, and Candida carpophila comb nov SO FEMS YEAST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE domains D1/D2 26S rDNA; phylogenetic relatedness; Pichia guilliermondii; P. caribbica sp nov.; Candida carpophila comb. nov.; yeast systematics ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; BASE COMPOSITION; ASCOMYCETOUS YEASTS; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; SACCHAROMYCES; DIVERGENCE; SEPARATION AB Pichia caribbica sp. nov. (type strain DBVPG 4519, NRRL Y-27274, CBS 9966) is described as the ascosporic state of Candida fermentati, and Candida guilliermondii var. carpophila (type strain DBVPG 7739, NRRL Y-17905, CBS 5256) is elevated to species status as Candida carpophila comb. nov. These new taxa, which are indistinguishable on the basis of conventional taxonomic criteria, differ from one another and from Pichia guilliermondii by low DNA base sequence relatedness, different electrophoretic karyotypes, and nucleotide divergence in domains D1/D2 of 26S rDNA. Pichia caribbica produces one, rarely two, saturn-shaped ascospores in persistent asci. On the basis of molecular criteria, C carpophila comb. nov., C fukuyamaensis, and C. xestobii are conspecific, with the name C carpophila having taxonomic priority. (C) 2004 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Perugia, Sez Microbiol Applicata, Dipartimento Biol Vegetale & Biotecnol Agroambien, I-06121 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, Collez Lieviti Ind DBVPG, I-06121 Perugia, Italy. ARS, USDA, Microbiol Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vaughan-Martini, A (reprint author), Univ Perugia, Sez Microbiol Applicata, Dipartimento Biol Vegetale & Biotecnol Agroambien, Borgo XX Giugno 74, I-06121 Perugia, Italy. EM avaughan@unipg.it NR 33 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1356 J9 FEMS YEAST RES JI FEMS Yeast Res. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 5 IS 4-5 BP 463 EP 469 DI 10.1016/j.femsyr.2004.10.008 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology GA 900JD UT WOS:000227210300016 PM 15691751 ER PT J AU Islam, M Doyle, MP Phatak, SC Millner, P Jiang, XP AF Islam, M Doyle, MP Phatak, SC Millner, P Jiang, XP TI Survival of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in soil and on carrots and onions grown in fields treated with contaminated manure composts or irrigation water SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE compost; manure; manure-amended soil; E coli O157 : H7; carrots; onions ID FOODBORNE DISEASE; AMENDED SOIL; FATE; OUTBREAK; PRODUCE; O157H7 AB Many foodborne outbreaks of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection have been associated with the consumption of contaminated vegetables. On-farm contaminations through contaminated manure or irrigation water application were considered likely sources of the pathogen for several outbreaks. Field studies were done to determine the survival of E coli O157:H7 on two subterranean crops (carrots and onions), and in soil fertilized with contaminated manure compost or irrigated with contaminated water. Three different types of composts, PM-5 (poultry manure compost), 338 (dairy manure compost) and NVIRO-4 (alkaline stabilized dairy manure compost), and irrigation water were inoculated with an avirulent strain of E coli O157:H7 at 10(7) cfu g(-1) and 10(5) cfu ml(-1), respectively. A split-plot block design plan was used for each crop, with five treatments (one without compost, three with each of the three composts, and one without compost but with contaminated irrigation water applied) and five replicates for a total of 25 plots, each measuring 1.8 x 4.6 m(2), for each crop. Composts were applied to soil as a strip at a rate of 4.5 metric tons ha(-1) before carrots and onions were sown. Contaminated irrigation water was sprayed once on the vegetables at the rate of 21 per plot for this treatment 3 weeks after carrots and onions were sown. E coli O157:H7 survived in soil samples for 154-196 days, and was detected for 74 and 168 days on onions and carrots, respectively. E coli O157:H7 survival was greatest in soil amended with poultry compost and least in soil containing alkaline-stabilized dairy manure compost. Survival profiles of E coli O157:H7 on vegetables and soil samples, contaminated either by application of contaminated compost or irrigation water, were similar. Hence, preharvest contamination of carrots and onions with E coli O157:H7 for several months can occur through both contaminated manure compost and irrigation water. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety & Qual, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA, ARS, BARC, Anim Waste Pathogens Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety & Qual, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM mdoyle@uga.edu NR 39 TC 85 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 33 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 EI 1095-9998 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2004.04.007 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 877ZR UT WOS:000225615400008 ER PT J AU Day, ME Schedlbauer, JL Livingston, WH Greenwood, MS White, AS Brissette, JC AF Day, ME Schedlbauer, JL Livingston, WH Greenwood, MS White, AS Brissette, JC TI Influence of seedbed, light environment, and elevated night temperature on growth and carbon allocation in pitch pine (Pinus rigida) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) seedlings SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ontogeny; distribution; climate change; photosynthesis; respiration ID LEAF DARK RESPIRATION; BIOMASS ALLOCATION; PONDEROSA PINE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BLACK SPRUCE; MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; PHYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY; ALPINE POPULATIONS; ROPIS EXPERIMENTS; STEM RESPIRATION AB Jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.) are two autecologically similar species that occupy generally disjunct ranges in eastern North America. Jack pine is boreal in distribution, while pitch pine occurs at temperate latitudes. The two species co-occur in a small number of stands along a 'tension-zone' that traverses central Maine. These populations provide an opportunity for studying differences between boreal and temperate species in their adaptation to climatic factors. As seedling establishment and early growth are key life-stages governing tree distribution. we experimentally evaluated the influence of seedbed light environment and substrate on the success and early growth of these species. Under similar environments, first-year jack pine seedlings allocated relatively more biomass to roots and pitch pine more to foliage. This might provide pitch pine with an adaptive advantage when soil moisture was not limiting and an advantage to jack pine if substantial moisture stress occurred. Complex ontogenetic shifts in these allocation patterns occurred over second and third years of growth, which resulted in an equalization of interspecific differences in shoot-root ratios by the end of the third growing season. Night temperatures of 4-5 degreesC above ambient reduced growth of jack pine seedlings. while that of pitch pine was unaffected. However. foliar respiration and respiratory response to temperature were not significantly different between species and did not explain observed differences in temperature response. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Forest Ecosyst Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Day, ME (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Forest Ecosyst Sci, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM day@umenfa.maine.edu NR 44 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 205 IS 1-3 BP 59 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.10.004 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 888WL UT WOS:000226404800005 ER PT J AU Weinstein, DA Laurence, JA Retzlaff, WA Kern, JS Lee, EH Hogsett, WE Weber, J AF Weinstein, DA Laurence, JA Retzlaff, WA Kern, JS Lee, EH Hogsett, WE Weber, J TI Predicting the effects of tropospheric ozone on regional productivity of ponderosa pine and white fir SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ozone; forest dynamics; Ponderosa pine; simulation ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; SIMULATION-MODEL; SIERRA-NEVADA; AIR-POLLUTION; YELLOW-POPLAR; GAS-EXCHANGE; TREGRO MODEL; JEFFREY PINE; ACID-RAIN AB We simulated forest dynamics of the regional ponderosa pine-white fir conifer forest of the San Bernadino and Sierra Nevada mountains of California to determine the effects of high ozone concentrations over the next century and to compare the responses to our similar study for loblolly pine forests of the southeast. As in the earlier study, we linked two models. TREGRO and ZELIG. to consider both physiological effects within individual trees and competitive interactions within forest communities. We represented regional effects by simulating at three sites in California, Lassen National Park, Yosemite National Park, and Crestline in the San Bernardino Mountains. At each of these locations. we simulated the response to altered pollutant conditions of 0.5 1.5. 1.75, and 2 times ambient ozone. Of the two major dominant species in this forest, white fir showed little response, but ponderosa pine was predicted to show large effects. Ambient ozone at Crestline (approximately 110 ppm h. and larger than twice the ambient concentration at either of the other sites) was predicted to decrease individual tree carbon budgets by 10%. This effect was predicted to lead to a decrease in ponderosa pine abundance under average climatic conditions by 16%, were these concentrations to continue over the next century. A doubling of ozone at Crestline over the next 100 years was predicted to decrease this budget by an additional 11%, leading to a decline in abundance of 4 %. Effects at the other sites were predicted to be smaller (effects of current ambient ozone on abundance of 10% at Yosemite and 0% at Lassen) in proportion to the smaller exposures at those sites. Decreases in chronic moisture availability at all three sites were predicted to reduce these effects, particularly if ozone exposures rise. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Environm Sci Program, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. Dynam Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Weinstein, DA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM daw5@cornell.edu NR 61 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 205 IS 1-3 BP 73 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.10.007 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 888WL UT WOS:000226404800006 ER PT J AU Bellocq, MI Jones, C Dey, DC Turgeon, JJ AF Bellocq, MI Jones, C Dey, DC Turgeon, JJ TI Does the shelterwood method to regenerate oak forests affect acorn production and predation? SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Quercus rubra; regeneration by shelterwood system; seed production; pre-dispersal seed predation; post-dispersal seed predation ID RED OAK; GERMINATION SUCCESS; QUERCUS-RUBRA; DISPERSAL; SURVIVAL; TANNINS; YIELDS AB The shelterwood system is one of the primary methods currently used to encourage regeneration of oak forests: yet, little is known about its influence on acorn production and predation. We compared acorn production, and predation by insects and mammals in stands of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) that were regenerated by the shelterwood method (50% canopy removal) to that of uncut (control) stands in the first year of production after the harvest treatment. In each plot, we measured stand and tree characteristics and estimated acorn production by using both acorn traps and a visual crown survey to place trees into productivity classes. Acorns collected in traps were examined to record the external and internal conditions, percentage of cotyledon damaged and the presence of insects. Exclusion cages were used to quantify acorn predation by mammals in harvested and control plots. Oaks in the shelterwood plots produced more acorns than oaks in uncut stands if the acorn crop was rated by the crown survey method, but not when production was measured with acorn traps. We found no evidence that the shelterwood method influenced acorn predation by insects or mammals. Visual examination of the exterior of the pericarp indicated that insects attacked 44% and 47% of the acorns in harvested and control plots, respectively. Most of the damage produced by in-sects was attributed to pip galls (cynipid wasps) and acorn weevils (Curculio sp.). which in most cases damaged more than 75% of the cotyledon. Squirrels and chipmunks were the primary mammals responsible for removing 50% of the acorns in the fall-spring whereas mice took 33% of the acorns. Use of the shelterwood method in conjunction with leaving the best acorn producers can be used to create the desired stand structure while maintaining or increasing acorn production and oak regeneration potential in the stand. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ciencias Biol, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Turgeon, JJ (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, 1219 Queen St E, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. EM jturgeon@nrcan.gc.ca NR 46 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 205 IS 1-3 BP 311 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.10.013 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 888WL UT WOS:000226404800023 ER PT J AU Roberts, SD Harrington, CA Terry, TA AF Roberts, SD Harrington, CA Terry, TA TI Harvest residue and competing vegetation affect soil moisture, soil temperature, N availability, and Douglas-fir seedling growth SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE site productivity; organic residue; seedling nutrition; vegetation management; herbicides ID YOUNG PINUS-RADIATA; TREE GROWTH; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WEED-CONTROL; PRODUCTIVITY; MANAGEMENT; WATER; NUTRIENT; PLANTATIONS AB Decisions made during stand regeneration that affect subsequent levels of competing vegetation and residual biomass can have important short-term consequences for early stand growth, and may affect long-term site productivity. Competing vegetation clearly affects the availability of site resources such as soil moisture and nutrients. Harvest residues can also impact the availability of site resources. We examined second- and third-year seedling performance of a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plantation with different vegetation control and biomass retention treatments on a highly productive site in the coast range of Washington. Treatments included a bole-only harvest without vegetation control (BO - VC), a bole-only harvest with complete vegetation control (BO + VC), and a total tree harvest with complete vegetation control that also included removal of all coarse woody debris and harvest residues (TTP + VC). The objectives of the study were to determine if vegetation control and residue retention treatments affected soil moisture, soil temperature, and apparent nitrogen (N) availability, and whether these differences in site resources were correlated with seedling size and growth. In both the second and third rowing seasons, volumetric soil moisture at 0-20 cm depth was lowest on plots that did not receive vegetation control (BO - VC). seedlings on these plots also had the lowest diameter and volume gro\vth. In year 2, which was fairly moist, volume growth on TTP + VC plots was slightly higher than on BO + VC plots. TTP divided by VC plots did have lower soil moisture. but soil temperatures were slightly warmer. In year 3, a drier year, growth was greatest on BO divided by VC plots. which had consistently higher soil moisture levels. Apparent N availability in year 3 also varied with vegetation control. Douglas-fir foliar N concentrations averaged 2.3% on the plots where competing vegetation was eliminated, compared to 1.8% on plots where competing vegetation was not controlled. Douglas-fir foliar N concentrations did not differ between residue retention treatments, although N concentrations of competing vegetation were higher where residual biomass was retained. Higher apparent N availability was correlated with greater seedling growth. Based on results from years 2 and 3, it appears that soil moisture, particularly late in the growing season, had the greatest effect on seedling growth in both years. Available N may also have played a role, although the effects of N cannot be completely separated from those of soil moisture. When soil moisture is adequate, it appears that available N and soil temperature exert greater influence on growth. Vegetation control and residue retention can influence all three of these factors. The relative importance of each factor may depend on the year-to-year variation in environmental conditions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Weyerhaeuser Co, Western Forestry Res Ctr, Centralia, WA 98531 USA. RP Roberts, SD (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM sroberts@cfr.msstate.edu RI Harrington, Constance/G-6161-2012 NR 58 TC 54 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 205 IS 1-3 BP 333 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.10.036 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 888WL UT WOS:000226404800025 ER PT J AU Wagner, JE Sendak, PE AF Wagner, JE Sendak, PE TI The annual increase of Northeastern regional timber stumpage prices: 1961 to 2002 SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INFORMATIONAL EFFICIENCY; MARKET; TRENDS; CONSUMPTION; RESOURCES; PRODUCTS; MAINE AB Annual percentage rates of change for Northeastern regional sawtimber and pulpwood stumpage prices were estimated for the period 1961 to 2002. In addition, we examined if there have been any changes in the annual percentage rate of change during the same period. The results showed that the real (nominal) annual percentage rates of change for hardwood sawtimber and softwood pulpwood stumpage prices were 4.6 percent (8.5%) and 0.7 percent (4.6%), respectively. Annual real hardwood pulpwood stumpage prices increased at 0.6 percent while annual nominal hardwood pulpwood stumpage prices increased at a faster rate during 1961 to 1981 than during 1982 to 2002; namely, 7.3 vs. 1.6 percent, respectively. Annual nominal softwood sawtimber stumpage prices increased at 5.2 percent while annual real softwood sawtimber stumpage prices increased at a slower rate during 1961 to 1981 than during 1982 to 2002, namely, 0.6 vs. 2.2 percent, respectively. This research indicates that an average landowner holding an average mix of hardwood sawtimber could reasonably achieve a 4.6 percent annual increase in the revenue from a future sale of that sawtimber due to real price appreciation alone. The same landowner may achieve greater or lesser gains depending on species composition, structure. age. and density of the stand combined with prudent forest management choices. While the annual percentage rates of change described here may not reflect the stumpage markets of a specific sub-state region or individual property, they may provide a forestry consultant with additional information to help compare potential returns from forest management to other uses of a landowner's capital such as mutual funds. stocks. and bonds. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Wagner, JE (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. NR 55 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 55 IS 2 BP 36 EP 45 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 899TV UT WOS:000227169000009 ER PT J AU Lebow, S Foster, D AF Lebow, S Foster, D TI Environmental concentrations of copper, chromium, and arsenic released from a chromated-copper-arsenate-(CCA-C-) treated wetland boardwalk SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL AB A study was conducted to evaluate environmental accumulation and mobility of total copper, chromium, and arsenic adjacent to a chromated-copper-arsenate- (CCA-C-) treated wetland boardwalk. The study was considered a severe test because it included a large Volume of treated wood in a site with high annual rainfall. Soil and sediment samples were collected before construction and 0.5, 2, 5.5, 11. 24. and 60 months after construction. Increased concentrations of copper, chromium, and arsenic were detected in some soil and sediment samples. The environmental concentrations varied with time, proximity to the treated woods and type of exposure. Concentrations of leached components in the soil developed slowly and were greatest at the 60-month sampling. Soil samples with elevated levels of copper and chromium were confined to directly under the dripline of the boardwalk, and arsenic appeared to be limited to within 0.3 m ( 1 I ft.) of the structure. Concentrations of I leached components in the sediments increased more quickly than those in the soil and reached maximum or near maximum levels within the first year. Elevated concentrations of copper, chromium, and arsenic were found in sediments as much as 3 m (10 ft.) from the boardwalk. Concentrations of these elements were also generally greater in sediment than in soil, suggesting that factors other than leaching, such as abrasion of treated wood fiber caused by foot traffic, may be contributing to environmental releases. In both soil and sediment samples, total copper and arsenic concentrations were consistently more elevated than chromium concentrations. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Lebow, S (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 55 IS 2 BP 62 EP 70 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 899TV UT WOS:000227169000013 ER PT J AU Wu, QL Cai, ZY Lee, JN AF Wu, QL Cai, ZY Lee, JN TI Tensile and dimensional properties of wood strands made from plantation southern pine lumber SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Working stresses and performance of strand composite lumber largely depend upon the properties of each individual strand. Southern pine strands from plantation lumber grown in southern Louisiana were investigated in this study in order to understand strand behaviors. The effects of hot-pressing and resin application on tensile modulus, strength, and dimensional expansions (in three directions) were discussed. The mechanical properties of the untreated control strands were similar to those of solid wood products, while their dimensional expansions were larger than the reported values for solid wood. Hot-pressing and resin application had a significant impact on strand performances. Strands located in face layers of the mat were even more sensitive to hot-pressing and resin usage than strands in the core layer, and their strength and modulus increased significantly due to initial high press temperature and pressure applied to them. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Wu, QL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 55 IS 2 BP 87 EP 92 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 899TV UT WOS:000227169000016 ER PT J AU Green, EJ Strawderman, WE Amateis, RL Reams, GA AF Green, EJ Strawderman, WE Amateis, RL Reams, GA TI Improved estimation for multiple means with heterogeneous variances SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE empirical Bayes; forest inventory ID EMPIRICAL BAYES ESTIMATORS; LIMITING RISK AB Two new estimators are presented for use in situations where simultaneous estimation of more than two sample means is required and alternative, possibly biased information is available. The new estimators are modifications to an older estimator by Green and Strawderman. The latter estimator assumed homogeneous variances, whereas the new ones are designed for the more usual case of heterogeneous variances among the sample means. In simulation experiments, the new estimators yielded superior performance to that of the ordinary sample mean vector (X). Surprisingly, the estimator designed to dominate X under precision-weighted loss was apparently the best estimator, even under nonprecision-weighted loss. Use of the new estimators should allow foresters to achieve considerable savings in estimation precision. FOR. Sci. 51(1):1-6. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, Cook Coll, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Stat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Green, EJ (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, Cook Coll, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM green@crssa.rutgers.edu; straw@stat.rutgers.edu; ralph@vt.edu; greams@fs.fed.us NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 51 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 915DM UT WOS:000228277900001 ER PT J AU Johnsen, K Maier, C Kress, L AF Johnsen, K Maier, C Kress, L TI Quantifying root lateral distribution and turnover using pine trees with a distinct stable carbon isotope signature SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE C-13; carbon isotopes; carbon sequestration ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; FOREST; SEQUESTRATION; ALLOCATION; GROWTH; FERTILIZATION; PLANTATIONS; NUTRIENT; EXCHANGE; BIOMASS AB 1. In order to help assess spatial competition for below-ground resources, we quantified the effects of fertilization on root biomass quantity and lateral root distribution of mid-rotation Pinus taeda trees. Open-top chambers exposed trees to ambient or ambient plus 200 mu mol mol(-1) atmospheric CO2 for 31 months. 2. Tank CO2 was depleted in atmospheric C-13; foliage of elevated CO2 trees had delta(13)C of -42.9, compared with -29.1 for ambient CO2 trees. 3. Roots 1 m from the base of elevated CO2-grown trees had more negative delta(13)C relative to control trees, and this difference was detected, on average, up to 5.8, 3.7 and 3.7 m away from the trees for 0-2, 2-5 and > 5 mm root-size classes, respectively. Non-fertilized tree roots extended as far as fertilized trees despite the fact that their above-ground biomass was less than half that of fertilized trees. 4. These results are informative with respect to root sampling intensity and protocol, and the distances required between experimental manipulations to evaluate below-ground processes of independent treatments. 5. Fine-root turnover has usually been estimated to range from weeks to 3 years, representing a major avenue of carbon flux. Using a mixing model we calculated that 0-2 mm roots had a mean residence time of 4.5 years indicating relatively slow fine-root turnover, a result that has major implications in modelling C cycling. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Johnsen, K (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 3041 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12254, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kjohnsen@fs.fed.us NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.1111/j.0269-8463.2005.00928.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 906VJ UT WOS:000227672000011 ER PT J AU Kim, JS Klein, PE Klein, RR Price, HJ Mullet, JE Stelly, DM AF Kim, JS Klein, PE Klein, RR Price, HJ Mullet, JE Stelly, DM TI Molecular cytogenetic maps of sorghum linkage groups 2 and 8 SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; BICOLOR L. MOENCH; BACTERIAL ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME; PACHYTENE CHROMOSOMES; PHYSICAL MAPS; GENETIC-RECOMBINATION; MEIOTIC PACHYTENE; TOMATO; FISH; RFLP AB To integrate genetic, physical, and cytological perspectives of the Sorghum bicolor genome, we selected 40 landed bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones that contain different linkage map markers, 21 from linkage group 2 (LG-02) and 19 from linkage group 8 (LG-08). Multi-BAC probe cocktails were constructed for each chromosome from the landed BACs, which were also preevaluated for FISH signal quality, relative position, and collective chromosome coverage. Comparison to the corresponding linkage map revealed full concordance of locus order between cytological and prior segregation analyses. The pericentromeric heterochromatin constituted a large quasi-uniform block in each bivalent and was especially large in the bivalent corresponding to LG-08. Centromere positions in LG-02 and LG-08 were progressively delimited using FISH to identify landed BACs for which the FISH signals visibly flanked the centromere. Alignment of linkage and cytological maps revealed that pericentromeric heterochromatin of these sorghum chromosomes is largely devoid of recombination, which is mostly relegated to the more distal regions, which are largely euchromatic. This suggests that the sorghum genome is thus even more amenable to physical mapping of genes and positional cloning than the C-value alone might suggest. As a prelude to positional cloning of the fertility restorer, Rf1, FISH of BAC clones flanking the Rf1 locus was used to delimit the chromosomal position of the gene. FISH of BACs that contain the most proximal linkage markers enabled localization of Rf1 to a similar to 0.4-Mbp euchromatic region of LG-08. Cytogenetic analyses of Rf1 and other trait loci will aid in assessing the feasibility of positional cloning and help formulate strategies required for cloning this and other agriculturally critical genes. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Stelly, DM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, 370 Olsen Blvd, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM stelly@tamu.edu OI Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119 NR 42 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD FEB PY 2005 VL 169 IS 2 BP 955 EP 965 DI 10.1534/genetics.104.026765 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 907EC UT WOS:000227697200038 PM 15489513 ER PT J AU Kim, JS Klein, PE Klein, RR Price, HJ Mullet, JE Stelly, DM AF Kim, JS Klein, PE Klein, RR Price, HJ Mullet, JE Stelly, DM TI Chromosome identification and nomenclature of Sorghum bicolor SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; RFLP LINKAGE MAP; L. MOENCH; GENUS SORGHUM; GENETIC-MAP; GENOME MAP; CONSTRUCTION; MARKERS; MAIZE; AFLP AB Linkage group identities and homologies were determined for metaphase chromosomes of Sorghum bicolor (2n = 20) by FISH of landed BACs. Relative lengths of chromosomes in FISH-karyotyped metaphase spreads of the elite inbred BTx623 were used to estimate the molecular size of each chromosome and to establish a size-based nomenclature, for sorghum chromosomes (SBI-01-SBI-10) and linkage groups (LG-01 to LG-10). Lengths of arms were determined to orient linkage groups relative to a standard karyotypic layout (short arms at top). The size-based nomenclature for BTx623 represents a reasonable choice as the standard for a unified chromosome nomenclature for use by the sorghum research community. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Stelly, DM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, 370 Olsen Blvd, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM stelly@tamu.edu OI Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119 NR 38 TC 80 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 20 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD FEB PY 2005 VL 169 IS 2 BP 1169 EP 1173 DI 10.1534/genetics.104.035980 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 907EC UT WOS:000227697200055 PM 15489512 ER PT J AU Kong, L Anderson, JM Ohm, HW AF Kong, L Anderson, JM Ohm, HW TI Induction of wheat defense and stress-related genes in response to Fusarium graminearum SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Fusarium head blight (FHB); suppressive subtractive hybridization; defense response; real-time quantitative RT-PCR ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR; CYTOCHROME-P450 MONOOXYGENASES; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; PLANT CYTOCHROME-P450; MESSENGER-RNA; CDNA CLONING; CLADOSPORIUM-FULVUM; CHITINASE GENES; VIRUS-INFECTION AB Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by species of the fungus Fusarium, is a worldwide disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The Chinese T. aestivum 'Ning7840' is one of few wheat cultivars with resistance to FHB. To identify differentially expressed genes corresponding to FHB resistance, a cDNA library was constructed using pooled mRNA isolated from glumes of 'Ning7840' harvested at 2, 6, 12, 24, 36, 72, and 96 h after inoculation (hai) with a conidia spore suspension of Fusarium graminearum. Suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) cDNA subtraction was carried out using pooled glume mRNAs from the tester and the control. The cDNA library was differentially screened using the forward subtracted cDNAs and the reverse subtracted cDNAs as probes. Twenty-four clones with significant matches to either plant (16 sequences) or fungal (8 sequences) genes were isolated based on their specific hybridization with forward subtracted cDNA and not reverse subtracted cDNA. Six putative defense-related genes were confirmed by real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. Many-fold higher induction of three clones (A3F8, B10H1, and B11H3) in the resistant genotypes compared with susceptible genotypes indicates a putative role in the resistance response to Fusarium graminearum. Transcript accumulations of P450, chitinase (Chi1), and one unknown gene (clone B8Q9) in both resistant and susceptible genotypes suggest an involvement in a generalized resistance response to F. graminearum. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that cDNA clone A4C6 encodes a cytochrome P450 gene (CYP709C3v2), including 14 N-terminal amino acids that have a membrane-associated helical motif. Other domains characteristic of eukaryotic P450 are also present in CYP709C3v2. The deduced polypeptide of cDNA clone B2H2 encodes an acidic isoform of class I chitinase containing a 960-bp coding region. Southern hybridization using aneuploid lines of T. aestivum 'Chinese Spring' indicated that CYP709C3v2 was located on the short arm of chromosomes 2B and 2D. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ohm, HW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hohm@purdue.edu NR 58 TC 59 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD FEB PY 2005 VL 48 IS 1 BP 29 EP 40 DI 10.1139/G04-097 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 909DJ UT WOS:000227839500004 PM 15729394 ER PT J AU Patterson, JT Larson, SR Johnson, PG AF Patterson, JT Larson, SR Johnson, PG TI Genome relationships in polyploid Poa pratensis and other Poa species inferred from phylogenetic analysis of nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE phylogeny; polyploidy; chloroplast genome; nuclear genome; Kentucky bluegrass ID BARLEY HORDEUM-VULGARE; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; NORTH-AMERICAN ELYMUS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; FROST-RESISTANCE; RIBOSOMAL DNA; CHROMOSOME 5A; GENETIC-MAP; LINKAGE MAP; DATA SETS AB The genus Poa comprises approximately 500 species that occur throughout the world, including the widely grown Kentucky bluegrass (P. pratensis L.). Hybridization and polyploidization have played a prominent role in the evolution of this complex genus, but limited information is available regarding genome relationships in Poa. Thus, we amplified, cloned, and compared the DNA sequences of 2 nuclear genes (CDO504 and thioredoxin-like protein) and 2 chloroplast genome loci (ndhF and trnT-trnF) from 22 Poa species. Four distinct classes of sequences corresponding to 4 putative homoeologous loci from each nuclear gene were found within polyploid P. pratensis. Nuclear sequences from 15 other Poa species were found to group with at least 1 P. pratensis homoeolog, whereas 6 species displayed sequences not present in P. pratensis. The nuclear genome phylogenies presented here show the first evidence of diverse and related genomes in the genus Poa. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Larson, SR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM stlarson@cc.usu.edu NR 72 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 12 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD FEB PY 2005 VL 48 IS 1 BP 76 EP 87 DI 10.1139/G04-102 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 909DJ UT WOS:000227839500009 PM 15729399 ER PT J AU Periman, RD AF Periman, RD TI Modeling landscapes and past vegetation patterns of New Mexico's Rio del Oso Valley SO GEOARCHAEOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Landscape and Land Use - Geoarchaeological Approaches to Human Impact CY MAR, 2002 CL Denver, CO SP Soc Amer Archaeol ID FOREST COMPOSITION; FIRE; REPRESENTATION; SEDIMENTS; AMERICA; ECOLOGY AB Humans have interacted with the landscape and ecosystem of New Mexicos Rio del Oso Valley for thousands of years. Throughout the Holocene, various cultures have dramatically affected and altered the Rio del Oso. Air interdisciplinary research approach, incorporating geomorphology, paleobotany, archaeology, and history, provides a broad range of methodologies and data sets of past landscape dynamics. Integrating such data sets in three-dimensional Geographical Information Systems (GIS) models of past vegetation mid landscape conditions may enable a view of anthropogenic ecosystem change. Analyses of past land use through landscape models, geoarchaeology, and other methods can provide a greater understanding for current and future ecosystem management. (C) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Periman, RD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Suite 115,333 Broadway SE, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0883-6353 J9 GEOARCHAEOLOGY JI Geoarchaeology PD FEB PY 2005 VL 20 IS 2 BP 193 EP 210 DI 10.1002/gea.20043 PG 18 WC Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Archaeology; Geology GA 888WN UT WOS:000226405000007 ER PT J AU Hu, SJ Wu, JS Burkey, KO Firestone, MK AF Hu, SJ Wu, JS Burkey, KO Firestone, MK TI Plant and microbial N acquisition under elevated atmospheric CO2 in two mesocosm experiments with annual grasses SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Avena barbata; Avena fatua; elevated CO2; microbial biomass C and N; N-15 availability; N tracer; plant-microbial N partitioning ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; NITROGEN LIMITATION; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOIL; DECOMPOSITION; RESPONSES; LITTER; ECOSYSTEM AB The impact of elevated CO2 on terrestrial ecosystem C balance, both in sign or magnitude, is not clear because the resulting alterations in C input, plant nutrient demand and water use efficiency often have contrasting impacts on microbial decomposition processes. One major source of uncertainty stems from the impact of elevated CO2 on N availability to plants and microbes. We examined the effects of atmospheric CO2 enrichment (ambient+370 mumol mol(-1)) on plant and microbial N acquisition in two different mesocosm experiments, using model plant species of annual grasses of Avena barbata and A. fatua, respectively. The A. barbata experiment was conducted in a N-poor sandy loam and the A. fatua experiment was on a N-rich clayey loam. Plant-microbial N partitioning was examined through determining the distribution of a N-15 tracer. In the A. barbata experiment, N-15 tracer was introduced to a field labeling experiment in the previous year so that N-15 predominantly existed in nonextractable soil pools. In the A. fatua experiment, N-15 was introduced in a mineral solution [((NH4)-N-15)(2)SO4 solution] during the growing season of A. fatua. Results of both N budget and N-15 tracer analyses indicated that elevated CO2 increased plant N acquisition from the soil. In the A. barbata experiment, elevated CO2 increased plant biomass N by ca. 10% but there was no corresponding decrease in soil extractable N, suggesting that plants might have obtained N from the nonextractable organic N pool because of enhanced microbial activity. In the A. fatua experiment, however, the CO2-led increase in plant biomass N was statistically equal to the reduction in soil extractable N. Although atmospheric CO2 enrichment enhanced microbial biomass C under A. barbata or microbial activity (respiration) under A. fatua, it had no significant effect on microbial biomass N in either experiment. Elevated CO2 increased the colonization of A. fatua roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which coincided with the enhancement of plant competitiveness for soluble soil N. Together, these results suggest that elevated CO2 may tighten N cycling through facilitating plant N acquisition. However, it is unknown to what degree results from these short-term microcosm experiments can be extrapolated to field conditions. Long-term studies in less-disturbed soils are needed to determine whether CO2-enhancement of plant N acquisition can significantly relieve N limitation over plant growth in an elevated CO2 environment. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. ARS, USDA, Air Qual Plant Growth & Dev Unit, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hu, SJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Box 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Shuijin_hu@ncsu.edu NR 51 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 49 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 11 IS 2 BP 213 EP 223 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00905.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 893FV UT WOS:000226705600003 ER PT J AU Brooks, PD McKnight, D Elder, K AF Brooks, PD McKnight, D Elder, K TI Carbon limitation of soil respiration under winter snowpacks: potential feedbacks between growing season and winter carbon fluxes SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon cycle; climate change; CO2 flux; soil respiration; winter biogeochemistry ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; BOREAL FOREST; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; DECIDUOUS FOREST; CO2; EXCHANGE; SEQUESTRATION; DIOXIDE; BALANCE; TUNDRA AB A reduction in the length of the snow-covered season in response to a warming of high-latitude and high-elevation ecosystems may increase soil carbon availability both through increased litter fall following longer growing seasons and by allowing early winter soil frosts that lyse plant and microbial cells. To evaluate how an increase in labile carbon during winter may affect ecosystem carbon balance we investigated the relationship between carbon availability and winter CO2 fluxes at several locations in the Colorado Rockies. Landscape-scale surveys of winter CO2 fluxes from sites with different soil carbon content indicated that winter CO2 fluxes were positively related to carbon availability and experimental additions of glucose to soil confirmed that CO2 fluxes from snow-covered soil at temperatures between 0 and -3degreesC were carbon limited. Glucose added to snow-covered soil increased CO2 fluxes by 52-160% relative to control sites within 24 h and remained 62-70% higher after 30 days. Concurrently a shift in the delta(13)C values of emitted CO2 toward the glucose value indicated preferential utilization of the added carbon confirming the presence of active heterotrophic respiration in soils at temperatures below 0degreesC. The sensitivity of these winter fluxes to substrate availability, coupled with predicted changes in winter snow cover, suggests that feedbacks between growing season carbon uptake and winter heterotrophic activity may have unforeseen consequences for carbon and nutrient cycling in northern forests. For example, published winter CO2 fluxes indicate that on average 50% of growing season carbon uptake currently is respired during the winter; changes in winter CO2 flux in response to climate change have the potential to reduce substantially the net carbon sink in these ecosystems. C1 Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85716 USA. Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USFS, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Brooks, PD (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85716 USA. EM brooks@hwr.arizona.edu OI MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533 NR 32 TC 56 Z9 64 U1 15 U2 52 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 11 IS 2 BP 231 EP 238 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00877.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 893FV UT WOS:000226705600005 ER PT J AU Cui, JB Li, CS Trettin, C AF Cui, JB Li, CS Trettin, C TI Analyzing the ecosystem carbon and hydrologic characteristics of forested wetland using a biogeochemical process model SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biogeochemical modeling; carbon cycling; carbon pools; forested wetlands; greenhouse gases emission; hydrological process ID SEASON-LONG MEASUREMENT; EDDY-CORRELATION; NORTHERN WETLANDS; METHANE EMISSIONS; GENERALIZED-MODEL; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; BOREAL FEN; SITE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PRODUCTIVITY AB A comprehensive biogeochemical model, Wetland-DNDC, was applied to analyze the carbon and hydrologic characteristics of forested wetland ecosystem at Minnesota (MN) and Florida (FL) sites. The model simulates the flows of carbon, energy, and water in forested wetlands. Modeled carbon dynamics depends on physiological plant factors, the size of plant pools, environmental factors, and the total amount and turnover rates of soil organic matter. The model realistically simulated water level fluctuation, forest production, carbon pools change, and CO2 and CH4 emission under natural variations in different environmental factors at two sites. Analyses were focused on parameters and inputs potentially cause the greatest uncertainty in calculated change in plant and soil C and water levels fluctuation and shows that it was important to obtain accurate input data for initial C content, climatic conditions, and allocation of net primary production to various forested wetland components. The magnitude of the forest responses was dependent not only on the rate of changes in environmental factors, but also on site-specific conditions such as climate and soil. This paper explores the ability of using the biogeochemical process model Wetland-DNDC to estimate the carbon and hydrologic dynamics of forested wetlands and shifts in these dynamics in response to changing environmental conditions. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Cui, JB (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Inst Environm Sci, Ecol Modelling & Carbon Sci Lab, Case Postale 8888,Succursale Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. EM jcui@eos.sr.unh.edu NR 32 TC 33 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 42 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 11 IS 2 BP 278 EP 289 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00900.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 893FV UT WOS:000226705600009 ER PT J AU Silver, WL Thompson, AW McGroddy, ME Varner, RK Dias, JD Silva, H Crill, PM Keller, M AF Silver, WL Thompson, AW McGroddy, ME Varner, RK Dias, JD Silva, H Crill, PM Keller, M TI Fine root dynamics and trace gas fluxes in two lowland tropical forest soils SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; methane; nitric oxide; nitrous oxide; root decomposition; root productivity; root respiration; root turnover ID LEAF-LITTER DECOMPOSITION; BELOW-GROUND CARBON; NITRIC-OXIDE; AMAZONIAN FOREST; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; EASTERN AMAZONIA; GLOBAL PATTERNS; RESPIRATION AB Fine root dynamics have the potential to contribute significantly to ecosystem-scale biogeochemical cycling, including the production and emission of greenhouse gases. This is particularly true in tropical forests which are often characterized as having large fine root biomass and rapid rates of root production and decomposition. We examined patterns in fine root dynamics on two soil types in a lowland moist Amazonian forest, and determined the effect of root decay on rates of C and N trace gas fluxes. Root production averaged 229 (+/-35) and 153 (+/-27) g m(-2) yr(-1) for years 1 and 2 of the study, respectively, and did not vary significantly with soil texture. Root decay was sensitive to soil texture with faster rates in the clay soil (k=-0.96 year(-1)) than in the sandy loam soil (k=-0.61 year(-1)), leading to greater standing stocks of dead roots in the sandy loam. Rates of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions were significantly greater in the clay soil (13+/-1 ng N cm(-2) h(-1)) than in the sandy loam (1.4+/-0.2 ng N cm(-2) h(-1)). Root mortality and decay following trenching doubled rates of N2O emissions in the clay and tripled them in sandy loam over a 1-year period. Trenching also increased nitric oxide fluxes, which were greater in the sandy loam than in the clay. We used trenching (clay only) and a mass balance approach to estimate the root contribution to soil respiration. In clay soil root respiration was 264-380 g C m(-2) yr(-1), accounting for 24% to 35% of the total soil CO2 efflux. Estimates were similar using both approaches. In sandy loam, root respiration rates were slightly higher and more variable (521+/-206 g C m(2) yr(-1)) and contributed 35% of the total soil respiration. Our results show that soil heterotrophs strongly dominate soil respiration in this forest, regardless of soil texture. Our results also suggest that fine root mortality and decomposition associated with disturbance and land-use change can contribute significantly to increased rates of nitrogen trace gas emissions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Div Ecosyst Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH USA. Fdn Floresta Trop, Santarem, Para, Brazil. US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR USA. RP Silver, WL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Div Ecosyst Sci, 151 Hilgard Hall 3110, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wsilver@nature.berkeley.edu RI Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; El Husny, Chafic/G-5410-2012; Silver, Whendee/H-1118-2012; Silva, Hudson/D-1564-2013; Varner, Ruth/E-5371-2011; OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Varner, Ruth/0000-0002-3571-6629; Crill, Patrick/0000-0003-1110-3059 NR 59 TC 95 Z9 100 U1 5 U2 38 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 11 IS 2 BP 290 EP 306 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00903.x PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 893FV UT WOS:000226705600010 ER PT J AU Bell, RL van der Zwet, T AF Bell, RL van der Zwet, T TI Host resistance in Pyrus to Fabraea leaf spot SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fabraea maculata; Entomosporium maculatum; Diplocarpon mespili; pear AB Pear leaf spot, caused by the fungus Fabraea maculata Atk. (anamorph: Entomosporium mespili (DC.) Sacc.) occurs in most areas of the world where pears are grown. Most major cultivars of the european pear, P communis L., for which data are available are susceptible. Ratings appearing in the literature are sometimes contradictory. This study evaluated resistance/susceptibility within a diverse collection of Pyrus cultivars an other germplasm in a randomized and replicated nursery plot using quantitative measures of disease incidence and severity. The least susceptible genotypes were the P communis cultivars 'Beurre Fouqueray' and 'Bartlett', the P. pyrifolia cultivars 'Imamura Aki', and the P communis x P ussuriensis hybrid NJ 477643275. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Bell, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1 BP 21 EP 23 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 889WH UT WOS:000226473000006 ER PT J AU Pinkerton, J Finn, CE AF Pinkerton, J Finn, CE TI Responses of strawberry species and cultivars to the root-lesion and northern root-knot nematodes SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fragaria xananassa; Fragaria chiloensis; Fragaria virginiana; fruit breeding; germplasm; Meloidogyne hapla; Pratylenchus penetrans; resistance; tolerance ID PRATYLENCHUS-PENETRANS; MELOIDOGYNE-HAPLA; RHIZOCTONIA AB The relative susceptibility of 44 genotypes of wild Fragaria L. and commercial cultivars of strawberry Fragaria xananassa Duch. to Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood and Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Filipjev & Shuurmans Stekhoven was evaluated in the greenhouse. Eleven genotypes were highly resistant to populations of M. hapla from Washington State and Oregon, with Rf values (initial nematode density/final population density) less than 0.5. However, root growth of most genotypes, including resistant genotypes, was reduced by M. hapla. Thirteen genotypes were ranked more resistant to R penetrans than E xananassa 'Totem', a susceptible cultivar. Root growth of most genotypes was not affected by P. penetrans under these experimental conditions. We conclude that commercial cultivars and wild Fragaria genotypes can provide a readily exploitable source of resistance to M. hapla. Conversely, sources of resistance to P penetrans were uncommon in the germplasm evaluated. The E xananassa cultivars, which already have commercially important characteristics, appear to be a better source of resistance for both nematode species than the wild, unimproved germplasm. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Pinkerton, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1 BP 33 EP 38 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 889WH UT WOS:000226473000009 ER PT J AU Farnham, MW Stephenson, KK Fahey, JW AF Farnham, MW Stephenson, KK Fahey, JW TI Glucoraphanin level in broccoli seed is largely determined by genotype SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Brassica oleracea; doubled-haploids; broccoli sprouts; glucosinolates; glucoiberin; chernoprotection ID BRASSICA-OLERACEA; CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES; GLUCOSINOLATE CONTENT; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; PHASE-2 ENZYMES; SULFORAPHANE; ISOTHIOCYANATES; SPROUTS; CELLS; INDUCTION AB Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L., Italica Group) seed and resulting sprouts can contain high levels of glucoraphanin, a glucosinolate, which can be converted to sulforaphane, a compound with cancer protective and antioxidant properties. This observation has stimulated interest in broccoli seed production. In this study, inbred lines, which produce relatively high yields of homogeneous, selfed-seed across different environments in the absence of insect pollinators, were used to evaluate the relative importance of genotype versus environment as a determinant of glucoraphanin concentration in broccoli seed. Glucoraphanin and glucoiberin were measured in broccoli seed lots generated from ten broccoli inbred lines grown in two greenhouse and two screen cage environments. Typically, seed glucoraphanin level ranged from 5 to 100 mumol(.)g(-1) seed and glucoiberin ranged from 0 to about 40 mumol(.)g(-1) seed, regardless of the environment in which seed was produced. Analysis of variance indicated that genotype was the most significant factor influencing levels of the two glucosinolates. Although significant environmental and genotype x environment effects were observed for glucoraphanin and a significant genotype x environment effect was observed for glucoiberin, these effects were small compared to the genotype effects. Results indicate that it is possible to identify broccoli inbreds that consistently produce relatively high yields of seed with a high glucoraphanin content across different environments. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Mol Sci, Lewis B & Dorothy Cullman Canc Chemoprotect Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Med, Ctr Human Nutr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Farnham, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RI Barickman, Thomas/I-6993-2012 NR 33 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1 BP 50 EP 53 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 889WH UT WOS:000226473000013 ER PT J AU Russo, VM Diaz-Perez, JC AF Russo, VM Diaz-Perez, JC TI Kaolin-based particle film has no effect on physiological measurements, disease incidence or yield in peppers SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Capsicum annuum; culture; heat stress; kaolin; particle film; yield ID SUPPRESSION; APPLE AB Heat stress can limit yield in pepper (Capsicum spp.), generally through flower and fruit abortion. A kaolin-based particle film, originally developed to protect fruit trees from insects, has been found to reduce temperatures in tissues of plants. A kaolin-based particle film was tested to determine if it could be used to improve yields of pepper in Oklahoma and Georgia. In Oklahoma, seedlings of a bell pepper,'Jupiter', and a nonpungent jalapeno, 'Pace 103', were transplanted at three progressively warmer planting dates from mid-May to mid-July 2002 and 2003, that would ensure that inflorescences would be subject to high day and night temperatures and treated with the kaolin-based particle film. Applications were begun as the first flowers were set and continued through the settings of the first three flushes of flowers on a three-times a week schedule, or on an as needed basis, to determine if the kaolin-based particle film improved yield. In Georgia, the bell peppers 'Camelot' and 'Heritage VR' were transplanted on 24 Apr. 2003, and treated with the kaolin-based particle film. In addition to yield, physiological measurements and disease incidences were recorded in Georgia. In both locations treatment with water only served as controls. In Georgia, the kaolin-based particle film had no significant effect on net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration or leaf temperature, as measured at midday on clear days. In Oklahoma, planting bell pepper after 15 May is not recommended. Planting the nonpungent jalapeno after mid-June can reduce yields. The kaolin-based particle film did not affect yield at either location and is not recommended for use on peppers. C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, POB 159, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM vrusso-usda@lane-ag.org RI Diaz-Perez, Juan/D-7642-2014 OI Diaz-Perez, Juan/0000-0002-4474-6715 NR 10 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1 BP 98 EP 101 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 889WH UT WOS:000226473000024 ER PT J AU Thomas, CE Levi, A Caniglia, E AF Thomas, CE Levi, A Caniglia, E TI Evaluation of US plant introductions of watermelon for resistance to powdery mildew SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Citrullus lanatus; Sphaerotheca fuliginea; cucurbits; races AB Two hundred sixty-six Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsum. & Nakai accessions (Plant Introductions and named cultivars) were tested against a race 2 Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlechtend.: Fr.) Pollacci isolate to evaluate for resistance to powdery mildew disease. Growth room-grown seedlings were artificially inoculated with. conidia from watermelon host leaves at 2-day intervals from the appearance of the first true leaf until test results data were taken, when the second true leaf was fully expanded. Plants were evaluated on a 1 to 9 scale of increasing disease severity. Disease indices (DIs) were calculated as weighted averages for each entry. All genotypes with resistant plants (powdery mildew rating 1 to 3) were reevaluated in a replicated test of 3 replications of 10 plants each. Disease indices were again calculated. Twenty-two plant introductions (PIs) and one named variety displayed intermediate resistance to powdery mildew in the replicated test with DIs ranging from 5.0 to 6.0. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Thomas, CE (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1 BP 154 EP 156 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 889WH UT WOS:000226473000038 ER PT J AU Fortuna, A Rieke, PE Jacobs, LW Leinauer, B Karcher, DE AF Fortuna, A Rieke, PE Jacobs, LW Leinauer, B Karcher, DE TI Kentucky bluegrass response to use of aquatic plants as a soil amendment SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE organic residuals; nitrogen; carbon; mineralization; kinetics; trace metals; turfgrass quality; Foa pratensis ID NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; BIODEGRADATION TESTS; TURFGRASS; CARBON; WASTE AB Rapid aquatic plant growth in Michigan's smaller lakes has reduced their navigability and recreational use. Harvested aquatic weeds have posed a new waste disposal issue for municipalities. Application of lake weeds as a soil amendment on area farms was viewed as a possible waste management option that might benefit local sod producers. The objectives of this study were to 1) estimate the amount of plant-available N (PAN) released from lake weed material, 2) determine the chemical composition of aquatic plant tissues and their effect on plant-available moisture, and 3) study turfgrass response to lake weed applications using the criteria of turfgrass quality, growth, and N uptake. Rates of lake weed refuse applied to field plots were 96, 161, and 206 Mg.ha(-1). Two 47-day laboratory incubations were conducted with the same rates of refuse. Relative to biosolids, the metal content of the lake weeds was low and the nutrient content high. One megagram of lake weeds contained 0.37 kg of P and 2.5 kg of K. The decay constant for the C fraction in lake weeds was 8 to 10 days and 16 days for the N fraction. Estimates of the N supplied by lake weeds (570, 960, and 1200 kg PAN/ha) were based on data from C and N incubations. Application of lake weeds significantly increased plant-available soil moisture and significantly enhanced sod establishment and turf density, resulting in decreased weed pressure. However, excess N was present at higher application rates. Management concerns during the application of lake weeds should focus on nutrient loading and the timing of plant-available N release. Depending on methods of weed harvesting, we observed that large amounts of unwanted trash present in the plant biomass could discourage use by growers. Land application of lake weed refuse could ease waste disposal problems, reduce fertilizer inputs for sod growers, and improve the moisture status of sands. Further, this information can be of value to environmental regulatory agencies in determining safe and proper use of such waste materials. C1 Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Extens Plant Sci Dept, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Hort, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Fortuna, A (reprint author), Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM ann-marie.fortuna@maine.edu RI Fortuna, Ann-Marie/G-4884-2012 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1 BP 237 EP 241 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 889WH UT WOS:000226473000058 ER PT J AU Bonta, JV AF Bonta, JV TI Changes in concentration-discharge regression parameters due to coal mining and reclamation activities SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article DE best-management practice; duration curves; mine spoil; overburden; strip mining; surface mining; water quality ID 3 OHIO WATERSHEDS; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; IMPACT; QUALITY; HYDROLOGY AB Assessment of the impacts of mining and reclamation, and design of management practices to reduce chemical loads in stream channels, require knowledge of changing hydrological conditions and of changing sources and rates of release of chemicals into stream waters. One simple method for evaluating these impacts is to combine flow duration curves with regression relations between surface-water chemical concentrations (C) and instantaneous discharge (Q). However, little is known regarding the drainage basin-scale effects of mining and reclaiming drainage basins on regression relations. These effects were assessed on three small experimental drainage basins in Ohio subjected to surface mining for coal. Comparisons were made between regression parameter changes for natural/ undisturbed conditions, land disturbances caused by mining and reclamation, incomplete reclamation, and the final condition of the reclaimed drainage basins. Regression analysis used a total of 5047 laboratory analyses of 36 constituents. Of 429 regressions, 153 (36%) were statistically significant. Knowledge of changes in regression parameters is important because regressions supply information on the rate of release and supply of chemical constituents in mined and reclaimed drainage basins. Duration curves of concentration and loads can be constructed using these regressions with flow duration curves to give estimates of the percentage of time that concentrations and loads are exceeded during different phases of disturbance. This study assessed the changes in regression relations due to mining coal seams and reclamation activities for 36 chemical constituents, two mining methods, three reclamation practices and three distinct geologic settings. C1 USDA ARS, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Bonta, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Box 488,N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. EM bonta@coshocton.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU IAHS PRESS, INST HYDROLOGY PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O FRANCES WATKINS, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0262-6667 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 50 IS 1 BP 155 EP 173 DI 10.1623/hysj.50.1.155.56335 PG 19 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 892OJ UT WOS:000226659600012 ER PT J AU Dawson, HD Beshah, E Nishi, S Solano-Aguilar, G Morimoto, M Zhao, AP Madden, KB Ledbetter, TK Dubey, JP Shea-Donohue, T Lunney, JK Urban, JF AF Dawson, HD Beshah, E Nishi, S Solano-Aguilar, G Morimoto, M Zhao, AP Madden, KB Ledbetter, TK Dubey, JP Shea-Donohue, T Lunney, JK Urban, JF TI Localized multigene expression patterns support an evolving Th1/Th2-like paradigm in response to infections with Toxoplasma gondii and Ascaris suum SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; CYTOKINE MESSENGER-RNA; INDUCED MURINE TOXOPLASMOSIS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REAL-TIME PCR; IFN-GAMMA; HELMINTH INFECTION; STAGE CONVERSION; GENE-EXPRESSION; MAST-CELLS AB Human infectious diseases have been studied in pigs because the two species have common microbial, parasitic, and zoonotic organisms, but there has been no systematic evaluation of cytokine gene expression in response to infectious agents in porcine species. In this study, pigs were inoculated with two clinically and economically important parasites, Toxoplasma gondii and Ascaris suum, and gene expression in 11 different tissues for 20 different swine Th1/Th2-related cytokines, cytokine receptors, and markers of immune activation were evaluated by real-time PCR. A generalized Th1-like pattern of gene expression was evident in pigs infected with T. gondii, along with an increased anti-inflammatory gene expression pattern during the recovery phase of the infection. In contrast, an elevated Th2-like pattern was expressed during the period of expulsion of A. suum fourth-stage larvae from the small intestine of pigs, along with low-level Th1-like and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression. Prototypical immune and physiological markers of infection were observed in bronchial alveolar lavage cells, small intestinal smooth muscle, and epithelial cells. This study validated the use of a robust quantitative gene expression assay to detect immune and inflammatory markers at multiple host tissue sites, enhanced the definition of two important swine diseases, and supported the use of swine as an experimental model for the study of immunity to infectious agents relevant to humans. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Mucosal Biol Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USDA ARS, BHNRC, NRFL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Urban, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, BHNRC, NRFL, Bldg 307C,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM urbanj@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Nishi, Sandra /H-1373-2013; Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013; OI Nishi, Sandra /0000-0003-1800-5451; Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 65 TC 99 Z9 102 U1 5 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 73 IS 2 BP 1116 EP 1128 DI 10.1128/IAI.73.2.1116-1128.2005 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 893PM UT WOS:000226731700052 PM 15664955 ER PT J AU Jordan, DM Sperandio, V Kaper, JB Dean-Nystrom, EA Moon, HW AF Jordan, DM Sperandio, V Kaper, JB Dean-Nystrom, EA Moon, HW TI Colonization of gnotobiotic piglets by a luxS mutant strain of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; SWINE AB Gnotobiotic piglets inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7, its luxS mutant derivative, or nonpathogenic E. coli were evaluated for attaching and effacing lesions. Although no differences in clinical symptoms were seen between pigs inoculated with the parent and those inoculated with the luxS mutant, the luxS mutant-inoculated pigs had a lower frequency of attaching and effacing lesions in the spiral colon than parent strain-inoculated pigs. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Saftey & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Jordan, DM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dmjordan@iastate.edu OI Kaper, James/0000-0003-0715-2907 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R37 AI021657]; NIDDK NIH HHS [1R01 DK 58957, R01 DK058957] NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 73 IS 2 BP 1214 EP 1216 DI 10.1128/IAI.73.2.1214-1216.2005 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 893PM UT WOS:000226731700064 PM 15664967 ER PT J AU Coates, BS Sumerford, DV Hellmich, RL Lewis, LC AF Coates, BS Sumerford, DV Hellmich, RL Lewis, LC TI Sequence variation in the cadherin gene of Ostrinia nubilalis: a tool for field monitoring SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cadherin; Bacillus thuringiensis; receptor; midgut cDNA ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXINS; CYCLODIENE INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; SODIUM-CHANNEL GENE; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; ROOTWORM COLEOPTERA; AMINOPEPTIDASE-N AB Toxin-binding proteins of insect midgut epithelial cells are associated with insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry toxins. A 5378 nt cDNA encoding a 1717 amino acid putative midgut cadherin-like glycoprotein and candidate CrylAb toxin-binding protein was characterized front Ostrinia nubilalis. Intraspecific alignment of partial O. nubilalis cadherin gene sequences identified variance within proposed CrylA toxin binding region 2 (TBR2), (1328)IPLQTSILVVT[I/V] N-1340, and flanking CrylA toxin binding region 1 (TBR1). (DIEIEIIDTNN871)-D-861. DNA sequence and PCR-RFLP detected single nucleotide polymorphism between cadherin alleles. and pedigree analysis demonstrated Mendelian inheritance. A population sample from Mead. Nebraska showed allelic polyrnorphism. These assays may be useful for linkage mapping and field surveillance of wild Populations and of O. nubilalis. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Iowa State Univ, Genet Lab 113, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Interdepart Genet Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Coates, BS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Genet Lab 113, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM coates@iastate.edu NR 56 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 35 IS 2 BP 129 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2004.10.008 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 897OF UT WOS:000227013800004 PM 15681223 ER PT J AU Untalan, PM Guerrero, FD Haines, LR Pearson, TW AF Untalan, PM Guerrero, FD Haines, LR Pearson, TW TI Proteome analysis of abundantly expressed proteins from unfed larvae of the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Boophilus microplus; two-dimensional gel electrophoresis; mass spectrometry; proteome; larvae ID HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; CUTICULAR PROTEINS; RHIPICEPHALUS-APPENDICULATUS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; SALIVARY-GLANDS; BUG RHODNIUS; SEQUENCE; GENES; DATABASE AB Protein expression in unfed larvae of the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus, was characterized using gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry in all effort to assemble a database of proteins produced at this stage of development. Soluble and insoluble proteins were extracted and resolved by, two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis. Twenty abundantly expressed larval proteins were selected for peptide mass mapping and for peptide sequencing by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-ToF) (MS), respectively. Only one protein, tropomyosin, was and quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) tandem mass spectrometry unequivocally identified from its peptide mass map. Ten proteins were assigned putative identities based on BLAST searching of heterologous databases with peptide sequences. These included a cytoskeletal protein (troponin 1), Multiple cuticular proteins, a glycine-rich salivary gland-associated protein and proteins with a presumed housekeeping role (arginine kinase, a high-mobility group protein and a small heat shock protein). Eight additional proteins were identified by searching translated open reading frames of a B. microplus EST database (unpublished): putative fatty-acid binding protein, thioredoxin, glycine-rich salivary gland protein and additional cuticular proteins. One remaining protein was not identifiable, suggesting it may be a novel molecule. The ongoing assembly of this database contributes to our understanding of proteins expressed by the tick and provides a resource that can be milled for molecules that play a role in tick-host interactions. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. Univ Victoria, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. RP Untalan, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM pia.untalan@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 35 IS 2 BP 141 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2004.10.009 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 897OF UT WOS:000227013800005 PM 15681224 ER PT J AU Speer, CA Dubey, JP AF Speer, CA Dubey, JP TI Ultrastructural differentiation of Toxoplasma gondii schizonts (types B to E) and gamonts in the intestines of cats fed bradyzoites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; cats; schizonts; intestine; gamonts; ultrastructure; types B-E; merozoites ID LIFE-CYCLE; VEG STRAIN; OOCYSTS; INFECTIVITY; MICE; MULTIPLICATION; MACROGAMETE; CYSTS AB The ultrastructural characterisitics of four types of Toxoplasma gondii schizonts (types B, C, D and E) and their merozoites, microgamonts and macrogamonts were compared in cats killed at days 1, 2, 4 and 6 after feeding tissues cysts from the brains of mice. Schizonts, merozoites and gamonts contained most of the ultrastructural features characteristic of the phylum Apicomplexa. All four types of schizonts developed within enterocytes or intraepithelial lymphocytes. Occasionally, type B and C schizonts developed within enterocytes that were displaced beneath the epithelium into the lamina propria. Type D and E schizonts and gamonts developed exclusively in the epithelium. Tachyzoites occurred exclusively within the lamina propria. Type B schizonts formed merozoites by endodyogeny, whereas types C to E developed by endopolygeny. The parasitophorous vacuoles surrounding type B and C schizonts consisted of a single membrane, whereas those surrounding types D and E schizonts were comprised of two to four electron-dense membranes. The parasitophorous vacuole of type B schizonts had an extensive tubulovesicular membrane network (TMN); the TMN was reduced or absent in type C schizonts and completely absent in types D and E schizonts and gamonts. Type B merozoites were ultrastructurally similar to tachyzoites, except that they were slightly larger. Type C merozoites exhibited a positive periodic acid-Schiff reaction by light microscopy and ultrastructurally contained amylopectin granules. Rhoptries were labyrinthine in type B merozoites but were electron-dense in types C-E. The development of microgamonts, macrogamont and oocysts is also described. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Vet Mol Biol, Ctr Bison & Wildlife Hlth, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Tennessee, Agr Expt Stn, Inst Agr, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37920 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E,Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 23 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 35 IS 2 BP 193 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2004.11.005 PG 14 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 902AN UT WOS:000227323600009 PM 15710440 ER PT J AU Waterland, RA AF Waterland, RA TI Commentary: The global relevance of 'biological freudianism' SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE HIV transmission; prevention; injection drug use; HIV; AIDS ID EARLY NUTRITION; CHRONIC DISEASE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; LITTER SIZE; INSULIN; CHILDHOOD; CHILDREN; OBESITY; PERIODS; FETAL C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Univ, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Waterland, RA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St,Ste 9070, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM waterland@bcm.tmc.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 34 IS 1 BP 15 EP 17 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 899FF UT WOS:000227129600005 PM 15649966 ER PT J AU Wang, SY Zheng, W AF Wang, SY Zheng, W TI Preharvest application of methyl jasmonate increases fruit quality and antioxidant capacity in raspberries SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flavonoids; organic acids; sugars ID PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; DEVELOPMENTAL-STAGE; FLAVONOIDS; ANTHOCYANINS; STRAWBERRY; PHENOLICS; ACID; GROWTH; OXYGEN; SUBSTANCES AB The effects of preharvest methyl jasmonate (MJ) application on fruit quality, flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity in black raspberry cv. Jewel (Rubus occidentalis L) and red raspberry cv. Autumn Bliss (Rubus idaeus subsp.) were studied under field condition. Raspberries treated with MJ had higher soluble solids content, total sugars, fructose, glucose, sucrose and lower titratable acids (TAs), malic acid and citric acid than untreated fruit. MJ also significantly enhanced the content of flavonoids and the antioxidant capacities in the fruit. The cv. Jewel had higher soluble solids and lower TAs compared with the cv. Autumn Bliss. On the basis of fresh weight of fruit, 'Jewel' also had significantly higher anthocyanin, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity than 'Autumn Bliss'. C1 ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wangs@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-5423 J9 INT J FOOD SCI TECH JI Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 40 IS 2 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.00930.x PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 892LF UT WOS:000226651400008 ER PT J AU Johnson, EJ Neuringer, M Russell, RM Schalch, W Snodderly, DM AF Johnson, EJ Neuringer, M Russell, RM Schalch, W Snodderly, DM TI Nutritional manipulation of primate retinas, III: Effects of lutein or zeaxanthin supplementation on adipose tissue and retina of xanthophyll-free monkeys SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MACULAR PIGMENT DENSITY; RHESUS-MONKEYS; CAROTENOIDS; AGE; DEGENERATION; PLASMA; DEATH; QUAIL; SERUM AB PURPOSE. Macular pigment ( MP) is composed of the xanthophylls lutein ( L) and zeaxanthin ( Z) and may help to prevent age- related macular degeneration or retard its progression. In this study the effects of L or Z supplementation on carotenoid levels was examined in serum, adipose tissue, and retina in rhesus monkeys with no previous intake of xanthophylls. METHODS. From birth to 7 to 16 years of age, 18 rhesus monkeys were fed semipurified diets containing all essential nutrients but no xanthophylls. Six were supplemented with pure L and 6 with pure Z at 3.9 mu mol/ kg per day for 24 to 101 weeks. At baseline and at 4- to 12- week intervals, carotenoids in adipose tissue were measured by HPLC. At study completion, carotenoids in serum and retina ( central 4 mm, 8- mm annulus, and the periphery) were determined. Results were compared with data from control monkeys fed a standard laboratory diet. RESULTS. Monkeys fed xanthophyll- free diets had no L or Z in serum or tissues. After L or Z supplementation, serum and adipose tissue concentrations significantly increased in the supplemented groups. Both L and 3R, 3 ' S- Z ( RSZ or meso- Z, not present in the diet) were incorporated into retinas of monkeys supplemented with L, with RSZ present only in the macula ( central 4 mm). All- trans Z, but no RSZ, accumulated in retinas of monkeys supplemented with Z. CONCLUSIONS. L is the precursor of RSZ, a major component of macular pigment. Xanthophyll- free monkeys can accumulate retinal xanthophylls and provide a valuable model for examining their uptake and conversion. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Oregon Natl Primate Res Ctr, Div Neurosci, Portland, OR USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Med, Portland, OR USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Portland, OR USA. DSM Nutr Ltd, Basel, Switzerland. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Schepens Eye Res Inst, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Program Neurosci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Johnson, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM elizabeth.johnson@tufts.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00163] NR 31 TC 114 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 EI 1552-5783 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 46 IS 2 BP 692 EP 702 DI 10.1167/iovs.02-1192 PG 11 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 890WP UT WOS:000226542100041 PM 15671301 ER PT J AU Stephensen, CB Marquis, GS Douglas, SD Wilson, CM AF Stephensen, CB Marquis, GS Douglas, SD Wilson, CM TI Immune activation and oxidative damage in HIV-positive and HIV-negative adolescents SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE oxidative stress; HIV; adolescent; acute-phase response; C-reactive protein; ceruloplasmin; neopterin; female; black; Hispanic; obesity; malondialdehyde; protein carbonyl ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SERUM MALONDIALDEHYDE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; INFECTED PATIENTS; ANTIOXIDANT MICRONUTRIENTS; PLASMA MALONDIALDEHYDE; SEROPOSITIVE CHILDREN; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; VITAMIN-E AB In a cross-sectional study involving subjects from the Reaching for Excellence in Adolescent Health cohort, we examined the associations between HIV status, disease severity, immune activation, and oxidative damage. Subjects (265 HIV-positive and 127 HIV-negative) were young (range: 14-23 years of age) and primarily female (75%) and black (67%). Many subjects, particularly female subjects, were overweight or obese. Relatively few HIV-positive subjects had advanced HIV disease (13%), and 54% were taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). The 2 markers of oxidative damage used in this study (plasma malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl concentrations) did not correlate with each other, and neither was higher in HIV-positive subjects than in HIV-negative controls. Increased oxidative damage was seen in association with male gender, cigarette smoking, marijuana use, immune activation (as indicated by activated CD8(+) T-cell counts and plasma C-reactive protein concentration), and use of ART, however. Plasma ceruloplasmin was associated with decreased oxidative damage in HIV-positive subjects, although this association was not seen in those taking ART. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA USA. Univ Penn, Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Sch Med, Div Allergy & Immunol,Joseph Stokes Jr Res Inst,D, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Pediat & Med, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Stephensen, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cstephensen@ucdavis.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI46183]; NICHD NIH HHS [U01-HD32830] NR 41 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 2 BP 180 EP 190 DI 10.1097/00126334-200502010-00009 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 893RL UT WOS:000226736800009 PM 15671803 ER PT J AU Dunn, JR Kaneene, JB Grooms, DL Bolin, SR Bolin, CA Bruning-Fann, CS AF Dunn, JR Kaneene, JB Grooms, DL Bolin, SR Bolin, CA Bruning-Fann, CS TI Effects of positive results for Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis as determined by microbial culture of feces or antibody ELISA on results of caudal fold tuberculin test and interferon-gamma assay for tuberculosis in cattle SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 83rd Annual Conference on Research Workers in Animal Diseases CY NOV, 2002 CL St Louis, MO ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; FECAL CULTURE; JOHNES-DISEASE; DIAGNOSIS; INFECTIONS; ANTIGENS; MICHIGAN; HERDS AB Objective-To determine whether cattle testing positive for Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis as determined by microbial culture of feces or antibody ELISA were more likely to have false-positive responses on the caudal fold tuberculin (CFT) test or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) assay for Mycobacterium bovis than cattle testing negative for M paratuberculosis. Animals-1,043 cattle from 10 herds in Michigan. Procedure-Feces and blood samples for plasma were collected from cattle less than or equal to 24 months old on the day the CIFT test was read. Fecal samples were submitted for microbial culture for M Para tuberculosis. Plasma samples were tested for antibody against M paratuberculosis, and IFN-gamma after stimulation with purified protein derivative tuberculin from M bovis or M avium. Results-Of 1,043 cattle, 180 (173%) had positive CFT test results (suspects) and 8 (0.8%) had positive IFN-gamma assay results after stimulation with purified protein derivative tuberculin from M bovis. Forty-five (4.3%) and 115 (11.0%) cattle tested positive for M paratuberculosis as determined by microbial culture of feces and antibody ELISA, respectively. Cattle with positive responses for M paratuberculosis appeared to have an increased likelihood of false-positive results on the CFT test, although this association was not significant. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-No significant association was detected among cattle testing positive for M paratuberculosis as determined by microbial culture of feces and antibody ELISA and positive CFT test and IFN-gamma assay results for M bovis. C1 Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Populat Med Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Kaneene, JB (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Populat Med Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 226 IS 3 BP 429 EP 435 DI 10.2460/javma.2005.226.429 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 891DE UT WOS:000226560700029 PM 15702695 ER PT J AU Taylor, JB Finley, JW Caton, JS AF Taylor, JB Finley, JW Caton, JS TI Effect of the chemical form of supranutritional selenium on selenium load and selenoprotein activities in virgin, pregnant, and lactating rats SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE reproduction; selenium; selenocystine; selenomethionine; supranutritional; thioredoxin reductase ID THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; DIETARY METHIONINE; TISSUE SELENIUM; METABOLISM; SELENOMETHIONINE; SELENOCYSTEINE; ACCUMULATION; SULFORAPHANE; ACIDS AB Virgin, pregnant, and lactating rats were used to assess the influence of selenomethionine and selenocystine, fed at four to seven times the daily Se requirement (supranutritional), on Se load and selenoprotein activities. Female Sprague Dawley rats (n = 48; age = 13 wk), reared on a low-Se torula yeast diet, were assigned to one of three reproductive states (n = 16 per reproductive state) to occur simultaneously: virgin, pregnant, and lactating. Once reproductive state was achieved, rats were fed (ad libitum) either L-selenomethionine (n = 24) or L-selenocystine (n = 24) diets providing 2.0 mu g Se/g of diet (as-fed basis) for 18 d, and then killed. Lactating rats consuming selenomethionine had the greatest Se concentration in the brain, with pregnant rats being intermediate, and virgin rats having the least (P < 0.02). When selenocystine was fed, the concentration of Se in the brain was greater (P = 0.008) in lactating rats, but not different (P = 0.34) between pregnant and virgin rats. Selenium concentrations in the heart, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, plasma, placenta, uterus, and fetus were greatest (P < 0.001) in rats consuming selenomethionine. Brain, kidney, and liver thioredoxin reductase, and brain, erythrocyte, kidney, and liver glutathione peroxidase activities did not differ (P = 0.13 to P = 0.85) between Se treatments. Lactating rats exhibited the greatest (P < 0.006) Se concentration in the heart, lung, muscle, plasma, and spleen compared with pregnant and virgin rats. Thioredoxin reductase was greatest (P < 0.004) in the brain of pregnant rats, greatest (P < 0.004) in the liver of lactating rats, and greater (P < 0.03) in the kidney of lactating and pregnant vs. virgin rats. Regardless of reproductive state, supranutritional Se (2.0 mu g/g of diet) fed as selenocystine resulted in less Se load, and when fed as selenomethionine, was equally available for thioredoxin reductase synthesis as the Se in selenocystine. Independent of dietary Se chemical form, thioredoxin reductase activity was responsive to reproductive state. C1 USDA, ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Taylor, JB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, HC 62,Box 22010, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. EM btaylor@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 83 IS 2 BP 422 EP 429 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019OK UT WOS:000235846400017 PM 15644515 ER PT J AU Realini, CE Duckett, SK Hill, NS Hoveland, CS Lyon, BG Sackmann, JR Gillis, MH AF Realini, CE Duckett, SK Hill, NS Hoveland, CS Lyon, BG Sackmann, JR Gillis, MH TI Effect of endophyte type on carcass traits, meat quality, and fatty acid composition of beef cattle grazing tall fescue SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef quality; ergot alkaloids; tall fescue ID CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; ALKALOID-PRODUCING ENDOPHYTES; HIGH-ENERGY DIET; COLLAGEN SOLUBILITY; INTRAMUSCULAR FAT; FINISHING DIETS; HEAT EXPOSURE; CORN-OIL; STEERS; PALATABILITY AB Fourteen Hereford steers were used to compare carcass traits, meat quality, and fatty acid composition of beef from cattle grazing tall fescue infected with either wild-type (E+; n = 6) or novel, nil ergot alkaloid (AR542; n = 8) endophyte for 209 d. Average daily gain, live weight, and HCW were greater (P < 0.05) for AR542 cattle than for E+. No differences in LM color or pH were observed between AR542 and E+. Steaks from E+ cattle tended (P = 0.10) to have higher L* and b* than those from AR542 cattle at 0 d of display. Ground beef from E+ cattle also had higher (P < 0.05) L* than AR542 cattle, with no differences in a* or b* at 0 d of display. Color changes during display did not differ for both steaks and ground beef from E+ and AR542. Lipid oxidation levels increased (P < 0.05) during simulated retail display, but they did not differ between endophyte treatments. Adipose tissues from E+ cattle had a higher (P < 0.05) percentage of SFA, and a lower (P < 0.05) percentage of MUFA than adipose from AR542 cattle. Ground beef and i.m. fat had higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of SFA, MUFA, and cis-9, trans-11 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid, and lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of PUFA and PUFA:SFA ratio than s.c. fat. The n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio did not differ among fat depots. Ergot-alkaloids were detected in s.c. adipose tissues, and alkaloid concentration was greater (P < 0.05) for E+ than AR542. Warner-Bratzler shear force values did not differ between endophyte types, but it decreased (P < 0.01) across the postmortem aging period. Conversely, sensory panel evaluation detected greater (P < 0.01) chewiness and lower (P < 0.05) juiciness for AR542 than for E+ steaks aged for 14 d. Although grazing cattle on tall fescue pastures infected with nil ergot alkaloid endophyte improved cattle performance, these results suggest that endophyte type has minor effects on carcass traits and meat quality of pasture-fed beef. Moreover, finishing cattle on tall fescue pastures showed the potential to enhance the fatty acid profile of beef from a human health perspective. Alkaloid concentration was greater (P < 0.05) in s.c. fat from E+ than AR542 (2.81 vs. 0.92 ppb; fresh-tissue basis). This is the first published report demonstrating the presence of alkaloids in beef tissues. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Duckett, SK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM sduckett@uga.edu NR 43 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 83 IS 2 BP 430 EP 439 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019OK UT WOS:000235846400018 PM 15644516 ER PT J AU Alexander, BM Stobart, RH Russell, WC O'Rourke, KI Lewis, GS Logan, JR Duncan, JV Moss, GE AF Alexander, BM Stobart, RH Russell, WC O'Rourke, KI Lewis, GS Logan, JR Duncan, JV Moss, GE TI The incidence of genotypes at codon 171 of the prion protein gene (PRNP) in five breeds of sheep and production traits of ewes associated with those genotypes SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE codon 171; genotype; productivity; scrapie; sheep ID NATURAL SCRAPIE; PRP GENE; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Scrapie is one of several transmissible spongiform encephalopathies of livestock. Disease susceptibility is linked to polymorphisms in the normal prion protein gene that encodes the mammalian prion precursor. Codon 171 of this gene is a major determinant of scrapie susceptibility. Selection for arginine (R) at codon 171 is encouraged by the USDA to decrease the incidence of scrapie. Objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of R allele variants at codon 171 in a sample of sheep from five breeds (Columbia, Hampshire, Rambouillet, Suffolk, and Targhee) and western white-faced commercial ewes and to determine whether the R allele is associated with ewe and lamb production traits. Genotyping was performed on 532 ewes and 901 lambs from the University of Wyoming Hock, in addition to 820 rams from 52 sheep producers from Wyoming and surrounding areas, using a DNA mismatch assay that discriminated the R allele from others at codon 171. Genotyping was performed by DNA sequencing on 127 rams representing all breeds, except Hampshire from the USDA Sheep Experiment Station at Dubois, ID. The 171R allele was found in all five breeds and in the commercial western white-faced ewes. Genotype frequencies varied (P < 0.001) by breed in ewe and ram populations. Influence of R-allele frequency on ewe lambing records and individual lamb records was analyzed for Columbia (62, 161, 121), Hampshire (89, 193, 162), Rambouillet (87, 179, 133), Suffolk (67, 178, 161), and commercial sheep (227, 463, 324) for numbers of ewes, total number of ewe production records, and individual lamb records, respectively. Suffolk ewes without the R allele (non-R/non-R) gave birth to more (P < 0.005) multiple lambs than heterozygous non-R/R ewes. Homozygous non-R/non-R Suffolk ewes weaned lighter (P = 0.02) individual lambs but more (P = 0.03) total weight of lamb than heterozygous non-R/R ewes. Although ewes genotyped homozygous non-R/non-R or heterozygous non-R/R at codon 171 from the commercial flock gave birth to more (P <= 0.002) multiple lambs than ewes genotyped R/R, differences were not detected (P = 0.14) in total weight of lamb weaned. Production traits of Columbia, Hampshire, and Rambouillet ewes did not differ (P >= 0.08) by ewe genotype. Lamb birth and weaning weights were not influenced (P >= 0.12) by lamb genotype in any of the breeds or in the commercial flock. In this population, ultimate lamb production was only influenced by genotype at codon 171 in the Suffolk flock. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Anim Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. Wyoming Livestock Board, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Casper, WY 82604 USA. RP Alexander, BM (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Anim Sci, POB 3684, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM balex@uwyo.edu NR 13 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 83 IS 2 BP 455 EP 459 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019OK UT WOS:000235846400021 PM 15644519 ER PT J AU Obeidat, BS Strickland, JR Vogt, ML Taylor, JB Krehbiel, CR Remmenga, MD Clayshulte-Ashley, AK Whittet, KM Hallford, DM Hernandez, JA AF Obeidat, BS Strickland, JR Vogt, ML Taylor, JB Krehbiel, CR Remmenga, MD Clayshulte-Ashley, AK Whittet, KM Hallford, DM Hernandez, JA TI Effects of locoweed on serum swainsonine and selected serum constituents in sheep during acute and subacute oral/intraruminal exposure SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acute exposure; locoweed; sheep; subacute exposure; swainsonine ID OXYTROPIS-SERICEA; ASTRAGALUS-LENTIGINOSUS; INDOLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS; ALPHA-MANNOSIDASE; TOXICOSIS; CATTLE; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; GLYCOPROTEINS; CONSUMPTION; LOCOISM AB A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of acute and subacute locoweed exposure on serum swainsonine concentrations and selected serum constituents in sheep. Thirteen mixed-breed wethers (BW = 47.5 +/- 9.3 kg) were assigned randomly to 0.2, 0.4, or 0.8 mg of swainsonine-kg BW(-1.)d(-1) treatments. During acute (24 h) and subacute (19 d) exposure, serum swainsonine was detected in all treatments and was greatest (P < 0.03) in the 0.8 mg treatment. Serum alkaline phosphate (ALK-P) activity was increased (P < 0.01) for the 0.8 mg treatment compared with baseline (0 h) by 7 h and continued to increase throughout the initial 22 h following acute exposure to locoweed. A linear increase (P < 0.01) in serum ALK-P activity was noted, with the rate being 3.00 +/- 0.56 U(.)L(-1.)h(-1). Serum ALK-P activity was increased (P < 0.05) across treatments on d 7 over d -19, -12, 0, 1, 21, and 26; on d 14 over d -19, -12, 0, and 26; and on d 19 over d -19, -12, 0, 1, 21, and 26. By d 20, approximately 48 h after last exposure to swainsonine, serum ALK-P activities were no longer different (P = 0.13) than baseline (d -19, -12, and 0), and by d 26 values had generally returned to baseline. No linear (P = 0.98), quadratic (P = 0.63), or cubic effects of swainsonine with time from exposure were noted for serum aspartate aminotransferase. Similar to serum ALK-P activities, serum aspartate aminotransferase activities were increased (P < 0.05) across treatment levels on d 7, 14, 19, 20, 21, and 26 over those on d -19, -12, 0, and 1. Total serum Fe was decreased (P < 0.05) within the initial 22 h following the swainsonine exposure. On d 21 (48 h after swainsonine feeding ended), serum Fe increased to 472 mg/L. Concentrations of ceruloplasmin were lower (P < 0.10) on d 14 and 19 following exposure to locoweed. Recovery of ceruloplasmin levels coincided with similar changes in serum Fe. There was a linear (slope = 0.33 mg(.)dL(-1.)d(-1); P < 0.01) effect with time of exposure to locoweed (i.e., swainsonine) on serum triglyceride concentrations. Rapid changes in serum ALK-P and Fe concentrations without parallel changes in other damage markers indicate that acute exposure to swainsonine induces metabolic changes that may impair animal production and health before events of cytotoxicity thought to induce clinical manifestation of locoism. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA, ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. USDA ARS, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Strickland, JR (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, N-220F Ag Sci N,UK Campus, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jstrickland@ars.usda.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM08136-27] NR 33 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 83 IS 2 BP 466 EP 477 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019OK UT WOS:000235846400023 PM 15644521 ER PT J AU Stephens, PA Buskirk, SW Hayward, GD Del Rio, CM AF Stephens, PA Buskirk, SW Hayward, GD Del Rio, CM TI Information theory and hypothesis testing: a call for pluralism SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AIC; likelihood; model selection; significance; statistical analysis ID NULL HYPOTHESIS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; SELECTION; HABITAT; REGRESSION; INFERENCE; POWER; TIME AB 1. A major paradigm shift is occurring in the approach of ecologists to statistical analysis. The use of the traditional approach of null-hypothesis testing has been questioned and an alternative, model selection by information-theoretic methods, has been strongly promoted and is now widely used. For certain types of analysis, information-theoretic approaches offer powerful and compelling advantages over null-hypothesis testing. 2. The benefits of information-theoretic methods are often framed as criticisms of null-hypothesis testing. We argue that many of these criticisms are neither irremediable nor always fair. Many are criticisms of the paradigm's application, rather than of its formulation. Information-theoretic methods are equally vulnerable to many such misuses. Care must be taken in the use of either approach but users of null-hypothesis tests, in particular, must greatly improve standards of reporting and interpretation. 3. Recent critiques have suggested that the distinction between experimental and observational studies defines the limits of the utility of null-hypothesis testing (with the paradigm being applicable to the former but not the latter). However, we believe that there are many situations in which observational data are collected that lend themselves to analysis under the null-hypothesis testing paradigm. We suggest that the applicability of the two analytical paradigms is more accurately defined by studies that assess univariate causality (when null-hypothesis testing is adequate) and those that assess multivariate patterns of causality (when information-theoretic methods are more suitable). 4. Synthesis and applications. Many ecologists are confused about the circumstances under which different inferential paradigms might apply. We address some of the major criticisms of the null-hypothesis testing paradigm, assess those criticisms in relation to the information-theoretic paradigm, propose methods for improving the use of null-hypothesis testing, and discuss situations in which the use of null-hypothesis testing would be appropriate. We urge instructors and practitioners of statistical methods to heighten awareness of the limitations of null-hypothesis testing and to use information-theoretic methods whenever prior evidence suggests that multiple research hypotheses are plausible. We contend, however, that by marginalizing the use of null-hypothesis testing, ecologists risk rejecting a powerful, informative and well-established analytical tool. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Stephens, PA (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Math, Univ Walk, Bristol BS8 1TW, Avon, England. EM Philip.Stephens@bristol.ac.uk RI Stephens, Philip/B-8397-2008; Buskirk, Steven/K-2871-2016 OI Stephens, Philip/0000-0001-5849-788X; Buskirk, Steven/0000-0003-0611-6648 NR 42 TC 195 Z9 203 U1 3 U2 68 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 42 IS 1 BP 4 EP 12 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01002.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 899VZ UT WOS:000227175200002 ER PT J AU Mielnick, P Dugas, WA Mitchell, K Havstad, K AF Mielnick, P Dugas, WA Mitchell, K Havstad, K TI Long-term measurements of CO2 flux and evapotranspiration in a Chihuahuan desert grassland SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE CO2 flux; evapotranspiration; desert grassland; Bouteloua eriopoda; carbon exchange ID CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; BOWEN-RATIO; DESERTIFICATION; NORTHERN; CHAMBER; WATER; ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION AB We measured CO2 and evapotranspiration (ET) fluxes above a Chihuahuan desert grassland from 1996 through 2001. Averaged across six years, this ecosystem was a source (positive flux) of CO2 in every month. Over that period, sustained periods of carbon uptake (negative flux) were rare. Averaged across all months, we estimated that CO, was being released into the atmosphere at a rate of + 1.5g CO2 m(-2) d(-1) (+0.40g Cm(-2)d(-1)) or divided by 533g CO2 m(-2) yr(-1) (+ 145.3 g Cm-2 yr(-1)). Average ET was 299 min yr(-1) with a monthly range of 0.15 mm d(-1) in December to 2.15 mm d(-1) in August. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Mielnick, P (reprint author), Blackland Res Ctr, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM mielnick@brc.tamus.edu NR 35 TC 56 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 60 IS 3 BP 423 EP 436 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.06.001 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 889PN UT WOS:000226455000005 ER PT J AU Northup, BK Dias, CD Brown, JR Skelly, WC AF Northup, BK Dias, CD Brown, JR Skelly, WC TI Micro-patch and community scale spatial distribution of herbaceous cover in a grazed eucalypt woodland SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE geostatistics; grazing impacts; landscape ecology; spatial dynamics ID NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; LANDSCAPES; VEGETATION; RANGELANDS; PATTERNS; QUALITY; GRASSES; STATE; YIELD AB This study described changes in spatial distribution of herbaceous cover in experimental paddocks in a eucalypt woodland of northern Australia after 5 years of different grazing pressures and drought. Herbaceous cover was irregularly distributed with high cover zones in distinct bands across slopes on paddocks in stable and degrading condition, and irregular patches in a degraded paddock. Size and density of these zones declined with paddock condition, as native perennial tussock grasses were lost and replaced by an exotic stoloniferous grass. Describing disturbance responses of herbaceous cover in this community requires sampling at multiple spatial scales. Crown Copyright (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CSIRO, Trop Agr, Davies Lab, PMB, Aitkenvale, Qld 4814, Australia. James Cook Univ N Queensland, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. USDA, NRCS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Minist Hlth, Safety Regulat Branch, Wellington, New Zealand. USDA ARS, Grazingland Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Northup, BK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazingland Res Lab, 7207W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM bnorthup@grl.ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 60 IS 3 BP 509 EP 530 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.05.001 PG 22 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 889PN UT WOS:000226455000009 ER PT J AU Folgarait, PJ Bruzzone, O Porter, SD Pesquero, MA Gilbert, LE AF Folgarait, PJ Bruzzone, O Porter, SD Pesquero, MA Gilbert, LE TI Biogeography and macroecology of phorid flies that attack fire ants in south-eastern Brazil and Argentina SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE biological control; black fire ants; climate; geographical distribution; parasitoids; phytogeography; Pseudacteon; Rapoport's rule; red fire ants; species richness ID FLY PSEUDACTEON-CURVATUS; ICHNEUMONID SPECIES-RICHNESS; LATITUDINAL GRADIENTS; RAPOPORTS RULE; HOST-SPECIFICITY; PARASITOIDS DIPTERA; PATTERNS; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; DIVERSITY AB Aim Saevissima group fire ants, Solenopsis richteri and S. invicta, have become serious pests when introduced from Argentina and Brazil to other continents. In South America, Solenopsis are distributed across a great variety of habitats and climates. In North America, S. invicta, introduced free of phorids, now ranges from coast to coast in the south. Success in introducing particular Pseudacteon as agents for the biological control of fire ants has varied across climatic zones. We aimed at assembling all the information about fire ant phorids from Argentina and Brazil, to estimate their richness and geographical ranges, to perform a climatic analysis for these distributions, to define groups and climate-based communities, and to test and elucidate Rapoport's biogeographical rule. Location Argentina and Brazil (South America). Methods From field and museum collections and historical records, we developed a database of fire ant-specific phorids throughout their known geographical range. A total of 123 sites with values for 15 climatic variables were mapped between 10degrees and 38degrees SL and between 35degrees and 65degrees C WL for the presence/absence of phorids. We calculated species richness across all sites combined, and for each phytogeographical region, using rarefaction curves, and ICE and Mmean estimators. We calculated mid-latitudinal points, geographical ranges and areas for each species. The correlation between mid-latitudinal point and ranges/areas was tested against a null model generated from the randomization of the raw distributional data. We used several types of multivariate analyses to distinguish groups of phorids by phytogeographical regions, hosts and climate, to find gradients of climate throughout the studied area, to define phorid communities in terms of their relationships with gradients of climate, and to test a mechanism for Rapoport's rule. Results Richness estimations using ICE and Mmean estimators were similar or higher than the observed values depending on the phytogeographical region. Cluster multivariate analyses based on climatic, phytogeographic and host data revealed distinct groupings of Pseudacton. The 'cerrado' group was confined to tropical savanna areas. A more 'widespread' group included 'Chaco' and 'Maritime' subgroups defined by their respective association with extreme temperatures or precipitation. Ordination multivariate analyses showed (1) two climatic gradients throughout the study area: one of temperature and the other of precipitation, and (2) that climatic variables significantly explained the observed assemblages of phorids. Positive and negative signs of the eigenvalues from the main axes of a canonical correspondence analysis allowed us to define eight communities whose geographical distribution resembled that of phytogeographical regions. We found a significant and positive correlation between geographical areas and mid latitudinal points, and furthermore, the Mantel test based on climatic variables suggested a mechanism for Rapoport's rule applying in the case of Pseudacteon. Main conclusions Pseudacteon species with greater mid-latitudinal points occupy broader geographical areas and confront more stressful environmental conditions. Because the composition of Pseudacteon communities is largely determined by climatic variables, the correspondence between climates at sites of origin vs. sites of release should be an important consideration in choosing specific phorids for biocontrol efforts. C1 Univ Nacl Quilmes, Ctr Estudios & Invest, RA-1876 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, BR-13560 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Brackenridge Field Lab, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Folgarait, PJ (reprint author), Univ Nacl Quilmes, Ctr Estudios & Invest, Roque Saenz,Pena 180, RA-1876 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM pfolgarait@unq.edu.ar NR 67 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 32 IS 2 BP 353 EP 367 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01177.x PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 889WA UT WOS:000226472300015 ER PT J AU Smith, SM Wastney, ME O'Brien, K Morukov, BV Larina, IM Abrams, SA Davis-Street, JE Oganov, V Shackelford, LC AF Smith, SM Wastney, ME O'Brien, K Morukov, BV Larina, IM Abrams, SA Davis-Street, JE Oganov, V Shackelford, LC TI Bone markers, calcium metabolism, and calcium kinetics during extended-duration space flight on the Mir space station SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE weightlessness; calcium absorption; mathematical modeling; stable isotopes; microgravity ID BED-REST; EXCRETION; WEIGHTLESSNESS; COUNTERMEASURE; SPACEFLIGHT; ABSORPTION; RESORPTION; COSMONAUTS; TURNOVER; EXERCISE AB Bone loss is a current limitation for long-term space exploration. Bone markers, calcitropic hormones, and calcium kinetics of crew members on space missions of 4-6 months were evaluated. Spaceflight-induced bone loss was associated with increased bone resorption and decreased calcium absorption. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Human Adaptat & Countermeasures Off, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Metab Modeling Serv Inc, Hamilton, New Zealand. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Div Human Nutr, Baltimore, MD USA. Inst Biomed Problems, Moscow, Russia. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Enterprise Advisory Serv Inc, Houston, TX USA. RP Smith, SM (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Human Adaptat & Countermeasures Off, SK3, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM scott.m.smith@nasa.gov OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 38 TC 108 Z9 122 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 20 IS 2 BP 208 EP 218 DI 10.1359/JBMR.041105 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 889RT UT WOS:000226460800005 PM 15647814 ER PT J AU Goussous, R Song, LY Dallal, GE Dawson-Hughes, B AF Goussous, R Song, LY Dallal, GE Dawson-Hughes, B TI Lack of effect of calcium intake on the 25-hydroxyvitamin D response to oral vitamin D(3) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID SERUM-LEVELS; ABSORPTION; MEN; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3; SUPPLEMENTATION AB This study was conducted to examine the effect of calcium intake on the rise in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in response to supplemental vitamin D(3). Fifty-two healthy older men and women were randomly assigned to take calcium (500 mg twice daily with meals) or placebo tablets for 90 d between October I and the end of March. All participants were placed on 800 IU/d (20 mug/d) vitamin D(3). Serum 25(OH)D measurements were made at baseline and on d 30,60, and 90. The mean baseline 25(OH)D values were 19.2 +/- 6.4 ng/ml (47.9 +/- 15.9 nmol/liter) in the calcium group and 19.6 +/- 6.7 ng/ml (49.1 +/- 16.7 nmol/liter) in the control group (P = 0.808). The difference in pattern of change in 25(OH)D was not statistically significant (group by time interaction,P = 0.651); the calcium group increased 6.5 +/- 5.9 ng/ml (16.2 +/- 14.8 nmol/liter; P < 0.001), and the control group increased 6.6 +/- 7.0 ng/ml (16.6 +/- 17.4 nmol/liter; P < 0.001). The 95% confidence interval for difference in mean increase, calcium vs. control, was -3.8 +/- 3.5 ng/ml (-9.6,8.7) nmol/liter. In older men and women, the level of calcium intake, within the range of 500-1500 mg/d, does not have an important effect on the rise in serum 25(OH)D that occurs in response to 800 IU (20 mug)/d vitamin D(3). C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Bone Metab Lab Jean Mayer, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Tufts New England Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Dawson-Hughes, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Bone Metab Lab Jean Mayer, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM bess.dawson-hughes@tufts.edu NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 90 IS 2 BP 707 EP 711 DI 10.1210/jc.2004-1380 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 895HD UT WOS:000226850700016 PM 15562015 ER PT J AU Tumpey, TM Alvarez, R Swayne, DE Suarez, DL AF Tumpey, TM Alvarez, R Swayne, DE Suarez, DL TI Diagnostic approach for differentiating infected from vaccinated poultry on the basis of antibodies to NS1, the nonstructural protein of influenza A virus SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA; LIVE BIRD MARKETS; ANIMALS STRATEGY; UNITED-STATES; CHICKENS; EVOLUTION; EFFICACY; GENES; HEMAGGLUTININ; INTERFERON AB Vaccination programs for the control of avian influenza (AI) in poultry have limitations due to the problem of differentiating between vaccinated and virus-infected birds. We have used NS1, the conserved nonstructural protein of influenza A virus, as a differential diagnostic marker for influenza virus infection. Experimentally infected poultry were evaluated for the ability to induce antibodies reactive to NS1 recombinant protein produced in Escherichia coli or to chemically synthesized NS1 peptides. Immune sera were obtained from chickens and turkeys inoculated with live At virus, inactivated purified vaccines, or inactivated commercial vaccines. Seroconversion to positivity for antibodies to the NS1 protein was achieved in birds experimentally infected with multiple subtypes of influenza A virus, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis. In contrast, animals inoculated with inactivated gradient-purified vaccines had no seroconversion to positivity for antibodies to the NS1 protein, and animals vaccinated with commercial vaccines had low, but detectable, levels of NS1 antibodies. The use of a second ELISA with diluted sera identified a diagnostic test that results in seropositivity for antibodies to the NS1 protein only in infected birds. For the field application phase of this study, serum samples were collected from vaccinated and infected poultry, diluted, and screened for anti-NS1 antibodies. Field sera from poultry that received commercial At vaccines were found to possess antibodies against AI virus, as measured by the standard agar gel precipitin (AGP) test, but they were negative by the NS1 ELISA. Conversely, diluted field sera from AI-infected poultry were positive for both AGP and NS1 antibodies. These results demonstrate the potential benefit of a simple, specific ELISA for anti-NS1 antibodies that may have diagnostic value for the poultry industries. C1 USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, ARS, Athens, GA USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Tumpey, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, DVRD, NCID, Mail Stop G-16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tft9@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 69 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 43 IS 2 BP 676 EP 683 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.2.676-683.2005 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 897ZO UT WOS:000227045600023 PM 15695663 ER PT J AU Funk, ND Tabatabai, LB Elzer, PH Hagius, SD Martin, BM Hoffman, LJ AF Funk, ND Tabatabai, LB Elzer, PH Hagius, SD Martin, BM Hoffman, LJ TI Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Brucella melitensis-specific antibodies in goat milk SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABORTUS; DIAGNOSIS; TESTS AB Brucella melitensis is the cause of brucellosis in sheep and goats, which often results in abortion. Few cases of B. melitensis infection in goats have occurred in the United States over the last 25 years. However, vigilance must be maintained, as it is for the bovine milk industry, to ensure that brucellosis is not introduced into the U.S. goat population. The objective of this study was to develop a sensitive and specific indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) for the detection of B. melitensis-specific antibodies in goat milk. Brucella salt-extractable protein extract was employed as an antigen, and a horseradish peroxidase-labeled polyclonal anti-goat antibody was used as an anti-species conjugate. Thirteen of 13 (100%) individual infected goat milk samples tested positive and 134 of 134 (100%) uninfected bulk milk samples tested negative by the developed iELISA. Three positive milk samples with high, medium, and low absorbance values were used to simulate one positive animal in an otherwise negative herd. By this estimation, one high-titer animal could be detected in a herd of >1,600 animals. Detection estimates for medium- and low-titer animals were one positive animal per herd of <200 and 50 animals, respectively. Based on this estimation, it is recommended that herds be sampled in groups of 50 animals or less for bulk milk testing. The iELISA developed for this study was found to be sensitive and specific and shows potential for use as a bulk milk test for the detection of B. melitensis-specific antibodies in goat milk. C1 USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Vet Diagnost Lab, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ag Ctr, Dept Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Martin, BM (reprint author), USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, 1800 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Barbara.M.Martin@aphis.usda.gov NR 23 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 43 IS 2 BP 721 EP 725 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.2.721-725.2005 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 897ZO UT WOS:000227045600030 PM 15695670 ER PT J AU Sutton, DA Thompson, EH Rinaldi, MG Iwen, PC Nakasone, KK Jung, HS Rosenblatt, HM Paul, ME AF Sutton, DA Thompson, EH Rinaldi, MG Iwen, PC Nakasone, KK Jung, HS Rosenblatt, HM Paul, ME TI Identification and first report of Inonotus (Phellinus) tropicalis as an etiologic agent in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUNGUS SCHIZOPHYLLUM-COMMUNE; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; SPOROTRICHUM-PRUINOSUM; DISSEMINATED INFECTION; PULMONARY INFECTION; MAXILLARY SINUS; GENUS PHELLINUS; RIBOSOMAL DNA; HORMOGRAPHIELLA; OSTEOMYELITIS AB Although isolates of filamentous basidiomycetes can usually be recognized in a clinical laboratory setting, identification is problematic, as they seldom exhibit diagnostic morphological features formed in nature. This paper is the first report of Inonotus (Phellinus) tropicalis inciting human disease and describes the methods used to support the identification. C1 Univ Texas, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Audie L Murphy Div, San Antonio, TX USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Omaha, NE USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Seoul, South Korea. RP Sutton, DA (reprint author), Univ Texas, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM suttond@uthscsa.edu NR 63 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 43 IS 2 BP 982 EP 987 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.2.982-987.2005 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 897ZO UT WOS:000227045600084 PM 15695724 ER PT J AU Norman, HD VanRaden, PM Powell, RL Wright, JR VerBoort, WR AF Norman, HD VanRaden, PM Powell, RL Wright, JR VerBoort, WR TI Effectiveness of national and regional sire evaluations in predicting future-daughter milk yield SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE regional evaluation; genetic evaluation; yield prediction; genotype-environment interaction ID MATERNAL GRANDSIRES; UNITED-STATES; LACTATIONS; CONVERSION; ACCURACY; RECORDS; MERIT; COWS AB National and regional bull evaluations were compared for ability to predict standardized milk yield of future daughters. Correlations between evaluations and first-, second-, and third-parity yields of future daughters were calculated within herd-year-month group. Mean correlations with predicted yield of future daughters across the United States were higher for national (0.109, 0.111, and 0.082 for first, second, and third parities, respectively) than for Northeast (0.098, 0.085, and 0.061) Holstein evaluations; corresponding correlations for future Northeast daughters were similar. Bull evaluations based on the first 5 parities of daughters that first calved through 1991 from either California, North Central, Northeast, or Southeast regions as well as from the entire United States were compared with standardized milk yields of daughters that calved later. Correlations with first-, second-, and third-parity yields of future daughters were higher ( from 0.001 to 0.011) for national than for regional evaluations. National evaluations were better predictors of future-daughter yield, especially for California and the Southeast. Evaluations based on only first parity were slightly better than those based on the first 5 parities in predicting first- parity yield for 3 of 4 regions but were far less useful in predicting second- or third-parity yield regardless of region. Regional evaluations included fewer bulls because of limited numbers of daughters in each region. The top 100 bulls for genetic merit for milk yield based on regional rankings were inferior to the top 100 bulls based on national ranking by 25 to 173 kg. Reliance on regional rather than national evaluations would reduce current US genetic gains. C1 ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Calif Dairy Herd Improvement Assoc, Clovis, CA 93612 USA. RP Norman, HD (reprint author), ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dnorman@aipl.arsusda.gov NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 88 IS 2 BP 812 EP 826 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 892QQ UT WOS:000226665500042 PM 15653549 ER PT J AU Worrall, JJ Lee, TD Harrington, TC AF Worrall, JJ Lee, TD Harrington, TC TI Forest dynamics and agents that initiate and expand canopy gaps in Picea-Abies forests of Crawford Notch, New Hampshire, USA SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disturbance; gap dynamics; gap-phase processes; root disease; spruce beetle ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; SUB-ALPINE FORESTS; SPRUCE-FIR FORESTS; RED SPRUCE; WHITE MOUNTAINS; BALSAM FIR; NATURAL DISTURBANCE; GROWTH DECLINE; ROT FUNGI; VEGETATION AB 1 Data from elevations ranging from mixed hardwood-conifer forest at 600 m to subalpine Abies balsamea forest at 1120 m indicate that canopy gaps are not static but expand over time due to mortality of trees at the gap margin and coalescence of gaps. Gap expansion is more frequent than gap initiation. Ultimately such disturbance patches may become more extensive than is normally considered as typical of gap-phase disturbance, but the processes of development are the same. 2 Disturbance agents involved in gap initiation tend to differ from those involved in gap expansion. Spruce beetle, dwarf mistletoe and most root diseases predominate as agents of gap initiation, while windthrow/windsnap, chronic wind stress and Armillaria root disease are important agents of gap expansion. 3 Concepts of equilibrium gap-phase dynamics and a shifting-mosaic steady state do not fully account for the dynamics of these spruce-fir forests. A spruce beetle outbreak in the late 1970s/early 1980s killed most of a cohort of dominant, emergent Picea rubens. This epidemic initiated a long-term cycle of disturbance and release that is likely to be repeated in many years when a new cohort of P. rubens becomes sufficiently large to sustain another major bark beetle outbreak. 4 Episodic disturbance agents affect long-lived, dominant species at infrequent but regular intervals (up to hundreds of years) and operate at the landscape level. Gap-phase cycles appear to be nested within the long-term cycle. Over the long term, episodic disturbance drives such 'nested bicycle' dynamics. 5 Spatial and temporal distribution of disturbance results not only from stochastic events such as storms, but also from host specificity of agents of disturbance, their tendency to attack certain age classes of trees, local and regional contagion, and susceptibility of trees at the edge of disturbance patches. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Gunnison, CO 81230 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Worrall, JJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 216 N Colorado St, Gunnison, CO 81230 USA. EM jworrall@fs.fed.us RI Worrall, James/G-9496-2011 NR 59 TC 77 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 93 IS 1 BP 178 EP 190 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2004.00937.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 888US UT WOS:000226400300017 ER PT J AU Auclair, AND Fowler, G Hennessey, MK Hogue, AT Keena, M Lance, DR McDowell, RM Oryang, DO Sawyer, AJ AF Auclair, AND Fowler, G Hennessey, MK Hogue, AT Keena, M Lance, DR McDowell, RM Oryang, DO Sawyer, AJ TI Assessment of the risk of introduction of Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) in municipal solid waste from the quarantine area of New York City to landfills outside of the quarantine area: A pathway analysis of the risk of spread and establishment SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anoplophora glabripennis; eradication; landfills; pathway analysis; wood waste AB The risk associated with spread of Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky), from infested areas in New York City to the wide array of landfills across the eastern United States contracted by the city since 1997 was unknown, but of great concern. Landfills, some as far as South Carolina, Virginia, and Ohio, occupied forest types and climates at high risk of Asian longhorned beetle establishment. The city proposed a separate waste wood collection known as the "311 System;" this was estimated to cost federal and state agencies $6.1 to $9.1 million per year, including the cost of processing and disposal of the wood. Pathway analysis was used to quantify the probability that Asian longhorned beetle present in wood waste collected at curbside would survive transport, compaction, and burial to form a mated pair. The study found that in seven alternate management scenarios, risks with most pathways are very low, especially given existing mitigations. Mitigations included chemical control, removal of infested trees, and burial of wood waste in managed landfills that involved multiple-layering, compaction, and capping of dumped waste with a 15-cm soil cover at the end of each day. Although the risk of business-as-usual collection and disposal practices was virtually nil, any changes of policy or practice such as illegal dumping or disposal at a single landfill increased the risk many thousandfold. By rigorously maintaining and monitoring existing mitigations, it was estimated that taxpayers would save $75 to $122 million dollars over the next decade. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Pest Epidemiol Risk Anal Lab,Unit 147, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Auclair, AND (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Pest Epidemiol Risk Anal Lab,Unit 147, 4700 River Rd, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 98 IS 1 BP 47 EP 60 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 894UC UT WOS:000226816100006 PM 15770756 ER PT J AU Levy, K Shelly, TE Yuval, B AF Levy, K Shelly, TE Yuval, B TI Effects of the olfactory environment and nutrition on the ability of male Mediterranean fruit flies to endure starvation SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sterile insect technique; Ceratitis; survival; nutrition; alpha-copaene ID STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; SUCCESS; WILD; COMPETITIVENESS; LONGEVITY; BEHAVIOR; DIET AB The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is targeted for control using the sterile insect technique (SIT). For this technique to succeed, released males must be able to compete with wild males for copulations. Male success is mediated by survival in the field often in adverse conditions. Manipulation of the postteneral environment experienced by sterile males before release has been shown to affect male sexual success and survival. The objectives of this study were to determine how various diets, combined with exposure to volatiles containing alpha-copaene, affect the ability of male Mediterranean fruit flies (from a wild and two unisexual strains) to withstand starvation. Accordingly, we maintained males on one of eight regimes combing a diet of either sugar, sugar and protein, a protein pulse or apricot, with or without the aroma of the sexual stimulant a-copaene. The apricot diet was associated with the lowest ability to resist starvation. The sugar-only diet was associated with the highest ability to resist starvation by sterile males. Exposure to alpha-copaene, in combination with the apricot diet, had a significant negative effect on the ability of males (from all strains) to resist starvation relative to other regimes examined. We conclude that the holding regimes that elicit the best sexual performance from males paradoxically also hasten their demise, probably by initiating an irreversible metabolic cascade. The search for the optimal prerelease regime continues. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Entomol, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. USDA, APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. RP Levy, K (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Entomol, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RI Yuval, Boaz/C-3447-2009 OI Yuval, Boaz/0000-0002-6864-3825 NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 98 IS 1 BP 61 EP 65 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 894UC UT WOS:000226816100007 PM 15765665 ER PT J AU Fleischer, SJ Harding, CL Blom, PE White, J Grehan, J AF Fleischer, SJ Harding, CL Blom, PE White, J Grehan, J TI Spodoptera frugiperda pheromone lures to avoid nontarget captures of Leucania phragmatidicola SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fall armyworm; Spodoptera frugiperda; Leucania phragmatidicola; pheromone; monitoring ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; SEX-PHEROMONE; SWEET CORN; NOCTUIDAE; TRAPS; IDENTIFICATION; ATTRACTANT; MOTHS; FIELD AB We confirmed that commercial three- or four-component Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) pheromone lures had a high nontarget capture rate for Leucania phragmatidicola Guenee, which compromised monitoring efforts in the northeastern United States. We compiled taxonomic features to distinguish L. phragmatidicola from S. frugiperda, and we compared five new lures. S. frugiperda catch specificity was improved by removing (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate (Z11-16:Ac), which attracted L. phragmatidicola. Four lures tracked late-season S. frugiperda immigration, but two of these lures also tracked a bivoltine L. phragmatidicola flight with a second generation coincident with S. frugiperda immigration, and one lure attracted the first, but not the second, generation of L. phragmatidicola. In both low- and high-moth flight conditions, two-component lures had low L. phragmatidicola captures (0.5-1.4%), and although lures with more pheromonal components captured more S. frugiperda, they also had a high percentage of capture of L. phragmatidicola (38-48%). We conclude that although two-component lures captured fewer S. frugiperda, their similar temporal pattern, along with the lower level of L. phragmatidicola, makes them useful for development for monitoring programs in the northeastern United States. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Naval Facil Engn Command, Lester, PA 19113 USA. USDA ARS, IAREC, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Scentry Biol Inc, Billings, MT 59102 USA. Buffalo Museum Sci, Buffalo, NY 14211 USA. RP Fleischer, SJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, 501 ASI Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM sjf4@psu.edu; christopher.l.hardin@navy.mil; pblom@wsu.edu; scentry@imt.net; jgrehan@sciencebuff.org NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 98 IS 1 BP 66 EP 71 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 894UC UT WOS:000226816100008 PM 15765666 ER PT J AU Gore, J Adamczyk, JJ Blanco, CA AF Gore, J Adamczyk, JJ Blanco, CA TI Selective feeding of tobacco budworm and bollworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) on meridic diet with different concentrations of Bacillus thuringiensis proteins SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE integrated pest management; insect behavior; Bollgard; Bollgard II ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LEPIDOPTERA; COTTONS EXPRESSING ONE; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; BT COTTONS; ZEA BODDIE; BERLINER; LARVAE; SURVIVAL; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH AB Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the behavior of bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), larvae on meridic diet with different concentrations of the Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki Berliner. The proteins used in these experiments are the ones in commercially available Bollgard and Bollgard II cotton. Both bollworms and tobacco budworms selectively fed on nontreated diet compared with diet treated with CrylAc. In addition, bollworms exhibited a concentration response with CrylAc. In general, bollworms selected diet with low concentrations of CrylAc compared with diet with higher concentrations of CrylAc. For Cry2Ab, the avoidance was not as prominent as that observed for CrylAc. Based on results from no-choice assays, the CrylAc and Cry2Ab concentrations used in choice assays represented a wide range of biological activity on both species. The lower concentrations provided low levels of mortality, whereas the higher concentrations provided high levels of mortality. Also, the developmental times of larvae were longer at higher concentrations of both proteins. These data provide important information about the behavioral response of key cotton pests to the B. thuringiensis proteins found in commercially available transgenic cotton. This information will be important to develop accurate scouting and management procedures for Bollgard and Bollgard 11 cotton. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Gore, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 98 IS 1 BP 88 EP 94 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 894UC UT WOS:000226816100011 PM 15765669 ER PT J AU Leskey, TC Hogmire, HW AF Leskey, TC Hogmire, HW TI Monitoring stink bugs (Hemiptera : Pentatomidae) in mid-Atlantic apple and peach orchards SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Euschistus servus; E. tristigmus; Acrosternum hilare; monitoring; insect traps ID EUSCHISTUS-SERVUS; PECAN ORCHARDS; HETEROPTERA; PLANTS AB Pyramid traps coated with "industrial safety yellow" exterior latex gloss enamel paint and baited with Euschistus spp. aggregation pheromone, methyl (2E,4Z)-decadienoate captured more stink bugs than all other baited and unbaited trap types in both apple and peach orchards in 2002 and 2003. Commercial sources of dispensers of methyl (2E,4Z) -decadienoate deployed in association with pyramid traps had a significant impact on trap captures. Captures in pyramid traps were four-fold greater when baited with lures from IPM Technologies, Inc. (Portland, OR) than with lures from Suterra (Bend, OR). Variation in yellow pyramid trap color ("industrial safety yellow" and "standard coroplast yellow") and material (plywood, plastic, and masonite) did not affect trap captures. Brown stink bug was the predominant species captured (58%), followed by dusky stink bug, Euschistus tristigmus (Say) (20%); green stink bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say) (14%); and other stink bugs (Brochymena spp. and unidentified nymphs) (8%). Captures in baited pyramid traps were significantly correlated with tree beating samples in both managed and unmanaged apple orchards and with sweep netting samples in the unmanaged apple orchard. However, problems associated with trapping mechanisms of pyramid trap jar tops and jar traps likely resulted in reduced captures in baited traps. Improved trapping mechanisms must be established to develop an effective monitoring tool for stink bugs in mid-Atlantic orchards. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. W Virginia Univ, Tree Fruit Res & Educ Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Leskey, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 20 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 98 IS 1 BP 143 EP 153 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 894UC UT WOS:000226816100018 PM 15765676 ER PT J AU Jackson, DM Sorensen, KA Sorenson, CE Stow, RN AF Jackson, DM Sorensen, KA Sorenson, CE Stow, RN TI Monitoring cucumber beetles in sweetpotato and cucurbits with kairomone-baited traps SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi; Diabrotica balteata; Acalymma vittatum; Ipomoea batatas; Cucurbitaceae ID CORN-ROOTWORM COLEOPTERA; VOLATILE ATTRACTANTS; DIABROTICA-BALTEATA; MAXIMA DUCHESNE; CHRYSOMELIDAE; RESPONSES; SOUTHERN; BLOSSOMS; DAMAGE AB Seven kairomone formulations (Trece, Inc., Salinas, CA) were evaluated for their effectiveness as attractants for luring three species of cucumber beetles into Pherocon CRW traps (Trece, Inc.) in cucurbit and sweetpotato fields. The spotted cucumber beetle, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber; the banded cucumber beetle, Diabrotica balteata LeConte; and the striped cucumber beetle, Acalymma vittatum (F.), were captured in this study. TRE8276 (TIC mixture: 500 mg of 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene, 500 mg of indole, and 500 mg of traps-cinnamaldeyde) and TRE8336 (500 mg of 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene, 500 mg of traps-cinnamaldeyde, 500 mg of 4-methoxyphenethanol) were the most effective lures for spotted and striped cucumber beetles. None of the kairomone lures was very effective for attracting banded cucumber beetles. Three population peaks of spotted cucumber beetles were observed in cucurbit and sweetpotato fields at the U.S. Vegetable Laboratory (Charleston, SC). The efficacy of TRE8276 declined rapidly after 2 wk in the field. An improved design of the Pherocon CRW trap, with a yellow bottom and more-tapered top section, was more effective for capturing cucumber beetles than the original trap design made entirely of clear plastic. Banded cucumber beetles were not captured in sweetpotato fields at inland locations in North Carolina or South Carolina. C1 USDA ARS, US Veg Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Jackson, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Veg Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 98 IS 1 BP 159 EP 170 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 894UC UT WOS:000226816100020 PM 15765678 ER PT J AU Snodgrass, GL Adamczyk, JJ Gore, J AF Snodgrass, GL Adamczyk, JJ Gore, J TI Toxicity of insecticides in a glass-vial bioassay to adult brown, green, and southern green stink bugs (Heteroptera : Pentatomidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brown stink bug; green stink bug; southern green stink bug; insecticides ID COTTON AB Adult brown, Euschistus servus (Say); green, Acrosternum hilare (Say); and southern green, Nezara viridula (L.), stink bugs were collected from soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., in fall 2001 and 2002 near Stoneville, MS, and Eudora, AR. A glass-vial bioassay was used to determine LC50 values for the three species of stink bugs for the pyrethroids bifenthrin, cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, a-cyhalothrin, and permethrin, and the organophosphates acephate, dicrotophos, malathion, and methyl parathion. Results confirmed findings of other researchers that the brown stink bug was less susceptible to pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides than were green and southern green stink bugs. The susceptibility of all three stink bug species to the insecticides tested was very similar at both test locations. The study established baseline insecticide mortality data from two locations in the mid-South for three stink bug species that are pests of soybean and cotton, Gossypium spp. Data from the tests are valuable for future use in studies on resistance and in resistance monitoring programs. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Snodgrass, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 22 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 98 IS 1 BP 177 EP 181 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 894UC UT WOS:000226816100022 PM 15765680 ER PT J AU Byrne, FJ Castle, SJ Bi, JL Toscano, NC AF Byrne, FJ Castle, SJ Bi, JL Toscano, NC TI Application of competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantification of imidacloprid titers in xylem fluid extracted from grapevines SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE imidacloprid; ELISA; xylem; grapevine; Homalodisca coagulata ID PLANTS; METABOLITES; EFFICACY AB A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was evaluated for quantifying titers of imidacloprid in xylem fluid extracted from Vitis vinifera L. grapevines that were treated with systemic applications of the neonicotinoid insecticide Admire. Evidence of matrix effects, factors that compromise the precision and accuracy of the ELISA, was present in assays with undiluted xylem fluid. These effects could be eliminated by dilution of extracts in water, resulting in a lower sensitivity of the assay of 4 mug liter(-1). In a field trial conducted in a commercial vineyard, there was an excellent correlation between Admire application rates and xylem fluid concentrations of imidacloprid. At an Admire application rate of 1.17 liter ha(-1) (16 fl oz per acre), uptake of imidacloprid into vines was rapid. Imidacloprid was consistently detected in the xylem for up to 3 mo after application at concentrations known to be effective at managing populations of the sharpshooter Homalodisca coagulata Say, an important vector of Xylella fastidiosa Wells in California vineyards. The ELISA is a sensitive technique that can be used to study the behavior of systemic insecticides within crop systems and their impact on pest populations. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Byrne, FJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 13 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 98 IS 1 BP 182 EP 187 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 894UC UT WOS:000226816100023 PM 15765681 ER PT J AU Jones, DB Giles, KL Chen, Y Shufran, KA AF Jones, DB Giles, KL Chen, Y Shufran, KA TI Estimation of hymenopteran parasitism in cereal aphids by using molecular markers SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lysiphlebus testaceipes; Schizaphis graminum; PCR; parasitoid eggs ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; APHELINUS HYMENOPTERA; BRACONIDAE; HOMOPTERA; GREENBUG; TEMPERATURES; OKLAHOMA; WHEAT; HOST AB Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed and tested for identification of immature parasitoids in small grain cereal aphids and for estimation of parasitism rates. PCR technique was evaluated for 1) greenhouse-reared greenbugs, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), parasitized by Lysiphlebus testaceipes Cresson and 2) aphids collected from winter wheat fields in Caddo County, Oklahoma. For greenhouse samples, parasitism frequencies for greenbugs examined by PCR at 0, 24, and 48 h after removal of L. testaceipes parasitoids were compared with parasitism frequencies as determined by greenbug dissection. PCR was unable to detect parasitism in greenbugs at 0 and 24 h postparasitism, but it was able to detect parasitoids 48 h after parasitoid removal at frequencies that were not significantly different from dissected samples. Field-collected samples were analyzed by rearing 25 aphids from each sample and by comparing parasitoid frequencies of mummies developed and PCR performed on another 50 aphids. Aphid samples included corn leaf aphids, Rhopalosiphum-maidis (Fitch); bird cherry-oat aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.); English grain aphids, Sitobion auenae (F.); and greenbugs. Mummies were isolated until adult emergence, whereupon each parasitoid was identified to species (L. testaceipes was the only parasitoid species found). Parasitism detection frequencies for PCR also were not statistically different from parasitism frequencies of reared aphids. These results indicate that PCR is a useful tool for providing accurate estimates of parasitism rates and especially for identification of immature parasitoids to species. C1 Alderson Broaddus Coll, Phillippi, WV 26416 USA. USDA, ARS, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Jones, DB (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 98 IS 1 BP 217 EP 221 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 894UC UT WOS:000226816100028 PM 15765686 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Hermanson, JC Cramer, SM Amundson, C AF Johnson, JA Hermanson, JC Cramer, SM Amundson, C TI Stress singularities in a model of a wood disk under sinusoidal pressure SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Article ID REMARKABLE NATURE; ELASTIC-MATERIALS AB A thin, solid, circular wood disk, cut from the transverse plane of a tree stem, can be modeled as a cylindrically orthotropic elastic material. It is known that a stress singularity can occur at the center of a cylindrically orthotropic disk subjected to uniform pressure. If a solid cylindrically orthotropic disk is subjected to sinusoidal pressure distributions, then other stress singularities can also occur in the disk. The criterion for,the existence of these singularities is based on a simple relationship between two dimensionless elastic constant parameters and the sinusoidal pressure loading mode number. For a given set of elastic constants, only a finite number of lower sinusoidal modes will produce stress singularities. In this paper, the mathematical relationships between these parameters are derived. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Mail Stop 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jhermanson@fs.fed.us RI Hermanson, John/K-8106-2015 OI Hermanson, John/0000-0002-3325-6665 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD FEB PY 2005 VL 131 IS 2 BP 153 EP 160 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2005)131:2(153) PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 889GJ UT WOS:000226431200005 ER PT J AU Koti, S Reddy, KR Reddy, VR Kakani, VG Zhao, DL AF Koti, S Reddy, KR Reddy, VR Kakani, VG Zhao, DL TI Interactive effects of carbon dioxide, temperature, and ultraviolet-B radiation on soybean (Glycine max L.) flower and pollen morphology, pollen production, germination, and tube lengths SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; pollen germination; pollen tube length; soybean; temperature; ultraviolet-B radiation ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L.; HEAT-STRESS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; ANTHER DEVELOPMENT; SEED-SET; GROWTH; YIELD; GENOTYPES; VIABILITY; RESPONSES AB Plant reproduction is highly vulnerable to global climate change components such as carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]), temperature (T), and ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of season-long exposure to treatments of [CO2] at 360 (control) and 720 mumol mol(-1) (+CO2), temperature at 30/22degreesC (control) and 38/30degreesC (+T) and UV-B radiation 0 (control) and 10 W m(-2) d(-1) (+UV-B) on flower and pollen morphology, pollen production, germination, and tube lengths of six soybean genotypes (D 88-5320, D 90-9216, Stalwart III, PI 471938, DG 5630RR, and DP 4933RR) in sunlit, controlled environment chambers. The control treatment had 360 mumol mol(-1) [CO2] at 30/22degreesC and 0 W UV-B. Plants grown either at +UV-B or +T, alone or in combination, produced smaller flowers with shorter standard petal and staminal column lengths. Flowers so produced had less pollen with poor pollen germination and shorter tube lengths. Pollen produced by the flowers of these plants appeared shrivelled without apertures and with disturbed exine ornamentation even at +CO2 conditions. The damaging effects of +T and +UV-B were not ameliorated by +CO2 conditions. Based on the total stress response index (TSRI), pooled individual component responses over all the treatments, the genotypes were classified as tolerant (DG 5630RR, D 88-5320: TSRI >-790), intermediate (D 90-9216, PI 471938: TSRI <-790 to >-1026), and sensitive (Stalwart III, DP 4933RR: TSRI <-1026). The differences in sensitivity identified among genotypes imply the options for selecting genotypes with tolerance to environmental stresses projected to occur in the future climates. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. ARS, USDA, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Reddy, KR (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, 117 Dorman Hall,Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM krreddy@ra.msstate.edu RI Kakani, Vijaya Gopal/J-4214-2013; OI Kakani, Vijaya Gopal/0000-0002-7925-4809; Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755 NR 49 TC 86 Z9 94 U1 6 U2 33 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 56 IS 412 BP 725 EP 736 DI 10.1093/jxb/eri044 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 903PG UT WOS:000227437500024 PM 15611147 ER PT J AU Tyree, MT Nardini, A Salleo, S Sack, L El Omari, B AF Tyree, MT Nardini, A Salleo, S Sack, L El Omari, B TI The dependence of leaf hydraulic conductance on irradiance during HPFM measurements: any role for stomatal response? SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE hydraulic conductance; HPFM; irradiance; leaf conductance; stomates ID HIGH-PRESSURE FLOWMETER; WATER PERMEABILITY; LEAVES; RESISTANCE; ARCHITECTURE; AQUAPORINS; CAVITATION; PLANTS; FLOW; PHOSPHORYLATION AB This paper examines the dependence of whole leaf hydraulic conductance to liquid water (K-L) on irradiance when measured with a high pressure flowmeter (HPFM). During HPFM measurements, water is perfused into leaves faster than it evaporates hence water infiltrates leaf air spaces and must pass through stomates in the liquid state. Since stomates open and close under high versus low irradiance, respectively, the possibility exists that K-L might change with irradiance if stomates close tightly enough to restrict water movement. However, the dependence of K-L on irradiance could be due to a direct effect of irradiance on the hydraulic properties of other tissues in the leaf. In the present study, K-L increased with irradiance for 6 of the 11 species tested. Whole leaf conductance to water vapour, g(L), was used as a proxy for stomatal aperture and the time-course of changes in K-L and g(L) was studied during the transition from low to high irradiance and from high to low irradiance. Experiments showed that in some species K-L changes were not paralleled by g(L) changes. Measurements were also done after perfusion of leaves with ABA which inhibited the g(L) response to irradiance. These leaves showed the same K-L response to irradiance as control leaves. These experimental results and theoretical calculations suggest that the irradiance dependence of K-L is more consistent with an effect on extravascular (and/or vascular) tissues rather than stomatal aperture. Irradiance-mediated stimulation of aquaporins or hydrogel effects in leaf tracheids may be involved. C1 Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Biol, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Expt Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Barcelona, Dept Biol Vegetal, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. RP Nardini, A (reprint author), Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Biol, Via L Giorgieri 10, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. EM nardini@univ.trieste.it RI Sack, Lawren/A-5492-2008; Nardini, Andrea/C-6525-2009 OI Sack, Lawren/0000-0002-7009-7202; NR 39 TC 88 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 56 IS 412 BP 737 EP 744 DI 10.1093/jxb/eri045 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 903PG UT WOS:000227437500025 PM 15582928 ER PT J AU Boldor, D Sanders, TH Swartzel, KR Farkas, BE AF Boldor, D Sanders, TH Swartzel, KR Farkas, BE TI A model for temperature and moisture distribution during continuous microwave drying SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID KERNELS; HEAT; FOOD AB A heat and mass transfer model of continuous drying of farmer stock (in shell, uncured) peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) in a planar microwave applicator was developed and investigated. Transport phenomena equations previously developed for batch-type microwave drying were successfully adapted to account for the spatial variation of the electric field inside the applicator The theoretical equations developed, together with experimental methods, were used to determine the effect of microwave power level and dielectric properties on the temperature profiles and reduction in peanuts' moisture content (mc). The temperature profiles from the solution of these equations matched the experimental ones determined using fiber optic temperature probes inserted into drying peanut pods. An exact theoretical determination of mc reduction during microwave drying was not possible due to the dependence of dielectric properties on mc. The surface temperature distribution of the peanut bed measured using infrared pyrometry was well correlated with internal temperature profiles. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Sanders, TH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tim_sanders@ncsu.edu NR 41 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0145-8876 J9 J FOOD PROCESS ENG JI J. Food Process Eng. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 28 IS 1 BP 68 EP 87 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4530.2005.00387.x PG 20 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 921NA UT WOS:000228770100004 ER PT J AU Bosilevac, JM Nou X Osborn, MS Allen, DM Koohmaraie, M AF Bosilevac, JM Nou, X Osborn, MS Allen, DM Koohmaraie, M TI Development and evaluation of an on-line hide decontamination procedure for use in a commercial beef processing plant SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; AEROBIC-BACTERIA; CATTLE HIDES; CETYLPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE; GROUND-BEEF; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE; CARCASSES; PREVALENCE; REDUCTION AB The hides of cattle are the source of Escherichia coli O157:H7 that contaminates beef carcasses during commercial beef processing. Therefore, effective interventions that reduce hide contamination should reduce subsequent carcass contamination. The first objective of this study was to identify the most effective reagents for decontamination of beef hides. Cattle hides draped over barrels were used for in vitro experiments to compare the efficacy of washes using 1.6% sodium hydroxide, 4% trisodium phosphate, 4% chlorofoam, or 4% phosphoric acid, each followed by a rinse step using either water or acidified (pH 7.0) chlorine at 200 or 500 ppm. All treatments using a water rinse reduced hide coliform counts by 1.5 to 2.5 log CFU/100 cm(2). Compared with water rinses, 200 and 500 ppm acidified chlorine rinses increased efficacy by approximately 1.0 and 2.0 log CFU/100 cm2, respectively. Vacuuming of the treated areas to remove excess liquid improved hide cleanliness by an average of an additional 1.0 log CFU/100 cm2. The second objective was to evaluate the use of an on-line hide-wash cabinet that used a sodium hydroxide wash and a chlorinated (1 ppm) water rinse. Hides sampled before entering and after exiting the cabinet had aerobic plate counts and Enterobacteriaceae counts that were reduced by 2.1 and 3.4 log CFU/100 cm(2), respectively, and the prevalence of E. coli O157 on hides was reduced from 44 to 17% when the cabinet was in use. Preevisceration carcass aerobic plate counts and Enterobacteriaceae counts were both reduced by 0.8 log CFU/100 cm(2), and the prevalence of E. coli O157 on preevisceration carcasses was reduced from 17 to 2% when the cabinet was in use. These results support decontamination of hides as an effective means to reduce pathogen contamination of cattle carcasses during processing. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Excel Corp, Wichita, KS 67202 USA. RP Bosilevac, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM bosilevac@email.marc.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 25 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 11 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 68 IS 2 BP 265 EP 272 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 894TG UT WOS:000226813900008 PM 15726967 ER PT J AU Eblen, DR Annous, BA Sapers, GM AF Eblen, DR Annous, BA Sapers, GM TI Studies to select appropriate nonpathogenic surrogate Escherichia coli strains for potential use in place of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and Salmonella in pilot plant studies SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-RESISTANCE; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; ACID RESISTANCE; NRRL B-2354; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; APPLES; PH; DECONTAMINATION; INACTIVATION AB The response of a potential nonpathogenic surrogate organism to a particular treatment should closely mimic the response of the target pathogenic organism. In this study, growth characteristics (generation time, lag phase duration, and maximum population), pH at stationary phase, and survival characteristics (level of attachment and survival on apple surfaces, resistance to hydrogen peroxide decontamination treatments, and thermal resistance at 60 degreesC) of 15 nonpathogenic generic Escherichia coli strains and one nonpathogenic E. coli O157:1143 strain were compared with those of two E. coli O157:117 strains and two Salmonella strains. Few differences in growth characteristics or pH at stationary phase were evident between nonpathogenic and pathogenic strains tested. However, considerably more separation among strains was seen following investigation of survival characteristics. E. coli ECRC 97.0152, which does not contain genes encoding for known virulence factors associated with E. coli O157:117, appears to be a good surrogate candidate, with growth and survival characteristics similar to those of E. coli O157:147 strains. The less heat-resistant surrogate strains E. coli NRRL B-766 and NRRL B-3054 and E. coli ATCC 11775, ATCC 25253, and ATCC 25922 may be used when attempting to model the heat resistance of Salmonella Montevideo 64639 and Salmonella Poona RM 2350, respectively. These surrogate strains may be useful for evaluating the efficacy of intervention steps in reducing populations of selected strains of E. coli O157:117 and Salmonella in processing environments where these pathogens cannot be introduced. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Annous, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM bannous@arserrc.gov NR 23 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 18 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 68 IS 2 BP 282 EP 291 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 894TG UT WOS:000226813900011 PM 15726970 ER PT J AU Breidt, F Hayes, JS Osborne, JA McFeeters, RF AF Breidt, F Hayes, JS Osborne, JA McFeeters, RF TI Determination of 5-log pathogen reduction times for heat-processed, acidified vegetable brines SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ACID TOLERANCE RESPONSE; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; APPLE CIDER; THERMAL INACTIVATION; STATIONARY-PHASE; ACETIC-ACID; SURVIVAL; SALMONELLA; RESISTANCE AB Recent outbreaks of acid-resistant food pathogens in acid foods, including apple cider and orange juice, have raised concerns about the safety of acidified vegetable products. We determined pasteurization times and temperatures needed to assure a 5-log reduction in the numbers of Escherichia coli O157:117, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella strains in acidified cucumber pickle brines. Cocktails of five strains of each pathogen were (separately) used for heat-inactivation studies between 50 and 60 degreesC in brines that had an equilibrated pH value of 4.1. Salmonella strains were found to be less heat resistant than E. coli O157:117 or L. monocytogenes strains. The nonlinear killing curves generated during these studies were modeled using a Weibull function. We found no significant difference in the heat-killing data for E. coli O157:117 and L. monocytogenes (P = 0.9709). The predicted 5-log reduction times for E. coli O157:117 and L. monocytogenes were found to fit an exponential decay function. These data were used to estimate minimum pasteurization times and temperatures needed to ensure safe processing of acidified pickle products and show that current industry pasteurization practices offer a significant margin of safety. C1 USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Breidt, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM breidt@ncsu.edu NR 25 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 13 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 68 IS 2 BP 305 EP 310 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 894TG UT WOS:000226813900014 PM 15726973 ER PT J AU Bari, ML Nakauma, M Todoriki, S Juneja, VK Isshiki, K Kawamoto, S AF Bari, ML Nakauma, M Todoriki, S Juneja, VK Isshiki, K Kawamoto, S TI Effectiveness of irradiation treatments in inactivating Listeria monocytogenes on fresh vegetables at refrigeration temperature SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PENICILLIUM-EXPANSUM; GLOMERELLA-CINGULATA; KILLING SALMONELLA; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; PRODUCE; SURVIVAL; ALFALFA; SPROUTS; BEHAVIOR AB Ionizing radiation can be effective in controlling the growth of food spoilage and foodborne pathogenic bacteria. This study reports on an investigation of the effectiveness of irradiation treatment to eliminate Listeria monocytogenes on laboratory-inoculated broccoli, cabbage, tomatoes, and mung bean sprouts. Irradiation of broccoli and mung bean sprouts at 1.0 kGy resulted in reductions of approximately 4.88 and 4.57 log CFU/g, respectively, of a five-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes. Reductions of approximately 5.25 and 4.14 log CFU/g were found with cabbage and tomato, respectively, at a similar dose. The appearance, color, texture, taste, and overall acceptability did not undergo significant changes after 7 days of postirradiation storage at 4 degreesC, in comparison with control samples. Therefore, low-dose ionizing radiation treatment could be an effective method for eliminating L. monocytogenes on fresh and fresh-cut produce. C1 Natl Food Res Inst, Food Hyg Team, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. Natl Food Res Inst, Radiat & Informat Technol Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. USDA ARS, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Bari, ML (reprint author), Natl Food Res Inst, Food Hyg Team, Kannondai 2-1-12, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. EM latiful@nfri.affrc.go.jp NR 35 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 68 IS 2 BP 318 EP 323 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 894TG UT WOS:000226813900016 PM 15726975 ER PT J AU Yamanaka, T Akama, A Li, CY Okabe, H AF Yamanaka, T Akama, A Li, CY Okabe, H TI Growth, nitrogen fixation and mineral acquisition of Alnus sieboldiana after inoculation of Frankia together with Gigaspora margarita and Pseudomonas putida SO JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Alnus; Frankia; Gigaspora; Pseudomonas; tetrapartite symbiosis ID VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE; TRIPARTITE ASSOCIATIONS; DUAL INOCULATION; ROCK PHOSPHATE; PLANT; NODULATION; NUTRITION; GLOMUS; FUNGI; SIDEROPHORES AB The role of tetrapartite associations among Frankia, Gigaspora margarita (an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus), Pseudomonas putida (rhizobacterium), and Alnus sieboldiana in growth, nitrogen fixation, and mineral acquisition of A. sieboldiana was investigated. Seedlings of A. sieboldiana were inoculated with Frankia isolated from root nodules of alder, followed by inoculation of G. margarita and P. pittida, and were grown for 5 months in a greenhouse. The seedlings inoculated with Frankia and G. margarita together produced the highest biomass of shoots and root nodules. Nitrogen-fixation activity, measured by acetylene reduction assay, was observed when Frankia was inoculated. The activity, on a per-nodule gram basis, decreased after G. margarita inoculation, but on a per-plant basis there was no significant difference in the activity among inoculation treatments. The mineral content in the seedlings changed after inoculation with Frankia, but not after inoculation with P. putida and/or G. margarita. The results showed a synergistic interaction among Frankia, the mycorrhizal fungus, and the rhizobacterium on the growth of A. sieboldiana. C1 Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan. USDA, FS, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Yamanaka, T (reprint author), Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan. EM yamanaka@ffpri.affrc.go.jp NR 36 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 1341-6979 J9 J FOR RES-JPN JI J. For. Res. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 10 IS 1 BP 21 EP 26 DI 10.1007/s10310-004-0096-9 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 935BT UT WOS:000229754700005 ER PT J AU White, DM Wilson, WC Blair, CD Beaty, BJ AF White, DM Wilson, WC Blair, CD Beaty, BJ TI Studies on overwintering of bluetongue viruses in insects SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS DIPTERA; CELL-LINES; TRANSOVARIAL TRANSMISSION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SONORENSIS DIPTERA; GENOME SEGMENTS; UNITED-STATES; CERATOPOGONIDAE; PROTEIN; REPLICATION AB Bluetongue viruses (BTVs) are economically important arboviruses that affect sheep and cattle. The overwintering mechanism of BTVs in temperate climates has eluded researchers for many years. Many arboviruses overwinter in their invertebrate vectors. To test the hypothesis that BTVs overwinter in their vertically infected insect vectors, Culicoides sonorensis larvae were collected from long-term study sites in northern Colorado, USA, and assayed for the presence of BTV RNA by nested RT-PCR. Sequences from BTV RNA segment 7 were detected in 30% (17/56) of pools composed of larvae and pupae collected in 1998 and in 10%(31/319)of pools composed of adults reared from larvae collected in 1996. BTV was not isolated from the insects. Additionally, Culicoides cell-culture lines derived from material collected at one of the sites, of derived from insect samples collected during a BTV outbreak, contained BTV RNA segment In contrast, segment 2 RNA was detected at half the rate of segment 7 RNA in the field-collected larvae and was only detected in the Culicoides cell lines with one of two primer sets. These data suggest that BTVs could overwinter in the insect vector and that there is reduced expression of the outer capsid genes during persistent infection. C1 USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Dept 3354, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP White, DM (reprint author), CDC, Special Pathogens Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Bldg 15-SB,Mailstop G14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM chz8@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 14 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 86 BP 453 EP 462 DI 10.1099/vir.0.80290-0 PN 2 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 893SC UT WOS:000226738500023 PM 15659765 ER PT J AU Hogue, TS Bastidas, L Gupta, H Sorooshian, S Mitchell, K Emmerich, W AF Hogue, TS Bastidas, L Gupta, H Sorooshian, S Mitchell, K Emmerich, W TI Evaluation and transferability of the Noah land surface model in semiarid environments SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARAMETERIZATION SCHEMES PILPS; HYDROLOGIC-MODELS; MULTICRITERIA METHODS; IMPROVED CALIBRATION; SALSA PROGRAM; ETA-MODEL; PROJECT; VALIDATION; COMPLEXITY; VEGETATION AB This paper investigates the performance of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Noah land surface model at two semiarid sites in southern Arizona. The goal is to evaluate the transferability of calibrated parameters (i.e., direct application of a parameter set to a "similar" site) between the sites and to analyze model performance under the various climatic conditions that can occur in this region. A multicriteria, systematic evaluation scheme is developed to meet these goals. Results indicate that the Noah model is able to simulate sensible heat, ground heat, and ground temperature observations with a high degree of accuracy, using the optimized parameter sets. However, there is a large influx of moist air into Arizona during the monsoon period, and significant latent heat flux errors are observed in model simulations during these periods. The use of proxy site parameters (transferred parameter set), as well as traditional default parameters, results in diminished model performance when compared to a set of parameters calibrated specifically to the flux sites. Also, using a parameter set obtained from a longer-time-frame calibration (i.e., a 4-yr period) results in decreased model performance during nonstationary, short-term climatic events, such as a monsoon or El Nino. Although these results are specific to the sites in Arizona, it is hypothesized that these results may hold true for other case studies. In general, there is still the opportunity for improvement in the representation of physical processes in land surface models for semiarid regions. The hope is that rigorous model evaluation, such as that put forth in this analysis, and studies such as the project for the Intercomparison of Land-Surface Processes (PILPS) San Pedro-Sevilleta, will lead to advances in model development, as well as parameter estimation and transferability, for use in long-term climate and regional environmental studies. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NOAA, NWS, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Hogue, TS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 5732C Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM thogue@seas.ucla.edu RI Bastidas, Luis/B-5236-2008; Gupta, Hoshin/D-1642-2010; sorooshian, soroosh/B-3753-2008 OI Gupta, Hoshin/0000-0001-9855-2839; sorooshian, soroosh/0000-0001-7774-5113 NR 37 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 6 IS 1 BP 68 EP 84 DI 10.1175/JHM-402.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 903OT UT WOS:000227436100005 ER PT J AU Dowd, MK Stevens, ED AF Dowd, MK Stevens, ED TI Inclusion complexes of gossypol with 2-pentanone, 3-pentanone, and 2-hexanone SO JOURNAL OF INCLUSION PHENOMENA AND MACROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE clathrates; coordinato-clathrates; crystal structure; gossypol; inclusion compounds; solvates ID CANCER AB Inclusion complexes of gossypol with 2-pentanone, 3-pentanone, and 2-hexanone were prepared by crystallization from the corresponding ketone and hexane, and their structures were determined by low-temperature X-ray diffraction. All three compounds crystallize in monoclinic systems and have a 2:1 gossypol-to-solvent molar ratio. Both gossypol-pentanone complexes crystallize in C2/c space groups, and the solvent cavities in these structures have C-2 symmetry. The 3-pentanone molecule, which has C-2 symmetry, sits symmetrically within the cavity, while the 2-pentanone molecule, which lacks C-2 symmetry, takes two equally probable orientations within the cavity. Both structures are similar to previously reported gossypol inclusion complexes formed with small esters and 3-hexanone. The distal positioning of the carbonyl group in 2-hexanone does not allow it to fit into the same solvent cavity that exists in the pentanone structures. In the gossypol-2-hexanone complex, the solvent cages are skewed, and the C-2 site symmetry is lost. As a result, the structure crystallizes in a Cc space group and has a larger asymmetric unit and unit cell. Although the 2-hexanone structure retains many of the features of the gossypol-pentanone complexes, this is the first report of a gossypol inclusion compound with this extended structure. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Dowd, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM mkdowd@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-0750 J9 J INCL PHENOM MACRO JI J. Incl. Phenom. Macrocycl. Chem. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 51 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.1007/s10847-004-1817-6 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 946SE UT WOS:000230591800009 ER PT J AU Cote, GL Leathers, TD AF Cote, GL Leathers, TD TI A method for surveying and classifying Leuconostoc spp. glucansucrases according to strain-dependent acceptor product patterns SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dextransucrase; oligosaccharides; acceptor reactions; alternansucrase; prebiotics ID MESENTEROIDES NRRL B-1355; MUTANT STRAIN; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; ALTERNANSUCRASE; DEXTRANSUCRASE; B-742 AB A number of Leuconostoc spp. strains were screened for their ability to produce glucansucrases and carry out acceptor reactions with maltose. Acceptor products were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and it was discovered that they could be grouped into four distinct categories based on oligosaccharide product patterns. These patterns corresponded with structural features of the dextrans each strain is reported to produce. Strains that produced a typical dextran - characterized by a predominantly linear α(1 &RARR; 6)-linked D-glucan chain with a low to moderate degree of branching - produced a homologous series of isomal-tooligosaccharides via acceptor reactions. Strains that produced dextrans with moderate to high levels of of α(1 &RARR; 2) branch points, exemplified by NRRL B-1299, synthesized the same isomaltodextrins as well as another series of oligosaccharides migrating slightly faster in our TLC system. Strains that produced dextrans with higher levels of α(1 &RARR; 3)-branches, such as NRRL B-742, synthesized isomaltodextrins plus a series of oligosaccharides that migrated slightly more slowly on TLC. And finally, strains known to produce alternansucrase produced isomaltodextrins plus oligoalternans. Within a given type, variability exists in the relative proportions of each product. The data presented here may be useful in selecting strains for the production of specific types of oligosaccharides, for example as prebiotics. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Cote, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM cotegl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 21 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 32 IS 2 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1007/s10295-004-0194-x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 923YR UT WOS:000228946000003 PM 15714308 ER PT J AU Solaiman, DKY Catara, V Greco, S AF Solaiman, DKY Catara, V Greco, S TI Poly(hydroxyalkanoate) synthase genotype and PHA production of Pseudomonas corrugata and P. mediterranea SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pha genes; poly(hydroxyalkanoate); PCR detection; Pseudomonas spp ID UNSATURATED MONOMERS; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; OLEOVORANS; POLY(3-HYDROXYALKANOATES); IDENTIFICATION; CLONING; GENE; POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES; DEGRADATION; AERUGINOSA AB A collection of Pseudomonas corrugata and P. mediterranea strains, two closely related species, was evaluated for the presence and variability of pha loci. Using PCR methods that specifically amplify segments of medium-chain-length poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (mcl-PHA) synthase genes, we demonstrated the presence of phaC1 and phaC2 in all P. mediterranea strains tested and in six out of 56 strains of P. corrugata screened. The remaining 50 strains of P. corrugata yielded only the phaC2 subgene fragment on detection by a combined PCR-restriction endonuclease analysis method or a semi-nested PCR-amplification approach. A Southern hybridization study on a representative strain from this group, however, indicated the presence of the phaC1 gene. Nucleic acid sequences of the subgene phaC fragments of the representative strains from the three groups showed an overall similarity ranging from 95% to 100%. The major repeat-unit monomers of the mcl-PHAs isolated from these selected strains are β-hydroxyoctanoate (33-47 mol%) and β-hydroxydecanoate (26-36 mol%). These results differentiate for the first time the strains of P. corrugata into two pha-distinguishable groups. This study also documents for the first time the production of mcl-PHA in P. mediterranea. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Catania, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Fitosanitarie, Sez Patol Vegetale, I-95123 Catania, Italy. Parcol Sci & Tecnol Sicilia, I-95131 Catania, Italy. RP Solaiman, DKY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dsolaiman@errc.ars.usda.gov RI CATARA, VITTORIA/J-6882-2012 OI CATARA, VITTORIA/0000-0001-8076-258X NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 32 IS 2 BP 75 EP 82 DI 10.1007/s10295-005-0205-6 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 923YR UT WOS:000228946000006 PM 15726440 ER PT J AU Kogut, MH Rothwell, L Kaiser, P AF Kogut, MH Rothwell, L Kaiser, P TI IFN-gamma priming of chicken heterophils upregulates the expression of proinflammatory and Th1 cytokine mRNA following receptor-mediated phagcytosis of Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidisi SO JOURNAL OF INTERFERON AND CYTOKINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INTERFERON-GAMMA; IN-VIVO; IMMUNE LYMPHOKINES; PLATELET PROTEIN; OXIDATIVE BURST; CDNA CLONING; TNF-ALPHA; GM-CSF; GENE; RESISTANCE AB Responsiveness to invasive pathogens, clearance via the inflammatory response, and activation of appropriate acquired responses are all coordinated by innate host defenses. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are cellular components of innate response, with the primary PMN in poultry being the heterophil. Priming is the potentiation of the phagocyte activation process. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in basically all phases of immune and inflammatory responses that has been shown to prime heterophil functional activities. In the present experiments, using real-time quantitative RT-PCR, we evaluated the role of recombinant chicken IFN-gamma (rChIFN-gamma) as a priming mediator to control heterophil responses at the level of gene transcription and expression of the mRNA for proinflammatory (interleukin-1beta [IL-1beta], IL-6, IL-8) and Th1 (IL-18 and IFN-gamma) cytokine genes following stimulation with phagocytosis agonists, opsonized and nonopsonized Salmonella enteritidis. rChIFN-gamma primed the heterophils for an increase in transcription of proinflammatory cytokines induced by phagocytic agonists but also upregulated expression of Th1 cytokine (IL-18 and IFN-gamma) mRNA and stimulated an increased production of IFN-gamma. Although rChIFN-gamma priming modulated the expression of cytokine mRNA in heterophils stimulated by different phagocytic agonists, rChIFN-gamma by itself did not directly induce gene expression of either proinflammatory or Th1 cytokines. The enhanced expression of cytokine mRNA does not appear to be differentially expressed depending on the receptor activated during phagocytosis. The results from the present experiments suggest that rChIFN-gamma may play a significant role in avian innate immunity against Salmonella infection and may offer an adjunct use in the prevention and treatment of salmonellae infections in newly hatched chickens C1 USDA ARS, SPARC, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Inst Anim Hlth, Compton RG20 7NN, Berks, England. RP Kogut, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, SPARC, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM kogut@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 40 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1079-9907 J9 J INTERF CYTOK RES JI J. Interferon Cytokine Res. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 73 EP 81 DI 10.1089/jir.2005.25.73 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 898IG UT WOS:000227069900002 PM 15695928 ER PT J AU Oi, DH Briano, JA Valles, SM Williams, DF AF Oi, DH Briano, JA Valles, SM Williams, DF TI Transmission of Vairimorpha invictae (Microsporidia : Burenellidae) infections between red imported fire ant (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) colonies SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Vairimorpha invictae; microsporidia; Solenopsis invicta; fire ant; pathogen; transmission; biological control ID THELOHANIA-SOLENOPSAE MICROSPORIDIA; MULTIPLEX PCR; SPORES; POPULATIONS; ARGENTINA; POLYGYNE; RICHTERI; IMPACT; BUREN; PUPAE AB Red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, colonies were successfully infected with the microsporidium Vairimorpha invictae by introducing live larvae, pupae, or dead adults from V invictae-infected field colonies collected in Argentina. Introductions with 4th instar larvae or non-melanized pupae obtained from infected field colonies, resulted in infection of 40% of the inoculated colonies. Introductions of 4th instars or melanized pupae produced from colonies that were initially infected in the laboratory, resulted in infections of 83% of the colonies, thus perpetuating the infection in other colonies. Infection was detected in 2 of 6 colonies after introducing adult worker caste ants that had died with V invictae. The average number of adults and the volume of immature ants per colony were significantly lower in the infected than in the control colonies. Infected colonies had 86% fewer adults per colony and 82% less immature ants than the controls. A portion of the 16S rRNA gene of the V invictae identified from these studies was amplified, cloned, and sequenced; the 1251 nucleotide amplicon was 100% identical to the 16S rRNA gene sequence recorded previously in the GenBank database, thus verifying the species as V invictae. This is the first report of the artificial transmission of this pathogen to uninfected ant colonies, and demonstration of its ability to hinder growth in individual colonies. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. USDA, ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, RA-1686 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Oi, DH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM doi@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 38 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 88 IS 2 BP 108 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2004.11.006 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 910HL UT WOS:000227921600004 PM 15766927 ER PT J AU Bellinger, MR Haig, SM Forsman, ED Mullins, TD AF Bellinger, MR Haig, SM Forsman, ED Mullins, TD TI Taxonomic relationships among Phenacomys voles as inferred by cytochrome b SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Arborimus; cytochrome b; mitochondrial DNA; molecular systematics; Phenacomys; voles; taxonomy ID SPECIES GROUP RODENTIA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; NORTH-AMERICA; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; SEQUENCES; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; MURIDAE; PHYLOGENY; GENE AB Taxonomic relationships among red tree voles (Phenacomys longicaudus longicaudus, P. l. silvicola), the Sonoma tree vole (P. pomo), the white-footed vole (P. albipes), and the heather vole (P. intermedius) were examined using 664 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Results indicate specific differences among red tree voles, Sonoma tree voles, white-footed voles, and heather voles, but no clear difference between the 2 Oregon subspecies of red tree voles (P. l. longicaudus and P. l. silvicola). Our data further indicated a close relationship between tree voles and albipes, validating inclusion of albipes in the subgenus Arborimus. These 3 congeners shared a closer relationship to P. intermedius than to other arvicolids. A moderate association between pomo and albipes was indicated by maximum parsimony and neighbor-joining phylogenetic analyses. Molecular clock estimates suggest a Pleistocene radiation of the Arborimus clade, which is concordant with pulses of diversification observed in other murid rodents. The generic rank of Arborimus is subject to interpretation of data. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Haig, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM susan_haig@usgs.gov OI Bellinger, M. Renee/0000-0001-5274-9572 NR 75 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 86 IS 1 BP 201 EP 210 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 898ST UT WOS:000227097200025 ER PT J AU Angawi, RF Swenson, DC Gloer, JB Wicklow, DT AF Angawi, RF Swenson, DC Gloer, JB Wicklow, DT TI Malettinins B-D: New polyketide metabolites from an unidentified fungal colonist of Hypoxylon stromata (NRRL 29110) SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS SCLEROTIA; STEREOSELECTIVE-SYNTHESIS; FUNGICOLOUS PENICILLIUM; TETRAHYDROFURANS; MYCOPARASITE; CIGUATOXIN; ALKALOIDS AB Malettinins B-D (2-4), three new antimicrobial polyketide-derived metabolites related to the previously reported malettinin A (1), have been obtained from nonsporulating cultures of an isolate of Mycelia sterilia MYC-155 (= NRRL 29110) collected from colonies of Hypoxylon stromata. Malettinins B (2) and C (3) are partially reduced analogues of malettinin A and were identified by analysis of NMR and MS data. Malettinin D (4) is biogenetically similar, but possesses a new ring system, and the structure of 4 was established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Gloer, JB (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM james-gloer@uiowa.edu NR 17 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 68 IS 2 BP 212 EP 216 DI 10.1021/np049625r PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 901VF UT WOS:000227309500011 PM 15730245 ER PT J AU McDevitt, TM Tchao, R Harrison, EH Morel, DW AF McDevitt, TM Tchao, R Harrison, EH Morel, DW TI Carotenoids normally present in serum inhibit proliferation and induce differentiation of a human monocyte/macrophage cell line (U937) SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE human; carotenoids; monocyteslmacrophages; U937 cells; differentiation ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; HUMAN MACULAR PIGMENT; BETA-CAROTENE; LEUKEMIA-CELLS; OXIDATIVE MODIFICATION; HUMAN-MONOCYTES; IN-VITRO; LYCOPENE; MACROPHAGES; METABOLISM AB Carotenoids, plant pigments with potent antioxidant activity, are implicated in chronic disease protection. They are absorbed from the diet and transported by plasma lipoproteins. Monocytes, as circulating blood cells, are exposed to carotenoid-rich lipoproteins. Such exposure may lead to enrichment with carotenoids and may affect the functions of monocyte-derived macrophages. This study explored the effect of cellular enrichment in vitro with beta-carotene, lycopene, or lutein on monocyte/macrophage function, using U937 cells as a model. Cell proliferation, production of reactive oxygen species, and cell-substrate adhesion were examined. Maximal carotenoid levels in medium supplemented with preenriched human serum were 2-8 mumol/L; incubation for 1-6 d resulted in 0.2-1.1 nmol carotenoid/mg cell protein (0.25-1 nmol/10(6) cells), similar to10-fold more than that reported in normal tissue in vivo but within the range that might be anticipated with dietary supplementation. P-Carotene, lycopene, and lutein markedly inhibited the proliferation of U937 cells, to an extent similar to or greater than that due to phorbol myristic acetate, a known differentiation/activation agent. Lycopene, but not beta-carotene or lutein, caused a significant increase in reactive oxygen species, indicating the induction of cell differentiation. Adhesion and LDL oxidation were unaffected. Thus, cellular carotenoids inhibit proliferation, and for lycopene at least, this may involve cell differentiation. The effectiveness of lycopene, a nonprovitamin A carotenoid, is consistent with a vitamin A-independent pathway modulating cell function. C1 Univ Sci Philadelphia, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Philadelphia, PA USA. USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Morel, DW (reprint author), Univ Sci Philadelphia, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Philadelphia, PA USA. EM d.morel@usip.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL 48979, R01 HL049879] NR 44 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 135 IS 2 BP 160 EP 164 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 894GU UT WOS:000226779700003 PM 15671207 ER PT J AU Zeng, HW Briske-Anderson, M AF Zeng, HW Briske-Anderson, M TI Prolonged butyrate treatment inhibits the migration and invasion potential of HT1080 tumor cells SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE butyrate; cell cycle; migration; invasion; cancer ID HUMAN COLON-CANCER; FATTY-ACIDS; COLORECTAL-CANCER; IN-VITRO; TIMP-2; TRIBUTYRIN; EXPRESSION; GROWTH; TUMORIGENESIS; FERMENTATION AB Butyrate, a normal constituent of the colonic luminal contents, is produced by the bacterial fermentation of dietary fibers and resistant starches. It has been hypothesized that butyrate may inhibit the invasion of tumor cells. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of butyrate treatment on the growth, migration, and invasion characteristics of tumor HT1080 cells. HT1080 cells cultured in the presence of 0.5 and 1 mmol/L butyrate for 14 d exhibited an increase in the G(1) and G(2) fractions with a concomitant drop in the S-phase, thus showing slower cell growth. Interestingly, 0.5 and 1 mmol/L butyrate inhibited the migration and invasion rate of the tumor cells compared with the untreated (control) cells. The protein and mRNA levels of the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and TIMP-2 were significantly increased in HT1080 cells cultured with 0.5 and 1 mmol/L butyrate. Enzymatic activities and the mRNA level of the latent forms of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), pro-MMP-2 and pro-MMP-9, were also increased in HT1080 cells cultured with 0.5 and 1 mmol/L butyrate. In contrast, the active form of IVIMP-2 was detectable by zymographic analysis in control but not butyrate-conditioned media. Collectively, these results demonstrate that prolonged and low-dose butyrate treatment increases both prometastasis IVIMP-2, -9 and antimetastasis TIMP-1, -2 expression, and the net effect of these increases is the inhibition of pro-MMP-2 activation and of tumor cell migration/invasion potential. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Zeng, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM hzeng@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 135 IS 2 BP 291 EP 295 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 894GU UT WOS:000226779700025 PM 15671229 ER PT J AU Combs, GF AF Combs, GF TI Current evidence and research needs to support a health claim for selenium and cancer prevention SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nutrient Disease Relationships held at the 2004 Experimental Biology Meeting CY JAN 19, 2004 CL Washington, DC DE selenium; cancer; health claims ID NUTRITION INTERVENTION TRIALS; DISEASE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; BASE-LINE CHARACTERISTICS; PRIMARY LIVER-CANCER; PROSTATE-CANCER; SUPPLEMENTATION; CHINA; LINXIAN; POPULATION AB Selenium was recognized as a nutritional essential only in the late 1950s. That it might also be anticarcinogenic was first suggested a decade later based on ecological relationships of cancer mortality rates and forage crop Se contents in the United States. Since that time, a substantial body of scientific evidence indicated that Se can, indeed, play a role in cancer prevention. This is supported by a remarkably consistent body of findings from studies with animal tumor and cell culture models, and by some, but not all epidemiologic observations. The body of clinical trial data is less extensive, yet also supportive. The consistent findings from this evidence are that both inorganic and organic Se-compounds can be antitumorigenic at doses greater than those required to support the maximal expression of the selenoenzymes that are generally regarded as discharging the nutritional effects of the element. Although the plausibility of Se as a cancer-protective factor is clear, other research is required to support evidence-based evaluation of this hypothesis. In addition to further, well-planned clinical trials, that research must include the development of analytical tools for speciating Se in foods and biological tissues; the development of better means of assessing Se status in ways that are relevant to cancer C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Combs, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM gcombs@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 116 Z9 122 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 135 IS 2 BP 343 EP 347 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 894GU UT WOS:000226779700036 PM 15671240 ER PT J AU Oommen, AA Griffin, JB Sarath, G Zempleni, J AF Oommen, AA Griffin, JB Sarath, G Zempleni, J TI Roles for nutrients in epigenetic events SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biotin; chromatin immunoprecipitation assay; CpG dinucleotides; DNA microarray; folate; histories; methylation; niacin ID HISTONE H3; BIOTINYLATION; BIOTINIDASE; DEFICIENCY; GENES; CELLS AB The field of epigenetics is the study of modifications of DNA and DNA-binding proteins that alter the structure of chromatin without altering the nucleotide sequence of DNA; some of these modifications may be associated with heritable changes in gene function. Nutrients play essential roles in the following epigenetic events. First, folate participates in the generation of S-adenosylmethionine, which acts as a methyl donor in the methylation of cytosines in DNA; methylation of cytosines is associated with gene silencing. Second, covalent attachment of biotin to histories (DNA-binding proteins) plays a role in gene silencing and in the cellular response to DNA damage. Third, tryptophan and niacin are converted to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, which is a substrate for poly(ADP-ribosylation) of histories and other DNA-binding proteins; poly(ADP-ribosylation) of these proteins participates in DNA repair and apoptosis. Here we present a novel procedure to map nutrient-dependent epigenetic marks in the entire genomes of any given species: the combined use of chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and DNA microarrays. This procedure is also an excellent tool to map the enzymes that mediate modifications of DNA and DNA-binding proteins in chromatin. Given the tremendous opportunities offered by the combined use of chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and DNA microarrays, the nutrition community can expect seeing a surge of information related to roles for nutrients in epigenetic events. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Zempleni, J (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jzempleni2@unl.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [1 P20 RR16469]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK063945-02, R01 DK060447-04, DK 063945, DK 60447] NR 23 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 16 IS 2 BP 74 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.08.004 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 899NW UT WOS:000227152400002 PM 15681164 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Karhemere, S Dahl, E Sreekumar, C Diabate, A Dabire, KR Vianna, MCB Kwok, OCH Lehmann, T AF Dubey, JP Karhemere, S Dahl, E Sreekumar, C Diabate, A Dabire, KR Vianna, MCB Kwok, OCH Lehmann, T TI First biologic and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from chickens from Africa (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali, Burkina Faso, and Kenya) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FREE-RANGING CHICKENS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; OOCYSTS; GENOTYPE; BRAZIL; SHEEP; CATS; RESPONSES; ABORTION AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens (Gallus domesticus) is a good indicator of the prevalence of T. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. In the present study, prevalence of T. gondii in chickens from Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali, Burkina Faso, and Kenya is reported. The prevalence of T. gondii antibodies in sera of 50 free-range chickens from Congo was 50% based on the modified agglutination test (MAT); antibody titers were 1: 4; in 7, 1: 10 in 7 1:20 in 6, 1:40 in 1, and 1: 160 or more in 4 chickens. Hearts, pectoral muscles, and brains of II chickens with titers of 1:20 or more were bioassayed individually in mice; T. gondii was isolated from 9, from the hearts of 9, brains of and muscles of 3 chickens. Tissues of each of the 14 chickens with titers of 1:5 or 1: 10 were pooled and bioassayed in mice; T gondii was isolated from I chicken with it titer of 1: 10. Tissues from the remaining 25 seronegative chickens were pooled and fed to I T. gondii-free cat. Feces of the cat were examined for oocysts, but none was seen. The results indicate that T. gondii localizes in the hearts more often than in other tissues of naturally infected chickens. Genotyping of these 10 isolates using the SAG2 locus indicated that 8 were isolates were type III, I was type II, and I was type I. Two isolates (I type I and I type III) were virulent for mice. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated by mouse bioassay from a pool of brains and hearts of 5 of 48 chickens from Mali and 1 of 40 chickens from Burkina Faso; all 6 isolates were avirulent for mice. Genetically, 4 isolates were type III and 2 were type It. Sera were not available from chickens from Mali and Burkina Faso. Toxoplasma gondii antibodies (MAT 100 or more) were found in 4 of 30 chickens from Kenya, and T. gondii was isolated front the brain of 1 of 4 seropositive chickens; this strain was avirulent for mice and was type II. This is the first report on isolation and genotyping of T. gondii from any source from these 4 countries in Africa. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 30 TC 21 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 91 IS 1 BP 69 EP 72 DI 10.1645/GE-410R PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 907QN UT WOS:000227733100012 PM 15856874 ER PT J AU Chapman, J Mense, M Dubey, JP AF Chapman, J Mense, M Dubey, JP TI Clinical muscular Sarcocystosis in a dog SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; NEURONA AB Muscular sarcocystosis is a rare infection in dogs. Clinical myositis associated with an unidentified species of Sarcocystis was diagnosed in an adult dog from Canada. There was granulomatous myositis associated with numerous immature sarcocysts in a muscle biopsy obtained from the dog. The sarcocysts were up to 550 kin long and up to 45 km wide. The sarcocyst wall was approximately I km thick and contained short, stubby, villar protrusions that lacked microtubules. This is the first report on clinical muscular sarcocystosis in a dog. C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Vet Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 91 IS 1 BP 187 EP 190 DI 10.1645/GE-406R PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 907QN UT WOS:000227733100037 PM 15856899 ER PT J AU Anderson, DL Mackey, EA AF Anderson, DL Mackey, EA TI Improvements in food analysis by thermal neutron capture prompt gamma-ray spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS; SCATTERING AB The thermal neutron prompt gamma-ray activation analysis (PGAA) facility, operated by the US Food and Drug Administration and National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, has been redesigned to lower background radiation levels and improved analytical capabilities. Analysis of 22 element standards and food and botanical certified reference materials revealed significant sensitivity increases and lower limits of detection for H, B, C, N, Na, Al, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, and Cd. Mass fractions for these elements, as well as Mg, Al, Si, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, I, Zn, Sm, and Gd, were determined for 6 dietary supplements. C1 USDA, Elemental Res Branch HFS338, College Pk, MD USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Anderson, DL (reprint author), USDA, Elemental Res Branch HFS338, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Pk, MD USA. EM david.anderson@cfsan.fda.gov NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 263 IS 3 BP 683 EP 689 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0643-7 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 910VU UT WOS:000227961100020 ER PT J AU Shypalio, RJ Ellis, KJ AF Shypalio, RJ Ellis, KJ TI Design considerations for a neutron generator-based total-body irradiator SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; ACTIVATION FACILITY; NITROGEN; INVIVO; CALIBRATION; HYDROGEN AB The prompt- and delayed-gamma neutron activation techniques have been used for the non-invasive measurement of human body composition. In recent years, neutron irradiators have used only transuranic isotopic sources ((PuBe)-Pu-238, (AmBe)-Am-241, Cf-252). However, in today's security-minded environment, the use of alternate neutron sources may provide some advantages. We have examined several designs for an irradiator that would use a high-output, miniature D-T neutron generator (MF Physics). The use of this type of neutron source will lessen the storage, security, and transport issues associated with continuous-output isotopic neutron sources. To determine the scientific impact of this decision, we have performed Monte Carlo simulations (MCNP-4B2; Los Alamos National Laboratory) to aid in the design of the irradiator system, evaluating shielding materials, collimation, and source-to-subject distance, for the measurement of total body nitrogen (TBN). Based on internal flux distributions within the simulated body region of a subject, several design options were identified. The final design will be selected based on the optimization of precision, dose, and exposure time. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Shypalio, RJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM shypalio@bcm.tmc.edu NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 263 IS 3 BP 759 EP 765 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0654-4 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 910VU UT WOS:000227961100031 ER PT J AU Kwanyuen, P Burton, JW AF Kwanyuen, P Burton, JW TI A simple and rapid procedure for phytate determination in soybeans and soy products SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE myo-inositol hexaphosphate; phytate determination; phytic acid; soybeans ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; PHYTIC ACID; PROTEIN; REMOVAL AB A rapid and simple analytical procedure to determine the phytate (myo-inositol hexaphosphate) content in soybeans and soy products is described. Minimal sample preparation and automated HPLC analysis were achieved for large numbers of samples. Determination of the phytate content in a variety of soybean samples, including animal feeds, demonstrated the simplicity, reliability, and economy of the procedure compared with other time-consuming, complicated, and laborious methods. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, USDA, ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kwanyuen, P (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, USDA, ARS, 3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM prachuab_kwanyuen@ncsu.edu NR 13 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 82 IS 2 BP 81 EP 85 DI 10.1007/s11746-005-1046-9 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 915YS UT WOS:000228348300001 ER PT J AU Mohamed, A Peterson, SC Hojilla-Evangelista, MP Sessa, DJ Rayas-Duarte, P Biresaw, G AF Mohamed, A Peterson, SC Hojilla-Evangelista, MP Sessa, DJ Rayas-Duarte, P Biresaw, G TI Effect of heat treatment and pH on the thermal, surface, and rheological properties of Lupinus albus protein SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE DSC; interfacial tension; lupin meal; rheology; surface hydrophobicity ID FRACTIONS; FLOUR AB Endosperm from hand-dissected and -dehulled Lupinus albus seeds was milled into meal, sieved through a 40-mesh screen, and suspended in phosphate buffers (pH 4, 6.8, and 8) at 20% (wt/vol). The suspensions were treated at 75, 90, or 100 degrees C for I h. The heat-treated protein was characterized by SDS-PAGE, free zone capillary electrophoresis (FZCE), and DSC; and its surface hydrophobicity, surface tension, and rheological properties were examined. The presence of high M.W. aggregates, was apparent from SDS-PAGE and FZCE results. Solubility was lowest at pH 4 and 100 degrees C. DSC analysis was performed on low moisture content samples (3.1%) and 20% (wt/vol) suspensions. DSC analysis at 3.1% moisture content showed a glass transition around 85 degrees C and an exothermic transition at 160 degrees C, whereas the protein suspension showed a more thermally stable protein as indicated by the higher Delta H values. Lupin protein was surface active as demonstrated by its effectiveness in reducing the surface tension of the aqueous phosphate buffer. Surface hydrophobicity of the heat-treated protein decreased as the treatment temperature increased, which supports the SDS-PAGE results. The highest level of aggregation was noted at 90 degrees C and pH 6.8 as indicated by low surface hydrophobicity values. Rheological studies showed direct relationships between the shear storage modulus (G') of the lupin meal suspension and both pH and temperature treatment, although this effect is minimal at the highest temperature (100 degrees C) and pH 6.8. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Food & Agr Prod Res Ctr, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Mohamed, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Mohameda@ncaur.usda.gov NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 82 IS 2 BP 135 EP 140 DI 10.1007/s11746-005-1055-8 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 915YS UT WOS:000228348300010 ER PT J AU Gembeh, SV Farrell, HM Taylor, MM Brown, EM Marmer, WN AF Gembeh, SV Farrell, HM Taylor, MM Brown, EM Marmer, WN TI Application of transglutaminase to derivatize proteins: 1. Studies on soluble proteins and preliminary results on wool SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE o-phosphorylethanolamine; transglutaminase; gelatin Blooms ID BOVINE KAPPA-CASEIN; CROSSLINKING; MECHANISM; SITES AB The use of enzymes in chemical processing is gaining favour due to the reduction of hazardous chemicals and because it is considered to be environmentally safe. The acyl transfer reaction between primary amines and glutamine residues in proteins is catalysed by the enzyme transglutaminase. The efficiency of microbial transglutaminase to attach functional amines and catalyse inter- and intramolecular crosslinks was investigated using reduced carboxymethylated K-casein, gelatin and wool. Model systems used in this research gave evidence of both cross-linking of the protein and covalent binding of the primary amine o-phosphorylethanolamine to the protein. These data agree with earlier publications that show transglutaminase catalyses the formation of covalent cross-links between the gamma-carboxyamide group of glutamine and the epsilon-amino group of lysine and also the incorporation of primary amines into proteins. Preliminary analysis of treated wool indicated the covalent bonding of the functional amine to the protein. Our goal is to increase the value of wool by enzymatic addition of functional groups to the wool fibre. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Brown, EM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ebrown@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 85 IS 3 BP 418 EP 424 DI 10.1002/jsfa.1999 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 891OL UT WOS:000226590300010 ER PT J AU Mohamed, AA Rayas-Duarte, P Kim, S AF Mohamed, AA Rayas-Duarte, P Kim, S TI Effect of starch on the thermal kinetics and transmittance properties of lysozyme SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE lysozyme; durum wheat starch; DSC; onset; peak; Delta H ID EGG-WHITE LYSOZYME; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; REDUCED LYSOZYME; PROTEIN; WHEAT; REACTIVATION; AMYLOPECTIN; AMYLOSE; STABILIZATION; RENATURATION AB Lysozyme is being tested for use as a preservative in the food industry. The interaction between starch and lysozyme will help in recommending starch or starch fractions as carriers for lysozyme. The effect of starch fractions on the folding and unfolding of lysozyme was estimated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), kinetics and transmittance turbidometry. Lysozyme was unfolded (heated to 90degreesC) and folded (cooled to 20degreesC) five times in the presence of starch fractions. Starch was added at 1 and 2%. Overall, a trend of higher onset temperature (T-o) values occurred at 2% addition of all starch fractions except amylose. The increase in the number of cycles influenced the effect of starch on lysozyme denaturation. The percentage of lysozyme's DeltaH values decreased as a new heating and cooling cycle was performed (ie 74.4% of the DeltaH remained from the first cycle). The effect of amylose (AM) and amylopectin (AP) on the kinetics of lysozyme unfolding and folding was found to be different based on the assumption that the peak DSC temperature is the fastest step of the reaction. The unfolding showed higher activation energy (E-a) in the presence of both AM and AP, while the folding was not significantly changed. The turbidity of the solution containing lysozyme and potato starch showed transmittance in between that of lysozyme and starch. Stirring of the blend kept the transmittance unchanged while an increase in the transmittance was noticed when stirring ceased. (C) 2004 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Food & Agr Prod Res & Technol Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Mohamed, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM mohameda@ncaur.usda.gov RI Mohamed, Abdellatif/O-5801-2015 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 85 IS 3 BP 450 EP 458 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2001 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 891OL UT WOS:000226590300014 ER PT J AU Jolliffe, D Campos, NF AF Jolliffe, D Campos, NF TI Does market liberalisation reduce gender discrimination? Econometric evidence from Hungary, 1986-1998 SO LABOUR ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Hungary; transition; discrimination; gender; wage gap; education ID WAGE GAP; LABOR-MARKET; TRANSITION; DIFFERENTIALS; COUNTRIES; EUROPE AB An alleged achievement of socialism was gender equality in the labour market. Has its collapse shattered this accomplishment? The theoretical literature and attendant empirical evidence are inconclusive. Using data for 2.9 million wage carriers in Hungary, we find that the male-female difference in log wages declined from 0.31 to 0.19 between 1986 and 1998 and that this is largely explained by a matching decline in "Oaxaca's discrimination," suggesting extraordinary improvement of women's relative situation. Further, we find that variation over time in the wage gaps is associated with public and large firms having progressively smaller gaps than their counterparts. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, William Davidson Inst, USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Univ Newcastle, CEPR, London, England. RP Jolliffe, D (reprint author), Univ Michigan, William Davidson Inst, USDA, Serv Econ Res, 18000 M St NW,Room N-2113, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM jolliffe@ers.usda.gov OI Campos, Nauro/0000-0002-4886-070X NR 42 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-5371 J9 LABOUR ECON JI Labour Econ. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.labeco.2003.12.003 PG 22 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 895ZV UT WOS:000226905100001 ER PT J AU Holmes, TP Boyle, KJ AF Holmes, TP Boyle, KJ TI Dynamic learning and context-dependence in sequential, attribute-based, stated-preference valuation questions SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID CHOICE; RATIONALITY; CONSISTENCY; ECONOMISTS; COMPLEXITY; DECISION; AVERSION; MODEL AB A hybrid stated-preference model is presented that combines the referendum contingent valuation response format with an experimentally designed set of attributes. A sequence of valuation questions is asked to a random sample in a mail-out mail-back format. Econometric analysis shows greater discrimination between alternatives in the final choice in the sequence, and the vector of preference parameters shifts. Lead and lag choice sets have a structural influence on current choices and unobserved factors induce positive correlation across the responses. These results indicate that people learn about their preferences for attribute-based environmental goods by comparing attribute levels across choice sets. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Div, Washington, DC USA. Univ Maine, Dept Resource Econ & Policy, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Holmes, TP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Div, Washington, DC USA. NR 29 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 4 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 81 IS 1 BP 114 EP 126 PG 13 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 900CS UT WOS:000227193600008 ER PT J AU Matos, A Kerkhof, L Garland, JL AF Matos, A Kerkhof, L Garland, JL TI Effects of microbial community diversity on the survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the wheat rhizosphere SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-SOURCE UTILIZATION; SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; UTILIZATION PATTERNS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; BIODIVERSITY; BACTERIA; SOIL; IDENTIFICATION; PROFILES AB Ecological theory suggests that microbial communities with greater microbial diversity would be less susceptible to invasion by potential opportunistic pathogens. We investigated whether the survival of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the wheat rhizosphere would be affected by the presence of natural and constructed microbial communities of various diversity levels. Three levels of microbial community diversity were derived from wheat roots by a dilution/extinction approach. These wheat rhizosphere inocula, as well as a gnotobiotic microbial community consisting of seven culturable wheat rhizobacterial isolates, were introduced into the nutrient solution of hydroponically grown wheat plants on the day of planting. Phenotypic characterization of the culturable microbial communities on R2A medium, Shannon microbial diversity index, community-level physiological profiles, and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms were used to assess the varying microbial diversity levels. At day 7 the roots were invaded with P. aeruginosa and the number of P. aeruginosa colony forming units per root were measured at day 14. The average number of surviving P. aeruginosa cells was 3.52, 4.90, 7.18, 6.65 log(10) cfu/root in the high, medium, low, and gnotobiotic microbial community diversity level treatments, respectively. The invasibility of the rhizosphere communities by P. aeruginosa was inversely related to the level of diversity from the dilution extinction gradient. The gnotobiotic community did not confer protection against P. aeruginosa invasion. Although these data indicate that invasibility is inversely related to diversity, further study is needed to both reproduce these findings and define the specific mechanisms of the diversity effect. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Dynamac Corp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Matos, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM amatos@arserrc.gov NR 35 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROBIAL ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 49 IS 2 BP 257 EP 264 DI 10.1007/s00248-004-0179-3 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 942VE UT WOS:000230310200008 PM 15965723 ER PT J AU Miller, WG Pearson, BM Wells, JM Parker, CT Kapitonov, VV Mandrell, RE AF Miller, WG Pearson, BM Wells, JM Parker, CT Kapitonov, VV Mandrell, RE TI Diversity within the Campylobacter jejuni type I restriction - modification loci SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID PATHOGEN HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; DNA RECOGNITION DOMAINS; GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; MODIFICATION SYSTEMS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENOME SEQUENCE; SPECIFICITY POLYPEPTIDES; GENETIC ORGANIZATION; MODIFICATION ENZYMES; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS AB The type I restriction-modification (hsd) systems of 73 Campylobacter jejuni strains were characterized according to their DNA and amino acid sequences, and/or gene organization. A number of new genes were identified which are not present in the sequenced strain NCTC 11168. The closely related organism Helicobacter pylori has three type I systems; however, no evidence was found that C. jejuni strains contain multiple type I systems, although hsd loci are present in at least two different chromosomal locations. Also, unlike H. pylori, intervening ORFs are present, in some strains, between hsdR and hsdS and between hsdS and hsdM. No definitive function can be ascribed to these ORFs, designated here as rloA-H ((R) under bar-(l) under bar inked (O) under bar RF) and mloA-B ((M) under bar-(l) under bar inked (O) under bar RF). Based on parsimony analysis of amino acid sequences to assess character relatedness, the C. jejuni type I R-M systems are assigned to one of three families: 'IAB', 'IC' or 'IF'. This study confirms that HsdM proteins within a family are highly conserved but share little homology with HsdM proteins from other families. The 'IC' hsd loci are > 99% identical at the nucleoticle level, as are the 'IF' hsd loci. Additionally, whereas the nucleoticle sequences of the 'IAB' hsdR and hsdM genes show a high degree of similarity, the nucleoticle sequences of the 'IAB' hsdS and no genes vary considerably. This diversity suggests that recombination between 'IAB' hsd loci would lead not only to new hsdS alleles but also to the exchange of no genes; five C. jejuni hsd loci are presumably the result of such recombination. The importance of these findings with regard to the evolution of C. jejuni type I R-M systems is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. BBSRC Inst Food Res, Norwich, Norfolk, England. Univ Amsterdam, Swammerdam Inst Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Genet Informat Res Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Miller, WG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bmiller@pw.usda.gov NR 58 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD FEB PY 2005 VL 151 BP 337 EP 351 DI 10.1099/mic.0.27327-0 PN 2 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 897UN UT WOS:000227031000002 PM 15699185 ER PT J AU Zhu, K Bayles, DO Xiong, AM Jayaswal, RK Wilkinson, BJ AF Zhu, K Bayles, DO Xiong, AM Jayaswal, RK Wilkinson, BJ TI Precursor and temperature modulation of fatty acid composition and growth of Listeria monocytogenes cold-sensitive mutants with transposon-interrupted branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECALIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BIOSYNTHESIS; GENE; CATABOLISM; BACTERIA; RANGE AB Branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) typically constitute more than 90% of the fatty acids of Listeria monocytogenes. The authors have previously described two Tn917-induced, cold-sensitive, BCFA-deficient (<40%) L. monocytogenes mutants (cld-1 and cld-2) with lowered membrane fluidity. Sequence analyses revealed that Tn917 was inserted into different genes of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase cluster (bkd) in these two mutants. The cold-sensitivity and BCFA deficiency of cld-1, in which Tn917 was inserted into bkdB, were complemented in trans by cloned bkdB. The growth and corresponding BCFA content of the mutants at 37 degreesC were stimulated by fatty acid precursors bypassing Bkd, 2-methylbutyrate (precursor for odd-numbered anteiso-fatty acids), isobutyrate (precursor for even-numbered iso-fatty acids) and isovalerate (precursor for odd-numbered iso-fatty acids). In contrast, the corresponding Bkd substrates, alpha-ketomethylvalerate, alpha-ketoisovalerate and alpha-ketoisocaproate, exhibited much poorer activity. At 26 degreesC, 2-methylbutyrate and isovalerate stimulated the growth of the mutants, and at 10 degreesC, only 2-methylbutyrate stimulated growth. Pyruvate depressed the BCFA content of cld-2 from 33% to 27%, which may be close to the minimum BCFA requirement for L. monocytogenes. The transcription of bkd was enhanced by Bkd substrates, but not by low temperature. When provided with the BCFA precursors, cld-2 was able to increase its anteiso-C-15:0 fatty acid content at 10 degreesC compared to 37 degreesC, which is the characteristic response of L. monocytogenes to low temperature. This implies that Bkd is not the major cold-regulation point of BCFA synthesis. C1 Illinois State Univ, Microbiol Grp, Dept Biol Sci, Normal, IL 61790 USA. USDA ARS, Microbiol Food Saftey Res Unit, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Wilkinson, BJ (reprint author), Illinois State Univ, Microbiol Grp, Dept Biol Sci, Normal, IL 61790 USA. EM bjwilkin@ilstu.edu NR 30 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD FEB PY 2005 VL 151 BP 615 EP 623 DI 10.1099/mic.0.27634-0 PN 2 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 897UN UT WOS:000227031000027 PM 15699210 ER PT J AU Wheeler, NC Jermstad, KD Krutovsky, K Aitken, SN Howe, GT Krakowski, J Neale, DB AF Wheeler, NC Jermstad, KD Krutovsky, K Aitken, SN Howe, GT Krakowski, J Neale, DB TI Mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling adaptive traits in coastal Douglas-fir. IV. Cold-hardiness QTL verification and candidate gene mapping SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Association Genetics; Candidate Gene; cold-hardiness; Douglas-fir; MAS; QTL; verification ID PINE PINUS-TAEDA; MARKER-AIDED SELECTION; WOOD PROPERTY TRAITS; MENZIESII VAR. MENZIESII; LOBLOLLY-PINE; OREGON POPULATIONS; LINKAGE MAPS; BUD FLUSH; IDENTIFICATION; L. AB Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses are used by geneticists to characterize the genetic architecture of quantitative traits, provide a foundation for marker-aided-selection (MAS), and provide a framework for positional selection of candidate genes. The most useful QTL for breeding applications are those that have been verified in time, space, and/or genetic background. In this study, spring cold-hardiness of Douglas-fir foliar tissues was evaluated in two clonally replicated (n=170 and 383 clones) full-sib cohorts derived from the same parental cross in two different years (made 5 years apart). The cohorts were established in widely separated forest test sites and tissues were artificially freeze tested using different cold injury assessment methods. Four of six unique QTL detected for spring cold-hardiness in needles of Cohort 1 were tentatively verified in the second cohort. Four additional QTL were detected in Cohort 2, two on linkage groups (LGs) not previously represented in the smaller cohort. In total, 10 unique QTL were identified across both cohorts. Seventeen of twenty-nine putative cold-hardiness candidate genes (Douglas-fir ESTs) placed on the Douglas-fir linkage map locate within the 95% confidence intervals of spring needle cold-hardiness QTL from the two cohorts and thus represent priority targets for initiating association mapping in Douglas-fir. C1 Mol Tree Breeding Serv LLC, Centralia, WA 98531 USA. US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ British Columbia, Fac Forestry, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wheeler, NC (reprint author), Mol Tree Breeding Serv LLC, 21040 Flumerfelt Rd SE, Centralia, WA 98531 USA. EM nicholascollins@earthlink.net RI Krutovsky, Konstantin/A-5419-2012 OI Krutovsky, Konstantin/0000-0002-8819-7084 NR 52 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 145 EP 156 DI 10.1007/s11032-004-3978-9 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 900TZ UT WOS:000227238500003 ER PT J AU Jadhav, A Marillia, EF Babic, V Giblin, EM Cahoon, EB Kinney, AJ Mietkiewska, E Brost, JM Taylor, DC AF Jadhav, A Marillia, EF Babic, V Giblin, EM Cahoon, EB Kinney, AJ Mietkiewska, E Brost, JM Taylor, DC TI Production of 22 : 2(Delta 5,Delta 13) and 20 : 1(Delta 5) in Brassica carinata and soybean breeding lines via introduction of Limnanthes genes SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE acyl-CoA (Delta 5) desaturase; Brassica carinata; Glycine max; Limnanthes spp.; 20 : 1(Delta 5), 22 : 2(Delta 5,Delta 13) ID DEVELOPING SEEDS; FATTY-ACIDS; BIOSYNTHESIS; EXPRESSION; EMBRYOS; OIL; DOUGLASII; YEAST; C-20; ALBA AB Seed oils of meadowfoam ( Limnanthes douglasii, L. alba) contain very long-chain fatty acids of strategic importance for a number of industrial applications. These include the monoene 20: 1(Delta5) and the diene 22: 2(Delta5, Delta13). Engineering of meadowfoam-type oils in other oilseed crops is desirable for the production of these fatty acids as industrial feedstocks. Accordingly, we have targeted Brassica carinata and soybean ( Glycine max) to trangenically engineer the biosynthesis of these unusual fatty acids. An L. douglasii seedspecific cDNA ( designated Lim Des5) encoding a homolog of acyl-coenzyme A desaturases found in animals, fungi and cyanobacteria was expressed in B. carinata, which resulted in the accumulation of up to 10% 22: 2(Delta5, Delta13) in the seed oil. In soybean, co-expression of Lim Des5 with a cDNA ( Lim FAE1) encoding an FAEl ( elongase complex condensing enzyme) homolog from L. douglasii resulted in the accumulation of 20: 1(Delta5) to approximately 10% of the total fatty acids of seeds. The content of C-20 and C-22 fatty acids was also increased from < 0.5% in non-transformed soybean seeds to > 25% in seeds co-expressing the Lim. douglasii Des5 and FAE1 cDNAs. In contrast, expression of the Lim Des5 in Arabidopsis did not produce the expected 20: 2(Delta5, Delta11) in the seed oil. Cumulatively, these results demonstrate the utility of soybean and B. carinata for the production of vegetable oils containing novel C-20 and C-22 fatty acids, and confirm that the preferred substrates of the Lim Des5 are 20: 0 and 22: 1(Delta13), respectively. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Plant Biotechnol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada. ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Expt Stn, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. RP Taylor, DC (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Plant Biotechnol, 110 Gymnasium Pl, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada. EM David.Taylor@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 157 EP 167 DI 10.1007/s11032-004-4730-1 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 900TZ UT WOS:000227238500004 ER PT J AU Shen, XL Guo, WZ Zhu, XF Yuan, YL Yu, JZ Kohel, RJ Zhang, TZ AF Shen, XL Guo, WZ Zhu, XF Yuan, YL Yu, JZ Kohel, RJ Zhang, TZ TI Molecular mapping of QTLs for fiber qualities in three diverse lines in Upland cotton using SSR markers SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE common QTL; cotton; fiber qualities; marker-assisted selection (MAS); molecular tagging; quantitative trait locus (QTL) ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; POLYPLOID FORMATION; TRAITS; MAP; POPULATION; EVOLUTION; SELECTION; AVENUES; LOCI AB The improvement of cotton fiber quality is extremely important because of changes in spinning technology. The identification of the stable QTLs affecting fiber traits across different generations will be greatly helpful to be used effectively in molecular marker-assisted selection to improve fiber quality of cotton cultivars in the future. Using three elite fiber lines of Upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) as parents, three linkage maps were constructed to tag QTLs for fiber qualities using SSR markers. There were 39 QTLs, 17 significant QTLs, LOD greater than or equal to 3.0 and 22 suggestive QTLs, 3.0 > LOD greater than or equal to 2.0, detected by composite interval mapping for fiber traits, in which 11 QTLs were for fiber length, 10 for fiber strength, 9 for micronaire and 9 for fiber elongation. Out of 17 significant QTLs, 5 QTLs with high logarithm of odds ( LOD) score value and stable effect could be found in both F-2 and F-2: 3 segregating populations, showing a great potential for molecular-assisted selection in improving fiber quality. At least three common QTLs could be identified in two populations. These common QTLs detected in different populations suggested that there existed elite fiber genes and possibly of the same origin. In addition, we found three pairs of putative homoeologous QTLs, qFL- 7- 1c and qFL- 16- 1c, qFS- D03-1a, qFS- A02-1b and qFS- A02-1c, and qFE -D03-1a and qFE-A021c. Our results provided a better understanding of the genetic factors of fiber traits in AD tetraploid cottons. C1 Nanjing Agr Univ, Cotton Res Inst, Natl Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. ARS, USDA, So Plant Agr Res Ctr, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Zhang, TZ (reprint author), Nanjing Agr Univ, Cotton Res Inst, Natl Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. EM cotton@njau.edu.cn NR 27 TC 118 Z9 170 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 169 EP 181 DI 10.1007/s11032-004-4731-0 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 900TZ UT WOS:000227238500005 ER PT J AU Funk, WC Blouin, MS Corn, PS Maxell, BA Pilliod, DS Amish, S Allendorf, FW AF Funk, WC Blouin, MS Corn, PS Maxell, BA Pilliod, DS Amish, S Allendorf, FW TI Population structure of Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) is strongly affected by the landscape SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Columbia spotted frog; dispersal; effective population size; gene flow; landscape genetics; microsatellite; Rana luteiventris ID LONG-TOED SALAMANDER; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; AMBYSTOMA-MACRODACTYLUM; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; DISPERSAL; CONSERVATION; EXTINCTION; METAPOPULATION; DIFFERENTIATION; SYLVATICA AB Landscape features such as mountains, rivers, and ecological gradients may strongly affect patterns of dispersal and gene flow among populations and thereby shape population dynamics and evolutionary trajectories. The landscape may have a particularly strong effect on patterns of dispersal and gene flow in amphibians because amphibians are thought to have poor dispersal abilities. We examined genetic variation at six microsatellite loci in Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) from 28 breeding ponds in western Montana and Idaho, USA, in order to investigate the effects of landscape structure on patterns of gene flow. We were particularly interested in addressing three questions: (i) do ridges act as barriers to gene flow? 00 is gene flow restricted between low and high elevation ponds? (iii) does a pond equal a 'randomly mating population' (a deme)? We found that mountain ridges and elevational differences were associated with increased genetic differentiation among sites, suggesting that gene flow is restricted by ridges and elevation in this species. We also found that populations of Columbia spotted frogs generally include more than a single pond except for very isolated ponds. There was also evidence for surprisingly high levels of gene flow among low elevation sites separated by large distances. Moreover, genetic variation within populations was strongly negatively correlated with elevation, suggesting effective population sizes are much smaller at high elevation than at low elevation. Our results show that landscape features have a profound effect on patterns of genetic variation in Columbia spotted frogs. C1 Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Funk, WC (reprint author), Univ Texas, 1 Univ Stn C0930, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM wcfunk@mail.utexas.edu NR 65 TC 198 Z9 207 U1 10 U2 82 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 483 EP 496 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02426.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 896IT UT WOS:000226928500010 PM 15660939 ER PT J AU Kers, JA Cameron, KD Joshi, MV Bukhalid, RA Morello, JE Wach, MJ Gibson, DM Loria, R AF Kers, JA Cameron, KD Joshi, MV Bukhalid, RA Morello, JE Wach, MJ Gibson, DM Loria, R TI A large, mobile pathogenicity island confers plant pathogenicity on Streptomyces species SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AVIUM SUBSP-PARATUBERCULOSIS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; THAXTOMIN-A; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; BACTERIAL PATHOGENESIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COELICOLOR A3(2); GENOME SEQUENCE; ALPHA-TOMATINE; VIRULENCE GENE AB Potato scab is a globally important disease caused by polyphyletic plant pathogenic Streptomyces species. Streptomyces acidiscabies, Streptomyces scabies and Streptomyces turgidiscabies possess a conserved biosynthetic pathway for the nitrated dipeptide phytotoxin thaxtomin. These pathogens also possess the nec1 gene which encodes a necrogenic protein that is an independent virulence factor. In this article we describe a large (325-660 kb) pathogenicity island (PAI) conserved among these three plant pathogenic Streptomyces species. A partial DNA sequence of this PAI revealed the thaxtomin biosynthetic pathway, nec1, a putative tomatinase gene, and many mobile genetic elements. In addition, the PAI from S. turgidiscabies contains a plant fasciation (fas) operon homologous to and colinear with the fas operon in the plant pathogen Rhodococcus fascians. The PAI was mobilized during mating from S. turgidiscabies to the non-pathogens Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces diastatochromogenes on a 660 kb DNA element and integrated site-specifically into a putative integral membrane lipid kinase. Acquisition of the PAI conferred a pathogenic phenotype on S. diastatochromogenes but not on S. coelicolor. This PAI is the first to be described in a Gram-positive plant pathogenic bacterium and is responsible for the emergence of new plant pathogenic Streptomyces species in agricultural systems. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Loria, R (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM RL21@cornell.edu NR 56 TC 110 Z9 115 U1 5 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1025 EP 1033 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04461.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 893GQ UT WOS:000226707700006 PM 15686551 ER PT J AU Tan, JG Liu, ZQ Wang, RW Huang, ZY Chen, AC Gurevitz, M Dong, K AF Tan, JG Liu, ZQ Wang, RW Huang, ZY Chen, AC Gurevitz, M Dong, K TI Identification of amino acid residues in the insect sodium channel critical for pyrethroid binding SO MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-MECHANISMS; MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; ION CHANNELS; NA+ CHANNEL; DROSOPHILA; GENE; RESISTANCE; MUTATIONS; AFFINITY; DELTAMETHRIN AB The voltage-gated sodium channel is the primary target site of pyrethroids, which constitute a major class of insecticides used worldwide. Pyrethroids prolong the opening of sodium channels by inhibiting deactivation and inactivation. Despite numerous attempts to characterize pyrethroid binding to sodium channels in the past several decades, the molecular determinants of the pyrethroid binding site on the sodium channel remain elusive. Here, we show that an F-to-I substitution at 1519 (F1519I) in segment 6 of domain III (IIIS6) abolished the sensitivity of the cockroach sodium channel expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes to all eight structurally diverse pyrethroids examined, including permethrin and deltamethrin. In contrast, substitution by tyrosine or tryptophan reduced the channel sensitivity to deltamethrin only by 3- to 10-fold, indicating that an aromatic residue at this position is critical for the interaction of pyrethroids with sodium channels. The F1519I mutation, however, did not alter the action of two other classes of sodium channel toxins, batrachotoxin (a site 2 toxin) and Lqhalpha-IT (a site 3 toxin). Schild analysis using competitive interaction of pyrethroid-stereospecific isomers demonstrated that the F1519W mutation and a previously known pyrethroid-resistance mutation, L993F in IIS6, reduced the binding affinity of 1S-cis-permethrin, an inactive isomer that shares the same binding site with the active isomer 1R-cis-permethrin. Our results provide the first direct proof that Leu993 and Phe1519 are part of the pyrethroid receptor site on an insect sodium channel. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Neurosci Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolutionary Biol & Behavior, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX USA. Tel Aviv Univ, George S Wise Fac Life Sci, Dept Plant Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Dong, K (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM dongk@msu.edu RI Huang, Zachary/D-5485-2011 OI Huang, Zachary/0000-0001-5354-5547 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM057440-12] NR 37 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0026-895X J9 MOL PHARMACOL JI Mol. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 67 IS 2 BP 513 EP 522 DI 10.1124/mol.104.006205 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 888ZK UT WOS:000226412900019 PM 15525757 ER PT J AU Bock, CH Thrall, PH Burdon, JJ AF Bock, CH Thrall, PH Burdon, JJ TI Genetic structure of populations of Alternaria brassicicola suggests the occurrence of sexual recombination SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS; MELAMPSORA-LINI; MYCOSPHAERELLA-GRAMINICOLA; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION; MULTILOCUS STRUCTURE; CAKILE-EDENTULA; BLIGHT FUNGUS; PATHOGEN; HOST AB Substantial polymorphism was detected between isolates from five populations of Alternaria brassicicola attacking Cakile maritima along the New South Wales coast of Australia, with a maximum of two genotypes being shared between population pairs. Of ten pair-wise population comparisons, six had no pathogen genotypes in common; only one genotype occurred five times, and most (93%) were found only once. Although an UPGMA based on Nei's measure of genetic distance separated the five populations, a cluster analysis using individual isolates failed to group them according to population, indicating significant gene flow. An analysis of molecular variance indicated ca 14% of the variation occurred between populations, representing moderate population differentiation over the spatial scale of the study. Tests of the relative contribution of clonality and sexual recombination indicated low, albeit significant levels of linkage disequilibrium in all populations. The level of linkage disequilibrium, and the high genotype diversity, provides support for the contention that a hitherto unidentified sexual stage might be a significant factor in the life-cycle of A. brassicicola. C1 CSIRO, Plant Ind, Ctr Plant Biodivers Res, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RP Bock, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, USHRL, Subtrop Plant Pathol Res Unit, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM cbock@ushrl.ars.usda.govx RI Burdon, Jeremy/B-9913-2009 NR 59 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 109 BP 227 EP 236 DI 10.1017/S0953756204001674 PN 2 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 919BF UT WOS:000228592600009 PM 15839106 ER PT J AU Byers, JA AF Byers, JA TI A cost of alarm pheromone production in cotton aphids, Aphis gossypii SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE ATTRACTION RADIUS; GREEN PEACH APHID; CHEMICAL ECOLOGY; MYZUS-PERSICAE; COMMUNICATION; LEPIDOPTERA; FARNESENE; BEHAVIOR AB The sesquiterpene, (E)-beta-farnesene, is used by many aphid species as an alarm pheromone to warn related individuals of predation. Disturbed cotton aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover, released (E)-beta-farnesene into the air as detected by solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC - MS). Solvent extracts of cotton aphids of various life stages and weights also were analyzed by GC - MS for sums of ions 69 and 93, which discriminated (E)-beta-farnesene from coeluting compounds. Aphids of all life stages and sizes reared on cotton plants in both an environmental chamber and glasshouse contained (E)-beta-farnesene in amounts ranging from 0.1 to 1.5 ng per individual. The quantities of (E)-beta-farnesene in aphids increased in relation to increasing body weight, and variation in individual weights explained about 82% of the variation in alarm pheromone. However, the concentrations (ng/mg fresh weight) declined exponentially with increasing body weight. These findings indicate that aphid nymphs try to compensate for their smaller size by producing relatively more pheromone per weight than adults but still cannot approach an evolutionary optimal load, as assumed in adults with the greatest total amounts. This suggests that young aphids need to balance costs of growth and maturation with costs of producing the alarm pheromone. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Byers, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM jbyers@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0028-1042 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD FEB PY 2005 VL 92 IS 2 BP 69 EP 72 DI 10.1007/s00114-004-0592-y PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 895WT UT WOS:000226895400003 PM 15586262 ER PT J AU Wach, MJ Kers, JA Krasnoff, SB Loria, R Gibson, DM AF Wach, MJ Kers, JA Krasnoff, SB Loria, R Gibson, DM TI Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and nitric oxide donors modulate the biosynthesis of thaxtomin A, a nitrated phytotoxin produced by Streptomyces spp. SO NITRIC OXIDE-BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE nitric oxide; nitric oxide synthase; Streptomyces; potato scab; thaxtomin ID GENERATED IN-VITRO; GENOME SEQUENCE; SCABIES; ANALOGS; PROTEIN; DENITRIFICATION; PATHOGENICITY; PURIFICATION; ACIDISCABIES; EXPRESSION AB Evidence for the involvement of a bacteria] nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the biosynthesis of a phytotoxin is presented. Several species of Streptomyces bacteria produce secondary metabolites with unusual nitrogen groups, such as thaxtomin A (ThxA), which contains a nitroindole moiety. ThxA is a phytotoxin made by three pathogenic Streptomyces species that cause common scab of potato. All three species possess a gene homologous to the oxygenase domain of murine inducible NOS, and this gene, nos, is essential for normal levels of ThxA production. We grew Streptomyces turgidiscabies in the presence of several known NOS inhibitors and a nitric oxide (NO) scavenger to determine their effect on ThxA production. The NO scavenger (CPTIO) and four NOS inhibitors (NAME, NMMA, AG, and 7-NI) reduced ThxA production without affecting bacteria] growth. A strain of S. turgidiscabies from which the nos gene had been deleted was grown in the presence of three NO donors (DEANO, SIN, and SNAP), and all three partially restored ThxA production. Our data suggest that bacterial nitric oxide synthases may, at least in part, produce NO for biosynthetic purposes, rather than for cellular signaling, as they do in mammals. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Gibson, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM dmg6@cornell.edu NR 45 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1089-8603 J9 NITRIC OXIDE-BIOL CH JI Nitric Oxide-Biol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 12 IS 1 BP 46 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.niox.2004.11.004 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 890YF UT WOS:000226546800007 PM 15631947 ER PT J AU Kyle, UG Genton, L Lukaski, HC Dupertuis, YM Slosman, DO Hans, D Pichard, C AF Kyle, UG Genton, L Lukaski, HC Dupertuis, YM Slosman, DO Hans, D Pichard, C TI Comparison of fat-free mass and body fat in Swiss and American adults SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE bioelectrical impedance analysis; fat-free mass; body fat; bioelectrical impedance analytically measured fat-free mass; body composition ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; BIOELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; MALMO DIET; INDEX; ADIPOSITY; DISEASE; OBESITY; CANCER AB Objective: No current studies have compared North American with European body composition parameters, i.e., fat-free mass (FFM), body fat (BF), and percentage of BF (%BF) in large populations. This study compared FFM, BF, and %BF values derived from two bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) equations (Geneva and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES]) in Swiss subjects and compared FFM, BF, and %BF values of white Swiss with those of white North American adults with the same BIA equations. Methods: Healthy adults (3714 men and 3199 women), ages 20 to 79 y, in Switzerland were measured by single-frequency BIA and compared with means and standard deviations for body mass index and body composition parameters obtained from the NHANES III study (United States; n 2538 men, 2862 women). FFM was calculated with the Geneva and NHANES equations. Results: Mean FFMGENEVA values did not differ from FFMNHANES values in men but was significantly lower (-1.5 kg) in women. FFM and BF values in American men, who weighed 4.2 to 12.0 kg more than the Swiss men, were significantly higher (+2.1 to +6.0 kg and +1.5 to +6.4 kg, respectively) than those in the Swiss men. FFM and BF values in American women, who weighed 2.3 to 12.1 kg more than the Swiss women, were significantly higher (+1.3 to +2.1 kg and +4.8 to +11.8 kg, respectively, except FFM in subjects ages 20 to 29 y and BF in those ages 70 to 79 y) than FFMGENEVA values in Swiss women. FFM in American women was significantly lower (+1.3 and +1.9 kg) and non-significantly higher than FFMNHANES in Swiss women. Conclusion: NHANES and Geneva BIA equations estimate body composition equally well in men, but further research is necessary to determine the discrepancies in FFM between BIA equations in women. The greater weight of the American subjects yielded higher values for FFM, BF, and %BF in American than in Swiss men and women. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hosp Geneva, Dept Clin Nutr, Geneva, Switzerland. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Hosp Geneva, Dept Nucl Med, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Pichard, C (reprint author), Univ Hosp Geneva, Dept Clin Nutr, Geneva, Switzerland. EM claude.pichard@medecine.unige.ch NR 26 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD FEB PY 2005 VL 21 IS 2 BP 161 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.023 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 904SH UT WOS:000227517500009 PM 15723744 ER PT J AU Falcone, JC Saari, JT Kang, YJ Schuschke, DA AF Falcone, JC Saari, JT Kang, YJ Schuschke, DA TI Vasoreactivity in an adult rat model of marginal copper deficiency SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE copper; microcirculation; vasoreactivity; kidney ID FLOW-INDUCED DILATION; DIETARY COPPER; NITRIC-OXIDE; MICROCIRCULATION; ACETYLCHOLINE; VASODILATION; INHIBITION; RELAXATION; ARTERIOLES; MUSCLE AB Short-term severe copper deficiency has been shown to significantly reduce acetylcholine (Ach)-induced vascular smooth muscle relaxation. The current study was designed to examine the long-term relationship of marginal dietary Cu to vasoreactivity. Male adult rats were fed a purified diet with adequate (6.0 mu g) or marginal (3.0 or 1.5 mu g) Cu/g diet for 6 months. Luminal diameter changes were measured in isolated resistance arterioles. Liver and kidney Cu concentrations were used as indices of Cu status. The results showed a significant decrease in kidney Cu in the 1.5-mu g group compared with the adequate controls but no effect on liver Cu. There was a significant correlation between dilation to 10(-6) mol/L Ach and kidney Cu but no relationship between Cu status and 10(-5) mol/L norepinephrine-induced constriction or flow-induced dilation. There was also no dietary effect on baseline vessel tone or dilator capacity. The data are the first to establish a linear relationship between Ach-induced vasodilation and systemic Cu status in a mature long-term model of marginal Cu deficiency. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Louisville, Hlth Sci Ctr A1115, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Med, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Schuschke, DA (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Hlth Sci Ctr A1115, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. EM daschu0l@louisville.edu NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 177 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2004.11.001 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 912ZN UT WOS:000228119300008 ER PT J AU Saltzman, E Anderson, W Apovian, CM Boulton, H Chamberlain, A Cullum-Dugan, D Cummings, S Hatchigian, E Hodges, B Keroack, CR Pettus, M Thomason, P Veglia, L Young, LS AF Saltzman, E Anderson, W Apovian, CM Boulton, H Chamberlain, A Cullum-Dugan, D Cummings, S Hatchigian, E Hodges, B Keroack, CR Pettus, M Thomason, P Veglia, L Young, LS TI Criteria for patient selection and multidisciplinary evaluation and treatment of the weight loss surgery patient SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE multidisciplinary; weight loss surgery; preoperative; perioperative; postoperative ID GASTRIC BYPASS-SURGERY; OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP-APNEA; NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; MORBIDLY OBESE PATIENTS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; POSTOPERATIVE PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS; RANDOMIZED-CONTROLLED-TRIAL; DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; BODY-MASS INDEX AB Objective: To provide evidence-based guidelines for patient selection and to recommend the medical and nutritional aspects of multidisciplinary care required to minimize perioperative and postoperative risks in patients with severe obesity who undergo weight loss surgery (WLS). Research Methods and Procedures: Members of the Multidisciplinary Care Task Group conducted searches of MEDLINE and PubMed for articles related to WLS in general and medical and nutritional care in particular. Pertinent abstracts' and literature were reviewed for references. Multiple searches were carried out for various aspects of multidisciplinary care published between 1980 and 2004. A total of 3000 abstracts were identified; 242 were reviewed in detail. Results: We recommended multidisciplinary screening of WLS patients to ensure appropriate selection; preoperative assessment for cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and other obesity-related diseases associated with increased risk for complications or mortality; preoperative weight loss and cessation of smoking; perioperative prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (PE); preoperative and postoperative education and counseling by a registered dietitian; and a well-defined postsurgical diet progression. Discussion: Obesity-related diseases are often undiagnosed before WLS, putting patients at increased risk for complications and/or early mortality. Multidisciplinary assessment and care to minimize short- and long-term risks include: comprehensive medical screening; appropriate pre-, peri-, and postoperative preparation; collaboration with multiple patient care disciplines (e., anesthesiology, pulmonary medicine, cardiology, and psychology); and long-term nutrition education/counseling. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts New England Med Ctr, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. Tufts New England Med Ctr, Obes Consultat Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Boston Med Ctr, Sect Endocrinol Diabet & Nutr, Dept Surg, Boston, MA USA. Boston Med Ctr, Sect Endocrinol Diabet & Nutr, Nutr & Weight Managment Ctr, Boston, MA USA. S Shore Visiting Nurse Assoc, Home & Hlth Resources, Braintree, MA USA. Tufts New England Med Ctr, Obes Consultat Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Weight Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Metab Support Serv, Boston, MA USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Program Weight Management, Boston, MA USA. Mercy Med Ctr, Dept Bariatr, Springfield, MA USA. Berkshire Med Ctr, Dept Med, Pittsfield, MA USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Nutr & Nursing, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Med Ctr, Sect Endocrinol Diabet & Nutr, Boston, MA USA. RP Saltzman, E (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM esaltzman@tufts-nemc.org FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P30DK46200] NR 135 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 6 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 13 IS 2 BP 234 EP 243 DI 10.1038/oby.2005.32 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 914OU UT WOS:000228238100004 PM 15800279 ER PT J AU Johnson, MT Follett, PA Taylor, AD Jones, VP AF Johnson, MT Follett, PA Taylor, AD Jones, VP TI Impacts of biological control and invasive species on a non-target native Hawaiian insect SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Coleotichus blackburniae; life table; Nezara viridula; Trichopoda pilipes; Trissolcus basalis ID GREEN STINK BUG; BASALIS WOLLASTON HYMENOPTERA; TRICHOPODA-PENNIPES DIPTERA; NEZARA-VIRIDULA; TRISSOLCUS-BASALIS; TACHINID PARASITE; CONTROL AGENTS; PENTATOMIDAE; HEMIPTERA; HETEROPTERA AB The potential for classical biological control to cause unintended harm to native species was evaluated in the case of the endemic Hawaiian koa bug, Coleotichus blackburniae White (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), and parasitoids introduced to Hawaii for control of an agricultural pest, the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Parasitism of C. blackburniae eggs, nymphs and adults by biocontrol agents was quantified across a wide range of habitats and compared to other sources of mortality. Egg mortality due to the biocontrol agent Trissolcus basalis Wollaston (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) was low (maximum 26%) and confined to elevations below 500 m on a single host plant. Predation, mainly by alien spiders and ants, was the greatest source of egg mortality (maximum 87%). Parasitism of adult C. blackburniae by the biocontrol agent Trichopoda pilipes (F.) (Diptera: Tachinidae) was near zero at 21 of 24 sites surveyed. Three sites with high bug density had higher levels of T. pilipes parasitism, reaching maxima of 70% among adult female bugs, 100% among males and 50% among fifth instars. Male-biased parasitism indicated that T. pilipes is adapted to using male aggregation pheromone for finding C. blackburniae hosts. The relative impacts of biocontrol agents and other sources of mortality were compared using life tables. Invasive species, particularly generalist egg predators, had the greatest impacts on C. blackburniae populations. Effects of intentionally introduced parasitoids were relatively minor, although the tachinid T. pilipes showed potential for large impacts at individual sites. In retrospect, non-target attacks by biological control agents on C. blackburniae were predictable, but the environmental range and magnitude of impacts would have been difficult to foresee. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Entomol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Johnson, MT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, POB 236, Volcano, HI 96785 USA. EM tracyjohnson@fs.fed.us RI Taylor, Andrew/I-5040-2012 NR 45 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD FEB PY 2005 VL 142 IS 4 BP 529 EP 540 DI 10.1007/s00442-004-1754-5 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 894CA UT WOS:000226766400004 PM 15688213 ER PT J AU Zollner, PA Lima, SL AF Zollner, PA Lima, SL TI Behavioral tradeoffs when dispersing across a patchy landscape SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID MICE PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODELS; GAP-CROSSING DECISIONS; EXPLICIT POPULATION-MODELS; WHITE-FOOTED MICE; SPATIALLY-EXPLICIT; PERCEPTUAL RANGE; INTERMITTENT LOCOMOTION; GROUND-SQUIRRELS; HETEROGENEOUS LANDSCAPES AB A better understanding of the behavior of dispersing animals will assist in determining the factors that limit their success and ultimately help improve the way dispersal is incorporated into population models. To that end, we used a simulation model to investigate three questions about behavioral tradeoffs that dispersing animals might face: (i) speed of movement against risk of predation, (ii) speed of movement against foraging, and (iii) perceptual range against risk of predation. The first investigation demonstrated that dispersing animals can generally benefit by slowing from maximal speed to perform anti-predatory behavior. The optimal speed was most strongly influenced by the disperser's energetic reserves, the risk of predation it faced, the interaction between these two parameters, and the effectiveness of its anti-predatory behavior. Patch arrangement and the search strategy employed by the dispersers had marginal effects on this tradeoff relative to the above parameters. The second investigation demonstrated that slowing movement to forage during dispersal may increase success and that optimum speed of dispersal was primarily a function of the dispersing animal's energetic reserves, predation risk, and their interaction. The richness (density of food resources) of the interpatch matrix and the patch arrangement had relatively minor impacts on how much time a dispersing animal should spend foraging. The final investigation demonstrated animals may face tradeoffs between dispersing under conditions that involve a low risk of predation but limit their ability to perceive distant habitat (necessitating more time spent searching for habitat) and conditions that are inherently more risky but allow animals to perceive distant habitat more readily. The precise nature of this tradeoff was sensitive to the form of the relationship between predation risk and perceptual range. Our overall results suggest that simple depictions of these behavioral tradeoffs might suffice in spatially explicit population models. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Indiana State Univ, Dept Life Sci, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. RP Zollner, PA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM pzollner@fs.fed.us RI Zollner, Patrick/A-8727-2010 OI Zollner, Patrick/0000-0001-8263-7029 NR 83 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 5 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD FEB PY 2005 VL 108 IS 2 BP 219 EP 230 DI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13711.x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 880MA UT WOS:000225792700002 ER PT J AU Chen, AC Berhow, MA Tappenden, KA Donovan, SM AF Chen, AC Berhow, MA Tappenden, KA Donovan, SM TI Genistein inhibits intestinal cell proliferation in piglets SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2003 Annual Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-BETA; LACTASE-PHLORHIZIN HYDROLASE; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; RAT SMALL-INTESTINE; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; INFANT FORMULAS; TREFOIL FACTOR; ISOFLAVONE CONTENT; DIETARY GENISTEIN; EPITHELIAL-CELLS AB Currently 15% of U.S. infants are fed soy formulas that contain up to 14 mg of genistein equivalents/L. Our goal was to investigate the impact of dietary genistein on intestinal development. Piglets (n = 8/group) were fed sow milk replacer (MR), MR + 1 mg/L of genistein (LG), or MR + 14 mg/L of genistein (HG) for 10 d. Formula intake, weight,am, and intestinal length and weight were similar in all groups. Average serum genistein concentration in the HG group was similar to that of soy formula-fed infants. No significant effects of genistein on enterocyte apoptosis, lactase, and sucrase activities or electrophysiologic measures were observed in jejunum or ileum. Jejunal and ileal villus heights were not significantly different, but the percentage of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive jejunal crypt cells in the HG was reduced 50% compared with that in MR and LG (p = 0.001), indicating decreased proliferation. Enterocyte migration distance in the HG group tended to be 20% less (p = 0.1) than LG or MR. Jejunal estrogen receptor 0 mRNA expression in HG was half of that in LG (p = 0.05), but neither was significantly different from MR. In conclusion, genistein at the level present in soy infant formula is bioactive in the small intestine and results in reduced enterocyte proliferation and migration. The lack of effect of genistein on nutrient transport and enzyme activity suggests that the impact of genistein is greater on proliferating versus differentiated intestinal cells. C1 Univ Illinois, Div Nutr Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Donovan, SM (reprint author), 457 Bevier Hall,905 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM sdonovan@uiuc.edu OI Donovan, Sharon/0000-0002-9785-4189 NR 53 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 3 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 57 IS 2 BP 192 EP 200 DI 10.1203/01.PDR.0000150723.87976.32 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 891CO UT WOS:000226559100005 PM 15585681 ER PT J AU Cai, ZC Kang, GD Tsuruta, H Mosier, A AF Cai, ZC Kang, GD Tsuruta, H Mosier, A TI Estimate of CH4 emissions from year-round flooded rice fields during rice growing season in China SO PEDOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE IPCC methodology; methane emission; rice fields; year-round flooded ID METHANE EMISSION; SOILS; TEMPERATURE AB A special kind of rice field exists in China that is flooded year-round. These rice fields have substantially large CH4 emissions during the rice-growing season and emit CH4 continuously in the non-rice growing season. CH4 emission factors were used to estimate the CH4 emissions from year-round flooded rice fields during the rice-growing season in China. The CH4 emissions for the year-round flooded rice fields in China for the rice growing season over a total area of 2.66 Mha were estimated to be 2.44 Tg CH4 year(-1). The uncertainties of these estimations are discussed as well. However, the emissions during the non-rice growing season could not be estimated because of limited available data. Nevertheless, methane emissions from rice fields that were flooded year-round could be several times higher than those from the rice fields drained in the non-rice-growing season. Thus, the classification of "continuously flooded rice fields" in the IPCC (International Panel on Climate Change) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories is suggested to be revised and divided into "continuously flooded rice fields during the rice growing season" and "year-round flooded rice fields". C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, State Key Lab Soil & Sustainable, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. Nanjing Coll Populat Program Management, Dept Demog & Econ, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Tokyo, Japan. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Cai, ZC (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, State Key Lab Soil & Sustainable, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. EM zccai@issas.ac.cn RI Tsuruta, Haruo/M-7657-2014 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1002-0160 J9 PEDOSPHERE JI Pedosphere PD FEB PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 66 EP 71 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 896PS UT WOS:000226946600010 ER PT J AU Sicher, RC AF Sicher, RC TI Interactive effects of inorganic phosphate nutrition and carbon dioxide enrichment on assimilate partitioning in barley roots SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATION; PHOSPHORUS-NUTRITION; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CELLS; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; GROWTH; LEAVES; PLANTS; DEFICIENCY; RESPONSES; ENZYMES AB The combined effects of inorganic phosphate (Pi) insufficiency and CO2 enrichment on metabolite levels and carbon partitioning were studied using roots of 9-, 13- and 17-day-old barley seedlings (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Brant). Plants were grown from seed in controlled environment chambers providing 36 +/- 1 Pa (ambient) or 100 +/- 2 Pa (elevated) CO2 and either 1.0mM (Pi sufficient) or 0.05mM (Pi insufficient) Pi. When values were combined for both Pi treatments, plants grown under enhanced CO2 showed increased root dry matter, adenylates ( ATP + ADP), glutamine and nonstructural carbohydrates other than starch. In contrast with shoots, enhanced CO2 partially reversed the inhibition of root dry matter formation imposed by Pi insufficiency. The Pi-insufficient treatment also increased sucrose, glucose and fructose levels in barley roots. The Pi and CO2 treatments were additive, so that the highest soluble carbohydrate levels were observed in roots of Pi-insufficient plants from the elevated CO2 treatment. Pi limitation decreased dry matter formation, acid-extractable Pi, nitrate, hexose-phosphates, glutamate, glutamine and acid invertase activity of barley roots in plants grown in both ambient and elevated CO2. Adenylate levels in roots were unaffected by the moderate Pi insufficiency described here. Thus, the reduced hexose- phosphate levels of Pi-insufficient roots were not likely to be the result of low adenylate concentrations. The above results suggest that the capacity of barley roots to utilize carbohydrates from the shoot is inadequate under both Pi-insufficient and CO2-enriched treatments. In addition, the Pi and CO2 treatments used here alter the nitrogen metabolism of barley roots. These findings further emphasize the importance of avoiding nutrient stress during CO2 enrichment experiments. C1 USDA ARS, Crops Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sicher, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crops Syst & Global Change Lab, Rm 342,Bldg 001,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sicherr@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 123 IS 2 BP 219 EP 226 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2004.00451.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 896WZ UT WOS:000226966400013 ER PT J AU Funk, C Ralph, J Steinhart, H Bunzel, M AF Funk, C Ralph, J Steinhart, H Bunzel, M TI Isolation and structural characterisation of 8-O-4/8-O-4- and 8-8/8-O-4-coupled dehydrotriferulic acids from maize bran SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Zea mays L.; gramineae; maize bran; cell wall cross-linking; triferulic acid; triferulate; ferulate acid; ferulate; arabinoxylans; dietary fibre ID OXIDATIVE CROSS-LINKING; CHINESE WATER CHESTNUT; CEREAL DIETARY FIBER; FERULIC ACID; CELL-WALL; DEHYDRODIMERS; IDENTIFICATION; TEXTURE; COLEOPTILES; DIFERULATE AB Two new dehydrotriferulic acids were isolated from saponified maize bran insoluble fiber using Sephadex LH-20 chromatography followed by semi-preparative RP-HPLC. Based on UV-spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments. the structures were identified as 8-O-4,8-O-4-dehydrotriferulic acid and 8-8(cyclic),8-O-4-dehydrotriferulic acid. Which of the possible phenols in the initially formed 8-8-dehydrodiferulate was etherified by 4-O-8-coupling with ferulate has been unambiguously elucidated. The ferulate dehydrotrimers which give rise to these dehydrotriferulic acids following saponification are presumed. like the dehydrodiferulates. to cross-link polysaccharides. Neither dehydrotriferulic acid described here involves a 5-5-dehydrodiferulic acid unit; only the 5-5-dehydrodimer may be formed intramolecularly. However, whether dehydrotriferulates are capable of cross-linking more than two polysaccharide chains remains open. Although the levels of the isolated ferulate dehydrotrimers are lower than those of the ferulate dehydrodimers, the isolation now of three different dehydrotriferulates indicates that trimers contribute to a strong network cross-linking plant cell wall polysaccharides. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hamburg, Inst Biochem & Food Chem, Dept Food Chem, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Univ Hamburg, Inst Biochem & Food Chem, Dept Food Chem, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. EM mirko.bunzel@uni-hamburg.de NR 32 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD FEB PY 2005 VL 66 IS 3 BP 363 EP 371 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.12.008 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 898YW UT WOS:000227113100011 PM 15680993 ER PT J AU Mooney, B Thelen, JJ AF Mooney, B Thelen, JJ TI High-throughput peptide mass fingerprinting of soybean seed proteins: automated workflow and utility of UniGene expressed sequence tag databases for protein identification (vol 65, vol 1733, 2004) SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Ctr Proteom, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Thelen, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM thelenj@missouri.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD FEB PY 2005 VL 66 IS 3 BP 383 EP 383 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.10.023 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 898YW UT WOS:000227113100013 ER PT J AU Keyser, JD Greer, M Greer, J AF Keyser, JD Greer, M Greer, J TI Arminto petroglyphs: Rock art damage assessment and management considerations in Central Wyoming SO PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE rock art; petroglyphs; armored horses; management; conservation AB Detailed figure recording in 2002 indicates engraved figures are suffering from erosion caused by wind-blown sand from adjacent well pad construction. Approximately 27% of one figure has been lost in the last 20 years. Eventual loss of the two remaining horse figures will amount to loss of about 10% of all known North American armored horse petroglyphs, and 20% of those recorded on the northern Plains. Management agencies should consider mitigative measures for such sites during project planning and permitting. C1 US Forest Serv, Portland, OR 97208 USA. Greer Serv, Casper, WY 82604 USA. RP Keyser, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, POB 2623, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM jkeyser@fs.fed.gov; mavis@GreerServices.com; jgreer@GreerServices.com NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC PI LINCOLN PA 410 WEDGEWOOD DRIVE, LINCOLN, NE 68510 USA SN 0032-0447 J9 PLAINS ANTHROPOL JI Plains Anthropol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 50 IS 193 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 928DV UT WOS:000229252200004 ER PT J AU Scott, SA Davis, CM Steelman, KL Rowe, MW Guilderson, T AF Scott, SA Davis, CM Steelman, KL Rowe, MW Guilderson, T TI AMS dates from four late prehistoric period rock art sites in West Central Montana SO PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE rock art; plasma-chemical extraction; radiocarbon dating; Foothills Abstract tradition; Eastern Columbia Plateau tradition ID SOUTHWESTERN TEXAS; PAINTINGS; C-14; AUSTRALIA; CARBON; CRUST; AGE AB In 2002 eight pigment samples were collected from three rock art sites in the Big Belt Mountains of west central Montana. Samples from Hellgate Gulch (24BW9), Avalanche Mouth (24BW19), and the Gates of the Mountains (24LC27) were dated using plasma-chemical extraction and accelerator mass spectrometry. The dates were statistically indistinguishable with ages of 1170 +/- 45, 1225 +/- 50, and 1280 +/- 50 B.P. When calibrated, these ages range from 650 to 990 cal A.D. This corresponds to the early Late Prehistoric period on the Northwestern Plains. An oxalate accretion sample overlying a painted area at another site, Big Log Gulch (24LC1707), provided a minimum age of 1440 +/- 45 BY for the rock art present at this site. The dated images at the four sites fit within the Foothills Abstract and Eastern Columbia Plateau rock art traditions. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Helena Natl Forest, Helena, MT 59602 USA. Univ Cent Arkansas, Dept Chem, Conway, AR 72035 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Scott, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Helena Natl Forest, 2880 Skyway Dr, Helena, MT 59602 USA. EM sascott01@fs.fed.us; cmdavis@fs.fed.us; ksteel@uca.edu; rowe@mail.chem.tamu.edu; tguilderson@llnl.gov NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC PI LINCOLN PA 410 WEDGEWOOD DRIVE, LINCOLN, NE 68510 USA SN 0032-0447 J9 PLAINS ANTHROPOL JI Plains Anthropol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 50 IS 193 BP 57 EP 71 PG 15 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 928DV UT WOS:000229252200007 ER PT J AU Keyser, JD AF Keyser, JD TI Storied stone: Indian Rock Art of the black hills country SO PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGIST LA English DT Book Review C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Keyser, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC PI LINCOLN PA 410 WEDGEWOOD DRIVE, LINCOLN, NE 68510 USA SN 0032-0447 J9 PLAINS ANTHROPOL JI Plains Anthropol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 50 IS 193 BP 87 EP 88 PG 2 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 928DV UT WOS:000229252200012 ER PT J AU Tesfaye, M Denton, MD Samac, DA Vance, CP AF Tesfaye, M Denton, MD Samac, DA Vance, CP TI Transgenic alfalfa secretes a fungal endochitinase protein to the rhizosphere SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; endochitinase; exudation; lucerne; Medicago sativa; recombinant protein; signal peptide ID TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM; PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; ANTIBODY-PRODUCTION; EXPRESSION; PLANTS; RESISTANCE; PROMOTER; TOBACCO; ROOTS AB Transgenic plants containing a chimeric gene construct that facilitates the exudation of proteins from roots offer novel approaches for modification of the rhizosphere and production of relatively pure recombinant proteins. The aim of this study was to develop alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants that exude a heterologous recombinant protein into the rhizosphere. Alfalfa transformed with a fungal endochitinase (ech42) cDNA fused in frame to the signal peptide of a white lupin acid phosphatase and under the control of the cassava vein mosaic virus (CsVMV) promoter expressed increased chitinase activity in vegetative organs and root exudates. Chitinase activity in root exudates of transgenic alfalfa was 7.5-25.7 times higher than in the untransformed Regen-SY plants. Chitinase enzyme activity was accompanied by increased synthesis of mRNA and protein in transformed plants. By comparison, untransformed and vector only transformed plants displayed no expression of recombinant protein and mRNA. A single band of the expected molecular weight was present only in western blots of root exudates of transgenic alfalfa plants. The secreted endochitinase enzyme not only retained its lytic activity against glycol chitin but also showed antifungal activity by inhibition of spore germination of two fungal pathogens. Exudation of recombinant proteins from roots may offer alternative uses for alfalfa in the production of value-added biopharmaceuticals and may influence microbes or modify soil nutrient availability near plant roots. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Tesfaye, M (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM Mesfin.Tesfaye-1@umn.edu RI Denton, Matthew/D-9697-2011; OI Denton, Matthew/0000-0002-2804-0384 NR 28 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD FEB PY 2005 VL 269 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 233 EP 243 DI 10.1007/s11104-004-0520-0 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 944AI UT WOS:000230396900024 ER PT J AU Staub, JE Chung, SM Fazio, G AF Staub, JE Chung, SM Fazio, G TI Conformity and genetic relatedness estimation in crop species having a narrow genetic base: the case of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Cucumis sativus; essential derivation; functional genetic distance; genetic distance; plant variety protection ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; HORTICULTURAL TRAITS; MOLECULAR MARKERS; QTL ANALYSIS; DIVERSITY; SIMILARITY; GERMPLASM; COEFFICIENTS; ASSOCIATION; PROTECTION AB A set of 155 SSR (107) and SCAR (48) markers were used to evaluate 53 cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) accessions of diverse origin to characterize genetic relationships and to define a standard marker array that was most effective in detecting genetic differences in this germplasm array. A multivariate marker-based analysis of diverse germplasm using this standard marker array (17 SSR and 5 SCAR markers) was compared with results from a set of 70 previously reported RAPD markers, and then used to explore the potential value of these genetic markers for plant variety protection (PVP) and the establishment of essential derivation (ED) threshold values in this species using elite lines and hybrids and backcross progeny. Diversity analysis allowed identification of distinctly different lines that were used for the construction of three sets of backcross families (BC1-BC3). While general genetic relationships among accessions were similar in SSR/SCAR analyses (r(s) = 0.65) using two genetic distance (GD) estimators, differences in accession relationships were detected between RAPD and SSR/SCAR marker evaluations regardless of the estimator used. The GDs among elite germplasm with known pedigrees were relatively small (0.06-0.23 for any pairwise comparison). GD values decreased and degree of fixation (at three to seven loci depending on the mating) increased with increased backcrossing such that recurrent parent allelic fixation occurred in least one family of each of the BC3 families. In many instances the degree of fixation of loci was not uniformly achieved in the BC3. Although the level of genetic polymorphisms will likely restrict the use of molecular markers for PVP and the establishment of ED values, the use of single nucleotide differences will likely provide opportunities to define specific functional distances that have potential for PVP in cucumber. Nevertheless, without an expanded, genetically robust standard marker array (e.g. 50 codominant markers), ED threshold values will be difficult to define in this species, and perhaps will require the appraisal of single nucleotide polymorphisms as discriminators of difference in this species. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Staub, JE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jestaub@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 38 TC 24 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 58, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 124 IS 1 BP 44 EP 53 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2004.01061.x PG 10 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 896XG UT WOS:000226967100009 ER PT J AU Ebbert, V Adams, WW Mattoo, AK Sokolenko, A Demmig-Adams, B AF Ebbert, V Adams, WW Mattoo, AK Sokolenko, A Demmig-Adams, B TI Up-regulation of a photosystem II core protein phosphatase inhibitor and sustained D1 phosphorylation in zeaxanthin-retaining, photoinhibited needles of overwintering Douglas fir SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE D1; energy dissipation; phosphorylation; photosynthesis; photoprotection; PsbS; TLP40; winter stress; zeaxanthin ID DEPENDENT ENERGY-DISSIPATION; HARVESTING COMPLEX-II; XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE; LOW-TEMPERATURE; WINTER STRESS; IN-VIVO; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; THYLAKOID MEMBRANES; PLANT CHLOROPLASTS; SEASONAL-CHANGES AB Overwintering needles of the evergreen conifer Douglas fir exhibited an association between arrest of the xanthophyll cycle in the dissipating state (as zeaxanthin + antheraxanthin; Z + A) with a strongly elevated predawn phosphorylation state of the D1 protein of the photosystem II (PSII) core. Furthermore, the high predawn phosphorylation state of PSII core proteins was associated with strongly increased levels of TLP40, the cyclophilin-like inhibitor of PSII core protein phosphatase, in winter versus summer. In turn, decreases in predawn PSII efficiency, F-v/F-m, in winter were positively correlated with pronounced decreases in the non-phosphorylated form of D1. In contrast to PSII core proteins, the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHCII) did not exhibit any nocturnally sustained phosphorylation. The total level of the D1 protein was found to be the same in summer and winter in Douglas fir when proteins were extracted in a single step from whole needles. In contrast, total D1 protein levels were lower in thylakoid preparations of overwintering needles versus needles collected in summer, indicating that D1 was lost during thylakoid preparation from overwintering Douglas fir needles. In contrast to total D1, the ratio of phosphorylated to non-phosphorylated D1 as well as the levels of the PsbS protein were similar in thylakoid versus whole needle preparations. The level of the PsbS protein, that is required for pH-dependent thermal dissipation, exhibited an increase in winter, whereas LHCII levels remained unchanged. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. ARS, USDA, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Munich, Dept Biol 1, Bereich Bot, D-80638 Munich, Germany. RP Demmig-Adams, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM barbara.demmig-adams@colorado.edu RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 51 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 28 IS 2 BP 232 EP 240 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01267.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 890LF UT WOS:000226512000012 ER PT J AU Kamo, K Gera, A Cohen, J Hammond, J Blowers, A Smith, F Van Eck, J AF Kamo, K Gera, A Cohen, J Hammond, J Blowers, A Smith, F Van Eck, J TI Transgenic Gladiolus plants transformed with the bean yellow mosaic virus coat-protein gene in either sense or antisense orientation SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Gladiolus; bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV); coat protein gene; sense; antisense orientation; transgenic plants ID POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE; RESISTANCE; RNA; EXPRESSION; DISSECTION; CULTURES; GENOME; TISSUE AB Transgenic Gladiolus plants transformed with the bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) coat-protein (CP) gene in either sense or antisense (AS) orientation were developed using biolistics. Four of the plants were confirmed to carry the CP gene in the sense orientation of the gene and seven plants in the AS orientation. Two of the CP plant lines and all of the AS lines showed DNA rearrangements of the transgene in addition to an intact copy of the transgene. The copy number ranged from one to nine. Of the 11 lines, eight had only one to four copies of the transgene. Transcription of the transgene occurred for three of the CP lines and five of the AS lines as determined by Northern hybridization. All 11 plant lines were challenged with BYMV using controlled aphid transmission. One month following aphid transmission, the transgenic plants were examined by immunoelectron microscopy for presence of the virus. Several transgenic plant lines containing either antiviral transgene showed a lower incidence of infection (percentage of plants infected as detected by immunoelectron microscopy) than the non-transformed plants. Most of the CP- and AS-transgenic plants that did not contain BYMV 1 month after challenge were found to contain BYMV the next season. It appeared that BYMV infection was delayed in the CP- and AS-transgenic lines but that the transgenes did not prevent eventual infection of BYMV. This is the first report of developing a floral bulb crop with antiviral genes to BYMV. C1 US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Virol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. Ball Hort Co, W Chicago, IL 60185 USA. Sanford Sci, Waterloo, NY 13165 USA. Boyce Thomson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kamo, K (reprint author), US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kamok@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Kamo, Kathryn/0000-0001-6862-2410 NR 40 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD FEB PY 2005 VL 23 IS 9 BP 654 EP 663 DI 10.1007/s00299-004-0888-6 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 894CE UT WOS:000226766800009 PM 15480682 ER PT J AU Suarez, IE Schnell, RA Kuhn, DN Litz, RE AF Suarez, IE Schnell, RA Kuhn, DN Litz, RE TI Micrografting of ASBVd-infected avocado (Persea americana) plants SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE avsunviroidae; capillary electrophoresis; meristem; RT-PCR; viroid ID SUNBLOTCH DISEASE; CITRUS; HYBRIDIZATION; VARIANTS; INVITRO; TISSUE; VIRUS AB Shoot tips (meristem plus 2-3 leaf primordia) from in vitro-germinated avocado seedlings of 2 ASBVdinfected cultivars were micrografted in vitro onto decapitated seedlings from 2 ASBVd-free cultivars, and plants were recovered. Shoot tips consisted of two different sizes, i.e., <0.5 mm long and >0.5 mm but <1 mm long. The recovered plants were indexed for ASBVd using RT-PCR. More plants (58.8%) were recovered from scions >0.5 mm than from those that were <0.5 mm (10.3%). RT-PCR demonstrated that ASBVd replicated in all micrografts from infected sources irrespective of the scion size, while no ASBVd was detected in micrografts from plants that tested negative. ASBVd therefore cannot be eliminated by in vitro micrografting. C1 Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Repository, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Litz, RE (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, 18905 SW 280th St, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. EM rel@ifas.ufl.edu NR 25 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 80 IS 2 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1007/s11240-004-1622-3 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 897BD UT WOS:000226978100008 ER PT J AU Roberts, RG AF Roberts, RG TI Alternaria yaliinficiens sp nov on Ya Li pear fruit: From interception to identification SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE citrus; host-specific; pathotype; toxin ID ARBITRARY PRIMERS; AK-TOXIN; THEMES; PATHOTYPE; CITRUS; GENES AB In 2001, numerous Ya Li pear fruit from China with a disease apparently caused by an Alternaria sp. were intercepted at U.S. ports, raising concern because the disease was unknown in the United States. To identify the etiologic agent of the disease, single-spore cultures were established from intercepted fruit and were characterized by pathogenicity to wounded fruit, morphology, and sporulation pattern on three agar media, random amplified polymorphic DNA fragment pattern analysis, and species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These data indicated that the disease likely was caused by more than one species of Alternaria, and that none of the isolates from intercepted Ya Li fruit was A. alternata or A. gaisen. A species-specific PCR assay for A. gaisen demonstrated that no isolate from Ya Li was A. gaisen. A PCR assay for the AMT gene demonstrated that no isolate from Ya Li was A. 'mali'. Because of these data and the absence of a description to accommodate at least one of the taxa involved, A. yaliinficiens R. G. Roberts sp. nov. is described, and the disease caused by this and other species of Alternaria on Ya Li pear from China is referred to as "chocolate spot of Ya Li pear" to distinguish it from black spot of Japanese pear. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Roberts, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM roberts@tfrl.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 11 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 89 IS 2 BP 134 EP 145 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0134 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 891XW UT WOS:000226615300002 ER PT J AU Peterson, PD Leonard, KJ Miller, JD Laudon, RJ Sutton, TB AF Peterson, PD Leonard, KJ Miller, JD Laudon, RJ Sutton, TB TI Prevalence and distribution of common barberry, the alternate host of Puccinia graminis, in Minnesota SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB A federal and state program operated from 1918 until the 1980s to eradicate common barberry (Berberis vulgaris), the alternate host of Puccinia graminis, from the major areas of cereal production in the United States. Over 500 million bushes were destroyed nationally during the program, approximately I million in Minnesota. Some sites in Minnesota where barberry bushes were destroyed remained in the "active" class when eradication was phased out in the 1980s. Active sites were defined as those on which there was still a possibility of emergence of barberry seedlings or sprouts arising from the parent bush. In the present study, from 1998 to 2002. 72 of the approximately 1,200 active sites in Minnesota were surveyed. Areas within 90 in of mapped locations of previously destroyed bushes were searched carefully at each site. Reemerged barberry plants were found on 32 sites. The reproductive status and GPS coordinates were recorded for each reemerged bush. More than 90% of the barberry bushes were found in counties with less than 400 ha of wheat per county, mostly in southeastern Minnesota, but one bush was found in a major wheat-producing county in northwestern Minnesota. Reemergence of barberry may serve as a source of new wheat stem rust races in future epidemics. C1 Clemson Univ, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, Florence, SC 29506 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Minnesota Dept Agr, St Paul, MN 55107 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Peterson, PD (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, Florence, SC 29506 USA. EM ppeters@clemson.edu NR 18 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 89 IS 2 BP 159 EP 163 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0159 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 891XW UT WOS:000226615300005 ER PT J AU MacKenzie, M Iskra, AJ AF MacKenzie, M Iskra, AJ TI The first report of beech bark disease in Ohio comes nineteen years after the first report of the initiating scale. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP MacKenzie, M (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 89 IS 2 BP 203 EP 203 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0203A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 891XW UT WOS:000226615300012 ER PT J AU du Preez, ED van Rij, NC Lawrance, KF AF du Preez, ED van Rij, NC Lawrance, KF TI First report of soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi on dry beans in South Africa. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 KwaZulu Natal Dept Agr & Environm Affairs, ZA-3200 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP du Preez, ED (reprint author), KwaZulu Natal Dept Agr & Environm Affairs, Private Bag X9059, ZA-3200 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 3 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 89 IS 2 BP 206 EP 206 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0206C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 891XW UT WOS:000226615300023 ER PT J AU Souissi, T Nicolle, C Berner, DK Dubin, HJ AF Souissi, T Nicolle, C Berner, DK Dubin, HJ TI First report of a leaf spot caused by Cercospora bizzozeriana on Lepidium draba subsp draba in Tunisia. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Inst Natl Agron Tunisie, Lab Botan & Malherboil, Tunis Mahrajene 1082, Tunisia. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Souissi, T (reprint author), Inst Natl Agron Tunisie, Lab Botan & Malherboil, 43,Ave Charles Nicolle, Tunis Mahrajene 1082, Tunisia. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 89 IS 2 BP 206 EP 206 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0206A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 891XW UT WOS:000226615300021 ER PT J AU Deadman, ML Al Sadi, AM Al Jahdhami, S Aime, MC AF Deadman, ML Al Sadi, AM Al Jahdhami, S Aime, MC TI First report of rust caused by Puccinia carthami on safflower in Oman. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Sultan Qaboos Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Al Khoud 123, Oman. USDA ARS, SBML, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Deadman, ML (reprint author), Sultan Qaboos Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Box 34, Al Khoud 123, Oman. RI Al-Sadi, Abdullah/D-6766-2012 OI Al-Sadi, Abdullah/0000-0002-3419-8268 NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 89 IS 2 BP 208 EP 208 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0208C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 891XW UT WOS:000226615300029 ER PT J AU Holmes-Davis, R Li, GF Jamieson, AC Rebar, EJ Liu, Q Kong, YH Case, CC Gregory, PD AF Holmes-Davis, R Li, GF Jamieson, AC Rebar, EJ Liu, Q Kong, YH Case, CC Gregory, PD TI Gene regulation in planta by plant-derived engineered zinc finger protein transcription factors SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alcohol dehydrogenase; Arabidopsis; gene regulation; protein engineering; transcriptional regulation; transgenic plants; zinc finger proteins; zinc motifs ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DNA RECOGNITION; ENDOGENOUS LOCUS; ANTISENSE RNA; WILD-TYPE; EXPRESSION; ACTIVATION; FAMILY; SPECIFICITY; CHROMATIN AB The ability to modify plant traits is of great commercial potential in agricultural biotechnology. To this end we have engineered plant-based zinc finger protein transcription factors (ZFP TFs) that minimize the use of non-plant DNA sequences. This novel architecture supports the use of tandem arrays of zinc-finger DNA recognition domains such that the ZFP TF binds a contiguous DNA target site - thus emulating the design of ZFP TFs described previously for mammalian gene regulation. We show that this plant-based ZFP TF architecture supports high affinity DNA binding while allowing the specificity of the DNA-protein interaction to be determined by the amino acid sequences of the recognition helices. This plant-based backbone thus supports the use of previously characterized DNA recognition helices originally identified in a mammalian ZFP context without using mammalian DNA sequences. Moreover, we show that plant-based ZFP TFs employing this new architecture can up-regulate endogenous ADH activity by >20-fold in transgenic Arabidopsis. Thus plant-based ZFP TFs are shown to be potent regulators of gene expression in vivo. C1 Sangamo Biosci Inc, Point Richmond Tech Ctr, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Trait & Technol Dev, Agron Traits, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. Avidia Res Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Gregory, PD (reprint author), Sangamo Biosci Inc, Point Richmond Tech Ctr, 501 Canal Blvd,Suite A100, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM pgregory@sangamo.com NR 54 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 57 IS 3 BP 411 EP 423 DI 10.1007/s11103-004-7820-x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 931IG UT WOS:000229478400007 PM 15830130 ER PT J AU Yao, H Guo, L Fu, Y Borsuk, LA Wen, TJ Skibbe, DS Cui, XQ Scheffler, BE Cao, J Emrich, SJ Ashlock, DA Schnable, PS AF Yao, H Guo, L Fu, Y Borsuk, LA Wen, TJ Skibbe, DS Cui, XQ Scheffler, BE Cao, J Emrich, SJ Ashlock, DA Schnable, PS TI Evaluation of five ab initio gene prediction programs for the discovery of maize genes SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ab initio gene prediction; a1-sh2 interval; maize; maize assembled genomic islands; maize genomic survey sequences ID SPLICE-SITE PREDICTION; GENOMIC DNA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; A1-SH2 INTERVAL; DRAFT SEQUENCE; RICE; ALIGNMENT; RETROTRANSPOSONS; METHYLATION; CONSENSUS AB Five ab initio programs (FGENESH, GeneMark.hmm, GENSCAN, GlimmerR and Grail) were evaluated for their accuracy in predicting maize genes. Two of these programs, GeneMark.hmm and GENSCAN had been trained for maize; FGENESH had been trained for monocots (including maize), and the others had been trained for rice or Arabidopsis. Initial evaluations were conducted using eight maize genes (gl8a, pdc2, pde3, rf2c, rj2d, f2e1, rth1, and rth3) of which the sequences were not released to the public prior to conducting this evaluation. The significant advantage of this data set for this evaluation is that these genes could not have been included in the training sets of the prediction programs. FGENESH yielded the most accurate and GeneMark.hmm the second most accurate predictions. The five programs were used in conjunction with RT-PCR to identify and establish the structures of two new genes in the a1-sh2 interval of the maize genome. FGENESH, GeneMark.hmm and GENSCAN were tested on a larger data set consisting of maize assembled genomic islands (MAGIs) that had been aligned to ESTs. FGENESH, GeneMark.hmm and GENSCAN correctly predicted gene models in 773, 625, and 371 MAGIs, respectively, out of the 1353 MAGIs that comprise data set 2. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Inderdepartmental Grad Programs Genet, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Bioinformat & Computat Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ctr Plant Genom, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, USDA, Mid S Area Genom Facil, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Schnable, PS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM schnable@iastate.edu RI Cao, Jun/E-5422-2012; OI Cui, Xiangqin/0000-0003-0621-9313; Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 45 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 57 IS 3 BP 445 EP 460 DI 10.1007/s11103-005-0271-1 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 931IG UT WOS:000229478400010 PM 15830133 ER PT J AU Fatmi, M Damsteegt, VD Schaad, NW AF Fatmi, M Damsteegt, VD Schaad, NW TI A combined agar-absorption and BIO-PCR assay for rapid, sensitive detection of Xylella fastidiosa in grape and citrus SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIO-PCR; citrus variegated chlorosis; diagnosis; PCR inhibitors; Pierce's disease; real-time PCR ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MICHIGANENSIS SUBSP SEPEDONICUS; PIERCES-DISEASE; BACTERIUM; TREES; IDENTIFICATION; TUBERS; TISSUE; VIRUS; ELISA AB Application of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to disease diagnosis is limited in part by the presence of PCR inhibitors. Inhibition can be overcome and sensitivity increased by culturing bacteria on agar media prior to PCR (termed BIO-PCR). However, Xylella fastidiosa grows slowly, requiring 10-14 days for visible colonies to appear. In this study an agar-absorption BIO-PCR method for detecting X. fastidiosa in grape and citrus plants was developed. Optimum lengths of time for absorption of inhibitors by the agar medium or enrichment of bacteria on the medium were determined for Pierce's disease of grape and citrus variegated chlorosis. When petioles of grape and citrus leaves with symptoms were spotted onto agar media, the spots washed after various time intervals and assayed for X. fastidiosa by real-time PCR, 97% (31 out of 32) and 100% (six out of six) of spots were positive after 2 days and 4 h for grape and citrus, respectively. With direct PCR, only 12.5% (four out of 32) and 33% (two out of six) of spots were positive, respectively, and visible X. fastidiosa colonies were evident after 10 and 14 days, respectively. In a separate experiment with samples from a different vineyard, 46% (13 out of 28) of the grape samples (agar spots) were positive after 1 day and 93% (26 out of 28) after 5 days using agar-absorption PCR. In contrast, all samples were negative by direct PCR. Viable X. fastidiosa were recovered from all samples after 14 days. Further tests with eight randomly selected grape petioles from three Texas vineyards known to have Pierce's disease resulted in 50% being positive by a simple 24 h agar-absorption PCR assay, whereas none was positive by direct PCR. Overall, 10 out of 16 (63%) vines from five vineyards (two in California and three in Texas) were positive after the 24 h agar-absorption PCR assay. In contrast, only one vine was positive by direct PCR. This simple agar absorption-based PCR assay protocol should prove useful for the routine detection of X. fastidiosa and other slow-growing bacteria in the presence of PCR inhibitors. C1 CHA, Inst Agron & Vet Hassan II, Agadir, Morocco. ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Schaad, NW (reprint author), CHA, Inst Agron & Vet Hassan II, BP 18-S, Agadir, Morocco. EM schaad@ncifcrf.gov NR 30 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 54 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2004.01114.x PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 892MO UT WOS:000226654900001 ER PT J AU Pechous, SW Watkins, CB Whitaker, BD AF Pechous, SW Watkins, CB Whitaker, BD TI Expression of alpha-farnesene synthase gene AFS1 in relation to levels of alpha-farnesene and conjugated trienols in peel tissue of scald-susceptible 'Law Rome' and scald-resistant 'Idared' apple fruit SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apple fruit; Malus domestica; alpha-farnesene synthase; ethylene; gene expression; superficial scald ID GRANNY-SMITH APPLES; SUPERFICIAL SCALD; STORED APPLES; FUNCTIONAL DISORDER; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; DELICIOUS APPLES; DIPHENYLAMINE; BIOSYNTHESIS; ETHYLENE; 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE AB Nontreated control and 1-MCP-treated fruit of the scald-susceptible 'Law Rome' and scald-resistant 'Idared' cultivars were compared with respect to scald incidence, internal ethylene concentration (IEC), alpha-farnesene metabolism, and expression of the gene encoding alpha-farnesene synthase (AFSI), the final, rate-limiting enzyme in the a-farnesene biosynthetic pathway. The incidence of scald in nontreated 'Law Rome' apples after 20 weeks at 0.5 degreesC plus 1 week at 20 degreesC averaged 86%; 1-MCP treatment reduced increases in IEC and reduced the incidence of scald to less than 1%. Fruit of 'Idared' showed no scald regardless of the treatment. 1-MCP also inhibited a-farnesene production, suggesting that ethylene induces transcription of key genes involved in alpha-farnesene biosynthesis. In both 'Law Rome' and 'Idared', a sharp increase in AFSI mRNA during the first 4-8 weeks of storage preceded a proportional rise in alpha-farnesene and a subsequent increase in CTols. However, maximum levels of AFS1 transcript, alpha-farnesene, and CTols were, respectively, 2.5-, 4-, and 33-fold greater in 'Law Rome' than in 'Idared' apples. 1-MCP suppressed the increases in AFSI transcript and alpha-farnesene early in storage, although AFS1 expression and a-farnesene synthesis had recovered in treated 'Law Rome' fruit after 20 weeks, consistent with increasing IEC in these fruit. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, BARC West, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Whitaker, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, BARC West, Bldg 002,Rm 117,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM whitakeb@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 45 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 35 IS 2 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2004.08.005 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 895VZ UT WOS:000226893400001 ER PT J AU Woodward, CL Kwon, YM Kubena, LF Byrd, JA Moore, RW Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Woodward, CL Kwon, YM Kubena, LF Byrd, JA Moore, RW Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC TI Reduction of Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis colonization and invasion by an alfalfa diet during molt in leghorn hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Salmonella enteritidis; molting; laying hen; alfalfa; feed withdrawal ID VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; LAYING HENS; UNITED-STATES; CAGED LAYERS; EGG INDUSTRY; FORCED MOLT; TYPHIMURIUM; INFECTION; INHIBITION; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB The standard method for molting to stimulate multiple egg-laying cycles in laying hens is feed deprivation. However, the physiological changes within hens caused by feed deprivation increase susceptibility of the hens to Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) infection. In an effort to develop an alternative method to induce molting without increasing susceptibility to SE, an alfalfa diet was compared with the standard molting method for the level of ovary regression and SE colonization. Hens over 50 wk of age were divided into 3 treatment,groups (12 hens/group): nonmolting by normal feeding (NM), molting by feed deprivation (M), and molting by 0 alfalfa diet (A). Individual hens on all treatments were challenged orally with 10(5) cfu of SE on the fourth day 0 1 after feed changes and were analyzed for ovary weight and SE colonization or invasion in crop contents, cecal contents, liver, spleen, and ovary on the ninth day. In 3 of the 4 trials, there was a significant decrease in SE colonization of the crop between the alfalfa diet (A) and the feed deprived molt (M). In most of the 4 trials, there was a significant reduction in SE infected organs in birds fed the alfalfa diet (A) compared with birds undergoing feed deprived molt (M). Most of the trials showed no significant difference in overall SE between A and NM. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that an alfalfa diet has the potential to be used as an alternative method for forced molting, without increasing the incidence of SE in eggs and internal organs. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM sricke@poultry.tamu.edu NR 41 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 84 IS 2 BP 185 EP 193 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 891PI UT WOS:000226592600001 PM 15742953 ER PT J AU Kubena, LF Byrd, JA Moore, RW Ricke, SC Nisbet, DJ AF Kubena, LF Byrd, JA Moore, RW Ricke, SC Nisbet, DJ TI Effects of drinking water treatment on susceptibility of laying hens to Salmonella enteritidis during forced molt SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Salmonella enteritidis; molting; laying hen; lactic acid; acetic acid ID PRESLAUGHTER FEED WITHDRAWAL; AGE BROILER-CHICKENS; LEGHORN HENS; HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CROP EPITHELIUM; UNITED-STATES; BOVINE RUMEN; INFECTION; COLONIZATION AB Feed deprivation is used in the layer industry to induce molting and stimulate multiple egg-laying cycles in laying hens. Unfortunately, the stress involved increases susceptibility to Salmonella enteritidis (SE), the risk of SE-positive eggs, and incidence of SE in internal organs. Leghorn hens over 50 wk of age were divided into 4 treatment groups of 12 hens each in experiment I and 3 treatment groups of 12 hens in experiments 2 and 3, hens were placed in individual laying hen cages. Treatment groups were 1) nonmolted (NM) and received feed and distilled water for 9 d, 2) force molted by feed removal for 9 d and received distilled water, 3) force molted by feed removal for 9 d and received 0.5% lactic acid (LA) in distilled water. An additional group (4) in experiment I only was force molted by feed removal for 9 d and received 0.5% acetic acid in distilled water. Seven days before feed removal hens were exposed to an 8L:16D photoperiod, which was continued throughout the experiment. Individual hens among all treatments were challenged orally with 104 SE on d 4 of feed removal. When compared with the NM treatments, weight losses were significantly higher in the M treatments, regardless of water treatments. When compared with NM treatments, crop PH was significantly higher in the M treatment receiving distilled water. Crop pH was reduced to that of the NM controls by 0.5%, acetic acid in the drinking water. No consistent significant changes were observed for volatile fatty acids. The number of hens positive for SE in crop and ceca after culture and the number of SE per crop and per gram of cecal contents were higher in the M treatments, when compared with the NM treatments, but there was no effect of addition of either of the acids to the drinking water. Additional research using different acid treatment regimens may provide a tool for reducing the incidence of SE in eggs and internal organs during and following molting of laying hens. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Kleberg Ctr, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Kubena, LF (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM kubena@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 53 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 84 IS 2 BP 204 EP 211 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 891PI UT WOS:000226592600003 PM 15742955 ER PT J AU Zhou, H Mitchell, AD McMurtry, JP Ashwell, CM Lamont, SJ AF Zhou, H Mitchell, AD McMurtry, JP Ashwell, CM Lamont, SJ TI Insulin-like growth factor-I gene polymorphism associations with growth, body composition, skeleton integrity, and metabolic traits in chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE insulin-like growth factor; single nucleotide polymorphism; growth; body composition; skeletal integrity ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; BROILER-CHICKENS; IGF-II; HOMOLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT; LOCI; POULTRY; WEIGHT AB Molecular genetic selection on individual genes is a promising method to genetically improve economically important traits in chickens. A resource population was developed to study the genetics of growth, body composition, skeletal integrity, and metabolism traits. Broiler sires were crossed to dams of 2 diverse, highly inbred lines (Leghorn and Fayoumi), and the F, birds were intermated by dam line to produce broiler Leghorn and broiler-Fayoumi F-2 offspring. Growth, body composition, skeletal integrity, and hormonal and metabolic factors were measured in 713 F2 individuals. Insulinlike growth factor-I (IGF1) was selected for study as a biological and positional candidate gene. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was identified between the founder lines in the JGF1 promoter region, and a PCR- RFLP assay was developed. A mixed model was used to statistically analyze associations of IGF1-SNP1 with phenotypic traits. The IGF1-SNP1 had significant associations with most recorded traits, except metabolic traits. Strong interactions between the IGF1 gene and genetic background on growth traits in the 2 F2 populations suggest that genetic interaction is an important aspect for consideration before using the IGF1-SNP1 in marker-assisted selection programs. Several beneficial effects (improved growth, increased breast muscle weight, decreased abdominal fat, and enhanced skeletal integrity) associated with I allele indicate the presence of 1 or more loci near IGF1-SNP1 controlling biologically diverse and economically important traits in chickens. C1 USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ashwell, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sjlamont@iastate.edu NR 42 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 8 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 84 IS 2 BP 212 EP 219 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 891PI UT WOS:000226592600004 PM 15742956 ER PT J AU Lyon, BG Smith, DP Savage, EM AF Lyon, BG Smith, DP Savage, EM TI Descriptive sensory analysis of broiler breast fillets marinated in phosphate, salt, and acid solutions SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler fillet; sensory; marination; flavor; texture ID ORGANIC-ACIDS; MEAT AB Sensor), attributes of fully aged broiler breast fillets marinated in a 6% NaCl solution containing 2% sodium tripolyphosphate (2P), 2% citric acid (2C), 2% acetic acid (2A), 1% citric acid plus 1% phosphate solution (IC), or 1% acetic acid solution plus 1% phosphate (1A) were studied. A 6% NaCl (6S) solution with no additives was used as control. Oven-cooked samples (177Cdegrees oven; 75degreesC internal temperature) were evaluated by a 9-member trained descriptive analysis sensory panel that rated the intensities of 26 different flavor and texture attributes using 15-point line scales. Data were analyzed using general linear model SAS procedures to determine significant differences (P less than or equal to 0.05) in individual sensory attributes due to marinade treatment. All sensory attributes were scored in the low intensity range (1.5 to 5.0). Brothy, vinegar, and residual particles were the only individual attributes rated significantly different (P less than or equal to 0.05) due to treatment. Multivariate analyses indicated that all sensory attributes formed 2 dimensions that explained 57% of variation in the data. The low intensity values for texture attributes indicated possible negative consequences due to phosphates, salt, and acids when used with fully aged fillets. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Lyon, BG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM beelyn@aol.com NR 12 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 84 IS 2 BP 345 EP 349 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 891PI UT WOS:000226592600021 PM 15742973 ER PT J AU Zepeda, C Salman, M Thiermann, A Kellar, J Rojas, H Willeberg, R AF Zepeda, C Salman, M Thiermann, A Kellar, J Rojas, H Willeberg, R TI The role of veterinary epidemiology and veterinary services in complying with the World Trade Organization SPS agreement SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE WTO; SPS agreement; international trade; veterinary services; veterinary epidemiology; risk; analysis; regionalization; surveillance; harmonization; equivalence; transparency ID ANIMAL HEALTH; RISK ANALYSIS; CHALLENGES AB The agreement on the application of sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS agreement) was one of the major products of the GATT's Uruguay round of multilateral trade negotiations, signed in Marrakesh on 15 April 1994. This agreement and others are part of the treaty that established the World Trade Organization (WTO). The WTO superseded the GATT as the umbrella organization for international trade (WTO, 1998a). The SPS agreement's main intent is to provide guidelines and provisions to member countries to facilitate trade while taking measures to protect human, animal or plant life or health. The agreement dictates that all sanitary measures must be scientifically based and not more restrictive than required to avoid the risk identified. The agreement recommends the use of international standards from the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), Codex Alimentarius (CAC) and the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) as the basis for import requirements. If a country chooses to apply more restrictive measures than those in the international standards, it has to justify its position through a risk analysis, thus avoiding the use of sanitary and phytosanitary measures as unjustified barriers to trade. More than ever, veterinary services worldwide are faced with having to fulfill a crucial role in protecting their country's animal health status, provide sound surveillance information on the occurrence of diseases within their territories, and conduct scientifically valid risk analyses to establish justified import requirements. During the past two decades, most countries have experienced resource reduction in their veterinary services. The effect of these policies has been severe, in many cases leading to an inability of veterinary services to conduct their disease prevention and control duties. There is a clear inconsistency between the demands placed on veterinary services and the current level of funding and support they are receiving, particularly in the developing world. This paper analyzes the implications in complying with the SPS agreement and explores the role of veterinary epidemiology in developing viable alternatives that can enhance the veterinary services' ability to perforrn under the current economic reality. The key provisions of the SPS agreement are regionalization, risk analysis, harmonization, equivalence and transparency. The paper focuses on the contribution of epidemiology in each of these areas in the effective implementation of the SPS agreement. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, USDA, APHIS VS, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, USDA, APHIS VS, Ctr Anim Populat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Zepeda, C (reprint author), CEAH 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM cristobal.zepeda@aphis.usda.gov NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 67 IS 2-3 BP 125 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2004.11.005 PG 16 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 906PF UT WOS:000227653500006 PM 15737427 ER PT J AU Tucker, KL Maras, J Champagne, C Connell, C Goolsby, S Weber, J Zaghloul, S Carithers, T Bogle, ML AF Tucker, KL Maras, J Champagne, C Connell, C Goolsby, S Weber, J Zaghloul, S Carithers, T Bogle, ML TI A regional food-frequency questionnaire for the US Mississippi Delta SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE food-frequency questionnaire; lower Mississippi Delta; dietary methodology; dietary intake; African Americans ID 24-HOUR DIETARY RECALL; DESIGN; NUTRITION; VARIANCE; VALIDITY; ADULTS AB Objective: To describe food sources of nutrient intake for white and African American adults in the Lower Mississippi Delta (LMD), and their use in the development of a regional food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) based on an earlier version of the National Cancer Institute's Health Habits and History Questionnaire. Design: We ranked food sources of energy, macronutrients, vitamins and minerals, and examined portion size distributions for 842 white and 857 African American residents aged 19 years and older, using 24-hour dietary intake recall data from a telephone survey of 36 LMD counties. These values were used to develop a regional FFQ, which was then field-tested with 100 subjects and revised to improve interpretability. Setting: The LMD region of the USA. Subjects: White and African American adult residents of the LMD. Results: LMD African Americans obtained more of their energy and nutrient intakes from poultry, processed meat, salty snacks, fruit drinks, pork and cornbread; and less from milk, alcohol, legumes, salad dressing, butter/margarine and sweetened tea than did white residents. Regional foods not on nationally used FFQs included grits, turnip greens, okra, ham hocks, chitterlings, crawfish, catfish, cracklings, jambalaya, potato logs, chicken and dumplings, and sweet potato pie. Based on responses during field-testing, the questionnaire was also designed to add four portion sizes for each food item, presented as questions, rather than in grid format. Conclusions: Regional food use patterns differ from national patterns and furthermore differ between African American and white adults in the LMD. The resulting Delta NIRI FFQ for Adults should contribute to improved assessment of usual intake for use in studies of diet and health in this region. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. Univ So Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. Arkansas Childrens Hosp Res Inst, Little Rock, AR USA. Univ Arkansas, Pine Bluff, AR USA. Jackson Heart Study, Jackson, MS USA. USDA ARS, Little Rock, AR USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 21 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 2 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 8 IS 1 BP 87 EP 96 DI 10.1079/PHN2004663 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 896FL UT WOS:000226919900014 PM 15705249 ER PT J AU Smith, L AF Smith, L TI Weed whacking ('Wicked Weed of the West') SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Letter C1 USDA ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Smith, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOCIATES PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD FEB PY 2005 VL 35 IS 11 BP 16 EP 16 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 890EV UT WOS:000226495400006 ER PT J AU McLain, JET Martens, DA AF McLain, JET Martens, DA TI Nitrous oxide flux from soil amino acid mineralization SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE nitrous oxide; nitrifier denitrification; N cycling; greenhouse gas ID SONORAN DESERT ECOSYSTEM; ORGANIC NITROGEN; NITRIC-OXIDE; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; N2O EMISSIONS; FOREST SOIL; DENITRIFICATION; NITRIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; VARIABLES AB Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a greenhouse gas produced during microbial transformation of soil N that has been implicated in global climate warming Nitrous oxide efflux from N fertilized soils has been modeled using NO3- content with a limited success, but predicting N2O production in non-fertilized soils has proven to be much more complex. The present study investigates the contribution of soil amino acid (AA) mineralization to N2O flux from semi-arid soils. In laboratory incubations (-34 kPa moisture potential), soil mineralization of eleven AAs (100 mug AA-N g(-1) soil) promoted a wide range in the production of N2O (156.0 +/- 79.3 ng N2O during 12 d incubations. Comparison of the delta(13)C content (parts per thousand) of the individual AAs and the delta(13)C signature of the respired AA-CO2-C determined that, with the exception of TYR, all of the AAs were completely mineralized during incubations, allowing for the calculation of a N2O-N conversion rate from each AA. Next, soils from three different semi-arid vegetation ecosystems with a wide range in total N content were incubated and monitored for CO2 and N2O efflux. A model utilizing CO2 respired from the three soils as a measure of organic matter C mineralization, a preincubation soil AA composition of each soil, and the N2O-N conversion rate from the AA incubations effectively predicted the range of N2O production by all three soils. Nitrous oxide flux did not correspond to factors shown to influence anaerobic denitrification, including soil NOT contents, soil moisture, oxygen consumption, and CO2 respiration, suggesting that nitrification and aerobic nitrifier denitrification could be contributing to N2O production in these soils. Results indicate that quantification of AA mineralization may be useful for predicting N2O production in soils. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Martens, DA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM dmartens@tucson.ars.ag.gov NR 45 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 37 IS 2 BP 289 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.03.013 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 891DK UT WOS:000226561300012 ER PT J AU Mikha, MM Rice, CW Milliken, GA AF Mikha, MM Rice, CW Milliken, GA TI Carbon and nitrogen mineralization as affected by drying and wetting cycles SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dry-wet cycles; carbon and nitrogen flush; aggregate destruction and size distribution ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ORGANIC-MATTER; PLANT-MATERIAL; SOIL CARBON; DYNAMICS; TRANSFORMATIONS; DECOMPOSITION; DESICCATION; PSEUDOMONAS; FUMIGATION AB Drying and rewetting of soil is an important process in soil aggregation, soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition, and nutrient cycling We investigated the source of the C and N flush that occurs upon rewetting of dry soil, and whether it is from microbial death and/or aggregate destruction. A moderately well drained Kennebec silt loam (Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Hapludoll) was sampled to a 10 cm depth. Soil under constant water content (CWC) was compared with soil subjected to a series of four dry-wet (DW) cycles during the experimental period (96 d) and incubated at 25 degreesC. Mineralized C and N were measured during the drying and rewetting periods. Aggregate size distributions were studied by separating the soil into four aggregate size classes (> 2000, 250-2000, 53-250, and 2053 pm) by wet sieving. Repeated DW cycles significantly reduced cumulative N mineralization compared with CWC. The reduction in cumulative mineralized C resulting from DW compared with CWC increased as the DW treatments were subjected to additional cycles. The flush of mineralized C significantly decreased with repeated DW cycles. There was no significant effect on aggregate size distributions resulting from to the DW cycles compared with CWC treatment. Therefore, the flush of mineralized C and N seemed to be mostly microbial in origin in as much as aggregate distribution was unaffected by DW cycles. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr 2004, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Mikha, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, 40335 Cty Rd,GG, Akron, CO 80720 USA. EM maysoon.mikha@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 147 Z9 182 U1 13 U2 82 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 37 IS 2 BP 339 EP 347 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.08.003 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 891DK UT WOS:000226561300017 ER PT J AU Starr, GC Cooley, ET Lowery, B Kelling, K AF Starr, GC Cooley, ET Lowery, B Kelling, K TI Soil water fluctuations in a loamy sand under irrigated potato SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil; water; irrigation; potato; systems; time series; diagnostic modeling ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; DAILY TEMPERATURE WAVE; CLIMATIC CONDITIONS; VAPOR ADSORPTION; MOISTURE; INFILTRATION; TRANSPORT; ERRORS AB Diagnostic indicators were developed to evaluate water storage, infiltration, drainage, and uptake distribution patterns over a potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) hill to improve efficiency in drip and sprinkler irrigation. Soil water content time series were measured in the hills and in the furrow between hills using time domain reflectometry. The drainage indicator was significantly (P = 0.05) higher under sprinkler than drip beneath the furrow and at the toe location. Storage was low at the center under sprinkler irrigation (0.05 m(3) m(-3)) where irrigation water did not infiltrate. Water storage was low at the shoulder location under both irrigation systems (significantly greater for sprinkler than drip) where high uptake rates were indicated. A diurnal/sinusoidal model of water uptake was fitted to a composite of the daily cycle of low-amplitude fluctuations with acceptable results (R-2 = 0.39-0.72) for both systems at the shoulder and toe locations and at the center under drip. Uptake was virtually undetectable (R-2 = 0.12-0.18) at the base and furrow locations. Deviations from the sinusoidal model were better accounted for by a polynomial model (R-2 = 0.29-0.83) and seemed to indicate irrigation-induced flow and nonsinusoidal uptake. Electronic noise also contributed to the variability. The indicator of peak uptake time shifted from about 3 p.m. to 8 p.m., and uptake decreased as the depth from the top of the hill increased. Management practices targeted at wetting the hill center under the sprinkler would likely improve water use efficiency under these conditions. C1 Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Starr, GC (reprint author), Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM Gordon.starr@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 170 IS 2 BP 77 EP 89 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000155492.40452.4f PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 899AV UT WOS:000227118200001 ER PT J AU Olness, A Archer, D AF Olness, A Archer, D TI Effect of organic carbon on available water in soil SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil texture; field capacity; wilting point; General Energy Model for Limited Systems ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; MOISTURE CHARACTERISTICS; PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; MECHANICAL ANALYSIS; MATTER CONTENT; BULK-DENSITY; LOAM SOIL; CAPACITY; RETENTION AB A model of the water-holding characteristics of soil is needed to develop a systematic method for determining the value of organic C in soil. In the United States, available water-holding capacity (AWC) in soil is that water retained in soil between field capacity and the permanent wilting point; these limits are approximated by that water retained between two energy limits: -1500 matrix potential (hygroscopic and rnicropore water) and about -33 kPa matrix potential (capillary rise). The General Energy Model for Limited Systems (GEMLS) was used to describe the effects of clay, silt, and organic matter on the AWC limits. The U.S. national soil inventory database (more than 100,000 entries) was segmented into narrow ranges of organic C content and silt content. The data from each subset were plotted as a function of soil clay content. Because of an apparent matrix transition effect, two complementary GEMLS functions were used to describe the -33 kPa and -1500 kPa water content as a function of soil clay, silt, and organic C contents. The model used six parameters (two function coefficients, two energy coefficients, and two critical clay contents), and required an initial manual fit of the models to the data subsets (about 100 20 observations). Criteria for acceptance were uniform and homogenous distribution of the model residuals, absence of a detectable trend in the residual distribution, zero error sum, and maximal R-2. The primary energy coefficients were correlated with silt content. After the initial manual fit, the data were subjected to analysis using the SAS PROC MODEL procedure and a variable energy coefficient. Subsequent analyses indicated a complex relationship between the energy coefficients and the soil organic C content. A 1% increase in soil organic carbon causes a 2 to >5% increase in soil AWC depending on the soil texture. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Olness, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM olness@iw.net OI Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040 NR 49 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 31 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 170 IS 2 BP 90 EP 101 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000155496.63323.35 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 899AV UT WOS:000227118200002 ER PT J AU Elliott, KJ Vose, JM AF Elliott, KJ Vose, JM TI Initial effects of prescribed fire on quality of soil solution and streamwater in the southern Appalachian mountains SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE nitrate-nitrogen; sediment; disturbance; restoration; shortleaf pine ecosystems ID PINE-HARDWOOD STANDS; WATER-QUALITY; NITROGEN; REPLACEMENT; ECOSYSTEMS; CARBON AB Prescribed burning is being used in the Conasauga River Watershed in southeastern Tennessee and northern Georgia by National Forest managers to restore degraded pine/oak communities. The purpose of these burns is to restore shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Miller)/mixed-oak forests with more diverse understories, which include native bluestem grasses (Andropogon gyrans Ashe and Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash). Although burning might be an effective tool for restoring these stands to a shortleaf pine/mixed-oak/bluestem grass community type, it is not known whether these restoration burns will have a negative impact on water quality. Six subwatersheds (similar in vegetation, soil type, stream size and location, and disturbance history) were located within the Conasauga River Watershed. Four of the sites were burned in Mar. 2001, and two sites were designated as controls. To evaluate initial effects of prescribed burning on water quality, we measured soil solution and streamwater nutrient concentrations and streamwater sediment concentration (TSS; total suspended solids) weekly over a 10-month period. Consistent with goals of the land managers, all the prescribed fires resulted in low- to moderate-intensity and low-severity fires. Soil solution and streamwater NO(3)(-)-N and NH(4)(+)-N did not increase after burning on any of the sites. We found no differences in TSS between burn and control streams in any of the sample periods. In addition, we found no detectable differences between control and burned sites for concentrations of PO(4)(3-), SO(4)(2-), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), K(+), or pH in soil solution or streamwater. Thus, these prescribed restoration fires did not have a significant effect on soil solution and stream chemistry or stream sediment (TSS) concentrations. Our results suggest that low-intensity, low-severity fires, such as those in this study, could be used as a tool to restore vegetation structure and composition in these mixed pine-hardwood ecosystems without negatively impacting water quality. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Elliott, KJ (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, 3160 Coweeta Lab Rd, Otto, NC 28763 USA. EM kelliott@fs.fed.us NR 35 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 16 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 29 IS 1 BP 5 EP 15 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 901OT UT WOS:000227292500002 ER PT J AU Husak, AL Grado, SC Bullard, SH Moffat, SO AF Husak, AL Grado, SC Bullard, SH Moffat, SO TI Silvicultural best management practice compliance monitoring programs in the southern United States SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE BMPs; compliance; expenditures; monitoring; silviculture; southern United States AB Passage of the Clean Water Act (CWA) of 1972 prompted states to invest significant resources to develop programs to control nonpoint source (NPS) polluttion from forestry and other activities. Forestry-related agencies and organizations have since developed silvicultural best management practice (BMP) guidelines to reduce NPS pollution, maintain stream integrity, and meet state water quality standards. To determine the effectiveness and implementation level of best management practices (BMP) oil public and private forestland, states,further developed and implemented their BMP compliance monitoring programs. This study documents the similarities and differences in efforts, methods, resources, and expenditures among BMP compliance monitoring programs across the 13 southern states. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Coll Forest Resources, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA, Forest Serv So Res Stn, New Orleans, LA 70113 USA. RP Husak, AL (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Coll Forest Resources, Box 9681, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM ahusak@cfr.msstate.edu NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 29 IS 1 BP 48 EP 52 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 901OT UT WOS:000227292500008 ER PT J AU Spooner, DM Peralta, IE Knapp, S AF Spooner, DM Peralta, IE Knapp, S TI Comparison of AFLPs with other markers for phylogenetic inference in wild tomatoes [Solanum L. section Lycopersicon (Mill.) Wettst.] SO TAXON LA English DT Article DE amplified fragment length polymorphism; AFLP; congruence tests; Lycopersicon; phylogeny; Solanaceae; Solanum section Lycopersicon; tomato ID GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; SPECIES RELATIONSHIPS; GENUS LYCOPERSICON; SOLANACEAE; SEQUENCES; POTATO; INCONGRUENCE; VARIABILITY; SYSTEMATICS; CONGRUENCE AB Wild tomatoes (Solanum section Lycopersicon) are native to western South America. The delimitation and relationships of tomato species have differed widely depending upon whether morphological or biological species concepts are considered more important. Molecular data from mitochondrial, nuclear, and chloroplast DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), nuclear microsatellites, isozymes, and gene sequences of internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS; multiple-copy), the single-copy nuclear encoded Granule-bound Starch Synthase gene (GBSSI or waxy), and morphology, have been used to examine hypotheses of species relationships. This study is a companion to the previous GBSSI gene sequence study and to the morphological study of relationships of all ten wild tomato species (including the recently described S. gala-pagense), with a concentration on the most widespread and variable species S. peruvianum s.l. These new AFLP data are largely concordant with the GBSSI and morphological data and in general support the species outlined in the latest treatment by C.M. Rick, but demonstrate the distinct nature of northern and southern Peruvian populations of S. peruvianum, and suggest that their taxonomy needs revision. Solanum ochranthum is supported as sister to wild tomatoes, and S. habrochaites and S. pennellii reside in a basal polytomy in the tomato clade. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Nacl Cuyo, Dept Agron, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, IADIZA, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Bot, London SW7 5BD, England. RP Spooner, DM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dspooner@wisc.edu; iperalta@fca.unca.edu.ar; sk@nhm.ac.uk RI Knapp, Sandra/A-4856-2011 OI Knapp, Sandra/0000-0001-7698-3945 NR 65 TC 109 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 22 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY PI VIENNA PA C/O UNIV VIENNA, INST BOTANY, RENNWEG 14, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD FEB PY 2005 VL 54 IS 1 BP 43 EP 61 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 907KF UT WOS:000227715000006 ER PT J AU Parikh, DV Fink, T Rajasekharan, K Sachinvala, ND Sawhney, APS Calamari, TA Parikh, AD AF Parikh, DV Fink, T Rajasekharan, K Sachinvala, ND Sawhney, APS Calamari, TA Parikh, AD TI Antimicrobial silver/sodium carboxymethyl cotton dressings for burn wounds SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SILVER-SULFADIAZINE; TOPICAL SILVER AB Antimicrobial Ag/Na carboxymethyl cotton burn dressings are developed by partial cation exchange of sodium by silver from sodium carboxymethyl cotton gauze/nonwovens through treatment with silver nitrate in an 85/15 ethanol/water medium. The ethanol/water medium is necessary to preserve the fibrous form of carboxymethyl gauze/nonwovens with a degree of substitution of 0.3 to 0.4. From the behavior of antimicrobial release and the suppression of bacterial and fungal proliferation, it is apparent that the dressings containing the silver antimicrobial agent will protect wound surfaces from microbial invasion and effectively suppress bacterial proliferation. Antimicrobial evaluations of Ag/Na carboxymethyl cotton at North American Science Associates and the Southern Regional Research Center are positive. Additionally, the results show that an enhanced burn treatment is possible using a highly moisture retentive sodium carboxymethyl gauze instead of conventional gauze now used with silver nitrate. The carboxymethyl gauze's capacity to hold a large amount of antimicrobial solution creates the possibility for better antimicrobial treatment. The retention of a greater amount of silver nitrate solution on the dressing will require less replenishment of solution on dressings on patients, which will reduce nursing time. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Permanente Fdn Hosp S Bay, Harbor City, CA 90710 USA. RP Parikh, DV (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 11 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 10 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 75 IS 2 BP 134 EP 138 DI 10.1177/004051750507500208 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 897UC UT WOS:000227029900008 ER PT J AU Cardamone, JM Yao, J Phillips, JG AF Cardamone, JM Yao, J Phillips, JG TI Combined bleaching, shrinkage prevention, and biopolishing of wool fabrics SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In earlier work, we established that alkaline hydrogen peroxide systems that include dicyandiamide, gluconic acid, and Triton X surfactant, used alone or followed by enzyme treatments, control shrinkage in wool fabrics to 3.0% and 1.2%, respectively. We have perfected this system for complete shrinkage control with no loss in mechanical properties by using the same pretreatment and enzyme applied from a buffered triethanolamine solution that incorporates sodium sulfite. Fabrics treated by this method are bright white and exhibit a soft handle with a smoothed surface. Digital image analysis is used to quantify fiber projections above the fabric surface for a measurement of smoothness. A statistical analysis with a central composite design reveals the optimum concentrations of enzyme, sodium sulfite, and exposure time that maximize shrinkage control while maintaining adequate levels of tensile strength and weight loss. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Cardamone, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jcardamone@arserrc.gov NR 14 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 75 IS 2 BP 169 EP 174 DI 10.1177/004051750507500215 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 897UC UT WOS:000227029900015 ER PT J AU Rousselle, MA Thibodeaux, DP French, AD AF Rousselle, MA Thibodeaux, DP French, AD TI Cotton fiber properties and moisture: Water of imbibition SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Southern Regional Research Center (SRRC) is participating in a multi-year area-of-growth study of selected cotton cultivars. We report here preliminary moisture data (water of imbibition) on the cottons from the 2001 crop year, and compare them to maturity properties determined by image analysis and to micronaire. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Rousselle, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 75 IS 2 BP 177 EP 180 DI 10.1177/004051750507500217 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 897UC UT WOS:000227029900017 ER PT J AU Dinu, II Hayes, RJ Kynast, RG Phillips, RL Thill, CA AF Dinu, II Hayes, RJ Kynast, RG Phillips, RL Thill, CA TI Novel inter-series hybrids in Solanum, section Petota SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ENDOSPERM BALANCE NUMBER; 2N POLLEN PRODUCTION; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; INTERSPECIFIC CROSSES; DOUBLE FERTILIZATION; DOUBLE POLLINATION; DIFFERENT PLOIDIES; SEED DEVELOPMENT; GENETIC-CONTROL; MALE-STERILITY AB Sexual hybrids between distantly related Solanum species can undergo endosperm failure, a post-zygotic barrier in inter-species hybridizations. This barrier is explained by the endosperm balance number (EBN) hypothesis, which states that parents must have corresponding EBNs for viable seed formation. Tests for inter-crossability were made involving the Mexican species Solanum pinnatisectum Dunal. (series Pinnatisecta, A(pi) A(pi), 1EBN), autotetraploids of this species, Solanum verrucosum Schlechtd. ( series Tuberosa, AA, 2EBN), haploids (2x, 2EBN) of the South American S. tuberosum L. (series Tuberosa, A(1)A(1)A(2)A(2), 4EBN), and F-2 haploid-species hybrids with South American species ( AA, 2EBN) S. berthaultii Hawkes, S. sparsipilum (Bitter.) Juz. and Bukasov and S. chacoense Bitter. The development of hybrid endosperms was investigated for these combinations by confocal microscopy with regard to cell-division timing and tissue collapse. Novel sexual diploid (AA(pi)) and triploid (AA(pi) A(pi)) inter-series hybrids were generated from S. verrucosum x S. pinnatisectum crosses by using post-pollination applications of auxin. F-1 embryos were rescued in vitro. The hybrid status of recovered plants was verified by microsatellite marker analysis, and the ploidy was determined by chromosome counting. The application of phytohormones in interploidy S. pinnatisectum x S. tuberosum crosses, however, did not delay endosperm collapse, and embryos were not formed. Other diploid, 1EBN species tested in remote hybridizations with Group Tuberosum were S. cardiophyllum Lindl., S. trifidum Correll, and S. tarnii Hawkes and Hjert., series Pinnatisecta, and S. bulbocastanum Dunal., series Bulbocastana. Based on the analysis of post-zygotic reproductive barriers among isolated species of section Petota, we propose strategies to overcome such incompatibilities. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Ctr Microbial & Plant Genomics, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Thill, CA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, 305 Adlerman Hall,1970 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM thill005@umn.edu NR 68 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 110 IS 3 BP 403 EP 415 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1782-x PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 898BD UT WOS:000227049900001 PM 15517147 ER PT J AU Song, QJ Shi, JR Singh, S Fickus, EW Costa, JM Lewis, J Gill, BS Ward, R Cregan, PB AF Song, QJ Shi, JR Singh, S Fickus, EW Costa, JM Lewis, J Gill, BS Ward, R Cregan, PB TI Development and mapping of microsatellite (SSR) markers in wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; CHROMOSOME SUBSTITUTION LINES; MOLECULAR-GENETIC MAPS; RUST RESISTANCE GENE; PHYSICAL MAPS; COMMON WHEAT; LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; HOMOEOLOGOUS GROUP-4; HEXAPLOID WHEAT AB Microsatellite DNA markers are consistently found to be more informative than other classes of markers in hexaploid wheat. The objectives of this research were to develop new primers flanking wheat microsatellites and to position the associated loci on the wheat genome map by genetic linkage mapping in the ITMI W7984 x Opata85 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population and/or by physical mapping with cytogenetic stocks. We observed that the efficiency of marker development could be increased in wheat by creating libraries from sheared rather than enzyme-digested DNA fragments for microsatellite screening, by focusing on microsatellites with the [ATT/TAA](n) motif, and by adding an untemplated G-C clamp to the 5'-end of primers. A total of 540 microsatellite-flanking primer pairs were developed, tested, and annotated from random genomic libraries. Primer pairs and associated loci were assigned identifiers prefixed with BARC (the acronym for the USDA-ARS Beltsville Agricultural Research Center) or Xbarc, respectively. A subset of 315 primer sets was used to map 347 loci. One hundred and twenty-five loci were localized by physical mapping alone. Of the 222 loci mapped with the ITMI population, 126 were also physically mapped. Considering all mapped loci, 126, 125, and 96 mapped to the A, B, and D genomes, respectively. Twenty-three of the new loci were positioned in gaps larger than 10 cM in the map based on pre-existing markers, and 14 mapped to the ends of chromosomes. The length of the linkage map was extended by 80.7 cM. Map positions were consistent for 111 of the 126 loci positioned by both genetic and physical mapping. The majority of the 15 discrepancies between genetic and physical mapping involved chromosome group 5. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soybean Genomics & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resources Sci & Landscape, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Jiangsu Acad Agr Sci, Nanjing 210014, Peoples R China. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Cregan, PB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soybean Genomics & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM creganp@ba.ars.usda.gov RI ward, Rick/F-8954-2013 OI ward, Rick/0000-0003-4436-0019 NR 75 TC 369 Z9 430 U1 9 U2 59 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 110 IS 3 BP 550 EP 560 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1871-x PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 898BD UT WOS:000227049900015 PM 15655666 ER PT J AU Lee, GJ Carter, TE Villagarcia, MR Li, Z Zhou, X Gibbs, MO Boerma, HR AF Lee, GJ Carter, TE Villagarcia, MR Li, Z Zhou, X Gibbs, MO Boerma, HR TI A major QTL conditioning salt tolerance in S-100 soybean and descendent cultivars (vol 109, pg 1610, 2004) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. Pioneer Hi Bred, Canola Res Ctr, Georgetown, ON L7G 4S7, Canada. Agr Extens Agent, Swan Quarter, NC 27885 USA. RP Boerma, HR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rboerma@uga.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 110 IS 4 BP 787 EP 787 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1911-6 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 907JZ UT WOS:000227714400021 ER PT J AU Smith, DM Lunney, JK Martens, GW Ando, A Lee, JH Ho, CS Schook, L Renard, C Chardon, P AF Smith, DM Lunney, JK Martens, GW Ando, A Lee, JH Ho, CS Schook, L Renard, C Chardon, P TI Nomenclature for factors of the SLA class-I system, 2004 SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Article DE comparative MHC class-I; immunogenetics; major histocompatibility complex; nomenclature; swine leucocyte antigens ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; MINIATURE SWINE; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; GENES; EXPRESSION; PIG; POLYMORPHISM; SEQUENCE; REGION; ANTIGENS AB A systematic nomenclature for the genes and alleles of the swine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is essential to the development and communication of research in swine immunology. The Swine Leucocyte Antigen (SLA) Nomenclature Committee of the International Society for Animal Genetics has reviewed all of the DNA sequence information for MHC class-I genes, available in GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ databases, and the associated published reports in order to develop such a systematic nomenclature. This report summarizes the proposed nomenclature, which parallels the World Health Organization's nomenclature for factors of the human MHC. The classical class-I SLA genes are designated as SLA-1, SLA-2 and SLA-3; the non-classical as SLA-6, SLA-7 and SLA-8. Nomenclature assignments for all SLA class-I GenBank sequences are now noted. The Committee will add new SLA class-I allele designations, as they are discovered, and will maintain a publicly available list of all recognized genes and alleles by using the International ImMunoGeneTics Project and its Immuno Polymorphism Database/MHC (IPD/MHC) sequence database for MHC sequences in veterinary species. C1 Baylor Univ, Med Ctr, ISAG SLA Nomenclature Comm, Dallas, TX 75246 USA. ARS, USDA, BARC, APDL, Beltsville, MD USA. Tokai Univ, Sch Med, Kanagawa 2591100, Japan. Chungnam Natl Univ, Taejon, South Korea. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. INRA, CEA, Jouy En Josas, France. RP Smith, DM (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Med Ctr, ISAG SLA Nomenclature Comm, 3500 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX 75246 USA. EM dsmith@baylorhealth.edu RI Ho, Chak-Sum/C-7252-2008; OI Schook, Lawrence/0000-0002-6580-8364 NR 44 TC 66 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-2815 J9 TISSUE ANTIGENS JI Tissue Antigens PD FEB PY 2005 VL 65 IS 2 BP 136 EP 149 DI 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2004.00337.x PG 14 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA 897QQ UT WOS:000227020100002 PM 15713212 ER PT J AU Allen, CB Will, RE McGarvey, RC Coyle, DR Coleman, MD AF Allen, CB Will, RE McGarvey, RC Coyle, DR Coleman, MD TI Radiation-use efficiency and gas exchange responses to water and nutrient availability in irrigated and fertilized stands of sweetgum and sycamore SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fertilization; intercepted radiation; irrigation; Liquidambar styraciflua; photosynthesis; Platanus occidentalis ID LIGHT USE EFFICIENCY; AGED PINUS-TAEDA; LOBLOLLY-PINE; LEAF-AREA; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; COMPETITION CONTROL; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB We investigated how water and nutrient availability affect radiation-use efficiency (epsilon) and assessed leaf gas exchange as a possible mechanism for shifts in E. We measured aboveground net primary production (ANPP) and annual photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) capture to calculate e as well as leaf-level physiological variables (light-saturated net photosynthesis, A(sat); stomatal conductance, g(s); leaf internal CO2 concentration, C-i; foliar nitrogen concentration, foliar [N]; and midday leaf water potential, Psi(leaf)) during the second (2001) and third (2002) growing seasons in sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) and sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) stands receiving a factorial combination of irrigation and fertilization at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina. Irrigation and fertilization increased PAR capture (maximum increase 60%) in 2001 and 2002 for both species and annual PAR capture was well correlated with ANPP (mean r(2) = 0.77). A decreasing trend in c was observed in non-irrigated stands for sweetgum in 2001 and for sycamore in both years, although this was only significant for sycamore in 2002. Irrigated stands maintained higher gas exchange rates than non-irrigated stands for sweetgum in 2001 and for sycamore in both years, although foliar [N] and Psi(leaf) were generally unaffected. Because Ci decreased in proportion to g. in non-irrigated stands, it appeared that greater stomatal limitation of photosynthesis was associated with decreased A(sat). On several measurement dates for sweetgum in 2001 and for sycamore in both years, epsilon was positively correlated with gas exchange variables (A(sat), g(s), C-i) (r ranged from 0.600 to 0.857). These results indicate that PAR capture is well correlated with ANPP and that gas exchange rates modified by irrigation can influence the conversion of captured light energy to biomass. C1 Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Russell Lab 345, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. RP Will, RE (reprint author), Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rwill@smokey.forestry.uga.edu RI Will, Rodney/G-8111-2011; Coleman, Mark/A-6741-2013 NR 49 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 191 EP 200 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 896VD UT WOS:000226961100006 PM 15574400 ER PT J AU Grubman, MJ de los Santos, T AF Grubman, MJ de los Santos, T TI Rapid control of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks: is RNAi a possible solution? SO TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERFERING RNAS; VIRUS; MICE; EXPRESSION; REPLICATION; SUPPRESSION; INHIBITION; PROTECTION; HEPATITIS; PROTEINS AB RNA interference [RNAi) is a mechanism of gene silencing that is being examined as an antiviral strategy in mammalian cells. Chen et al have used this approach to examine its potential against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), an extremely contagious viral disease of clovenhoofed animals. This Research Focus discusses these experiments and comments on the possible use of RNAi, as well as other antiviral strategies, as a rapid method of FMD control. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, N Atlantic Area, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Grubman, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, N Atlantic Area, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM mgrubman@piadc.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4906 J9 TRENDS IMMUNOL JI Trends Immunol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 26 IS 2 BP 65 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.it.2004.12.002 PG 4 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 900OZ UT WOS:000227225500001 PM 15668119 ER PT J AU Zhong, SY In, HJ Bian, XD Charney, J Heilman, W Potter, B AF Zhong, SY In, HJ Bian, XD Charney, J Heilman, W Potter, B TI Evaluation of real-time high-resolution MM5 predictions over the Great Lakes region SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID MULTISEASON VERIFICATION; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; UNITED-STATES; MODEL; SEASON; RAMS AB Real-time high-resolution mesoscale predictions using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) over the Great Lakes region are evaluated for the 2002/03 winter and 2003 summer seasons using surface and upper-air observations, with a focus on near-surface and boundary layer properties that are important for applications such as air quality and fire weather predictions. The summer season predictions produce a cold bias in maximum daily temperature and a warm bias in minimum temperature that together lead to a good prediction of daily mean temperature but a smaller-than-observed diurnal temperature cycle. In winter, the predicted near-surface temperatures are lower both day and night, yielding good agreement with the observed amplitude of the diurnal temperature cycle but relatively large cold bias in daily mean temperature. The predicted temperatures in the boundary layer are also systematically lower than the observed temperatures in the two seasons. The cold bias is consistent with the wetter-than-observed lower atmosphere in the model prediction, which in turn can be attributed to an inadequate specification of soil moisture. In both seasons, the model produced substantially more precipitation in all categories, especially in the heavy precipitation category, and the overprediction is primarily associated with more widespread area coverage in the model prediction. The chances of producing a false precipitation forecast are substantially higher than missing an observed precipitation event. Small systematic errors are found in the predictions of low-level winds, but above the boundary layer, the predicted winds are predominantly from the west, while the observed winds are from the west-northwest. The model is able to capture the general development and evolution of the lake-land breezes in areas surrounding Lake Michigan during summer, although errors exist in the strengths of the breezes and the timing of their transition. Predicted early morning inversions are slightly stronger than observed in winter and weaker than observed in summer. The weak summer morning inversion results in a rapid inversion breakup followed by an earlier growth of a mixed layer after sunrise. Despite the head start, the predicted mixed-layer heights in late afternoon are lower than those observed, suggesting that either the predicted surface sensible heat flux may be too low or the boundary layer flux divergence may be too high. Decreasing horizontal grid spacing from 12 to 4 km results in little improvement in the predictions of near-surface and boundary layer properties except for precipitation, for which the model bias is significantly reduced by the increase in horizontal resolution. The cold and wet biases and errors in inversion strengths and mixed-layer development call for extra caution when using products from mesoscale forecasts in applications such as air pollution and fire weather prediction. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Zhong, SY (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, 312 S&R Bldg 1,4800 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM szhong@uh.edu NR 24 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 20 IS 1 BP 63 EP 81 DI 10.1175/WAF-834.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 899VY UT WOS:000227175100006 ER PT J AU Evans, GA Abd-Rabou, S AF Evans, GA Abd-Rabou, S TI Two new species, and additional records, of aphelinids from Egypt (Hymenoptera : Aphelinidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Hymenoptera; Aphelinidae; Aleyrodidae; Diaspididae; biological control; Egypt AB Two new species of aphelinids, Pteroptrix aegyptica and Encarsia perconfusa, are described and illustrated from Egypt from Parlatoria blanchardi and Tetraleurodes leguminicola, respectively. Several collection records are given for aphelinids reared from known hosts in Egypt. C1 USDA, APHIS, PPQ, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Agr Res Ctr, Plant Protect Res Inst, Giza, Egypt. RP Evans, GA (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, BARC W, Bldg 005,Rm 137, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Grgory.A.Evans@usda.gov; Shaaban59@yahoo.com OI Abd-Rabou, Shaaban/0000-0002-9162-7057 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JAN 27 PY 2005 IS 838 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 892SQ UT WOS:000226670700001 ER PT J AU Gomez, JA Nearing, MA AF Gomez, JA Nearing, MA TI Runoff and sediment losses from rough and smooth soil surfaces in a laboratory experiment SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE erosion; sediment; runoff; soil surface roughness; rainfall simulation; tillage, rills ID OVERLAND-FLOW; WATER EROSION; NETWORKS; MICROTOPOGRAPHY; RESISTANCE; RAINFALL; TILLAGE AB Soil surface roughness may significantly impact runoff and erosion under rainfall. A common perception is that runoff and erosion are decreased as a function of roughness because of surface ponding and increased hydraulic roughness that reduces effective flow shear stress. The objective of this study was to measure the effects of initial surface roughness on runoff and erosion under controlled laboratory conditions. Initially, rough and smooth surfaces were exposed to five simulated rainfall applications at 5% and 20% slopes. In all cases, runoff was delayed for the case of the initially rough surface; however, this effect was temporary. Overall, no statistical differences in either total runoff or erosion were measured on the 20% slope. At 5% slope, runoff was less on the rough surface for the first rainfall application but greater on the final three, probably due to the formation of a depositional seal in that case. This resulted in an overall insignificant difference in runoff for the sum of the five rainfall applications. Erosion was greater on the rougher slope at 5% steepness, probably due to concentration of flow as it moved around the roughness elements on the rougher slope. These results indicate that commonly held perceptions of the impact of soil surface roughness on runoff and erosion may not be entirely correct in all cases. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. CSIC, Inst Agricultura Sostenible, Cordoba 14080, Spain. RP Nearing, MA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM ag2gocaj@uco.es NR 25 TC 58 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JAN 26 PY 2005 VL 59 IS 3 BP 253 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2004.09.008 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 886ZQ UT WOS:000226272200002 ER PT J AU Dunlap, CA Cote, GL AF Dunlap, CA Cote, GL TI beta-lactoglobulin-dextran conjugates: Effect of polysaccharide size on emulsion stability SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE beta-Lactoglobulin; Maillard reaction; polysaccharide conjugate; emulsifier ID FUNCTIONAL-CHANGES; GLASS-TRANSITION; PROTEINS; CASEIN; MODEL; IMPROVEMENT; VISCOSITY; SACCHARIDES; SOLUBILITY; GLYCINE AB A series of dextrans and beta-lactoglobulin were covalently conjugated and screened for their ability to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions. Dextrans with the molecular mass of 19.6 kDa, 87 kDa, 150 kDa, 500 kDa, and 2000 kDa were attached to beta-lactoglobulin via the Maillard reaction. The conjugates were then purfied and evaluated as emulsifiers under neutral conditions. The ability to stabilize emulsions was determined by monitoring oil droplet size over time. Adsorption of the conjugates to the droplet surface was characterized by determining the protein surface load. The results show that increasing polysaccharide size increases emulsion stability up to 150 kDa before leveling off. Conversely, surface protein density remains constant until 150 kDa before decreasing with polysaccharicle size. A model is presented to interpret the results. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM dunlapc@ncaur.usda.gov NR 38 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 26 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 2 BP 419 EP 423 DI 10.1021/jf049180c PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 889NP UT WOS:000226450000037 PM 15656682 ER PT J AU Ezeji, TC Qureshi, N Blaschek, HP AF Ezeji, TC Qureshi, N Blaschek, HP TI Continuous butanol fermentation and feed starch retrogradation: butanol fermentation sustainability using Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE butanol fermentation; starch retrogradation; Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 ID ALPHA-AMYLASE; ENZYME SUSCEPTIBILITY; SOLVENT PRODUCTION; SAGO STARCH; WAXY MAIZE; ACETOBUTYLICUM; RECOVERY; ETHANOL; ACETONE; GELS AB Use of starch solution as feed for butanol bioconversion processes employing Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 may have added economic advantage over the use of glucose. Acetone butanol ethanol (ABE) was produced from 30g L-1 starch solution using a continuous process. The bioreactor was fed at a dilution rate of 0.02 h(-1) and starch solution/feed volume (3 L) was replaced every 72 h. The continuous reactor fed with cornstarch solution (feed temperature 19degreesC) produced approximately 6.0g L-1 total ABE. Increasing the feed storage temperature to 37degreesC improved ABE production to 7.2g L-1 suggesting that retrogradation was occurring more rapidly at 19degreesC. In both these cases the fermentation drifted toward acid production after approximately 260 h, consistent with the retrogradation of starch overtime. The use of soluble starch, which is less prone to retrogradation, resulted in the production of 9.9g L-1 ABE at 37degreesC feed storage temperature, as compared to 7.2g L-1 ABE when cornstarch was used. It should be noted that gelatinized starch retrogradation takes place after sterilization and prior to use of the feed medium, and does not occur during long-term storage of the raw corn material in the months leading up to processing. The degree of hydrolysis of gelatinized starch decreased from 68.8 to 56.2% in 3 days when stored at 37degreesC. Soluble starch which does not retrograde demonstrated no change in the degree of hydrolysis. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Biotechnol & Bioengn Grp, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Blaschek, HP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Biotechnol & Bioengn Grp, 1207 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM blaschek@uiuc.edu RI Ezeji, Thaddeus/D-7171-2015 OI Ezeji, Thaddeus/0000-0002-8384-895X NR 22 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD JAN 26 PY 2005 VL 115 IS 2 BP 179 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.08.010 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 892EF UT WOS:000226632000007 PM 15607236 ER PT J AU Ribaudo, MO Heimlich, R Peters, M AF Ribaudo, MO Heimlich, R Peters, M TI Nitrogen sources and Gulf hypoxia: potential for environmental credit trading SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE hypoxia; nitrogen; credit trading; economic modeling ID NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; STRATEGIES; REDUCTION; BASIN AB A zone of hypoxic and anoxic waters has become a dominant feature of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Nitrogen draining into the Gulf from the Mississippi Basin has been identified as the primary source of the problem. Reducing nitrogen loads from point and nonpoint sources in the basin is the primary goal of an action plan developed to address the problem. In this paper, we use data on point source dischargers and a model of the agriculture sector to examine whether the purchase of nitrogen reduction "credits" from nonpoint sources would reduce the cost of nitrogen control if point sources are required to reduce nitrogen discharges. Results indicate that a substantial degree of credit trading could affect agricultural commodity prices, thereby affecting agricultural production outside the basin. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Environm Def, Washington, DC 20036 USA. USDA, AMS, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Ribaudo, MO (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM mribaudo@ers.usda.gov NR 43 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD JAN 25 PY 2005 VL 52 IS 2 BP 159 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.07.021 PG 10 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 899FY UT WOS:000227131500003 ER PT J AU French, AD Johnson, GP Kelterer, AM Csonka, GI AF French, AD Johnson, GP Kelterer, AM Csonka, GI TI Fluorinated cellobiose and maltose as stand-ins for energy surface calculations SO TETRAHEDRON-ASYMMETRY LA English DT Article ID CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSES; RECOMMENDATIONS 1996; RELATIVE STABILITY; CHAIR FORMS; FORCE-FIELD; ANALOGS; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; DISACCHARIDES; B3LYP/6-311++G; NOMENCLATURE AB To better understand computational predictions of disaccharide conformations, phi,psi maps were constructed for two analogs in which all hydroxyl groups were replaced with fluorine atoms (F-cellobiose and F-maltose). These molecules do not permit hydrogen bonding but should give better steric representation than analogs in which hydrogen atoms replaced exo-cyclic groups. Hartree Fock and B3LYP density functional quantum mechanics (QM) theory were used. The preferred ring shape for fluorinated glucose depends on the level of QM theory, but over the limited phi,psi space that was. studied, the rings remained in the C-4(1) form. Also, fluorine atoms are remote enough that they do not affect the torsional energies for the glycosidic bonds. F-Cellobiose maps were predictive of the conformations in crystals, but F-maltose maps were less so. The QM F-cellobiose map and an MM4::QM hybrid map for cellobiose itself were similar. However, the hybrid maltose map had many more experimental conformations within its 2-kcal/mol contour than did the QM F-maltose map. The apparent mean strength of an intra-molecular, inter-residue hydrogen bond is about 3 kcal/mol, based on the energy for many of the hydrogen bonded maltose structures on the F-maltose map. The F-maltose map was similar to a new QM map for an analog of maltose in which all hydroxyl groups were replaced with hydrogen atoms. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Graz Tech Univ, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, A-8010 Graz, Austria. Tech Univ Budapest, Inorgan Chem Dept, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary. RP French, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM afrench@srrc.ars.usda.gov; csonka@web.inc.bme.hu RI Csonka, Gabor/A-8225-2008; OI Csonka, Gabor/0000-0001-5701-4401; Kelterer, Anne-Marie/0000-0001-8178-2670 NR 38 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0957-4166 J9 TETRAHEDRON-ASYMMETR JI Tetrahedron: Asymmetry PD JAN 24 PY 2005 VL 16 IS 2 BP 577 EP 586 DI 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.12.007 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 897KK UT WOS:000227002600031 ER PT J AU Green, CC Lochmann, SE Straus, DL AF Green, CC Lochmann, SE Straus, DL TI Acute toxicity of isopropyl methylphosphonic acid, a breakdown product of sarin, to eggs and fry of golden shiner and channel catfish SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; FRESH-WATER; TILAPIA; LARVAE; CELLS AB Several countries, including the United States, have agreed to destroy stockpiled chemical warfare agents in accordance with the Chemical Weapons Convention Treaty of 1993. Sarin is one of many chemical warfare agents (CWA) designated for destruction. in the event of an accident during incineration, sarin or its decomposition products have the potential to be expelled into the environment. Sarin hydrolyzes into isopropyl methylphosphonic acid (IMPA), a compound detected in groundwater from prior CWA production. This study determined the acute toxicity of IMPA to golden shiner, Notemigonus crysoleucas, and channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, eggs and 75-posthatch (dph) fry. The median lethal concentration (LC50) values at time of hatch for golden shiner and channel catfish eggs were 66.6 mg/L (hatched in 72 hr) and 167.5 mg/L (hatched in 168 h) IMPA, respectively. The 96-h LC50 estimates for 15-dph golden shiner and channel catfish fry were 93.9 and 144.1 mg/L IMPA, respectively. The lowest LC50 value from the most sensitive species in this study is approximately 100 times greater than the human adult lifetime drinking water health advisory value, and is approximately 2500 times greater than the critical reporting limit (greater than or equal to0.025 mg/L) for IMPA detection in groundwater from CWA production. These results are critical in understanding the toxicological properties of this potential environmental contaminant. C1 Univ Arkansas, Aquaculture Fisheries Ctr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. Agr Res Serv, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, USDA, Stuttgart, AR USA. RP Lochmann, SE (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Aquaculture Fisheries Ctr, 1200 N Univ Dr,Mail Slot 4912, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. EM slochmann@uaex.edu RI Straus, David/A-9218-2009 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JAN 22 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 2 BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.1080/15287390590885893 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 886TS UT WOS:000226256200005 PM 15762552 ER PT J AU Huntley, JFJ Stabel Jr Bannantine, JP AF Huntley, JFJ Stabel, JR Bannantine, JP TI Immunoreactivity of the Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis 19-kDa lipoprotein SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUBERCULOSIS JOHNES DISEASE; T-CELL RESPONSES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DAIRY HERDS; 19-KILODALTON ANTIGEN; 19 KDA; CATTLE; PROTEIN; VACCINATION; INFECTION AB Background: The Mycobacterium tuberculosis 19-kDa lipoprotein has been reported to stimulate both T and B cell responses as well as induce a number of Th1 cytokines. In order to evaluate the Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis ( M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis) 19-kDa lipoprotein as an immunomodulator in cattle with Johne's disease, the gene encoding the 19-kDa protein (MAP0261c) was analyzed. Results: MAP0261c is conserved in mycobacteria, showing a 95% amino acid identity in M. avium subspecies avium, 84% in M. intracellulare and 76% in M. bovis and M. tuberculosis. MAP0261c was cloned, expressed, and purified as a fusion protein with the maltose-binding protein (MBP-19 kDa) in Escherichia coli. IFN-gamma production was measured from 21 naturally infected and 9 control cattle after peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with a whole cell lysate (WCL) of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis or the recombinant MBP-19 kDa. Overall, the mean response to MBP-19 kDa was not as strong as the mean response to the WCL. By comparison, cells from control, non-infected cattle did not produce IFN-gamma after stimulation with either WCL or MBP-19 kDa. To assess the humoral immune response to the 19-kDa protein, sera from cattle with clinical Johne's disease were used in immunoblot analysis. Reactivity to MBP-19 kDa protein, but not MBP alone, was observed in 9 of 14 infected cattle. Antibodies to the 19-kDa protein were not observed in 8 of 9 control cows. Conclusions: Collectively, these results demonstrate that while the 19-kDa protein from M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis stimulates a humoral immune response and weak IFN-gamma production in infected cattle, the elicited responses are not strong enough to be used in a sensitive diagnostic assay. C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. USDA, ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Bannantine, JP (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM Jason.Huntley@UTSouthwestern.edu; jstabel@nadc.ars.usda.gov; jbannant@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Huntley, Jason/N-3848-2015 OI Huntley, Jason/0000-0002-0501-6103 NR 42 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD JAN 21 PY 2005 VL 5 AR 3 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-5-3 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 895NO UT WOS:000226870300002 PM 15663791 ER PT J AU Blomberg, LA Long, EL Sonstegard, TS Van Tassell, CP Dobrinsky, JR Zuelke, KA AF Blomberg, LA Long, EL Sonstegard, TS Van Tassell, CP Dobrinsky, JR Zuelke, KA TI Serial analysis of gene expression during elongation of the peri-implantation porcine trophectoderm (conceptus) SO PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE preimplantation development; gene regulation; transcript profiles; serial analysis of gene expression ID ACUTE REGULATORY PROTEIN; CELL-DEATH; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; PIG; EMBRYOS; BLASTOCYST; OXYGEN; SWINE; PROTECTION; GESTATION AB Conceptus loss during the preimplantation and early postimplantation period hinders the efficiency of swine reproduction. Significant conceptus loss occurs during trophectoderm elongation between gestational day 11 (D11) and day 12 (D12). Elongation of the porcine conceptus is a key stage of development during which maternal recognition of pregnancy, initial placental development, and preparation for implantation occurs. The objective of this study was to establish comparative transcriptome profiles of D11 ovoid and D12 filamentous conceptuses and thereby identify temporally regulated genes essential for developmental progression during conceptus elongation. Serial analysis of gene expression ( SAGE) libraries were constructed from in vivo derived ovoid and filamentous swine conceptuses to yield a total of 42,389 tags ( ovoid) and 42,391 tags ( filamentous) representing 14,464 and 13,098 putative unique transcripts, respectively. Statistical analysis of tag frequencies revealed the differential expression of 431 tags between libraries (P < 0.05). Nucleotide sequence alignment searches on public databases provided SAGE tag annotation and gene ontology assignments. Comparisons between the SAGE profiles of ovoid and filamentous conceptuses revealed increased expression of key genes in the steroidogenesis [cytochrome P-450(scc) (CYP11A1), aromatase (CYP19A), and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein ( STAR)] and oxidative stress response pathways [microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 (MGST1) and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1)]. Differential expression of these genes in the steroidogenic and oxidative stress response pathways was confirmed by real-time PCR. These results validate the utility of SAGE in the pig and establish an initial model linking gene expression profiles at the pathway level with phenotypic progression from ovoid to filamentous stages of conceptus development. C1 ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Blomberg, LA (reprint author), ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 200,Rm 101A,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lblomberg@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Zuelke, Kurt/H-8609-2013; OI Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 NR 44 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1094-8341 J9 PHYSIOL GENOMICS JI Physiol. Genomics PD JAN 20 PY 2005 VL 20 IS 2 BP 188 EP 194 DI 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00157.2004 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology GA 908RD UT WOS:000227806000006 PM 15536174 ER PT J AU Ward, JK Harris, JM Cerling, TE Wiedenhoeft, A Lott, MJ Dearing, MD Coltrain, JB Ehleringer, JR AF Ward, JK Harris, JM Cerling, TE Wiedenhoeft, A Lott, MJ Dearing, MD Coltrain, JB Ehleringer, JR TI Carbon starvation in glacial trees recovered from the La Brea tar pits, southern California SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE low CO2; paleoclimate; Juniperus; c(i)/c(a); ancient wood; ancient NPP ID ANTARCTIC ICE CORE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PALEOCLIMATE SIMULATIONS; STOMATAL DENSITY; CLIMATE; CELLULOSE; RATIOS; CYCLE; WOOD; VEGETATION AB The Rancho La Brea tar pit fossil collection includes Juniperus (C-3) wood specimens that C-14 date between 7.7 and 55 thousand years (kyr) B.P., providing a constrained record of plant response for southern California during the last glacial period. Atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) ranged between 180 and 220 ppm during glacial periods, rose to approximate to 280 ppm before the industrial period, and is currently approaching 380 ppm in the modern atmosphere. Here we report on delta(13)C of Juniperus wood cellulose, and show that glacial and modern trees were operating at similar leaf-intercellular [CO2] (c(i))/atmospheric [CO2] (c(a)) values, As a result, glacial trees were operating at ci values much closer to the CO2-compensation point for C-3 photosynthesis than modern trees, indicating that glacial trees were undergoing carbon starvation. In addition, we modeled relative humidity by using delta(18)O of cellulose from the same Juniperus specimens and found that glacial humidity was approximate to 10% higher than that in modern times, indicating that differences in vapor-pressure deficits did not impose additional constrictions on c(i)/c(a) in the past. By scaling ancient ci values to plant growth by using modern relationships, we found evidence that C-3 primary productivity was greatly diminished in southern California during the last glacial period. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. George C Page Museum, La Brea Discoveries, Los Angeles, CA 90036 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Anthropol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Ward, JK (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 1200 Sunnyside Ave, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM joyward@ku.edu NR 35 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 20 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 18 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 3 BP 690 EP 694 DI 10.1073/pnas.0408315102 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 889IF UT WOS:000226436000032 PM 15642948 ER PT J AU Brayton, KA Kappmeyer, LS Herndon, DR Dark, MJ Tibbals, DL Palmer, GH McGuire, TC Knowles, DP AF Brayton, KA Kappmeyer, LS Herndon, DR Dark, MJ Tibbals, DL Palmer, GH McGuire, TC Knowles, DP TI Complete genome sequencing of Anaplasma marginale reveals that the surface is skewed to two superfamilies of outer membrane proteins SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE rickettsiales; bacterial artificial chromosome; St. Maries strain ID POLYMORPHIC MULTIGENE FAMILY; T-LYMPHOCYTE EPITOPES; EHRLICHIA-CHAFFEENSIS; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; GENE CONVERSION; EXPRESSION; CATTLE; INFECTION; RESPONSES; VARIANTS AB The rickettsia Anaplasma marginale is the most prevalent tick-borne livestock pathogen worldwide and is a severe constraint to animal health. A. marginale establishes lifelong persistence in infected ruminants and these animals serve as a reservoir for ticks to acquire and transmit the pathogen. Within the mammalian host, A. marginale generates antigenic variants by changing a surface coat composed of numerous proteins. By sequencing and annotating the complete 1,197,687-bp genome of the St. Maries strain of A. marginale, we show that this surface coat is dominated by two families containing immunodominant proteins: the msp2 superfamily and the msp1 superfamily. Of the 949 annotated coding sequences, just 62 are predicted to be outer membrane proteins, and of these, 49 belong to one of these two superfamilies. The genome contains unusual functional pseudogenes that belong to the msp2 superfamily and play an integral role in surface coat antigenic variation, and are thus distinctly different from pseudogenes described as byproducts of reductive evolution in other Rickettsiales. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Brayton, KA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM kbrayton@vetmed.wsu.edu OI Dark, Michael/0000-0002-6547-1298 FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32-AI07025, R01 AI44005, R01 AI045580, R01 AI45580, T32 AI007025, R01 AI044005] NR 60 TC 179 Z9 379 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 18 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 3 BP 844 EP 849 DI 10.1073/pnas.0406656102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 889IF UT WOS:000226436000058 PM 15618402 ER PT J AU Chung-MacCoubrey, AL AF Chung-MacCoubrey, AL TI Use of pinyon-juniper woodlands by bats in New Mexico SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bats; pinyon; juniper; wildlife habitat ID ROOST SITE SELECTION; INSECTIVOROUS BATS; MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SOUTH-DAKOTA; DAILY TORPOR; BLACK-HILLS; FOREST AB In recent years, the demand has grown for information on how to conserve bat populations in forested ecosystems. Many researchers have responded with studies of bats in forests, but few have studied bat communities in arid-adapted forest types such as pinyon-juniper woodlands, which are widespread and abundant throughout the west. In this study, I evaluated the relative use and importance of pinyon-juniper woodlands to bats in west-central New Mexico by comparing bats captured in pinyon-juniper woodlands with those captured in ponderosa pine forest. I compared species richness and relative abundance of bats captured in these vegetation types and evaluated the relative importance of each based on its use as reproductive habitat by females. Bats were mistnetted over stock tanks in pinyon-juniper woodlands for 55 nights during 1995-1997 and in ponderosa pine forest for 22 nights in 1998-1999. Although overall capture rates (bats per net hour) were not different between study sites, more species were captured in pinyon-juniper woodlands. The bat community of this pinyon-juniper woodland was dominated by species typically found in upper elevation forests, but also included species from lower elevation shrublands and grasslands. A greater proportion of females was reproductively active in pinyon-jumper woodlands than ponderosa pine. suggesting that females prefer woodlands for rearing their young or that fecundity rates of females are higher in this vegetation type. Results of this study demonstrate that pinyon-juniper woodlands support abundant and diverse bat communities and provide important summer habitat to reproductive females. Thus. biologists and land managers should plan activities in pinyon-juniper woodlands with greater attention and consideration to bats and their habitat requirements. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Chung-MacCoubrey, AL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 333 Broadway Blvd SE,Suite 115, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. EM achungmaccoubrey@fs.fed.us NR 74 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 17 PY 2005 VL 204 IS 2-3 BP 209 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.09.005 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 888DL UT WOS:000226354300006 ER PT J AU Kabrick, JM Dey, DC Van Sambeek, JW Wallendorf, M Gold, MA AF Kabrick, JM Dey, DC Van Sambeek, JW Wallendorf, M Gold, MA TI Soil properties and growth of swamp white oak and pin oak on bedded soils in the lower Missouri River floodplain SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE soil bedding; seedling survival; seedling growth; bottomlands; Quercus palustris; Quercus bicolor ID SITE PREPARATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; WETLAND AB Restoring bottomland hardwood ecosystems is of great interest along the lower Missouri River and within the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. However, bottomland hardwood plantings commonly have a high failure rate. Among reasons cited for failures are frequent flooding and poorly drained site conditions. Soil bedding is a commonly used site preparation method shown to increase the survival and growth of both conifer and hardwood seedlings. However. soil bedding has not always proven beneficial to seedling survival or growth and there are few published evaluations of the effects of bedding on bortomdand hardwood seedlings. Objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of bedding on soil properties and on the early survival and growth of different stock types of pin oak and swamp white oak seedlings in the lower Missouri River floodplain. Soil bedding had a minor effect on soil texture, organic carbon. cation exchange capacity. base cations. and pH. Bedding reduced soil bulk density by 7-16%, reduced gravimetric soil water content by 2-5%, and increased soil temperature by 1-2 degreesC. When grown with a cover crop of redtop grass. foliar N of trees in bedded soil was about 10% greater than that of trees in soil that was not bedded. There were no differences in survival, diameter growth, or height growth between seedlings grown on bedded and nonbedded soils. Despite beneficial changes to soils caused by bedding, it does not appear to enhance the survival or early growth of planted pin oak and swamp white oak seedlings on our study areas in the Missouri River floodplain. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Univ Missouri, Ctr Agroforestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kabrick, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 202 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM jkabrick@fs.fed.us NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 17 PY 2005 VL 204 IS 2-3 BP 315 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.09.014 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 888DL UT WOS:000226354300013 ER PT J AU Poage, NJ Tappeiner, JC AF Poage, NJ Tappeiner, JC TI Tree species and size structure of old-growth Douglas-fir forests in central western Orecon, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Douglas-fir; forest structure; multivariate analysis; old-growth; non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) Pseudotsuga menziesii ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; ECOLOGICAL DATA; OREGON; MULTIVARIATE; COMMUNITY; STAND; DISTURBANCES; ORDINATION; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS AB We characterized the structure of 91 old-growth forests dominated by Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menzesii (Mirb.) Franco). using inventory data from recent (1985-1991) old-growth timber sales in western Oregon. The data were complete counts (i.e., censuses) of all live trees >20 cm diameter at breast height (dbh. measured at 1.4 m above the ground) over a mean area of 17.1 ha at each site. Across all sites, Douglas-fir accounted for 79% of the total basal area (m(2)/ha) of all species. The average density of trees >100 cm dbh was 19 trees/ha and 90% of these trees were Douglas-fir. Species other than Douglas-fir constituted only about 20% of the total basal area at each old-growth site, on average, but largely accounted for the structural variation between sites. We used multivariate techniques such as cluster analysis, indicator species analysis, and ordination with non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) to identify and characterize six structural groups in terms of basal area in different species-diameter classes. Almost 97% of the structural information was captured by the first (r(2) = 0.841) and second (r(2) = 0.128) NMS ordination axis. Geographic information systems (GIS) analysis and NMS indicated that the structural differences among groups of sites were associated with moisture, temperature, and elevation within the study area. This type of analysis can be used to help define differences among old-growth forests and to set local structural goals for growing forests with old-growth characteristics. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Poage, NJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland Forestry Sci Lab, 620 SW Main St,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM npoage@fs.fed.us NR 47 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 17 PY 2005 VL 204 IS 2-3 BP 329 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.09.012 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 888DL UT WOS:000226354300014 ER PT J AU Liechty, HO Luckow, KR Guldin, JM AF Liechty, HO Luckow, KR Guldin, JM TI Soil chemistry and nutrient regimes following 17-21 years of shortleaf pine-bluestem restoration in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fire; harvesting; nutrient availability; foliar chemistry; restoration ID CENTRAL OREGON CASCADES; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; PRESCRIBED FIRE; DOUGLAS-FIR; FOREST MANAGEMENT; SHORT-TERM; STANDS; MINERALIZATION; FERTILIZATION; ECOSYSTEM AB Harvesting and repeated burning are frequently used to restore shortleaf pine-bluestem ecosystems within the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma and Arkansas, USA. These practices have been shown to adequately restore much of the habitat for bird and mammal species that utilize this ecosystem. However, there have been only limited studies to quantify the impact of restoration activities on soil chemistry and nutrient availability in this region. We compared soil chemistry and foliar nutrient concentrations for a 3-year period in three shortleaf pine-hardwood stands that had restoration activities for at least 17 years, with soil chemistry and foliar nutrient concentrations in three stands that have had no restoration activities. Mineralizable N. total N, C, Ca, and pH of the surface soil were higher in the restored stands than in the stands without restoration activities. The magnitude of the increases in nutrient concentrations and pH appeared to reflect the combined impacts of harvesting and prescribed burning in the restored stands. Foliar concentrations of N. P. K. and Ca were significantly higher in the restored stands for at least I year following the most recent prescribed fire. However, only K concentrations were greater in the restored stands during the entire 3 year study. An increase in nutrient availability within the restored stands suggests that surface soil fertility and productivity may have increased with shortleaf pine-bluestem restoration activities. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arkansas, Sch Forest Resources, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Ouachita Natl Forest, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. RP Liechty, HO (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Sch Forest Resources, POB 3468, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. EM liechty@uamont.edu; kluckow@fs.fed.us; jguldin@fs.fed.us NR 57 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 17 PY 2005 VL 204 IS 2-3 BP 345 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.09.009 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 888DL UT WOS:000226354300015 ER PT J AU South, DB Harris, SW Barnett, JP Hainds, MJ Gjerstad, DH AF South, DB Harris, SW Barnett, JP Hainds, MJ Gjerstad, DH TI Effect of container type and seedling size on survival and early height growth of Pinus palustris seedlings in Alabama, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE longleaf pine; hardwall containers; mesh-covered plugs; bare-root seedling; seedling quality; copper coating ID LONGLEAF PINE AB Three hardwall container types, one styroblock(R) container type. and two mesh-covered plugs were used to grow longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings at a nursery in Louisiana. In 2001. these container types along with bare-root seedings (from a different seed source), were outplanted on two old-field sites and two cutover sites. There were significant site by treatment interactions. Second-year survival was higher on cutover sites than on old-field sites. Root-collar diameter of container-grown stock was positively related to root growth potential (RGP) and height after two growing seasons. Container-grown stock with the lowest RGP exhibited the lowest overall seedling survival. On three sites, field performance of seedlings mesh-covered plugs was less than seedlings grown in other types of containers. For styroblock(R) trays. treating grown in mesh walls with copper increased RGP but did not affect field performance. Increasing the spacing between container cells increased diameter and height after two growing seasons. A root bound index (RBI) was developed and was calculated for each container seedling by dividing root-collar diameter by the diameter of the container cell. Survival was low when RBI was greater than 27%. Although large-diameter bare-root stock can be advantageous as far as survival and growth is concerned, the same may not be true for containers. Some 7-month old container seedlings might become too large for some container types (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Auburn Univ, Alabama Agr Expt Stn, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP South, DB (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Alabama Agr Expt Stn, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM southdb@auburn.edu NR 33 TC 60 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 17 PY 2005 VL 204 IS 2-3 BP 385 EP 398 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.09.016 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 888DL UT WOS:000226354300018 ER PT J AU Lofego, AC Ochoa, R Moraes, GJ AF Lofego, AC Ochoa, R Moraes, GJ TI Some tarsonemid mites (Acari : Tarsonemidae) from the Brazilian "Cerrado" vegetation, with descriptions of three new species SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Acari; Tarsonemidae; Cerrado; phytophagous mites; taxonomy ID APPLE TREES; HETEROSTIGMATA; POLAND AB Seven tarsonemid species were found in leaf samples from the "Cerrado" vegetation in the State of Sao Paulo in southeastern Brazil. Mensuration data of four species, Daidalotarsonemus tesselatus De Leon, Tarsonemus bilobatus Suski, Tarsonemus confusus Ewing and T. waitei Banks are provided. Three new species, Daidalotarsonemus folisetae Lofego & Ochoa, Metatarsonemus megasolenidii Lofego & Ochoa and Tarsonemus longisetae Lofego & Ochoa are described. Food habits of D. tesselatus are discussed. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. ARS, Systemst Entomol Lab, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, ESALQ, Dept Entomol Fitopatol & Zool Agr, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. RP Lofego, AC (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM aclofego@esalq.usp.br RI Moraes, Gilberto/H-9849-2012; Lofego, Antonio /H-6266-2012; OI Moraes, Gilberto/0000-0002-5587-1781; Lofego, Antonio Carlos/0000-0002-3495-6858 NR 12 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JAN 17 PY 2005 IS 823 BP 1 EP 27 PG 27 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 890CF UT WOS:000226488600001 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Haggard, BE Warnemuende, EA Huang, C AF Smith, DR Haggard, BE Warnemuende, EA Huang, C TI Sediment phosphorus dynamics for three tile fed drainage ditches in Northeast Indiana SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ditch sediments; EPCO; land use; phosphorus; alum ID ALUMINUM-CHLORIDE; STREAM SEDIMENTS; SWINE MANURE; PHOSPHATE; NITROGEN; RELEASE; RUNOFF; FORMS; ODOR AB Phosphorus (P) losses from agricultural lands degrade surface waters due to anthropogenic eutrophication. Previous studies focused on plot-to-field scale P loss and reductions from best management practices (BMP's), little information in intense agricultural catchments has been gathered on the dynamics influencing P beyond the edge of the field. This study was conducted to examine the phosphorus equilibrium between the water column and sediments in three tile fed drainage ditches in Northeast Indiana. Surface water and sediment samples were collected and analyzed for organic carbon (C), particle size and P from sites along three ditches with similar soils and land use at sites within each watershed draining approximately 300 and 1500 ha on each ditch. Organic C, silt and clay fractions of the bottom sediments decreased with increasing drainage area. Soluble P concentrations were low in Ditch A, but increased with increasing drainage area (0.02-0.05 mg P L-1). Overall, the P concentrations were higher in the Ditches B and C (0.06-0.09 mg P L-1). Exchangeable P, P partitioning index and equilibrium P concentrations (EPCo) decreased with increasing drainage area by as much as 95, 93 and 100%, respectively, except in one catchment area with a confined animal feeding operation between sampling points, where ExP and EPCo increased by 4 and 116%, respectively. Aluminum sulfate and calcium carbonate treatment of ditch sediments reduced exchangeable P and sediment EPCo in this study. Results from this study indicated some watershed characteristics, as well as sediment physiochemical properties, affect ditch sediment and water P equilibrium and buffering capacity. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that managers could potentially use chemical treatment of the ditches to increase the temporary retention of P in ditches and maybe reducing sediment P availability. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM drsmith@purdue.edu NR 25 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 71 IS 1 BP 19 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2004.07.006 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 886JZ UT WOS:000226224600002 ER PT J AU Wang, ZY Stoltenberg, M Huang, LP Danscher, G Dahlstrom, A Shi, YX Li, JY AF Wang, ZY Stoltenberg, M Huang, LP Danscher, G Dahlstrom, A Shi, YX Li, JY TI Abundant expression of zinc transporters in Bergman glia of mouse cerebellum SO BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE astrocyte; autometallography (AMG); confocal laser scanning microscopy; immunohistochemistry; S-100; zinc transporter ID HISTOCHEMICALLY REACTIVE ZINC; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; SPINAL-CORD; RAT-BRAIN; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT; CONFERS RESISTANCE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; ENRICHED TERMINALS; RELEASED ZINC AB Zinc transporters (ZnTs) are membrane proteins involved in zinc ion transportation in mammalian cells. Seven members of ZnT family, ZnT1-7, have been cloned and characterized. These transporter proteins have different cellular and sub-cellular locations, suggesting that they may play different roles in zinc homeostasis in normal and pathological conditions in different tissues. Cerebellum is one of the most zinc-enriched regions in the central nervous system, but little is known about zinc metabolism in the cerebellum. In the present study, we investigated the detailed distributions of four members (ZnT1, ZnT3, ZnT4 and ZnT6) of the ZnT family, in the mouse cerebellum. Immunostaining and confocal microscopic observations revealed a similar staining pattern of ZnTs in the molecular layer and the Purkinje cell layer. Double labeling with anti-S-100beta or anti-MAP2 and anti-ZnTs clearly showed that the Bergman glial cell bodies in the Purkinje cell layer and their radial processes in the molecular layer exhibited strong immunofluorescence of all the tested ZnTs. However, the somata of the Purkinje cells contained a moderate immunostaining for ZnT1, but virtually lack of other three ZnTs. In the granular layer, ZnTs appeared with different immunostaining patterns. ZnT1 was expressed in a small number of neuronal cell bodies and their primary dendrites, whereas ZnT3 and ZnT4 were present in nerve terminals but not in the neuronal somata. ZnT6 was undetectable in either the cell bodies or processes in the granular layer. The present results indicate that the Bergman glial cells may play an important role in zinc metabolism in the mouse cerebellar cortex. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 China Med Univ, Dept Histol & Embryol, Shenyang 110001, Heping District, Peoples R China. Aarhus Univ, Dept Neurobiol, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Gothenburg Univ, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Wang, ZY (reprint author), China Med Univ, Dept Histol & Embryol, 92 Bei Er Road, Shenyang 110001, Heping District, Peoples R China. EM wangzy@mail.cmu.edu.cn OI Li, Jia-Yi/0000-0002-7770-7376 NR 64 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0361-9230 J9 BRAIN RES BULL JI Brain Res. Bull. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 64 IS 5 BP 441 EP 448 DI 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2004.10.001 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 887ZO UT WOS:000226344200008 PM 15607832 ER PT J AU Validov, S Mavrodi, O De La Fuente, L Boronin, A Weller, D Thomashow, L Mavrodi, D AF Validov, S Mavrodi, O De La Fuente, L Boronin, A Weller, D Thomashow, L Mavrodi, D TI Antagonistic activity among 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE antagonism; rhizosphere; Pseudomonas; biological control; bacteriocin ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; POPULATIONS; RHIZOSPHERE; AERUGINOSA; DIVERSITY; INSERTION; STRAINS; CELLS; PHLD; SITE AB Strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. that produce 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) differ in their ability to colonize roots. In this study, we screened 47 2,4-DAPG-producing strains representing 17 distinct genotypes for antagonistic activity associated with the production of bacteriocins. Upon induction, over 70% of the strains inhibited the growth of other isolates in vitro. Greenhouse assays indicated that populations of sensitive strains in wheat rhizosphere soil declined more rapidly in the presence of antagonists than when introduced alone. Antagonism can influence the ability of biocontrol agents to establish and maintain effective population densities in situ. (C) 2004 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Skryabin Inst Biochem & Physiol Microorgan, Pushchino 142292, Russia. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Mavrodi, D (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, 362 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM mavrodi@mail.wsu.edu RI Mavrodi, Dmitri/J-2745-2013; De La Fuente, Leonardo/A-2012-2013; Validov, Shamil/D-2399-2014 NR 23 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 242 IS 2 BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.femsle.2004.11.013 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 888WW UT WOS:000226405900009 PM 15621445 ER PT J AU Lee, IM Zhao, Y Bottner, KD AF Lee, IM Zhao, Y Bottner, KD TI Novel insertion sequence-like elements in phytoplasma strains of the aster yellows group are putative new members of the IS3 family SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE insertion sequence; aster yellows phytoplasma group; peanut witches'-broom phytoplasma group; Mexican periwinkle virescence phytoplasma; group ID GENE-SEQUENCES; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; CLASSIFICATION; ALIGNMENT AB Novel insertion sequence (IS)-like elements were isolated and characterized from phytoplasma strains in the aster yellows (AY) group (16SrI). the IS-like elements were cloned from phytoplasma strains AY1 and NJAY or PCR-amplified from 15 additional strains representing nine subgroups in the AY group using primers based on sequences of the putative transposases (Tpases). All IS-like elements contained sequences encoding similar Tpases of 321 amino acids (320 for strain CPh). Substantial amino acid sequence variability suggested multiple species of Tpases or IS-like elements exist in the AY phytoplasma group. These Tpases have an identical DDE motif that is most similar to the DDE consensus of Tpases in the IS3 family. (C) 2004 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lee, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM leeim@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 242 IS 2 BP 353 EP 360 DI 10.1016/j.femsle.2004.11.036 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 888WW UT WOS:000226405900023 PM 15621459 ER PT J AU Davidson, AH Traub-Dargatz, JL Rodeheaver, RM Ostlund, EN Pedersen, DD Moorhead, RG Stricklin, JB Dewell, RD Roach, SD Long, RE Albers, SJ Callan, RJ Salman, MD AF Davidson, AH Traub-Dargatz, JL Rodeheaver, RM Ostlund, EN Pedersen, DD Moorhead, RG Stricklin, JB Dewell, RD Roach, SD Long, RE Albers, SJ Callan, RJ Salman, MD TI Immunologic responses to West Nile virus in vaccinated and clinically affected horses' SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; ENCEPHALITIS; INFLUENZA; ANTIBODY; YOUNG AB Objective-To compare neutralizing antibody response between horses vaccinated against West Nile virus (WNV) and horses that survived naturally occurring infection. Design-Cross-sectional observational study. Animals-187 horses vaccinated with a killed WNV vaccine and 37 horses with confirmed clinical WNV infection. Procedure-Serum was collected from vaccinated horses prior to and 4 to 6 weeks after completion of an initial vaccination series (2 doses) and 5 to 7 months later. Serum was collected from affected horses 4 to 6 weeks after laboratory diagnosis of infection and 5 to 7 months after the first sample was obtained. The IgM capture ELISA, plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), and microtiter virus neutralization test were used. Results-All affected horses had PRNT titers greater than or equal to 1: 100 at 4 to 6 weeks after onset of disease, and 90% (18/20) maintained this titer for 5 to 7 months. After the second vaccination, 67% of vaccinated horses had PRNT titers greater than or equal to 1:100 and 14% had titers < 1:10. Five to 7 months later, 33% (28/84) of vaccinated horses had PRNT titers greater than or equal to 1:100, whereas 29% (24/84) had titers < 1:10. Vaccinated and clinically affected horses' end point titers had decreased by 5 to 7 months after vaccination. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-A portion of horses vaccinated against WNV may respond poorly, Vaccination every 6 months may be indicated in certain horses and in areas of high vector activity. Other preventative methods such as mosquito control are warranted to prevent WNV infection in horses. C1 Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Vet Biol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Anim Clin & Pharm, Ogallala, NE 69153 USA. Ross Univ, St Kitts, W Ind Assoc St. RP Davidson, AH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 21 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 226 IS 2 BP 240 EP 245 DI 10.2460/javma.2005.226.240 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 888SZ UT WOS:000226395800021 PM 15706975 ER PT J AU Xiao, XM Zhang, QY Saleska, S Hutyra, L De Camargo, P Wofsy, S Frolking, S Boles, S Keller, M Moore, B AF Xiao, XM Zhang, QY Saleska, S Hutyra, L De Camargo, P Wofsy, S Frolking, S Boles, S Keller, M Moore, B TI Satellite-based modeling of gross primary production in a seasonally moist tropical evergreen forest SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE leaf phenology; vegetation index; liquid water index; vegetation photosynthesis model ID VEGETATION WATER-CONTENT; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; RAIN-FOREST; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY; SPECTRAL INDEX; SENSOR DATA; TERRESTRIAL; MODIS AB A CO2 eddy flux tower study has recently reported that an old-growth stand of seasonally moist tropical evergreen forest in Santarem, Brazil, maintained high gross primary production (GPP) during the dry seasons [Saleska, S. R., Miller, S. D., Matross, D. M., Goulden, M. L., Wofsy. S. C., da Rocha, H. R., de Camargo, P. B., Crill, P., Daube, B. C., de Freitas, H. C., Hutyra, L., Keller, M., Kirchhoff, V., Menton, M., Munger, J. W., Pyle, E. H., Rice, A. H., & Silva, H. (2003). Carbon in amazon forests: Unexpected seasonal fluxes and disturbance-induced losses. Science, 302, 1554-1557]. It was proposed that seasonally moist tropical evergreen forests have evolved two adaptive mechanisms in an environment with strong seasonal variations of light and water: deep roots system for access to water in deep soils and leaf phenology for access to light. Identifying tropical forests with these adaptive mechanisms could substantially improve our capacity of modeling the seasonal dynamics of carbon and water fluxes in the tropical zone. In this paper, we have analyzed multi-year satellite images from the VEGETATION (VGT) sensor onboard the SPOT-4 satellite (4/1998-12/2002) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite (2000-2003). We reported temporal analyses of vegetation indices and simulations of the satellite-based vegetation photosynthesis model (VPM). The Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) identified subtle changes in the seasonal dynamics of leaf phenology (leaf emergence, leaf aging and leaf fall) in the forest, as suggested by the leaf litterfall data. The land surface water index (LSWI) indicated that the forest experienced no water stress in the dry seasons of 1998-2002. The VPM model, which uses EVI, LSWI and site-specific climate data (air temperature and photosynthetically active radiation, PAR) for 2001-2002, predicted high GPP in the late dry seasons, consistent with observed high evapotranspiration and estimated GPP from the CO2 eddy flux tower. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03833 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, CENA, Sao Paulo, Brazil. USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. RP Xiao, XM (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03833 USA. EM xiangming.xiao@unh.edu RI Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Camargo, Plinio/D-6635-2012 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; NR 52 TC 133 Z9 172 U1 12 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 1 BP 105 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2004.08.015 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 886YZ UT WOS:000226270500009 ER PT J AU Gerrits, RJ Lunney, JK Johnson, LA Pursel, VG Kraeling, RR Rohrer, GA Dobrinsky, JR AF Gerrits, RJ Lunney, JK Johnson, LA Pursel, VG Kraeling, RR Rohrer, GA Dobrinsky, JR TI Perspectives for artificial insemination and genomics to improve global swine populations SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Boar Semen Preservation CY AUG 24-27, 2003 CL Doorwerth, NETHERLANDS SP Minitub Abfull & Labortechnik GmbH & Co KG, IMV, Agr Res Serv, Dutch Federat Cooperat Swine AI Ctr, Grad Sch Anim Hlth, Utrecht Univ DE genomics; artificial insemination; reproduction; disease resistance; semen; embryos ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; DEEP INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION; LINKAGE MAP; SEX PRESELECTION; PORCINE GENOME; MUSCLE MASS; IGF2 LOCUS; BOAR SEMEN; PIGS; SPERM AB Civilizations throughout the world continue to depend on pig meat as an important food source. Approximately 40% of the red meat consumed annually worldwide (94 million metric tons) is pig meat. Pig numbers (940 million) and consumption have increased consistent with the increasing world population (FAO 2002). In the past 50 years, research guided genetic selection and nutrition programs have had a major impact on improving carcass composition and efficiency of production in swine. The use of artificial insemination (AI) in Europe has also had a major impact on pig improvement in the past 35 years and more recently in the USA. Several scientific advances in gamete physiology and/or manipulation have been successfully utilized while others are just beginning to be applied at the production level. Semen extenders that permit the use of fresh semen for more than 5 days post-collection are largely responsible for the success of AI in pigs worldwide. Transfer of the best genetics has been enabled by use of AI with fresh semen, and to some extent, by use of AI with frozen semen over the past 25 years. Sexed semen, now a reality, has the potential for increasing the rate of genetic progress in AI programs when used in conjunction with newly developed low sperm number insemination technology. Embryo cryopreservation provides opportunities for international transport of maternal germplasm worldwide; non-surgical transfer of viable embryos in practice is nearing reality. While production of transgenic animals has been successful, the low level of efficiency in producing these animals and lack of information on multigene interactions limit the use of the technology in applied production systems. Technologies based on research in functional genomics, proteomics and cloning have significant potential, but considerable research effort will be required before they can be utilized for AI in pig production. In the past 15 years, there has been a coordinated worldwide scientific effort to develop the genetic linkage map of the pig with the goal of identifying pigs with genetic alleles that result in improved growth rate, carcass quality, and reproductive performance. Molecular genetic tests have been developed to select pigs with improved traits such as removal of the porcine stress (RYRI) syndrome, and selection for specific estrogen receptor (ESR) alleles. Less progress has been made in developing routine tests related to diseases. Major research in genomics is being pursued to improve the efficiency of selection for healthier pigs with disease resistance properties. The sequencing of the genome of the pig to identify new genes and unique regulatory elements holds great promise to provide new information that can be used in pig production. AI, in vitro embryo production and embryo transfer will be the preferred means of implementing these new technologies to enhance efficiency of pig production in the future. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, ANRI, BARC,USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, ANRI, BARC,USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA USA. ARS, MARC, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Lunney, JK (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, ANRI, BARC,USDA, Bldg 1040, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jlunney@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 56 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 63 IS 2 BP 283 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.09.013 PG 17 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 907DB UT WOS:000227694400003 PM 15626400 ER PT J AU Guthrie, HD Welch, GR AF Guthrie, HD Welch, GR TI Impact of storage prior to cryopreservation on plasma membrane function and fertility of boar sperm SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Boar Semen Preservation CY AUG 24-27, 2003 CL Doorwerth, NETHERLANDS SP Minitub Abfull & Labortechnik GmbH & Co KG, IMV, Agr Res Serv, Dutch Federat Cooperat Swine AI Ctr, Grad Sch Anim Hlth, Utrecht Univ DE boar spermatozoa; cryopreservation; phospholipid scrambling; fertility; apoptosis ID FLOW-CYTOMETRIC DETECTION; HUMAN SPERMATOZOA; ANNEXIN-V; PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE EXPRESSION; SEMEN; CELLS; APOPTOSIS; FROZEN; CAPACITATION; BEHAVIOR AB Occasionally, boar semen must be shipped to another location for cryopreservation. We increased the initial holding time for the cooling of extended semen at 15 degrees C from 3 to 24 h to determine the effects on sperm characteristics and fertility. Thirty-one gilts and sows were inseminated once with subsequently cryopreserved and thawed semen. Increasing the holding time from 3 to 24 h had no significant effect on pregnancy rate 23 days after AI with frozen-thawed semen (64.5%) but decreased (P < 0.05) embryo number from 15 to 9 and recovered embryos as fraction of CL from 73 to 47%. While the longer holding time at 15 T did decrease potential litter size, the loss incurred was not too great to preclude the incorporation of a longer holding time into the cryopreservation protocol. An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that processing and freeze-thawing of boar semen would induce phospholipid scrambling in the plasma membrane similar to that evoked by incubation in bicarbonate-containing media. Merocyanine staining after incubation in the presence and absence of bicarbonate indicated that changes in plasma membrane phospholipid scrambling of processed and cryopreserved sperm differed from those in fresh semen undergoing bicarbonate-induced capacitation. The level of Annexin-V binding in boar spermatozoa increased from 1.6% in live spermatozoa in fresh semen to 18.7% in cryopreserved sperm. Apoptosis is unlikely to operate in mature spermatozoa. Apoptotic morphology in ejaculated spermatozoa is probably a result of incomplete deletion of apoptotic spermatocytes during spermatogenesis. Increased Annexin-V binding in thawed spermatozoa probably results from plasma membrane damage incurred during freezing and thawing. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, USDA, Henry B Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Guthrie, HD (reprint author), ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, USDA, Henry B Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 200,Room 100-B, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dave@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 53 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 63 IS 2 BP 396 EP 410 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.09.020 PG 15 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 907DB UT WOS:000227694400017 PM 15626407 ER PT J AU Johnson, LA Rath, D Vazquez, JM Maxwell, WMC Dobrinsky, JR AF Johnson, LA Rath, D Vazquez, JM Maxwell, WMC Dobrinsky, JR TI Preselection of sex of offspring in swine for production: current status of the process and its application SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Boar Semen Preservation CY AUG 24-27, 2003 CL Doorwerth, NETHERLANDS SP Minitub Abfull & Labortechnik GmbH & Co KG, IMV, Agr Res Serv, Dutch Federat Cooperat Swine AI Ctr, Grad Sch Anim Hlth, Utrecht Univ DE X-chromosome; Y-chromosome; sex selection; swine semen; low-dose insemination; sperm sorting ID CHROMOSOME-BEARING SPERM; DEEP INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION; IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; X-CHROMOSOME; BOAR SPERMATOZOA; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; Y-SPERM; MAMMALIAN SPERMATOZOA; DNA; PIGLETS AB It is estimated that as many as 30,000 offspring, mostly cattle, have been produced in the past 5 years using AI or some other means of transport with spermatozoa sexed by flow cytometric sperm sorting and DNA as the marker of differentiation. It is well documented that the only marker in sperm that can be effectively used for the separation of X- and Y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa is DNA. The method, as it is currently used worldwide, is commonly known as the Beltsville Sperm Sexing Technology. The method is based on the separation of sperm using flow cytometric sorting to sort fluorescently (Hoechst 33342) labeled sperm based on their relative content of DNA within each population of X- and Y-spermatozoa. Currently, sperm can be produced routinely at a rate of 15 million X- and an equal number of Y-sperm per hour. The technology is being applied in livestock, laboratory animals, and zoo animals; and in humans with a success rate of 90-95% in shifting the sex ratio of offspring. Delivery of sexed sperm to the site of fertilization varies with species. Conventional AI, intrauterine insemination, intra-tubal insemination, IVF with embryo transfer and deep intrauterine insemination are effectively used to obtain pregnancies dependent on species. Although sperm of all species can be sorted with high purity, achieving pregnancies with the low numbers of sperm needed for commercial application remains particularly elusive in swine. Deep intrauterine insemination with 50-100 million sexed boar sperm per AI has given encouragement to the view that insemination with one-fiftieth of the standard insemination number will be sufficient to achieve pregnancies with sexed sperm when specialized catheters are used. Catheter design, volume of inseminate, number of sexed sperm are areas where further development is needed before routine inseminations with sexed sperm can be conducted in swine. Cryopreservation of sex-sorted sperm has been routinely applied in cattle. Although piglets have been born from frozen sex-sorted boar sperm, freezing and processing protocols in combination with sex-sorted sperm are not yet optimal for routine use. This review will discuss the most recent results and advances in sex-sorting swine sperm with emphasis on what developments must take place for the sexing technology to be applied in commercial practice. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Inst Anim Sci, Dept Biotechnol, Neustadt, Germany. Univ Murcia, Dept Anim Med & Surg, Fac Vet Med, E-30001 Murcia, Spain. Univ Sydney, Fac Vet Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Johnson, LA (reprint author), ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, USDA, Bldg 200, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lajohnson@verizon.net RI Vazquez, Juan/C-2053-2008; OI Vazquez, Juan Maria/0000-0002-8674-6350 NR 41 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 63 IS 2 BP 615 EP 624 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.09.035 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 907DB UT WOS:000227694400063 PM 15626420 ER PT J AU Dobrinsky, JR Schreier, LL Kidson, A King, TJ Pursel, VG Johnson, LA AF Dobrinsky, JR Schreier, LL Kidson, A King, TJ Pursel, VG Johnson, LA TI Embryo storage, development, and establishment of pregnancy after embryo transfer in pigs SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 5th International Conference on Boar Semen Preservation CY AUG 24-27, 2003 CL Doorwerth, NETHERLANDS SP Minitub Abfull & Labortechnik GmbH & Co KG, IMV, Agr Res Serv, Dutch Federat Cooperat Swine AI Ctr, Grad Sch Anim Hlth, Utrecht Univ C1 ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Utrecht, Fac Vet Med, Dept Farm Anim Hlth, Utrecht, Netherlands. Roslin Inst, Dept Gene Express & Dev, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 63 IS 2 BP 625 EP 626 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.09.036 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 907DB UT WOS:000227694400064 ER PT J AU Bennett, SJ Rhoton, FE Dunbar, JA AF Bennett, SJ Rhoton, FE Dunbar, JA TI Texture, spatial distribution, and rate of reservoir sedimentation within a highly erosive, cultivated watershed: Grenada Lake, Mississippi SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COON CREEK BASIN; SOIL-EROSION; RIVER; USA; INSECTICIDE; WISCONSIN; OKLAHOMA; INTERVAL; STORAGE AB [ 1] While more than 75,000 dams nationwide have served a multitude of purposes over the past 50 years, current emphasis is being placed on decommissioning those aged infrastructures considered environmentally harmful. Grenada Lake, a relatively large flood control reservoir in Mississippi, is located in a highly erodible region of the United States and is fed by historically unstable stream channels. Through a variety of stratigraphic analyses, postimpoundment sediments are identified in the reservoir, showing that the lake has lost a nominal 3% of its flood storage capacity since its inception in 1954. A simple sediment budget constructed for the Yalobusha River's contribution of channel-derived sediments shows that about 76% of this sediment remains stored upstream, about 16% is stored in the reservoir, and about 8% has exited the lake. Sediment delivery ratios, known to be low for relatively large watersheds, appear to be unaffected by upstream channel instabilities and aggressive channelization projects. C1 Univ Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. Baylor Univ, Dept Geol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Bennett, SJ (reprint author), Univ Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. EM seanb@buffalo.edu; frhoton@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov; john_dunbar@baylor.edu NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN 13 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 AR W01005 DI 10.1029/2004WR003645 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 890ZC UT WOS:000226549500002 ER PT J AU Yeung, CK Glahn, RP Miller, DD AF Yeung, CK Glahn, RP Miller, DD TI Inhibition of iron uptake from iron salts and chelates by divalent metal cations in intestinal epithelial cells SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE iron uptake; caco-2; DMT-1; HFE; EDTA; bisglycinate; chelates ID BIS-GLYCINATE CHELATE; CACO-2 CELLS; HEREDITARY HEMOCHROMATOSIS; FERROUS SULFATE; ABSORPTION; EXPRESSION; FORTIFICATION; TRANSPORTER; DEFICIENCY; MONOLAYERS AB Iron chelates, namely, ferrous bisglycinate and ferric EDTA, are promising alternatives to iron salts for food fortification. The objectives of this study were to compare iron uptake from radiolabeled ferrous sulfate, ferrous ascorbate, ferrous bisglycinate, ferric chloride, ferric citrate, and ferric EDTA by Caco-2 cells with different iron status and in the presence of divalent metal cations. Iron-loaded Caco-2 cells, with reduced DMT-1 and elevated HFE mRNA levels, down-regulated uptake from ferrous ascorbate and bisglycinate but not from ferric compounds. Nevertheless, iron uptake from all compounds was markedly inhibited in the presence of 100-fold molar excess of Co2+ and Mn2+ cations, with ferrous compounds showing a greater percent reduction. Our results suggest that ferrous iron is the predominant form of iron taken up by intestinal epithelial cells and the DMT-1 pathway is the major pathway for uptake. Iron uptake from chelates appears to follow the same pathway as uptake from salts. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Miller, DD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ddm2@cornell.edu NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 12 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 BP 132 EP 136 DI 10.1021/jf049255c PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 885HA UT WOS:000226146500020 PM 15631519 ER PT J AU Liu, LS Chen, GY Fishman, ML AF Liu, LS Chen, GY Fishman, ML TI A single sorbent for tetracycline enrichment and subsequent solid-matrix time-resolved luminescence SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE time-resolved luminescence (TRL); tetracycline; europium; sorbent; pectin ID LANTHANIDE-SENSITIZED LUMINESCENCE; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; REAGENT CHEMICAL-TECHNOLOGY; PHASE EXTRACTION; EUROPIUM(III); MECHANISM; MUSCLE; LIGAND AB The aim of this study was to search for a sorbent that could act as an extraction phase and as a support for solid-matrix time-resolved luminescence (SMTRL). Four potential sorbents were investigated for this purpose using tetracycline (TC) as a model analyte. Sorbents prepared from C18 silica gel or calcium cross-linked pectin gel were able to extract TC from dilute solutions. Europium(III)-TC complex adsorbed on the surface of C18 generated the most intense TRL signal when measured at lambda(ex) = 388 nm and lambda(em) = 615 nm. This method achieved a 1 ng/ml limit of detection (LOD) with a 100 mul sample solution in a repeated spotting mode. Hyphenation of sorbent extraction and SMTRL was demonstrated using C18. This method is suitable for screening of TC in foods or aqueous solutions and can be extended to other luminescent lanthanide-chelating analytes in physiological or environmental samples. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Liu, LS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM lsliu@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Chen, Guoying/C-6800-2015 OI Chen, Guoying/0000-0001-9532-0696 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JAN 10 PY 2005 VL 528 IS 2 BP 261 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2004.10.053 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 889PV UT WOS:000226455800016 ER PT J AU Peleg, K Anderson, GL Yang, CH AF Peleg, K Anderson, GL Yang, CH TI Repeatability of hyperspectral imaging systems - quantification and improvement SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB This paper addresses a generic problem in remote sensing by aerial hyperspectral imaging systems, that is, very low spatial and spectral repeatability of image cubes. Most analysts are either unaware of this problem or just ignore it. Hyperspectral image cubes acquired in consecutive flights over the same target should ideally be identical. In practice, two consecutive flights over the same target usually yield significant differences between the image cubes. These differences are due to variations in: target characteristics, solar illumination, atmospheric conditions and errors of the imaging system proper. Manufacturers of remote sensing imaging systems use sophisticated equipment to accurately calibrate their instruments, using optimal illumination and constant environment conditions. From a user's perspective, these calibration procedures are only of marginal interest because repeatability is 'target dependent'. The analyst of hyperspectral imagery is primarily interested in the reliability of the end product, i.e. the repeatability of two image cubes consecutively acquired over the same target, after radiometric calibration, georeferencing and atmospheric corrections. Clearly, when the non-repeatability variance is similar in magnitude to the variance of the spectral or spatial information of interest, it would be impossible to use it for classification or quantification prediction modelling. We present a simple approach for objective assessment of spatial and spectral repeatability by multiple image cube acquisitions, wherein the imaging system views a barium sulphate (BaSO(4)) painted panel illuminated by a halogen lamp and by consecutive flights over a reference target. The data analysis is based on several indexes, which were developed for quantifying the spectral and spatial repeatability of hyperspectral image cubes and for detecting outlier voxels. The spectral repeatability information can be used to average less repeatable spectral bands or to exclude them from the analysis. The spatial repeatability information may be used for identifying less repeatable regions of the target. Outlier voxels should be excluded from the analysis because they are grossly erroneous data. Modus operandi for image cube acquisitions is provided, whereby the repeatability may be improved. Spatial and spectral averaging algorithms and software were developed for increasing the repeatability of image cubes in post-processing. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. USDA ARS, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. USDA ARS, IFNRRU, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Peleg, K (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM ganderson@sidney.ars.usda.gov; cyang@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JAN 10 PY 2005 VL 26 IS 1 BP 115 EP 139 DI 10.1080/01431160412331291288 PG 25 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 893NH UT WOS:000226726000009 ER PT J AU Walter, MT Brooks, ES McCool, DK King, LG Molnau, M Boll, J AF Walter, MT Brooks, ES McCool, DK King, LG Molnau, M Boll, J TI Process-based snowmelt modeling: does it require more input data than temperature-index modeling? SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE snowmelt; energy budget; distributed hydrological model; environmental energy; process-based model; temperature-index model ID DAILY SOLAR-RADIATION; ENERGY-BALANCE; MINIMUM TEMPERATURE; COMPLEX TERRAIN; COVER ENERGY; HUMIDITY; SURFACE; FOREST; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATION AB Modeling snow hydrology for cold regions remains a problematic aspect of many hydro-environmental models. Temperature-index methods are commonly used and are routinely justified under the auspices that process-based models require too many input data. To test this claim, we used a physical, process-based model to simulate snowmelt at four locations across the conterminous US using energy components estimated from measured daily maximum and minimum temperature, i.e. using only the same data required for temperature-index models. The results showed good agreement between observed and predicted snow water equivalents, average R-2 > 0.9. We duplicated the simulations using a simple temperature-index model best fitted to the data and results were poorer, R-2 < 0.8. At one site we applied the process-based model without substantial parameter estimation, and there were no significant (alpha = 0.05) differences between these results and those obtained using temperature-estimated parameters, despite relatively poorly predicted specific energy budget components (R-2 < 0.8). These results encourage the use of mechanistic snowmelt modeling approaches in hydrological models, especially in distributed hydrological models for which landscape snow distribution may be controlled by spatially distributed components of the environmental energy budget. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Moscow, ID USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA USA. RP Walter, MT (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mtw5@comell.edu NR 47 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN 10 PY 2005 VL 300 IS 1-4 BP 65 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.jhydro.2004.05.002 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 886JN UT WOS:000226223400005 ER PT J AU Lippolis, JD Reinhardt, TA AF Lippolis, JD Reinhardt, TA TI Proteomic survey of bovine neutrophils SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neutrophil; proteomics; bovine ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; NADPH OXIDASE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; COMPONENTS; APOPTOSIS; BLOOD; MILK AB Mastitis is a major economic concern for the dairy industry. Conditions such as parturition cause a transient immunosuppression that leads to increased incidence of mastitis. One facet of periparturient immunosuppression is a functional impairment of the blood and milk neutrophils in dairy cows. To better understand the biology of the bovine neutrophil we report the first proteomic analysis of the bovine neutrophil. We have identified over 250 proteins using one-dimensional electrophoresis followed by reverse-phase chromatography in line with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. A large number of metabolic proteins were identified, including most of the enzymes required for generation of NADPH and ATR In addition, many proteins were identified that participate in cell mobility and phagocytosis. All the bovine members of the cathelicidin family were identified, as well as other proteins with immunological functions. Proteins important for cell signaling, vesicular transport, control of apoptosis and other functions were identified giving an overview of the bovine neutrophil proteome. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Lippolis, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jlippoli@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 31 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JAN 10 PY 2005 VL 103 IS 1-2 BP 53 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.08.019 PG 13 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 888YA UT WOS:000226408900005 PM 15626461 ER PT J AU Krasnov, A Koskinen, H Pehkonen, P Rexroad, CE Afanasyev, S Molsa, H AF Krasnov, A Koskinen, H Pehkonen, P Rexroad, CE Afanasyev, S Molsa, H TI Gene expression in the brain and kidney of rainbow trout in response to handling stress SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID CDNA MICROARRAY; TRANSPORT; RESOURCE; ONTOLOGY; DATABASE; PROFILE; CLONING; NDRG2; FISH AB Background: Microarray technologies are rapidly becoming available for new species including teleost fishes. We constructed a rainbow trout cDNA microarray targeted at the identification of genes which are differentially expressed in response to environmental stressors. This platform included clones from normalized and subtracted libraries and genes selected through functional annotation. Present study focused on time-course comparisons of stress responses in the brain and kidney and the identification of a set of genes which are diagnostic for stress response. Results: Fish were stressed with handling and samples were collected 1, 3 and 5 days after the first exposure. Gene expression profiles were analysed in terms of Gene Ontology categories. Stress affected different functional groups of genes in the tissues studied. Mitochondria, extracellular matrix and endopeptidases (especially collagenases) were the major targets in kidney. Stress response in brain was characterized with dramatic temporal alterations. Metal ion binding proteins, glycolytic enzymes and motor proteins were induced transiently, whereas expression of genes involved in stress and immune response, cell proliferation and growth, signal transduction and apoptosis, protein biosynthesis and folding changed in a reciprocal fashion. Despite dramatic difference between tissues and time-points, we were able to identify a group of 48 genes that showed strong correlation of expression profiles (Pearson r > |0.65|) in 35 microarray experiments being regulated by stress. We evaluated performance of the clone sets used for preparation of microarray. Overall, the number of differentially expressed genes was markedly higher in EST than in genes selected through Gene Ontology annotations, however 63% of stress-responsive genes were from this group. Conclusions: 1. Stress responses in fish brain and kidney are different in function and time-course. 2. Identification of stress-regulated genes provides the possibility for measuring stress responses in various conditions and further search for the functionally related genes. C1 Univ Kuopio, Inst Appl Biotechnol, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. IM Sechenov Evolutionary Physiol & Biochem Inst, St Petersburg 194223, Russia. RP Krasnov, A (reprint author), Univ Kuopio, Inst Appl Biotechnol, POB 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. EM krasnov@uku.fi; heikki.koskinen@uku.fi; petri.pehkonen@uku.fi; CRexroad@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov; afan@iephb.ru; Hannu.Molsa@uku.fi RI Krasnov, Aleksei/D-3065-2012; Afanasyev, Sergey/K-9309-2015 OI Afanasyev, Sergey/0000-0002-8393-820X NR 34 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JAN 6 PY 2005 VL 6 AR 3 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-6-3 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 891VD UT WOS:000226608200001 PM 15634361 ER PT J AU Dansinger, ML Gleason, JA Griffith, JL Selker, HP Schaefer, EJ AF Dansinger, ML Gleason, JA Griffith, JL Selker, HP Schaefer, EJ TI Comparison of the Atkins, Ornish, Weight watchers, and Zone diets for weight loss and heart disease risk reduction SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID LOW-CARBOHYDRATE-DIET; LOW-FAT DIET; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; BODY-COMPOSITION; POPULAR DIETS; OBESITY; OVERWEIGHT; PROGRAM; PLASMA AB Context The scarcity of data addressing the health effects of popular diets is an Important public health concern, especially since patients and physicians are interested in using popular diets as individualized eating strategies for disease prevention. Objective To assess adherence rates and the effectiveness of 4 popular diets (Atkins, Zone, Weight Watchers, and Ornish) for weight loss and cardiac risk factor reduction. Design Setting, and Participants A single-center randomized trial at an academic medical center in Boston, Mass, of overweight or obese (body mass index: mean, 35; range, 27-42) adults aged 22 to 72 years with known hypertension, dyslipidemia, or fasting hyperglycemia. Participants were enrolled starting July 18, 2000, and randomized to 4 popular diet groups until January 24, 2002. Intervention A total of 1-60 participants were randomly assigned to either Atkins (carbohydrate restriction, n=40), Zone (macronutrient balance, n=40), Weight Watchers (calorie restriction, n=40), or Ornish (fat restriction, n=40) diet groups. After 2 months of maximum effort, participants selected their own levels of dietary adherence. Main Outcome Measures One-year changes in baseline weight and cardiac risk factors, and self-selected dietary adherence rates per self-report. Results Assuming no change from baseline for participants who discontinued the study, mean (SD) weight loss at 1 year was 2.1 (4.8) kg for Atkins (21 [53%] of 40 participants completed, P=.009), 3.2 (6.0) kg for Zone (26 [65%] of 40 completed,P=.002), 3.0 (4.9) kg for Weight Watchers (26 [65%] of 40 completed, P<.001), and 3.3 (7.3) kg for Ornish (20 [50%] of 40 completed, P=.007). Greater effects were observed in study completers. Each diet significantly reduced the low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio by approximately 10% (all P<.05), with no significant effects on blood pressure or glucose at 1 year. Amount of weight loss was associated with self-reported dietary adherence level (r=0.60; P<.001) but not with diet type (r=0.07; P=.40). For each diet, decreasing levels of total/HDL cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and insulin were significantly associated with weight loss (mean r=0.36, 0.37, and 0.39, respectively) with no significant difference between diets (P=.48, P=57, P=31, respectively). Conclusions Each popular diet modestly reduced body weight and several cardiac risk factors at 1 year. Overall dietary adherence rates were low, although increased adherence was associated with greater weight loss and cardiac risk factor reductions for each diet group. C1 Tufts Univ, Tufts New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Atherosclerosis Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Dansinger, ML (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Tufts New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Atherosclerosis Res Lab, Box 216,Boston Dispensary 342,750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM mdansinger@tufts-nemc.org RI Biguzzi, Felipe/E-4724-2015 FU AHRQ HHS [T32 HS00060]; NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00054]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL57477]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P30DK46200] NR 44 TC 730 Z9 748 U1 17 U2 139 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 5 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 1 BP 43 EP 53 DI 10.1001/jama.293.1.43 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 884QY UT WOS:000226102100020 PM 15632335 ER PT S AU Pearson, TC Cetin, AE Tewfik, A AF Pearson, TC Cetin, AE Tewfik, A GP IEEE TI Detection of insect damaged wheat kernels by impact acoustics SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5: SPEECH PROCESSING SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE ID PISTACHIO NUTS AB Insect damaged wheat kernels (IDK) are characterized by a small hole bored into the kernel by insect larvae. This damage decreases flour quality as insect proteins interfere with the bread-making biochemistry and insect fragments are very unsightly. A prototype system was set up to detect IDK by dropping them onto a steel plate and processing the acoustic signal generated when kernels impact the plate. The acoustic signal was processed by three different methods: 1) modeling of the signal in the time domain, 2) computing time domain signal variances in short time windows, and 3), analysis of the frequency spectra magnitudes. Linear discriminant analysis was used to select a subset of features and perform classification. 98% of un-damaged kernels and 84.4% of IDK were correctly classified. C1 USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-8874-7 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2005 BP 649 EP 652 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BCI02 UT WOS:000229404204163 ER PT B AU Erdahl, BJ AF Erdahl, BJ GP Amer Assoc Swine Vet TI PRRS planned exposure regulatory considerations SO 36th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Swine Veterinarians, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Swine-Veterinarians CY MAR 05-08, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Amer Assoc Swine Veterinarians C1 USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Erdahl, BJ (reprint author), USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC SWINE VETERINARIANS PI PERRY PA 902 1ST AVE, PERRY, IA 50220 USA PY 2005 BP 337 EP 338 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA BCR75 UT WOS:000230958500077 ER PT B AU Lunney, JK AF Lunney, JK GP Amer Assoc Swine Vet TI General immunology: acquired immunity SO 36th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Swine Veterinarians, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Swine-Veterinarians CY MAR 05-08, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Amer Assoc Swine Veterinarians ID CLASSICAL SWINE-FEVER; DELTA T-CELLS; DENDRITIC CELLS; B-CELL; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; ANTIBODY REPERTOIRE; VIRUS-INFECTION; HOST-DEFENSE; IN-VITRO; RECEPTOR C1 USDA ARS, ANRI, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lunney, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS, ANRI, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC SWINE VETERINARIANS PI PERRY PA 902 1ST AVE, PERRY, IA 50220 USA PY 2005 BP 473 EP 478 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA BCR75 UT WOS:000230958500106 ER PT S AU Frihart, CR AF Frihart, Charles R. BE Damico, D TI Adhesive bonding and performance testing of bonded wood products SO Advances in Adhesives, Adhesion Science, and Testing SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Adhesives, Adhesion Science, and Testing CY OCT 04, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat Comm D14 Adhes DE wood; bond formation; bond failure; cellular; microscopy ID SPRUCE WOOD AB Despite the importance of durable Wood bonds, the factors that lead to durability are not well understood, and the internal forces exerted upon the bondline are often overlooked. Durability requires that the bonded assembly resist dimensional changes of wood with fluctuation of wood moisture levels. Both bonding and bond breaking steps need to be understood at cellular and nanoscale, in addition to the larger spatial scales normally examined. With both internal and external forces being significant, interphase and bulk adhesive properties need to be better understood. Systematic studies of the bonding process, the forces upon the bondline, and the locus of failure using different types of adhesives and wood species should improve our ability to design Wood adhesives. Modifications of wood surfaces, along with spectroscopic and microscopic analyses, are important tools to understand bond formation and failure. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Wood Adhes Sci & Technol, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Frihart, CR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Wood Adhes Sci & Technol, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3489-4 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2005 VL 1463 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1520/STP11654S PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BEK01 UT WOS:000237499300001 ER PT S AU Scott, CT Hernandez, R Frihart, C Gleisner, R Tice, T AF Scott, C. T. Hernandez, R. Frihart, C. Gleisner, R. Tice, T. BE Damico, D TI Method for quantifying percentage wood failure in block-shear specimens by a laser scanning profilometer SO Advances in Adhesives, Adhesion Science, and Testing SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Adhesives, Adhesion Science, and Testing CY OCT 04, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat Comm D14 Adhes DE laser; profilometer; adhesion; block-shear; wood failure AB A new method for quantifying percentage wood failure of an adhesively bonded block-shear specimen has been developed. This method incorporates a laser displacement gage with an automated two-axis positioning system that functions as a highly sensitive profilometer. The failed specimen is continuously scanned across its Width to obtain a surface failure profile. The laser is then moved incrementally along the length of the specimen and repeatedly scanned to obtain a three-dimensional digital profile of the surface. This digital profile can then be reconstructed and analyzed with appropriate software. Special algorithms are used to quantify percentage wood failure and degree of wood failure (depth of wood failure) and to recognize various surface anomalies, such as bondline voids. This paper presents exploratory data on several different types of wood failures and correlates these measurements to the visual inspections of skilled evaluators. The device is very sensitive to most observed failures, particularly those with deep wood failure. However, shallow failures close to the bondline can be problematic. The algorithms allow a "roughness" tolerance to be specified to characterize these surfaces. This new method will be useful for automating measurement of wood failure in block-shear specimens with good precision and repeatability. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Scott, CT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3489-4 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2005 VL 1463 BP 25 EP 34 DI 10.1520/STP11656S PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BEK01 UT WOS:000237499300003 ER PT S AU Fageria, NK Baligar, VC AF Fageria, NK Baligar, VC BE Sparks, DL TI Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in crop plants SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 88 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; NO-TILLAGE CORN; NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; ZEA-MAYS-L; MEDITERRANEAN-TYPE ENVIRONMENTS; FERTILIZER USE EFFICIENCY; GRAIN-SORGHUM PRODUCTION; CONTROLLED-RELEASE FERTILIZERS; THIOPHOSPHORIC TRIAMIDE NBTPT AB Nitrogen is the most limiting nutrient for crop production in many of the world's agricultural areas and its efficient use is important for the economic sustainability of cropping systems. Furthermore, the dynamic nature of N and its propensity for loss from soil-plant systems creates a unique and challenging environment for its efficient management. Crop response to applied N and use efficiency are important criteria for evaluating crop N requirements for maximum economic yield. Recovery of N in crop plants is usually less than 50% worldwide. Low recovery of N in annual crop is associated with its loss by volatilization, leaching, surface runoff, denitrification, and plant canopy. Low recovery of N is not only responsible for higher cost of crop production, but also for environmental pollution. Hence, improving N use efficiency (NUE) is desirable to improve crop yields, reducing cost of production, and maintaining environmental quality. To improve N efficiency in agriculture, integrated N management strategies that take into consideration improved fertilizer along with soil and crop management practices are necessary. Including livestock production with cropping offers one of the best opportunities to improve NUE. Synchrony of N supply with crop demand is essential in order to ensure adequate quantity of uptake and utilization and optimum yield. This paper discusses N dynamics in soil-plant systems, and outlines management options for enhancing N use by annual crops. (c) 2005, Elsevier Inc. C1 EMBRAPA, Natl Rice & Bean Res Ctr, BR-75375000 Santo Antonio de Goias, Goias, Brazil. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fageria, NK (reprint author), EMBRAPA, Natl Rice & Bean Res Ctr, BR-75375000 Santo Antonio de Goias, Goias, Brazil. RI Yang, Yang/C-7464-2012 NR 576 TC 234 Z9 271 U1 42 U2 266 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 0-12-000786-X J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2005 VL 88 BP 97 EP 185 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(05)88004-6 PG 89 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BDK82 UT WOS:000234008300004 ER PT B AU Considine, JM Scott, CT Gleisner, R Zhu, JY AF Considine, J. M. Scott, C. T. Gleisner, R. Zhu, J. Y. BE IAnson, SJ TI USE OF DIGITAL IMAGE CORRELATION TO STUDY THE LOCAL DEFORMATION FIELD OF PAPER AND PAPERBOARD SO ADVANCES IN PAPER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: TRANSACTIONS OF THE 13TH FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Fundamental Research Symposium on Advances in Paper Science and Technology CY SEP, 2005 CL Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, ENGLAND HO Univ Cambridge ID STRAIN FIELDS; STRENGTH AB Digital image correlation was used to measure the full-field deformation of paperboard and handsheet tensile specimens. The correlation technique was able to accurately measure strain in regions 0.6 by 0.6 mm. Results showed the variation of strain to be much larger than has been previously reported. For machine-made paperboard tested in the cross-direction, the variation of strain increased throughout the tensile test and became erratic near failure, indicating many local failures. The measured strain distribution can be characterized by a Weibull function in agreement with weak-link failure theories. The analysis of a handsheet tensile specimen with a low-grammage region, approximately 4 mm wide, showed large negative strains near the region's edge. C1 [Considine, J. M.; Scott, C. T.; Gleisner, R.; Zhu, J. Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Considine, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU PULP & PAPER FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH SOCIETY PI BURY PA REG OFFICE, 5 FRECHEVILLE COURT,, BURY, LANCASHIRE BL9 0UF, ENGLAND BN 978-0-9545272-3-5 PY 2005 BP 613 EP 630 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA BRS39 UT WOS:000283529400018 ER PT J AU Crow, WT Ryu, D Famiglietti, JS AF Crow, WT Ryu, D Famiglietti, JS TI Upscaling of field-scale soil moisture measurements using distributed land surface modeling SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE distributed land surface modeling; microwave remote sensing; surface soil moisture ID SGP97 HYDROLOGY EXPERIMENT; REMOTE-SENSING FOOTPRINTS; SPATIALLY-VARIABLE WATER; ENERGY-BALANCE PROCESSES; VARIABILITY; VEGETATION; STABILITY; TIME; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; ORGANIZATION AB Accurate coarse-scale soil moisture information is required for robust validation of current- and next-generation soil moisture products derived from spaceborne radiometers. Due to large amounts of land surface and rainfall heterogeneity, such information is difficult to obtain from existing ground-based networks of soil moisture sensors. Using ground-based field data collected during the Soil Moisture Experiment in 2002 (SMEX02), the potential for using distributed modeling predictions of the land surface as an upscaling tool for field-scale soil moisture observations is examined. Results demonstrate that distributed models are capable of accurately capturing a significant level of field-scale soil moisture heterogeneity observed during SMEX02. A simple soil moisture upscaling strategy based on the merger of ground-based observations with modeling predictions is developed and shown to be more robust during SMEX02 than upscaling approaches that utilize either field-scale ground observations or model predictions in isolation. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. RP Crow, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. EM wcrow@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Ryu, Dongryeol/C-5903-2008 OI Ryu, Dongryeol/0000-0002-5335-6209 NR 44 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 28 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2004.10.004 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 889GI UT WOS:000226431100001 ER PT J AU Cooper, JC Lipper, L Zilberman, D AF Cooper, Joseph C. Lipper, Leslie Zilberman, David BA Cooper, J Lipper, LM Zilberman, D BF Cooper, J Lipper, LM Zilberman, D TI INTRODUCTION similar to AGRICULTURAL BIODIVERSITY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY: ECONOMIC ISSUES AND FRAME WORK FOR ANALYSIS SO AGRICULTURAL BIODIVERSITY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SE Natural Resource Management and Policy LA English Estonian DT Article; Book Chapter DE adoption; agriculture; biodiversity; biotechnology; conservation; developing countries; economic analysis; plant genetic resources; policy implications AB This chapter provides an overview of the book, Agricultural Biodiversity and Biotechnology: Economic Issues and Framework for Analysis. The book presents the results of three years of collaborative research in which the authors aimed to develop a coherent and economics-based approach to policy-making in the management of biotechnology and biodiversity. Namely, it explores the economics of both the conservation of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture and the adoption of molecular biotechnology, the economics of whether or not their respective policies should be linked, and, if so, how. This book begins with a section containing chapters overviewing the global setting in which the management of biotechnology and biodiversity are taking place, including an analysis of major socioeconomic trends and institutional developments and their potential impacts. The next section provides an analysis of the current and potential value of biotechnology in developing countries and the types of institutional reforms needed to realize this potential. The book is then concluded with a summary chapter that integrates the policy implications drawn from earlier sections on biodiversity and biotechnology in the context of development. C1 [Cooper, Joseph C.] Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Lipper, Leslie] Food & Agr Org UN, Agr & Dev Econ Anal Div, I-00100 Rome, Italy. [Zilberman, David] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cooper, JC (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, USDA, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-25409-8 J9 NAT RES MANAG POLICY PY 2005 VL 27 BP 3 EP 13 D2 10.1007/b107322 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BLG39 UT WOS:000270112900002 ER PT B AU Cooper, JC AF Cooper, Joseph C. BA Cooper, J Lipper, LM Zilberman, D BF Cooper, J Lipper, LM Zilberman, D TI THE SHARING OF BENEFITS FROM THE UTILIZATION OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE SO AGRICULTURAL BIODIVERSITY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SE Natural Resource Management and Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE agriculture; benefit-sharing; biodiversity; Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture; conservation; developing countries; economic value; environmental indicators; International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture; plant genetic resources ID IRREVERSIBILITY; UNCERTAINTY AB A major issue in international multilateral negotiations is the creation of a fund for the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFAs). This chapter provides a conceptual understanding of the economic value of PGRFAs, identifies proxies for this value that can be used to determine the relative contribution of each country to the benefit-sharing fund, and evaluates the suitability of each proxy to this task. C1 Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Cooper, JC (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, USDA, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-25409-8 J9 NAT RES MANAG POLICY PY 2005 VL 27 BP 177 EP 195 D2 10.1007/b107322 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BLG39 UT WOS:000270112900010 ER PT B AU Cooper, JC AF Cooper, Joseph C. BA Cooper, J Lipper, LM Zilberman, D BF Cooper, J Lipper, LM Zilberman, D TI ECONOMIC CRITERIA FOR THE MULTILATERAL DISTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURAL BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION FUNDS SO AGRICULTURAL BIODIVERSITY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SE Natural Resource Management and Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE agricultural production; agriculture; biodiversity; centers of diversity; current value Hamiltonian; in situ conservation; International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture; plant genetic resources for food and agriculture ID GENETIC DIVERSITY AB Enough concern has developed internationally over the need to conserve agricultural genetic resources that a multilateral system of access and benefit sharing with regards to key crops has been proposed by the United Nations, including suggestions for funding conservation of agricultural genetic resources in developing countries. This chapter addresses the question of what is the most economically efficient method of distributing the funds among countries and world regions, given the available data. An overview of the economics of investment in agricultural genetic resources conservation along with a theoretical dynamic model is presented. Next, a proxy indicator for regional allocation of conservation funds is developed. Finally, mechanisms for in situ conservation are proposed. C1 Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Cooper, JC (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, USDA, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-25409-8 J9 NAT RES MANAG POLICY PY 2005 VL 27 BP 197 EP 214 D2 10.1007/b107322 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BLG39 UT WOS:000270112900011 ER PT J AU Chantreuil, F Cooper, JC AF Chantreuil, Frederic Cooper, Joseph C. BA Cooper, J Lipper, LM Zilberman, D BF Cooper, J Lipper, LM Zilberman, D TI MODELING THE IMPACTS OF BARGAINING POWER IN THE MULTILATERAL DISTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURAL BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION FUNDS SO AGRICULTURAL BIODIVERSITY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SE Natural Resource Management and Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE agricultural production; agriculture; bargaining power; biodiversity; centers of diversity; coalition structures; equity; game theory; in situ conservation; International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture; plant genetic resources for food and agriculture; Shapley value AB The previous chapter addressed the question of what is the most economically efficient method of distributing the agricultural biodiversity conservation funds from the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture among countries and world regions. This chapter uses game theory to extend the analysis to take into account the possibilities for players, i.e., countries receiving the funds, to form coalitions with respect to obtaining the funds. The analysis applies the Shapley value concept of an n-person cooperative game to determining distribution of the funds at several levels of the negotiating process, e.g., at the country, world region, and fund administrator levels. Using this approach, the impacts of players' bargaining power on the resulting allocations can be empirically assessed. Furthermore, the approach allows us to explicitly account for potentially competing interests of the players, thereby introducing some equity to the allocation. C1 [Chantreuil, Frederic] Inst Natl Rech Agron Econ & Sociol Rurales, F-35011 Rennes, France. [Cooper, Joseph C.] Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Chantreuil, F (reprint author), Inst Natl Rech Agron Econ & Sociol Rurales, 4 Allee Adolphe Bobierre,CS 61103, F-35011 Rennes, France. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-25409-8 J9 NAT RES MANAG POLICY PY 2005 VL 27 BP 215 EP 231 D2 10.1007/b107322 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BLG39 UT WOS:000270112900012 ER PT J AU Lipper, L Cooper, JC Zilberman, D AF Lipper, Leslie Cooper, Joseph C. Zilberman, David BA Cooper, J Lipper, LM Zilberman, D BF Cooper, J Lipper, LM Zilberman, D TI SYNTHESIS CHAPTER: MANAGING PLANT GENETIC DIVERSITY AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPMENT SO AGRICULTURAL BIODIVERSITY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SE Natural Resource Management and Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE agricultural biodiversity; agricultural biotechnology; benefit-sharing; developing countries ex situ conservation; in situ conservation; intellectual property; market institutions; plant genetic resources; technology adoption; technology diffusion; technology transfer AB This chapter synthesizes the arguments presented in 20 different chapters on various aspects of agricultural biodiversity conservation, managing biotechnology for development, equity issues in the management of plant genetic resources, and the policy implications associated with the respective analyses. Overall, the analyses in this book indicate that agricultural biodiversity and biotechnology are co-evolving, with a number of different points of intersection. Recognition of the inter-dependency between biotechnology and biodiversity is critical to the achievement of sound policy design for the management of agricultural biotechnology and biodiversity in the context of economic development. The analyses suggest that on efficiency as well as equity grounds, direct beneficiaries from agricultural biodiversity conservation should be made to reward the providers of the benefits, based both on actual and expected gains. However, benefit-sharing mechanisms must be designed to recognize the significant benefits associated with maintaining a free flow of genetic resources. Several directions for future research were identified including: the economic assessment of the impacts of adoption of various types of agricultural biotechnologies as they evolve, identification and assessment of the risks associated with biotechnology adoption relative to potential benefits, designing institutions for monitoring the environmental impacts of agricultural biotechnology, assessment of the contribution and value of various forms of genetic resources and the costs associated with their loss, including the local and global public good values of diversity in terms of reducing vulnerabilities to pests and diseases, the value of maintaining diversity as an input to agricultural breeding programs. Combining research on valuation and costs could be a highly useful guide to developing countries on targeting strategies for conservation. Markets, due to their increasing importance as a mechanism for the allocation of resources, need to be analyzed in terms of their role in providing incentives and disincentives for conservation. Finally, an important area for further research is the equity implications of alternative management schemes for plant genetic diversity conservation and agricultural biotechnology. Designing incentives for in situ conservation, which address not only current but also future opportunity costs associated with conservation in the presence of economic development, is another important equity issue where the analysis in the book indicates the need for more economic research. C1 [Lipper, Leslie] Food & Agr Org UN, Agr & Dev Econ Anal Div, I-00100 Rome, Italy. [Cooper, Joseph C.] Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Zilberman, David] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lipper, L (reprint author), Food & Agr Org UN, Agr & Dev Econ Anal Div, Viale Terme Caracalla, I-00100 Rome, Italy. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-25409-8 J9 NAT RES MANAG POLICY PY 2005 VL 27 BP 457 EP 477 D2 10.1007/b107322 PG 21 WC Agronomy; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BLG39 UT WOS:000270112900022 ER PT J AU LeBlanc, M Kuhn, B Blaylock, J AF LeBlanc, Michael Kuhn, Betsey Blaylock, James TI Poverty amidst plenty: food insecurity in the United States SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE poverty; food security; household income; labor market AB The United States faces domestic food security issues that differ from those encountered by many countries. Yet, in 2001, 10.7% of U.S. households were estimated to be food insecure at some point during the year. Food security, poverty, and food insecurity are strongly linked by economic conditions. Job transitions, layoffs, and family disruptions result in periods of low income and vulnerability to food insecurity. Economic and food assistance programs have helped protect many U.S. households when the market economy has failed to do so. These programs have reduced vulnerability to falling income and food insecurity during economic downturns in the business cycle. However effective food assistance programs have been for reducing short-term vulnerability, they do not enhance a household's ability to achieve sustainable food security. Prospects for improving long-term food security are tied to the same economic forces shaping a household's income and budget, particularly those related to labor productivity and wages. C1 [LeBlanc, Michael; Kuhn, Betsey; Blaylock, James] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP LeBlanc, M (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON-BLACKWELL JI Agric. Econ. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 32 SU 1 BP 159 EP 173 DI 10.1111/j.0169-5150.2004.00021.x PG 15 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA V44PM UT WOS:000203014600013 ER PT J AU Belesky, DP AF Belesky, DP TI Growth of Dactylis glomerata along a light gradient in the central Appalachian region of the eastern USA: I. Dry matter production and partitioning SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE allometry; canopy management; orchardgrass; phytomass allocation; shoot : root; silvopasture ID SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATE RESERVES; BIOMASS ALLOCATION; ORCHARDGRASS; RESPONSES; RYEGRASS; HERBAGE; SHADE; PLANT; WATER; GRASS AB Microsite influences on resource allocation related to silvopastoral swards undergoing repeated defoliation are unclear. Defoliating traditional pasture species according to canopy development criteria may not be appropriate when the plants grow as understory crops in woodlots. An experiment using container-grown plants was conducted under field conditions to determine how open (O), shaded woodland ( W) and open-to-shaded woodland transition zones (E-O, E-W), representing the partial shade conditions found in silvopastoral settings, in. uenced productivity and dry matter allocation in Dactylis glomerata L. Plants established in spring (SP) and late summer (LS) were clipped each time mean sward height reached 20 cm. Dry matter production differed for SP and LS plantings, and was greater in O than W sites. Dry matter allocation to shoots of SP plants indicated some agronomic benefit associated with the E-O and E-W sites. Leaf mass did not vary with irradiance, but stembase mass did. The SP plants had numerous small tillers whereas LS plants were composed of comparatively fewer but more massive tillers. Plants growing at O, E-O and E-W were similar, whereas plants in the W site were smaller and had the fewest tillers regardless of planting time. Results suggest that defoliation management for shaded components of silvopastoral systems should be based on some index other than sward height, and that management criteria might change during the growing season. Less intensive removal ( e. g., 10-cm rather that 5-cm residue) should be considered for defoliated, shade grown plants, since this could allow more stembase and nonstructural carbohydrate storage tissues to remain. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Belesky, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM david.belesky@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 65 IS 2 BP 81 EP 90 DI 10.1007/s10457-004-5725-y PG 10 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 923PD UT WOS:000228920900001 ER PT J AU Belesky, DP AF Belesky, DP TI Growth of Dactylis glomerata along a light gradient in the central Appalachian region of the eastern USA: II. Mechanisms of leaf dry matter production SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency; relative regrowth rate; specific leaf area; total nonstructural carbohydrates ID TALL FESCUE; GRASSES; PLANTS AB Microsite influences development and resource allocation of Dactylis glomerata L. (orchardgrass), a traditional pasture species with potential as an understory crop in silvopasture of humid temperate regions. An experiment using container-grown orchardgrass was conducted under field conditions to determine how open (O), shaded woodland (W) and open-to-shaded woodland transition zone (E-O, E-W) microsites influenced leaf DM production. Plants established in spring (SP) and late summer (LS) were clipped each time mean canopy height reached 20 cm. Dry matter production and allocation among structures differed, as a function of light attenuation. Specific leaf area (SLA) and photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE) were associated with leaf DM production, whereas leaf N, net assimilation rate and shoot total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC), were not. Specific leaf area was related to leaf DM of LS plants, whereas PNUE influenced leaf DM of SP plants. Stembase TNC was inversely related to relative regrowth rate (RG(R)R) with RG(R)R greatest and TNC the least at W. The relationship for RG(R)R and TNC for SP plants growing at O and LS plants growing at W was similar. Regardless of how indices of growth are related, SP and LS plantings responded as separate populations (representing young and established plants respectively) that have different leaf DM production efficiencies. Orchardgrass was able to sustain leaf production when subjected to simultaneous stresses of shade and repeated defoliation. The LS plants growing at W respond in a manner similar to SP plants and may require management practices attuned to establishing or immature plants. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Belesky, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM david.belesky@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 65 IS 2 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1007/s10457-004-5726-x PG 8 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 923PD UT WOS:000228920900002 ER PT J AU Northup, BK Brown, JR Ash, AJ AF Northup, BK Brown, JR Ash, AJ TI Grazing impacts on spatial distribution of soil and herbaceous characteristics in an Australian tropical woodland SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE eucalypt woodlands; grazing pressure; land condition; plant-soil interactions; silvopasture; soil properties ID RANGELANDS; GRADIENT; GRASSES; CARBON AB This study examined effects of different levels of applied grazing pressures on herbaceous vegetation (standing crop, basal area, size and spacing of grass tussocks) and soil properties (total soil C, total N, total P, and soil-borne plant material [roots and surface litter] in the A horizon) around grass tussocks of a dry eucalypt woodland (dominant woody components; Eucalyptus xanthoclada and Corymbia erythrophloia of northern Australia. Grass tussocks influenced total soil C and N at small (< 20 cm) spatial scales, and applied grazing pressures significantly (p< 0.05) affected all soil properties except total P. Concentrations of N and C were highest at locations close to plants, and levels in proximity to plants declined under sustained heavy grazing. Paddocks receiving heavier grazing pressures also produced less standing crop and tussocks were smaller and more widely dispersed. Further, areas with high amounts of soil C, N and soil-borne plant materials were smaller and more widely dispersed under heavy grazing. Alternatively, conservative grazing pressure in combination with wet season grazing deferments allowed conservation of landscape condition. Eucalypt woodlands in northern Australia have low resistance to disturbance, and limited resilience to recover following disturbance. As such, the effects of disturbance on these areas should be monitored by combinations of plant (basal area, plant spacing) and soil (soil-borne plant material, total N) characteristics capable of detecting degradation at the earliest stages possible. C1 CSIRO Trop Agr, Davies Lab, Aitkenvale, Qld 4814, Australia. USDA, NRCS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. CSIRO Sustainable Ecosyst, Longpocket Labs, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. RP Northup, BK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7202 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM bnorthup@grl.ars.usda.gov RI Ash, Andrew/D-5237-2012 NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 65 IS 2 BP 137 EP 150 DI 10.1007/s10457-004-0002-7 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 923PD UT WOS:000228920900006 ER PT J AU McMurtrey, JE Daughtry, CST Devine, TE Corp, LA AF McMurtrey, JE Daughtry, CST Devine, TE Corp, LA TI Spectral detection of crop residues for soil conservation from conventional and large biomass soybean SO AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; cellulose absorption index (CAI); remote sensing; soil erosion ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE; PLANT LITTER; FLUORESCENCE; COVER AB A spectrally derived cellulose absorption index (CAI) was tested to determine its value as a remote sensing method for detecting crop residue ground coverage for soil erosion control in soybean (Glycine max ( L.) Merr.). Soybean produces inadequate crop residue for soil conservation purposes in many production years. Crop residues left on the soil surface after harvest slow soil erosion rates. The CAI remote sensing technique was tested over field plots of conventional and large biomass soybean (LBS) with known above ground crop residue biomass and surface coverage. New LBS types are being bred and tested at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC), Beltsville, Maryland, US, and can grow to heights of 1.8 m and produce increased amounts of crop residue compared to conventional cultivars. The highest performing LBS line for these traits provided 2963 kg/ha more crop residue biomass and provided a maximum increase of 42% more crop residue cover than the poorest performing conventional soybean. The comparison of LBS versus conventional soybean provided a wide range of soybean residue coverage for testing the CAI remote sensing algorithm. Spectrally derived CAI measures of crop residue were significantly associated with physical ground measurements of crop biomass at harvest and % cover after over wintering. Significant correlations were found between, the CAI and at harvest biomass (r(2) = 0.66), between, the CAI and the line point transect measurement (r(2) = 0.74), and between, CAI and the analysis of red-green-blue digital imagery (r(2) = 0.74) for measuring crop residue cover. These findings indicate that LBS can increase crop residue biomass and crop residue soil coverage by soybean litter and these factors can be detected by remote sensing methods in the field. C1 ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP McMurtrey, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mcmurtrey@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE J9 AGRON SUSTAIN DEV JI Agron. Sustain. Dev. PD JAN-MAR PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.1051/agro:2004051 PG 9 WC Agronomy; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Agriculture; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 915IM UT WOS:000228292000003 ER PT J AU Anderson, RL AF Anderson, RL TI Are some crops synergistic to following crops? SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID USE EFFICIENCY; NITROGEN; YIELD; CORN; ROTATIONS; TILLAGE; WHEAT; PEA AB Because of improved water management, producers in the Great Plains are diversifying their crop rotations. A benefit of crop diversity is that some crop sequences can increase grain yields. Along with yield benefits, we also have noted that water use efficiency (WUE) of some crops can be improved by preceding crops. For example, WUE of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is improved if corn (Zea mays L.) is included in the rotation. If crops respond favorably to rotation, they either increase plant capacity and resource use or improve resource use efficiency (synergism). We suggest that the soil environment remaining after some crops, such as corn or legumes, synergistically improves growth efficiency of following crops. However, synergism appears to be specific between crops. We also suggest that synergism among crops would be assessed most accurately in long-term cropping systems studies. C1 USDA, ARS, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Anderson, RL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM randerson@ngirl.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 97 IS 1 BP 7 EP 10 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 894IB UT WOS:000226783300002 ER PT J AU Balkcom, KS Reeves, DW AF Balkcom, KS Reeves, DW TI Sunn-hemp utilized as a legume cover crop for corn production SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NO-TILLAGE CORN; NITROGEN; MINERALIZATION; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEM AB The benefits of winter legumes as cover crops for corn (Zea mays L.) are diminished by the earliness of corn planting in relation to biomass and N production by the legumes. Tropical legumes may offer an alternative to winter legumes because they produce adequate biomass before corn planting. We determined the suitability of 'Tropic Sunn' sunn-hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) as a cover crop for corn on a Compass loamy sand (coarse-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Plinthic Paleudults) in central Alabama using a split-plot treatment structure in a randomized complete block design with four replications from 1991 to 1993. Main plots were winter fallow and sunn-hemp planted in mid-August, and subplots were N (0, 56, 112, and 168 kg N ha(-1)) applied to corn 3 weeks after planting (WAP). Sunn-hemp biomass production approximately 14 WAP (first frost) averaged 7.6 Mg ha(-1) with an N content of 144 kg ha(-1) in the first 2 yr of the study. Corn grain yield following sunn-hemp averaged 6.9 Mg ha(-1) whereas yield following winter fallow averaged 5.7 Mg ha(-1). Grain N averaged 16.3 kg ha(-1) greater for corn following sunn-hemp than fallow plots. Before first frost, sunn-hemp produced excellent biomass to serve as a winter cover crop in corn production while producing N equivalent to 58 kg ha(-1) of N fertilizer during the 3-yr period, based on corn yield and N response. Sunn-hemp has potential to he utilized as an alternative to winter legumes for ground cover and as an N source for a subsequent corn crop in the Southeast. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Balkcom, KS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM kbalkcom@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 97 IS 1 BP 26 EP 31 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 894IB UT WOS:000226783300005 ER PT J AU Anapalli, SS Ma, L Nielsen, DC Vigil, MF Ahuja, LR AF Anapalli, SS Ma, L Nielsen, DC Vigil, MF Ahuja, LR TI Simulating planting date effects on corn production using RZWQM and CERES-Maize models SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY MODEL; FIELD-MEASURED DATA; CROP PRODUCTION; SOIL; HYBRID; YIELD; EVAPORATION; MANAGEMENT; COLORADO; SYSTEM AB Corn (Zea mays L.) production in northeastern Colorado is constrained by a frost-free period averaging 11 May to 27 September. For optimization of yield, planting at the appropriate time to fit the hybrid maturity length and growing season is critical. Crop models could be used to determine optimum planting windows for a locality. We calibrated the plant parameters of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) and genetic coefficients for the CERES-Maize model and validated their performance against experimental data of three corn hybrids varying in days to maturity, planted on three planting dates in 2 yr at Akron, CO, under irrigation. Both models could be calibrated to predict leaf area index, soil water content, crop water use, and yield with similar levels of accuracy. Both models simulated the observed decline in yield with delayed planting date, but CERES-Maize simulated the yield from the latest planting date much more accurately for all three hybrids than did RZWQM (13% underpredicted by CERES-Maize; 50% overpredicted by RZWQM). Using the long-term Akron weather record, the latest planting dates for the short-, mid-, and long-season hybrids to have a 50% chance of achieving a break-even yield under irrigation were 13 May, 20 May, and 6 May, respectively. Long-term simulations also revealed that the longer maturity length hybrids lose yield faster than short maturity length hybrids with planting delay. The information generated by either RZWQM or CERES-Maize can be useful for making both planting and replanting decisions for corn hybrids of varying maturity length in northeastern Colorado. C1 USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, OH 80720 USA. Great Plains Syst Res, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Nielsen, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, 40335 Cty Rd,GG, Akron, OH 80720 USA. EM David.Nielsen@ars.usda.gov RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 59 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 97 IS 1 BP 58 EP 71 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 894IB UT WOS:000226783300009 ER PT J AU Johnson, WC Prostko, EP Mullinix, BG AF Johnson, WC Prostko, EP Mullinix, BG TI Improving the management of dicot weeds in peanut with narrow row spacings and residual herbicides SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NUTSEDGE CYPERUS-ESCULENTUS; ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA; SYSTEMS AB Narrow row spacings in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production suppress spotted wilt and promote rapid canopy closure, improving competitiveness with weeds. Trials were conducted from 1999 to 2001 to determine if weed suppression in narrow row spacings, in conjunction with new residual herbicides supplemented with nonresidual herbicides, improved weed control and reduced herbicide use. Within each row spacing were three levels of weed management using the residual herbicides imazapic {(+/-)-2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-methyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid], diclosulam [N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-ethoxy-7-fluoro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide], sulfentrazone [N-[2,4-dichloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl ]phenyl]methanesulfonamide}, and flumioxazin {2-[7-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo4-(2-propynyl)-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-iso- indole-1,3(2H)-dione}. Minimal weed management was ethalfluralin [N-ethyl-N-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine] alone for annual grass control. Moderate weed management was ethalfluralin, a residual herbicide, and 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butanoic acid]. Intense weed management was the moderate system for each residual herbicide, plus paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'bipyridinium ion), bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide], and acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid}. Peanut seeded in narrow rows had quicker canopy closure than peanut seeded in wide rows. Densities of individual weeds species were not affected, although total weed densities were lower in narrow rows than wide rows. Narrow row spacings with residual herbicides did not reduce herbicide use compared with wide row spacings. Yields were 12% greater in narrow rows than wide rows. While narrow row spacings did not affect individual weed species and reduce herbicide use, narrow row spacings supplement herbicides by reducing the total number of weed escapes. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Johnson, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM cjohnson@tifton.usda.gov NR 16 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 97 IS 1 BP 85 EP 88 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 894IB UT WOS:000226783300012 ER PT J AU Zhao, DL Reddy, KR Kakani, VG Read, JJ Koti, S AF Zhao, DL Reddy, KR Kakani, VG Read, JJ Koti, S TI Selection of optimum reflectance ratios for estimating leaf nitrogen and chlorophyll concentrations of field-grown cotton SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION APPARENT REFLECTANCE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MEPIQUAT CHLORIDE; HYPERSPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; LEVEL MEASUREMENTS; REMOTE ESTIMATION; YIELD; LEAVES AB Leaf N and chlorophyll (Chl) concentrations of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) are important indicators of plant N status. Laboratory determinations of plant tissue N are time consuming and costly. Measurements of leaf reflectance may provide a rapid and accurate means of estimating leaf N and Chl. Studies were conducted to determine the relationships between leaf hyperspectral reflectance (400-2500 nm) and Chl or N concentration in field-grown cotton. One study consisted of four N rates of 0, 56, 112, and 168 kg N ha(-1), and another study consisted of four mepiquat chloride (MC) rates of 0, 0.59, 1.17, and 2.34 L MC ha(-1). Chlorophyll and N concentrations and reflectance of uppermost, fully expanded mainstem leaves were measured throughout the growing seasons. Reflectance at 556 and 710 nm increased significantly as N fertilizer rate decreased. Averaged across years and sampling dates, the percentage increase in reflectance at these two wavelengths was 8, 10, and 19% greater in the 112, 56, and 0 kg N ha(-1) treatments, respectively, compared with the 168 kg N ha(-1) treatment. The effect of MC on leaf reflectance was more complex than the N effect. In both the N and MC studies, a linear relationship was found between leaf N and a simple ratio of leaf reflectance at 517 and 413 nm (R-517/R-413) (r(2) = 0.65-0.78***). Leaf Chl concentration was associated closely with reflectance ratios of either R-708/R-915 or R-551/R-915 (r(2) = 0.67-0.76***). Our results suggest leaf reflectance can be used for real-time monitoring of cotton plant N status and N fertilizer management in the field. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Reddy, KR (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM krreddy@ra.msstate.edu RI Kakani, Vijaya Gopal/J-4214-2013; OI Kakani, Vijaya Gopal/0000-0002-7925-4809; Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755 NR 48 TC 64 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 97 IS 1 BP 89 EP 98 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 894IB UT WOS:000226783300013 ER EF