FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Kajinami, K Brousseau, ME Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ AF Kajinami, K Brousseau, ME Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ TI CYP3A4 genotypes and plasma lipoprotein levels before and after treatment with atorvastatin in primary hypercholesterolemia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL PRESENTATION; GENETIC VARIANT; PROSTATE TUMORS; POLYMORPHISM; SAFETY; ASSOCIATION; SIMVASTATIN; EFFICACY; STATINS; CYP2D6 AB To test whether genetic variation in the CYP system may influence the statin response, a promoter (A290G) and 2 nonsynonymous polymorphisms (F189S and M445T) in the CYP3A4 gene locus were examined in 340 hypercholesterolemic patients who were treated with atorvastatin 10 mg. The A-290G variant allele Was significantly associated with higher levels of post-treatment low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, whereas the M445T variant was associated with lower levels at low-density lipoprotein cholesterol before and after treatment. (C) 2003 by Excerpta Medica, Inc. C1 Kanazawa Med Univ, Dept Cardiol, Uchinada, Ishikawa 9200293, Japan. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Lipid Res Lab, Div Endocrinol Metab & Mol Biol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Kajinami, K (reprint author), Kanazawa Med Univ, Dept Cardiol, Daigako 1-1, Uchinada, Ishikawa 9200293, Japan. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 20 TC 70 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 3 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 1 BP 104 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.amjcard.2003.08.078 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 760GT UT WOS:000187803800025 PM 14697480 ER PT J AU Drewnowski, A Specter, SE AF Drewnowski, A Specter, SE TI Poverty and obesity: the role of energy density and energy costs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE poverty; food insecurity; obesity; education; income; energy density; food costs; added sugar; added fat; palatability; socioeconomic status ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; HEALTHY EATING INDEX; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; DIETARY-FAT; FOOD CHOICE; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; WEIGHT CONTROL; UNITED-STATES; MACRONUTRIENT COMPOSITION; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES AB Many health disparities in the United States are linked to inequalities in education and income. This review focuses on the relation between obesity and diet quality, dietary energy density, and energy costs. Evidence is provided to support the following points. First, the highest rates of obesity occur among population groups with the highest poverty rates and the least education. Second, there is an inverse relation between energy density (MJ/kg) and energy cost ($/MJ), such that energy-dense foods composed of refined grains, added sugars, or fats may represent the lowest-cost option to the consumer. Third, the high energy density and palatability of sweets and fats are associated with higher energy intakes, at least in clinical and laboratory studies. Fourth, poverty and food insecurity are associated with lower food expenditures, low fruit and vegetable consumption, and lower-quality diets. A reduction in diet costs in linear programming models leads to high-fat, energy-dense diets that are similar in composition to those consumed by low-income groups. Such diets are more affordable than are prudent diets based on lean meats, fish, fresh vegetables, and fruit. The association between poverty and obesity may be mediated, in part, by the low cost of energy-dense foods and may be reinforced by the high palatability of sugar and fat. This economic framework provides an explanation for the observed links between socioeconomic variables and obesity when taste, dietary energy density, and diet costs are used as intervening variables. More and more Americans are becoming overweight and obese while consuming more added sugars and fats and spending a lower percentage of their disposable income on food. C1 Univ Washington, Nutr Sci Program, Dept Epidemiol, Ctr Publ Hlth Nutr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Ctr Publ Hlth Nutr, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Drewnowski, A (reprint author), Univ Washington, Nutr Sci Program, Dept Epidemiol, Ctr Publ Hlth Nutr, 305 Raitt Hall,Box 353410, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 120 TC 953 Z9 978 U1 36 U2 332 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 79 IS 1 BP 6 EP 16 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 757NZ UT WOS:000187569500003 PM 14684391 ER PT J AU Reinhardt, TA Horst, RL Waters, WR AF Reinhardt, TA Horst, RL Waters, WR TI Characterization of Cos-7 cells overexpressing the rat secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPase SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calcium transport ID HAILEY-HAILEY-DISEASE; PLASMA-MEMBRANE CA2+-ATPASE; CALCIUM-PUMP; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; MAMMARY TISSUE; CA2+ PUMP; GOLGI; TRANSPORT; PROTEIN; YEAST AB On the basis of sequence similarities to the yeast PMR1 and hSPCA gene, the rat alternatively spliced mRNA has been suggested to be a Golgi secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPase (SPCA). Data in this report lend further support for this hypothesis in that sucrose gradient fractionation of rat liver microsomes resulted in SPCA comigrating with the Golgi calcium binding protein CALNUC, which was well resolved from the endoplasmic reticulum marker calreticulin. Also, in PC-12 cells, antibody to SPCA colocalized with an antibody to the Golgi marker alpha-mannosidase II. To study the biological effects of SPCA expression, we performed stable overexpression of SPCA in COS-7 cells. Seven clones were selected for further comparison with COS-7 cells containing an empty expression vector. Overexpression of SPCA resulted in a significant reduction of plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase, sarco(endo) plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, and calreticulin expression in these clones. In contrast, the expression of the Golgi calcium-binding protein CALNUC increased significantly. The phosphoenzyme intermediate formed using membranes from clone G11/5 was calcium dependent, significantly more intense than in COS-7 cells, and not affected by La3+ treatment. Calcium uptake by G11/5 microsomes was ATP dependent and significantly greater than in microsomes from parent COS-7 cells. The overexpression of SPCA significantly increased the growth rate of these cells compared with COS-7 cells containing only the empty vector. These data demonstrate that overexpression of the rat SPCA results in significant changes in the expression of calcium transport and storage proteins in COS-7 cells. C1 ARS, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Reinhardt, TA (reprint author), ARS, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 33 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6143 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-CELL PH JI Am. J. Physiol.-Cell Physiol. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 286 IS 1 BP C164 EP C169 DI 10.1152/ajpcell.00065.2003 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Physiology GA 751BQ UT WOS:000187033300019 PM 12967911 ER PT J AU Wehler, C Weinreb, LF Huntington, N Scott, R Hosmer, D Fletcher, K Goldberg, R Gundersen, C AF Wehler, C Weinreb, LF Huntington, N Scott, R Hosmer, D Fletcher, K Goldberg, R Gundersen, C TI Risk and protective factors for adult and child hunger among low-income housed and homeless female-headed families SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; FOOD INSECURITY; SHELTERED HOMELESS; UNITED-STATES; SEXUAL ABUSE; HEALTH; SAMPLE; IDENTIFICATION; HOUSEHOLDS; MOTHERS AB Objectives. We sought to identify factors associated with adult or child hunger. Methods. Low-income housed and homeless mothers were interviewed about socioeconomic, psychosocial, health, and food sufficiency information. Multinomial logistic regression produced models predicting adult or child hunger. Results. Predictors of adult hunger included mothers' childhood sexual molestation and current parenting difficulties, or "hassles." Risk factors for child hunger included mothers' childhood sexual molestation, housing subsidies, brief local residence, having more or older children, and substandard housing. Conclusions. This study found that the odds of hunger, although affected by resource constraints in low-income female-headed families, were also worsened by mothers' poor physical and mental health. Eliminating hunger thus may require broader interventions than food programs. (Am J Public Health. 2004;94:109-115). C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Cent Arkansas, Honors Coll, Little Rock, AR USA. Natl Ctr Family Homelessness, Newton Ctr, MA USA. RP Weinreb, LF (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. EM weinrebl@ummhc.org FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH 47312, MH 51479]; PHS HHS [MJC 250809] NR 60 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 1 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.1.109 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 762CL UT WOS:000187952700031 PM 14713707 ER PT J AU Purdy, CW Straus, DC Clark, N AF Purdy, CW Straus, DC Clark, N TI Diversity of Salmonella serovars in feedyard and nonfeedyard playas of the Southern High Plains in the summer and winter SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TYPHIMURIUM; INFECTION; CATTLE; PREVALENCE; WILDLIFE; SURVIVAL; FECES; BIRDS AB Objective-To compare Salmonella isolates cultured from feedyard and nonfeedyard (control) playas (ie, temporary shallow lakes) of the Southern High Plains. Sample Population-Water and muck (sediment) samples were obtained from 7 feedyard playas and 3 nonfeedyard playas in the winter and summer. Procedure-Each water and muck sample was enriched with sulfur-brilliant-green broth and incubated in a shaker at 37degreesC for 24 hours. A sample (100 mL) of the incubated bacterial-enriched broth was then mixed with 100 mL of fresh sulfur-brilliant-green enrichment broth and incubated in a shaker at 37degreesC for 24 hours. After the second incubation, a swab sample was streaked on differential media. Suspect Salmonella isolates were further identified by use of biochemical tests, and Salmonella isolates were confirmed and serovar determinations made. Results-Salmonella isolates were not recovered from the 3 control playas. Seven Salmonella enterica serovars were isolated from 5 of 7 feedyard playas in the summer, and 13 S enterica serovars were isolated from 7 of 7 feedyard playas in the winter. In the summer, 296 isolates were cultured, and 47 were Salmonella organisms. In the winter, 288 isolates were cultured, and 171 were Salmonella organisms. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results indicated that feedyard playas are frequently contaminated with many Salmonella serovars. These pathogens should be considered whenever feedyard managers contemplate the use of water from these playas. Water from feedyard playas should not be used to cool cattle in the summer or for dust abatement. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. RP Purdy, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, 2300 Expt Rd, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 65 IS 1 BP 40 EP 44 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2004.65.40 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 756TW UT WOS:000187500100006 PM 14719700 ER PT J AU Purdy, CW Straus, DC Parker, DB Wilson, SC Clark, RN AF Purdy, CW Straus, DC Parker, DB Wilson, SC Clark, RN TI Comparison of the type and number of microorganisms and concentration of endotoxin in the air of feedyards in the Southern High Plains SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DUST EMISSIONS; ORGANIC DUST; CATTLE; WORKERS; LUNG; CONTAMINATION; EXPOSURES; TOXICITY; FEEDLOT; ROADS AB Objectives-To determine the bacterial, fungal, and endotoxin concentrations in aerosolized ambient air during the winter and summer in feedyards located in the Southern High Plains, identify aerosolized microbial pathogens, and determine the size of microbial and dust components. Sample Population-Aerosol samples were obtained from 7 feedyards. Procedure-Aerosol samples were collected upwind, on-site, and downwind from each feedyard at a point 1 m above the ground by use of biological 2- and 6-stage cascade impactors. Results-Significantly more microbes were cultured from on-site and downwind samples than upwind samples. There were significantly more microbes during the summer than during the winter. However, mean endotoxin concentration was significantly higher during the winter (8.37 ng/m(3)) than the summer (2.63 ng/m(3)). Among 7 feedyards, mean +/- SE number of mesophilic bacteria (1,441 195 colony-forming units [CFUs]/m(3)) was significantly higher than mean number of anaerobic bacteria (751 +/- 133 CFUs/m(3)) or thermophilic bacteria (54 +/- 10 CFUs/m(3)) in feedyard air. Feedyard aerosol samples contained more mesophilic fungi (78 +/- 7 CFUs/m(3)) than thermophilic fungi (2 +/- 0.2 CFUs/m(3)). Eighteen genera of bacteria were identified by use of an automated identification system. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-It appeared that gram-negative enteric pathogens offered little risk to remote calves or humans via ambient aerosols and that gram-positive pathogens of the Bacillus, Corynebacterium, and Staphylococcus spp can be spread by aerosols in and around feedyards. It was common to detect concentrations of endotoxin in the ambient air of 7 feedyards. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Div Agr, Dept Agr Engn Environm Syst, Canyon, TX 79106 USA. RP Purdy, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, 2300 Expt Rd, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 65 IS 1 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2004.65.45 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 756TW UT WOS:000187500100007 PM 14719701 ER PT J AU Jacks, TJ AF Jacks, TJ TI Spectrofluorometric determination of hypohalites and peroxyacids using kojic acid SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE hypohalites; peroxyacids; kojic acid; fluorescent ID GREENISH-YELLOW-FLUORESCENCE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; PERACID FORMATION; COTTON LINT; ASPERGILLUS; BROMOPEROXIDASE; AFLATOXINS; ASSAY AB A spectrofluorometric assay for the determination of hypohalites and peroxyacids is described. Hypobromite and hypochlorite served as model hypohalites; peroxyacetic and peroxyproprionic acids were examples of peroxyacids. The method is based on the detection of fluorescence generated by the reaction of hypohalites with kojic acid. Peroxyacids did not react with kojic acid but oxidized bromide to hypobromite. Coupling this reaction to the reaction of hypobromite with kojic acid enabled fluorescent determination of peroxyacids. Peaks of fluorescence excitation and emission wavelengths of the reaction products occurred at 395 and 495 urn, respectively. Hydrogen peroxide had no effect on assay results nor did it react with kojic acid per se unless peroxidase was present. In the latter case, fluorescence excitation and emission spectra were virtually identical to those from the hypohalite reaction, indicating molecular similarities of the component fluorophores. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Jacks, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687,1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM tjacks@srre.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 2004 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1177 EP 1184 DI 10.1081/AL-120034062 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 823XE UT WOS:000221646800012 ER PT J AU Pursel, VG Mitchell, AD Bee, G Elsasser, TH McMurtry, JP Wall, RJ Coleman, ME Schwartz, RJ AF Pursel, VG Mitchell, AD Bee, G Elsasser, TH McMurtry, JP Wall, RJ Coleman, ME Schwartz, RJ TI Growth and tissue accretion rates of swine expressing an insulin-like growth factor 1 transgene SO ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pigs; growth hormone; insulin-like growth factor; growth; feed efficiency ID I IGF-I; HORMONE RECEPTOR; SOMATOMEDIN-C; BODY GROWTH; PIGS; SOMATOTROPIN; RESPONSES; BINDING; MUSCLE; LIVER AB The goal of this research was to determine whether directing expression of an insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) transgene specifically to striated muscle would alter the growth characteristics in swine. Transgenic pigs were produced with a fusion gene composed of avian skeletal a-actin regulatory sequences and a cDNA encoding human IGF-I. Six founder transgenic, pigs were mated to nontransgenic pigs to produce 11 litters of G1 transgenic and sibling control progeny. Birth weight, weaning weight, and proportion of pig survival did not differ between transgenic and control pigs. The ADG of pigs as they grew incrementally from 20 to 60 kg, 60 to 90 kg, and 90 to 120 kg, respectively, did not significantly differ between transgenic and control pigs. Efficiency of feed utilization (gain:feed) was also similar for transgenic and control pigs. Plasma IGF-I and porcine growth hormone (pGH) concentrations were determined at 60, 90, and 120 kg body weight. Plasma IGF-I concentrations were 19% higher in transgenic gilts than control gilts and 11.1% higher in transgenic boars than control boars (P = 0.0005). Plasma IGF-I concentrations for boars were also higher than for gilts (P = 0.0001). At 60, 90, and 120 kg body weight each pig was scanned by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to derive comparative estimates of carcass fat, lean, bone content of the live animal. Control pigs had more fat and less lean tissue than transgenic pigs at each of the scanning periods and the difference became more pronounced as the pigs grew heavier (P < 0.005 at each weight). Transgenic pigs also had a slightly lower percentage of bone than control pigs (P < 0.05 at each weight). While daily rates of lean tissue accretion did not differ for transgenic and control pigs, daily rates of fat accretion were lower in transgenic pigs than in control pigs (P < 0.05). Based on these results we conclude that expression of IGF-I in the skeletal muscles gradually altered body composition as pigs became older but did not have a major affect on growth performance. C1 USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Valentis Inc, The Woodlands, TX USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Pursel, VG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Bldg 200,Room 2,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM vpursel@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Bee, Giuseppe/F-4955-2010; Bee, Giuseppe/N-6348-2013 NR 22 TC 37 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1049-5398 J9 ANIM BIOTECHNOL JI Anim. Biotechnol. PY 2004 VL 15 IS 1 BP 33 EP 45 DI 10.1081/ABIO-120029812 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 832NW UT WOS:000222275200004 PM 15248599 ER PT S AU Oppert, B Morgan, TD Kramer, KJ AF Oppert, B Morgan, TD Kramer, KJ BE Morris, S Vosloo, A TI Inhibitor strategies to control coleopteran pests SO ANIMALS AND ENVIRONMENTS SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference of Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry CY AUG 07-13, 2004 CL KwaZulu Natal, SOUTH AFRICA DE insect proteinase; proteinase inhibitor; coleopteran pests; Tribolium castaneum ID RED FLOUR BEETLE; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; PROTEINASE-INHIBITORS; DIGESTIVE PROTEINASES; CYSTEINE; PURIFICATION; MIXTURES; GROWTH; HERBST AB Enzyme inhibitors from plants are promising candidates for new biocontrol agents but are limited by the inherent compensatory responses to plant inhibitors by insects. We found that inhibitors targeting multiple proteinase classes were necessary to reduce cereal damage by the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. We proposed that the multiple inhibitor approach was required for efficacy because T castaneum larvae were able to compensate when fed individual proteinase inhibitors. To investigate the adaptive response, increasing levels of inhibitors that target cysteine and/or serine proteinases were fed to T. castaneum larvae, and the properties of digestive proteinases were examined in vitro. Under normal dietary conditions, T. castaneum larvae primarily used cysteine proteinases to digest food, with minor contributions from serine proteinases. When larvae were fed cysteine proteinase inhibitors, they responded with a dramatic shift from cysteine to serine proteinase-based digestion. A combination of cysteine and serine proteinase inhibitors in the diet prevented such a shift of dietary enzymes, resulting in a significant reduction in growth and increased mortality. These data suggest that by studying the complex of digestive proteinases in a target pest, combinations of proteinase inhibitors can be identified that overcome the adaptive response to inhibitors, thus providing a more effective control of insect pests by inhibitors. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Oppert, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM bso@ksu.edu NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-51763-4 J9 INT CONGR SER JI Int. Congr. Ser. PY 2004 VL 1275 BP 149 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.ics.2004.09.037 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physiology GA BBX71 UT WOS:000228291600018 ER PT J AU Desaeger, J Csinos, A Timper, P Hammes, G Seebold, K AF Desaeger, J Csinos, A Timper, P Hammes, G Seebold, K TI Soil fumigation and oxamyl drip applications for nematode and insect control in vegetable plasticulture SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soil fumigation; plastic mulch culture; post-plant nematicide; Meloidogyne spp.; vegetables ID MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; METHYL-BROMIDE; TOMATO; ALTERNATIVES; TEMPERATURE; IRRIGATION; FUSARIUM; POTATO; TIME AB A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of oxamyl in combination with the soil fumigants 1,3-D, metam sodium and methyl bromide on nematode damage and fruit yield in vegetables. Experiments were conducted in Tifton, GA, USA over five seasons, between 2000 and 2002, using four different vegetables: squash (Cucurbita pepo), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), pepper (Capsicum annuum) and eggplant (Solanum melongena). In the eggplant experiment, insect populations were monitored. Soil fumigation alone, irrespective of application method or formulation, gave acceptable control of root-knot nematode in all experiments, except in the spring 2001 pepper experiment. Oxamyl by itself did not provide control of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita), but insect populations on eggplant were reduced. Out of three experiments that included oxamyl by itself, root galling caused by Meloidogyne spp. was reduced only on eggplant when nematode pressure was low (five nematodes per 150 cm(3) soil). When oxamyl was applied in combination with pre-plant soil fumigation, small but consistent reductions in root galling were observed. Greatest reductions in galling due to oxamyl were found when fumigation provided less than optimal nematode control. The timing of application of oxamyl did not have much impact on nematode infection, but applications early in the season, preferably starting at planting, appear to be beneficial. Stubby root nematode (Paratrichodorus spp.) populations were low and variable in most experiments, but neither fumigation nor post-plant nematicide applications seemed to have any effect on soil populations at harvest. Crop yields were often significantly greater when oxamyl followed fumigation, as compared to fumigation only, which could be due to a reduction in root-knot nematode damage (and in the case of eggplant also reduced foliar damage by insects), and/or to a carbamate growth stimulant response. These experiments indicate the potential of oxamyl to reduce root-knot nematode infection and increase yields of vegetables when combined with soil fumigation by 1,3-D and/or metam sodium. More research is required to understand the effect of crop type, pest pressure, preceding fumigant (1,3-D or metam sodium) and injection timing of oxamyl. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Cherrylog, GA 30522 USA. RP Desaeger, J (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM jdesaeger@tifton.uga.edu NR 36 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 12 PU ASSOC APPLIED BIOLOGISTS PI WARWICK PA C/O HORTICULTURE RESEARCH INT WELLSBOURNE, WARWICK CV35 9EF, ENGLAND SN 0003-4746 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PY 2004 VL 145 IS 1 BP 59 EP 70 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2004.tb00359.x PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 848LX UT WOS:000223470300007 ER PT J AU Pipolo, AE Sinclair, TR Camara, GMS AF Pipolo, AE Sinclair, TR Camara, GMS TI Effects of temperature on oil and protein concentration in soybean seeds cultured in vitro SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE temperature; oil; protein; in vitro; soybean (glycine max) ID AMINO-ACIDS; FATTY-ACID; GROWTH; INVITRO; MATURATION; COTYLEDONS; SUCROSE; SUGARS AB Much of the economic value of soybean (Glycine max) is based on the amount of protein and oil produced in the seeds. To examine the influence of temperature on seed oil and protein concentration, immature soybean seeds (cv. Williams 82) were grown in vitro at temperatures of 17degreesC, 21degreesC, 25degreesC, 29degreesC and 33degreesC. Dry growth rate (DGR) was calculated to be maximal at 23.7degreesC. Oil and protein concentration and seed growth rate did not show statistical difference (P > 0.05) within the temperature range from 21-29degreesC. Across all temperatures, however, a quadratic regression on oil concentration (R-2 = 0.66) showed a minimum at 24.1degreesC and a quadratic regression on protein concentration (R-2 = 0.59) showed a minimum at 24.3degreesC. Dilution by increased dry matter accumulation in the seed accounted for much of the variation in oil and protein concentration and the two concentrations were equally affected across temperatures. Consequently, oil and protein concentrations were positively related over the tested range of temperature. It was concluded that under these conditions the rate of dry matter accumulation by soybean seeds was critical in influencing seed oil and protein concentrations. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Embrapa Soja, BR-86001970 Londrina, PR, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, ESALQ, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol Lab, POB 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM trsincl@mail.ifas.ufl.edu NR 25 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 13 PU ASSOC APPLIED BIOLOGISTS PI WARWICK PA C/O HORTICULTURE RESEARCH INT WELLSBOURNE, WARWICK CV35 9EF, ENGLAND SN 0003-4746 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PY 2004 VL 144 IS 1 BP 71 EP 76 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2004.tb00318.x PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 773TD UT WOS:000188938100009 ER PT J AU Pipolo, AE Sinclair, TR Camara, GMS AF Pipolo, AE Sinclair, TR Camara, GMS TI Protein and oil concentration of soybean seed cultured in vitro using nutrient solutions of differing glutamine concentration SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glutamine; protein; oil; seed growth; Glycine max ID AMINO-ACIDS; GROWTH; SUCROSE; INVITRO; TEMPERATURE; MATURATION; COTYLEDONS; EMBRYOS; PLANT AB Oil and protein are the most valuable components of soybean seed. Evidence indicates that growth and composition of soybean seed are controlled by supplies of carbon and nitrogen provided by the maternal plant to the seed, but it is difficult experimentally to control and quantify the precise amount of carbon and nitrogen provided to the seed by the whole plant. To examine whether oil and protein concentrations are affected by the supply of nitrogen to the seed, immature soybean seeds (Glycine max cv. Williams 82) were grown in vitro in nutrient solutions containing 20, 40, 60 or 80 mm of glutamine. The seeds were incubated in Erlenmeyer flasks for 8 days at 25degreesC. The rate of dry matter accumulation changed from 7.2 to 8.3 mg seed(-1) day(-1) as the glutamine concentration increased from 20 to 80 mM but the differences were not significant (P > 0.05). Seed protein concentration increased as glutamine concentration increased from 294 mg g(-1) at 20 mm glutamine to as high as 445 mg g(-1) at 80 mm glutamine. Typical in vivo protein concentration of mature soybean seeds is about 400 mg g(-1). Oil and protein concentrations were negatively correlated (r(2) = 0.44), which indicates that oil and protein synthesis are interrelated. Protein synthesis was favoured over oil synthesis when nitrogen became more abundant. The seeds used in this study clearly demonstrated a capacity to respond to nitrogen availability with changes in seed protein concentration. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Embrapa Soja, BR-86001970 Londrina, PR, Brazil. USP, ESALQ, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol Lab, POB 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM trsincl@ifas.ufl.edu NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASSOC APPLIED BIOLOGISTS PI WARWICK PA C/O HORTICULTURE RESEARCH INT WELLSBOURNE, WARWICK CV35 9EF, ENGLAND SN 0003-4746 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PY 2004 VL 144 IS 2 BP 223 EP 227 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2004.tb00337.x PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 814SJ UT WOS:000220994100013 ER PT S AU Birkeland, KW Kronholm, K Schneebeli, M Pielmeier, C AF Birkeland, KW Kronholm, K Schneebeli, M Pielmeier, C BE Fohn, PMB TI Changes in the shear strength and micro-penetration hardness of a buried surface-hoar layer SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 38 2004 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Snow and Avalanches CY JUN 02-06, 2003 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND SP Int Glaciol Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Snow & Avalanches ID SNOW; STABILITY; TEXTURE AB We investigated a buried surface-hoar layer using the SnowMicroPen (SMP), an instrument designed to measure detailed snowpack profiles. We collected data from two adjacent parts of a slope 6 days apart. In addition, one manual snowpack profile was sampled each day, as well as 50 quantified loaded column tests (QLCTs) which provided an index of shear strength. For the SMP data, a 900 m 2 area was sampled on both days in a grid with points 3 m apart, with some sub-areas of more closely spaced measurements. We collected 86 SMP profiles on the first day and 129 on the second day. Our analyses involved manually locating layer boundaries and calculating statistics for the force signal through the surface-hoar layer. The shear strength index increased by 40% between the two sampling days, but the SMP data show no statistical difference in layer thickness, and the mean, minimum, median, and a variety of percentile measures of the SMP force signal through the layer also do not change. Interestingly, the maximum hardness, and the variance and coefficient of variation of the SMP signal, increased. Since the small SMP tip might only break one or a couple of bonds as it passes through the weak layer, we interpret these changes as being indicative of increasing bond strength. Though we cannot specifically tie the increasing maximum hardness of the SMP signal to our QLCT results, our work suggests that the maximum SMP signal within buried surface-hoar layers may be useful for tracking increases in the shear strength of those layers. C1 US Forest Serv, Natl Avalanche Ctr, USDA, Bozeman, MT 59771 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. WSL Swiss Fed Inst Snow & Avalanche Res SLF, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. RP Birkeland, KW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Natl Avalanche Ctr, USDA, POB 130, Bozeman, MT 59771 USA. EM kbirkeland@fs.fed.us RI Schneebeli, Martin/B-1063-2008 OI Schneebeli, Martin/0000-0003-2872-4409 NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-33-4 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2004 VL 38 BP 223 EP 228 DI 10.3189/172756404781815167 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BBZ93 UT WOS:000228438200035 ER PT J AU Cabrera, N Walsh, GC AF Cabrera, N Walsh, GC TI Platybrotica misionensis a new genus and species of Luperini (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae : Galerucinae) from Argentina SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Platybrotica misionensis; Chrysomelidae; Galerucinae; Diabroticites; systematics ID BEETLES AB A new genus and species of Galerucinae, Platybrotica misionensis, is described from northeast Argentina (Misiones Province). This monotypic genus is characterized by the antennomeres 6-10 ventrally excavated, genal space equal to one-fourth to less than one-half of maximum ocular diameter, elytra with 2 posthumeral costae, and internal sac of aedeagus with 5 sclerites, and is assigned to the Diabroticites, a section of the subtribe Diabroticina, tribe Luperini. Adults have been found associated with wild and cultivated Cucurbitaceae. C1 Museo La Plata, Dept Cientifico Entomol, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. United States Dept Agr, Res Serv, S Amer Biocontrol Lab, Washington, DC 20521 USA. RP Cabrera, N (reprint author), Museo La Plata, Dept Cientifico Entomol, Paseo Bosque S-N, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. EM ncabrera@museo.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar; gcabrera@mail.retina.ar NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 1 BP 6 EP 14 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[0006:PMANGA]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 774TU UT WOS:000189001600002 ER PT J AU Solis, MA Yen, SH Goolsby, JH AF Solis, MA Yen, SH Goolsby, JH TI Species of Lygomusotima new genus and Neomusotima yoshiyasu (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) from Australia and southeastern Asia feeding on Lygodium microphyllum (Schizaeaceae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Pyraloidea; Lygodium microphyllum; southeast Asia; Australia; pteridophagy ID TYMPANIC ORGANS; PYRALOIDEA; GLOSSATA AB Lygomusotima Solis & Yen, new genus, and two new species, stria and constricta, are described from Australia and southeastern Asia. L. stria was discovered feeding on Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br. (Scbizaeaceae) during exploration for biological control agents. Its immatures and biology are described. The new genus is compared with Neomusotima conspurcatalis (Warren), new combination, another species that was discovered feeding on L. microphyllum. N. conspurcatalis is redescribed, and its immatures and biology are described for the first time. Musotima fuscalis Snellen is designated as a new synonym of N. conspurcatalis. C1 USDA, Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Imperial Coll Silwood, Dept Biol Sci, Ascot SL5 7YP, Berks, England. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, London SW7 5BD, England. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Australian Biol Control Lab, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. RP Solis, MA (reprint author), USDA, Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, E-517,MRC 168,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM asolis@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 1 BP 64 EP 76 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[0064:SOLNGA]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 774TU UT WOS:000189001600006 ER PT J AU Weeks, RD Wilson, LT Vinson, SB James, WD AF Weeks, RD Wilson, LT Vinson, SB James, WD TI Flow of carbohydrates, lipids, and protein among colonies of polygyne red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE rare earth elements; food flow; polygyne fire ants; foraging behavior ID FOOD EXCHANGE; RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS; NESTMATE RECOGNITION; LABORATORY COLONIES; ARGENTINE ANTS; COMPETITION; MONOGYNE; BIOLOGY; BUREN AB This research quantified food collection of three nutritionally important foods (carbohydrates, protein, and lipids) by several neighboring polygyne red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, colonies. Six rare earth elements (samarium, rubidium, ytterbium, europium, neodymium, and lanthanum) were mixed with protein (tuna packed in water), carbohydrate (60% solution of glucose, sucrose, fructose, and water), and lipid baits (peanut oil) to track food collection by colonies. Food collection among six neighboring colonies was quantified in each of 14 plots for a total of 84 colonies. A uniquely labeled food type (1.5 g) was placed within 20 cm of each colony. Two replicates of each food type were used in each plot. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) was used to quantify the type and amount (mug) of rare earth elements found in samples of both workers and larvae from colonies 12 h after foraging on baits. Multiple regression results showed that distance to food sources was the most significant independent variable in determining the distribution of food re, sources among colonies. Food type interacted significantly with life stage (worker or larvae) and the distance colonies harvested food baits. Significantly more protein was detected in larvae compared with lipids and carbohydrates and at farther distances from baits. In contrast, workers collected significantly more carbohydrates from farther distances than lipids and protein. Results indicate that patterns of food flow among neighboring polygyne red imported fire ant colonies are largely deter mined by the distance between colonies, food resources, and the type of food being collected. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Weeks, RD (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, 3505 25th Ave, Gulfport, MS 39501 USA. EM Ron.D.Weeks@APHIS.USDA.GOV RI Wilson, Lloyd/E-9971-2011 NR 33 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 1 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[0105:FOCLAP]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 774TU UT WOS:000189001600009 ER PT J AU Villa, JD AF Villa, JD TI Swarming behavior of honey bees (Hymenoptera : Apidae) in southeastern Louisiana SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; swarming; colony founding; cavity selection ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; NEST; SELECTION; COLONIES; MEXICO; TEXAS; DATE AB Reproductive swarming phenology, swarm sizes, and cavity selection were studied in, ? a European-derived population of Apis mellifera L. in southeastern Louisiana before and immediately after the initial detection in 1992 of Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman (Acari: Varroidae). Frequency of swarms was highest between early April and early May in each of 6 yr. Swarm weight averaged 1.42 kg (range 0.17-4.30 kg) and did not change significantly the year after detection of V. destructor. Swarms spent an average of approximate to20 daylight hours scouting for a new nest-site from a temporary location and moved more frequently to cavities of 30-liter than to those of 13-liter volume. Swarms were random in direction of movement. Dance tempos at the time of swarm departure indicated movement to cavities at distances from 200 m to approximate to10 km. The genetic composition of this honey bee population is likely to change after natural and artificial selection for resistance to new parasites, such as V. destructor and Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), and as Africanized bees expand their range. Swarming characteristics are also likely to change both from direct effects of parasites on colony reproduction, and by changes toward bee populations with differing life histories. C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Villa, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 1 BP 111 EP 116 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[0111:SBOHBH]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 774TU UT WOS:000189001600010 ER PT J AU Collins, AM AF Collins, AM TI Variation in time of egg hatch by the honey bee, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera : Apidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE embryo; eggshell; batch; genetic variation; honey bee ID EMBRYOS; WORKER AB More detailed information on the age at which a honey bee, Apis mellifera L., egg hatches and the natural variation of this trait was needed to guide development of cryopreservation technology for honey bee embryos. Therefore, honey bee queens were caged on a clean, empty comb for 4 h to obtain groups of eggs of known age. These eggs were collected from the comb using a special forceps and placed on beeswax-coated petri dishes. Individual eggs were observed from 65 h after oviposition until they hatched (48.6% hatched). A tracheal network became visible approximate to2 h before hatching. Then, slow flexing of upright embryos and abdominal peristalsis were seen. Release of a fluid along the dorsal midline of the embryo was observed rarely in normal hatching. In contrast, fluid was frequently observed seeping from bulges on embryos that hatched poorly (30.6%). In a normal sequence, the eggshell was gradually digested away, and complete hatch accomplished. The age at which this occurred was significantly different between eggs from different queens, ranging from 66 to 93 h. Hatching age may be a useful marker for selection of faster development time overall, a possible mode of resistance to the varroa mite. Respiration was visible in the larvae for 1-9 h after hatch. In vitro rearing procedures for embryos preserved by cryopreservation will be designed around the parameters estimated in this study. C1 USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Collins, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 476 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM collinsa@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 1 BP 140 EP 146 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[0140:VITOEH]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 774TU UT WOS:000189001600013 ER PT J AU Kemp, WP Bosch, J Dennis, B AF Kemp, WP Bosch, J Dennis, B TI Oxygen consumption during the life cycles of the prepupa-wintering bee Megachile rotundata and the adult-wintering bee Osmia lignaria (Hymenoptera : Megachilidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE diapause; overwintering; crop pollination; respirometry; Akaike Information Criterion ID PROPINQUA CRESSON; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; NESTING-BEHAVIOR; POLLINATOR; EMERGENCE; TEMPERATURE; DIAPAUSE; ALMOND; METABOLISM; MANAGEMENT AB We studied the oxygen consumption of two megachilid bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), Megachile rotundata (F.) and Osmia lignaria Say, at selected, biologically relevant intervals throughout their respective life cycles. The U-shaped oxygen consumption curve and the static weights of wintering (nonfeeding) prepupae that we observed during the life cycle of M. rotundata support previous arguments for a winter diapause similar to that observed in other Hymenoptera. For O. lignaria, which overwinters as an adult, we found stepwise increases in oxygen consumption and continuous weight loss throughout the wintering period. However, our observations on adult O. lignaria wintering requirements are consistent with the previously published results for overwintering M. rotundata prepupae and reveal sharply increasing survival rates when wintered for a minimum of 3 mo. We interpret the greatly reduced survival in both M. rotundata and O. lignaria, as an indication that a critical biological process, diapause, is disrupted among individuals wintered for <3 mo. In the continued development of these two species as commercial scale pollinators on an ever-increasing list of target crops, any similarities or contrasts observed between the "summer bee," M. rotundata, and the "spring bee," O. lignaria, although of interest from a biological perspective, will probably have important implications in the continued development of sustainable population management protocols. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Kemp, WP (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. OI Bosch , Jordi/0000-0002-8088-9457 NR 50 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 13 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 1 BP 161 EP 170 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[0161:OCDTLC]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 774TU UT WOS:000189001600016 ER PT J AU Hake, S Smith, HMS Holtan, H Magnani, E Mele, G Ramirez, J AF Hake, S Smith, HMS Holtan, H Magnani, E Mele, G Ramirez, J TI The role of knox genes in plant development SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE homeobox; meristem; maize; Arabidopsis; leaf ID MAIZE HOMEOBOX GENE; SHOOT APICAL MERISTEM; GIBBERELLIN BIOSYNTHETIC GENE; ALTERS LEAF MORPHOLOGY; OF-FUNCTION MUTATIONS; CUP-SHAPED-COTYLEDON; ZINC-FINGER PROTEIN; HOMEODOMAIN PROTEIN; ECTOPIC EXPRESSION; COMPOUND LEAF AB knox genes encode homeodomain-containing transcription factors that are required for meristem maintenance and proper patterning of organ initiation. In plants with simple leaves, knox genes are expressed exclusively in the meristem and stem, but in dissected leaves, they are also expressed in leaf primordia, suggesting that they may play a role in the diversity of leaf form. This hypothesis is supported by the intriguing phenotypes found in gain-of-function mutations where knox gene misexpression affects leaf and petal shape. Similar phenotypes are also found in recessive mutations of genes that function to negatively regulate knox genes. KNOX proteins function as heterodimers with other homeodomains in the TALE superclass. The gibberellin and lignin biosynthetic pathways are known to be negatively regulated by KNOX proteins, which results in indeterminate cell fates. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hake, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM maizesh@nature.berkeley.edu RI Smith, Harley/J-2649-2013 NR 132 TC 201 Z9 216 U1 6 U2 50 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1081-0706 J9 ANNU REV CELL DEV BI JI Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. PY 2004 VL 20 BP 125 EP 151 DI 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.20.031803.093824 PG 27 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 873YQ UT WOS:000225318200006 PM 15473837 ER PT J AU Davic, RD Welsh, HH AF Davic, RD Welsh, HH TI On the ecological roles of salamanders SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS LA English DT Review DE amphibians; forested ecosystems; detritus-litter; succession; keystone species ID BROOK EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DESIGN; BLUE-RIDGE MOUNTAINS; PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS; LIFE-HISTORY; NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; AMBYSTOMA-TIGRINUM; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; NOTOPHTHALMUS-VIRIDESCENS AB Salamanders are cryptic and, though largely unrecognized as such, extremely abundant vertebrates in a variety of primarily forest and grassland environments, where they regulate food webs and contribute to ecosystem resilience-resistance ( = stability) in several ways: (a) As mid-level vertebrate predators, they provide direct and indirect biotic control of species diversity and ecosystem processes along grazer and detritus pathways; (b) via their migrations, they connect energy and matter between aquatic and terrestrial landscapes; (c) through association with underground burrow systems, they contribute to soil dynamics; and (d) they supply high-quality and slowly available stores of energy and nutrients for tertiary consumers throughout ecological succession. Salamanders also can provide an important service to humans through their use as cost-effective and readily quantifiable metrics of ecosystem health and integrity. The diverse ecological roles of salamanders in natural areas underscore the importance of their conservation. C1 Ohio Environm Protect Agcy, NE Dist Off, Twinsburg, OH 44087 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Davic, RD (reprint author), Ohio Environm Protect Agcy, NE Dist Off, Twinsburg, OH 44087 USA. EM robert.davic@epa.state.oh.us; hwelsh@fs.fed.us NR 172 TC 198 Z9 209 U1 14 U2 102 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-592X J9 ANNU REV ECOL EVOL S JI Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. PY 2004 VL 35 BP 405 EP 434 DI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.35.112202.130116 PG 32 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 886QT UT WOS:000226244100015 ER PT J AU Liebhold, A Koenig, WD Bjornstad, ON AF Liebhold, A Koenig, WD Bjornstad, ON TI Spatial synchrony in population dynamics SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS LA English DT Review DE dispersal; Moran effect; stochastic dynamics; spatial dynamics; autocorrelation ID SPRUCE BUDWORM OUTBREAKS; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; PATTERN-FORMATION; TRAVELING-WAVES; LARGE-SCALE; PHASE SYNCHRONIZATION; GEOGRAPHICAL SYNCHRONY; EPIRRITA-AUTUMNATA; INSECT POPULATIONS AB Spatial synchrony refers to coincident changes in the abundance or other time-varying characteristics of geographically disjunct populations. This phenomenon has been documented in the dynamics of species representing a variety of taxa and ecological roles. Synchrony may arise from three primary mechanisms: (a) dispersal among populations, reducing the size of relatively large populations and increasing relatively small ones; (b) congruent dependence of population dynamics on a synchronous exogenous random factor such as temperature or rainfall, a phenomenon known as the "Moran effect"; and (c) trophic interactions with populations of other species that are themselves spatially synchronous or mobile. Identification of the causes of synchrony is often difficult. In addition to intraspecific synchrony, there are many examples of synchrony among populations of different species, the causes of which are similarly complex and difficult to identify. Furthermore, some populations may exhibit complex spatial dynamics such as spiral waves and chaos. Statistical tests based on phase coherence and/or time-lagged spatial correlation are required to characterize these more complex patterns of spatial dynamics fully. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Hastings Reservat, Carmel Valley, CA 93924 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Liebhold, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM aliebhold@fs.fed.us; wicker@berkeley.edu; onb1@psu.edu RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; Koenig, Walter/A-5509-2009; Bjornstad, Ottar/I-4518-2012; OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; Koenig, Walter/0000-0001-6207-1427 NR 156 TC 352 Z9 365 U1 15 U2 147 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-592X J9 ANNU REV ECOL EVOL S JI Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. PY 2004 VL 35 BP 467 EP 490 DI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132516 PG 24 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 886QT UT WOS:000226244100017 ER PT J AU Brewer, MJ Elliott, NC AF Brewer, MJ Elliott, NC TI Biological control of cereal aphids in North America and mediating effects of host plant and habitat manipulations SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE classical biological control; conservation biological control; tritrophic interactions; plant diversity; landscape diversity ID RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; DIURAPHIS-NOXIA HOMOPTERA; LYSIPHLEBUS-TESTACEIPES HYMENOPTERA; DRYLAND CROPPING SYSTEMS; GROUND BEETLE COLEOPTERA; RHOPALOSIPHUM-PADI L; WINTER-WHEAT; NATURAL ENEMIES; PARASITOIDS HYMENOPTERA; GRAIN-SORGHUM AB The predator and parasitoid fauna associated with cereal aphids is described, emphasizing the fauna associated with classical biological control efforts against the greenbug and Russian wheat aphid. We focus on literature from North America and include work from Europe and elsewhere when it is desirable to draw contrasts between approaches that affect cereal aphid biological control. Effects on natural enemies of cereal aphids are described that appear associated with plant traits that are innate, bred, or induced by aphid feeding. Examples of habitat manipulations, within and bordering cereal fields and within the broader landscape in which cereal production resides, affecting predators and parasitoids of cereal aphids are presented. These mediating effects of host plant and habitat manipulations on cereal aphid biological control provide significant and underexplored avenues to optimize cereal aphid management. C1 Michigan State Univ, Integrated Pest Management Program, CIPS Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Michigan State Univ, Integrated Pest Management Program, CIPS Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM brewerm@msu.edu; nelliott@pswcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 150 TC 76 Z9 83 U1 8 U2 43 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4170 EI 1545-4487 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 2004 VL 49 BP 219 EP 242 DI 10.1146/annurev.ento.49.061802.123149 PG 24 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 772DX UT WOS:000188826400011 PM 14651463 ER PT J AU Beckage, NE Gelman, DB AF Beckage, NE Gelman, DB TI Wasp parasitoid disruption of host development: Implications for new biologically based strategies for insect control SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE host-parasite interaction; polydnavirus; venom; teratocyte; developmental arrest; endocrinology ID CHELONUS-INANITUS BRACONIDAE; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LARVAE; JUVENILE-HORMONE ESTERASE; MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES TERATOCYTES; SPODOPTERA-LITTORALIS NOCTUIDAE; GROWTH-BLOCKING PEPTIDE; PLASMATOCYTE-SPREADING PEPTIDE; NIGRICEPS VIERECK HYMENOPTERA; BIOSTERES-LONGICAUDATUS HYMENOPTERA; EUPLECTRUS-PLATHYPENAE HYMENOPTERA AB Wasp parasitoids use a variety of methods to commandeer their insect hosts in order to create an environment that will support and promote their own development, usually to the detriment of the host insect. Parasitized insects typically undergo developmental arrest and die sometime after the parasitoid has become independent of its host. Parasitoids can deactivate their host's immune system and effect changes in host hormone titers and behavior. Often, host tissues or organs become refractory to stimulation by tropic hormones. Here we present an overview of the manipulative capabilities of wasp-injected calyx fluid containing polydnaviruses and venom, as well as the parasitoid larva and the teratocytes that originate from the serosal membrane that surrounds the developing embryo of the parasitoid. Possibilities for using regulatory molecules produced by the parasitoid or its products that would be potentially useful in developing new, environmentally safe insect control agents are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Cell Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Neurosci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA, ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Beckage, NE (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM nancy.beckage@ucr.edu; gelmand@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 180 TC 216 Z9 242 U1 9 U2 100 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4170 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 2004 VL 49 BP 299 EP 330 DI 10.1146/annurev.ento.49.061802.123324 PG 32 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 772DX UT WOS:000188826400014 PM 14651466 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM Corella, D AF Ordovas, JM Corella, D TI Nutritional genomics SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENOMICS AND HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Review DE nutrigenomics; gene-diet interaction; nutrigenetics ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-IV; HEPATIC LIPASE GENE; LDL-RECEPTOR GENE; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE POLYMORPHISM; HETEROZYGOUS FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; PHENYLALANINE-HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; DIETARY-FAT CLEARANCE; PLASMA-LIPID RESPONSE AB Nutritional genomics has tremendous potential to change the future of dietary guidelines and personal recommendations. Nutrigenetics will provide the basis for personalized dietary recommendations based on the individual's genetic make up. This approach has been used for decades for certain monogenic diseases; however, the challenge is to implement a similar concept for common multifactorial disorders and to develop tools to detect genetic predisposition and to prevent common disorders decades before their manifestation. The preliminary results involving gene-diet interactions for cardiovascular diseases and cancer are promising, but mostly inconclusive. Success in this area will require the integration of different disciplines and investigators working on large population studies designed to adequately investigate gene-environment interactions. Despite the current difficulties, preliminary evidence strongly suggests that the concept should work and that we will be able to harness the information contained in our genomes to achieve successful aging using behavioral changes; nutrition will be the cornerstone of this endeavor. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Valencia, Sch Med, Genet & Mol Epidemiol Unit, Valencia, Spain. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 206 TC 132 Z9 139 U1 3 U2 17 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1527-8204 EI 1545-293X J9 ANNU REV GENOM HUM G JI Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. PY 2004 VL 5 BP 71 EP 118 DI 10.1146/annurev.genom.5.061903.180008 PG 48 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 861KO UT WOS:000224415600005 PM 15485344 ER PT J AU Mazzola, M AF Mazzola, M TI Assessment and management of soil microbial community structure for disease suppression SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE microbial ecology; suppressive soils; microbial community analysis; plant-microbe interactions; 2,4-DAPG-producing fluorescent pseudomonads ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; APPLE REPLANT DISEASE; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION PATTERNS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FATTY-ACID PROFILES; CARBON-SOURCE UTILIZATION; DOT-BLOT HYBRIDIZATION; BORNE PLANT-PATHOGENS; PYTHIUM ROOT-ROT AB Identification of the biological properties contributing to the function of suppressive soils is a necessary first step to the management of such systems for use in the control of soilborne diseases. The development and application of molecular methods for the characterization and monitoring of soil microbial properties will enable a more rapid and detailed assessment of the biological nature of soil suppressiveness. Although suppressive soils have provided a wealth of microbial resources that have subsequently been applied for the biological control of soilborne plant pathogens, the full functional capabilities of the phenomena have not been realized in production agricultural ecosystems. Cultural practices, such as the application of soil amendments, have the capacity to enhance disease suppression, though the biological modes of action may vary from that initially resident to the soil. Plants have a distinct impact on characteristics and activity of resident soil microbial communities, and therefore play an important role in determining the development of the disease-suppressive state. Likewise, plant genotype will modulate these same biological communities, and should be considered when developing strategies to exploit the potential of such a natural disease control system. Implementation of consistently effective practices to manage this resource in an economically and environmentally feasible manner will require more detailed investigation of these biologically complex systems and refinement of currently available methodologies. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Mazzola, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM mazzola@tfrl.ars.usda.gov NR 135 TC 128 Z9 145 U1 11 U2 71 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2004 VL 42 BP 35 EP 59 DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.42.040803.140408 PG 25 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 859PH UT WOS:000224279900003 PM 15283659 ER PT J AU Bai, GH Shaner, G AF Bai, GH Shaner, G TI Management and resistance in wheat and barley to Fusarium head blight SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE deoxynivalenol (DON); FHB; head scab; partial resistance; quantitative resistance ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; SPRING WHEAT; SCAB RESISTANCE; WINTER-WHEAT; MOLECULAR MARKERS; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; DEOXYNIVALENOL ACCUMULATION; KERNEL DISCOLORATION; CULTIVAR FRONTANA AB Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of wheat and barley worldwide. Resistant cultivars could reduce damage from FHB. Chinese wheat cultivar Sumai 3 and its derivatives represent the greatest degree of resistance to FHB known. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 3BS and other minor QTL for FHB resistance have been identified in these cultivars and used in wheat-breeding programs worldwide. Many breeding lines with the 3BS resistance QTL and improved agronomic traits have been developed. In barley, only limited sources of FHB resistance are available, especially in six-rowed barley, and none of them contains a DON level low enough to meet the safety requirement of the brewing industry. Several QTL have been identified for lower FHB severity, DON content, and kernel discoloration and used to enhance FHB resistance in barley. Marker-assisted selection for FHB resistance QTL on 3BS of wheat and on 2H of barley is in progress. C1 Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM gbai@agron.ksu.edu; shanerg@purdue.edu NR 112 TC 292 Z9 352 U1 7 U2 94 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2004 VL 42 BP 135 EP 161 DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.42.040803.140340 PG 27 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 859PH UT WOS:000224279900007 PM 15283663 ER PT J AU Kochian, LV Hoekenga, OA Pineros, MA AF Kochian, LV Hoekenga, OA Pineros, MA TI How do crop plants tolerate acid soils? - Mechanisms of aluminum tolerance and phosphorous efficiency SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE manganese tolerance; organic acid exudation; anion channel ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; MITOCHONDRIAL CITRATE SYNTHASE; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL SYMBIOSIS; FAGOPYRUM-ESCULENTUM MOENCH; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA L.; CHINESE SPRING WHEAT; SECALE-CEREALE L.; MAIZE ROOT APEX; ORGANIC-ACIDS AB Acid soils significantly limit crop production worldwide because approximately 50% of the world's potentially arable soils are acidic. Because acid soils are such an important constraint to agriculture, understanding the mechanisms and genes conferring tolerance to acid soil stress has been a focus of intense research interest over the past decade. The primary limitations on acid soils are toxic levels of aluminum (Al) and manganese (Mn), as well as suboptimal levels of phosphorous (P). This review examines our current understanding of the physiological, genetic, and molecular basis for crop Al tolerance, as well as reviews the emerging area of P efficiency, which involves the genetically based ability of some crop genotypes to tolerate P deficiency stress on acid soils. These are interesting times for this field because researchers are on the verge of identifying some of the genes that confer Al tolerance in crop plants; these discoveries will open up new avenues of molecular/physiological inquiry that should greatly advance our understanding of these tolerance mechanisms. Additionally, these breakthroughs will provide new molecular resources for improving crop Al tolerance via both molecular-assisted breeding and biotechnology. C1 Cornell Univ, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kochian, LV (reprint author), Cornell Univ, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM 1LVK1@cornell.edu; 20AH1@cornell.edu; 3MAP25@cornell.edu OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X; Pineros, Miguel/0000-0002-7166-1848 NR 177 TC 619 Z9 739 U1 28 U2 203 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1040-2519 J9 ANNU REV PLANT BIOL JI Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. PY 2004 VL 55 BP 459 EP 493 DI 10.1146/annurev.arplant.55.031903.141655 PG 39 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 839EK UT WOS:000222766000018 PM 15377228 ER PT J AU Long, SP Ainsworth, EA Rogers, A Ort, DR AF Long, SP Ainsworth, EA Rogers, A Ort, DR TI Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide: Plants face the future SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE global change; atmospheric change; photosynthesis; stomata; leaf area; Rubisco; meta-analysis; free-air carbon dioxide enrichment ID AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; SOIL-NITROGEN REGIMES; SOURCE-SINK RELATIONS; FIELD-GROWN COTTON; PHOTOSYNTHETIC DOWN-REGULATION; TEMPERATURE RESPONSE FUNCTIONS; TREES LIQUIDAMBAR-STYRACIFLUA; POTATO SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; AFFECT LEAF RESPIRATION; STOMATAL GUARD-CELLS AB Atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) is now higher than it was at any time in the past 26 million years and is expected to nearly double during this century. Terrestrial plants with the C-3 photosynthetic pathway respond in the short term to increased [CO2] via increased net photosynthesis and decreased transpiration. In the longer term this increase is often offset by downregulation of photosynthetic capacity. But much of what is currently known about plant responses to elevated [CO2] comes from enclosure studies, where the responses of plants may be modified by size constraints and the limited life-cycle stages that are examined. Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) was developed as a means to grow plants in the field at controlled elevation of CO2 under fully open-air field conditions. The findings of FACE experiments are quantitatively summarized via meta-analytic statistics and compared to findings from chamber studies. Although trends agree with parallel summaries of enclosure studies, important quantitative differences emerge that have important implications both for predicting the future terrestrial biosphere and understanding how crops may need to be adapted to the changed and changing atmosphere. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Phytosphere Res, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Long, SP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM stevel@life.uiuc.edu; e.ainsworth@fz-juelich.de; arogers@bnl.gov; d-ort@uiuc.edu RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008; Rogers, Alistair/E-1177-2011 OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164; Rogers, Alistair/0000-0001-9262-7430 NR 218 TC 790 Z9 849 U1 60 U2 525 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-5008 EI 1545-2123 J9 ANNU REV PLANT BIOL JI Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. PY 2004 VL 55 BP 591 EP 628 DI 10.1146/annurev.arplant.55.031903.141610 PG 42 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 839EK UT WOS:000222766000023 PM 15377233 ER PT J AU Steiman, R Ford, L Ducros, V Lafond, JL Guiraud, P AF Steiman, R Ford, L Ducros, V Lafond, JL Guiraud, P TI First survey of fungi in hypersaline soil and water of Mono Lake area (California) SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alkalinity; Mono Lake area; salinity; soil fungi ID DEAD-SEA; SALT MARSHES; MYCOFLORA; MICROFUNGI; COMMUNITIES; ASPERGILLUS; PENICILLIUM; ESTUARINE; ARCHAEA; ISRAEL AB Mono Lake is a closed lake located in central California, east of the Sierra Nevada mountains. It contains dissolved carbonates, sulfates and chlorides at high concentrations. Due to its high salinity, Mono Lake was sometimes compared to the Dead Sea. However, it appears that Mono Lake water and vicinity abound with life. In this work, the fungal. ora living in this extreme ecosystem was studied for the first time. Soil, tufa, water and sediment samples were also analyzed for their mineral and salt composition. Results showed that water was particularly rich in sodium, potassium, phosphorus and boron. Soil and sediments contained very high levels of calcium and magnesium, but also barium, boron and strontium. Sodium, phosphorus and iron levels varied in a large extent from one to another sample. Neutral to very alkaline pH were recorded. Water samples were found sterile in the conditions chosen for fungi isolation, while sediment, soil and tufa samples led to the isolation of a total of 67 fungal species ( from 23 samples), belonging to various taxonomic groups. From our results no clear effects of the chemical parameters of the samples were observed on fungal life apart from the pH. The methods chosen did not allow the isolation of extremely halotolerant species. We isolated in this work a series of ubiquitous species, suggesting that a selection of resistant and/or adaptable strains of some common species could have occurred. Depending on the medium and the temperature of isolation, it can be hypothesized that some species were present as dormant structures, while some others, isolated at pH 8 on a medium enriched in Na and Ca, could be in a growing form adapted to alkaline and saline conditions. This work contributes to a better knowledge of the mycobiota present in the Mono Lake's ecosystem. C1 Univ Grenoble 1, UFR Med & Pharm Grenoble, Lab ORSOX UMR UJF CEA LRC CEA 8M, F-38706 La Tronche, France. US Forest Serv, USDA, Lee Vining, CA 93541 USA. Univ Grenoble 1, UFR Pharm Grenoble, Lab NVMC EA UJF, F-38706 La Tronche, France. RP Guiraud, P (reprint author), Univ Grenoble 1, UFR Med & Pharm Grenoble, Lab ORSOX UMR UJF CEA LRC CEA 8M, F-38706 La Tronche, France. EM Pascale.Guiraud@ujf-grenoble.fr NR 71 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD JAN PY 2004 VL 85 IS 1 BP 69 EP 83 DI 10.1023/B:ANTO.0000020150.91058.4d PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 804LH UT WOS:000220299700009 PM 15028878 ER PT J AU Pettis, JS AF Pettis, JS TI A scientific note on Varroa destructor resistance to coumaphos in the United States SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Varroa destructor; resistance; acaricide; coumaphos; USA ID FLUVALINATE RESISTANCE; JACOBSONI C1 USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pettis, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Bldg 476 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 6 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 9 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 35 IS 1 BP 91 EP 92 DI 10.1051/apido:2003060 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 760GK UT WOS:000187803100012 ER PT S AU Rosenfeld, S Wang, T Kim, Y Milner, J AF Rosenfeld, S Wang, T Kim, Y Milner, J BE Umar, A Kapetanovic, I Khan, J TI Numerical deconvolution of cDNA microarray signal - Simulation study SO APPLICATIONS OF BIOINFORMATICS IN CANCER DETECTION SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applications of Bioinformatics in Cancer Detection Workshop CY AUG 06-07, 2002 CL Bethesda, MD SP NCI, Div Canc Prevent DE microarray data analysis; numerical simulation; polymerase chain reaction (PCR); replicated experiment ID GENE-EXPRESSION; PCR; PATTERNS; DISPLAY; SINGLE; GENOME AB A computational model for simulation of the cDNA microarray experiments has been created. The simulation allows one to foresee the statistical properties of replicated experiments without actually performing them. We introduce a new concept, the so-called bio-weight, which allows for reconciliation between conflicting meanings of biological and statistical significance in microarray experiments. It is shown that, for a small sample size, the bio-weight is a more powerful criterion of the presence of a signal in microarray data as compared to the standard approach based on t test. Joint simulation of microarray and quantitative PCR data shows that the genes recovered by using the bio-weight have better chances to be confirmed by PCR than those obtained by the t test technique. We also employ extreme value considerations to derive plausible cutoff levels for hypothesis testing. C1 NCI, Biometry Res Grp, Div Canc Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv,NIH, Rockville, MD 20892 USA. USDA, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NCI, Div Canc Prevent, Nutr Sci Res Grp, Dept Hlth & Human Serv,NIH, Rockville, MD 20892 USA. RP Rosenfeld, S (reprint author), NCI, Biometry Res Grp, Div Canc Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv,NIH, EPN 3136,6130 Execut Blvd, Rockville, MD 20892 USA. EM sr212a@nih.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-511-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2004 VL 1020 BP 110 EP 123 DI 10.1196/annals.1310.012 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Oncology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Oncology; Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BAH03 UT WOS:000222177400011 PM 15208188 ER PT J AU Cohen, R Suzuki, MR Hammel, KE AF Cohen, R Suzuki, MR Hammel, KE TI Differential stress-induced regulation of two quinone reductases in the brown rot basidiomycete Gloeophyllum trabeum SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DETOXIFY CARCINOGENS; WOOD DECAY; EXPRESSION; FUNGI; BIODEGRADATION; OXIDOREDUCTASE; CELLULOSE; PROMOTER; PATHWAYS; ENZYMES AB Quinone reductases (QRDs) have two important functions in the basidiomycete Gloeophyllum trabeum, which causes brown rot of wood. First, a QRD is required to generate biodegradative hydroxyl radicals via redox cycling between two G. trabeum extracellular metabolites, 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone (2,5-DMHQ) and 2,5-imethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (2,5-DMBQ). Second, because 2,5-DMBQ is cytotoxic and 2,5-DMHQ is not, a QRD is needed to maintain the intracellular pool of these metabolites in the reduced form. Given their importance in G. trabeum metabolism, QRDs could prove useful targets for new wood preservatives. We have identified two G. trabeum genes, each existing in two closely related, perhaps allelic variants, that encode QRDs in the flavodoxin family. Past work with QRD1 and heterologous expression of QRD2 in this study confirmed that both genes encode NADH-dependent, flavin-containing QRDs. Real-time reverse transcription PCR analyses of liquid- and wood-grown cultures showed that qrd1 expression was maximal during secondary metabolism, coincided with the production of 2,5-DMBQ, and was moderately up-regulated by chemical stressors such as quinones. By contrast, qrd2 expression was maximal during fungal growth when 2,5-DMBQ levels were low, yet was markedly up-regulated by chemical stress or heat shock. The total QRD activity in lysates of G. trabeum mycelium was significantly enhanced by induction beforehand with a cytotoxic quinone. The promoter of qrd2 contains likely antioxidant, xenobiotic, and heat shock elements, absent in qrd1, that probably explain the greater response of qrd2 transcription to stress. We conclude from these results that QRD1 is the enzyme G. trabeum routinely uses to detoxify quinones during incipient wood decay and that it could also drive the biodegradative quinone redox cycle. However, QRD2 assumes a more important role when the mycelium is stressed. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hammel, KE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM kehammel@wisc.edu RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011 OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847 NR 32 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 70 IS 1 BP 324 EP 331 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.1.324-331.2004 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 763RY UT WOS:000188115300041 PM 14711659 ER PT J AU Mishra, AK Moss, CB Erickson, K AF Mishra, AK Moss, CB Erickson, K TI Valuing farmland with multiple quasi-fixed inputs SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID PRICES AB This study examines the impact of multiple quasi-fixed assets on the imputed returns to farmland. The results indicate that the presence of additional quasi-fixed assets causes the true shadow value of farmland to deviate from its imputed value. The results also indicate that when the potential existence of multiple quasi-fixed assets is explicitly modelled, the shadow value of farmland approaches reported cash rental values. C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Food & Resource Econ, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Mishra, AK (reprint author), USDA, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM amishra@eo.usda.gov OI Moss, Charles/0000-0002-1172-7112; Mishra, Ashok/0000-0002-0988-1428 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PY 2004 VL 36 IS 15 BP 1669 EP 1675 DI 10.1080/0003684042000266847 PG 7 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 845HT UT WOS:000223233700006 ER PT J AU Byler, RK AF Byler, RK TI Effect of specimen size on cotton lint moisture content by the oven method SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE cotton; lint; moisture content; measurement; weight AB Proper assessment of the moisture content (mc) of cotton lint is critical to all phases of cotton processing. Traditional methods of mc determination require multiple 20-g specimens of lint, which is more than is available on many occasions. Thus, the use of smaller specimens was considered. Cotton lint specimens of 1, 5, 10, and 20 g were taken from lots conditioned to different moisture content levels and mc determined by the oven method. Results indicated that the mean mc based on 1-g specimens was the same as that based on 20-g specimens. Based on the variance of the mc data separated by specimen size and drying time, seven 1-g specimens produced the same variance as three 20-g specimens after I h of oven drying. Therefore, 1-g specimens can be used for oven-based mc determination instead of 20-g specimens, consuming considerably less lint material. The procedure to determine mc based on 1-g specimens required more time and effort as well as more specimens to achieve a similar variance, so the 1-g sample procedure should only be used when material is limited. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Byler, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Lab, POB 256, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rbyler@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 1 BP 5 EP 9 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 774UW UT WOS:000189004600001 ER PT J AU Sorensen, RB Bader, MJ Wilson, EH AF Sorensen, RB Bader, MJ Wilson, EH TI Cotton yield and grade response to nitrogen applied daily through a subsurface drip irrigation system SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Gossypium hirsutum; micro; irrigation; lint yield ID MICROIRRIGATION; MANAGEMENT AB Nitrogen is typically applied to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in two or three split applications, however, with subsurface drip irrigation (SDI), nitrogen can be applied daily. The major objective was to show yield and grade response of cotton where nitrogen was applied daily through a SDI system at two nitrogen application strategies compared with overhead sprinkler (SP) and non-irrigated (DRY) regimens. The SDI system provided daily irrigation and nitrogen to a randomized block design with three irrigation levels (100%, IL1; 75%, IL2; and 50%, IL3); two nitrogen levels, N1 and N2, (67 and 101 kg ha(-1)); two drip tube lateral spacings, IR and AM (individual row = IR, alternate row middles = AM), with three replications per treatment. Nitrogen was applied in split applications to the SP and DRY areas in a randomized block design. Cotton was planted following peanuts during the 1999 and 2000 growing seasons on a Tifton sandy loam soil (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Plinthic Kandiudults). In 1999, there was a 6% lint yield increase for N2 (total lint: 1484 kg h(a)-(1)), but there was no lint yield difference with nitrogen levels in 2000 (total lint: 1280 kg/ha). There was no yield difference with drip tube lateral spacing or irrigation level except at IL3 (50%) in 1999. Lint yield was higher in both the SDI and SP compared with the DRY regime. Differences within grade parameters were not consistent across years for micronaire, fiber strength, or fiber uniformity with respect to nitrogen applied or irrigation system. Overall, the application of nitrogen on a daily basis with SDI had the same lint yield and grade compared with SP and higher lint yield than the DRY The lower nitrogen rate (NI) had the same yield as the higher nitrogen rate (N2) which suggests that lower nitrogen rates may be appropriate when using SDI. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Sorensen, RB (reprint author), POB 509,1011 Forrester Dr SE, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. EM rsorensen@nprl.usda.gov NR 11 TC 6 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 1 BP 13 EP 16 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 774UW UT WOS:000189004600002 ER PT J AU Zhu, H Butts, CL Lamb, MC Blankenship, PD AF Zhu, H Butts, CL Lamb, MC Blankenship, PD TI An implement to install and retrieve surface drip irrigation laterals SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE drip irrigation; drip tapes; handling implement; farm equipment ID FURROW IRRIGATION; SUBSURFACE; TRICKLE; COTTON; WATER AB A surface drip irrigation tape installer/retriever was developed for small fields. One operator can install drip tapes on or just beneath the soil surface to precisely irrigate crops after planting and retrieve the drip tapes after irrigation is no longer needed for the season. The implement is mounted to the tractor using a three-point hitch and performs both functions of installation and retrieval of drip tapes in one unit. The retriever mainly consists of a speed reducer, a power transmission line, a drip tape distributor, drip tape spool supporters, water extractors, tensioners, and drip tape guides. The installer mainly consists of a chisel, a press wheel, a tape depth adjustment screw, a tension spring, two soil cover plates, and a tangling prevention ring holder During the installation process, drip tapes are placed in shallow trenches cut by the 5-cm wide chisel and are covered with soil by 6.5-cm wide pneumatic wheels. The depth of drip tapes can be adjusted from 0 to 5 cm, beneath the soil surface. During the drip tape retrieval process, drip tapes are distributed evenly across rotating spools while any water in the tapes is squeezed out. The retrieval speed is adjusted by changing the tractor PTO speed. To retrieve excess disposable drip tapes, a special spool was developed to quickly remove the tapes from the unit. No tools are needed for either installing or removing drip tape spools. Mathematical models were developed to calculate drip tape length, retrieving time, and spool sizes. Speeds of both retrieval and installation increased as the total number of laterals per ha decreased, or as the field length increased. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. RP Zhu, H (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Ag Eng Bldg,1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM zhu.16@osu.edu NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 774UW UT WOS:000189004600003 ER PT J AU Paige, GB Stone, JJ Smith, JR Kennedy, JR AF Paige, GB Stone, JJ Smith, JR Kennedy, JR TI The walnut gulch rainfall simulator: A computer-controlled variable intensity rainfall simulator SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE rainfall simulator; variable intensity; infiltration; runoff; erosion AB The Walnut Gulch Rainfall Simulator (WGRS) is a portable, computer-controlled, variable intensity rainfall simulator for rainfall-runoff-erosion research on rangelands. The WGRS was developed with the objective to quantify the relationship between rainfall intensity and steady state infiltration rate and to determine how that relationship affects sediment transport by overland flow. The simulator has a single central oscillating boom and applies water over a 2- x 6.1-m area. Two important improvements have been made to the oscillating boom simulator design. First, a computer-controlled stepper motor is used to control the oscillations and minimize the variability of the water application across the plot. Second, the spray time and sequence of nozzle operation are controlled by three-way solenoids to minimize the delay time between oscillations at low application rates. The simulator applies rainfall rates between 13 and 178 mm/h, in 13-mm/h increments, with a coefficient of variability of 11% across the plot. Water use is minimized by recycling the water that is not sprayed directly on the plot. The simulator has been tested in both laboratory and field applications. C1 USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Paige, GB (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM gpaige@tucson.ars.ag.gov NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 1 BP 25 EP 31 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 774UW UT WOS:000189004600004 ER PT J AU Koelsch, RK Woodbury, BL Stenberg, DE Miller, DN Schulte, DD AF Koelsch, RK Woodbury, BL Stenberg, DE Miller, DN Schulte, DD TI Total reduced sulfur concentrations in the vicinity of beef cattle feedlots SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASAE International Meeting CY JUL 28-31, 2002 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP ASAE DE hydrogen sulfide; total reduced sulfur; beef cattle feedlots; air quality ID HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; SWINE MANURE; ODOR; BUILDINGS; WASTES; ORIGIN; AIR AB A field survey of total reduced sulfur (TRS) concentrations in the vicinity of beef cattle feedlots was conducted to compare field observations against current regulatory thresholds. In addition, environmental factors that may contribute to increased TRS emissions were evaluated. It was observed that TRS levels in the vicinity of beef cattle feedlots are not likely to exceed current regulatory thresholds used by midwestern states. It was further noted that concentration of TRS varies with air temperature and time of day. However wet feedlot surface conditions and wind speed had almost no impact upon observed concentrations. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Dawson Cty Cooperat Extens, Lexington, NE USA. RP Koelsch, RK (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM rkoelsch1@unl.edu OI Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 1 BP 77 EP 85 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 774UW UT WOS:000189004600010 ER PT J AU Mitchell, BW Richardson, LJ Wilson, JL Hofacre, CL AF Mitchell, BW Richardson, LJ Wilson, JL Hofacre, CL TI Application of an electrostatic space charge system for dust, ammonia, and pathogen reduction in a broiler breeder house SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASAE International Meeting CY JUL 28-31, 2002 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP ASAE DE electrostatic; dust; bacteria; microorganisms; Salmonella; disease; food safety; ammonia; poultry; air quality; broiler ID NEGATIVE AIR IONIZATION; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS INFECTION; REDUCING AIRBORNE PATHOGENS; HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION; HATCHING CABINETS; IONS; CONTAMINATION; MICROORGANISMS; CHICKENS; BACTERIA AB Airborne dust in poultry housing is known to be one of the primary means by which disease-causing organisms are spread throughout a house. An electrostatic space charge system (ESCS) was used to reduce airborne dust in a small-scale broiler breeder house. The system used ceiling fans to distribute negatively charged air throughout the room and to move negatively charged dust downward toward the grounded litter where most of it would be captured. The system significantly (P < 0.0001) reduced airborne dust by an average of 61%, ammonia by an average of 56% (P < 0.0001), and airborne bacteria by 67% (P < 0.0001). Earlier studies with an ESCS have resulted in significant reductions of airborne dust, bacteria, and airborne transmission of disease in poultry hatching cabinets, caged layer rooms, and in controlled environment disease transmission cabinets. The ESCS was shown to be a reliable and easily maintained system for reducing airborne dust, ammonia, and bacteria in a small broiler breeder house. Results of this study combined with the results of related ESCS studies suggest that the system could probably be scaled up to full-sized production houses for poultry or other animals for dust reduction, pathogen reduction, and possibly ammonia reduction. All of the applications have potential for improving human health as well as animal health. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Avian Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Mitchell, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM bmitchell@seprl.usda.gov NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 1 BP 87 EP 93 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 774UW UT WOS:000189004600011 ER PT J AU Sigua, GC Tweedale, WA AF Sigua, GC Tweedale, WA TI Assessing redesigned effectiveness of the water quality monitoring program in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE water quality monitoring network; Indian River Lagoon; estuary; redesign; water quality; nutrients; seagrass; centralized laboratory AB 1. In 1996, the long-term water quality monitoring network (WQMN) program in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) of the St. Johns River Water Management District (SJRWMD) that began in 1988 was redesigned to eliminate statistically redundant sampling and satisfy modeling requirements. 2. Methods, procedures, and equipment were standardized across multi-agency monitoring partners to produce reliable and comparable data. The redesigned strategy also included elements to determine previously unknown quantities such as differences in water quality parameters with depth and tidal cycle. 3. Reduction of sampling sites from 150 to 24 resulted in a significant improvement of standard deviation (t-test; alpha = 0.05) for most water qualify parameters analysed. The enhancement in data quality has demonstrated a more cost-effective and efficient monitoring tool to measure the water quality of the seagrass environment in the IRL. 4. Results supported the view of a well-mixed condition at the sampling stations on most days. Refocusing and streamlining the water quality monitoring program within the context of its mission would enable conversion of data into meaningful information regarding the interrelationship among water quality, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and seagrass PAR requirements. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Sub Trop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 32178 USA. St Johns River Water Management Dist, Div Environm Sci, Polatka, FL 32178 USA. RP Sigua, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sub Trop Agr Res Stn, 22271 Chinsegut Hill Rd, Brooksville, FL 32178 USA. EM gcsigua@mail.ifas.ufl.edu NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1052-7613 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 14 IS 1 BP 49 EP 64 DI 10.1002/aqc.580 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 803PC UT WOS:000220242000004 ER PT J AU Blackburn, MB Loeb, MJ Clark, E Jaffe, H AF Blackburn, MB Loeb, MJ Clark, E Jaffe, H TI Stimulation of midgut stem cell proliferation by Manduca sexta alpha-arylphorin SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO; ARTHROPOD HEMOCYANINS; DIFFERENTIATION; PROTEIN; EPITHELIUM; EVOLUTION; HEMOLYMPH; LARVAL AB Extracts of the green-colored perivisceral fat body of newly ecdysed Manduca sexta pupae stimulate mitosis in midgut stem cells of Heliothis virescens cultured in vitro. Using a combination of cation- and anion-exchange chromatography, we have isolated a protein from these fat body extracts that accounts for the observed stem cell proliferation. SDS-PAGE analysis of the protein results in a single band of 77 kDa. Sequences of tryptic peptides from this protein are identical to internal sequences of the storage hexamer alpha-arylphorin. The alpha-arylphorin isolated by our procedure represents a small fraction of the total arylphorin present in the fat body extract. However, it alone seems responsible for the stimulation of mitotic activity in H. virescens midgut stem cells. C1 ARS, USDA, PSI, IBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke, Prot Peptide Sequencing Facil, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Blackburn, MB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, PSI, IBL, Bldg 011A,Rm 214,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 22 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 55 IS 1 BP 26 EP 32 DI 10.1002/arch.10119 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 760HQ UT WOS:000187805900002 PM 14691960 ER PT J AU Gillham, JH Hild, AL Johnson, JH Hunt, ER Whitson, TD AF Gillham, JH Hild, AL Johnson, JH Hunt, ER Whitson, TD TI Weed Invasion Susceptibility Prediction (WISP) model for use with geographic information systems SO ARID LAND RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE invasive species; habitat suitability; GIS; Wyoming; rangelands; black henbane; Hyoscyamus niger; hoary cress; Cardaria draba; perennial pepperweed; Lepidium latifolium; leafy spurge; Euphorbia esula; spotted knapweed; Centaurea maculosa ID MANAGEMENT AB The Weed Invasion Susceptibility Prediction (WISP) model was developed as an extension of the ArcView Geographic Information System to predict potential risk of invasion by individual weed species in rangelands. Existence potential was determined by comparing growth requirements of each weed species with respect to nine site characteristics obtained from geographic data layers: distance from water and disturbance sources, elevation, annual precipitation, soil texture and pH, aspect, slope, and land cover. Disturbance is important for predicting weed infestations; an innovative aspect of the WISP model is that we use data layers for transportation and energy development as an estimate of disturbance. Data from weed surveys conducted at the Jack Morrow Hills Study Area in southwestern Wyoming, USA, were used to test WISP model predictions for the occurrence of Hyoscyamus niger (black henbane), Cardaria draba (hoary cress), and Lepidium latifolium (perennial pepperweed). Data acquired from the U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management were used to test model predictions for the occurrence of Euphorbia esula (leafy spurge) and Centaurea maculosa (spotted knapweed) for four counties in northwestern Wyoming, USA. The model accuracy, based on false-negative errors where a species was present but was predicted not to occur, averaged 89% for the five weed species. The WISP model allows land managers to predict more easily and accurately the potential for weed invasions in order to prioritize areas for detailed monitoring. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Geogr Informat Sci Ctr, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Plant Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Hunt, ER (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007 Room 104,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-4982 J9 ARID LAND RES MANAG JI Arid Land Res. Manag. PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 18 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1080/15324980490244933 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 743MX UT WOS:000186577400001 ER PT J AU Rabelo, ERC Veras, CAG Carvalho, JA Alvarado, EC Sandberg, DV Santos, JC AF Rabelo, ERC Veras, CAG Carvalho, JA Alvarado, EC Sandberg, DV Santos, JC TI Log smoldering after an Amazonian deforestation fire SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE smoldering; biomass combustion; deforestation fire ID FOREST CLEARING EXPERIMENT; RAIN-FOREST; BIOMASS; COMBUSTION; BRAZIL; EMISSIONS; SAVANNA; MANAUS AB The characteristics of log smoldering after an Amazonian deforestation fire are described. The experiment was carried out in 2001 at the Caiabi farm, near the city of Alta Floresta, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, as part of a set of tests that have been performed in the same area since 1997. A 200 x 200m(2) test area was slashed in the beginning of June and burned on 20 August. The area contained 507 logs with diameter at breast height (DBH) higher than 10 cm, per hectare. In the day following the main burn 59 logs were found to remain smoldering, a number that corresponds to 2.9% of the total in the area. We chose 11 of the 59 logs to have their smoldering process monitored. Their diameter, moisture content and CHN dry biomass composition after the plot burn and before smoldering were determined. Other parameters such as temperature distribution while smoldering, porosity, density and mass volatilized during thermogravimetric test were also determined. Average smoldering speeds were in the range from 0.8 to 1.5 cm h(-1) for logs that smoldered without transition to the flaming regime. The average speed increased to 2.1 cm h(-1) for those logs that oscillated between smoldering and flaming. The speeds were lower overnight as compared to values determined during daytime for the same log. Higher log moisture contents were found to produce decreased speeds. Micro-porous biomass was not observed in the set of the 11 selected logs. Smoldering was observed to occur at substantial intensity in crossing of logs, with no longitudinal propagation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Dept Energia, BR-12516410 Guaratingueta, SP, Brazil. Univ Brasilia, UnB, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12630000 Cachoeira Paulista, SP, Brazil. RP Carvalho, JA (reprint author), Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Dept Energia, Campus Guaratingueta,Av Ariberto Pereira Cunha 33, BR-12516410 Guaratingueta, SP, Brazil. EM joao@feg.unesp.br NR 21 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 38 IS 2 BP 203 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.09.065 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 764MM UT WOS:000188210700004 ER PT J AU Hamel, PB Dawson, DK Keyser, PD AF Hamel, PB Dawson, DK Keyser, PD TI How we can learn more about the Cerulean Warbler (Dendroica Cerulea) SO AUK LA English DT Editorial Material ID DISTURBANCE; BEHAVIOR; ONTARIO; BIRDS C1 USDA, Forst Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. MeadWestvaco Corp, Forestry Div, Rupert, WV 25984 USA. RP Hamel, PB (reprint author), USDA, Forst Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, POB 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM phamel@fs.fed.us NR 31 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2004 VL 121 IS 1 BP 7 EP 14 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0007:HWCLMA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 774FY UT WOS:000188970200002 ER PT J AU Kwit, C Levey, DJ Greenberg, CH Pearson, SF McCarty, JP Sargent, S Mumme, RL AF Kwit, C Levey, DJ Greenberg, CH Pearson, SF McCarty, JP Sargent, S Mumme, RL TI Fruit abundance and local distribution of wintering hermit thrushes (Catharus guttatus) and yellow-rumped warblers (Dendroica coronata) in South Carolina SO AUK LA English DT Article ID NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT BIRDS; FEEDING-TERRITORY SIZE; AMERICAN REDSTARTS; NONBREEDING SEASON; FRUGIVOROUS BIRDS; HABITAT SELECTION; FOOD AVAILABILITY; TEMPORAL DYNAMICS; AUTUMN MIGRATION; RESIDENT BIRDS AB We conducted winter censuses of two short-distance migrants, Hermit Thrushes (Catharus guttatus) and Yellow-rumped Warblers (Dendroica coronata), over seven years in five different habitats to determine whether their local abundances could be predicted by fruit pulp biomass. Sampled habitats were stands of upland and bottomland hardwood, loblolly pine (Piuus taeda), longleaf pine (P. palustris), and young (<10 years) longleaf pine. Hermit Thrush abundance, which was highest in bottomland hardwood habitats, was positively related to total dry mass of fruit pulp. Those results are consistent with the hypothesis that resource availability affects the local distribution of migrant passerines on their wintering grounds. Our results also indicate that bottomland hardwood habitats in the southeastern United States may be especially important to wintering Hermit Thrushes. Yellow-rumped Warbler abundance was correlated with ripe-fruit pulp dry mass of Myrica cerifera, a major source of winter food for that species. However, because M. cerifera pulp dry mass was confounded with habitat type, we could not distinguish the relative importance of fruit resources and habitat for Yellow romped Warblers. Our results underscore the importance of fruit to wintering birds. However, the overall percentage of variation in winter bird abundance explained by differences in ripefruit biomass was modest, indicating that other factors are also important. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. RP Kwit, C (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM kwit@srel.edu RI McCarty, John/E-9797-2011 OI McCarty, John/0000-0002-6278-5451 NR 75 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2004 VL 121 IS 1 BP 46 EP 57 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0046:FAALDO]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 774FY UT WOS:000188970200006 ER PT J AU Borgmann, KL Pearson, SF Levey, DJ Greenberg, CH AF Borgmann, KL Pearson, SF Levey, DJ Greenberg, CH TI Wintering yellow-rumped warblers (Dendroica coronata) track manipulated abundance of Myrica cerifera fruits SO AUK LA English DT Article ID TEMPORAL VARIATION; COSTA-RICA; POPULATION DECLINES; RESOURCE ABUNDANCE; ANIMAL COMMUNITIES; NONBREEDING SEASON; PINE PLANTATIONS; AUTUMN MIGRATION; DISPERSED PLANTS; BIRD ABUNDANCE AB Food availability during winter may determine habitat use and limit populations of overwintering birds, yet its importance is difficult to judge because few studies have experimentally tested the response of nonbreeding birds to changes in resource abundance. We experimentally examined the link between fruit availability and habitat use by manipulating winter abundance of Myrica cerifera L. (Myricaceae) fruits in managed longleaf (Pinus palustris) and loblolly (P. taeda) pine stands in South Carolina. Myrica cerifera is a common understory shrub in the southeastern United States and provides lipid-rich fruit in late winter (February and March), when insects and other fruits are scarce. On treatment plots, we covered fruiting M. cerifera shrubs with netting in early winter to prevent birds from eating their fruits. In late February, when M. cerifera fruit crops were largely depleted elsewhere on our study site, we uncovered the shrubs and documented the response of the bird community to those patches of high fruit availability. Relative to control plots, total bird abundance (excluding the most common species, Yellow-rumped Warbler [Dendroica coronata]) and species richness did not change after net removal. Yellow-rumped Warblers, however, became significantly more abundant on treatment plots after net removal, which suggests that they track M. cerifera fruit abundance. We suggest that M. cerifcra plays a role in determining the local distribution of wintering Yellow-rumped Warblers at our study site. To put these results into a management context, we also examined the effect of prescribed fire frequencies on M. cerifera fruit production. Across pine stands with different fire regimes, M. cerifcra fruit abundance increased with the number of years since burning. It takes 4-6 years for individuals to recover sufficiently from a burn to produce large quantities of fruit. Thus, shorter intervals between burns will reduce winter fruit availability. Taken together, these results suggest that within those pine plantations, the local winter distribution of at least one common migratory bird is closely tied to fruit abundance, which in turn is tied to the frequency of prescribed fires. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. RP Borgmann, KL (reprint author), Hawks Aloft, POB 10028, Albuquerque, NM 87184 USA. EM kborgmann@hawksaloft.org NR 73 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2004 VL 121 IS 1 BP 74 EP 87 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0074:WYWDCT]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 774FY UT WOS:000188970200009 ER PT J AU Hartman, GL Huang, YH Li, S AF Hartman, GL Huang, YH Li, S TI Phytotoxicity of Fusarium solani culture filtrates from soybeans and other hosts assayed by stem cuttings SO AUSTRALASIAN PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE culture filtrates; fungal toxins; Glycine max; sudden death syndrome ID SUDDEN-DEATH-SYNDROME; F SP. GLYCINES; CAUSAL AGENT; PATHOGENICITY; SEVERITY; SOIL AB Fusarium solani infects roots of a number of different plant species and some strains produce phytotoxins. F. solani f. sp. glycines, the causal organism of sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean (Glycine max), colonises soybean roots and produces toxin(s) that are translocated to leaves and cause intervienal chlorosis and necrosis. Several experiments evaluated the phytotoxicity of cell-free culture filtrates of F. solani f. sp. glycines by immersing cuttings of soybean seedlings into filtrates to determine what in vitro growth conditions alter the phytotoxicity, and to determine the specificity of toxicity of F. solani f. sp. glycines and other F. solani on cuttings of soybean and other legume species. Foliar disease severity ratings of soybean cuttings in cell-free culture filtrates diluted 25- and 50-fold were higher than when diluted 100-fold or more. Cell-free culture filtrates originating from cultures grown at 15, 20, and 25degreesC caused greater (P = 0.05) foliar disease severity ratings on cutting than when the fungus was grown at 30degreesC. Cell-free culture filtrates of F. solani isolates from cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) did not cause symptoms on soybean cuttings whereas filtrates of F. solani isolates obtained from other hosts caused some leaf chlorosis and/or necrotic spots. F. solani f. sp. glycines inoculated on eight legume species caused symptoms such as leaf chlorosis, defoliation, wilt or death on most of the species, but azuki bean (Vigna angularis), common pea (Pisum sativum) and vetch (Vicia sativa) were symptomless. Cell-free culture filtrates of F. solani f. sp. glycines caused foliar symptoms on all cuttings of legume species except for mung bean (Vigna radiata), although none of the symptoms matched the SDS symptoms observed on soybean foliage. C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Illinois, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Dept Crop Sci, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Dow AgroSci Pacific Ltd, Pingtung, Taiwan. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM ghartman@uiuc.edu NR 26 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0815-3191 J9 AUSTRALAS PLANT PATH JI Austral. Plant Pathol. PY 2004 VL 33 IS 1 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1071/AP03072 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 801ZF UT WOS:000220133100002 ER PT J AU Truol, G French, R Sagadin, M Arneodo, J AF Truol, G French, R Sagadin, M Arneodo, J TI First report of Wheat streak mosaic virus infecting wheat in Argentina SO AUSTRALASIAN PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Wheat streak mosaic virus has been detected for the first time in Argentina in wheat crops ( Triticum aestivum) growing in the central area of the country (Cordoba province). Virus identity was established by host range experiments, electron microscopy, serology and polymerase chain reaction. C1 INTA, Inst Fitopatol & Fisiol Vegetal, Cordoba, Argentina. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Truol, G (reprint author), INTA, Inst Fitopatol & Fisiol Vegetal, Cordoba, Argentina. EM gtruol@correo.inta.gov.ar NR 7 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0815-3191 J9 AUSTRALAS PLANT PATH JI Austral. Plant Pathol. PY 2004 VL 33 IS 1 BP 137 EP 138 DI 10.1071/AP03092 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 801ZF UT WOS:000220133100025 ER PT J AU Gubler, WD Baumgartner, K Browne, GT Eskalen, A Latham, SR Petit, E Bayramian, LA AF Gubler, WD Baumgartner, K Browne, GT Eskalen, A Latham, SR Petit, E Bayramian, LA TI Root diseases of grapevines in California and their control SO AUSTRALASIAN PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Australasian Soilborne Diseases Symposium CY FEB 08-11, 2004 CL Barossa, AUSTRALIA ID PHAEOMONIELLA-CHLAMYDOSPORA; 1ST REPORT; PHAEOACREMONIUM AB Root rots of grapevine in California are caused by several soilborne pathogens. While root rot in vineyards in general has been considered to be a relative minor problem, nearly all root diseases have increased in incidence and severity since the introduction of rootstocks resistant to Phylloxera. Pathogens such as Phytophthora spp. and Armillaria mellea have been known to occur for many years. However, seldom did root rot become a serious problem in vineyards. New diseases such as Petri disease caused by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, vine decline caused by Phaeoacremonium spp. and black foot caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans have only recently been shown to occur in California. Wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae has become more prevalent in nearly all grape growing regions in California. Though losses due to actual root disease have been minor over the past 10 years, losses due to vineyard reestablishment have been large. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, ARS, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Gubler, WD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, ARS, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM wdgubler@ucdavis.edu NR 26 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 18 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0815-3191 J9 AUSTRALAS PLANT PATH JI Austral. Plant Pathol. PY 2004 VL 33 IS 2 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1071/AP04019 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 829OZ UT WOS:000222060800003 ER PT J AU Dickinson, MB Jolliff, J Bova, AS AF Dickinson, MB Jolliff, J Bova, AS TI Vascular cambium necrosis in forest fires: using hyperbolic temperature regimes to estimate parameters of a tissue-response model SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID KINETIC-PARAMETERS; HEAT; CURVES; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL AB Hyperbolic temperature exposures (in which the rate of temperature rise increases with time) and an analytical solution to a rate-process model were used to characterise the impairment of respiration in samples containing both phloem (live bark) and vascular-cambium tissue during exposures to temperatures such as those experienced by the vascular cambium in tree stems heated by forest. res. Tissue impairment was characterised for red maple (Acer rubrum), chestnut oak (Quercus prinus), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) samples. The estimated temperature dependence of the model's rate parameter (described by the Arrhenius equation) was a function of the temperature regime to which tissues were exposed. Temperatures rising hyperbolically from near ambient (30degreesC) to 65degreesC produced rate parameters for the deciduous species that were similar at 60degreesC to those from the literature, estimated by using fixed temperature exposures. In contrast, samples from all species showed low rates of impairment, conifer samples more so than deciduous, after exposure to regimes in which temperatures rose hyperbolically between 50 and 60degreesC. A hypersensitive response could explain an early lag in tissue-impairment rates that apparently caused the differences among heating regimes. A simulation based on stem vascular-cambium temperature regimes measured during. res shows how temperature-dependent impairment rates can be used to predict tissue necrosis in. res. To our knowledge, hyperbolic temperature exposures have not been used to characterise plant tissue thermal tolerance and, given certain caveats, could provide more realistic data more efficiently than fixed-temperature exposures. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Dickinson, MB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM mbdickinson@fs.fed.us OI Dickinson, Matthew/0000-0003-3635-1219 NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0067-1924 J9 AUST J BOT JI Aust. J. Bot. PY 2004 VL 52 IS 6 BP 757 EP 763 DI 10.1071/BT03111 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 882CZ UT WOS:000225917500006 ER PT J AU Reed, KFM Clement, SL Feely, WF Clark, B AF Reed, KFM Clement, SL Feely, WF Clark, B TI Improving tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) for cool-season vigour SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID NORTH AFRICAN VARIETIES; LEAF GROWTH; WINTER; TEMPERATURE; ENDOPHYTES; BRITISH AB A highly winter-active cultivar of tall fescue, Melik, was compared with 3 commercial cultivars in a field experiment in South West Victoria. Winter production of Melik was superior to the widely used commercial cultivars (P<0.05). In a second experiment, a selection from a Melik nursery, designated Melik Select, was compared with the summer-active cultivars, Demeter and AU Triumph. Seed blends of Melik Select and Demeter (1:2 or 2:1 mix) were also evaluated and seasonal production was measured under grazing. Over 3 years, the cumulative yield of tall fescue per se was not different between cultivars, despite a 73% increase in winter for Melik Select compared with Demeter (P<0.001). Melik Select produced 55% of its annual yield in winter. For Demeter the winter proportion was 33%. Spring (P<0.01) and summer production (P<0.001) was superior from the summer-active cultivars, Demeter and AU Triumph, when compared with the yield from Melik Select. Melik Select plots were however, characterised by higher contributions from subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). After 7 years of rotational grazing by sheep, the frequency of Melik Select plants (63%) was greater than that of Demeter (9%) and AU Triumph (8%) (P<0.01). Melik Select exhibited greater crown rust (Puccinia coronata) resistance than Demeter and AU Triumph (P<0.001) in autumn. The seed blend treatments, which included 66% Melik Select, did not increase winter production above that obtained from the summer-active cultivars (P>0.05). It was concluded that, while increased cool season production from tall fescue may be obtained by the use of highly winter-active cultivars sown alone, blends of the contrasting types of tall fescue may provide a more even distribution of growth throughout the year. To significantly increase winter growth in the Hamilton climate, however, the highly winter-active component may have to represent >66% of the blend. Options for using Mediterranean type tall fescue for their autumn-winter growth potential are discussed for districts with a shorter growing season. Melik Select was compared against 5 check cultivars, in a 3-year field experiment at Hamilton, to characterise the seasonal growth of 36 Neotyphodium endophyte infected accessions of tall fescue collected from the Mediterranean basin. These accessions contained endophyte variants differing from N. coenophialum, as found in continental winter-dormant types of tall fescue. Ratings confirmed the importance of Mediterranean material as a source of vigorous growth during the cool season. Melik Select was superior to other cultivars and accessions in both the cool and warm seasons. The use of Melik Select to develop and evaluate a new type of highly winter-active tall fescue for temperate Australia, since released as cultivar Fraydo, is discussed. C1 Dept Primary Ind, Hamilton, Vic 3300, Australia. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Germplasm Intro & Testing Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Reed, KFM (reprint author), Dept Primary Ind, Private Bag 105, Hamilton, Vic 3300, Australia. EM kevin.reed@dpi.vic.gov.au NR 37 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0816-1089 J9 AUST J EXP AGR JI Aust. J. Exp. Agric. PY 2004 VL 44 IS 9 BP 873 EP 881 DI 10.1071/EA03173 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 864GE UT WOS:000224621200006 ER PT J AU Lewis, IM French, AJ Tecirlioglu, RT Vajta, G McClintock, AE Nicholas, KR Zuelke, KA Holland, MK Trounson, AO AF Lewis, IM French, AJ Tecirlioglu, RT Vajta, G McClintock, AE Nicholas, KR Zuelke, KA Holland, MK Trounson, AO TI Commercial aspects of cloning and genetic modification in cattle SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID VITRO PRODUCED EMBRYOS; CLONED TRANSGENIC CALVES; NUCLEAR TRANSFER CLONING; IN-VITRO; BOVINE EMBRYOS; FETAL FIBROBLASTS; SHEEP EMBRYOS; CELLS; ADULT; TRANSPLANTATION AB A range of potential commercial applications of cloning and genetic modification in cattle has been suggested over the last decade. It includes the rapid multiplication of elite genotypes, production of valuable human proteins, altered production characteristics, increased disease resistance and milk with improved nutritional value and processing capabilities. However, an economic return from the sale of product is far from reality in any of these areas. One impediment to achieving economic sustainability is the extremely low efficiency in producing healthy offspring from transferred cloned embryos. Other significant impediments are societal concerns surrounding such technologies, animal welfare issues and regulatory requirements. This review will focus on current biological limitations and technical capabilities in commercial settings, the changes required to allow the production and sale of products at economically sustainable levels, cryopreservation and the progress towards automation of cloning techniques. C1 Genet Australia Cooperat Ltd, Bacchus Marsh, Vic 3340, Australia. Cooperat Res Ctr Innovat Dairy Prod, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia. Monash Univ, Monash Inst Reprod & Dev, Ctr Early Human Dev, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. Univ Melbourne, Dept Zool, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. ARS, USDA, Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Danish Inst Agr Sci, Dept Anim Breeding & Genet, Sect Reprod Biol, Tjele, Denmark. RP Lewis, IM (reprint author), Genet Australia Cooperat Ltd, Woolpack Rd, Bacchus Marsh, Vic 3340, Australia. EM ilewis@genaust.com.au RI French, Andrew/A-7137-2009; Zuelke, Kurt/H-8609-2013 NR 67 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0816-1089 J9 AUST J EXP AGR JI Aust. J. Exp. Agric. PY 2004 VL 44 IS 11 BP 1105 EP 1111 DI 10.1071/EA03239 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 879BC UT WOS:000225690400007 ER PT J AU Eynard, A Schumacher, TE Lindstrom, MJ Malo, DD Kohl, RA AF Eynard, A Schumacher, TE Lindstrom, MJ Malo, DD Kohl, RA TI Wettability of soil aggregates from cultivated and uncultivated Ustolls and Usterts SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE management systems; organic C ID WATER-REPELLENCY; PARTICLE-SIZE; HYDROPHOBICITY; CLAY; FAILURE AB Soil organic matter can modify the interaction of clay minerals with water, limiting the rate of water intake of swelling clays and stabilising soil aggregates. Soil structural stability and organic C content usually decrease with cultivation. Faster wetting increases stresses on aggregates and decreases stability. Aggregate wettabilities of prairie soils under 3 different management systems (grassland, no-till, and conventional-till) were compared in the Northern Great Plains of the USA. Six Ustolls and 2 Usterts were selected as replications along the Missouri River. Wettability was measured as water drop penetration time (WDPT) and as rate of water intake under 30 and 300 mm tension. At low tension, aggregates from both cultivated fields and uncultivated grasslands showed similar wettability. Water intake in grass aggregates was attributed to a greater amount of stable pores relative to cultivated aggregates. In cultivated aggregates, slaking created planes of failure that allowed rapid water entry. Differences of wettability between management systems at 300 mm tension (in Ustolls, grasslands had greater wettability than cultivated soils, 0.24 v. 0.17 g water/h.g dry soil) and between soil orders (Usterts had longer WDPT than Ustolls, 2.9 v. 1.7 s) were explained by both clay and organic C contents. Simple measurements of aggregate wettability may be effectively used for soil quality characterisation. Aggregate wettability is a desirable property for agricultural soils when it is related to stable porosity, as may be found in high organic matter soils (e. g. grasslands). Wettability is excessive when fast aggregate wetting results in aggregate destruction as observed in low organic matter cultivated soils. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. ARS, USDA, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Schumacher, TE (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, 247A NPB, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM thomas_schumacher@sdstate.edu NR 39 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9573 J9 AUST J SOIL RES JI Aust. J. Soil Res. PY 2004 VL 42 IS 2 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1071/SR03029 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 812HV UT WOS:000220831500003 ER PT J AU Demas, SY Hall, AM Fanning, DS Rabenhorst, MC Dzantor, EK AF Demas, SY Hall, AM Fanning, DS Rabenhorst, MC Dzantor, EK TI Acid sulfate soils in dredged materials from tidal Pocomoke Sound in Somerset County, MD, USA SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Acid Sulfate Soil Conference CY AUG, 2002 CL Tweed Heads, AUSTRALIA SP Int Union Soil Sci, Acid Sulfate Soils Working Grp DE sulfide; sulfuricization; acid sulfate; fish kills; iron; aluminum ID AUSTRALIA; IRON AB Seepage and runoff waters from soils forming in sulfide-bearing dredge materials (SBDM) can have dramatic effects on water quality if they are placed adjacent to open water and do not have adequate containment. Soils forming in SBDM can produce large amounts of acidity upon sulfide oxidation and the oxidation and hydrolysis of released ferrous iron when they are drained or otherwise exposed to air. These soils, under certain environmental conditions, can produce low pH seepage and runoff waters containing large amounts of iron and aluminum, especially after heavy rain that follows a prolonged dry period. During the course of the soil survey update of Somerset County, Maryland ( MD), USA, 2 areas of soils forming in SBDM of differing age were identified in close proximity to the sites of recent fish kills on the Pocomoke Sound in Somerset County. Both of these soil areas were initially contained by earthen berms. The dredge materials were deposited directly over the natural tidal marsh soil. Soils forming in SBDM that are approximately 60 years of age were classified as fine-silty, mixed mesic Sulfic Endoaquepts, while the second area of SBDM are 8 years of age and classified as fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Sulfaquepts, by Soil Taxonomy. The presence of jarosite was confirmed in both soils by X-ray diffraction, and the presence of ironstone ( iron oxyhydroxides) was confirmed in both soils at the effluent discharge points. This is an indication that these soils have undergone intensive acid sulfate weathering (sulfuricization) and that they have released a large quantity of iron to waters leaving the sites. Studies have shown that the 2 mechanisms responsible for acid production from soils forming in SBDM are (i) the oxidation and hydrolysis of mobile ferrous iron; and (ii) the oxidation of the sulfur occurring in the form of pyrite. It is suggested that the resultant low pH, Fe- and Al-enriched water from these soils that entered the Pocomoke Sound may have made fish more susceptible to microbial predation by weakening mucous membranes and/or by promoting the growth of harmful cyannobacteria and flagellates. This paper reports the nature and classification of soils that developed in SBDM at 2 sites of differing age and of the possible environmental impacts of seepage and runoff from these sites entering the Pocomoke Sound. C1 Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resources Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Demas, SY (reprint author), Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, 30730 Pk Dr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM susan.demas@md.usda.gov NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9573 J9 AUST J SOIL RES JI Aust. J. Soil Res. PY 2004 VL 42 IS 5-6 BP 537 EP 545 DI 10.1071/SR03089 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 854SX UT WOS:000223924700006 ER PT J AU Gee, GF Bertschinger, H Donoghue, AM Blanco, J Soley, J AF Gee, GF Bertschinger, H Donoghue, AM Blanco, J Soley, J TI Reproduction in nondomestic birds: Physiology, semen collection, artificial insemination and cryopreservation SO AVIAN AND POULTRY BIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE reproduction; nondomestic birds; semen collection; artificial insemination; cryopreservation ID OSTRICH STRUTHIO-CAMELUS; SPERM-STORAGE TUBULES; EXTRA-PAIR COPULATIONS; CAPTIVE AMERICAN KESTRELS; FROZEN TURKEY SEMEN; POULTRY SEMEN; CHICKEN SPERMATOZOA; FOWL SPERMATOZOA; AFRICAN OSTRICH; FERTILIZING-CAPACITY AB Pioneering work by Quinn and Burrows in the late 1930s led to successful artificial insemination (AI) programs in the domestic poultry industry. A variety of species specific modifications to the Quinn and Burrows massage technique made AI possible in nondomestic birds. Massage semen collection and insemination techniques span the entire range of species from sparrows to ostriches. Also, cooperative semen collection and electroejaculation have found limited use in some nondomestic species. Artificial insemination produces good fertility, often exceeding fertility levels in naturally copulating populations. However, aviculturists should explore other ways to improve fertility before resorting to AI. Artificial insemination is labor intensive and may pose risks to nondomestic birds as well as handlers associated with capture and insemination. Semen collection and AI makes semen cryopreservation and germ plasma preservation possible. Yet, semen cryopreservation techniques need improvement before fertility with frozen-thawed semen will equal fertility from AI with fresh semen. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Pretoria, Vet Wildlife Unit, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Junta Comunidades Castilla La Manch, Ctr Estudios Rapaces Ibericas, Toledo 45671, Spain. RP Gee, GF (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RI Soley, John/G-9839-2014; Madekurozwa, Mary-Catherine/O-7064-2014 NR 281 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 28 PU SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1470-2061 J9 AVIAN POULT BIOL REV JI Avian Poult. Biol. Rev. PY 2004 VL 15 IS 2 BP 47 EP 101 DI 10.3184/147020604783637435 PG 55 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 842JB UT WOS:000222999000001 ER PT J AU Bakst, MR AF Bakst, MR TI Impact of egg storage on early embryo development in the turkey SO AVIAN AND POULTRY BIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Interantional Workshop on Fundamental Physiology and Perinatal Development in Poultry, Adaptation in Poultry CY OCT 09-11, 2003 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Inst Biol, Working Grp Perinat Adaptat, Humboldt Univ Berlin DE egg storage; early embryo development C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bakst, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM MURRAY@ANRI.barc.usda.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1470-2061 J9 AVIAN POULT BIOL REV JI Avian Poult. Biol. Rev. PY 2004 VL 15 IS 3-4 BP 231 EP 231 DI 10.3184/147020604783638047 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 872TE UT WOS:000225230600028 ER PT J AU Williams, SM Reed, WM Bacon, LD Fadly, AM AF Williams, SM Reed, WM Bacon, LD Fadly, AM TI Response of white leghorn chickens of various genetic lines to infection with avian leukosis virus subgroup J SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian leukosis virus subgroup J; white leghorn chickens; enclogenous virus 21; lymphoid leukosis ID MYELOID LEUKOSIS; CONGENITAL TRANSMISSION; ENDOGENOUS VIRUS-21; FEATHERING DAMS; SARCOMA-VIRUSES; HPRS-103 STRAIN; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; RESISTANCE; TUMORS; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB In Experiment 1, chickens from various white leghorn experimental lines were inoculated with strain ADOL-Hcl of subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) either as embryos or at 1 day of age. At various ages, chickens were tested for ALV-J induced viremia, antibody, and packed cell volume (PCV). Also, at 4 and 10 wk of age, bursal tissues were examined for avian leukosis virus (ALV)-induced preneoplastic lesions with the methyl green-pyronine (MGP) stain. In Experiment 2, chickens harboring or lacking endogenous virus 21 (EV-21) were inoculated with strain ADOL-Hcl of ALV-J at hatch. All embryo-inoculated chickens in Experiment 1 tested positive for ALV-J and lacked antibody throughout the experimental period of 30 wk and were considered viremic tolerant, regardless of line of chickens. By 10 wk of age, the incidence of ALV-J viremia in chickens inoculated with virus at hatch varied from 0 (line 0 chickens) to 97% (line 151(5)); no influence of ALV-J infection was noted on PCV. Results from microscopic examination of MGP-stained bursal tissues indicate that ALV-j can induce typical ALV-induced transformation in bursal follicles of white leghorn chickens. Lymphoid leukosis and hemangiomas were the most common ALV-J-induced tumors noted in chickens in Experiment 1. At termination of Experiment 2 (31 wk of age), 54% of chickens harboring EV21 were viremic tolerant compared with 5% of chickens lacking EV21 after inoculation with ALV-J at hatch. The data indicate that genetic differences among lines of white leghorn chickens, including the presence or absence of EV21, can influence response of chickens to infection with ALV-J. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Fadly, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.1637/7052 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 812XH UT WOS:000220871700007 PM 15077798 ER PT J AU Jackson, CR Fedorka-Cray, PJ Barrett, JB Ladely, SR AF Jackson, CR Fedorka-Cray, PJ Barrett, JB Ladely, SR TI Genetic relatedness of high-level aminoglycoside-resistant enterococci isolated from poultry carcasses SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE poultry; enterococci; gentamicin; kanamycin; streptomycin; resistance ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; VETERINARY-MEDICINE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FAECALIS; GENTAMICIN; BACTERIA; FAECIUM; SPECTINOMYCIN; APH(2'')-IB AB Approximately 46% (75/162) or poultry enterococci collected between 1999 and 2000 exhibited high-level resistance to gentamicin (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] greater than or equal to 500 mug/ml), kanamycin (MIC greater than or equal to 500 mug/ml), or streptomycin (MIC greater than or equal to 1000 mug/ml). Forty-one percent of the isolates were resistant to kanamycin (n = 67), whereas 23% and 19% were resistant to gentamicin (n = 37) and streptomycin (n = 3 1), respectively. The predominant species identified was Enterococcus faecium (n = 105), followed by Enterococcus faecalis (n = 40) and Enterococcus durans (n = 8). Using polymerase chain reaction, the isolates were examined for the presence of 10 aminoglycoside resistance genes [ant(6)-Ia, ant(9)-Ia, ant(4')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, aph(2")-Ib, aph(2")-Ic, aph(2")-Id, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, and aac(6')-Ii]. Five aminoglycoside resistance genes were detected, most frequently aac(6')-Ii and ant(6)-Ia from E faecium. Seven E faecalis isolates resistant to gentamicin, kanamycin, or streptomycin were negative for all genes tested, indicating that additional resistance genes may exist. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates were genetically different with little clonality. These data indicate that enterococci from poultry are diverse and contain potentially unidentified aminoglycoside resistance genes. C1 USDA ARS, Antimicrobial Resistance Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Jackson, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Antimicrobial Resistance Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1 BP 100 EP 107 DI 10.1637/7071 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 812XH UT WOS:000220871700012 PM 15077803 ER PT J AU Jones, YL Swayne, DE AF Jones, YL Swayne, DE TI Comparative pathobiology of low and high pathogenicity H7N3 Chilean avian influenza viruses in chickens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; avian influenza virus; high pathogenicity; influenza; immunohistochemistry; low pathogenicity; pathology ID COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY; A VIRUSES; ORIGIN; HUMANS AB Chickens were intranasally inoculated with Chilean H7N3 avian influenza (AI) viruses of low pathogenicity (LP) (H7N3/LP), high pathogenicity (HP) (H7N3/HP), and a laboratory derivative (02-AI-15-#9) (H7N3/14D) from the LPAI virus to determine pathobiologic effects. All chickens inoculated with H7N3/HP AI virus became infected and abruptly died 2 or 3 days postinoculation, but a few showed moderate depression before death. The H7N3/HP AI virus produced focal hemorrhages of the comb, petechial hemorrhage at the esophageal-proventricular junction and proventricular mucosa, edema and congestion of the lung, petechiation of the spleen, and generalized decrease in body fat. Histologically, severe necrosis, hemorrhage, and inflammation were primarily identified in lungs and the lymphoid tissues. All tissues sampled from the H7N3/HP AI group were positive for the AI viral antigen, predominantly in endothelium of blood vessels throughout most tissues and less frequently in histiocytes and cellular debris of lymphoid tissues. Even less consistently, cardiac myocytes, hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, glandular epithelial cells, microglial cells, and neurons became infected. These studies suggest the Chilean H7N3/LP AI virus was poorly infectious for chickens and may have been recently introduced from a nongalliform host. By contrast, the H7N3/HP AI virus was highly infectious and lethal for chickens. The H7N3/HP AI virus had a strong tropism for the cardiovascular system, principally vascular endothelium, which is similar to the viral tropism demonstrated previously with other H5 and H7 HPAI viruses. Interestingly, the H7N3/LP AI virus on intravenous inoculation replicated in cardiac myocytes, a feature of HPAI and not LPAI viruses, which further supports the theory that the H7N3/LP AI virus was in transition from LP to HP. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Tuskegee Univ, Sch Vet Med, Tuskegee, AL 36083 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 27 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.1637/7080 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 812XH UT WOS:000220871700014 PM 15077805 ER PT J AU Lee, LF Bacon, LD Yoshida, S Yanagida, N Zhang, HM Witter, RL AF Lee, LF Bacon, LD Yoshida, S Yanagida, N Zhang, HM Witter, RL TI The efficacy of recombinant fowlpox vaccine protection against Marek's disease: Its dependence on chicken line and B haplotype SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE B haplotype; chicken lines; recombinant fowlpox vaccine; Marek's disease virus (MDV); MDV genes; vaccine immunity ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; GLYCOPROTEIN-B; DIFFERENT SEROTYPES; TURKEY HERPESVIRUS; RELATIVE EFFICACY; GENES; RESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION; SPECIFICITY; EXPRESSION AB Earlier studies have shown that the B haplotype has a significant influence on the protective efficacy of vaccines against Marek's disease (MD) and that the level of protection varies dependent on the serotype of MD virus (MDV) used in the vaccine. To determine if the protective glycoprotein gene gB is a basis for this association, we compared recombinant fowlpox virus (rFPV) containing a single gB gene from three serotypes of MDV. The rFPV were used to vaccinate 15.B; congenic lines. Nonvaccinated chickens from all three haplotypes had 84%-97% MD after challenge. The rFPV containing gB(1) provides better protection than rFPV containing gB(2) or gB(3) in all three B genotypes. Moreover, the gB proteins were critical, since the B*21/*21 chickens had better protection than chickens with B*13/*13 or B*5/*5 using rFPV with gB(1), gB(2), or gB(3). A newly described combined rFPV/gB(1)gEgIUL32 + HVT vaccine was analyzed in chickens of lines 15 X 7 (B*2/*15) and N (13*21/*21) challenged with two vv+ strains of MDV. There were line differences in protection by the vaccines and line N had better protection with the rFPV/gB(1)gEgIUL32 + HVT vaccines (92%-100%) following either MDV challenge, but protection was significantly lower in 15 X 7 chickens (35%) when compared with the vaccine CVI988/Rispens (94%) and 301BI + HVT (65%). Another experiment used four lines of chickens receiving the new rFPV + HVT vaccine or CVI988/Rispens and challenge with 648A MDV. The CVI 988/Rispens generally provided better protection in lines P and 15 X 7 and in one replicate with line TK. The combined rFPV/gB(1)gEgIUL32 + HVT vaccines protected line N chickens (90%) better than did CVI988/Rispens (73%). These data indicate that rFPV + HVT vaccines may provide protection against MD that is equivalent to or superior to CVI988/ Rispens in some chicken strains. It is not clear whether the rFPV/gB(1)gEgIUL32 + HVT vaccine will offer high levels of protection to commercial strains, but this vaccine, when used in line N chickens, may be a useful model to study interactions between vaccines and chicken genotypes and may thereby improve future MD vaccines. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Jicchi Med Sch, Minami Kawachi, Tochigi 3290498, Japan. Nippon Zeon Co Ltd, Tokyo 105, Japan. RP Lee, LF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1 BP 129 EP 137 DI 10.1637/7083 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 812XH UT WOS:000220871700015 PM 15077806 ER PT J AU Bates, C Hiett, KL Stern, NJ AF Bates, C Hiett, KL Stern, NJ TI Relationship of Campylobacter isolated from poultry and from darkling beetles in New Zealand SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; darlding beetle (Alphitobius diaperinus); epidemiology; DNA sequence analysis ID LESSER MEALWORM COLEOPTERA; ALPHITOBIUS-DIAPERINUS; RESERVOIR COMPETENCE; JEJUNI INFECTION; BROILER-CHICKENS; ENTERITIS; TENEBRIONIDAE; COLONIZATION; SALMONELLA; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE AB Campylobacter, a foodborne pathogen closely associated with poultry, is considered to be an important agent of human gastroenteritis in New Zealand. The pathways involved in the contamination of poultry flocks remain unclear; however, many vectors, such as insects, rodents, and wild birds, have been implicated. Infestation of poultry houses by insects, particularly darkling beetles (Alphitobius diaperinus), is difficult to control. Furthermore, darlding beetles are known vectors for a variety of pathogens that include Salmonella, infectious bursal disease virus, Aspergillus, Escherichia coli, and Marek's disease virus. In this investigation, the relationship between darkling beetles and Campylohacter contamination of poultry flocks was investigated. A New Zealand breeder flock and four of its progeny broiler flocks were included in the study. Samples of beetles and of intestinal excreta of the birds were cultured for the presence of Campylobacter spp. A subset of the recovered isolates was subsequently genotyped using flaA short variable region (SVR) DNA sequence analysis. A large number of Campylobacter subtypes were isolated, indicating that Campylobacter colonization of poultry is likely to arise from a number of different reservoirs. However, a set of genetically distinct isolates were found to be common to the broiler flocks and to the beetles. This research provides data that indicates that Alphitobius diaperinus may serve as a source of Campylobacter contamination of poultry. A more thorough understanding of the relationship between beetle infestation and the Campylohacter status of poultry flocks should enable progress in further development of biosecurity control measures. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Les With & Associates, Unit 3, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Hiett, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 38 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1 BP 138 EP 147 DI 10.1637/7082 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 812XH UT WOS:000220871700016 PM 15077807 ER PT J AU Gast, RK Mitchell, BW Holt, PS AF Gast, RK Mitchell, BW Holt, PS TI Detection of airborne Salmonella enteritidis in the environment of experimentally infected laying hens by an electrostatic sampling device SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Salmonella enteritidis; chickens; egg contamination; air; electrostatic sampling device ID NEGATIVE AIR IONIZATION; SPACE-CHARGE SYSTEM; PHAGE TYPE-4; FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION; HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION; HATCHING CABINETS; CONTAMINATED EGGS; YOLK ANTIBODIES; LAYER HOUSES; RISK-FACTORS AB Bacteriologic culturing of environmental samples taken from sources such as manure pits and egg belts has been the principal screening tool in programs for identifying commercial laying flocks that have been exposed to Salmonella enteritidis and are thus at risk to produce contaminated eggs. Because airborne dust and aerosols can carry bacteria, air sampling offers a potentially efficient and inexpensive alternative for detecting S. enteritidis in poultry house environments. In the present study, an electrostatic air sampling device was applied to detect S. enteritidis in a room containing experimentally infected, caged laying hens. After oral inoculation of hens with a phage type 13a S. enteritidis strain, air samples were collected onto agar plates with the electrostatic sampling device, an impaction air sampler, and by passive exposure to the settling of aerosols and dust. Even though the floor of the room was cleaned once per week (removing most manure, dust, and feathers), air samples were positive for S. enteritidis for up to 4 wk postinoculation. On the basis of both the number of S. enteritidis colonies observed on incubated agar plates and the frequency of positive results, the efficiency of the electrostatic device was significantly greater than that of the passive exposure plates (especially at short collection intervals) and was similar to that of the far more expensive impaction sampler. The electrostatic device, used for a 3-hr sampling interval, detected airborne S. enteritidis on 75% of agar plates over the 4 wk of the study. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Gast, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1 BP 148 EP 154 DI 10.1637/7086 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 812XH UT WOS:000220871700017 PM 15077808 ER PT J AU Holt, PS Gast, RK AF Holt, PS Gast, RK TI Effects of prior coinfection with different Salmonella serovars on the progression of a Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis infection in hens undergoing induced molt SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE induced molt; enteric infection; Salmonella enteritidis; competitive exclusion ID WHITE LEGHORN HENS; CHICKEN ALIMENTARY-TRACT; HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION; LAYING CHICKENS; FORCED MOLT; COLONIZATION; TYPHIMURIUM; PERFORMANCE; INHIBITION; MUTANT AB Four trials were conducted to evaluate whether prior infection with Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (S. typhimurium) or Salmonella enterica serovar muenchen (S. muenchen) would modify the severity or the transmission of Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (S. enteritidis) challenge in hens undergoing molt via feed withdrawal. Hens were separated into two groups where one group received a prior S. typhimurium or S. muenchen infection, whereas the other group remained untreated until S. enteritidis challenge. In trials 1 and 2, one group of hens was infected with S. typhimurium 5 days prior to feed withdrawal. Both groups of hens were then challenged with S. enteritidis on day 4 post feed withdrawal. In trials 3 and 4, one group of hens received S. typhimurium or S. muenchen, respectively, 1 day after feed was withdrawn. Transmission of S. enteritidis was evaluated by challenging the center hen in rows of 11 hens per row with S. enteritidis at 4 days post feed withdrawal and following the progression of the S. enteritidis down the row of hens over time. In trials 1 and 2, where hens received S. typhimurium 5 days prior to feed withdrawal, shedding of the S. enteritidis challenge was significantly reduced in hens on day 10 postchallenge in trial 1 and on days 3 and 10 postchallenge in trial 2 compared with the hens subjected only to the molt procedure. Significantly fewer S. enteritidis were recovered in livers and spleens at day 9 postchallenge in trial 2 from hens receiving the prior S. typhimurium infection. In trial 3, where hens received S. typhimurium 1 day after feed withdrawal, S. enteritidis transmission was significantly reduced in these hens on days 3, 10, and 24 postchallenge. In trial 4, similar in methodology to trial 3 except that, rather than S. typhimurium, hens received S. muenchen, a Salmonella organism totally lacking any antigen cross-reactive with S. enteritidis, S. enteritidis transmission was significantly reduced on days 3, 10, 17, and 24 postchallenge, suggesting that factors other than specific immunity were involved in the observed resistance to S. enteritidis infection. These results indicate that prior infection of a flock with a non-S. enteritidis pararyphoid Salmonella can reduce S. enteritidis problems that may occur during a molt. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Holt, PS (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1 BP 160 EP 166 DI 10.1637/7101 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 812XH UT WOS:000220871700019 PM 15077810 ER PT J AU Tumpey, TM Kapczynski, DR Swayne, DE AF Tumpey, TM Kapczynski, DR Swayne, DE TI Comparative susceptibility of chickens and turkeys to avian influenza A H7N2 virus infection and protective efficacy of a commercial avian influenza H7N2 virus vaccine SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian influenza H7N2; commercial vaccine; turkeys; immunology; veterinary virology ID LIVE BIRD MARKETS; SUBTYPES; DISEASE; DUCKS; H5; REPLICATION; EVOLUTION AB During the spring of 2002, a low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) A (H7N2) virus caused a major outbreak among commercial poultry in Virginia and adjacent states. The virus primarily affected turkey flocks, causing respiratory distress and decreased egg production. Experimentally, turkeys were more susceptible than chickens to H7N2 virus infection, with 50% bird infectious dose titers equal to 10(0.8) and 10(2.8-3.2), respectively. Comparison of virus shedding from the cloaca and oropharynx demonstrated that recent H7N2 virus isolates were readily isolated from the upper respiratory tract but rarely from the gastrointestinal tract. The outbreak of H7N2 virus raised concerns regarding the availability of vaccines that could be used for the prevention and control of this virus in poultry. We sought to determine if an existing commercial avian influenza (AI) vaccine prepared from a 1997 seed stock virus could provide protection against a 2002 LPAI H7N2 virus isolated from a turkey (A/turkey/Virginia/158512/02 [TV/02]) in Virginia that was from the same lineage as the vaccine virus. The inactivated AI vaccine, prepared from A/chicken/ Pennsylvania/21342/97 (CP/97) virus, significantly reduced viral shedding from vaccinated turkeys in comparison with sham controls but did not prevent infection. The protective effect of vaccination correlated with the level of virus-specific antibody because a second dose of vaccine increased antiviral serum immunoglobulin G and hernagglutination inhibition (HI) reactivity titers in two different turkey age groups. Serum from CP/97-vaccinated turkeys reacted equally well to CP/97 and TV/02 antigens by HI and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These results demonstrate the potential benefit of using an antigenically related 1997 H7N2 virus as a vaccine candidate for protection in poultry against a H7N2 virus isolate from 2002. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Tumpey, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 37 TC 81 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1 BP 167 EP 176 DI 10.1637/7103 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 812XH UT WOS:000220871700020 PM 15077811 ER PT J AU Nakamura, M Nagata, T Okamura, S Takehara, K Holt, PS AF Nakamura, M Nagata, T Okamura, S Takehara, K Holt, PS TI The effect of killed Salmonella enteritidis vaccine prior to induced molting on the shedding of S. enteritidis in laying hens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE bacterin; chicken; cecal dropping; oil adjuvant; S. enteritidis ID WHITE LEGHORN HENS; FEED WITHDRAWAL; INFECTION; CHICKENS; TRANSMISSION; SEVERITY AB Effects of administering killed Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (SE) vaccines to laying hens prior to induced molting on egg production and on shedding of SE were investigated. Forty hens were vaccinated with one of two SE vaccines available commercially in the United States and Japan. Twenty-five days after vaccination, feed was withdrawn for 2 wk from 20 vaccinated plus 10 unvaccinated hens to induce molt. Four days after molt induction, all hens were challenged with a dose of 2.4 x 10(9) of SE. For the 25 days following administration of the SE bacterins, egg production in vaccinated hens showed approximately a 15% decrease. After molt induction, egg production in molted hens ceased and then returned to normal levels 8 or 9 wk postvaccination. Through the 3-mo experimental period, the decreases in numbers of eggs laid in the unvaccinated/molted group and two vaccinated/molted groups were 225 (26.2%), 245 (28.4%), and 274 (31.9%), respectively, compared with 860 in the unvaccinated/unmolted group. There was no significant difference in egg lay at the P < 0.05 level among the former three groups. Hens in the vaccinated/molted groups shed about two logs less SE than hens in the unvaccinated/molted group 3-14 days postchallenge (P < 0.05 or 0.01). These results indicate that vaccination prior to induced molting might be effective in preventing the exacerbation of SE problems within flocks in which the potential for SE contamination may exist. C1 Kitasato Univ, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Lab Poultry Dis, Towada, Aomori 0348628, Japan. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Nakamura, M (reprint author), Kitasato Univ, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Lab Poultry Dis, Towada, Aomori 0348628, Japan. RI TAKEHARA, Kazuaki/C-2361-2013 OI TAKEHARA, Kazuaki/0000-0001-7205-7186 NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1 BP 183 EP 188 DI 10.1637/7040 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 812XH UT WOS:000220871700022 PM 15077813 ER PT J AU Peebles, ED Parker, TA Branton, SL Willeford, KO Jones, MS Gerard, PD Pharr, GT Maslin, WR AF Peebles, ED Parker, TA Branton, SL Willeford, KO Jones, MS Gerard, PD Pharr, GT Maslin, WR TI Effects of an S6 strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation before beginning of lay on the leukocytic characteristics of commercial layers SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE heterophils; leukocytes; lymphocytes; Mycoplasma gallisepticum; S6 ID F-STRAIN; CHICKENS; INFECTION; SALPINGITIS; CHALLENGE; RESPONSES; PATHOLOGY; ANTIBODY; SYNOVIAE; TURKEYS AB A clinical study was conducted on commercial layers housed in biological isolation units, within which exogenous stress factors potentially affecting bird performance were minimized. This set-Lip was devised in order to assess how a pre-lay inoculation of S6 strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum affects the leukocytic properties of laying chickens. Previous studies have demonstrated relative decreases in lymphocyte and relative increases in heterophil percentages in birds infected with other strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. However, current results showed that the differential percentages of lymphocytes were decreased, whereas those of heterophils were increased, in both sham-inoculated control birds and birds inoculated with S6 Mycoplasma gallisepticum between 19 and 26 wk of age. This study clearly shows that a pre-lay inoculation of S6 Mycoplasma gallisepticum alone had no apparent effect on the leukocyte profile of commercial layers housed in biological isolation units. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Expt Stat Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Peebles, ED (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1 BP 196 EP 201 DI 10.1637/7044 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 812XH UT WOS:000220871700024 PM 15077815 ER PT S AU Harrington, CA Roberts, SD Brodie, LC AF Harrington, CA Roberts, SD Brodie, LC BE Peterson, CE Maquire, DA TI Tree and understory responses to variable-density thinning in western Washington SO Balancing Ecosystem Values: Innovative Experiments for Sustainable Forestry SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Balancing Ecosystem Values CY AUG 15-20, 2004 CL Portland, OR DE tree growth; windthrow; implementation; new techniques AB The Olympic Habitat Development Study was initiated in 1994 to evaluate whether active management in 35- to 70-year-old stands could accelerate development of stand structures and plant and animal communities associated with late-successional forests. The study used a variable-density thinning prescription as the main tool to alter stand structure; the prescription entailed creating gaps and retaining uncut areas, and thinning the remaining forest matrix. We assessed tree damage (primarily windthrow) following thinning, 5-year tree growth, and 3-year vegetation development in control and thinned plots. Windthrow damage was minor in most plots, occurring primarily in stands with high height-to-diameter ratios and located in vulnerable topographic positions. Tree growth responded positively to thinning. In addition, tree growth differed spatially-trees near gaps or along skid trails had better-than-average growth whereas trees near uncut patches had poorer-than-average growth. Understory vegetation responded to thinning with increased percentage of cover and number of herbaceous species in thinned areas and in created gaps. Percentage of cover of mosses and liverworts was greatest in undisturbed areas. Early results indicate that the thinning is operationally feasible and demonstrate that the variable-density thinning increases spatial heterogeneity within the stands. C1 US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Harrington, CA (reprint author), US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 2004 VL 635 BP 97 EP 106 PG 10 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BCQ20 UT WOS:000230655100015 ER PT S AU Marshall, DD Curtis, RO AF Marshall, DD Curtis, RO BE Peterson, CE Maquire, DA TI Evaluation of silvicultural options for harvesting Douglas-fir young-growth production forests SO Balancing Ecosystem Values: Innovative Experiments for Sustainable Forestry SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Balancing Ecosystem Values CY AUG 15-20, 2004 CL Portland, OR DE silvicultural systems; multiple use; visual effects; landscape management; Pseudotsuga menziesii AB This report summarizes data from establishment of the Blue Ridge and Copper Ridge installations and 5-year growth information from Blue Ridge, which are part of the Silvicultural Options for Young-Growth Douglas-fir Forests study on the Capitol State Forest near Olympia, Washington. Six silvicultural regimes are compared: clearcut, two-age, patch cut, group selection, continued thinning on an extended rotation, and untreated control. The study aims to create widely different stand conditions and to evaluate them from the standpoints of timber production, costs, visual effects, and public acceptance. It is a cooperative effort of the Pacific Northwest Research Station of the USDA Forest Service, Washington Department of Natural Resources, University of Washington, University of Idaho and Oregon State University. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Marshall, DD (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 2004 VL 635 BP 119 EP 125 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BCQ20 UT WOS:000230655100017 ER PT S AU McClellan, MH Hennon, PE AF McClellan, MH Hennon, PE BE Peterson, CE Maquire, DA TI Maintaining old-growth features in forests used for wood production in southeast Alaska SO Balancing Ecosystem Values: Innovative Experiments for Sustainable Forestry SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Balancing Ecosystem Values CY AUG 15-20, 2004 CL Portland, OR DE silviculture; variable-retention harvesting; alternatives to clearcutting; old-growth forest; southeast Alaska ID SITKA SPRUCE STANDS; WESTERN HEMLOCK AB Clearcutting and even-aged management dominated the management of wood-producing forest land in southeast Alaska from the 1950s through the 1990s. Although well suited for wood production, from 1970 to the 1990s, this system came under increasing criticism for its effects on other forest values. To provide a range of scientifically tested silvicultural options, the USDA Forest Service Alaska Region and Pacific Northwest Research Station created a collaborative study of alternatives to clearcutting. The research included retrospective studies to provide early results and interim guidelines to managers and a long-term experimental study to provide greater scientific credibility and wider scope of inference. The experimental study has three blocks with nine operational-scale treatments each. The treatments include both even-age and uneven-age silvicultural systems and vary three factors: cutting intensity, spatial arrangement of retained trees, and patch size. Retrospective study results suggested that partial cutting can maintain diverse and abundant understory plant communities without reductions in stand value owing to species conversions, declining productivity, or increased levels of tree damage. Early results from the experimental study demonstrated the importance of the spatial pattern of retained trees. Tree injuries and mortality increased in treatments that included uniform individual-tree selection. Gap and aggregate treatments were far more effective at protecting retained live trees and snags. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP McClellan, MH (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 2004 VL 635 BP 127 EP 133 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BCQ20 UT WOS:000230655100018 ER PT S AU Spies, TA AF Spies, TA BE Peterson, CE Maquire, DA TI Scaling up from stands to landscapes SO BALANCING ECOSYSTEM VALUES: INNOVATIVE EXPERIMENTS FOR SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Balancing Ecosystem Values CY AUG 15-20, 2004 CL Portland, OR DE forest biodiversity; multi-ownership landscapes; spatial simulation models; Pacific Northwest ID COASTAL OREGON; PATTERNS; USA AB Stand-level experiments are critical to understanding the effects of innovative silvicultural practices on biological diversity. However, stand-level information is not sufficient to understand how management practices influence ecological, economic, or social outputs and outcomes. Landscape and regional studies are also needed, but experimental approaches are difficult to impossible at broad spatial scales. Consequently, other research approaches are needed at this scale, including modeling, retrospective studies, and monitoring of natural experiments. In this paper I examine some lessons learned from landscape-scale modeling studies that incorporate stand-level information. In particular, I focus on what we have teamed from the Coastal Landscape Analysis and Modeling Study (CLAMS) as it pertains to estimating the effects of different forest management practices on biological diversity and timber production across landscapes. The simulations indicate that ecological effects of stand-level practices at landscape scales are influenced by (1) area of treatment as proportion of total area; (2) environmental variation; (3) diversity of initial biotic conditions (including vegetation and animals); (4) species and ecosystem processes; (5) dispersal effects (6) rate of change and time frame of analysis; (7) stochastic processes, e.g., disturbance; and (8) management practices and patterns. Large multi-owner landscapes, where many of the above influences are important, pose significant technical and institutional challenges to implementing new approaches to balancing ecosystem values. Significant advances can be made if we can do a better job of coordinating and integrating different research approaches to address sustainability questions that span multiple spatial and temporal scales. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Spies, TA (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM tspies@fs.fed.us NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Northwest PY 2004 VL 635 BP 187 EP 190 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BCQ20 UT WOS:000230655100025 ER PT S AU Lytle, D AF Lytle, D BE Peterson, CE Maquire, DA TI Predicting the cumulative effects of forest management in a multi-ownership forest landscape SO Balancing Ecosystem Values: Innovative Experiments for Sustainable Forestry SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Balancing Ecosystem Values CY AUG 15-20, 2004 CL Portland, OR C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Lytle, D (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1831 Hwy,169 E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 2004 VL 635 BP 199 EP 199 PG 1 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BCQ20 UT WOS:000230655100027 ER PT S AU Carey, AB AF Carey, AB BE Peterson, CE Maquire, DA TI Active intentional management (AIM) for biodiversity and other forest values SO Balancing Ecosystem Values: Innovative Experiments for Sustainable Forestry SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Balancing Ecosystem Values CY AUG 15-20, 2004 CL Portland, OR DE biodiversity; northern spotted owl; northern flying squirrel; trurrles; keystone complex; mosaics ID PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; ABUNDANCE; CANOPIES; DENSITY; OREGON; YOUNG AB Comparisons of natural and managed forests suggest that neither single-species management nor conventional forestry is likely to successfully meet meeting broad and diverse conservation goals. Biocomplexity is important to ecosystem function and capacity to produce useful goods and services; biocomplexity includes much more than trees of different sizes, species diversity, and individual habitat elements. Managing multiple processes of forest development, not just providing selected structures, is necessary to restore biocomplexity and ecosystem function. Experiments in inducing heterogeneity into second-growth forest canopies not only support the importance of biocomplexity to various biotic communities including soil organisms, vascular plants, fungi, birds, small mammals, and vertebrate predators but also suggest management can promote biocomplexity. At the landscape scale, strategies emphasizing reserves and riparian corridors that do not take into account ecological restoration of second-growth forest ecosystems and degraded streams may be self-fulfilling prophecies of forest fragmentation and landscape dysfunction. Restoring landscape function entails restoring function to second-growth forest. Intentional management can reduce the need for wide riparian buffers, produce landscapes dominated by late-sera] stages that are hospitable to wildlife associated with old-growth forests, provide a sustained yield of forest products, and contribute to economic, social, and environmental sustainability. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Carey, AB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 2004 VL 635 BP 227 EP 234 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BCQ20 UT WOS:000230655100030 ER PT S AU Johnson, AC Musslewhite, J De Santo, TL Edwards, RT AF Johnson, AC Musslewhite, J De Santo, TL Edwards, RT BE Peterson, CE Maquire, DA TI Observed changes in ground saturation, aquatic invertebrate densities, and breeding bird populations following various harvesting intensities SO Balancing Ecosystem Values: Innovative Experiments for Sustainable Forestry SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Balancing Ecosystem Values CY AUG 15-20, 2004 CL Portland, OR DE forest management; ground saturation; aquatic ecology; forest passerine ecology ID WINTER WRENS; ALASKA; FORESTS; HABITATS; DETRITUS; STREAMS AB The effects of different harvest treatments on hillslope hydrology, avian populations, and aquatic invertebrates were examined as part of the southeast Alaska Alternatives to Clearcutting project (McClellan et al. 2000). Here, we summarize the response of hillslope soil hydrology, bird, and aquatic communities to the different cutting treatments. Through use of groundwater-monitoring wells, we found that soil saturation on hillslopes increased significantly with harvest intensity at one of two study locations following all cutting treatments. Increased soil saturation may decrease hillslope stability within the harvested area. Aquatic invertebrate drift densities had coefficients of variation between 50 and 85 percent before harvest. Because of such variation, no harvest treatment effect was detected. Headwater streams can be a significant source of aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates to downstream, fish-bearing reaches. However, detecting harvest effects will require greater replication to reduce variability and increase statistical power. Birds associated with large trees were more abundant in stands with higher tree retention at both study locations. Understory species reached maximum abundance at intermediate harvest levels at Hanus Bay but did not differ at Portage Bay. Alterations in sediment delivery or hydrologic response may change the pattern of sediment and woody debris storage and the functioning of aquatic and riparian avian communities further down the slope. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Johnson, AC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 2004 VL 635 BP 249 EP 256 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BCQ20 UT WOS:000230655100033 ER PT S AU Palik, BJ Kern, CC Mitchell, R Pecot, S AF Palik, BJ Kern, CC Mitchell, R Pecot, S BE Peterson, CE Maquire, DA TI Using spatially variable overstory retention to restore structural and compositional complexity in pine ecosystems SO Balancing Ecosystem Values: Innovative Experiments for Sustainable Forestry SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Balancing Ecosystem Values CY AUG 15-20, 2004 CL Portland, OR DE structural complexity; biological legacies; overstory retention; longleaf pine; red pine; regeneration; plant competition; productivity ID WOODLAND AB increasingly, forest managers incorporate overstory retention into silvicultural prescriptions for forests traditionally managed for single-cohort structure. The ecological benefits of retention may come at the cost of reduced growth of tree regeneration because of competition with residual trees. An important question in retention research, and its application, is how spatial pattern of retention (e.g., dispersed, aggregate) influences resource availability and heterogeneity, competitive environments, and regeneration dynamics. Recently, we initiated two operational-scale experiments in pine ecosystems (longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Miller) in southern Georgia, USA and red pine (Pinus resinosa Aiton) in northern Minnesota, USA) to address questions about the influence of retention pattern on resource availability and tree regeneration. These experiments address the hypothesis that resource availability at the stand scale will be highest with aggregate retention rather than dispersed retention because of nonlinear relationships between competitor abundance and target plant response. In both studies, our goal is to test approaches for restoring age diversity in single-cohort stands, while minimizing competitive inhibition of the new cohort. Our initial results show clearly that spatial pattern of retention has a significant effect on stand-scale resource availability and regeneration growth. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Palik, BJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 2004 VL 635 BP 285 EP 290 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BCQ20 UT WOS:000230655100038 ER PT S AU Stalling, CM AF Stalling, CM BE Peterson, CE Maquire, DA TI A collaborative approach to forest management: Using a landscape-level dynamic simulation model as a tool to enhance communication among diverse landowners SO Balancing Ecosystem Values: Innovative Experiments for Sustainable Forestry SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Balancing Ecosystem Values CY AUG 15-20, 2004 CL Portland, OR DE landscape; simulation model; collaboration; communication; management AB Forest management tools have evolved from stand-level, silvicultural applications to increasingly diverse tools addressing multiple scales of analyses and disciplines. Given the complexity of these multiple scales, successful communication across all ownerships is necessary for effective land management applications. In this study, the utility of using the landscape dynamic simulation model SIMPPLLE (SIMulating Patterns and Processes at Landscape scaLEs) is tested as a science communication tool emphasizing social values in a collaborative approach to fuels management. Landowners and stake-holders in the Swan Valley, northwestern Montana, will participate in workshops focusing on the use of modeling to help visualize the effects of management activities on the Swan Valley landscape, both spatially and temporally. Methods of integrating and communicating ecological, social, and economic principles associated with the landscape will be applied using the SIMPPLLE model in conjunction with support from the Swan Ecosystem Center (SEC). The SEC is a nonprofit citizen's organization whose mission is to maintain their community by focusing on partnerships that encourage sustainable use and care of public and private lands in the Swan Valley. The "Upper Swan Valley Landscape Assessment," coordinated by SEC, serves as a guide to sound stewardship plans in the Swan Valley and will be used to provide information for model exercises. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Stalling, CM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 2004 VL 635 BP 309 EP 313 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BCQ20 UT WOS:000230655100042 ER PT S AU Youngblood, A Metlen, KL Knapp, EE Outcalt, KW Stephens, SL Waldrop, TA Yaussy, D AF Youngblood, A Metlen, KL Knapp, EE Outcalt, KW Stephens, SL Waldrop, TA Yaussy, D BE Peterson, CE Maquire, DA TI Implementation of the fire and fire surrogate study - A national research effort to evaluate the consequences of fuel reduction treatments SO BALANCING ECOSYSTEM VALUES: INNOVATIVE EXPERIMENTS FOR SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Balancing Ecosystem Values CY AUG 15-20, 2004 CL Portland, OR DE Fire and Fire Surrogate study; fuel reduction; overstory-understory interactions; meta-analysis ID MOUNTAINS; PIEDMONT; HISTORY; USA AB Many fire-dependent forests today are denser, contain fewer large trees, have higher fuel loads, and greater fuel continuity than occurred under historical fire regimes. These conditions increase the probability of unnaturally severe wildfires. Silviculturists are increasingly being asked to design fuel reduction treatments to help protect existing and future forest structures from severe, damaging, and expensive wildfires. The consequences of replacing the historical role of fire with fuel reduction treatments, such as underburning with prescribed fire, cutting with mechanized equipment like a feller-buncher, or a combination of both, remain largely unknown and require innovative operational-scale experiments for improved understanding. The Fire and Fire Surrogate (FFS) study is a large manipulative experiment designed by an interdisciplinary team of federal agency and academic researchers to address ecological processes, economic viability, and operational consequences of different fuel reduction treatments. Replicated at 13 installations on federal and state lands extending from the eastern Cascade Range in Washington to the southern coastal plain in Florida, this study is likely the largest operational-scale experiment ever funded to test silvicultural treatments designed to balance ecological and economic objectives for sustaining healthy forests. This paper describes the study objectives and research approach, provides a status of work at the different sites, and presents initial results of changes in stand structure and related understory vegetation as an example of the broad comparisons that this study allows. These initial among-site comparisons highlight the potential value of network-wide meta-analyses for determining the scale at which common themes emerge. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Youngblood, A (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM ayoungblood@fs.fed.us NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Northwest PY 2004 VL 635 BP 315 EP 321 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BCQ20 UT WOS:000230655100043 ER PT J AU Derner, JD Tischler, CR Polley, HW Johnson, HB AF Derner, JD Tischler, CR Polley, HW Johnson, HB TI Intergenerational above- and belowground responses of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to elevated CO2 SO BASIC AND APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE C-3 plant; carbon dioxide; physiological tradeoffs; relative enhancement; root responses; vegetative vs. reproductive growth ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SOIL-WATER; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GROWTH-RESPONSES; YIELD RESPONSES; GLOBAL CHANGE; PLANT-GROWTH; ENRICHMENT; CROP AB We quantified intergenerational above- and belowground responses of two genotypes of semi-dwarf, hard red, spring wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) to elevated (700 mumol mol(-1)) CO2. These plants were progeny of seeds produced from previous generation plants grown at elevated CO2 under well-watered and high nutrient conditions. Because neither genotype in the first generation exhibited enhanced performance with CO2 enrichment, our objective in this investigation was to assess if exposure to CO2 enrichment in subsequent generations resulted in temporal changes in the relative enhancement (elevated/ambient) of above- and belowground plant growth. Relative enhancement occurred in both the second and third generations for both above- and belowground variables. Above- and belowground variables were enhanced by similar relative amounts at elevated CO2 within a generation at each harvest date. Relative enhancement of measured variables was gen-erally greater in the third than second generation when plants were in the seedling or vegetative stage, but not when plants were reproductive. Additional research is needed to investigate physiological or other limitations of translating above- and belowground responses to CO2 in vegetative growth stages to reproductive performance. Intergenerational above- and belowground responses of this C-3 annual plant to CO2 enrichment are not driven by genetic change (selection) that occurred between generations, but rather CO2-induced changes in seeds that affected seedling responses to CO2 enrichment. C1 USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Derner, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM jderner@npa.ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1439-1791 J9 BASIC APPL ECOL JI Basic Appl. Ecol. PY 2004 VL 5 IS 2 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1078/1439-1791-00217 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 818IE UT WOS:000221238000005 ER PT J AU Tracy, BF Renne, IJ Gerrish, J Sanderson, MA AF Tracy, BF Renne, IJ Gerrish, J Sanderson, MA TI Effects of plant diversity on invasion of weed species in experimental pasture communities SO BASIC AND APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE weed invasion; soil seed bank; plant diversity; grazing; pastures ID FORAGE GRASS; ECOSYSTEM; BIODIVERSITY; PRODUCTIVITY; INVASIBILITY; MANAGEMENT; RESISTANCE; EVENNESS AB Studies have shown that weed invasion into grasslands may be suppressed if the resident plant community is sufficiently diverse. The objective of this study was to determine whether increased forage plant diversity in grazed pasture communities might be associated with reduced weed abundance both in the aboveground vegetation and soil seed bank. Data were collected from a pasture experiment established in 1994 in Missouri, USA. The experiment consisted of 15 m x 15 m plots sown with Festuca arundinacea Schreb. or Bromus inermis Leysser as a base species in mixtures of 1, 2, 3, 6, or 8 forage species. The plots were grazed by cattle during each growing season from 1998 to 2002. Aboveground plant species composition in each plot was measured using a point step method. Soil cores were collected in 1999 and 2002, and the species composition of germinable weed seeds in plots were evaluated by identifying seedlings as they germinated over an 8-week period. Species diversity was measured using several indices: species richness (S), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), and forage species evenness (J). Aboveground weed abundance in plots was unrelated to forage species richness (S), but weed abundance declined as the evenness (J) of resident forage species increased in mixtures. The species composition of mixtures may have affected weed abundance. Weeds both in the soil seed bank and aboveground vegetation were less abundant in mixtures that contained F. arundinacea compared with mixtures that contained B. inermis. Although variables like forage plant productivity may also suppress weed abundance in pastures, our resuits suggest that maintaining an evenly distributed mixture of forage species may help suppress weeds as well. (C) 2004 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Grazinglands Consultant, May, ID USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. RP Tracy, BF (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM bftracy@uiuc.edu NR 22 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 19 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1439-1791 J9 BASIC APPL ECOL JI Basic Appl. Ecol. PY 2004 VL 5 IS 6 BP 543 EP 550 DI 10.1016/j.baae.2004.08.007 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 894XK UT WOS:000226824700007 ER PT J AU Gerson, EA Kelsey, RG AF Gerson, EA Kelsey, RG TI Piperidine alkaloids in North American Pinus taxa: implications for chemosystematics SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 2,6-disubstituted piperidine alkaloids; biosynthesis; chemotaxonomy; Pinaceae systematics; water stress ID PONDEROSA; SOUTHWEST; NITROGEN; SPRUCE AB Foliage samples from 10 taxa of the genus Pinus occurring in Mexico and the southwestern US were extracted for piperidine alkaloids. Eight (P. cembroides, P. durangensis, P. engehmannii, P. leiophylla, P. leiophylla var. chihuahuana, P. lumholtzii, P. monophylla, and P. ponderosa) contained alkaloids; only a trace was detected in P. ponderosa var. arizonica; and no alkaloids were found in P. discolor. Relative concentrations of the two end products of piperidine synthesis were consistent among taxa within subsections: the Leiophyllae produced euphococcinine exclusively; the Ponderosae produced primarily pinidine; and the Cembroides produced appreciable quantities of both. Alkaloid profiles of P. leiophylla and P. l. chihuahuana were very similar, and in agreement with classification of chihuahuana as a variety of P. leiophylla. Among the Ponderosae, P. p. arizonica was unique in its lack of alkaloids, suggesting species-level distinction from P. ponderosa may be appropriate. The absence of alkaloids in P. discolor, contrary to its close relative P. cembroides, provides further evidence towards designation as a separate species. Alkaloids in a subset of seedlings subjected to water stress did not differ from controls. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kelsey, RG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rkelsey@fs.fed.us NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-1978 J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 1 BP 63 EP 74 DI 10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00174-1 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 764CU UT WOS:000188182600007 ER PT J AU Miller, KB Newman, SM Caton, JS Finley, JW AF Miller, KB Newman, SM Caton, JS Finley, JW TI Manganese alters mitochodrial integrity in the hearts of swine marginally deficient in magnesium SO BIOFACTORS LA English DT Article DE manganese; magnesium; heart; swine; mitochondria ID SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; BABY PIG; MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION; DIETARY MANGANESE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; CALCIUM; TRANSPORT; REQUIREMENT; BALANCE; DISEASE AB It was previously reported that pigs marginally deficient in magnesium (Mg) and fed diets high in manganese (Mn) died suddenly with signs of sudden cardiac death. Manganese, which has properties similar to Mg, may exacerbate Mg-deficiency and be accumulated by mitochondria resulting in ultrastructural damage. The objective of this study was to determine whether deaths of the type previously observed were mediated by adverse interactions of Mn and Mg resulting in ultrastructural damage to the myocardium, alterations in electrocardiographic recordings and tissue retention of Mn, Mg and calcium (Ca). Forty-eight pigs were fed one of six diets in a 2 X 3 factorial arrangement of Mg (100 or 1000 mg Mg/kg) and Mn (5, 50 or 500 mg Mn/kg) for 8 weeks. Left ventricle muscle samples were collected for examination by transmission electron microscopy. No differences in heart muscle ultrastructure were observed between pigs fed low and adequate dietary Mg. However, marked myocardial necrosis and mitochondrial swelling were observed in pigs fed high dietary Mn when combined with low Mg. Feeding low dietary Mg elevated minimum (P < 0.01), maximum (P < 0.05) and average (P < 0.001) heart rates. Low dietary Mg resulted in a 55% probability of a ventricular beat being recorded (P = 0.05) and lower Mg (P < 0.02) and Ca (P < 0.04) contents in heart atria and ventricles. These results suggest that high Mn, when fed in combination with low Mg, disrupts mitochondrial ultrastructure and is associated with the sudden deaths previously reported. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Finley, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM jfinley@gthnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0951-6433 J9 BIOFACTORS JI Biofactors PY 2004 VL 20 IS 2 BP 85 EP 96 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 871BM UT WOS:000225104300003 PM 15322332 ER PT J AU Nielsen, FH AF Nielsen, FH TI Dietary fat composition modifies the effect of boron on bone characteristics and plasma lipids in rats SO BIOFACTORS LA English DT Article DE boron; bone; trace elements; lipids; omega-3 fatty acids ID MINERAL METABOLISM; STRENGTH; ACID; SUPPLEMENTATION; CHOLECALCIFEROL; OVARIECTOMY; MAGNESIUM; ESTROGEN; CALCIUM; CHICKS AB Female and male rats weighing about 170 g and 200 g, respectively, were fed diets (similar to70 mug boron/kg) in a factorial arrangement with supplemental boron at 0 (deficient) and 3 (adequate) mg/kg and canola oil or palm oil at 75 g/kg of diet as variables. After 5 weeks, six females in each treatment were bred. Dams and pups continued on their respective dietary treatments through gestation, lactation and post-weaning. Thirteen weeks after weaning, plasma and bones were collected from 12 male and 12 female offspring in each treatment. Boron supplementation increased femur strength measured by the breaking variable bending moment; tibial calcium and phosphorus concentrations; and plasma alkaline phosphatase. Femur breaking stress was greatest in boron-supplemented rats fed canola oil, and lowest in boron-deprived females fed canola oil; this group also exhibited the lowest femur bending moment. Minerals associated with bone organic matrix, zinc and potassium, were increased by boron supplementation in tibia. Plasma phospholipids were decreased by boron deprivation in females, but not males. Plasma cholesterol was decreased in boron-supplemented males by replacing canola oil with palm oil. The findings suggest that a diet high in omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid promotes femur strength best when the dietary boron is adequate. C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Nielsen, FH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM fnielsen@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0951-6433 J9 BIOFACTORS JI Biofactors PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 161 EP 171 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 890DT UT WOS:000226492600005 PM 15665386 ER PT J AU Hofmann, NE Raja, R Nelson, RL Korban, SS AF Hofmann, NE Raja, R Nelson, RL Korban, SS TI Mutagenesis of embryogenic cultures of soybean and detecting polymorphisms using RAPD markers SO BIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE chemical mutagenesis; Glycine max; molecular markers; somatic embryogenesis ID MICROPROPAGATED PLANTS; MUTANTS; GROWTH; TISSUE; CELLS AB Embryogenic suspension cultures of soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Iroquois) were subjected to mutagenesis using varying concentrations (1, 3, 10, and 30 mM) of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). Depending on the concentration of EMS used, the mean survival rate of embryogenic cultures decreased from 74% (1 mM EMS) to 43 % after 30 mM EMS treatment. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to determine whether induction of genetic variability in embryogenic cultures in response to the different EMS treatments may result in identification of polymorphic markers. Two of 35 'core' primers tested revealed polymorphisms. One of the primers, OPO-01/1150, revealed polymorphism in tissue treated with 10 mM EMS, while the other primer, OPO-05/1200, revealed polymorphism in tissue treated with either 1 or 30 mM EMS. These results suggest that RAPD markers are useful in detecting mutations in embryogenic cultures of soybean. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Korban, SS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1201 W Gregory, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM korban@uiuc.edu NR 20 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3134 J9 BIOL PLANTARUM JI Biol. Plant. PY 2004 VL 48 IS 2 BP 173 EP 177 DI 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000033441.46242.94 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 833NS UT WOS:000222345200003 ER PT J AU Judova, J Sutka, R Klaudiny, J Liskova, D Ow, DW Simuth, J AF Judova, J Sutka, R Klaudiny, J Liskova, D Ow, DW Simuth, J TI Transformation of tobacco plants with cDNA encoding honeybee royal jelly MRJP1 SO BIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE Agrobacterium tumefaciens; major royal jelly protein; Nicotiana tabacum; recombinant protein; transgenic plant ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ABUNDANT PROTEIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; FAMILY; PROMOTERS; CLONING; SATIVA; TISSUE; CELLS AB For expression of MRJP1 - the most abundant protein of honeybee royal jelly - in plants, plasmid carrying the expression cassette composed of CaMV 35S RNA promoter, cDNA encoding MRJP1 with its native signal peptide, and nos3' as transcription terminator in binary vector pBin19 was prepared. The plasmid was introduced into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Wi38) plants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Transgenic F-1 and F-2 generation was grown from the seeds of the primary obtained transgenic tobacco plants. Immunoblot analyses of protein leaf extracts from transgenic plants showed expression of MRJP1. C1 Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Chem, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia. USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Simuth, J (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Dubravska Cesta 9, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia. EM chemsim@savba.sk NR 39 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3134 J9 BIOL PLANTARUM JI Biol. Plant. PY 2004 VL 48 IS 2 BP 185 EP 191 DI 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000033443.60872.f1 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 833NS UT WOS:000222345200005 ER PT S AU Coltell, O Arregui, M Parnell, L Corella, D Chalmeta, R Ordovas, JM AF Coltell, O Arregui, M Parnell, L Corella, D Chalmeta, R Ordovas, JM BE Barreiro, JM MartinSanchez, F Maojo, V Sanz, F TI SEQPACKER: A biologist-friendly user interface to manipulate nucleotide sequences in genomic epidemiology SO BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL DATA ANALYSIS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Biological and Medical Data Analysis (ISBMDA) CY NOV 18, 2004 CL Barcelona, SPAIN DE bioinformatics tool; visual editor for DNA sequences; nucleotide representation standards; JAVA stand-alone interface; Genomic Epidemiology research support ID SOFTWARE; TOOL AB The aim of this paper is to present a new integrated bioinformatics tool for manipulating nucleotide sequences with a user-friendly graphical interface. This tool is named "SeqPacker" because it uses DNA/RNA sequences. In addition, SeqPacker can be seen as a kind of nucleotide chain editor using standardized technologies, nucleotide representation standards, and high platform portability in support of research in Genomic Epidemiology. SeqPacker is written in JAVA as free and stand-alone software for several computer platforms. C1 Univ Jaume 1, IRIS, Syst Integrat & Reengn Res Grp, Castellon 12071, Spain. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genet Lab, NUTRIGEN, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Valencia, EPIGEM, Genomic & Mol Epidemiol Unit, Valencia 46009, Spain. RP Coltell, O (reprint author), Univ Jaume 1, IRIS, Syst Integrat & Reengn Res Grp, Avda Vicent Sos Baynat S-N, Castellon 12071, Spain. EM coltell@lsi.uji.es; marregui@sg.uji.es; Larry.Parnell@tufts.edu; dolores.corella@uv.es; rchalmet@lsi.uji.es; Jose.Ordovas@tufts.edu RI chalmeta, ricardo/I-6500-2015; OI chalmeta, ricardo/0000-0001-5490-7802; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-23964-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3337 BP 368 EP 377 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Medical Informatics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BBM23 UT WOS:000226129700037 ER PT J AU Yourman, LF Luster, DG AF Yourman, LF Luster, DG TI Generation of molecular markers for the identification of isolates of Puccinia jaceae, a potential biological control agent of yellow starthistle SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Puccinia jaceae; Centaurea solstitialis; yellow starthistle; rust fungus; urediniospores; biological control; invasive plants; AFLP; simple sequence repeat primers ID SPECIES ATTACKING CARDUEAE; KNAPWEED CENTAUREA-DIFFUSA; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; P-ACROPTILI; RUST FUNGI; SOLSTITIALIS; GERMINATION; WEEDS AB Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.) (YST) is an important invasive plant that infests millions of hectares in the western USA and Canada. Isolates of the exotic rust fungus Puccinia jaceae have been evaluated as a potential biological control for YST. The objectives of this study were to characterize isolates of P. jaceae by amplified fragment length polymorphic (AFLP) DNA analysis and to develop primers that will allow the identification and monitoring of isolates. AFLP analysis indicated that Eurasian isolates of P. jaceae from different hosts exhibited unique fingerprint patterns primarily based on host/pathogenicity preference. Overall similarities in AFLP profiles of isolates of P. jaceae ranged from 68.1 to 94.6%. The three isolates originally collected from YST clustered with similarities of 87.3-94.6%. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers were screened for fragments unique to P. jaceae pathogens of YST. Two primers, (GACA)(4) and (ACG)(5), produced 1170 and 912-bp fragments, respectively, in three isolates of P. jaceae var. solstitialis. The fragments were sequenced, and primers were designed and tested with isolates of Puccinia spp. and accessions of Centaurea spp. Primers from the GACA repeat amplified a 1091-bp product only with the three isolates of P. jaceae that infect YST. Primers from the ACG repeat amplified a 851-bp product with the same three P. jaceae var. solstitialis isolates, and an isolate collected from Centaurea maculosa, which is a weak pathogen of YST. These primers will be useful for monitoring isolates that may be released in future field trials to manage YST populations. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Luster, DG (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JAN PY 2004 VL 29 IS 1 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1016/S1049-9644(03)00128-2 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 757QC UT WOS:000187572100009 ER PT J AU Martin, PAW AF Martin, PAW TI A freeze-dried diet to test pathogens of Colorado potato beetle SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE entomopathogens; microbial control; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Photorhabdus luminescens; Serratia marcescens; Bacillus thuringiensis; Chromobacternan sp.; bioassay ID CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; TOXICITY; PROTEIN AB The Colorado potato beetle is an important pest on potato, eggplant, and tomato. Because Colorado potato beetles develop resistance to insecticides quickly, new methods are needed for control. Bacillus thuringiensis is the only bacterium to successfully control Colorado potato beetle. Until recently, one of the drawbacks to testing bacteria against the Colorado potato beetle has been the lack of an artificial diet for screening. Previous artificial diets will only be consumed by Colorado potato beetle larvae when fresh. To improve storage, we developed a freeze-dried diet, based on a 96-well plate, suitable to feed larvae for the duration of a bioassay. Individual diet components were tested both for their effect on insect growth and on pathogen toxicity. When the preservatives, methylparaben and sorbic acid, were removed from the diet, the average weight of second instar larvae increased from 7.9 mg to greater than 9.8 mg. The preservatives inhibited the growth of two of the bacteria tested, Photorhabdus luminescens HM and Chromobacterium sp. PRAA. The removal of these preservatives also allowed for fungal growth and reduced survival from 94 to 38%. Removing diet preservatives, that inhibited the growth of Chromobacterium sp. PRAA, increased the total mortality of the larvae as well as reducing the time needed to kill 50% of the larvae. Compared to incorporation of bacteria into molten diet, the total mortality of Colorado potato beetle fed either P. luminescens HM or Chromobacterium sp. PRAA on freeze-dried diet doubled. Preparation of freeze-dried diet need not be synchronized with the insect or the pathogen. The freeze-dried diet gave consistent results as measured by low control mortality and pathogen toxicity over time. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Martin, PAW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, 10300 Balimore Ave,Bldg 306,Rm 309,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JAN PY 2004 VL 29 IS 1 BP 109 EP 114 DI 10.1016/S1049-9644(03)00125-7 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 757QC UT WOS:000187572100013 ER PT J AU Morrison, LW Porter, SD Daniels, E Korzukhin, MD AF Morrison, LW Porter, SD Daniels, E Korzukhin, MD TI Potential global range expansion of the invasive fire ant, Solenopsis invicta SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Formicidae; geographical distribution; global range expansion; invasion; modeling; Solenopsis invicta; Solenopsis richteri ID DESICCATION RESISTANCE; ARTHROPOD-COMMUNITY; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; NATIVE ANTS; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; MODEL; ANAPHYLAXIS; TEMPERATURE; AMERICA AB The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, is an invasive pest that has become widespread in the southern United States and Caribbean after introduction from South America in the 1930s. This species, which has diverse detrimental impacts on recipient communities, was recently discovered in Australia and New Zealand and has the potential to colonize numerous other regions. We used a dynamic, ecophysiological model of colony growth to predict the potential global range expansion of this invasive species. Based on minimum and maximum daily temperatures, the model estimates colony alate production and predicts future geographic range limits. Because S. invicta populations are limited by and conditions as well as cold temperatures, we superimposed precipitation data upon temperature-based predictions, to identify regions that do not receive enough rainfall to support this species across the landscape. Many areas around the globe, including large portions of Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and numerous island nations, are at risk for S. invicta infestation. Quarantine officials should be vigilant for any accidental introductions of this pest in susceptible regions. Costs of eradication increase dramatically as the area of infestation grows, and large infestations may be impossible to eradicate. Other South American Solenopsis fire ants (e.g., S. richteri Forel) may become invasive if the opportunity arises, and our predictions for S. invicta may approximate the potential range limits for these species as well. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Inst Global Climate & Ecol, Moscow 107258, Russia. RP Morrison, LW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM lmorrison@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu RI Morrison, Lloyd/A-8949-2013 OI Morrison, Lloyd/0000-0002-9375-843X NR 58 TC 110 Z9 133 U1 5 U2 61 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PY 2004 VL 6 IS 2 BP 183 EP 191 DI 10.1023/B:BINV.0000022135.96042.90 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 818OT UT WOS:000221255100006 ER PT B AU Graybosch, RA AF Graybosch, RA BE Werner, D TI Potential for gene flow from cultivated wheat to weedy relatives in the Great Plains of North America SO BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES AND MIGRATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference/OECD Workshop on Biological Resources and Migration CY OCT 05-08, 2003 CL Philipps Univ, Marburg, GERMANY SP OECD Co-Operat Res Programme Biol Resources Management, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Ursula Kuhlmann Fonds, Marburger Univ HO Philipps Univ ID GOATGRASS AEGILOPS-CYLINDRICA; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; HYBRIDIZATION; RYE C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Graybosch, RA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 344 Keim,E Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-21470-4 PY 2004 BP 27 EP 34 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Biology; Plant Sciences; Microbiology SC Agriculture; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Plant Sciences; Microbiology GA BAS30 UT WOS:000223347700003 ER PT B AU Vogel, KP AF Vogel, KP BE Werner, D TI Humans, climate, and plants: the migration of crested wheatgrass and smooth bromegrass to the Great Plains of North America SO BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES AND MIGRATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference/OECD Workshop on Biological Resources and Migration CY OCT 05-08, 2003 CL Philipps Univ, Marburg, GERMANY SP OECD Co-Operat Res Programme Biol Resources Management, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Ursula Kuhlmann Fonds, Marburger Univ HO Philipps Univ ID NATIVE RANGELANDS; BROMUS-INERMIS; GRASS; SOIL AB The cultivation practices that were used in Europe and the eastern half of North America were utilized in the initial settlement of the Great Plains. Unfamiliarity with the climate of the Great Plains and Midwest and insufficient knowledge and technology to adapt crop production systems to the soils and climate lead to a major agriculture disaster which resulted in millions of hectares of land that needed to be re-seeded to grasses. Unrestricted grazing on public lands in the intermountain west resulted in severe rangeland degradation. Lack of knowledge and technology for using native plants and some specific characteristics of native plants that made them difficult to use resulted in the use of crested wheatgrasses and smooth bromegrass which had characteristics that met specific revegetation and production requirements. Crested wheatgrass and smooth bromegrass plant materials were from regions that were climatic analogs of the Great Plains and were adapted. These two grasses literally preserved the remaining top soil on millions of hectares of land. In the subsequent half-century, agronomist, geneticists, and rangeland scientists have learned how to establish and manage native grasses such as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] and others so they are now available for use in revegetation. Although native grasses are available for use in the Great Plains and the Midwest of North America, crested wheatgrass and smooth bromegrass are now naturalized North American species and will continue to be vital to the economy of the USA and Canada. Their forage production patterns fits gaps in the forage production cycle for ruminant livestock that cannot be adequately met by native species in regions where bromegrass and crested wheatgrasses are well adapted. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Vogel, KP (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 344 Kleim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-21470-4 PY 2004 BP 35 EP 45 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Biology; Plant Sciences; Microbiology SC Agriculture; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Plant Sciences; Microbiology GA BAS30 UT WOS:000223347700004 ER PT B AU Carter, TE Hymowitz, T Nelson, RL AF Carter, TE Hymowitz, T Nelson, RL BE Werner, D TI Biogeography, local adaptation, vavilov, and genetic diversity in soybean SO BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES AND MIGRATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference/OECD Workshop on Biological Resources and Migration CY OCT 05-08, 2003 CL Philipps Univ, Marburg, GERMANY SP OECD Co-Operat Res Programme Biol Resources Management, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Ursula Kuhlmann Fonds, Marburger Univ HO Philipps Univ ID CULTIVARS; CHINESE; COEFFICIENT; PARENTAGE; PATTERNS; BASE AB It is the purpose of this paper to illustrate the impact of geography, climate, and humankind in shaping the present-day genetic diversity in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Examination of soybean germplasm collections around the globe reveals that an enormous phenotypic range in genetic traits exists in soybean, which is well beyond the phenotypic range observed in the wild progenitor (Glycine soja Seib. et Zucc.). Maturity date, seed coat color, plant height, seed size, and seed yield are noted examples of traits which have a wider phenotypic range in G. max than in the wild G. soja. The diversity found in domesticated soybean is the result of over 3,000 years of cultivation in which Chinese farmers selected more than 20,000 landraces (defined as cultivars that predate scientific breeding). The extensive range in phenotype embodied in landraces today is the result of the slow spread of soybean throughout geographically diverse Asia (China first, then Korea and Japan), the continual occurrence of natural mutations in the crop, and both conscious and unconscious selection for local adaptation. The more recent spread of soybean out of Asia in the past 250 years, coupled with modem breeding efforts of the past 70, has intensified and globalized the process of local adaptation and increased the phenotypic range in soybean beyond that of landraces. The increased range in phenotype for modem cultivars includes increases in seed yield, elevation of seed protein/oil concentration, and development, only within the past 20 years, of commercial cultivars that are sufficiently tall and adapted to be grown profitably near the equator. The phenotypic range and distribution observed in modem cultivars and antecedent landraces have clear biogeographical interpretations which relate primarily to genetic alteration of photoperiod response (a prerequisite to adaptation to diverse latitudes) and tolerance to climate extremes. Although the phenotypic range in genetic traits has been expanded in modem soybean through global dispersal and genetic recombination, it is perhaps surprising that that these factors have not had a corresponding positive impact on genetic diversity of modem breeding programs outide of China.. Genetic diveresity in breeding programs is important as a concept, because it is a measure of the potential of a country to develop new and substantially improved cultivars. For the purposes of this paper, genetic diversity in breeding programs is defined, as genetic variation among cultivars found within a particular country or country subregion. Empirical analysis of DNA marker and pedigree diversity in modem cultivars indicates that diversity is greatest in cultivars developed in China, less in Japan and least in North America. Phenotypic analysis of modem Chinese and North American cultivars follows the same pattern of diversity. Pedigree analyses of Latin American breeding programs, although incomplete, show that these programs are derived primarily from a subset of North American breeding stock and are, thus, likely to be less diverse than the North American breeding program. Decreased diversity of cultivars outside of China was also correlated with a reduction in the number of founding stock used to establish the breeding programs from which the cultivars arose. Although conscious breeding choices, the high economic costs of breeding, and historical factors can be used to explain the reduced diversity in breeding programs outside of China vs. within, it is important to note that these results, obtained from modem breeding programs, are consistent with (1) Vavilov's principle of crop domestication, which states that genetic diversity will be greatest at the center of domestication (China in the case of soybean), and (2) the concept of Darwinian genetic drift which can be used to infer that genetic relatedness or uniformity will increase within breeding populations that are derived from relatively few founding members. A precaution gleaned from the observed trend in diversity is that all soybean breeding programs outside China, regardless of the phenotypic superiority of their genetic breeding materials, should be examined to determine the adequacy of genetic diversity. The impact of the transgenic glyphosate resistance on genetic diversity in soybean is assessed briefly. C1 USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Carter, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-21470-4 PY 2004 BP 47 EP 59 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Biology; Plant Sciences; Microbiology SC Agriculture; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Plant Sciences; Microbiology GA BAS30 UT WOS:000223347700005 ER PT J AU Vallet, JL Christenson, RK AF Vallet, JL Christenson, RK TI Effect of progesterone, mifepristone, and estrogen treatment during early pregnancy on conceptus development and uterine capacity in swine SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE embryo; estradiol; placenta; pregnancy; progesterone ID PERIPHERAL PLASMA PROGESTERONE; RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN; EMBRYONIC SURVIVAL; GILTS; PIGS; SECRETION; CYCLE; ESTABLISHMENT; ELONGATION; BLASTOCYST AB A series of experiments was performed to investigate the influence of progesterone at Days 2 and 3 of pregnancy on conceptus development and uterine capacity. In experiment 1, unilaterally hysterectomized-ovariectomized (UHO) white crossbred gilts were given no treatment, estradiol valerate (5 mg given on Days 11 and 12), or progesterone (200 mg/day on Days 2 and 3 after mating). On Day 105 of pregnancy, each fetus and its associated placenta were weighed, and the number of live and dead fetuses was recorded for each litter. Early progesterone treatment reduced (P < 0.05) litter size (a measure of uterine capacity in UHO gilts). In experiment 2. intact white crossbred gilts were mated, given no treatment or progesterone treatment on Days 2 and 3 of pregnancy, and farrowed. Progesterone treatment decreased (P < 0.05) pregnancy rates. In pregnant gilts, progesterone had no effect on the number of live or stillborn piglets at birth, and gestation length was decreased (P < 0.05). Progesterone treatment did not affect the number of large or small piglets. In experiment 3, intact gilts were mated at estrus and then received 1) no treatment or treatment with 2) 100 mg, 3) 200 mg, or 4) 400 mg mifepristone (also known as RU486) on Day 2 of pregnancy. On Day I I of pregnancy, both uterine horns were flushed, the number and diameter of each conceptus was recorded, and the flushed material was assayed for total protein and acid phosphatase. The 400 mg mifepristone treatment decreased conceptus diameter (P < 0.05) and total protein (P = 0.06) in the uterine flushings. In experiment 4, UHO gilts were mated at estrus, injected with either corn oil (control) or mifepristone (400 mg) on Day 2 of pregnancy, and killed on Day 105 of pregnancy, and the number and weight of live fetuses and placentas was recorded. In contrast to the effect of progesterone treatment, mifepristone decreased uterine capacity by decreasing the number of small conceptuses. These data suggest that progesterone concentrations on Days 2 and 3 of pregnancy in swine influence the rate of conceptus development during early pregnancy and uterine capacity during later pregnancy. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Vallet, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 70 IS 1 BP 92 EP 98 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.103.020214 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 757QG UT WOS:000187572500013 PM 12954726 ER PT J AU Kayser, JPR Kim, JG Cerny, RL Vallet, JL AF Kayser, JPR Kim, JG Cerny, RL Vallet, JL TI Characterization of the intrauterine proteome in pigs. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, CANADA SP Soc Study Reprod HO Univ British Columbia C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2004 SI SI MA 2 BP 93 EP 93 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 840HJ UT WOS:000222848400062 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, KF Blomberg, LA Zuelke, KA Miles, JR Alexander, JE Farin, CE AF Rodriguez, KF Blomberg, LA Zuelke, KA Miles, JR Alexander, JE Farin, CE TI Use of serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) for identification of candidate genes associated with gonadotropin-induced oocyte maturation in the mouse. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, CANADA SP Soc Study Reprod HO Univ British Columbia C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Zuelke, Kurt/H-8609-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2004 SI SI MA 157 BP 128 EP 129 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 840HJ UT WOS:000222848400217 ER PT J AU Roberts, AJ Echternkamp, SE AF Roberts, AJ Echternkamp, SE TI Associations among changes in estrogen concentrations in the first wave dominant follicle and steroid concentrations in other antral ovarian follicles in beef cows. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, CANADA SP Soc Study Reprod HO Univ British Columbia C1 USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2004 SI SI MA 184 BP 135 EP 135 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 840HJ UT WOS:000222848400244 ER PT J AU Vallet, JL Freking, BA AF Vallet, JL Freking, BA TI Further evidence for an association between a polymorphism in the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) gene and litter size in pigs. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, CANADA SP Soc Study Reprod HO Univ British Columbia C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RI Freking, Brad/C-6494-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2004 SI SI MA 259 BP 152 EP 152 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 840HJ UT WOS:000222848400319 ER PT J AU Turzillo, AM Moore, HC Rajapaksa, KS Greer, KA Hoying, JB Collier, RJ Roberts, AJ AF Turzillo, AM Moore, HC Rajapaksa, KS Greer, KA Hoying, JB Collier, RJ Roberts, AJ TI Gene expression profiling in pituitary glands of cows during the preovulatory period using bovine-specific cDNA microarrays SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, CANADA SP Soc Study Reprod HO Univ British Columbia C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Physiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Anim Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Biomed Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2004 SI SI MA 368 BP 177 EP 177 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 840HJ UT WOS:000222848400428 ER PT J AU Michael, DD Ocon, OM Talbot, NC Johnson, SE Ealy, AD AF Michael, DD Ocon, OM Talbot, NC Johnson, SE Ealy, AD TI Fibroblast growth factor-2 stimulates cell proliferation and interferon-tau production in bovine trophectoderm. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, CANADA SP Soc Study Reprod HO Univ British Columbia C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, LPSI, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2004 SI SI MA 506 BP 208 EP 209 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 840HJ UT WOS:000222848400565 ER PT J AU Ocon, OM Michael, DD Rooke, JA Talbot, NC Ealy, AD AF Ocon, OM Michael, DD Rooke, JA Talbot, NC Ealy, AD TI The effect of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on bovine trophectoderm cell proliferation and interferon-tau production. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, CANADA SP Soc Study Reprod HO Univ British Columbia C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Scottish Agr Coll, Aberdeen, Scotland. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, LPSI, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2004 SI SI MA 507 BP 209 EP 209 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 840HJ UT WOS:000222848400566 ER PT J AU Imakawa, K Imai, M Isuzugawa, K Qin, JW Yamamoto, S Takahashi, Y Christenson, RK AF Imakawa, K Imai, M Isuzugawa, K Qin, JW Yamamoto, S Takahashi, Y Christenson, RK TI Endometrial CXC chemokine and conceptus integrin expression during peri-implantation period in the ewe. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, CANADA SP Soc Study Reprod HO Univ British Columbia C1 Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2004 SI SI MA 514 BP 210 EP 211 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 840HJ UT WOS:000222848400573 ER PT J AU Blomberg, LA Dobrinsky, JR Zuelke, KA AF Blomberg, LA Dobrinsky, JR Zuelke, KA TI Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) gene expression coincides with increased estrogen synthesis in porcine embryos. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, CANADA SP Soc Study Reprod HO Univ British Columbia C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Zuelke, Kurt/H-8609-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2004 SI SI MA 525 BP 213 EP 213 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 840HJ UT WOS:000222848400584 ER PT J AU Guthrie, HD Wall, RJ Pursel, VG Foster-Frey, J Donovan, DM Welch, GR Garrett, WM AF Guthrie, HD Wall, RJ Pursel, VG Foster-Frey, J Donovan, DM Welch, GR Garrett, WM TI Follicular expression of a human beta-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) transgene does not decrease atresia or increase ovulation rate in swine SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, CANADA SP Soc Study Reprod HO Univ British Columbia C1 USDA, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2004 SI SI MA 795 BP 275 EP 275 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 840HJ UT WOS:000222848400854 ER PT J AU Chen, L Gordon, SH Imam, SH AF Chen, L Gordon, SH Imam, SH TI Starch graft poly(methyl acrylate) loose-fill foam: Preparation, properties and degradation SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID HIGH-AMYLOSE STARCH; STARCH-G-POLY(METHYL ACRYLATE); METHYL ACRYLATE; G-POLYSTYRENE; COPOLYMERS; EXTRUSION AB Starch graft poly(methyl acrylate) (S-g-PMA) was prepared by ceric ion initiation of methyl acrylate in an aqueous corn starch slurry (prime starch) which maximized the accessibility of the starch for graft polymerization. A new ceric ion reaction sequence was established as starch-initiator-methyl acrylate followed by addition of a small amount of ceric ion solution when the graft polymerization was almost complete to quench the reaction. As a result of this improved procedure, no unreacted methyl acrylate monomer remained, and thus, essentially no ungrafted poly(methyl acrylate) homopolymer was formed in the final grafted product. Quantities of the high purity S-g-PMA so prepared in pilot scale were converted to resin pellets and loose-fill foam by single screw and twin screw extrusion. The use of prime starch significantly improved the physical properties of the final loose-fill foam, in comparison to foam produced from regular dry corn starch. The S-g-PMA loose-fill foam had compressive strength and resiliency comparable to expanded polystyrene but higher bulk density. The S-g-PMA loose-fill foam also had better moisture and water resistance than other competitive starch-based materials. Studies indicated that the starch portion in S-g-PMA loose-fill foam biodegraded rapidly, whereas poly(methyl acrylate) remained relatively stable under natural environmental conditions. C1 PW ARS USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Owens Corning Sci & Technol Ctr, Granville, OH 43023 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Imam, SH (reprint author), PW ARS USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM simam@pw.usda.gov NR 25 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 5 IS 1 BP 238 EP 244 DI 10.1021/bm0344102 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 777MY UT WOS:000189183200033 PM 14715032 ER PT J AU Kelley, SS Rowell, RM Davis, M Jurich, CK Ibach, R AF Kelley, SS Rowell, RM Davis, M Jurich, CK Ibach, R TI Rapid analysis of the chemical composition of agricultural fibers using near infrared spectroscopy and pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE rapid chemical analysis; near infrared spectroscopy; pyrolysis-molecular beam mass spectrometry ID EUCALYPTUS-GLOBULUS WOOD; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PULP YIELD; CELLULOSE CONTENT; TREE VARIATION; KRAFT PULPS; LIGNIN; HYDROXIDE; BIOMASS; SAMPLES AB The chemical composition of a variety of agricultural biomass samples was analyzed with near infrared spectroscopy and pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectroscopy. These samples were selected from a wide array of agricultural residue samples and included residues that had been subjected to a variety of different treatments including solvent extractions and chemical modifications. This analysis showed that both spectroscopic tools, coupled with multivariate analytical techniques, could be used to differentiate the samples and accurately predict the chemical composition of this disparate set of agricultural biomass samples. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. USDA Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Kelley, SS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM steve_kelley@nrel.gov OI davis, mark/0000-0003-4541-9852 NR 43 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 2004 VL 27 IS 1 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.biomboie.2003.11.005 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 818XE UT WOS:000221277000008 ER PT J AU Scott, DA Burger, JA Kaczmarek, DJ Kane, MB AF Scott, DA Burger, JA Kaczmarek, DJ Kane, MB TI Growth and nutrition response of young sweetgum plantations to repeated nitrogen fertilization on two site types SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE short-rotation; woody crops; nitrogen fertilization; sweetgum; bioenergy ID FOLIAR ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; DIAGNOSIS AB Short-rotation intensive tree culture is being investigated in the southern United States as a method of producing hardwood fiber, but little is known about the early productivity and nutritional needs of these systems, especially on different site types. We studied the growth and foliar nutrition response of two sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) plantations on a converted agricultural field and a pine cutover site to biannual applications of three nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates: 0, 56, and 112 kg N ha(-1). The trees did not respond to treatment at any age on the agricultural field site, but the fertilized trees on the cutover site had about 60% greater biomass at ages 5 and 6. Fertilization doubled foliar biomass on the cutover site in the years fertilizer was applied. Stem biomass was directly related to foliar biomass, but the relationship was age-specific. at both sites. Stem biomass was also related to the foliar N concentration. Foliar critical values of N were about 18 g N(.)kg(-1). Foliage phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents were diluted by the N fertilization-induced growth responses at both sites. Fertilization of young intensive-culture sweetgum plantations is necessary for optimum foliar N concentrations and foliar and stem biomass production, but is site-specific. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. MedWestvaco Forest Sci & Technol, Summerville, SC 29484 USA. Int Paper Corp, Gulf Reg Silviculture Res & Technol, Ridgeland, MS 39157 USA. RP Scott, DA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM andyscott@fs.fed.us OI Scott, D. Andrew/0000-0002-2592-1522 NR 32 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 2004 VL 27 IS 4 BP 313 EP 325 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2004.02.003 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 845AF UT WOS:000223207300001 ER PT J AU Jung, HJG Lamb, JFS AF Jung, HJG Lamb, JFS TI Prediction of cell wall polysaccharide and lignin concentrations of alfalfa stems from detergent fiber analysis SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; Uppsala dietary fiber; detergent fiber; cell wall; hemicellulose; cellulose; pectin; lignin ID KLASON LIGNIN; RESIDUES; DEGRADATION; POPULATIONS; HYDROLYSIS; QUALITY AB Identification of superior biomass feedstocks for conversion to ethanol requires accurate, rapid, and inexpensive measurement of cell wall polysaccharide and lignin concentrations. A study was undertaken to determine if cell wall characteristics measured with the Uppsala dietary fiber method could be accurately predicted from detergent fiber data. Spring and summer growth alfalfa (Medicago,sativa L.) stems were harvested from two germplasm sources for 2-years. Samples were analyzed for neutral sugars, uronic acids, and Klason lignin using the Uppsala dietary fiber method, and neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and acid detergent lignin by sequential detergent analysis. Cell wall, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin concentrations derived from these two methods were positively correlated, but detergent estimates of cell wall and lignin concentration were lower and hemicellulose and cellulose concentrations were higher than for the Uppsala method. These patterns were attributed to solubility of pectin in neutral detergent solution and poor lignin recovery in acid detergent. lignin. Regression equations for prediction of cell wall characteristics using detergent results were significant and accounted for 35-92% of the variation in the data. Significant deviations between predicted and observed cell wall results were observed when the equations were tested using an independent sample set, although the deviation was very small for cellulose concentration. It does not appear that most cell wall characteristics of alfalfa stems obtained using the Uppsala dietary fiber method can be accurately predicted using detergent fiber results; however, cellulose concentration might be predicted with acceptable accuracy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, Plant Sci Res Unit, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Jung, HJG (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, Plant Sci Res Unit, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jungx002@umn.edu NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 2004 VL 27 IS 4 BP 365 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2004.04.001 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 845AF UT WOS:000223207300005 ER PT J AU Qi, PX Wickham, ED AF Qi, PX Wickham, ED TI Structural and functional implications of the C-terminal region of bovine beta-casein SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 491A EP 491A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971202533 ER PT J AU Van Esbroeck, GA Hussey, MA Sanderson, MA AF Van Esbroeck, GA Hussey, MA Sanderson, MA TI Reversal of dormancy in switchgrass with low-light photoperiod extension SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE panicum virgatum; photoperiod effects; warm-season grass; biocnergy feedstock ID BIOMASS; GRASSES; GROWTH AB Some switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) cultivars originating in the northern USA show limited late-summer and fall growth when grown in more southerly locations despite adequate temperature and moisture. Our objective was to determine the effects of low-light photoperiod extension on the dry matter yield of switchgrass cultivars originating from contrasting latitudes. Seedlings of the four cultivars (Cave-in-Rock, 'Caddo', 'Kanlow', and 'Alamo') were grown for 100 d in a greenhouse in winter under ambient (11.2-12.2 h) and extended (18 h) photoperiods. Photoperiod extension was with 7 mumol m(-2) s(-1) photosynthetic photon flux density. Cultivars responded differently to photoperiod extension (P < 0.05). Large increases in dry matter yield at extended photoperiods were observed in Cave-in-Rock (+98%) and Caddo (+129%). The dry matter yield of Kanlow increased by 31%, whereas dry matter yield of the southernmost cultivar Alamo was not affected by photoperiod extension. Yield increases for Cave-in-Rock and Caddo were associated with increased tiller number and weight. A reversal of dormancy for some cultivars with a photoperiodic signal verified that dormancy was not simply a result of a low radiant input. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mas44@psu.edu NR 21 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 91 IS 2 BP 141 EP 144 DI 10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00178-0 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 766UU UT WOS:000188394600005 PM 14592742 ER PT J AU Wu, SX Letchworth, GJ AF Wu, SX Letchworth, GJ TI High efficiency transformation by electroporation of Pichia pastoris pretreated with lithium acetate and dithiothreitol SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; YEAST-CELLS AB Transformation efficiencies for Pichia pastoris are usually several orders of magnitude below those for other yeast. We report here that pretreatment of P. pastoris with 0.1 M lithium acetate (LiAc) and 10 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) before electroporation increased transformation efficiency approximately 150-fold. DTT alone enhanced the transformation efficiency up to 20-fold, but LiAc alone had little effect. Cultures grown to 1.15-2.6 A at 600 nm had higher transformation efficiencies than younger or older cultures. A cell concentration of 10(10)/mL gave the highest effiencies. Digestion of pPIC9K within the AOX1 gene with SacI gave efficiencies approximately 30 times higher than digestion in other genes with other enzymes. Given the optimisation of these factors, the highest transformation efficiency was obtained with instrument settings of 1.5 kV, 25 muF and 186 Omega. The transformation efficiency at optimal conditions reached 4 x 10(6) transformants/mug DNA with pPIC9K. A maximum of 2.6 x 10(5) transformants was produced when 1 mug of pPIC9K DNA was used. C1 USDA, ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Dept 3354, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Letchworth, GJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Dept 3354, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM gjl3@uwyo.edu NR 8 TC 128 Z9 154 U1 1 U2 16 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD JAN PY 2004 VL 36 IS 1 BP 152 EP 154 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 763KF UT WOS:000188083600021 PM 14740498 ER PT S AU Pijut, PM AF Pijut, PM BE Michler, CH Pijut, PM VanSambeek, JW Coggeshall, MV Seifert, J Woeste, K Overton, R TI Vegetative propagation of butternut (Juglans cinerea) field results SO Black Walnut in a New Century SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Walnut Council Research Symposium CY JUL 25-28, 2004 CL Lafayette, IN ID CANKER; CUTTINGS AB Juglans cinerea L. is a hardwood species valued for its wood and edible nuts. Butternut canker disease (Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum) threatens its survival. Vegetative propagation will be required to produce clones of genotypes selected for resistance to butternut canker disease. In 2000, 10 trees were randomly selected from a 6-year-old butternut plantation located in Rosemount, MN. Hardwood stem cuttings were collected in March, April, and May. Softwood cuttings were collected in June and July. Indole-3-butyric acid-potassium salt (K-IBA) at 0, 29, or 62 mM in water and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 0, 34, or 74 mM in 70% ethanol were tested for root induction on cuttings. The basal end of cuttings were dipped in a treatment solution for 10 to 15 s, potted in a peat:perlite mixture and placed in a mist bed for 5 to 8 weeks. Rooted cuttings were gradually hardened off from the mist bed, allowed to initiate new growth, over-wintered in a controlled cold-storage environment, and then outplanted to the field. Rooting was greatest for hardwood cuttings taken in mid-May (branches flushed out), 22% with 62 mM K-IBA and 28% with 74 mM IBA. Softwood cuttings rooted best when taken in June (current season's first flush of new growth or softwood growth 40 cm. or greater) and treated with 62 mM K-IBA (77%) or 74 mM IBA (88%). One-hundred and seventy three (173) out of 186 rooted softwood cuttings (93%) survived over-wintering and acclimatization to the field. Average heights and stem diameters were after 1 year (28.6 cm, 12.4 mm) or 2 years (92.8 cm, 18.6 mm). When plants were protected from deer browse, rodent damage, and weed controlled, 91% survived in the field. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Pijut, PM (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Pijut, Paula/N-6789-2015 NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2004 VL 243 BP 37 EP 44 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA BDD17 UT WOS:000232829900006 ER PT S AU Dey, DC Lovelace, W Kabrick, JM Gold, MA AF Dey, DC Lovelace, W Kabrick, JM Gold, MA BE Michler, CH Pijut, PM VanSambeek, JW Coggeshall, MV Seifert, J Woeste, K Overton, R TI Production and early field performance of RPM (R) seedlings in Missouri floodplains SO BLACK WALNUT IN A NEW CENTURY SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Walnut Council Research Symposium CY JUL 25-28, 2004 CL Lafayette, IN ID OAK; USA AB A new nursery culture process has been developed to produce large container RPM (R) seedlings in an effort to improve the success in artificially regenerating hardwoods. Major features of the process include air root pruning of seedlings grown in a well aerated soil medium to encourage a dense, fibrous root system. Production has focused on native bottomland tree, shrub, and herbaceous species. Field plantings of RPM (R) seedlings have been done in agricultural floodplains throughout Missouri. In one such planting, the survival and growth of pin oak and swamp white oak RPM (R) and bareroot seedlings are evaluated when seedlings are established with soil mounding and a redtop grass cover crop. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Dey, DC (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 202 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM ddey@fs.fed.us NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. North Cent. PY 2004 VL 243 BP 59 EP 65 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA BDD17 UT WOS:000232829900008 ER PT S AU Ponder, F AF Ponder, F BE Michler, CH Pijut, PM VanSambeek, JW Coggeshall, MV Seifert, J Woeste, K Overton, R TI Soils and nutrition management for black walnut SO Black Walnut in a New Century SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Walnut Council Research Symposium CY JUL 25-28, 2004 CL Lafayette, IN ID GROWTH AB Although walnut may survive when planted in unsuitable soils, most likely growth will be slow and the trees will be of poor quality. Sufficient time should be spent locating quality sites for this valuable and high-site demanding species. Undoubtedly, only ideal soil conditions will allow for adequate root expansion and for soil levels of nutrients and water to be sufficient for consistent growth and nut production. Nitrogen (N) is often the limiting nutrient to tree growth. Fertilization of young walnuts for growth is usually offset by an increase in vegetation competition from weeds. Benefits from fertilization are more likely before crown closure, after thinning, and for active growing large-diameter trees a few years before harvesting. Greater payoffs from fertilization can likely be expected from nut production, especially for trees of nut varieties with larger and more consistent nut crops. C1 Lincoln Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. RP Ponder, F (reprint author), Lincoln Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 208 Foster Hall, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2004 VL 243 BP 71 EP 76 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA BDD17 UT WOS:000232829900010 ER PT S AU Van Sambeek, JW Garrett, HE AF Van Sambeek, JW Garrett, HE BE Michler, CH Pijut, PM VanSambeek, JW Coggeshall, MV Seifert, J Woeste, K Overton, R TI Ground cover management in walnut and other hardwood plantings SO Black Walnut in a New Century SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Walnut Council Research Symposium CY JUL 25-28, 2004 CL Lafayette, IN ID BLACK-WALNUT; WEED-CONTROL; GROWTH; ALLELOPATHY; COMPETITION; SEEDLINGS; FAMILIES; REGIME; TREES; GRASS AB Ground cover management in walnut plantings and established stands can include (1) manipulating the resident vegetation, (2) mechanical control, (3) chemical control, (4) mulching, (5) planting cover crops, or (6) interplanting woody nurse crops. Data from over 110 reports were used to compile a database that compared growth of black walnut and other hardwoods under different ground cover treatments as either a percentage of tree growth in the absence of ground cover vegetation or with little or no management of the resident vegetation. Overall, ground cover treatments with the best tree growth were application of organic mulches and annual cultivation. Ground covers associated with the slowest tree growth were grass sods and unmanaged or mowed resident vegetation. Black walnut tended to be slightly more sensitive to ground cover management practices than other hardwoods. The choice of a vegetation management system is largely controlled by management objectives, site characteristics, equipment costs, and, most importantly, labor availability. C1 UMC, USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Van Sambeek, JW (reprint author), UMC, USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 202 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2004 VL 243 BP 85 EP 100 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA BDD17 UT WOS:000232829900013 ER PT S AU Mielke, ME Ostry, ME AF Mielke, ME Ostry, ME BE Michler, CH Pijut, PM VanSambeek, JW Coggeshall, MV Seifert, J Woeste, K Overton, R TI Diseases of intensively managed Eastern black walnut SO Black Walnut in a New Century SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Walnut Council Research Symposium CY JUL 25-28, 2004 CL Lafayette, IN AB Eastern black walnut has few serious disease problems in its natural woodland setting. However, trees in plantations are subjected to various cultural activities that can create stand conditions that increase pathogen populations and abiotic injuries that often interfere with landowner's objectives. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Mielke, ME (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2004 VL 243 BP 110 EP 113 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA BDD17 UT WOS:000232829900016 ER PT S AU Ostry, ME Woeste, K AF Ostry, ME Woeste, K BE Michler, CH Pijut, PM VanSambeek, JW Coggeshall, MV Seifert, J Woeste, K Overton, R TI Spread of butternut canker in North America, host range, evidence of resistance within butternut populations and conservation genetics SO Black Walnut in a New Century SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Walnut Council Research Symposium CY JUL 25-28, 2004 CL Lafayette, IN ID SIROCOCCUS-CLAVIGIGNENTI-JUGLANDACEARUM; WALNUT JUGLANS; RIBOSOMAL DNA; BLACK-WALNUT; DIVERSITY; LOCI AB Butternut canker is killing trees throughout the range of butternut in North America and is threatening the viability of many populations in several areas. Although butternut is the primary host, other Juglans species and some hardwood species also are potential hosts. Evidence is building that genetic resistance within butternut populations may be exploited for conservation and restoration of the species. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Ostry, ME (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1561 Lindig Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2004 VL 243 BP 114 EP 120 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA BDD17 UT WOS:000232829900017 ER PT S AU Katovich, S AF Katovich, S BE Michler, CH Pijut, PM VanSambeek, JW Coggeshall, MV Seifert, J Woeste, K Overton, R TI Insects attacking black walnut in the midwestern United States SO Black Walnut in a New Century SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Walnut Council Research Symposium CY JUL 25-28, 2004 CL Lafayette, IN ID XYLOSANDRUS-GERMANUS COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE; TREES AB Black walnut has only a handful of insects that would be considered significant pests. Of the leaf feeders, the walnut caterpillar is the most likely to cause significant defoliation and damage to trees. However, severe infestations are infrequent and tend to be restricted to small geographic areas. Two other commonly encountered defoliators are the yellow necked caterpillar and the fall webworm. The black walnut curculio is the major nut pest on black walnut. The walnut shoot moth attacks buds and shoots of black walnut. Destruction of the terminal bud or shoot on young trees can cause excessive branch forking that can change the shape of a tree. Walnut does have several wood boring insects that will invade the main trunk and larger branches. Most of them infest trees that are in poor health. Many can also invade freshly cut logs. An ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus germanus, can attack apparently healthy trees and attacks are often associated with the pathogen Fusarium. Management practices are provided that should minimize insect caused impacts. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Katovich, S (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, 1992 Folwell Ave St, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2004 VL 243 BP 121 EP 126 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA BDD17 UT WOS:000232829900018 ER PT S AU Hammons, B Ponder, F Rickman, J AF Hammons, B Ponder, F Rickman, J BE Michler, CH Pijut, PM VanSambeek, JW Coggeshall, MV Seifert, J Woeste, K Overton, R TI Beyond the wild nut: Moving toward profitable black walnut nut crops SO Black Walnut in a New Century SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Walnut Council Research Symposium CY JUL 25-28, 2004 CL Lafayette, IN AB Currently, about 2 million pounds of black walnut nutmeats are consumed annually, requiring about 26 million pounds of wild in-shell nuts (hulled, wet weight). Walnuts from wild trees are variable in quality, yield, and moisture, reducing the amount of good, salable nutmeats produced. Consequently, the price that can be paid to the harvester/ producer is limited. Improved varieties of black walnut trees differ from wild trees in that they are typically planted in orchards, produce nuts more consistently and the nuts have higher percent kernel yield and quality. Thus, the price on such improved nuts can be higher. The black walnut industry (Hammons Products Company) has developed quality guidelines whereby growers of improved varieties can receive more for nuts with higher nutmeat yields and desirable characteristics. High yield of good quality nutmeats is the key to profitable nut crops. C1 Hammons Prod Co, Stockton, MO 65758 USA. Lincoln Univ, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. RP Ponder, F (reprint author), Hammons Prod Co, POB 140, Stockton, MO 65758 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2004 VL 243 BP 156 EP 160 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA BDD17 UT WOS:000232829900024 ER PT S AU Shifley, SR AF Shifley, SR BE Michler, CH Pijut, PM VanSambeek, JW Coggeshall, MV Seifert, J Woeste, K Overton, R TI The black walnut resource in the United States SO Black Walnut in a New Century SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Walnut Council Research Symposium CY JUL 25-28, 2004 CL Lafayette, IN AB Between 1989 and 1999 the total volume of black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) in the United States increased from 1.6 to 2.4 billion cubic feet. Saw log volume (International 1/4-inch scale) increased from 4.3 to 7.2 billion board feet. Increases occurred in most states; however, in Michigan, Ohio, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Kansas black walnut volumes decreased or remained nearly constant and/or mean tree quality appeared to decrease. National forest inventory data is available online and can readily be queried to summarize and map characteristics of black walnut and other species by individual states, groups of counties, or other geographic areas. The majority of black walnut trees occur in natural stands in association with other fine hardwoods. On average black walnut comprises about 11% of the total volume in stands where it occurs. Thus, opportunities to apply silvicultural treatments to increase walnut volume or value in natural stands usually also provide the option to do the same for other associated hardwood species. C1 Univ Missouri, N Cent Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Shifley, SR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, N Cent Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, 202 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2004 VL 243 BP 168 EP 176 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA BDD17 UT WOS:000232829900026 ER PT S AU Van Sambeek, JW Xi, SK Gustafson, WA Coggeshall, MV AF Van Sambeek, JW Xi, SK Gustafson, WA Coggeshall, MV BE Michler, CH Pijut, PM VanSambeek, JW Coggeshall, MV Seifert, J Woeste, K Overton, R TI Performance of black walnut in the yellow river watershed of the People's Republic of China SO Black Walnut in a New Century SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Walnut Council Research Symposium CY JUL 25-28, 2004 CL Lafayette, IN C1 USDS Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Van Sambeek, JW (reprint author), USDS Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2004 VL 243 BP 177 EP 181 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA BDD17 UT WOS:000232829900027 ER PT S AU Walton, TE AF Walton, TE BE MacLachlan, NJ Pearson, JE TI The history of bluetongue and a current global overview SO Bluetongue, Pt 1, Proceedings SE VETERINARIA ITALIANA (SERIES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Bluetongue CY OCT 26-29, 2003 CL Taormina, ITALY DE bluetongue; Culicoides; epidemiological cycle; non-tariff trade barriers; regulatory actions; vectors; virus-host interactions ID VIRUS-INFECTED CATTLE; CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS; DURATION; VIREMIA; SHEEP AB Bluetongue (BT) was first reported more than 125 years ago when European breeds of sheep were introduced into southern Africa. BT viruses (BTV) have been identified in many tropical and temperate areas of the world. BT, the disease, is a phenomenon of ruminants in the temperate zones. There is little clinical disease in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world. At least 24 serotypes of BTV have been described. While the viruses are classified antigenically and taxonomically as BTV, each serotype is unique and may not cause BT, the disease. The BTVs are transmitted among ruminants by competent vector species of the genus Culicoides, i.e. biting gnats or midges. BTV serotypes exist with vector species of Culicoides in predictable, but finite, geographic and ecological cycles or ecosystems around the world. Despite the almost certain movement of livestock and Culicoides species between these ecosystems, there is little evidence that introduced BTV serotypes have been established in these ecosystems. Rather, periodic cyclic extensions and remissions of these virus-vector ecosystems permit the viruses and the disease to move into and recede from adjacent non-endemic areas in a pattern characteristic of many other known arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses). Earlier publications suggested that a carrier state occurred in cattle infected as foetuses with BTV. No subsequent natural experiences or research support the hypothesis which has not been validated. The conclusions of the research are not accepted by the scientific community. It is logical, therefore, to propose that regulatory restrictions against the movement of cattle from BTV-affected countries be relaxed or eliminated. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Epidemiol, Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Walton, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Epidemiol, Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, 2150-B Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 41 TC 60 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 12 PU IST ZOOPROFILATTTICO SPERIMENTALE DELL ABRUZZO E DEL MOLISE G CAPORALE PI TERAMO PA CAMPO BOARIO, TERAMO, 64100, ITALY SN 0505-401X BN 88-901725-0-9 J9 VETER ITAL SER PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 31 EP 38 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences; Virology SC Veterinary Sciences; Virology GA BDP19 UT WOS:000234682200001 PM 20419631 ER PT S AU White, DM Wilson, WC Blair, CD Beaty, BJ AF White, DM Wilson, WC Blair, CD Beaty, BJ BE MacLachlan, NJ Pearson, JE TI Possible overwintering mechanism of bluetongue virus in vectors SO Bluetongue, Pt 1, Proceedings SE VETERINARIA ITALIANA (SERIES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Bluetongue CY OCT 26-29, 2003 CL Taormina, ITALY DE bluetongue; Culicoides sonorensis; overwintermig; United States of America; vectors; virus C1 USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Dept 3354, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP White, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Dept 3354, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IST ZOOPROFILATTTICO SPERIMENTALE DELL ABRUZZO E DEL MOLISE G CAPORALE PI TERAMO PA CAMPO BOARIO, TERAMO, 64100, ITALY SN 0505-401X BN 88-901725-0-9 J9 VETER ITAL SER PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 175 EP 175 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences; Virology SC Veterinary Sciences; Virology GA BDP19 UT WOS:000234682200027 ER PT S AU Dargatz, D Akin, K Green, A Herrero, M Holland, S Kane, A Knowles, D McElwain, T Moser, KM Ostlund, EN Parker, M Schmidtmann, ET Seitzinger, A Schuler, L Stevens, G Tesar, L White, L Williams, L Wineland, N Walton, TE AF Dargatz, D Akin, K Green, A Herrero, M Holland, S Kane, A Knowles, D McElwain, T Moser, KM Ostlund, EN Parker, M Schmidtmann, ET Seitzinger, A Schuler, L Stevens, G Tesar, L White, L Williams, L Wineland, N Walton, TE BE MacLachlan, NJ Pearson, JE TI Bluetongue surveillance methods in the United States of America SO Bluetongue, Pt 1, Proceedings SE VETERINARIA ITALIANA (SERIES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Bluetongue CY OCT 26-29, 2003 CL Taormina, ITALY DE bluetongoue virus; Culicoides; sentinel herds; serology; surveillance; United States of America; vector trapping AB Historical surveillance for bluetongue virus (BTV) exposure in the United States of America (USA) has relied on periodical serologoical surveillance using samples collected from cattle at slaughter. Most of this surveillance has been focused on the north-eastern portion of the USA due to the lack of competent vectors of BTV in this region. For most of the states tested in this region, the prevalence of seropositive animals has been less than 2%. Recently, a study was conducted in north-central USA using sentinel cattle herds. Results of serological testing showed an increasing gradient of exposure from north to south. In addition, detection of Calicoides sonorensis showed a similar gradient with detection in the northern areas being relatively rare. The results of these studies indicate that cattle herds in the northern and north-eastern areas of the USA are likely to be free of BTV. C1 USDA APHIS VS, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Dargatz, D (reprint author), USDA APHIS VS, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B,MS2E7, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IST ZOOPROFILATTTICO SPERIMENTALE DELL ABRUZZO E DEL MOLISE G CAPORALE PI TERAMO PA CAMPO BOARIO, TERAMO, 64100, ITALY SN 0505-401X BN 88-901725-0-9 J9 VETER ITAL SER PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 182 EP 183 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences; Virology SC Veterinary Sciences; Virology GA BDP19 UT WOS:000234682200029 PM 20419659 ER PT S AU Campbell, CL McNulty, M Letchworth, GJ Wilson, WC AF Campbell, CL McNulty, M Letchworth, GJ Wilson, WC BE MacLachlan, NJ Pearson, JE TI Molecular investigations of orbivirus/vector interactions SO Bluetongue, Pt 1, Proceedings SE VETERINARIA ITALIANA (SERIES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Bluetongue CY OCT 26-29, 2003 CL Taormina, ITALY DE bluetongue; Culicoides sonorensis; cytoskeleton; differential gene expression; ribosomal protein subunit; sensory appendage protein; subtractive library; translation; vector ID CULICOIDES-SONORENSIS DIPTERA; BLUETONGUE VIRUS; CDNA; CERATOPOGONIDAE; MIDGUT; GENE; INFECTION; MOSQUITO; SEQUENCE; MUTANTS AB Defining predictors for insect-transmitted virus (arbovirus) disease cycles requires an understanding of the molecular interactions between the virus and vector insect. Studies of orbiviruses from numerous geographic regions have indicated that virus genes are affected by insect population differences. Therefore, the authors have initiated genetic studies of Culicoides sonorensis, isolating cDNAs for characterisation of differential insect gene expression, as well as a gene discovery project. Previous work identified insect transcripts elevated in orbivirus-infected female midguts at one day post infection (pI). Here, we report cDNAs that were more abundant in midguts two days following an epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus feeding, as well in head/salivary glands at three days pI. Of the cDNAs identified in midguts at two days pI, three encode translational machinery components, and three encode components that affect cellular structural features. Of the differentially expressed salivary gland cDNAs, only one was homologous to a previously identified gene, a putative odorant binding protein. C1 USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Campbell, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, POB 3965, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IST ZOOPROFILATTTICO SPERIMENTALE DELL ABRUZZO E DEL MOLISE G CAPORALE PI TERAMO PA CAMPO BOARIO, TERAMO, 64100, ITALY SN 0505-401X BN 88-901725-0-9 J9 VETER ITAL SER PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 390 EP 395 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences; Virology SC Veterinary Sciences; Virology GA BDP19 UT WOS:000234682200067 PM 20419697 ER PT J AU Wang, ZX Yin, S Zhao, XF Russell, RM Tang, GW AF Wang, ZX Yin, S Zhao, XF Russell, RM Tang, GW TI beta-carotene-vitamin A equivalence in Chinese adults assessed by an isotope dilution technique SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE beta-carotene; vitamin A; biological conversion efficiency; isotope dilution technique ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INTESTINAL ABSORPTION; CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; CONVERSION; RETINOL; HUMANS; PLASMA; RAT; CHILDREN; SERUM AB The present study was carried out to determine the conversion factor of synthetic H-2-labelled beta-carotene to vitamin A in Chinese adults by using a stable-isotope dilution technique. Fifteen healthy volunteers aged 50-60 years were recruited for a 55 d experiment. The volunteers (nine males and six females) were each given a physiological dose Of [H-2(8)] beta-carotene (6 mg) in oil on the first day of the experiment, and a reference dose of [H-2(8)]retinyl acetate (3 mg) in oil was given on the fourth day. Serum samples were collected at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 h on the first and the fourth days of the study, daily for 10 d, and then weekly from days 14 to 56. beta-Carotene and retinol were extracted from serum and isolated by HPLC, and their enrichments were respectively determined by using GC-electron capture negative chemical ionisation-MS and LC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation interface-MS. Four of the subjects exhibited beta-carotene to vitamin A conversion factors of > 29.0: 1 on a molar basis and were termed 'poor converters'. In the eleven normal converters (seven males and four females), the calculated conversion factors of beta-carotene to retinol ranged from 2.0:1 to 12.2:1 with an average of 4.8 (SD 2.8):1 on a molar basis, and from 3.8:1 to 22.8:1 with an average of 9.1 (SD 5.3):1 on a weight basis. The 52d post-intestinal absorption conversion was estimated to be about 30 % of the-total converted retinol. C1 Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Nutr & Food Safety, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. Qingdao Univ, Coll Med, Inst Med Nutr, Qingdao 266021, Peoples R China. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wang, ZX (reprint author), Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Nutr & Food Safety, Room 202,29 Nanwei Rd, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. EM zxwong@public.qd.sd.cn NR 30 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 2 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 91 IS 1 BP 121 EP 131 DI 10.1079/BJN20031030 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 774EK UT WOS:000188966600015 PM 14748945 ER PT J AU Diak, GR Mecikalski, JR Anderson, MC Norman, JM Kustas, WP Torn, RD DeWolf, RL AF Diak, GR Mecikalski, JR Anderson, MC Norman, JM Kustas, WP Torn, RD DeWolf, RL TI Estimating land surface energy budgets from space - Review and current efforts at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and USDA-ARS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review ID NOAA AVHRR DATA; SATELLITE DATA; HEAT-FLUX; VEGETATION INDEX; SOLAR IRRADIANCE; DAILY EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; RADIOMETRIC TEMPERATURE; SKIN TEMPERATURES; PHYSICAL MODEL; RADIATION AB Since the advent of the meteorological satellite, a large research effort within the community of earth scientists has been directed at assessing the components of the land surface energy balance from space. The development of these techniques from first efforts to the present time are reviewed, and the integrated system used to estimate the radiative and turbulent land surface fluxes is described. This system is now running in real time over the continental United States at a resolution of 10 km, producing daily and time-integrated flux components. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Mecikalski, JR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM john.mecikalski@ssec.wisc.edu RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 70 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 85 IS 1 BP 65 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-85-1-65 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 775WB UT WOS:000189082700013 ER PT J AU Evans, JJ Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA AF Evans, JJ Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA TI Starch hydrolysis testing of multiple isolates for rapid differentiation of Streptococcus iniae SO BULLETIN OF THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF FISH PATHOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID LACTOCOCCUS-GARVIEAE STRAINS; NONHEMOLYTIC GROUP-B; SP-NOV; ENTEROCOCCUS-SERIOLICIDA; CAUSATIVE AGENT; JUNIOR SYNONYM; FISH; INFECTION; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; DIFFICILE AB Streptococcus iniae is one of the few Gram positive streptococcal species capable of hydrolyzing starch. The starch hydrolysis test is essential for its identification. The biochemical reaction for starch in multi-test systems (API 20 Strep and API CH 50) is starch acidification, not starch hydrolysis. Furthermore, API systems do not contain S. iniae in their databases, yet fish disease researchers use these systems for S. iniae identification instead of starch hydrolysis tests. We developed a modified procedure of the starch hydrolysis test and evaluated multiple pathogenic streptococcal isolates including S. iniae, S. agalactiae, Enterococcus spp. and Lactococcus spp. for their ability to hydrolyze starch on a single starch agar plate following 18 h incubation at 30 and 35degreesC. All of the S. iniae isolates (17/17) tested hydrolyzed starch using our modified starch hydrolysis technique. Two of eleven S. agalactiae isolates tested hydrolyzed starch. Lactococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. did not hydrolyze starch. This method is rapid, accurate and cost effective, increasing the number of isolates that can be tested at once. C1 USDA, ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. RP Evans, JJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, 151 Dixon Dr, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 8 PU EUR ASSOC FISH PATHOLOGISTS PI ABERDEEN PA C/O DR DAVID BRUNO, MARINE LABORATORY, PO BOX 101, VICTORIA RD, ABERDEEN AB11 9DB, SCOTLAND SN 0108-0288 J9 B EUR ASSOC FISH PAT JI Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol. PY 2004 VL 24 IS 5 BP 231 EP 239 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 875TX UT WOS:000225445800003 ER PT B AU Juneja, VK AF Juneja, VK GP idf TI Extrinsic and intrinsic factors that influence microbial heat resistance SO BULLETIN OF THE INTERNATIONAL DAIRY FEDERATION NO 392/2004 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Revisiting Heat Resistance of Microoganisms in Milk CY MAY 05-08, 2003 CL Kiel, GERMANY SP Inst Hygiene & Food Safety, fed Dairy Res Ctr, Int Dairy Federat ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; NONPROTEOLYTIC CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; PERFRINGENS TYPE-A; INJURED LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; INCREASED D-VALUES; STRICTLY ANAEROBIC RECOVERY; BACILLUS-CEREUS SPORES; THERMAL INACTIVATION; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS AB The use of heat to inactivate food-borne pathogens is a critical control point and the most common means of assuring the microbiological safety of processed foods. A key to optimization of the heating step is defining the target pathogen's heat resistance. Heat resistance of microorganisms can vary depending on the species and strain of bacteria, food composition, physiological state of microbial cells or spores, and recovery conditions (type of media, temperature, atmosphere and time of incubation) for the detection of survivors. Cells grown at higher temperatures or exposed to sub-lethal heat shock, and those growing in a minimal, or fat-rich medium, are more heat resistant. Cells attached to meat surfaces, stainless steel or glass surfaces are more heat resistant than those that are unattached and dispersed throughout in foods. Recovery under anaerobic conditions, at lower temperatures and on non-selective, rich media rather than on selective media, enhance recovery of injured cells. Food characteristics leading to increased heat resistance of an organism include reduced water activity and the presence of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, salt, etc. Quantitative knowledge of the factors in muscle foods that interact and influence the inactivation kinetics are required to estimate accurately how a particular pathogen is likely to behave in a specific food. There is a need for a better understanding of how the interactions among preservation variables can be used for predicting the safety of minimally processed, ready-to-eat meat products. The effects and interactions of temperature, pH, sodium chloride content, and sodium pyrophosphate concentration are among the variables that were considered when attempting to assess the heat-inactivation kinetics of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and spores of non-proteolytic Clostridium botulinum. Incorporation of these multiple barriers increased the sensitivity of pathogens to heat, thereby reducing heat requirements and ensuring the safety of ready-to-eat food products. For example, C. botulinum D-values at 75 degrees C in ground turkey supplemented with 1% salt and 0.1% phosphate at pH 5.5 and 6.25 were 36.1 and 39.1, respectively. When ground turkey contained 2% salt and 0.2% phosphate, the observed D-values in turkey at pH 5.5 and 6.25 decreased by 42.1% and 22.1%, respectively. Confidence intervals were developed to allow food processors to know the expected heat resistance of the pathogens. The future of thermal-death determinations of bacteria will likely rely on predictive thermal inactivation kinetics modeling. Complex multifactorial experiments and analysis to quantify the effects and interactions of additional intrinsic and extrinsic factors and development of "enhanced" predictive models are warranted to ensure the microbiological safety of thermally processed foods. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 126 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 15 PU INT DAIRY FEDERATION PI BRUSSELS PA DIAMANT BUILDING, BOULEVARD AUGUSTE REYERS 80, 1030 BRUSSELS, BELGIUM PY 2004 BP 16 EP 30 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Microbiology SC Agriculture; Microbiology GA BBX70 UT WOS:000228291200002 ER PT B AU Juneja, VK AF Juneja, VK GP idf TI Heat resistance of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and Salmonella SO BULLETIN OF THE INTERNATIONAL DAIRY FEDERATION NO 392/2004 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Revisiting Heat Resistance of Microoganisms in Milk CY MAY 05-08, 2003 CL Kiel, GERMANY SP Inst Hygiene & Food Safety, fed Dairy Res Ctr, Int Dairy Federat ID THERMAL INACTIVATION; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; MICROBIOLOGICAL SAFETY; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; SURVIVAL CURVES; UNITED-STATES; TREATED MILK; NURSING-HOME; APPLE CIDER AB The need for better control of food-borne pathogens has been of paramount importance in recent years. Heat inactivation of food-borne pathogens is one of the fundamentally important strategies to assure microbiological safety of thermally processed foods. Accordingly, research was conducted to define the heat treatment required to achieve a specified lethality for 4 strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and 35 strains of Salmonella spp. in chicken broth, as well as in ground beef, chicken, pork, turkey and lamb. The D-values of E. coli O157:H7 in 90% lean ground beef ranged from 21.13 min at 55 degrees C to 0.39 min at 65 degrees C; these values were consistently less at all temperatures in ground chicken, turkey, lamb and pork. The D-values in chicken broth at 55 degrees C ranged from 5.86 min for S. copenhagen 8457 (pork isolate) to 3.77 min for S. hadar MF60404 (Turkey isolate); the D-values at 62 degrees C were 0.40 and 0.32 min, respectively. The D-values of a mixture of 8 Salmonella strains from meat and poultry that exhibited the highest heat resistance were 4.87, 2.72, 1.61 and 0.41 min at 55, 58, 60 and 62 degrees C, respectively. No correlation between the heat resistance and the origin of the Salmonella spp. could be established due to significant variation in the heat resistance among strains. The z-values of all strains, including the Salmonella cocktail, were very similar, ranging from 6.85 to 5.77 degrees C. The D-values of the 8 strains of Salmonella spp. cocktail in beef were 8.65, 5.48, 1.50, and 0.67 min; in pork were 6.68, 6.65, 1.62, and 0.87 min; in turkey were 7.42, 4.82, 1.5 1, and 0.80 min; in chicken were 7.08, 5.20, 1.36, and 0.59 min at 58, 60, 62.5, and 65 degrees C, respectively. Also, the effects and interactions of temperature (55-71.1 degrees C), pH (4-8), sodium chloride content (0.0-6.0%, w/v), sodium pyrophosphate (0.00.5%, w/v), and sodium lactate concentration (0.0-4.5%, w/v) are among the variables that were considered when attempting to assess the heat-inactivation kinetics of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella. Incorporation of these multiple barriers increased the sensitivity of pathogens to heat, thereby reducing heat requirements and ensuring the safety of ready-to-eat food products. Confidence intervals were developed to allow food processors to know the expected heat resistance of these pathogens. Thermal-death-time values should assist food processors in designing acceptance limits on critical control points that ensure safety against these pathogens in processed foods. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT DAIRY FEDERATION PI BRUSSELS PA DIAMANT BUILDING, BOULEVARD AUGUSTE REYERS 80, 1030 BRUSSELS, BELGIUM PY 2004 BP 69 EP 76 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Microbiology SC Agriculture; Microbiology GA BBX70 UT WOS:000228291200011 ER PT B AU Alexander, KL Entwisle, DR Dauber, SL Kabbani, N AF Alexander, Karl L. Entwisle, Doris R. Dauber, Susan L. Kabbani, Nader BE Walberg, HJ Reynolds, AJ Wang, MC TI DROPOUT IN RELATION TO GRADE RETENTION: An Accounting from the Beginning School Study SO CAN UNLIKE STUDENTS LEARN TOGETHER? GRADE RETENTION, TRACKING, AND GROUPING SE Research in Educational Productivity LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MULTI-AGE CLASSES; RISK; INTERVENTION; ACHIEVEMENT; PERSPECTIVE; PERFORMANCE; ELEMENTARY; GRADUATION; STUDENTS; OUTCOMES C1 [Alexander, Karl L.; Entwisle, Doris R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Dauber, Susan L.] Spencer Fdn, Chicago, IL USA. [Kabbani, Nader] American Univ, Dept Econ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Kabbani, Nader] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Alexander, KL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 89 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-59311-114-4 J9 RES EDUC PRODUCT PY 2004 BP 5 EP 34 PG 30 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BKD83 UT WOS:000267843800002 ER PT J AU Yee, WL Landolt, PJ AF Yee, WL Landolt, PJ TI Responses of apple maggot (Diptera : Tephritidae) to ammonium hydroxide lures SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA DIPTERA; FLIES; ATTRACTION; FOOD C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM wlyee@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 136 IS 1 BP 139 EP 142 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 801QC UT WOS:000220109400009 ER PT J AU Kladnik, A Vilhar, B Chourey, PS Dermastia, M AF Kladnik, A Vilhar, B Chourey, PS Dermastia, M TI Sucrose synthase isozyme SUS1 in the maize root cap is preferentially localized in the endopolyploid outer cells SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE nuclear DNA amount; endoreduplication; immunolocalization; image cytometry; Zea mays L. ID ZEA-MAYS-L; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; GROWTH; GENES; PLANTS; BIOSYNTHESIS; INTEGRITY; ENDOSPERM; PATTERNS; MUCILAGE AB The structure of the maize (Zea mays L.) root cap was studied to quantitatively evaluate the relationship among the size of the cells, their endopolyploidy level, and the abundance of the sucrose synthase isozyme SUS1. Median longitudinal root cap sections were analysed using immunolocalization, quantitative DNA staining, and image cytometry. Both the immunolocalization signal for the SUS1 protein and the endopolyploidy level increased from calyptrogen towards the root cap periphery and were thus the highest in the outer cells. These cells had a nuclear DNA content of mostly 8C or higher and the largest volumes of all root cap cells. The high amount of SUS1 protein in the outer, endopolyploid cells suggests an association between endoreduplication and the abundance of this enzyme. The outer cells are involved in mucilage production; hence, there is a possibility that sucrose synthase provides monosaccharide precursors for mucilage synthesis. C1 Univ Ljubljana, Biotech Fac, Dept Biol, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. ARS, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Dermastia, M (reprint author), Univ Ljubljana, Biotech Fac, Dept Biol, Vecna Pot 111, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. EM marina.dermastia@uni-lj.si RI Kladnik, Ales/B-6045-2008 OI Kladnik, Ales/0000-0002-3466-0088 NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 82 IS 1 BP 96 EP 103 DI 10.1139/B03-143 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 778HZ UT WOS:000189234800010 ER PT J AU Massa, AN Jensen, KB Larson, SR Hole, DJ AF Massa, AN Jensen, KB Larson, SR Hole, DJ TI Morphological variation in Bromus sect. Ceratochloa germplasm of Patagonia SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE Bromus; morphology; multivariate analysis; Patagonia; taxonomy ID BROMEAE; POACEAE; ZEALAND AB South American representatives of Bromus sect. Ceratochloa make up a morphologically diverse group of grasses indigenous to the southern Andes of Argentina and Chile. The objectives of the present study were to describe patterns of morphological variation among 30 accessions representing six species (Bromus catharticus Vahl, Bromus coloratus Steud., Bromus lithobius Trin., Bromus mango E. Desv., Bromus stamineus E. Desv., and Bromus tunicatus Phil.) in a common garden, correlate morphological and previously obtained molecular data, and develop a taxonomic treatment within sect. Ceratochloa of South America. Plant materials included 28 hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42) and 2 octoploid (2n = 8x = 56) accessions. Based on multivariate analyses of 24 characters, the two octoploid accessions formed an isolated, well-defined group, while the hexaploids formed two less-defined groups. Characterized by lemma awns longer than 3 mm, one group consisted of those accessions of B. coloratus, B. lithobius, and B. stamineus, whereas the other group consisted of B. catharticus, B. mango, and B. tunicatus. A significant Mantel test statistic (r = 0.70, P = 0.001) suggested a high correlation between morphological variation and DNA polymorphism. Taken together, our results indicated that the hexaploid complex should be described as a single variable species (B. cathar ticus), with two nearly continuous groups: B. catharticus subsp. catharticus (Vahl) Herter and B. catharticus subsp. stamineus (E. Desv.) Massa. Based on nomenclature priority and type specimen designations, the octoploid accessions should be described as Bromus coloratus. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Jensen, KB (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM kevin@cc.usu.edu RI Hole, David/A-7173-2008; OI Hole, David/0000-0003-1325-3181; Larson, Steve/0000-0003-2742-2134 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 82 IS 1 BP 136 EP 144 DI 10.1139/B03-133 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 778HZ UT WOS:000189234800014 ER PT J AU Jones, JK Webb, BW Jimenez, D Reardon, J Butler, B AF Jones, JK Webb, BW Jimenez, D Reardon, J Butler, B TI Development of an advanced one-dimensional stem heating model for application in surface fires SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB A new one-dimensional heat conduction model for predicting stem heating during fires is presented. The model makes use of moisture- and temperature-dependent thermal properties for layers of bark and wood. The thermal aspects of the processes of bark swelling, desiccation, and devolatilization are treated in an approximate fashion. An energy balance reveals that simulation with a heat flux input boundary condition requires that these phenomena be accounted for. Previous models have used temperature-time boundary conditions, which prevents them from being used in conjunction with fire behavior models. This model uses a flux-time profile for its boundary condition, making it possible to eventually couple it to fire behavior models. The model was developed and validated with laboratory experiments on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) samples. It is intended that this model be used in conjunction with fire behavior and cell mortality models to make predictions of stem heating related mortality before prescribed burns. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. US Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, USDA, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Webb, BW (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM webb@byu.edu NR 17 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 34 IS 1 BP 20 EP 30 DI 10.1139/X03-187 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 775EP UT WOS:000189028000002 ER PT J AU Moore, JA Hamilton, DA Xiao, Y Byrne, J AF Moore, JA Hamilton, DA Xiao, Y Byrne, J TI Bedrock type significantly affects individual tree mortality for various conifers in the inland Northwest, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; HABITAT TYPE; DOUGLAS-FIR; ROCK TYPE; GROWTH; MODEL; STAND; PINE AB Individual tree mortality models for western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), grand fir (Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.), western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex. D. Don), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) were developed using data from permanent research plots located throughout the inland Northwest. The proposed linear logistic models included the following independent variables: diameter at breast height, basal area in larger trees, basal area per hectare, individual tree diameter increment, and a set of dummy variables for the six bedrock types, which were granite, basalt, metasedimentary, sedimentary, mixed - glacial till, and deep deposit. The results show that rock type significantly affects individual tree mortality for western white pine, Douglas-fir, and western redcedar, while grand fir, western hemlock, and western larch were not affected. Western white pine and Douglas-fir growing on meta sedimentary rocks exhibited greater mortality probabilities than on other rocks. Mortality probabilities for western hemlock were low across all rock types, including "nutrient-poor" rocks like metasedimentary types. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Moore, JA (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jamoore@uidaho.edu NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 34 IS 1 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.1139/X03-196 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 775EP UT WOS:000189028000003 ER PT J AU Jensen, KB Asay, KH Johnson, DA Waldron, BL AF Jensen, KB Asay, KH Johnson, DA Waldron, BL TI Carbon isotope discrimination of tall fescue cultivars across an irrigation gradient SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Festuca arundinacea; forage yield; water-use efficiency; line source; delta ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; LINE-SOURCE SPRINKLER; COOL-SEASON GRASSES; CRESTED WHEATGRASS; GENETIC VARIANCES; GAS-EXCHANGE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; YIELD; ORCHARDGRASS; SELECTION AB Carbon isotope discrimination (Delta) has been proposed as an indirect criterion for evaluating water-use efficiency; however, limited information is available regarding the relationship between Delta and dry matter yield (DMY) at different levels of irrigation. Ten cultivars of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were established in the field under a line-source irrigation system and defoliated five to six times per growing season. Objectives of our 2-yr study were to evaluate: (i) trends in Delta across a gradient of four water levels (WL-2, wettest to WL-5, driest) at a mid-summer harvest, (ii) the consistency among grass cultivars at one WL across two harvest dates, and (iii) relationships between Delta and DMY within and across water levels. Consistent and significant differences (P < 0.05) were found among cultivars for Delta when evaluated at WL-2 for Harvests 2 and 4 in successive years. Cultivars also differed significantly for Delta (P < 0.01) across four water levels when evaluated at Harvest 4. Relative differences among cultivars were consistent across water levels and between harvest dates. Although a curvilinear trend was evident for some cultivars, mean A values decreased in a near linear manner from WL-2 to WL-5. Based on orthogonal polynomials, the mean trend across water levels was partitioned as 95% linear and 5% quadratic. Correlations between A and DMY were nonsignificant at the higher water levels (WL-2 and 3), but correlations were positive at the lower water levels (WL-4 and 5). We conclude that under lower water levels, selection for low Delta in tall fescue cultivars will likely lead to decreased forage yield. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah Agr Exp Sta, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Jensen, KB (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM kevin@cc.usu.edu NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA STE 1112, 141 LAURIER AVE WEST, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5J3, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 84 IS 1 BP 157 EP 162 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 809IS UT WOS:000220631000018 ER PT J AU Crott, JW Choi, SW Ordovas, JM Ditelberg, JS Mason, JB AF Crott, JW Choi, SW Ordovas, JM Ditelberg, JS Mason, JB TI Effects of dietary folate and aging on gene expression in the colonic mucosa of rats: implications for carcinogenesis SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; HUMAN COLORECTAL-CANCER; DNA STRAND BREAKS; I IGF-I; URACIL MISINCORPORATION; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; GROWTH-FACTOR; PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; ACID AB Folate depletion and aging are risk factors for colorectal cancer. We investigated the effects of folate status and aging on gene expression in the rat colon. Young (weanling) and older (12 month) rats were fed folic acid depleted (0 mg/kg) and supplemented (8 mg/kg) diets for 20 weeks. Gene expression was measured in colonic mucosal scrapings (n = 3 per group) using oligonucleotide arrays (Affymetrix U34A). Folate depletion induced the up-regulation of immune-related genes, urokinase and inducible nitric oxide synthase and the down-regulation of adhesion molecules (protocadherin-4, nidogen and integrin alphaV) and vascular endothelial growth factor in young rats. The abbreviated response to depletion in old rats (62 changes versus 136 in the young) included up-regulation of caspase-2 and deleted in colon cancer. Gene expression changes due to aging were more abundant in folate depleted than supplemented rats (38 versus 119 genes, respectively). In folate-deficient rats, aging induced the down-regulation of immune-related genes, urokinase, p53, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 and vav-1 oncogene. In folate supplemented rats, aging induced the down-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and caspase-2. Lower expression of adhesion molecules and higher expression of urokinase with folate depletion in young rats may indicate that cell detachment and migration, cancer-related processes, may be modulated by folate status. An age-related decline in p53 and IGF-BP3 expression was only observed in folate depleted animals, indicating that folate supplementation may reduce the risk for age-associated cancers by suppressing deleterious changes in the expression of certain genes. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts New England Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA USA. RP Crott, JW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jimmy.crott@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA59005-05S1, R03 CA96004-01] NR 41 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD JAN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 1 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.1093/carcin/bgg150 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 762MG UT WOS:000187975700008 PM 12970065 ER PT J AU Arendt, WJ AF Arendt, WJ TI A quarter century of variation in color and allometric characteristics of eggs from a rain forest population of the Pearly-eyed Thrasher (Margarops fuscatus) SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE allometric; egg; Margarops fuscatus; morphology; Pearly-eyed Thrasher; Puerto Rico; passerines ID TIT PARUS-MAJOR; STARLINGS STURNUS-VULGARIS; BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD; SIZE VARIATION; AVIAN EGGS; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; FICEDULA-HYPOLEUCA; PIED FLYCATCHERS; LAYING SEQUENCE; BODY-WEIGHT AB Egg color, size, and shape vary considerably within and among female Pearly-eyed Thrashers (Margarops fuscatus). Results of a 25-yr study (1979-2004) are presented to provide comparative data. In a sample of 4,128 eggs, typical shape was prolate spheroid; but several variations were observed, depending on the age, stature, and physiological condition of the female, as well as environmental influences such as the availability of essential nutrients. From a subset of 3,867 eggs measured between 1979 and 2000, a species-specific egg shape, or elongation index of 1.44 was derived (mean=1.44; SD=0.07; range=0.93-1.85). Pooling eggs from among completed clutches of 1-4 eggs in each (mode=3), the average egg measured 32.40 mm in length (SE=0.02; range=18.13-38.97 mm) and 22.50 mm in breadth (SE=0.01; range=16.81-33.61 mm). Observed average fresh egg mass for a set of 3,581 eggs was 8.8 g. Of three standard formulae used to predict average fresh egg mass, Rahn et al. (1985) was the most accurate (8.7 g). Averaging five standard formulae resulted in an egg volume of ca. 7.0 cm(3). In the Pearly-eyed Thrasher, egg size and mass tended to decrease just as it does in several non-passerine species. Light clutch mass relative to body mass is a preadaptation that increases Margarops' potential of laying more clutches throughout its reproductive life, thus enhancing its lifetime reproductive success and ensuring its continual survival in the region. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Sabana Res Stn, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. RP Arendt, WJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Sabana Res Stn, HC 2 Box 6205, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. EM warendt@fs.fed.us NR 96 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2004 VL 40 IS 2 BP 204 EP 217 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 846BF UT WOS:000223288900005 ER PT J AU Krishna, GK Zhang, JF Burow, M Pittman, RN Delikostadinov, SG Lu, YZ Puppala, N AF Krishna, GK Zhang, JF Burow, M Pittman, RN Delikostadinov, SG Lu, YZ Puppala, N TI Genetic diversity analysis in Valencia peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) using microsatellite markers SO CELLULAR & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE DNA; genetic diversity; peanut; simple sequence repeat ID CULTIVATED PEANUT; LINKAGE MAP; RFLP; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM; COLLECTION; GENOTYPES AB Cultivated peanut or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L) is an important source of oil and protein. Considerable variation has been recorded for morphological, physiological and agronomic traits, whereas few molecular variations have been recorded for this crop. The identification and understanding of molecular genetic diversity in cultivated peanut types will help in effective genetic conservation along with efficient breeding programs in this crop. The New Mexico breeding program has embarked upon a program of improvement of Valencia peanut (belonging to the sub species fastigiata), because efforts to improve the yield potential are lacking due to lack of identified divergent exotic types. For the first time, this study has shown molecular diversity using microsatellite markers in the cultivated Valencia peanut (sub spp. fastigiata) from around the globe. In this investigation, 48 cultivated Valencia peanut genotypes have been selected and analyzed using 18 fluorescently labeled SSR (f-SSR) primer pairs. These primer pairs amplified 120 polymorphic loci among the genotypes screened and amplified from 3 to 19 alleles with an average of 6.9 allele per primer pair. The f-SSR marker data was further analyzed using cluster algorithms and principal component analysis. The results indicated that (1) considerable genetic variations were discovered among the analyzed genotypes; (2) The f-SSR based clustering could identify the putative pedigree types of the present Valencia types of diverse origins, and (3) The f-SSR in general is sufficient to obtain estimates of genetic divergence for the material in study. The results are being utilized in our breeding program for parental selection and linkage map construction. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Texas A&M Res Ctr, Lubbock, TX USA. USDA ARS, Griffin, GA USA. Inst Plant Genet Resources, Sadovo, Bulgaria. Agr Sci Ctr Clovis, Clovis, NM 88101 USA. RP Puppala, N (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM npuppala@nmsu.edu NR 35 TC 28 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU CELLULAR & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LETTERS PI WROCLAW PA UNIV WROCLAW, INST BIOCHEM, DEPT GENETIC BIOCHEMISTRY, PRZBYSZEWSKIEGO 63/77, 51-148 WROCLAW, POLAND SN 1425-8153 J9 CELL MOL BIOL LETT JI Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett. PY 2004 VL 9 IS 4A BP 685 EP 697 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 884TR UT WOS:000226109800010 PM 15647791 ER PT J AU Lawton, JW AF Lawton, JW TI Plasticizers for zein: Their effect on tensile properties and water absorption of zein films SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-BASED FILMS; VAPOR PERMEABILITY; EDIBLE PROTEIN; CORN; CELLULOSE AB Cast zein films are brittle at room conditions, so plasticizers are added to make them more flexible. The tensile properties of these films are known to be affected by the relative humidity (RH) of the ambient air. However, little is known about how the plasticizers are affected by RH. Cast zein films were plasticized with either glycerol (GLY), triethylene glycol (TEG), dibutyl tartrate (DBT), levulinic acid (LA), polyethylene glycol 300 (PEG), or oleic acid (OA). Mechanical properties and moisture content (MC) of the films were measured after one week of storage at 3, 20, 50, 70, 81, and 93% RH. The relative humidity of the films' storage had a great effect on the films' tensile properties. All the films' tensile strength and Young's modulus values decreased as RH increased. Films containing DBT, TEG, LA, or PEG showed an increase in the percent elongation with increasing RH. Films containing GLY, OA, or no plasticizer did not show any increase in percent elongation as RH increased. The changes seen in tensile properties with increasing RH are because of zein's hygroscopic nature. The absorbed water will further plasticize the zein. The type of plasticizer used determined the extent of the changes seen in the tensile properties of films stored at different RH values. Depending on the plasticizers used in the film, there were large differences in the amount of water absorbed. Films increasingly absorbed water depending on the plasticizer they contained in the order GLY > TEG > LA > PEG > NONE > DBT > OA. Films containing hygroscopic plasticizers like TEG absorbed too much water at high RE and became weak, but they absorbed enough water at lower RH values to not be brittle. While films containing the more hydrophobic plasticizer DBT were brittle at intermediate RH values, they had good mechanical properties at high RH values. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Lawton, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM lawtonjw@ncaur.usda.gov NR 19 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 46 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 81 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2004.81.1.1 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 764QF UT WOS:000188217000001 ER PT J AU Graybosch, R Ames, N Baenziger, PS Peterson, CJ AF Graybosch, R Ames, N Baenziger, PS Peterson, CJ TI Genotypic and environmental modification of Asian noodle quality of hard winter wheats SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FLOUR SWELLING VOLUME; BAKING QUALITY; STARCH; LINES; GENES AB The relative effects of environment, genotype, and their interactions on the modification of Asian noodle quality attributes were assessed using 38 winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and breeding lines grown in replicated trials at three Nebraska locations in harvest year 2000. Noodle color was determined in both white salted and yellow alkaline procedures, and noodle textural features were investigated by producing white salted noodles. Significant environmental, genotypic, and genotype-by-environment variation was observed for nearly all initial and 24-hr noodle color traits in both types of noodles. Significant genotypic effects were observed for several textural traits, while significant environmental effects were observed only for noodle hardness and water uptake. However, among the noodle textural traits, the genotype-by-environment interaction was significant only for noodle firmness. High and significant phenotypic correlations were observed between color traits in the two noodle applications. Genetic correlations were of lower magnitude, indicating the possibility of breeding wheats specifically for various noodle color types. Strong negative phenotypic and genetic correlations were observed between flour protein content and noodle brightness (L*) values in both yellow alkaline and white-salted applications. Textural traits largely were independent of noodle color traits. When significant phenotypic or genetic correlations were observed between variable pairs, invariably similar correlations were observed with flour protein content. Noodle cutting force, cutting area, and final thickness showed strong phenotypic and genetic correlations with each other and with protein content. These variables largely were independent of noodle firmness and hardness, which were, in turn, more dependent on alleles at the wheat wx-A1 and wx-B1 (waxy) loci. Noodle firmness was greatest in flours from wild-type wheats; lines with a null allele only at the wx-A1 locus did not differ from wild-type. Softest noodles were produced from lines carrying null alleles at both wx-A1 and wx-B1, while lines with a null only at wx-B1 were intermediate in softness. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Graybosch, R (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, 344 Keim, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM rag@unlserve.unl.edu RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 21 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 81 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2004.81.1.19 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 764QF UT WOS:000188217000005 ER PT J AU Tilley, M AF Tilley, M TI PCR amplification of wheat sequences from DNA extracted during milling and baking SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; CHAIN-REACTION PCR; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; DURUM-WHEAT; IDENTIFICATION; PRODUCTS; FOOD; CONTAMINATION; ADULTERATION; RESIDUES AB DNA-based analyses are highly sensitive and specific. Because processing steps can have profound effects on the proteins and DNA present in foods, this project examined the effects of breadmaking on wheat DNA size and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection of sequences. DNA was extracted from wheat kernels, milling fractions, and flour, and from samples taken at various steps during and after the baking process. Kernels contained primarily high molecular weight DNA (>12,000 base pairs [bp]), whereas flour DNA exhibited a broad range of molecular weights from >12,000 bp to <300 bp. A marked reduction in DNA yield and size occurred after the first 5 min of baking. PCR successfully amplified products of both high and low copy number genes, even from DNA extracted from bread loaves five days after baking. However, successful amplification required that the maximum product size be no more than the average molecular weight of the DNA recovered from the source. The data also demonstrate that PCR can be used to detect the presence of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), a minor ingredient. C1 USDA, ARS, Grain Mkt & Product Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Tilley, M (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Grain Mkt & Product Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS USA. EM mtilley@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 81 IS 1 BP 44 EP 47 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2004.81.1.44 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 764QF UT WOS:000188217000009 ER PT J AU Ji, Y Pollak, LM Duvick, S Seetharaman, K Dixon, PM White, PJ AF Ji, Y Pollak, LM Duvick, S Seetharaman, K Dixon, PM White, PJ TI Gelatinization properties of starches from three successive generations of six exotic corn lines grown in two locations SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-PROPERTIES; INBRED LINES; TEMPERATURE; GERMPLASM; GENOTYPES AB The objectives of this research were to evaluate the intra- and interpopulation variability in gelatinization properties of starches from exotic corn lines and their derivatives when grown 1) during two successive years in the same location; and 2) in both temperate and tropical environments. Six novel exotic corn lines (two 100% exotic and four 25% exotic derived from a breeding cross developed by crossing an exotic hybrid with Corn Belt lines) were selected for this research because their starches have significantly different (and potentially useful) thermal properties from those found in starch from normal Corn Belt corn. The S-n (n = 3 for 25% exotic lines and n = 1 for 100% exotic lines) generations of the six exotic lines were self-pollinated and grown in the winter nursery in Puerto Rico. Two successive generations (Sn+1 and Sn+2) of lines selected for low onset of gelatinization temperature were self-pollinated and grown in the same environment near Ames, IA. To evaluate the effect of environment, the Sn+2 generation also was self-pollinated and grown in the winter nursery in Puerto Rico. Thermal properties of starches from 10 single kernels from each line were analyzed by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at a ratio of 4 mg of dry starch to 8 mg of distilled water. After subsequent generations, the differences in DSC gelatinization properties between selected kernels within each progeny line narrowed, suggesting increased homogeneity of starch structural properties within each line. Unusual thermal properties were fixed in some progeny lines. Environmental factors also affected the thermal properties of starch and a significant interaction between environment and genotype was observed. These results suggest that introgression of adapted germplasm with useful genes from exotic corn would increase the available genetic variability for starch functionality and allow the development of hybrids with important value-added traits. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, Corn Genet Res Unit,Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP White, PJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM pjwhite@iastate.edu NR 22 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 81 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2004.81.1.59 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 764QF UT WOS:000188217000013 ER PT J AU Pasikatan, MC Dowell, FE AF Pasikatan, MC Dowell, FE TI High-speed NIR segregation of high- and low-protein single wheat seeds SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; ENDOSPERM; KERNELS; GRAIN; QUALITY AB Wheat breeders need a nondestructive method to rapidly sort high- or low-protein single kernels from samples for their breeding programs. For this reason, a commercial color sorter equipped with near-infrared filters was evaluated for its potential to sort high- and low-protein single wheat kernels. Hard red winter and hard white wheat cultivars with protein content >12.5% (classed as high-protein, 12% moisture basis) or <11.5% (classed as low-protein) were blended in proportions of 50:50 and 95:5 (or 5:95) mass. These wheat blends were sorted using five passes that removed 10% of the mass for each pass. The bulk protein content of accepted kernels (accepts) and rejected kernels (rejects) were measured for each pass. For 50:50 blends, the protein in the first-pass rejects changed as much as 1%. For the accepts, each pass changed the protein content of accepts by approximate to0.1%, depending on wheat blends. At most, two re-sons of accepts would be required to move 95:5 blends in the direction of the dominant protein content. The 95:5 and 50:50 blends approximate the low- and high-protein mixture range of early generation wheat populations, and thus the sorter has potential to aid breeders in purifying samples for developing high- or low-protein wheat. Results indicate that sorting was partly driven by color and vitreousness differences between high- and low-protein fractions. Development of a new background specific for high- or low-protein and fabrication of better optical filters for protein might help improve the sorter performance. C1 USDA ARS, Engn Res Unit, Grain Marketing & Product Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Engn Res Unit, Grain Marketing & Product Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM fdowell@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 23 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 81 IS 1 BP 145 EP 150 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2004.81.1.145 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 764QF UT WOS:000188217000026 ER PT J AU Russo, VM Collins, JK Perkins-Veazie, P Smith, T AF Russo, VM Collins, JK Perkins-Veazie, P Smith, T TI Carbohydrate distribution in stalks and ears of sweet maize with different endosperm genotypes SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE carbohydrates; water soluble polysaccharides; sweet maize; Zea mays ID CORN; EXPRESSION; QUALITY AB Knowledge about the distribution of sugars in vegetative tissues can provide information about levels of carbohydrates in kernels of sweet maize (Zea mays L.). Levels of fructose, glucose, sucrose and their total were determined over time in stalks and ears in the sweet maize cvs. Summer Flavor #72Y, Merit, and Supersweet Jubilee, which have respectively, the su1se1, su1, or sh2 endosperm types. Internode 9 (19), which is generally formed below the first ear, was sampled from the 12-leaf stage to fresh-market maturity (R3). Entire developing ears were sampled when tassels were extended but unfolded (VN) and at silking (R1). Kernel and cob tissues were sampled separately at blister (R2) and R3 stages. Levels of individual sugars, their total, and levels of starch, water soluble polysaccharides (WSP), and total extractable carbohydrates (added values for individual sugars, WSP, and starch) were determined in kernels at R2 and R3. In 19, levels of fructose and glucose decreased, and sucrose increased in all cultivars after R1. In developing ears levels of fructose, glucose and total sugar increased from VN to R1 in all cultivars. In cobs, total sugars decreased at R3. In kernels, the sh2 endosperm type cultivar had the highest sugar contents. There was more sucrose in kernels at R3 and more total sugar at R2. The sh2 endosperm type cultivar had the lowest WSP and the highest total carbohydrate levels in kernels at R3. Large changes in sugar content occurs in stalks after R1 and factors interrupting sugar metabolism at this stage, or earlier, may affect levels of sugars in kernels. C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. SE Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Stn A, Durant, OK 74701 USA. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, POB 159, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM vrusso-usda@lane-ag.org NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU CEREAL RES INST PI SZEGED PA POB 391, 6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 2004 VL 32 IS 1 BP 91 EP 98 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 812VZ UT WOS:000220868300012 ER PT J AU Kelley, RY Zipf, AE Wesenberg, DE Sharma, GC AF Kelley, RY Zipf, AE Wesenberg, DE Sharma, GC TI Comparative evaluation of three tissue culture methods for the improvement of plant regeneration from diverse oat (Avena spp. L.) genotypes SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE callus; embryo; multiple meristems; organogenesis; regeneration; somatic embryogenesis ID SATIVA L.; CULTIVARS AB Seven regenerable oat genotypes were cultured via callus, multiple meristem and multiple meristem-to-callus combinations to produce plants. Meristem-to-callus refers to the induction of multiple meristems under reduced auxin followed by the initiation and proliferation of callus from such multiple meristems under high auxin-containing media. Numbers of regenerated plants from all three tissue culture methods were significantly higher (P=0.05) in GP-l than in other genotypes. In the GP-1 x Corbit and Corbit x GP-1 genotypes, higher plant numbers were observed when GP-1 was the maternal parent. For Corbit, an agronomically important oat genotype, tissue culture methods using callus and meristem-to-callus produced more plants per gram than using multiple meristem cultures alone. The meristem-to-callus method, in particular, produced substantial numbers of plants per gram in Corbit. C1 Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Zipf, AE (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM aamzip01@aamu.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CEREAL RES INST PI SZEGED PA POB 391, 6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 2004 VL 32 IS 1 BP 113 EP 118 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 812VZ UT WOS:000220868300015 ER PT J AU Doehlert, DC McMullen, MS Jannink, JL Panigrahi, S Gu, HZ Riveland, N AF Doehlert, DC McMullen, MS Jannink, JL Panigrahi, S Gu, HZ Riveland, N TI Influence of oat kernel size and size distributions on test weight SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE oats; Avena sativa; bulk density; test weight; groat percentage AB Test weight is one of the most important characteristics for evaluating grain quality in oats. This study evaluated the role of oat kernel size and size distributions on test weight. Oat kernel size was measured from digital image analysis, sequential sieving and mean kernel mass of original oat samples and their different size fractions. Data from ten genotypes and eight environments indicated that smaller sized kernel fractions derived by sieving had higher bulk density than those from the larger sized kernel fraction. The smaller kernels also had greater groat percentages, indicating greater kernel density in smaller size fractions. To investigate a possible packing effect of different kernel sizes on test weight, the summation of volumes of size fractions was compared with the volume of the original sample. Our results indicated no significant differences between the volumes of the original sample and the sum of the volumes of their size fractions. This indicated that oats of uniform size packed just as efficiently as a mixture of different size kernels. A similar experiment evaluating bulk densities of the different size fractions reached the same conclusion. These results indicate that the test weight drops observed in seed cleaning, where the smaller kernels are removed, are due to the removal of the most dense kernels in the sample, and not to a packing effect, where smaller kernels might fill in spaces between larger kernels. C1 N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr Engn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Williston Res Extens Ctr, Williston, ND 58801 USA. RP Doehlert, DC (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM douglas.doehlert@ndsu.nodak.edu NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU CEREAL RES INST PI SZEGED PA POB 391, 6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 2004 VL 32 IS 1 BP 135 EP 142 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 812VZ UT WOS:000220868300018 ER PT J AU Poss, JA Zeng, LH Grieve, CM AF Poss, JA Zeng, LH Grieve, CM TI Carbon isotope discrimination and salt tolerance of rice genotypes SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SALINITY; STRESS; YIELD; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CULTIVARS; GROWTH; WHEAT AB Rice genotypes were evaluated for salt tolerance in a greenhouse based upon stable carbon isotope analysis under salt stress (EC = 8 dSm(-1)) and non-stressed (1 dSm(-1)) conditions. Ten seedlings from each replicate and genotype were randomly sampled at 25 or 33 days after sowing (DAS). Values for carbon isotope discrimination (Delta) were obtained from dried and homogenized seedling tissue of twelve genotypes. Rice genotypes were ranked from high to low salt tolerance based on whole plant average maximum Delta of these two salt levels at these two early growth stages. Differences in fractionation among genotypes were observed at 25 and 33 DAS. Fractionation effects of salinity stress on Delta were significantly different among genotypes at 33 DAS, but not at 25 DAS. The salt tolerant cultivar maintained significantly higher average flag leaf tissue Delta than did the sensitive cultivar. Flag leaves of salt stressed rice maintained higher Delta than predicted for these two genotypes based a theoretical Delta value. The lack of greater reductions in leaf tissue Delta of salt stressed rice genotypes may the result of an increased contribution of respired carbon to the total carbon budget of rice leaves. C1 USDA, ARS George E Brown, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Poss, JA (reprint author), USDA, ARS George E Brown, Jr Salin Lab 450 W Bog Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Jposs@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CEREAL RES INST PI SZEGED PA POB 391, 6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 339 EP 346 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 860GZ UT WOS:000224331800006 ER PT J AU Russo, VM Collins, JK Perkins-Veazie, P AF Russo, VM Collins, JK Perkins-Veazie, P TI Carbohydrate distribution in a sweet maize with the sugar enhanced endosperm genotype SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE carbohydrates; sweet corn; transport paths; Zea mays ID ZEA-MAYS-L; SUCROSE SYNTHASE; SINK STRENGTH; CORN; METABOLISM; STARCH; ORGANS; STALK; TRANSLOCATION; EXPRESSION AB Knowing how sugar content changes in the whole plant could be useful for predicting sugar content in sweet maize (Zea mays L.) kernels at fresh-market maturity. Levels of fructose, glucose, sucrose, and their total were determined in various tissues over time in the sweet maize cv. Summer Flavor #72Y (su1se1 endosperm). From the 12-leaf to fresh-market maturity stages, Internode 9 that is generally formed below the first ear, was sampled. Entire developing ears were sampled when tassels were extended but unfolded, and at silking. Kernel and cob tissues were sampled separately at blister and fresh-market maturity stages. Patterns of correlations indicated that levels of sugars in vegetative tissues at various developmental stages are interdependent with levels of sugars in kernels. Factors affecting development of plants prior to anthesis may affect sugar levels in kernels at fresh-market maturity. C1 USDA, ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, POB 159, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM vrusso-usda@lane-ag.org NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO RT PI BUDAPEST PA PRIELLE K U 19, PO BOX 245,, H-1117 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 347 EP 353 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 860GZ UT WOS:000224331800007 ER PT J AU Li, RM Kang, MJS Moreno, OJ Pollak, LM AF Li, RM Kang, MJS Moreno, OJ Pollak, LM TI Relationship among Aspergillus flavus infection, maize weevil damage, and ear moisture loss in exotic x adapted maize SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus flavus; ear moisture loss rate; germplasm enhancement of maize (GEM); kernel infection rate; maize; maize weevil damage; non-preference; path analysis; resistance ID AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; DRYING RATE; INOCULATION TECHNIQUES; KERNEL INFECTION; CORN HYBRIDS; RESISTANCE; FIELD; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; PERICARP AB Maize (Zea mays L.) kernel infection by Aspergillus flavus and infestation by maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) remain problems in maize production and storage. This study was undertaken to evaluate 61 exotic x adapted breeding crosses obtained from the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) project for A. flavus kernel infection rates (KIR), resistance to maize weevil damage (MWR), and ear moisture loss rate (EMLR) in 1995 and 1996, and to investigate interrelationship among them via correlation and path analyses. Highly significant correlations among the three traits were detected. A direct path effect of MWR on KIR was -0.261 (P=phenotypic) and -0.42 (G=genotypic). The direct effect of KIR on MWR was -0.276 (P) and -0.623 (G). This suggested KIR would decrease when selection is practiced for higher levels of resistance to maize weevil feeding, and vice versa. Direct path coefficient for the EMLR effect on KIR was positive at both P (0.233) and G (0.50) levels. The direct effects of KIR on EMLR were 0.25 (P) and 0.67 (G). The positive association between KIR and EMLR would be unfavorable for simultaneous selection of both traits in the desired direction. The correlation and path analyses for KIR, MWR, and EMLR provided useful information about the traits, which could be used in simultaneous selection to maximize selection gains. The KIR and MWR appeared to be the traits that could be handled in a single breeding program. From an efficiency standpoint, improvement of EMLR should be handled in a separate breeding program. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Dept Agron & Environm Management, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kang, MJS (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Dept Agron & Environm Management, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mKang@agctr.lsu.edu OI Kang, Manjit/0000-0001-5266-2290 NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU CEREAL RES INST PI SZEGED PA POB 391, 6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 371 EP 378 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 860GZ UT WOS:000224331800010 ER PT J AU Zeng, LH AF Zeng, LH TI Response and correlated response of yield parameters to selection for salt tolerance in rice SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE rice; salt tolerance; selection criteria; yield components; genetic correlation; selection response ID SALINITY; COMPONENTS AB Lack of reliable selection criteria is one of the major reasons for the limited success in salt tolerance. This study was designed to determine the responses of yield parameters in rice plants to the selection for salt tolerance. F-2 populations were developed from crosses between `M-202' (salt-sensitive) and 'Agami' (moderately salt-tolerant) and grown in the greenhouse under salt stress (NaCl and CaCl2, 5:1 molar concentration). Selections were made among the F-2 plants for the highest values of grain weight per plant, tillers per plant, and panicle weight under salt stress. The F-3 populations of the selected F-2 plants and unselected F-2 plants, and their parental plants were evaluated for salt tolerance. Broad-sense heritability and realized heritability of grain weight per plant were determined to be 0.40-0.45 and 0.25, respectively. Higher broad-sense heritability (0.45 to 0.65) and realized heritability (0.42) of tillers per plant suggest this trait is genetically controlled. Moderately high realized heritability indicates the effectiveness of early selection for salt tolerance if tiller number is used as selection criterion. Low genetic correlation between tiller number and panicle weight was identified in F-3 populations derived from the selected F-2 plants. The low genetic correlation indicates the low compensatory relationship between these two yield parameters in equal spaced rice plants under salt stress. C1 USDA, ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Zeng, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM lzeng@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU CEREAL RES INST PI SZEGED PA POB 391, 6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 BP 477 EP 484 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 882UG UT WOS:000225963400009 ER PT S AU Lamikanra, O AF Lamikanra, O BE Hofmann, T Ho, CT Pickenhagen, W TI The role of esterified compounds in the development of staleness in fresh-cut fruit SO CHALLENGES IN TASTE CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Taste Research - Chemical and Physiological Aspects held at the 224th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Amer Chem Soc ID AROMA COMPOUNDS; CONSTITUENTS; CANTALOUPE; STORAGE; STRESS; MELON AB The aroma and taste of most fruits are considerably influenced by esters. Fresh-cut fruit products have considerably shorter shelf life than the intact fruit. Changes in volatile esters of fresh-cut cantaloupe melon and pineapple were determined by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPNE GC-MS). Several volatile ester compounds including methylbutyl acetate, hexyl acetate, ethylisobutyrate, methyl 2-methylbutyrate, ethyl butyrate and ethyl 2-methylbutyrate were present in cantaloupe melon while methyl 2-methylbutanoate, methyl hexanoate, methyl 5-hexenoate, ethyl hexanoate and ethyl 5-hexenoate were the dominant esters identified in pineapple. Storage at 4 degreesC for a period of 24 h. caused significant decreases in total volatiles, aliphatic and aromatic esters in both fruits. Cantaloupe melon hybrids with extended uncut postharvest shelf life had lower amounts of esters than the Mission cultivar. The lack of correlation between postharvest shelf life of whole cantaloupe and the fresh-cut fruit is indicated by the similar loss in esters during storage of cut fruit from the hybrids. Esterase activity measurements in cantaloupe suggest that the catalytic effect of the enzyme occurs very early after fresh-cut processing. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3852-9 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2004 VL 867 BP 263 EP 274 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BY37A UT WOS:000189123400018 ER PT J AU Ezeji, TC Qureshi, N Blaschek, HP AF Ezeji, TC Qureshi, N Blaschek, HP TI Butanol fermentation research: Upstream and downstream manipulations SO CHEMICAL RECORD LA English DT Article DE C. beijerinckii BA101; butanol; pervaporation; liquid-liquid extraction; gas stripping; distillation; batch; fed-batch; continuous fermentation ID CLOSTRIDIUM-BEIJERINCKII BA101; BATCH EXTRACTIVE FERMENTATION; SOLVENT PRODUCTION; PRODUCT RECOVERY; INSITU RECOVERY; MUTANT STRAIN; WHEY PERMEATE; ETHANOL ABE; ACETONE; ACETOBUTYLICUM AB An overview of advances in acetone-butanol fermentation research is presented with specific reference to the history of acetone-butanol fermentation, genetic manipulation of the butanol-producing Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052, as well as upstream and downstream processing. Specific reference is made to the development of the hyperamylolytic, hyper-" butanolagenic" C beijerinckii BA101 strain. Amylolytic enzyme production by C beijerinckii BA101 was 1.8- and 2.5-fold greater than that of the C beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 strain grown in starch and glucose, respectively. We confirmed the presence of a phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS) associated with cell extracts of C beijerinckii BA101 by glucose phosphorylation by PEP and ATP-dependent glucose phosphorylation. It was found that C beijerinckii BA101 was defective in PTS activity and that it compensates for this defect with enhanced glucokinase activity, resulting in an ability to transport and utilize glucose during the solventogenic stage. The principal problem associated with acetone-butanol fermentation by C. beijerinckii or C acetobutylicum is butanol toxicity/inhibition to the culture. To solve this problem, we have attempted various alternative in situ/online techniques of butanol removal including membrane-based systems such as pervaporation, liquid-liquid extraction, and gas stripping. We found that gas stripping and pervaporation appear to be the most promising of the in situ acetone-butanot fermentation and recovery techniques but, in terms of cost-effective industrial applications, gas stripping appears to be the most promising. (C) 2004 The Japan Chemical journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Illinois, Biotechnol & Bioengn Grp, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Fermentat Biotechnol Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Blaschek, HP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Biotechnol & Bioengn Grp, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, 1207 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM blaschek@uiuc.edu RI Ezeji, Thaddeus/D-7171-2015 OI Ezeji, Thaddeus/0000-0002-8384-895X NR 46 TC 136 Z9 154 U1 8 U2 78 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1527-8999 J9 CHEM REC JI Chem. Rec. PY 2004 VL 4 IS 5 BP 305 EP 314 DI 10.1002/tcr.20023 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 878HG UT WOS:000225636800004 PM 15543610 ER PT J AU Cabrera, A Williams, D Hernandez, JV Caetano, FH Jaffe, K AF Cabrera, A Williams, D Hernandez, JV Caetano, FH Jaffe, K TI Metapleural- and postpharyngeal-gland secretions from workers of the ants Solenopsis invicta and S-geminata SO CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY LA English DT Article ID POST-PHARYNGEAL GLANDS; AUSTRALIAN BULL ANT; IMPORTED FIRE ANT; FUNCTIONAL-SIGNIFICANCE; MYRMECIA-GULOSA; DUFOUR GLAND; FATTY-ACIDS; FORMICIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; VENOM AB Chemical analyses by GC-MS of the metapleural glands (MG) from workers of Solenopsis invicta and S. geminata revealed for the first time the chemical composition of these glands and showed small differences between the two species. The MG of both species contain oleic, stearic, linoleic, and palmitic acid. Both ants, in addition, have small but significant amounts of hydrocarbons in their MG reservoir, which are the same as those found in their postpharyngeal glands (PPG). The PPG of both species contain alkanes, alkenes, and Me-branched alkanes. Each species is characterized by a specific composition of PPG chemicals with some overlap between species. These results suggest that the MG synthesizes mainly palmitic, linoleic, oleic, and stearic acids in these two ants, whereas PPG contains hydrocarbon mixes that widely vary between these two phylogenetically related species. C1 ARS, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Cabrera, A (reprint author), Univ Simon Bolivar, Lab Comportamiento, Apartado 89000, Caracas 1080A, Venezuela. EM kjaffe@usb.ve NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1612-1872 J9 CHEM BIODIVERS JI Chem. Biodivers. PY 2004 VL 1 IS 2 BP 303 EP 311 DI 10.1002/cbdv.200490027 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 852OF UT WOS:000223765500008 PM 17191849 ER PT J AU Allison, JD Borden, JH Seybold, SJ AF Allison, JD Borden, JH Seybold, SJ TI A review of the chemical ecology of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) SO CHEMOECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE longhorned beetles; longicorn beetles; roundheaded borers; woodborers; pest management; sex pheromones; kairomones; oviposition stimulants; hydrocarbons; monoterpenoids; flavanoids; phenolics; alpha-hydroxy ketones ID MALE SEX-PHEROMONE; MONOCHAMUS-ALTERNATUS HOPE; SPOTTED LONGICORN BEETLE; PYRRHODERUS BATES COLEOPTERA; HILARIS PASCOE COLEOPTERA; LONGHORNED BORER COLEOPTERA; JAPANESE PINE SAWYER; MIGDOLUS-FRYANUS WESTWOOD; DOUGLAS-FIR LOGS; OLD HOUSE BORER AB This review summarizes the literature related to the chemical ecology of the Cerambycidae and provides a brief overview of cerambycid biology, ecology, economic significance, and management. Beetles in the family Cerambycidae have assumed increasing prominence as pests of forest and shade trees, shrubs, and raw wood products, and as vectors of tree diseases. Exotic species associated with solid wood packing materials have been notable tree killers in North American urban and peri-urban forests. In forested ecosystems native species respond to disturbances such as fires and windstorms, and initiate the biodeterioration of woody tissue. Eggs are laid by females, on or through the bark surface of stem and branch tissue of moribund, recently killed or decomposing woody plants; larval cerambycids (roundheaded woodborers) typically feed in the phloem and later in the xylem. Females will also, in some cases, select living hosts, e.g. adult conifer and angiosperm trees, for oviposition. Research on the chemical ecology of over 70 species has revealed many examples of attractive kairomones (such as floral volatiles, smoke volatiles, trunk and leaf volatiles, and bark beetle pheromones), repellents and deterrents, oviposition stimulants, short- and long-range sex pheromones, and defensive substances. Emerging generalities are that attractants tend to be monoterpenoids and phenolic esters; oviposition stimulants are monoterpenoids and flavanoids; short-range sex pheromones are female-produced, methyl-branched cuticular hydrocarbons; and long-range sex pheromones are male-produced a-hydroxy ketones and (alpha,beta)-diols ranging in length from 6 to 10 carbons. The latter compounds appear to originate from glands in the male thorax; putative defensive substances originate from metasternal secretory pores or mandibular glands. In one unusual case, a flightless, subterranean female that attacks sugar cane produces a sex pheromone that is derived from the amino acid isoleucine. With significantly more than 35,000 species of Cerambycidae worldwide, these generalities will be subject to change as more species are examined. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, PAcific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Phero Tech Inc, Delta, BC V4G 1E9, Canada. RP Allison, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM jalli001@student.ucr.edu NR 283 TC 151 Z9 190 U1 7 U2 75 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0937-7409 J9 CHEMOECOLOGY JI Chemoecology PY 2004 VL 14 IS 3-4 BP 123 EP 150 DI 10.1007/s00049-004-0277-1 PG 28 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 862XY UT WOS:000224526000001 ER PT J AU Neurath, SK Sadeghi, AM Shirmohammadi, A Isensee, AR Torrents, A AF Neurath, SK Sadeghi, AM Shirmohammadi, A Isensee, AR Torrents, A TI Atrazine distribution measured in soil and leachate following infiltration conditions SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE pesticide; transport; pesticide recovery; sorption; infiltration ID SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; TILLAGE; RAINFALL; TRANSPORT; RESIDUE AB Atrazine transport through packed 10 cm soil columns representative of the 0-10 cm soil horizon was observed by measuring the atrazine recovery in the total leachate volume, and upper and lower soil layers following infiltration of 7.5 cm water using a mechanical vacuum extractor (MVE). Measured recoveries were analyzed to understand the influence of infiltration rate and delay time on atrazine transport and distribution in the column. Four time periods (0.28, 0.8, 1.8, and 5.5 h) representing very high to moderate infiltration rates (26.8, 9.4, 4.2, and 1.4 cm/h) were used. Replicate soil columns were tested immediately and following a 2-d delay after atrazine application. Results indicate atrazine recovery in leachate was independent of infiltration rate, but significantly lower for infiltration following a 2-d delay. Atrazine distribution in the 0-1 and 9-10 cm soil layers was affected by both infiltration rate and delay. These results are in contrast with previous field and laboratory studies that suggest that atrazine recovery in the leachate increases with increasing infiltration rate. It appears that the difference in atrazine recovery measured using the MVE and other leaching experiments using intact soil cores from this field site and the rain simulation equipment probably illustrates the effect of infiltrating water interacting with the atrazine present on the soil surface. This work suggests that atrazine mobilization from the soil surface is also dependent on interactions of the infiltrating water with the soil surface, in addition to the rate of infiltration through the surface soil. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Biol Resources Engn Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sadeghi, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Barc W Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2004 VL 54 IS 4 BP 489 EP 496 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.08.017 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 759NX UT WOS:000187744700006 PM 14581051 ER PT J AU Fathalla, B Hamada, K Vannier, E Smith, D Edwards, C Roubenoff, R AF Fathalla, B Hamada, K Vannier, E Smith, D Edwards, C Roubenoff, R TI Effects of aging and cytokine blockade on inflammatory cachexia SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adjuvant arthritis; inflammatory cachexia; IL-1 and TNF ID INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ADJUVANT ARTHRITIS; ALPHA AB Objective To evaluate the role of aging and specific cytokine blockade in the etiology of cachexia caused by adjuvant arthritis (AA), a model of cytokine-associated cachexia. Methods AA was induced in Lewis rats using CIA. In Experiment 1, severity, of AA and inflammatory cachexia was assessed in young (Y, age 2-6 months, n = 132) and old rats (0, age 18-22 months, n = 40). In Experiment 2, young rats were divided into 5 different intervention groups: Saline-injected (n = 66); CFA-injected (n = 78); CFA-injected and treated with IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra, n = 18); CFA-injected and treated with soluble TNF receptor type I (sTNFrI, n = 27); and CFA-injected and treated with both IL-1Ra and sTNFrI (both treatments, n = 8). Results In Experiment 1, young Lewis rats developed more severe arthritis (mean joint score on day 21 = 5.1 +/- 0.3) compared to the old group (0.6 +/- 0.6, p < 0.0001). The young group with AA lost 2.1% of baseline total body weight loss compared to 13.8% total body weight gain in controls (p < 0.0001). In contrast, old rats injected with CFA lost as much weight (-11%) as age-matched saline injected controls (-13%, p > 0.05, n = 18, age 18-22 months). In Experiment 2, mean joint scores in rats treated with IL-1Ra, sTNFrI or both were higher then untreated rats injected with CFA (p <0.0001). Despite this, rats given both IL-lRa and sTNFrI lost less weight on day 16 (p < 0.01) and 21 (p < 0.002) than untreated rats or those rats treated with either IL-1Ra or sTNFrI. Conclusion Lewis rats aged 2-6 months are more susceptible to developing AA than older rats (age range 18-22 months). Inhibition of both IL-1 and TNF is needed to mitigate AA-associated weight loss, and this effect is dissociated from the effect of such inhibition on joint inflammation. C1 Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. Tufts New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, NEPS Lab, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Roubenoff, R (reprint author), Tufts Univ, NEPS Lab, JM USDA HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Roubenoff@mpi.com FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00054]; NIA NIH HHS [AG15797] NR 7 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CLINICAL & EXPER RHEUMATOLOGY PI PISA PA VIA SANTA MARIA 31, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 0392-856X J9 CLIN EXP RHEUMATOL JI Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 22 IS 1 BP 85 EP 90 PG 6 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 774YV UT WOS:000189014700011 PM 15005009 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Fayer, R Ryan, U Upton, SJ AF Xiao, LH Fayer, R Ryan, U Upton, SJ TI Cryptosporidium taxonomy: Recent advances and implications for public health SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; PCR-RFLP ANALYSIS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BETA-TUBULIN GENE; N. SP APICOMPLEXA; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPIC ANALYSIS; QUAIL COLINUS-VIRGINIANUS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR AB There has been an explosion of descriptions of new species of Cryptosporidium during the last two decades. This has been accompanied by confusion regarding the criteria for species designation, largely because of the lack of distinct morphologic differences and strict host specificity among Cryptosporidium spp. A review of the biologic species concept, the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), and current practices for Cryptosporidium species designation calls for the establishment of guidelines for naming Cryptosporidium species. All reports of new Cryptosporidium species should include at least four basic components: oocyst morphology; natural host specificity, genetic characterizations, and compliance with the ICZN. Altogether, 13 Cryptosporidium spp. are currently recognized: C. muris, C. andersoni, C parvum, C. hominis, C. wrairi, C. felis, and C. cannis in mammals; C baileyi, C. meleagridis, and C. galli in birds; C. serpentis and C. saurophilum in reptiles; and C. molnari in fish. With the establishment of a framework for naming Cryptospolidium species and the availability of new taxonomic tools, there should be less confusion associated with the taxonomy of the genus Cryptosporidium. The clarification of Cryptosporidium taxonomy is also useful for understanding the biology of Cryptosporidium spp., assessing the public health significance of Cryptosporidium spp. in animals and the environment, characterizing transmission dynamics, and tracking infection and contamination sources. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. USDA ARS, ANRI, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Murdoch Univ, Div Vet & Biomed Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 257 TC 504 Z9 600 U1 6 U2 40 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 17 IS 1 BP 72 EP + DI 10.1128/CMR.17.1.72-97.2004 PG 27 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 769FX UT WOS:000188616800004 PM 14726456 ER PT B AU Dickson, BG Block, WM Sisk, TD AF Dickson, BG Block, WM Sisk, TD BE VanRiper, C Cole, KL TI Conceptual framework for studying the effects of fuels treatments on avian communities in ponderosa pine forests of northern Arizona SO COLORADO PLATEAU: CULTURAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND PHYSICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Biennial Conference of Research on the Colorado Plateau CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL Flagstaff, AZ SP USGS, CPFS, NO Arizona Univ ID RESTORATION C1 USDA, Forest Serv Rocky Mt, Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Dickson, BG (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv Rocky Mt, Res Stn, SW Forest Sci Complex,2500 S Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ARIZONA PRESS PI TUCSON PA 355 S EUCLID AVE, STE 103, TUCSON, AZ 85719 USA BN 0-8165-2408-4 PY 2004 BP 193 EP 200 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BY84R UT WOS:000189477200017 ER PT J AU Jefts, SS Fernandez, IJ Rustad, LE Dail, DB AF Jefts, SS Fernandez, IJ Rustad, LE Dail, DB TI Comparing methods for assessing forest soil net nitrogen mineralization and net nitrification SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID HUMID TROPICS; N DYNAMICS; MAINE; USA; FERTILIZATION; SATURATION; ELEVATION; RESPONSES; GRADIENT; INDEXES AB A variety of analytical techniques are used to evaluate rates of nitrogen (N) mineralization and nitrification in soils.. The diversity of methods takes on added significance in forest ecosystem research where high soil heterogeneity and multiple soil horizons can make comparisons over time and space even more complex than in agricultural Ap horizons. This study compares (a) the three most common incubation periods (7, 14, and 28 day) used in potential net N mineralization and nitrification measurements, and (b) three methods of net nitrification assessment (potential net nitrification, in situ net nitrification, and nitrification potential) in the context of a long-term, paired-watershed N manipulation experiment. Results suggest that the 28-day incubation may be most appropriate in these northeastern U.S. forest soils to allow time for patterns of N dynamics to emerge following the disturbance associated with sampling and incubation. All nitrification measurement methods studied showed similar effects of forest type and watershed treatments. Each method could be an appropriate choice depending on objectives. The nitrification potential method should be studied further to determine its sensitivity to detect alterations in N dynamics in forest soils. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Harvard Univ, Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Fernandez, IJ (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Deering Hall 1, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM ivanjf@maine.edu NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2004 VL 35 IS 19-20 BP 2875 EP 2890 DI 10.1081/LCSS-200036479 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 874XY UT WOS:000225385200013 ER PT J AU Runion, GB Prior, SA Reeves, DW Rogers, HH Reicosky, DC Peacock, AD White, DC AF Runion, GB Prior, SA Reeves, DW Rogers, HH Reicosky, DC Peacock, AD White, DC TI Microbial responses to wheel-traffic in conventional and no-tillage systems SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE dehydrogenase; microbial biomass; phospholipid fatty acid; residue management; soil compaction ID SOIL CARBON; NITROGEN; AGROECOSYSTEM; MANAGEMENT; BIOMASS; CORN AB Traffic-induced soil compaction and tillage systems can impact the productivity and sustainability of agricultural soils. The objective of this study was to assess the response of soil microbial populations to wheel-traffic in two tillage systems on a Norfolk loamy sand (Typic Kandiudults; FAO classification Luxic Ferralsols). Experimental variables were with and without traffic under conventional tillage (disk harrow twice, chisel plow, field cultivator-planter) vs. no tillage employed in a split-plot design with four replications; main plots were traffic and subplots were tillage. Soil samples were collected from 0-2 and 2-4-cm depths, sieved (2 mm), and used to assess soilwater content, microbial biomass nitrogen (N), dehydrogenase, and microbial characterization using phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Traffic increased soil-water content, had little affect on microbial biomass N, and increased microbial activity (no-till plots only) likely due to increased amounts of residue. Soil-water content, microbial biomass N, PLFA estimates of microbial biomass, and microbial activity were all consistently higher in no-till compared to conventional tillage plots. Data from this study suggest that conventional tillage results in a lower, more static, possibly more mature community of microbes while the microbial community under no-till appears to be a younger, more viable growing population. Finally, these data suggest that overall soil quality, at least in the surface soil layer, is improved in agricultural systems employing no-till operations. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. USDA ARS, Campbell Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN USA. Ctr Biomarker Anal, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Runion, GB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM gbrunion@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2004 VL 35 IS 19-20 BP 2891 EP 2903 DI 10.1081/LCSS-200036485 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 874XY UT WOS:000225385200014 ER PT J AU Wray-Cahen, D Fernandez-Figares, I Virtanen, E Steele, NC Caperna, TJ AF Wray-Cahen, D Fernandez-Figares, I Virtanen, E Steele, NC Caperna, TJ TI Betaine improves growth, but does not induce whole body or hepatic palmitate oxidation in swine (Sus scrofa domestica) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE betaine; feed efficiency; growth; hepatocyte; in vitro; in vivo; oxidation; palmitate; swine ID CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; ISOLATED HEPATOCYTES; DIETARY BETAINE; FINISHING PIGS; PORK QUALITY; FATTY-ACIDS; PERFORMANCE; HOMOCYSTEINE; LIVER AB Dietary betaine may reduce carcass fat in growing pigs. We explored the effects of betaine on short-term growth and in vivo and in vitro fatty acid oxidation. Pigs were housed in metabolism crates and fed diets containing either 0% (control), 0.125% or 0.5% betaine at 80% of ad libitum energy intake. Fatty acid oxidation was measured during intravenous infusions of 1-C-13-palmitate and in hepatocytes incubated in the presence or absence of betaine and carnitine. CO, and palmitate isotopic enrichments were determined by mass spectrometry. Pigs consuming 0.125% and 0.5% betaine for at least 9 days had growth rates that were 38% and 12% greater than controls, respectively. Feed efficiency was also improved with betaine. Fasting increased palmitate oxidation rates 7-8-fold (P<0.01), but betaine had no effect in either the fed or fasted state (P>0.1). For hepatocytes, carnitine but not betaine enhanced palmitate oxidation. This response suggests that previously observed reduction in adipose accretion must be via a mechanism other than oxidation. Betaine had no effect on plasma non-esterified fatty acids or urea nitrogen. Under the confinement conditions in this study, dietary betaine improved animal growth responses, but it had no apparent effect on either whole body or hepatic fatty acid oxidation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wray-Cahen, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dwc@cdrh.fda.gov RI Fernandez-Figares, Ignacio/I-9193-2012 OI Fernandez-Figares, Ignacio/0000-0001-6739-2553 NR 23 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 137 IS 1 BP 131 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2003.09.015 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 763DM UT WOS:000188059200013 PM 14720598 ER PT J AU Kharchenko, VA Lichtenfels, JR Kuzmina, TA AF Kharchenko, VA Lichtenfels, JR Kuzmina, TA TI Morphology and diagnosis of fourth-stage larvae of Tridentoinfundibulum gobi (Nematoda, Strongyloidea) parasitizing horses, Equus caballus SO COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nematoda; Strongyloidea; Cyathostominae; Tridentoinfundibulum gobi; fourth-stage larva; morphology; systematics; horse; Equus caballus ID CYATHOSTOMINEA; STRONGYLIDAE AB The fourth-stage larva of Tridentoinfundibulum gobi, one of the rare species of Cyathostominae, is identified and described. The larva was identified as T. gobi as a result of finding molting forms showing characteristics of both larvae and adults. The buccal capsule is large and spherical; its width exceeds its depth. The buccal capsule walls are thick, gradually narrowed to the apical edge and abruptly narrowed to the posterior edge. The esophageal funnel has 3 large, triangular teeth projecting into the buccal cavity similar to those of Triodontophorus spp. and Gyalocephalus capitatus. The fourth-stage larva of T. gobi can be distinguished by its buccal capsule having a smaller diameter than the esophagus. In addition, the buccal capsule of T. gobi fourth-stage larvae is wider than deep but is as deep or deeper than wide in the fourth-stage larvae of Triodontophorus spp., and the buccal teeth of T. gobi fourth-stage larvae are much more steeply pointed and have smoother anterior edges than those of G. capitatus. C1 Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, II Schmalhausen Inst Zool, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine. USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lichtenfels, JR (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, II Schmalhausen Inst Zool, Vul B Khmelnytskogo 15, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine. EM vit@nas.gov.ua; rlichten@anri.barc.usda.gov; rhabdias@carrier.kiev.ua RI Kharchenko, Vitaliy/F-2426-2010 OI Kharchenko, Vitaliy/0000-0002-3824-2078 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1525-2647 J9 COMP PARASITOL JI Comp. Parasitol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 71 IS 1 BP 73 EP 77 DI 10.1654/4101 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 765PV UT WOS:000188293400012 ER PT J AU Biresaw, G Carriere, C AF Biresaw, G Carriere, C TI Compatibility and mechanical properties of blends of polystyrene with biodegradable polyesters SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Institute-of-Chemical-Engineers CY NOV 03-08, 2002 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Inst Chem Engn DE interface/interphase; mechanical properties; injection moulding; polymers ID INTERFACIAL-TENSION; POLYMER BLENDS; FIBERS; BIOCOMPOSITES; MISCIBILITY; COMPOSITES; POLYCAPROLACTONE; ADSORPTION; ADHESION AB Biodegradable polyesters allow the development of acceptable bio-composites and bio-blends from agricultural-based raw materials without impairing their biodegradability and other useful properties. The tensile properties of binary blends of polystyrene (PS) with the biodegradable polyesters polycaprolactone (PCL), D,L-polylactic acid (PLA), and Eastar Bio Ultra (EBU) were investigated. Blend composition ranging from pure PS to pure biodegradable polyester, in 25% increments, were compounded, injection molded, and used in tensile tests, from which the following tensile properties were calculated: yield stress, yield strain, and modulus. In general, the tensile properties of the PS/biodegradable polyester blends were found to be between the values of the corresponding pure components. Comparison of the yield stress and modulus of the blends with 25% PS showed these properties decreasing in the order: PLA/PS > PCL/PS > EBU/PS, which is the exact opposite of the reported trend in the interfacial tensions of these blends. This implies a correlation between tensile and interfacial properties that is consistent with expectations. However, the data also showed the yield strain and modulus of the pure biodegradable polyesters decreasing in the order: PLA > PCL > EBU, which is identical to the observation on the blends with 25% PS. Thus, the observed trend in the tensile properties could also be due to a contribution from the bulk properties of the biodegradable polyesters. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Biresaw, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM biresawg@ncaur.usda.gov NR 33 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2004 VL 35 IS 3 BP 313 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2003.09.020 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 778BJ UT WOS:000189219000004 ER PT J AU Schnabel, A Krutovskii, KV AF Schnabel, A Krutovskii, KV TI Conservation genetics and evolutionary history of Gleditsia caspica: Inferences from allozyme diversity in populations from Azerbaijan SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE allozymes; endemic; genetic diversity; Gleditsia caspica; hybridization ID LEGUMINOSAE; ORGANIZATION; SEQUENCES; PLANTS; TREES; RARE AB Gleditsia caspica is an endemic tree species found in the endangered lowland Hyrcanian forests near the Caspian Sea in southeastern Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran. Phylogenetic analyses show that G. caspica is a derivative of G. japonica, a widely distributed species of eastern Asia. Using allozyme markers to investigate genetic diversity within two populations from Azerbaijan, we discovered that a population from a protected nature reserve was composed largely of first-generation hybrids between G. caspica and G. triacanthos, which is native to eastern North America but is planted as an ornamental shade tree in Azerbaijan. Hybrids exhibited higher levels of self-fertilization and lower seed production than either parental species. In the second population, composed of pure G. caspica, 11 of 31 loci scored were polymorphic, the average number of alleles per locus was 1.39, and gene diversity was 0.105. All diversity estimates were substantially lower than those we obtained from a small sample of G. japonica from South Korea and than estimates from more extensive samples of South Korean G. japonica and North American G. triacanthos published by other workers. We conclude that (i) in addition to ongoing threats from habitat conversion and fragmentation, G. caspica may also be threatened in Azerbaijan by hybridization with G. triacanthos; and (ii) low variability in G. caspica populations is most likely not a consequence of recent habitat loss and reductions in population size, but instead reflects a long history of range contraction and endemism following isolation from G. japonica during the Pliocene or Pleistocene. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Biol Sci, South Bend, IN 46634 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv,Inst Forest Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Schnabel, A (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Biol Sci, South Bend, IN 46634 USA. EM aschnabe@iusb.edu RI Krutovsky, Konstantin/A-5419-2012 OI Krutovsky, Konstantin/0000-0002-8819-7084 NR 50 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2004 VL 5 IS 2 BP 195 EP 204 DI 10.1023/B:COGE.0000030003.77703.c0 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 820AO UT WOS:000221359000006 ER PT J AU DeWoody, J Nason, JD Smith, M AF DeWoody, J Nason, JD Smith, M TI Inferring demographic processes from the genetic structure of a metapopulation of Boltonia decurrens (Asteraceae) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE colonization; hydrochory; isozyme; metapopulation; plants ID ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; MATING SYSTEMS; LIFE-HISTORY; F-STATISTICS; POPULATIONS; PLANT; DIFFERENTIATION; DISPERSAL; DISTANCE; FLOOD AB Boltonia decurrens (Asteraceae), a federally listed, threatened floodplain species, requires regular flooding for suitable habitat and seed dispersal. Flood suppression and habitat destruction have resulted in fewer than 25 populations remaining throughout its 400 km range. Because individual populations are widely interspaced ( > 10 km) and subject to frequent extinction and colonization, seed dispersal along the river, not pollen flow, is likely the primary determinant of population genetic structure. We used neutral genetic markers (isozymes) assayed for fourteen populations to determine which demographic processes contribute to the genetic structure of B. decurrens. Significant genetic differentiation was detected among populations (F-ST = 0.098, P < 0.05) but not among regions (F-RT = 0.013, P > 0.05), suggesting that long-distance dispersal events occur and involve seed from a small number of populations. Correspondingly, we found no evidence of isolation by distance, and admixture analyses indicate that colonization events involve seed from 3 to 5 source populations. Individual populations exhibited high levels of fixation (mean F-IS = 0.192, P < 0.05), yet mean population outcrossing rates were high (t(m) = 0.87-0.95) and spatial autocorrelation analyses revealed no fine-scale within population structure, indicating that inbreeding alone cannot explain the observed fixation. Rather, genetic bottlenecks, detected for 12 of 14 populations, and admixture at population founding may be important sources of fixation. These observations are consistent with a metapopulation model and confirm the importance of regular flooding events, capable of producing suitable habitat and dispersing seed long distances, to the long-term persistence of B. decurrens. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. RP DeWoody, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Forest Genet Lab, 2480 Carson Rd, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. EM jdewoody@fs.fed.us NR 49 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2004 VL 5 IS 5 BP 603 EP 617 DI 10.1007/s10592-004-1985-3 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 884OB UT WOS:000226093800003 ER PT J AU Haig, SM Mullins, TD Forsman, ED AF Haig, SM Mullins, TD Forsman, ED TI Subspecific relationships and genetic structure in the spotted owl SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Review DE control region; cytochrome b; intraspecific hybridization; mitochondrial DNA; phylogeography; population structure; spotted owls; Strix occidentalis; subspecies ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; EVOLUTIONARILY SIGNIFICANT UNITS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; MUTATION-RATE; BARRED OWLS; GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION; PHENOTYPIC ASSOCIATIONS; MOLECULAR VARIATION AB Hierarchical genetic structure was examined in the three geographically-defined subspecies of spotted owl (Strix occidentalis) to define relationships among subspecies and quantify variation within and among regional and local populations. Sequences (522 bp) from domains I and II of the mitochondrial control region were analyzed for 213 individuals from 30 local breeding areas. Results confirmed significant differences between northern spotted owls and the other traditional geographically defined subspecies but did not provide support for subspecific level differences between California and Mexican spotted owls. Divergence times among subspecies estimated with a 936 bp portion of the cytochrome b gene dated Northern and California/Mexican spotted owl divergence time to 115,000-125,000 years ago, whereas California/Mexican spotted owl divergence was estimated at 15,000 years ago. Nested clade analyses indicated an association between California spotted owl and Mexican spotted owl haplotypes, implying historical contact between the two groups. Results also identified a number of individuals geographically classified as northern spotted owls (S. o. caurina) that contained haplotypes identified as California spotted owls (S. o. occidentalis). Among all northern spotted owls sampled (n = 131), 12.9% contained California spotted owl haplotypes. In the Klamath region, which is the contact zone between the two subspecies, 20.3% (n = 59) of owls were classified as California spotted owls. The Klamath region is a zone of hybridization and speciation for many other taxa as well. Analyses of population structure indicated gene flow among regions within geographically defined subspecies although there was significant differentiation among northern and southern regions of Mexican spotted owls. Among all areas examined, genetic diversity was not significantly reduced except in California spotted owls where the southern region consists of one haplotype. Our results indicate a stable contact zone between northern and California spotted owls, maintaining distinct subspecific haplotypes within their traditional ranges. This supports recovery efforts based on the traditional subspecies designation for the northern spotted owl. Further, although little variation was found between California and Mexican spotted owls, we suggest they should be managed separately because of current isolation between groups. C1 USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Haig, SM (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM susan_haig@usgs.gov NR 106 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 22 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2004 VL 5 IS 5 BP 683 EP 705 DI 10.1007/s10592-004-1864-y PG 23 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 884OB UT WOS:000226093800009 ER PT S AU Swayne, DE AF Swayne, DE BE Schudel, A Lombard, M TI Application of new vaccine technologies for the control of Transboundary Diseases SO Control of Infectious Animal Diseases by Vaccination SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Control of Infectious Animal Diseases by Vaccination CY APR 13-16, 2004 CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA SP World Org Anim Hlth, CAPROVE, Int Assoc Biol, Serv Nacl Sanidad & Calidad Agroalimenatria, Biogenesis SA, Intervet SA, Merial SAS, San Jorge Bago SA DE avian influenza; biotechnology; control; Transboundary Diseases; vaccine ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; HETEROLOGOUS ANTIGENS; VIRUS; CHICKENS; PROTECTION; EFFICACY; H5; CHALLENGE; GENE; EXPRESSION AB Vaccines have played an important role in the control of diseases of livestock and poultry, including Transboundary Diseases. in the future, vaccines will play a greater role in controlling these diseases. Historically, inactivated whole viruses in various adjuvant systems have been used and will continue to be used in the near future. For the future, emerging technologies will allow targeted use of only the protective antigens of the pathogen and will provide the opportunity for differentiating between vaccinated and field-exposed animals. Furthermore, the expression of cytokines by vaccines will afford earlier or greater enhancement of protection than can be achieved by the protective response elicited by the antigenic epitopes of the pathogen alone. Avian influenza (AI) is a good case for studying future trends in vaccine design and use. Inactivated Al virus (AIV) vaccines will continue as the primary vaccines used over the next 10 years. These vaccines will use homologous haemagglutinin sub-types, either from the use of field strains or the generation of new strains through the use of infectious clones produced in the laboratory. The latter will allow creation of high growth reassortants, which will provide consistent high yields of antigen and result in potent vaccines. New viral and bacterial vectors with inserts of AIV haemagglutinin gene will be developed and potentially used in the field. Such new vectors will include herpesvirus-turkey, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, adenoviruses, various types of paramyxoviruses and Salmonella sp. In addition, there is a theoretical possibility of gene-deleted mutants that would allow the use of live AIV vaccines, but the application of such vaccines has inherent dangers for gene reassortment with field viruses in the generation of disease-causing strains. Subunit haemagglutinin protein and DNA haemagglutinin gene vaccines are possible, but with current technologies, the cost is prohibitive. In the future, effective Al vaccines must prevent clinical signs and death, increase resistance of the host to infection, decrease the rate of replication and shedding of a challenge or field virus and provide uniform protection following single immunization. Mass application technologies of new virus or bacterial vector systems will provide economic incentives for adoption over current labour-intensive manual individual bird injection methods used with today's Al vaccines. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 29 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 3-8055-7874-1 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2004 VL 119 BP 219 EP 228 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA BEA66 UT WOS:000236475300020 PM 15742632 ER PT B AU Powell, JM Kelling, KA AF Powell, JM Kelling, KA BE Hatch, DJ Chadwick, DR Jarvis, SC Roker, JA TI N-15 labelling and use of dairy manure components for N cycling studies SO CONTROLLING NITROGEN FLOWS AND LOSSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Nitrogen Workshop CY SEP 21-24, 2003 CL Univ Exeter, Exeter, ENGLAND SP Inst Grassland & Environm Res HO Univ Exeter ID NITROGEN C1 USDA ARS, Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Powell, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-76998-43-4 PY 2004 BP 217 EP 218 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BBP23 UT WOS:000226860800056 ER PT J AU Smith, JL AF Smith, JL TI The physiological role of ferritin-like compounds in bacteria SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE bacterioferritin; bacterial ferritin; Dpr; Dps; fur protein; iron regulation; oxidative stress ID NEUTROPHIL-ACTIVATING PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI BACTERIOFERRITIN; IRON-BINDING PROTEIN; BRUCELLA-MELITENSIS 16M; LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; OXIDATIVE-STRESS; FERROXIDASE-CENTER; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI AB Iron, as the ferrous or ferric ion, is essential for the life processes of all eukaryotes and most prokaryotes; however, the element is toxic when in excess of that needed for cellular homeostasis. Ferrous ions can react with metabolically generated hydrogen peroxide to yield toxic hydroxyl radicals that in turn degrade lipids, DNA, and other cellular biomolecules. Mechanisms have evolved in living systems for iron detoxification and for the removal of excess ferrous ions from the cytosol. These detoxification mechanisms involve the oxidation of excess ferrous ions to the ferric state and storage of the ferric ions in ferritin-like proteins. There are at least three types of ferritin-like proteins in bacteria: bacterial ferritin, bacterioferritin, and dodecameric ferritin. These bacterial proteins are related to the ferritins found in eukaryotes. The structure and physical characteristics of the ferritin-like compounds have been elucidated in several bacteria. Unfortunately, the physiological roles of the bacterial ferritin-like compounds have been less thoroughly studied. A few studies conducted with mutants indicated that ferritin-like compounds can protect bacterial cells from iron overload, serve as an iron source when iron is limited, protect the bacterial cells against oxidative stress and/or protect DNA against enzymatic or oxidative attack. There is very little information available concerning the roles that ferritin-like compounds might play in the survival of bacteria in food, water, soil, or eukaryotic host environments. C1 ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Smith, JL (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jsmith@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 91 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-841X J9 CRIT REV MICROBIOL JI Crit. Rev. Microbiol. PY 2004 VL 30 IS 3 BP 173 EP 185 DI 10.1080/10408410490435151 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 850OA UT WOS:000223621100002 PM 15490969 ER PT J AU Kahraman, A Kusmenoglu, I Aydin, N Aydogan, A Erskine, W Muehlbauer, FJ AF Kahraman, A Kusmenoglu, I Aydin, N Aydogan, A Erskine, W Muehlbauer, FJ TI Genetics of winter hardiness in 10 lentil recombinant inbred line populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FROST-RESISTANCE; DIALLEL ANALYSIS; FREEZING-INJURY; COLD HARDINESS; WHEAT; TRAITS; PEAS AB Available winter hardy lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) germplasm has prompted interest in the development and use of cultivars that can be fall planted in cold highland areas. This change in production of lentil from normally spring sown to fall sown is environmentally sound and increases yield potential. Understanding the mode of inheritance of winter hardiness in lentil would assist breeding efforts. The objectives of this study were to determine the inheritance and heritability of winter hardiness in lentil. Ten F-6 derived recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations from crosses of winter hardy germplasm lines with nonhardy germplasm were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Haymana, and Sivas, Turkey, and at Pullman, WA, USA, between 1997 and 2001. Meaningful data for an analysis of the inheritance of winter hardiness were available only at Haymana in 1997-1998 and at Pullman in 1998-1999, indicating infrequent occurrences of sufficiently cold winters to provide differential killing. Percent survival was calculated on the basis of plant stand counts recorded after establishment in the fall and regrowth in the spring. Parental line WA8649041 was the most winter hardy followed by WA8649090, ILL-1878, and ILL-669. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were significant at both locations. Heritability estimates among the 10 RIL populations ranged from 15.9 to 90.7%. Inheritance patterns of winterhardiness appeared to be quantitative on the basis of frequency distributions and the lack of discrete segregation classes. Since winter hardiness in lentil appears to be a quantitative trait, accumulation of genes responsible for winter survival will probably require stringent field testing or marker assisted selection. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Harran Univ, Ziraat Fak Tarla Bitkileri Bolumu, TR-63040 Sanliurfa, Turkey. Inractaci Birlikleri Tohumculuk Arastirma Sa Vet, Ankara, Turkey. Ankara Tarla Bitkileri Merkezi Arastirma Ens, Ankara, Turkey. ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria. RP Muehlbauer, FJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 303W Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 5 EP 12 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 758KQ UT WOS:000187633900001 ER PT J AU Kahraman, A Kusmenoglu, I Aydin, N Aydogan, A Erskine, W Muehlbauer, FJ AF Kahraman, A Kusmenoglu, I Aydin, N Aydogan, A Erskine, W Muehlbauer, FJ TI QTL mapping of winter hardiness genes in lentil SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; HORDEUM-VULGARE L; LINKAGE MAP; WINTERHARDINESS; WHEAT; COMPONENTS; MARKERS; AFLP; POLYMORPHISMS; INHERITANCE AB Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) germplasm with sufficient winter hardiness to survive most winters in cold northern areas is available. However, the use of that germplasm in breeding programs is hampered by variable winter conditions that make field evaluations needed for effective breeding and selection difficult. Our objectives were to gain additional information on the genetics of winter hardiness in lentil by QTL analysis and to identify markers for use in marker-assisted selection. A total of 106 F-6 derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the cross WA8649090/Precoz were evaluated for winter survival in the field at Pullman, WA, USA, Haymana, Turkey, and Sivas, Turkey, in a randomized complete block design with three replications over 3 yr. Winter survival was based on plant stand counts before and after winter. In addition, winter injury was monitored at Pullman during the 1998-1999 winter season. Mean survival of the RILs was 49.7, 5.3, and 89.5% at Haymana in 1997-1998, at Pullman in 1998-1999, and at Haymana in 1999-2000, respectively. For QTL analysis of winter survival, three QTL were detected at Haymana in 1997-1998, one QTL was detected at Pullman in 1998-1999, and three QTL were identified at Haymana in 1999-2000. Only one of the QTL was common to all environments. For winter injury scores at Pullman in 1999, four QTL were identified that influenced winter survival. Overall results indicated that winter hardiness is influenced by several genes and the cumulative effects of winter stress. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Harran Univ, Ziraat Fak, Tarla Bitkileri Bolumu, TR-63040 Sanliurfa, Turkey. AS Ergazi Mah Koyici, Ihracatci Birlikleri Tohumculuk Ve Arastirma San, Ankara, Turkey. Ankara Tarla Bitkileri Merkezi Arastirma Ens, Ankara, Turkey. ICARDA, Int Ctr Agr Res Dry Areas, Aleppo, Syria. RP Muehlbauer, FJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 303W Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 40 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 13 EP 22 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 758KQ UT WOS:000187633900002 ER PT J AU Tuna, M Vogel, KP Gill, KS Arumuganathan, K AF Tuna, M Vogel, KP Gill, KS Arumuganathan, K TI C-banding analyses of Bromus inermis genomes SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MITOTIC CHROMOSOMES; KARYOTYPE; PATTERNS; LEYSS AB Smoothbromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) has both tetraploid (2n = 28) and octaploid (2n = 56) ploidy levels that have been difficult to characterize cytogenetically because of similar chromosome morphology. Objectives of this study were to identify individual chromosomes of tetraploid and octaploid B. inermis with C-banding procedures along with chromosome length and arm length ratios, develop more detailed karyotypes than those previously available, and use the karyotypes to examine the genomic relationship of tetraploid and octaploid B. inermis. Root tips of the plants from four tetraploid and three octaploid accessions were used to produce chromosome squash preparations for cytogenetic analysis. The tetraploid B. inermis genome consisted of 12 chromosomes with a telomeric band on each arm and sixteen chromosomes with only one telomeric band on one arm. All of the chromosomes of the tetraploid form, except for four chromosomes, were identified by C-banding patterns, chromosome length, and arm length ratio. The octaploid B. inermis genome consisted of four chromosomes with no C-bands, approximate to14 chromosomes with two telomeric bands, and approximate to38 chromosomes with only one telomeric band on either the short or long arm. The combined use of C-banding, chromosome size, and arm length ratio only enabled groups of 2, 4, 6, or 8 similar chromosomes to be identified because of similarities in chromosome morphology of the octaploids. Results indicate that tetraploid B. inermis is an allotetraploid since all chromosomes except four could be separated into identifiable pairs. Because of differences between expected and actual numbers of satellite chromosomes and chromosomes with specific C-banding patterns, octaploid B. inermis is probably not a doubled form of the tetraploid B. inermis. C1 Univ Nebraska, Wheat Sorghum & Forages Res Unit, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68507 USA. Univ Trakya, Tekirdag Agr Univ, Dept Field Crops, Tekirdag, Turkey. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Benaroya Res Inst Virginia Mason, Flow & Image Cytometry Core Labs, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Vogel, KP (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Wheat Sorghum & Forages Res Unit, USDA ARS, 344 Keim Hall,POB 830937, Lincoln, NE 68507 USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 31 EP 37 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 758KQ UT WOS:000187633900004 ER PT J AU Voigt, PW Staley, TE AF Voigt, PW Staley, TE TI Selection for aluminum and acid-soil resistance in white clover SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ON-AGAR METHOD; ROOT-GROWTH; TOLERANCE; SEEDLINGS; HYDROGEN; LEGUMES AB Despite good resistance to acid-soil stresses, white Clover (Trifolium repens L.) is not found on some acid soils. Our objectives were to develop a large-leafed white clover with acid-soil resistance, to relate seedling At to mature plant acid-soil resistance, and to validate our soil-on-agar procedure. We used a two-stage selection procedure. In Stage 1 we used the soil-on-agar technique to select for seedling Al-resistance and Al-susceptibility in Brown Loam Synthetic No. 2 and 'Grasslands Huia' white clover. In Stage 2 we used conventional pot studies with two soil pH treatments, 4.2 and 5.2, and stem-tip cuttings of Al-resistant selections from Brown Loam to select for acid-soil resistance. The same Stage I and 2 techniques were used to evaluate 12 experimental populations and both parents for seedling At resistance and mature plant acid-soil resistance. Across two cycles of selection, both Brown Loam and Huia Al-resistant and susceptible populations diverged. For Brown Loam, progress was made toward both increased Al resistance and susceptibility. For Huia, progress appeared more toward Al susceptibility than toward Al resistance. Populations developed from two-stage selection were more acid-soil resistant than their parent. However, populations selected only for seedling Al resistance or At susceptibility were usually no more acid-soil resistant than their parent. We were able to increase the acid-soil resistance of Brown Loam white clover. But, the soil-on-agar procedure was not an effective technique for developing acid-soil-resistant white clover germplasm. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Voigt, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM Paul.Voigt@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 38 EP 48 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 758KQ UT WOS:000187633900005 ER PT J AU Smith, KF Casler, MD AF Smith, KF Casler, MD TI Spatial analysis of forage grass trials across locations, years, and harvests SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FIELD EXPERIMENTS; CULTIVAR TRIALS; VARIETY TRIALS; YIELD TRIALS; PRECISION AB Spatial analyses of yield trials are a powerful method of adjusting treatment means for spatial variation and improving statistical precision of mean estimation. Because yield trials are typically repeated across multiple locations and years, spatial analysis methods must be adapted for combined analyses across locations and years. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative efficiency of nearest neighbor analysis (NNA) across locations and years for several perennial forage grass trials. Three spatial adjustment methods were developed: preadjustment based on total forage yield, postadjustment based on total forage yield, and preadjustment based on forage yield of individual harvests. For cool-season grasses on a multiple-harvest management, NNA had relative efficiencies of 105 to 135% across locations, years, and trials. Within trials, there was some consistency across harvests, resulting in greater improvements in precision for adjustment based on total yield. Across locations and years, the three spatial adjustment methods always ranked the same in relative efficiency: preadjustment by harvest > preadjustment of total yield > postadjustment of total yield. The advantage of the preadjustment methods was likely due to fitting heterogeneous slopes (adjustment factors) across locations, years, and/or harvests. In contrast, trials with a single-harvest management for biomass production always had relatively low relative efficiency of NNA. Trial operators should assess the relative efficiency of NNA on early harvests from all locations within a trial and if the relative efficiencies are large, they should consider the use of NNA across locations and years to adjust entry means. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Agr Victoria, CRC Mol Plant Breeding, Pastoral & Vet Inst, Hamilton, Vic 3300, Australia. RP Casler, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. OI Smith, Kevin/0000-0001-6828-7480 NR 17 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 56 EP 62 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 758KQ UT WOS:000187633900007 ER PT J AU Feng, L Burton, JW Carter, TE Pantalone, VR AF Feng, L Burton, JW Carter, TE Pantalone, VR TI Recurrent half-sib selection with testcross evaluation for increased oil content in soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GERMPLASM; PROTEIN; LINES; SEEDS AB Protein meal and oil are the two commodities produced from soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] that give the crop its value. Increasing seed concentrations of either or both may add value. Objectives of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of recurrent half-sib selection for increased seed oil, to evaluate the effect of tester oil content on selection response, and to investigate testcross heterosis and inbreeding depression for seed oil content. A recurrent half-sib selection system was devised for soybean and selection for increased oil content was conducted in a population for seven and three cycles using a high and a low-oil tester, respectively. The base population was a high-oil composite with gray pubescence (tt) that was segregating for nuclear genetic ms(1) male sterility. In summer, the base population was planted in single plant hills and bordered with the tester (Ms1Ms1TT) in a random mating block in North Carolina. About 100 to 200 random male-sterile plants with hybrid seeds were harvested. Half-sib families derived from each male-sterile plant were then grown in Puerto Rico in winter. At maturity, seeds from tawny plants (tester hybrid) were used to identify half-sib families with high-oil content. Corresponding gray plant hybrids from sib matings within the population were bulked to start the next cycle of selection. Random progenies from the base populations and selected progenies from each cycle of selection were evaluated in a replicated field experiment at three locations in North Carolina. Cycle X tester hybrids and cycle X cycle sib hybrids were also included in the tests. The results showed that oil content was significantly increased at a rate of 1.1 +/- 0.2 g kg(-1) cycle(-1) in the high-oil tester populations but not in the low-oil tester populations. The realized heritability estimate for the high-oil tester population was 0.12 +/- 0.03. Evidence of heterosis indicated that some dominance effects on oil content existed. Dominance effects may affect the evaluation accuracy of the genotypes being tested. A high-oil tester and high-oil populations may have many common alleles resulting in less dominance and more additive effects in their hybrids. Consequently, a high-oil tester can lead to better evaluation and selection precision, compared with a low-oil tester which could mask additive effects and reduce selection precision. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. RP Burton, JW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 63 EP 69 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 758KQ UT WOS:000187633900008 ER PT J AU Hill, CB Li, Y Hartman, GL AF Hill, CB Li, Y Hartman, GL TI Resistance to the soybean aphid in soybean germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LEAF PUBESCENCE; PREFERENCE; COLEOPTERA; GLYCINES; BEETLE AB With an efficient greenhouse screening method, the first resistance to the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) was found in cultivated soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm. No resistance was found in 1425 current North American soybean cultivars, 106 Maturity Group (MG) 000 through VII Asian cultivars, and in a set of 11 'Clark' isolines possessing different pubescence traits. Dense pubescence did not provide protection against the soybean aphid. Resistance was discovered and established in three ancestors of North American genotypes: 'Dowling', 'Jackson', and PI 71506. Expression of resistance in those genotypes was characterized in choice and nonchoice tests. In choice tests, significantly fewer aphids occurred on Dowling, Jackson, and PI 71506 plants compared with susceptible cultivars (P = 0.05). Aphid populations did not develop on Dowling and Jackson in nonchoice tests, indicating that there was a negative impact on aphid fecundity on those cultivars. That evidence combined with observations of aphid mortality on those cultivars suggested that antibiosis-type resistance contributed to the expression of resistance. Possible donors of resistance to Dowling and Jackson were identified. In nonchoice tests, population development on PI 71506 was not significantly different from development on susceptible cultivars, indicating that antixenosis was more important in that genotype. Resistance was expressed in all plant stages. Dowling provided season-long protection against aphids equal to the use of the systemic insecticide imidacloprid {1-[(6- Chloro-3- pyridinyl) methyl]-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine} in a field test. Four other germplasm accessions, 'Sugao Zarai', 'Sato','T260H', and PI 230977, had levels of resistance not significantly different from Dowling, Jackson, and PI 71506 in a choice test (P = 0.05). C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. OI Li, Yan/0000-0002-1627-7763 NR 34 TC 124 Z9 138 U1 2 U2 18 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 98 EP 106 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 758KQ UT WOS:000187633900014 ER PT J AU Loecke, TD Liebman, M Cambardella, CA Richard, TL AF Loecke, TD Liebman, M Cambardella, CA Richard, TL TI Corn growth responses to composted and fresh solid swine manures SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN UPTAKE; SOIL-NITROGEN; MASS-LOSS; MATURITY; MAIZE; NUTRIENT; WASTES; LITTER; CARBON; YIELD AB Swine (Sus scrofa L.) production in deep-bedded hoop structures is a relatively new swine finishing system in which manure can be applied to fields fresh or after composting. We conducted field-plot trials near Boone, IA, during two growing seasons to determine the effects of fresh and composted swine hoop manures on corn (Zea mays L.) growth and yield. Both fresh and composted manures were applied at a total N rate of 336 kg ha(-1) in the spring before planting corn, and a functional growth analysis approach with frequent plant harvests was used to assess total aerial dry matter (DM) production and leaf area development of the crop. Phytotoxicity bioassays utilizing annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and cress (Lepidium sativum L.) seedlings as test species produced inconsistent responses to manures. During the two seasons in which this experiment was conducted, corn in the composted manure treatment produced 10% more grain than did corn in the fresh manure treatment. Corn treated with composted manure produced 12% greater aboveground DM in 2000 and 15% greater DM in 2001 than did corn treated with fresh manure. In 2000, DM differences were evident early in the season, whereas in 2001, DM differences became evident near flowering. The time of treatment separation in both years coincided with the driest soil conditions of the season. As compared with the fresh manure treatment, composted manure increased corn crop growth rate (CGR), leaf N concentration, leaf area index (LAI), and, in one of two years, net assimilation rate (NAR). Harvest index and leaf area ratio (LAR) were unaffected by manure treatments. Composting swine hoop manure before field application appears to be an effective alternative to fresh-manure application for corn production. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Res Serv, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab 310, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Natl Swine Res & Informat Ctr 3222, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Liebman, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, 3405 Agron Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Richard, Tom/H-5058-2012 NR 32 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 177 EP 184 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 758KQ UT WOS:000187633900023 ER PT J AU Kasperbauer, MJ Loughrin, JH AF Kasperbauer, MJ Loughrin, JH TI Morphogenic light reflected to developing cotton leaves affects insect-attracting terpene concentrations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FIELD CONDITIONS; PEST POPULATIONS; FRUIT-QUALITY; COLOR; YIELD; IDENTIFICATION; WATERMELON; VOLATILES; BEHAVIOR; EMISSION AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaves accumulate volatile terpenes that have been implicated in the attraction of both insect pests and the arthropods which prey on them. Our objective was to determine if altering the light environment of developing cotton leaves could affect the accumulation of these attractants. Plants were grown in drip-irrigated plots over colored polyethylene soil covers that reflected various combinations and intensities of red (R), far-red (FR), blue (BL), and photosynthetic photon flux (PPF). Individual terpenes were quantified by gas chromatography and identified by mass spectroscopy. Leaves exposed to a low amount of reflected BL and a FR/ R ratio higher than that of incoming sunlight were thinner than leaves exposed to high amounts of reflected BL and PPF during development. Increasing the FR/R ratio while decreasing the amount of BL reflected to developing cotton leaves increased the leaf content of insect-attracting terpenes such as alpha-pinene and beta-pinene on both leaf area and fresh weight bases. We conclude that altering the color of light reflected to developing cotton leaves can affect leaf content of insect attractants. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Kasperbauer, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 198 EP 203 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 758KQ UT WOS:000187633900026 ER PT J AU MacKown, CT Weik, JC AF MacKown, CT Weik, JC TI Comparison of laboratory and quick-test methods for forage nitrate SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CROP NITROGEN STATUS; PETIOLE SAP NITRATE; PLANT; SOIL; WHEAT; ELECTRODE; REDUCTASE; NITRITE; SAMPLES; POTATO AB Nitrate contained in forage may pose performance and health risks to ruminants. With timely and accurate assessment of forage nitrate levels, steps to reduce the risks of excessive nitrate intake by livestock can be applied. Traditionally, plant nitrate is measured in the laboratory from finely ground oven-dried tissue, which is slower than nitrate quick-test assays of plant sap. However, use of plant sap nitrate requires calibration to nitrate in dried samples. Winter wheat forage (Triticum aestivum L.) collected at jointing and heading from fields fertilized with 56 to 235 kg N ha(-1) was used to compare a laboratory now injection analysis (FIA) method (Cu-Cd reduction column) with nontraditional laboratory microplate (M-NaR) and field-test (F-NaR) enzyme linked kits (nitrate reductase, E.C. 1.6.6.1), and two hand-held quick-test nitrate assays using a card mounted ion specific electrode (ISE-card) and test strip reflectance meter (TSR). Hot-water extracts of oven-dried samples and fresh samples macerated in propanol solution with a high-speed hand-held blender were prepared. Compared with FIA, mean differences in tissue nitrate were nearly always greater (13-66%, P = 0.05) with the other methods. For dried samples, these differences were due partially to extract interferences that suppressed detection of nitrate with FIA and falsely elevated nitrate detection with the ISE-card. Interferences caused only a slight underestimation of forage nitrate with TSR, and were nearly absent with the M-NaR assay. The ISE-card was the most variable and deviated the most from the FIA. Nitrate extraction over a nearly fourfold range was 18% less from fresh than oven-dried tissue. The quick-test consumable cost per nitrate assay was similar for F-NaR and TSR methods, but the TSR was easier to use. Because a hand-held meter is not required with F-NaR, initial startup cost can be reduced. Both TSR and F-NaR performed well for quick-tests of tissue nitrate. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP MacKown, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 218 EP 226 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 758KQ UT WOS:000187633900030 ER PT J AU Rayburn, AL Biradar, DP Nelson, RL McCloskey, R Yeater, KM AF Rayburn, AL Biradar, DP Nelson, RL McCloskey, R Yeater, KM TI Documenting intraspecric genome size variation in soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-DNA CONTENT; MATURITY GROUP; FLUORESCENCE; WHEAT AB Reports of genome size variation in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] have ranged from 40 to 0%. This wide range has resulted in doubts of the existence of intraspecific DNA variation in soybean. Eighteen soybean lines were analyzed by flow cytometry to determine their genome size. The lines were selected on the basis of diversity of origin. Intraspecific genome size variation was observed at approximately 4%. To ensure that the variation observed was reproducible and not due to technique error, the two highest and lowest genomes size accessions were reanalyzed. The order and variation observed between the high and low genome size accessions were maintained. To ensure further that the differences were reproducible, seeds from the two highest and lowest genome size accessions were planted in different locations in the USA, grown to maturity, harvested, and the seeds returned to Illinois. The harvested seed was analyzed and again the order and variation in genome size between the high and low genome size accessions were similar to the previous two analyses even though more than 1 yr had passed between the analysis. In addition, two experiments using Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats as an internal standard were conducted. In both of these experiments, the observed variation between the previously reported high and low genome size soybean lines was approximately 1 to 2%. The variation between the high and low genome size soybean lines is reproducible. The variation reported here indicates that the DNA amount variation is between 1 and 4%, lower than was originally reported. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Agr Sci, Dept Biotechnol, Dharwad 580005, Karnataka, India. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Rayburn, AL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 320 ERML,1201 W Gregory, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 261 EP 264 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 758KQ UT WOS:000187633900036 ER PT J AU Nelsen, NS Li, ZG Warner, AL Matthews, BF Knap, HT AF Nelsen, NS Li, ZG Warner, AL Matthews, BF Knap, HT TI Genomic polymorphism identifies a subtilisin-like protease near the Rhg4 locus in soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HETERODERA-GLYCINES ICHINOHE; CYST-NEMATODE RESISTANCE; TOMATO PLANTS; BINDING-PROTEIN; SERINE-PROTEASE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; EXPRESSION CHANGES; GENE-EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm PI 437654 exhibits broad resistance to soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, SCN). Probes derived from PI 437654 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone 15G19 at the Rhg4 locus detected a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) between resistant and susceptible germplasms. Detailed RFLP analysis using restriction fragments from BAC clone 15G19 associated the polymorphism with an 8-kb BamHI fragment containing the promoter region and partial coding sequence of a novel soybean subtilisin-like protease, GmSUB1. Complete sequence of GmSUB1 was determined (GenBank AY277949). Regulatory elements for root gene expression, pathogen response, coordinated multiple-gene expression, and a novel 90-bp direct repeat were identified. GmSUB1 shows 74% similarity to Arabidopsis thaliana AIR3. Hybridization analyses indicate that PI 437654 contains only full-length copies of GmSUB1, whereas susceptible germplasm 'Williams 82' contains both full-length and truncated copies of the gene. A 4-fold increase in GmSUB1 copy number, and a corresponding 2- to 3-fold increase in steady state GmSUB1 mRNA levels, was observed in PI 437654 compared with Williams 82. Localization and polymorphism of GmSUB1 within the Rhg4 resistance region, and increases in GmSUB1 gene copy number and expression in PI 437654 compared with Williams 82 infers a functional role in the pathogen response. GmSUB1 is believed to be secreted into the extracellular matrix, and may function in reorganization of cell wall components during plant development and in the defense response. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Poole Agr Ctr 276, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Shanxi Agr Univ, Agron Coll, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, PSI, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Clemson Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Poole Agr Ctr 276, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM hskrpsk@clemson.edu NR 54 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 265 EP 273 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 758KQ UT WOS:000187633900037 ER PT J AU Seiler, GJ Campbell, LG AF Seiler, GJ Campbell, LG TI Genetic variability for mineral element concentrations of wild Jerusalem artichoke forage SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HELIANTHUS-TUBEROSUS; FIELD STORAGE; GROWTH; ALLOCATION AB One of the potential uses of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is as a forage crop. Information on inherent differences in forage nutritional quality is essential if the quality of the forage is to be improved through breeding. The objectives of this study were to determine the genotypic variability among and within wild Jerusalem artichoke populations for the concentration of N, P, Ca, Mg, K, and the Ca/P ratio in the forage at flowering, estimate the magnitude of genotype X environment interaction, and examine relationships among mineral concentrations in the forage. Nine wild Jerusalem artichoke populations grown in an irrigated field nursery at Bushland, TX, were evaluated for N, P, Ca, Mg, K, and the Ca/P ratio in the forage at flowering over a 2-yr period. Population, year X population, and error variances were estimated to calculate the phenotypic variance. Estimates of the within-population variances were also determined. The adequacy of Jerusalem artichoke forage at flowering for maintenance of a ruminant animal was classified as follows: N, Ca, Mg, and K as adequate, P inadequate, and the Ca/P ratio as excessive. There were genotypic differences among the nine populations for N, K, P, Ca, Mg, and the Ca/P ratio for both years and averaged across years. The magnitude of the genotypic variance components indicated that a substantial proportion of the total variation for these elements was due to genotype, indicating the possibility of improvement through hybridization and selection. Within-population variation for N, Ca, and K was high, indicating potential for improvement with further selection within populations. Population variances for P and Mg were low, suggesting it will be difficult to improve these with selection. Unfortunately, P is inadequate in the forage to begin with, and our data indicated that selecting within populations for high P may not be very successful. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Seiler, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 289 EP 292 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 758KQ UT WOS:000187633900040 ER PT J AU Casler, MD Vogel, KP Taliaferro, CM Wynia, RL AF Casler, MD Vogel, KP Taliaferro, CM Wynia, RL TI Latitudinal adaptation of switchgrass populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; PRAIRIE GRASSES; CHLOROPLAST DNA; CULTIVARS; GENOTYPE; IVDMD; YIELD; CROP AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a widely adapted warm-season perennial that has considerable potential as a biofuel crop. Evolutionary processes and environmental factors have combined to create considerable ecotypic differentiation in switchgrass. The objective of this study was to determine the nature of population X location interaction for switchgrass, quantifying potential differences in latitudinal adaptation of switchgrass populations. Twenty populations were evaluated for biofuel and agronomic traits for 2 yr at five locations ranging from 36 to 46degrees N lat. Biomass yield, survival, and plant height had considerable population X location interaction, much of which (53-65%) could be attributed to the linear effect of latitude and to germplasm groups (Northern Upland, Southern Upland, Northern Lowland, and Southern Lowland). Differences among populations were consistent across locations for maturity, dry matter, and lodging. Increasingly later maturity and the more rapid stem elongation rate of more southern-origin ecotypes (mainly lowland cytotypes) resulted in high biomass yield potential, reduced dry matter concentration, and longer retention of photosynthetically active tissue at more southern locations. Conversely, increasing cold tolerance of more northern-origin ecotypes (mainly upland cytotypes) resulted in higher survival, stand longevity, and sustained biomass yields at more northern locations, allowing switchgrass to thrive at cold, northern latitudes. Although cytotype explained much of the variation among populations and the population X location interaction, ecotypic differentiation within cytotypes accounted for considerable variation in adaption of switchgrass populations. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA, NRCS, Plant Mat Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Casler, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 34 TC 126 Z9 133 U1 1 U2 39 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 293 EP 303 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 758KQ UT WOS:000187633900041 ER PT J AU Jaradat, AA Shahid, M Al Maskri, AY AF Jaradat, AA Shahid, M Al Maskri, AY TI Genetic diversity in the Batini barley landrace from Oman: I. Spike and seed quantitative and qualitative traits SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HORDEUM-VULGARE-L; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; ETHIOPIAN BARLEY; GEOGRAPHIC-DISTRIBUTION; WHEAT; POPULATIONS; COLLECTION; CONSERVATION; RESISTANCE AB The Batini landrace of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is endemic to the coastal Batinah region of Oman. Although it is important to subsistence farmers, it is threatened by increasing salinity and replacement by high yielding cultivars. Seven bulk seed samples (subpopulations) of the Batini landrace were collected from farmers' fields, which provided a germplasm collection of 3191 accessions. The objectives of this study were to characterize these accessions for spike and seed qualitative and quantitative traits, quantify phenotypic diversity, and explore significant variation in seed and spike morphological traits for future selection and breeding. Variation for 26 morphological traits was assessed among the progeny of 3191 single spikes. Phenotypic diversity indices (H') differed significantly among traits and subpopulations. Weighted H' average for subpopulations was 0.501; it ranged from 0.154 for spike glaucousness to 0.853 for number of spikelets per spike. Differences in phenotypic frequencies for 20 traits were sufficient to discriminate between subpopulations. Total genetic variation (HT) for quantitative (0.717) and qualitative (0.533) traits differed significantly. Variance component due to subpopulations was significant for seven quantitative and 12 qualitative traits, and the within-subpopulation variance component decreased in the order: qualitative (82.12%) > quantitative (78.34) > spike-related (68.50) > grain-related (67.25) traits. Total genetic variation and genetic differentiation estimates for qualitative traits were 25% lower than for quantitative traits. Strong, nonrandom trait associations among four seed phenotypic markers showed a hierarchical pattern, indicating an adaptive response to environmental conditions and human selection. The long history of in situ conservation of this landrace in a multitude of subsistence farming systems, undoubtedly, contributed to the high variability. C1 USDA ARS, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Int Ctr Biosaline Agr, Plant Genet Resources Program, Dubai, U Arab Emirates. Sultan Qaboos Univ, Coll Agr, Muscat, Oman. RP Jaradat, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 56 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 304 EP 315 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 758KQ UT WOS:000187633900042 ER PT J AU Chen, YW Nelson, RL AF Chen, YW Nelson, RL TI Genetic variation and relationships among cultivated, wild, and semiwild soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GLYCINE-SOJA SIEB; GENUS GLYCINE; GENOMIC RELATIONSHIPS; ACCESSIONS; DIVERSITY; ZUCC; MAX AB Some annual Glycine accessions are intermediate between the standard phenotypes of Glycine max (L.) Merr. and Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc. and have been labeled semiwild. Few studies have examined both the genetic and phenotypic relationships among G. soja, G. max, and semiwild-types by combining morphological traits and DNA markers. The objectives of this research were to quantify genetic variation within G. soja, G. max, and semiwild accessions; to investigate the relationships among the G. soja, G. max, and semiwild accessions; and to examine the relationships among phenotypes on the basis of morphological traits and genotypes on the basis of DNA markers. Ninety-two semiwild, G. soja, and G. max accessions from the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection were evaluated for 20 phenotypic traits and with 137 RAPD markers. Mahalanobis distances and a Jaccard genetic similarity matrix were calculated for phenotypic traits and DNA data, respectively. Nonhierarchical and hierarchical clustering as well as multidimensional scaling (MDS) were used to evaluate relationships among semiwild, G. soja, and G. max accessions. Principal component analysis was applied to identify the morphological traits that were most significant in separating the three groups. For the accessions examined, unique RAPD markers were found for each taxonomic type. Three clusters defined by either phenotypic or DNA data are highly consistent and strongly corresponded to G. soja, G. max, and semiwild classifications. On the basis of the analysis of RAPD data, G. soja accessions have the greatest genetic diversity and semiwild accessions the least. Glycine mar and semiwild accessions are more closely related to each other than to G. soja accessions. These data will be useful in helping to define a core collection of annual Glycine. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Nelson, RL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 30 TC 40 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 316 EP 325 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 758KQ UT WOS:000187633900043 ER PT J AU Chen, YW Nelson, RL AF Chen, YW Nelson, RL TI Identification and characterization of a white-flowered wild soybean plant SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NATURAL CROSS-POLLINATION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; MARKERS; SET AB No white-flowered accession exists among the more than 1100 Glycine soja (Sieb. and Zucc.) accessions in the USDA Soybean Germ-plasm Collection, although one-third of the Glycine max (L.) Merr. accessions are white flowered. One white-flowered plant was found in G. soja accession PI 424008A growing in Stoneville, MS, in 1998. The objective of this research is to clarify the origin of this white-flowered plant. Phenotypic traits and DNA markers were used to compare the white-flowered line with the putative parental line, PI 424008A. The results from all of the data show that the white-flowered plant is very similar to PI 424008A, indicating that the white-flowered plant was produced by a mutation in PI 424008A. The white-flowered line has been added to the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection and is designated as PI 424008C. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Nelson, RL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 339 EP 342 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 758KQ UT WOS:000187633900046 ER PT J AU Kindiger, B Mizuno, K Fujiwara, T Kobashi, K AF Kindiger, B Mizuno, K Fujiwara, T Kobashi, K TI Registration of 'Shiwasuaoba' annual ryegrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. Yamaguchi Agr Expt Stn, Yamaguchi 7530214, Japan. RP Kindiger, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. OI Kindiger, Bryan/0000-0002-2938-3653 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 344 EP 345 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 758KQ UT WOS:000187633900049 ER PT J AU Hosfield, GL Varner, GV Uebersax, MA Kelly, JD AF Hosfield, GL Varner, GV Uebersax, MA Kelly, JD TI Registration of 'Merlot' small red bean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Sugar Beet & Bean Res, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI USA. Dry Bean Prod Res Adv Board, Saginaw, MI 48603 USA. RP Hosfield, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugar Beet & Bean Res, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 351 EP 352 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 758KQ UT WOS:000187633900057 ER PT J AU McClung, AM Bergman, CJ Fjellstrom, RG Bormans, CA Park, WD Marchetti, MA AF McClung, AM Bergman, CJ Fjellstrom, RG Bormans, CA Park, WD Marchetti, MA TI Registration of 'Bolivar' rice SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dep Biochem & Biophys, Borlaug Ctr So Crop Improvement, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP McClung, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1509 Aggie Dr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 353 EP 355 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 758KQ UT WOS:000187633900059 ER PT J AU Lazar, MD Worrall, WD Peterson, GL Fritz, AK Marshall, D Nelson, LR Rooney, LW AF Lazar, MD Worrall, WD Peterson, GL Fritz, AK Marshall, D Nelson, LR Rooney, LW TI Registration of 'TAM 111' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Texas A&M Univ, AREC, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. AgriPro Seeds, Vernon, TX USA. Univ Kansas, Dep Agron, Manhattan, KS 66505 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Rooney Soil & Crop Sci Dep, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Lazar, MD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, AREC, 6500 Amarillo Blvd W, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 355 EP 356 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 758KQ UT WOS:000187633900060 ER PT J AU Lewellen, RT AF Lewellen, RT TI Registration of rhizomania resistant, monogerm populations C869 and C869CMS sugarbeet SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SELF-FERTILE; GERMPLASM; LINES C1 USDA ARS, US Agric Res Stn, Crop Improvement & Prod Res, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Lewellen, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Agric Res Stn, Crop Improvement & Prod Res, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 357 EP 358 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 758KQ UT WOS:000187633900062 ER PT J AU Lewellen, RT AF Lewellen, RT TI Registration of sugarbeet germplasm lines C67/2, C69/2, C78/3, and C80/2 with resistance to virus yellows and rhizomania SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PARENTAL LINE C1 USDA ARS, US Agric Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Lewellen, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Agric Res Stn, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 358 EP 359 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 758KQ UT WOS:000187633900063 ER PT J AU Lewellen, RT AF Lewellen, RT TI Registration of sugarbeet germplasm lines C927-4, C929-62, C930-19, and C930-35 with resistance to rhizomania, virus yellows, and bolting SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, US Agric Res Stn, Crop Improvement & Prod Res, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Lewellen, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Agric Res Stn, Crop Improvement & Prod Res, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 359 EP 361 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 758KQ UT WOS:000187633900064 ER PT J AU Panella, L Hanson, LE AF Panella, L Hanson, LE TI Registration of FC724 monogerm, O-type, sugarbeet germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RHIZOCTONIA ROOT-ROT; RESISTANCE; FIELD C1 USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Panella, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 361 EP 362 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 758KQ UT WOS:000187633900065 ER PT J AU Rutger, JN Raboy, V Moldenhauer, KAK Bryant, RJ Lee, FN Gibbons, JW AF Rutger, JN Raboy, V Moldenhauer, KAK Bryant, RJ Lee, FN Gibbons, JW TI Registration of KBNT lpa1-1 low phytic acid germplasm of rice SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, D-72160 Stuttgart, AR, Germany. USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, D-72160 Stuttgart, AR, Germany. RP Rutger, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, POB 1090, D-72160 Stuttgart, AR, Germany. NR 6 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 363 EP 363 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 758KQ UT WOS:000187633900067 ER PT J AU Rutger, JN Moldenhauer, KAK Gravois, KA Lee, FN Norman, RJ Mcclung, AM Bryant, RJ AF Rutger, JN Moldenhauer, KAK Gravois, KA Lee, FN Norman, RJ Mcclung, AM Bryant, RJ TI Registration of six semidwarf mutants of rice SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, D-72160 Stuttgart, Germany. Sugar Res Stn, Gabriel, LA 70776 USA. Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, D-72160 Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Arkansas, Dept Agron, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. RP Rutger, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 1090, D-72160 Stuttgart, Germany. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 364 EP 366 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 758KQ UT WOS:000187633900069 ER PT B AU Kandel, WA AF Kandel, WA BE Durand, J Massey, DS TI A profile of Mexican workers in US agriculture SO CROSSING THE BORDER: RESEARCH FROM THE MEXICAN MIGRATION PROJECT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Binational Conference of the Mexican Migration Project on Crossing the Border CY MAR 15-16, 2002 CL Puerto Vallarta, MEXICO ID MIGRATION C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION PI NEW YORK PA 112 EAST 64TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA BN 0-87154-288-9 PY 2004 BP 235 EP 264 PG 30 WC Demography; Sociology SC Demography; Sociology GA BCE40 UT WOS:000228852300012 ER PT J AU Towill, LE Widrlechner, M AF Towill, LE Widrlechner, M TI Cryopreservation of Salix species using sections from winter vegetative scions SO CRYOLETTERS LA English DT Article DE Salix; willow; cooling rate; warming rate; regrowth; shoot formation; root formation ID TEMPERATURES; SURVIVAL; CELLS; BUDS AB Twigs of Salix species are candidates for cryopreservation procedures because they become tolerant of freezing temperatures during mid-winter. We examined several variables in developing a two-step cryopreservation procedure for sections from these twigs. Samples of Salix triandra cooled to -30degreesC or -35degreesC and then transferred to the vapor phase over liquid nitrogen gave the greatest percent shoot formation. Cooling rate to -35degreesC had a major influence on shoot formation. Samples cooled at rates greater than 10degreesC/hr showed no shoot formation. The highest percent of shoot formation was achieved by cooling at 0.21degreesC/hr. Cooling rate from -35degreesC to liquid nitrogen did not influence shoot formation. Warming procedures affected shoot formation. Transferring samples from -160degreesC either to a +2degreesC cold room or to -3degreesC methanol gave similar levels of shoot formation. No shoot formation occurred either with warming in +40degreesC water or very slowly in a Styrofoam box. Eight of eleven Salix taxa tested using the established protocol had significant levels of shoot formation after cryogenic treatment. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Towill, LE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU CRYO LETTERS PI LONDON PA C/O ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, ROYAL COLLEGE ST, LONDON NW1 0TU, ENGLAND SN 0143-2044 J9 CRYOLETTERS JI CryoLetters PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 25 IS 1 BP 71 EP 80 PG 10 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 806KE UT WOS:000220432000007 PM 15031747 ER PT J AU Brandt, SL Coudron, TA Habibi, J Brown, GR Ooagan, OM Wagner, RM Wright, MK Backus, EA Huesing, JE AF Brandt, SL Coudron, TA Habibi, J Brown, GR Ooagan, OM Wagner, RM Wright, MK Backus, EA Huesing, JE TI Interaction of two Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins with the digestive system of lygus hesperus SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; INSECTICIDAL CRYSTAL PROTEINS; MIDGUT EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BINDING-SITES; DOMAIN-III; TOXICITY; MODE; IDENTIFICATION; LOCALIZATION; SPECIFICITY AB The active-toxin form of Cry1Ac (65 kDa) or Cry2Ab was fed to a non-susceptible insect, Lygus hesperus, in an artificial diet. Biochemical and immunocytochemical methods were used to determine the distribution of ingested toxin. The toxins did not elicit a feeding deterrent response. Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab were ingested; small amounts were absorbed into the hemolymph as holoproteins, but most was excreted. SDS-PAGE analysis of Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab incubations with salivary gland homogenate showed a small decrease in the molecular weight of the active toxins. Proteolytic processing of the toxins also occurred in vivo, within the digestive system of L. hesperus. Excreted Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab retained activity toward lepidopteran larvae. Immunocytochemical in vivo localization studies showed negligible association of Cry1Ac with L. hesperus tissues. In contrast, strong extracellular association of Cry2Ab was observed with L. hesperus midgut brush border microvilli and basement membrane, as well as with cellular outlines within the hemolymph and fat body. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63198 USA. RP USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM coudront@missouri.edu NR 30 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 EI 1432-0991 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1007/s00284-003-4056-y PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 759GA UT WOS:000187728900001 PM 15018095 ER PT J AU Whitehead, TR Cotta, MA AF Whitehead, TR Cotta, MA TI Isolation and identification of hyper-ammonia producing bacteria from swine manure storage pits SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RUMINAL BACTERIA; AMINO-ACIDS; CULTURE; RUMEN; PEPTIDES; SHEEP AB Storage of swine manure is associated with the microbiological production of a variety of odorous compounds, including ammonia, organic acids, and alcohols, phenolics, and sulfides. Until recently, little was known about the microorganisms responsible for their production. Results from our laboratory have demonstrated that the predominant microbial populations of stored swine manure are anaerobic, low (G + C), Gram-positive bacteria. However, studies on pure cultures isolated from manure have found few microorganisms that produce appreciable ammonia concentrations. Therefore, selective and enrichment techniques were employed to isolate ammonia-producing bacteria from stored swine manure by using media containing peptone and amino acids as carbon and energy sources. We now report on the isolation of 40 bacterial cultures, a number of which are capable of producing at least 40 mM ammonia in peptone-amino acid medium, concentrations similar to those produced by hyper-ammonia producing (HAP) bacteria isolated from the rumen of cattle. The manure HAP isolates are phylogenetically distinct from the ruminal isolates and may prove to be intimately involved in the production of ammonia during storage of swine manure. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Whitehead, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009; OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 15 TC 28 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1 BP 20 EP 26 DI 10.1007/s00284-003-4084-7 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 759GA UT WOS:000187728900004 PM 15018098 ER PT J AU Wan, XF Branton, SL Hanson, LA Pharr, GT AF Wan, XF Branton, SL Hanson, LA Pharr, GT TI Identification and initial characterization of a putative Mycoplasma gallinarum leucine aminopeptidase gene SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-STATE ANALOG; X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; PORPHYROMONAS-GINGIVALIS; PROTEINASES GINGIPAINS; LACTOCOCCUS-LACTIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INACTIVATION; PURIFICATION; SALIVARIUM; RESOLUTION AB Aminopeptidases (APN) may play a role in host colonization of M. gallinarum. Characterization of endogenous APN activity suggests that the leucine APN (LAP) of M. gallinarum is a metallo-aminopeptidase activated by Mn2+ and is present in the cytosol and possibly associated with the inner leaflet of the membrane. A 1.36-kb open reading frame (ORF) identified from overlapping genomic phage clones showed 68% nucleotide identity and 51% amino acid identity with the M. salivarium LAP gene. This ORF is expressed as a 1.5-kb monocistronic transcript and is present as a single copy in M. gallinarum. This gene sequence was modified to account for codon usage, and expression in E. coli produced a 51-kDa protein, which compares well with the product predicted from the ORE This ORF is a strong candidate for contributing the LAP activity of M. gallinarum protein extracts. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Basic Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Pharr, GT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1 BP 32 EP 38 DI 10.1007/s00284-003-4098-1 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 759GA UT WOS:000187728900006 PM 15018100 ER PT J AU Huang, Q Sherald, JL AF Huang, Q Sherald, JL TI Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of Xylella fastidiosa from its invasive alternative host, porcelain berry SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; SPACER SEQUENCES; PIERCES-DISEASE; BACTERIA; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; CITRUS; RDNA; 16S AB A strain of Xylella fastidiosa was isolated from an invasive alternative host species, porcelain berry. Its genetic relationship with strains isolated from a native alternative host, wild grape; a nonnative alternative host, mulberry; and other economically important hosts including cultivated grape, peach, plum, oak, maple and oleander was determined by using sequence analysis of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that the porcelain berry strain is most closely related to the wild grape strain. These two strains are more closely related to the oak, peach, and plum strains than to the mulberry and oleander strains. They are separated from the maple and cultivated grape strains. Our data suggest that suppression of porcelain berry, wild grape, and mulberry in the vicinity of susceptible economically important hosts such as oak, peach, and plum may provide an important control measure for diseases caused by X. fastidiosa. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Urban Ecol, Natl Pk Serv, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Huang, Q (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Bldg 010A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1 BP 73 EP 76 DI 10.1007/s00284-003-4109-2 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 759GA UT WOS:000187728900013 PM 15018107 ER PT J AU Baumann, L Thao, ML Funk, CJ Falk, BW Ng, JCK Baumann, P AF Baumann, L Thao, ML Funk, CJ Falk, BW Ng, JCK Baumann, P TI Sequence analysis of DNA fragments from the genome of the primary endosymbiont of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL ENDOSYMBIONTS; BUCHNERA-APHIDICOLA; EVOLUTION; MEALYBUGS; CLONING; APHIDS; HOSTS AB The whitefly Bemisia tabaci contains a primary prokaryotic endosymbiont housed within specialized cells in the body cavity. Two DNA fragments from the endosymbiont, totaling 33.3 kilobases, were cloned and sequenced. In total, 37 genes were detected and included the ribosomal RNA operon and,genes for ribosomal RNA proteins. The guanine plus cytosine of the DNA was 30.2 mol%, different from that of endosymbionts of other plant sap-sucking insects. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Microbiol Sect, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Baumann, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Microbiol Sect, Davis, CA 95616 USA. OI Funk, Cornelius/0000-0002-7646-7374 NR 21 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1 BP 77 EP 81 DI 10.1007/s00284-003-4132-3 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 759GA UT WOS:000187728900014 PM 15018108 ER PT J AU McCabe, BJ AF McCabe, BJ TI Prevention of food-drug interactions with special emphasis on older adults SO CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE LA English DT Article DE food-drug interactions; nutritional status; grapefruit interactions; polypharmacy; supplements; thiamin; fortified foods; biogenic amines; dietary/drug counseling ID FORTIFIED ORANGE JUICE; GRAPEFRUIT JUICE; HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS; BIOEQUIVALENCE; TWIST AB Purpose of the review Adverse drug interactions may be the fourth leading cause of death in hospitalized patients. In children and older adults undetected food-drug interactions may lead to serious morbidity and mortality and be misdiagnosed as chronic disease progression. Recent recognition of the effects of certain foods on many drugs metabolized by CYP450 families or drugs susceptible to chelation and adsorption have increased awareness for prevention of food-drug interactions. Recent findings Polypharmacy, self-medications with non-prescription drugs including herbal remedies, dietary/nutritional supplements, fortified foods, and polymorphism in drug metabolism increase the need to consider food-drug interactions. Improved food processing and analysis have led to overall decreased risk in monoamine oxidase inhibitor regimens with counseling. Drugs may create submarginal nutrient deficiencies with serious consequences, such as diuretics contributing to thiamin deficiency and further cardiac failure. Foods may contain compounds that lead to therapeutic failure, such as calcium-fortified foods producing therapeutic failure and promoting resistance in antibiotic therapy. Poor nutritional status can lead to poor health outcomes. Summary Prevention of adverse events from food-herb-drug interactions requires clinical monitoring in high-risk regimens and populations. Nutritional status has an important impact on the quality of life as well as appropriate responses to drug therapy. Both diet-drug histories and counseling are needed. As new foods and drugs emerge and more self-medication is promoted, research in the prevention of food-drug interactions is needed. C1 Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Lower Mississippi Delta Nutr Intervent Res Initia, USDA ARS, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Coll Publ Hlth, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP McCabe, BJ (reprint author), 2609 N Pierce Str, Little Rock, AR 72207 USA. EM bmccabe-sellers@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1363-1950 J9 CURR OPIN CLIN NUTR JI Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care PD JAN PY 2004 VL 7 IS 1 BP 21 EP 26 DI 10.1097/01.mco.0000109602.04238.9d PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 771TT UT WOS:000188802700005 PM 15090899 ER PT J AU Burrin, DG Davis, TA AF Burrin, DG Davis, TA TI Proteins and amino acids in enteral nutrition SO CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE LA English DT Article DE enteral nutrition; dietary amino acids; splanchnic metabolism; protein synthesis; immune function ID INTESTINAL LYSINE METABOLISM; TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; NEONATAL PIGS; TRANSLATION INITIATION; SPLANCHNIC BED; GASTROINTESTINAL MICROFLORA; ARGININE SUPPLEMENTATION; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES AB Purpose of review This review reports recent findings on the effect of enterally fed protein and amino acids on metabolism, function, and clinical outcome, particularly during the neonatal period. Recent findings Splanchnic tissues metabolize significant proportions of some enteral amino acids and this likely contributes to the higher requirement for these amino acids when they are provided enterally versus parenterally. Splanchnic tissues are particularly key in the provision of nutrition to preterm infants, who possess an exceedingly high protein anabolic drive, but limited tolerance to aggressive enteral feeding. The protein anabolic response to specific proteins is influenced by the rate of digestion and the pattern of feeding, as well as the amino acid composition of the proteins. The post-prandial rise in amino acids and insulin stimulates neonatal tissue protein synthesis by modulation of the nutrient and insulin signaling pathways that lead to translation initiation. A flurry of investigations into the metabolic response and clinical impact of individual amino acids suggests that leucine, glutamine, and arginine, in particular, have specific roles in regulating protein synthesis and immune function. Summary Recent findings suggest that enteral nutrition support that provides an optimum combination of proteins and amino acids can have a beneficial impact on the clinical outcome of patients. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tdavis@bcm.tmc.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01-AR-44474, R01 AR044474]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01-HD-033920] NR 67 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1363-1950 J9 CURR OPIN CLIN NUTR JI Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care PD JAN PY 2004 VL 7 IS 1 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1097/01.mco.0000109610.04238.ba PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 771TT UT WOS:000188802700013 PM 15090907 ER PT J AU Shea-Donohue, T Urban, JF AF Shea-Donohue, T Urban, JF TI Gastrointestinal parasite and host interactions SO CURRENT OPINION IN GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article DE helminth; Strongyloides; schistosome; cytokines; inflammation ID SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI INFECTION; INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; HELIGMOSOMOIDES-POLYGYRUS; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; HELMINTH INFECTION; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; NEMATODE INFECTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; BARRIER FUNCTION; MOUSE ILEUM AB Purpose of review The mechanisms responsible for the Th2-mediated immune response to enteric nematode parasites are of interest for several reasons. First, intestinal parasites continue to be a major worldwide health issue. Second, the low incidence of parasite infection in industrial nations is cited as a factor in the increased prevalence of proinflammatory-based pathologies. Third, a seemingly paradoxical protection against Th2-mediated allergic reactions is afforded by helminth infection. This review focuses on studies that use enteral parasitic infections as a tool to investigate the functional consequences of upregulation of Th2-mediated immunity and that manipulate host-parasite interactions in an effort to identify mechanisms that can be exploited as potential therapeutic targets. Recent findings Enteric helminth infection improved indices of inflammatory bowel disease in humans and murine models and diminished the allergy-induced changes in pulmonary function. There are emerging or enlarged roles for interleukin-10, interleukin-18, interleukin-9, chemokines, activation of nuclear factor-kappabeta, and factors that alter host resistance in the development of host immunity, and for interleukin-1Ralpha2 receptor in downregulating Th2 responses. As part of the growing appreciation for the contribution of nonimmune cells to parasite-induced changes in intestinal function, studies show that Th2 cytokines exert Stat6-dependent effects that promote worm expulsion. Summary Further insight into the nature of host-parasite interactions, identification of the pathways and critical mediators that contribute to host resistance, identification of the factors that modulate susceptibility to infection, and the impact of enteric parasites on intestinal function hold much promise for development of novel therapeutic interventions. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Shea-Donohue, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tshea@usuhs.mil OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 54 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0267-1379 J9 CURR OPIN GASTROEN JI Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 1 BP 3 EP 9 DI 10.1097/00001574-200401000-00003 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 804ZR UT WOS:000220337100002 PM 15703613 ER PT J AU Shinmoto, H Naganawa, Y Shimmoto, M Maleki, SJ AF Shinmoto, H Naganawa, Y Shimmoto, M Maleki, SJ TI Generation of mouse-human hybridomas secreting antibodies against peanut allergen Ara h1 SO CYTOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epitope; Epstein-Barr virus; human monoclonal antibody; human-mouse hybridoma; IgM; peanut allergen ID EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS; PROTEIN; HYPERSENSITIVITY; LYMPHOCYTES AB Two clones of mouse-human hybridomas, secreting human monoclonal antibodies to a peanut allergen Ara h1, were generated from human peripheral blood lymphocytes transformed with Epstein-Barr virus, followed by cell fusion with mouse myeloma cells. Epitope analysis with overlapping peptides synthesized on a multi-pin apparatus revealed antibody-binding sequences of Ara h1 protein. C1 Natl Food Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Inst Med Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138613, Japan. ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Shinmoto, H (reprint author), Natl Food Res Inst, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. EM shinmoto@affrc.go.jp NR 9 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-9069 J9 CYTOTECHNOLOGY JI Cytotechnology PD JAN PY 2004 VL 46 IS 1 BP 19 EP 23 DI 10.1007/s10616-005-1578-0 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 937AL UT WOS:000229896800003 PM 19003255 ER PT J AU Kinkel, AD Fernyhough, ME Helterline, DL Vierck, JL Oberg, KS Vance, TJ Hausman, GJ Hill, RA Dodson, MV AF Kinkel, AD Fernyhough, ME Helterline, DL Vierck, JL Oberg, KS Vance, TJ Hausman, GJ Hill, RA Dodson, MV TI Oil red-O stains non-adipogenic cells: a precautionary note SO CYTOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adipocyte; adipofibroblasts; cell culture; oil red-O; satellite cell; staining ID LIPIDS AB Bovine adipofibroblasts, 3T3-L1 cells, L-6 myogenic cells, and sheep satellite cells were allowed to proliferate for 48 h. Oil red-O (ORO) was dissolved in three different solvents isopropanol, propylene glycol and triethyl phosphate. At 48 h, the proliferative cultures were stained with the three stains. ORO stain prepared in both propylene glycol and triethyl phosphate resulted in bright red droplets appearing in all cultures, whereas ORO dissolved in isopropanol was not taken up by any of the cells. These data suggest that certain preparations of ORO may stain cells in non-adipogenic lineages as well as undifferentiated preadipocytes. Caution must be exercised when choosing solvents for ORO in differentiation studies using cells of the fat/adipose lineage. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Muscle Biol Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Dodson, MV (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Muscle Biol Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dodson@wsu.edu NR 12 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-9069 J9 CYTOTECHNOLOGY JI Cytotechnology PD JAN PY 2004 VL 46 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1007/s10616-004-3903-4 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 937AL UT WOS:000229896800006 PM 19003258 ER PT J AU Ramsay, TG AF Ramsay, TG TI Porcine leptin alters isolated adipocyte glucose and fatty acid metabolism SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE leptin; adipocyte; metabolism ID ISOLATED RAT ADIPOCYTES; WHITE ADIPOSE-TISSUE; GROWTH-HORMONE; LIPID-METABOLISM; GENE-EXPRESSION; SYNTHASE GENE; IN-VITRO; INSULIN; SWINE; SOMATOTROPIN AB This study examined if leptin can acutely affect glucose or fatty acid metabolism in pig adipocytes and whether leptin's actions on lipogenesis are manifested through interaction with insulin or growth hormone. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained from similar to55 kg crossbred barrows at the USDA abattoir. Isolated adipocytes were prepared using a collagenase procedure. Experiments assessed U-C-14-glucose or 1-C-14-palmitate metabolism in isolated adipocytes exposed to: basal medium (control), WOW insulin, 100 ng/ml porcine growth hormone, 100 ng/mI recombinant porcine leptin, and combinations of these hormones. Treatments were performed in triplicate and the experiment was repeated with adipocytes isolated from five different animals. Cell aliquots (250 mul) were added to I ml of incubation medium, then incubated for 2 h at 37degreesC for measurement of glucose and palmitate oxidation or incorporation into lipid. Incubation of isolated adipocytes with insulin increased glucose oxidation rate by 18% (P < 0.05), while neither growth hormone nor leptin affected glucose oxidation (P > 0.5). Total lipid synthesis from glucose was increased by approximately 25% by 100 nM insulin or insulin + growth hormone (P < 0.05). Insulin + leptin reduced the insulin response by 37% (P < 0.05). The combination of all three hormones increased total lipid synthesis by 35%, relative to controls (P < 0.05), a rate similar to insulin alone. Fatty acid synthesis was elevated by insulin (32%, P < 0.05) or growth hormone (13%, P < 0.05). Leptin had no effect on fatty acid synthesis (P > 0.05). Leptin reduced the esterification rate by 10% (P < 0.05). Growth hormone and insulin could overcome leptin's,inhibition of palmitate esterification (P > 0.05). (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Growth Biol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ramsay, TG (reprint author), ARS, Growth Biol Lab, USDA, BARC-E,Bldg 200,Rm 201, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tramsay@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 46 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 26 IS 1 BP 11 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2003.07.001 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 768UA UT WOS:000188552400002 PM 14732449 ER PT J AU Orr, R Singh, MF AF Orr, R Singh, MF TI The anabolic androgenic steroid oxandrolone in the treatment of wasting and catabolic disorders - Review of efficacy and safety SO DRUGS LA English DT Review ID MUSCLE PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; HUMAN GROWTH-HORMONE; SEVERE BURN INJURY; PELIOSIS-HEPATIS; LONG-TERM; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; WEIGHT-LOSS; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; RESISTANCE EXERCISE; CONTROLLED-TRIAL AB There has been increasing interest in the development of effective agents that scan be safely used to promote anabolism in the clinical setting for patients with chronic wasting conditions as well as in the prevention and treatment of frailty associated with loss of muscle tissue in aging (sarcopenia). One such agent is the anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) oxandrolone, which has been used in such clinical situations as HIV-related muscle wasting, severe burn injury, trauma following major surgery, neuromuscular disorders and alcoholic hepatitis for over 30 years. In the US, oxandrolone is the only AAS that is US FDA-approved for restitution of weight loss after severe trauma, major surgery or infections, malnutrition due to alcoholic cirrhosis, and Duchenne's or Becker's muscular. dystrophy. Our review of the use of oxandrolone in the treatment of catabolic disorders, HIV and AIDS-related wasting, neuromuscular and other disorders provides strong evidence of its clinical efficacy. Improvements in body composition, muscle strength and function, status of underlying disease or recovery from acute catabolic injury and nutritional status are significant in the vast majority of well designed trials. However, oxandrolone has not yet been studied in sarcopenia. Unlike other orally administered C17alpha-alkylated AASs, the novel chemical configuration of oxandrolone confers a resistance to liver metabolism as well as marked anabolic activity. In addition, oxandrolone appears not to exhibit the serious hepatotoxic effects (jaundice, cholestatic hepatitis, peliosis hepatis, hyperplasias and neoplasms) attributed to the C17alpha-alkylated AASs. Oxandrolone is reported to be generally well tolerated and the most commonly documented adverse effects are transient elevations in transaminase levels and reductions in high density lipoprotein cholesterol level. However, optimal risk : benefit ratios for oxandrolone and other agents in its class will need to be refined before widespread clinical acceptance of AASs as a therapeutic option in sarcopenia and other chronic wasting conditions. C1 Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Hebrew Rehabil Ctr Aged, Boston, MA 02131 USA. RP Orr, R (reprint author), POB 170, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia. EM R.Orr@fhs.usyd.edu.au RI Orr, Rhonda/C-1817-2008 NR 122 TC 74 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 11 PU ADIS INT LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 0012-6667 EI 1179-1950 J9 DRUGS JI Drugs PY 2004 VL 64 IS 7 BP 725 EP 750 DI 10.2165/00003495-200464070-00004 PG 26 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 811DO UT WOS:000220752800004 PM 15025546 ER PT J AU Ogawa, K AF Ogawa, Kenta TI Mapping Surface Broadband Emissivity of the Sahara Desert Using ASTER and MODIS Data SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Surface broadband emissivity; ASTER; Longwave net radiation AB Surface broadband emissivity in the thermal infrared region is an important parameter for the studies of the surface energy balance. This paper focuses on estimating a broadband window emissivity from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) data. Both sensors are on board the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra satellite, which was launched in 1999. First, several definitions of the broadband emissivity were investigated, and it was found that the emissivity integrated between 8 and 13.5 mu m is the best for estimating the net longwave radiation under clear-sky conditions. Then, a method to estimate broadband emissivity at the continental scale was developed. The method uses two regressions. The first regression is to relate the broadband emissivity to the emissivities for the five ASTER channels using measured emissivities in the laboratory from spectral libraries. The second regression relates the broadband emissivity map from ASTER data to the emissivity and reflectance derived from MODIS data. The first regression was used for mapping the broadband emissivity using ASTER data in a 500 km x 1400 km area of North Africa, which includes Tunisia, eastern Algeria, and western Libya. This emissivity map was used to calibrate the second regression, which was applied to MODIS data and generated a broadband emissivity map over North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. The range of the broadband emissivity was found to be between 0.85 and 0.96 for the desert area. The resulting broadband emissivity maps and the methodology for generating them will contribute to future climate modeling studies. C1 [Ogawa, Kenta] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Ogawa, Kenta] Univ Tokyo, Sch Engn, Tokyo, Japan. RP Ogawa, K (reprint author), Hitachi Ltd, Chiyoda Ku, 4-6 Kanda Surugadai, Tokyo 1018010, Japan. EM kenta@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Ogawa, Kenta/B-7687-2008 FU NASA's EOSTerra Program FX This study was supported by the ASTER Project of NASA's EOSTerra Program. The ASTER Spectral Library was provided by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California. The authors wish to thank Dr. Simon Hook from NASA JPL and Dr. Liming Zhou from Georgia Institute of Technology for useful suggestions and comments on this study. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PY 2004 VL 8 AR 7 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA V04OA UT WOS:000207066500007 ER PT J AU Harvey, BC White, JL Nakamoto, RJ AF Harvey, BC White, JL Nakamoto, RJ TI An emergent multiple predator effect may enhance biotic resistance in a stream fish assemblage SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biotic resistance; Cottidae; cover; Cyprinidae; emergent multiple predator effects; introduced species; laboratory stream; predation risk; stream fish ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; COASTRANGE SCULPIN; PISCIVOROUS FISH; PRICKLY SCULPIN; COTTUS-ASPER; FRESH-WATER; EEL RIVER; CALIFORNIA; ECOLOGY; PREY AB While two cyprinid fishes introduced from nearby drainages have become widespread and abundant in the Eel River of northwestern California, a third nonindigenous cyprinid has remained largely confined to less than or equal to25 km of one major tributary. (the Van Duzen River) for at least 15 years. The downstream limit of this species, speckled dace, does not appear to correspond with any thresholds or steep gradients in abiotic conditions, but it lies near the upstream limits of three other fishes: coastrange sculpin, prickly sculpin, and nonindigenous Sacramento pikeminnow. We conducted a laboratory stream experiment to explore the potential for emergent multiple predator effects to influence biotic resistance in this situation. Sculpins in combination with Sacramento pikeminnow caused greater mortality of speckled dace than predicted based on their separate effects. In contrast to speckled dace, 99% of sculpin survived trials with Sacramento pikeminnow, in part because sculpin usually occupied benthic cover units while Sacramento pikeminnow occupied the water column. A 10-fold difference in benthic cover availability did not detectably influence biotic interactions in the experiment. The distribution of speckled dace in the Eel River drainage may be limited by two predator taxa with very different patterns of habitat use and a shortage of alternative habitats. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Harvey, BC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM bch3@humboldt.edu NR 24 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 18 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2004 VL 85 IS 1 BP 127 EP 133 DI 10.1890/03-3018 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 772XX UT WOS:000188869000016 ER PT S AU Keller, M Silva-Dias, MA Nepstad, DC Andreae, MO AF Keller, M Silva-Dias, MA Nepstad, DC Andreae, MO BE DeFries, RS Asner, GP Houghton, RA TI The large-scale biosphere-atmosphere experiment in Amazonia: Analyzing regional land use change effects SO ECOSYSTEMS AND LAND USE CHANGE SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ecosystems Interactions with Land Use Change CY JUN, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Amer Geophys Union, Chapman ID BOUNDARY-LAYER EXPERIMENT; BRAZILIAN-AMAZON; EASTERN AMAZON; TROPICAL FORESTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; RAIN-FOREST; OXIDE EMISSIONS; FIRE ACTIVITY; DRY SEASON; BIOMASS AB Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) is a multi-disciplinary, multinational scientific project led by Brazil. LBA researchers seek to understand Amazonia in its global context especially with regard to regional and global climate. Current development activities in Amazonia including deforestation, logging, cattle ranching, and agriculture significantly perturb regional and global carbon budgets and the atmospheric radiation budget through both greenhouse gas inputs and the increase in atmospheric particulates generated by fires. The Brazilian Amazon currently releases about 0.2 Pg-C to the atmosphere each year as a result of net deforestation. Logging and forest fire activity are poorly quantified but certainly increase this amount by more than 10%. Fires associated with land management activities generate smoke that leads to heating of the lower atmosphere, decreases in overall cloudiness, increases in cloud lifetimes, and the suppression of rainfall. There are considerable uncertainties associated with our understanding of smoke effects. Present development trends point to agricultural intensification in the Brazilian Amazon. This intensification and the associated generation of wealth present an opportunity to enhance governance on the frontier and to minimize the damaging effects of fires. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR USA. RP Keller, M (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR USA. OI Andreae, Meinrat/0000-0003-1968-7925 NR 92 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 0-87590-418-1 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2004 VL 153 BP 321 EP 334 DI 10.1029/153GM24 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BBO99 UT WOS:000226789500023 ER PT J AU Patrick, ME Adcock, PM Gomez, TM Altekruse, SF Holland, BH Tauxe, RV Swerdlow, DL AF Patrick, ME Adcock, PM Gomez, TM Altekruse, SF Holland, BH Tauxe, RV Swerdlow, DL TI Salmonella enteritidis infections, United States, 1985-1999 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PHAGE TYPE-4; EGGS; OUTBREAKS; FLOCKS; HENS AB Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis emerged as an important illness during the 1980s. Investigations showed that consumption of undercooked eggs was the major risk factor for disease, and a variety of prevention and control efforts were initiated during the 1990s. We describe sporadic infections and outbreaks of S. Enteritidis in the United States from 1985 through 1999 and discuss prevention and control efforts. After reaching a high of 3.9 per 100,000 population in 1995, S. Enteritidis infections declined to 1.98 per 100,000 in 1999. While the total number of outbreaks decreased by half, those in the western states tripled. Outbreaks of S. Enteritidis phage type 4 infections accounted for 49% of outbreaks in 1999. Outbreak-associated deaths in health facilities decreased from 14 in 1987 to 0 in 1999. Overall, rates of sporadic S. Enteritidis infection, outbreaks, and deaths have declined dramatically. For further reductions, control measures should continue to be applied along the entire farm-to-table continuum. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. USDA, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Patrick, ME (reprint author), Dekalb Cty Board Hlth, Div Hlth Assessment & Promot, Sakura, Ibaraki 30031, Japan. EM mcevans@gdph.state.ga.us NR 25 TC 161 Z9 169 U1 0 U2 7 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2004 VL 10 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 762GD UT WOS:000187962800001 PM 15078589 ER PT J AU Muellner, MG Rundell, MS Vaughn, SF Berhow, MA Wagner, ED Plewa, MJ AF Muellner, MG Rundell, MS Vaughn, SF Berhow, MA Wagner, ED Plewa, MJ TI Development of FTC antioxidant microplate asssay and the isolation of antioxidants from agricultural by-products. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 02-06, 2004 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 2004 VL 44 IS 3 MA 120 BP 216 EP 216 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 852MF UT WOS:000223758700125 ER PT J AU Lasky, T Sun, WY Kadry, A Hoffman, MK AF Lasky, T Sun, WY Kadry, A Hoffman, MK TI Mean total arsenic concentrations in chicken 1989-2000 and estimated exposures for consumers of chicken SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE arsenic; chicken; dose; drug residue; exposure; food safety; risk assessment ID TOTAL DIET; FOLLOW-UP; KIDNEY; CANCER; LIVER; RISK; MORTALITY; COHORT; WATER; FEED AB The purpose of this study was to estimate mean concentrations of total arsenic in chicken liver tissue and then estimate total and inorganic arsenic ingested by humans through chicken consumption. We used national monitoring data from the Food Safety and Inspection Service National Residue Program to estimate mean arsenic concentrations for 1994-2000. Incorporating assumptions about the concentrations of arsenic in liver and muscle tissues as well as the proportions of inorganic and organic arsenic, we then applied the estimates to national chicken consumption data to calculate inorganic, organic, and total arsenic ingested by eating chicken. The mean concentration of total arsenic in young chickens was 0.39 ppm, 3- to 4-fold higher than in other poultry and meat. At mean levels of chicken consumption (60 g/person/day), people may ingest 1.38-5.24 mug/day of inorganic arsenic from chicken alone. At the 99th percentile of chicken consumption (350 g chicken/day), people may ingest 21.13-30.59 mug inorganic arsenic/day and 32.50-47.07 mug total arsenic/day from chicken. These concentrations are higher than previously recognized in chicken, which may necessitate adjustments to estimates of arsenic ingested through diet and may need to be considered when estimating overall exposure to arsenic. C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Lasky, T (reprint author), NICHD, MSC 7510,6100 Execut blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM TL177G@nih.gov NR 23 TC 67 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 18 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 112 IS 1 BP 18 EP 21 DI 10.1289/ehp.6407 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 761NH UT WOS:000187914500034 PM 14698925 ER PT S AU Torbert, HA Potter, KN AF Torbert, HA Potter, KN BE Hall, WL Robarge, WP TI Fertility management effects on runoff losses of phosphorus SO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF FERTILIZER ON SOIL AND WATER SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposim on Environmental Impact of Fertilizer on Soil and Water held at the 222nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 26-30, 2001 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Chem Soc ID EXTRACTABLE SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; WHEAT-STRAW RESIDUES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SURFACE RUNOFF; NO-TILL; AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS; RAINFALL SIMULATOR; NUTRIENT LOSSES; ORGANIC-CARBON; CLAY SOILS AB Most agricultural soils are deficient in at least one of the essential nutrients for plant growth, or the complex processes of nutrient cycling interact to limit their availability. These nutrients are commonly added to soil as fertilizers in either inorganic or organic forms. However, poor application of fertilizers (both inorganic and organic) can lead to nutrient loss from agricultural land by runoff and leaching. These potential non-point source nutrient losses can contribute to environmental degradation, eutrophication of surface waters, and possible human health risks. These concerns have been stimulated by blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate algae (Pfiesteria piscicidia) that have caused fish kills and human illnesses and by reports of a hypoxic area (low dissolved oxygen) in the Gulf of Mexico (20,000 km(2)) (1), which have been attributed to pollution from excess nutrients (2). Nonpoint source pollution from agriculture has been identified as the leading source of water quality reduction by the USEPA (3), with estimates that agriculture affects the degradation of 60% of river miles, 50% of lake acres, and 34% of estuaries acres. While these impairments are not nutrient specific, both N and P have been implicated in causing accelerated eutrophication. The role of nutrients in the eutrophication process is very complex, but in general, lake eutrophication is associated with P, N is associated with ocean waters, and both N and P are associated with estuaries (4, 5). Factors affecting non-point loss of nutrients from agricultural soils are numerous and complex. Many of the factors that affect nutrient losses can be greatly impacted by agricultural management practices. Scientists have continued to research and develop methods to improve agricultural practices to reduce nutrient losses. C1 ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36382 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, USDA, 4116 Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36382 USA. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3811-1 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2004 VL 872 BP 220 EP 234 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BY64D UT WOS:000189428000016 ER PT J AU Bailey, RG AF Bailey, RG TI Identifying ecoregion boundaries SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ecosystem geography; ecoregions; mapping; boundaries; United States; North America; world ID ECOLOGICAL LAND CLASSIFICATION; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE; REGIONALIZATION; DELINEATION; VEGETATION; REGIONS; SCALE; MAP AB This article summarizes the rationale I used in identifying ecoregion boundaries on maps of the United States, North America, and the world's continents, published from 1976 to 1998. The geographic reasoning used in drawing boundaries involves 20 principles, which are presented to stimulate discussion and further understanding. Brief background and references are provided for the principles. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Inventory & Monitoring Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Bailey, RG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Inventory & Monitoring Inst, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg A, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM rgbailey@fs.fed.us NR 67 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PY 2004 VL 34 SU 1 BP S14 EP S26 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-0163-6 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 915VU UT WOS:000228340200002 PM 15883869 ER PT J AU Orr, CH Roth, BM Forshay, KJ Gonzales, JD Papenfus, MM Wassell, RDG AF Orr, CH Roth, BM Forshay, KJ Gonzales, JD Papenfus, MM Wassell, RDG TI Examination of physical and regulatory variables leading to small dam removal in Wisconsin SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE dam removal; place attachment; river management AB The decision to remove or repair a dam depends on multiple variables, many of which encompass both physical and social factors. In Wisconsin, the Department of Natural Resources is mandated to inspect small dams every ten years, A safety inspection often acts as a trigger event to a dam removal or repair decision. Although the issues surrounding a dam removal decision are often couched as ecological, these decisions are influenced by their social and regulatory context. In this work, we examine descriptive variables of Wisconsin dams that were inspected and consequently removed or maintained between 1985 and 1990. We hypothesize that geographic location, height of dam, size of impoundment, age of dam, and type of ownership determine the likelihood of a safety inspection, and the subsequent likelihood of removal. Using a logistic model, we find that publicly owned dams had the greatest probability of inspection after 1985. Of these dams, older dams and those with smaller impoundments were most likely to be removed. We were unable to build a strong predictive model for dam removal with our suite of variables, suggesting that a community's decision to remove or maintain a dam is complex and heterogeneous. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Rural Sociol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Madison, WI USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Okanogan & Wenatchee Natl Forests, Cle Elum Ranger Dist, Cle Elum, WA USA. RP Orr, CH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, 680 N Pk St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM csorr@students.wisc.edu; bmroth@students.wisc.edu RI Forshay, Ken/N-4068-2014; Forshay, Kenneth/P-3649-2015 OI Forshay, Ken/0000-0002-2867-8492; Forshay, Kenneth/0000-0002-2867-8492 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 1 BP 99 EP 109 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-2941-6 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 808OJ UT WOS:000220578100009 PM 14994162 ER PT J AU Hagen, LJ AF Hagen, LJ TI Evaluation of the Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) erosion submodel on cropland fields SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE wind erosion; soil; aggregate stability; aggregate size distribution; soil crust AB This study represents part of a project by the Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystem Soil Erosion Network to validate wind erosion models. Soil loss measurements from 46 storm events from eroding fields in six states were compared to predictions from the Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) erosion submodel. The field data were collected from small (2.5 ha), circular, cropland fields with nonerodible boundaries. Samplers were arranged in vertical clusters to sample horizontal soil discharge passing a point. Weather data. including wind speed, wind direction, solar radiation, relative humidity, air temperature, and rainfall, were collected on-site. Temporal field site characteristics were measured periodically and included surface roughness, plant/residue cover, and dry aggregate size distribution. The WEPS erosion submodel was used to calculate the threshold erosion friction velocity based on surface conditions and then simulate soil loss during daily periods when the speed exceeded that threshold. Measured and simulated erosion values were in reasonable agreement (R-2 = 0.71). On average, the erosion model underpredicted soil loss, and the probable reasons are discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, GMPRC, Wind Eros Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Hagen, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, GMPRC, Wind Eros Res Unit, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM hagen@weru.ksu.edu NR 11 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 171 EP 176 DI 10.1016/S1364-8152(03)00119-1 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 801YI UT WOS:000220130800008 ER PT J AU Funk, R Skidmore, EL Hagen, LJ AF Funk, R Skidmore, EL Hagen, LJ TI Comparison of wind erosion measurements in Germany with simulated soil losses by WEPS SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE wind erosion; wind erosion prediction system; model validation ID SALTATION AB The Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) is a process-based model that simulates daily weather and field conditions along with hourly wind speeds and erosion. Its physical basis should allow model application to regions outside the US for which it was originally developed. The objective of this study was to compare results from measured wind erosion with simulated soil losses as a first example of WEPS use in Germany. Another objective was to introduce methods and techniques for quantifying wind erosion in preparation for model comparison studies to be undertaken within the Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems Soil Erosion Network. Comparisons between the measured and simulated erosion were based on single erosion events and outputs from the erosion submodel of WEPS. Multiple runs of the model were performed with varying roughness parameters to set the simulated threshold wind speed equal to that measured during the first erosion event after a tillage operation. This initial data set was used, depending on the rainfall or erosion, as the basis for the gradually changing roughness, crust cover and the fraction of erodible material on crust for all the following erosion events. Thus, the accuracy of the simulation depends much more on the relationship between erosion events, than on a good agreement for one single event. The results showed excellent agreement between measured and simulated erosion (R-2 > 0.9). This is mainly attributed to the good agreement with the four largest erosion events in which transport exceeded 100 kg/m width. Excluding these events, R-2 was reduced to about 0.6 for all other erosion events. Spatial and temporal variability of the soil transport were also reasonably simulated. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Agr Landscape & Land Use Res, D-15374 Muncheberg, Germany. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Wind Eros Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Funk, R (reprint author), Ctr Agr Landscape & Land Use Res, D-15374 Muncheberg, Germany. RI Funk, Roger/A-4412-2014 NR 19 TC 40 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1016/S1364-8152(03)00120-8 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 801YI UT WOS:000220130800009 ER PT J AU Coen, GM Tatarko, J Martin, TC Cannon, KR Goddard, TW Sweetland, NJ AF Coen, GM Tatarko, J Martin, TC Cannon, KR Goddard, TW Sweetland, NJ TI A method for using WEPS to map wind erosion risk of Alberta soils SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE extrapolation procedure; wind erosion risk; risk modeling; risk mapping AB Alberta has 27 million hectares of agricultural land, a significant portion of which is at risk to wind erosion. Combining recently completed provincial digital soils maps (Agricultural Region of Alberta Soil Inventory Database-AGRASID) with geographically referenced spatial weather data and land management descriptions (crop rotations plus cultivation practice) provided an opportunity to evaluate, using the Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) model, wind erosion risk on soils/land in the dominantly agricultural portion of Alberta. Since WEPS is a point model, it requires comparatively specific environmental and management information. We used a quarter section (65 ha) as a typical situation for a WEPS estimation. Using these data, the erosion risk for each of the 28,000 AGRASID polygons in Alberta was obtained by the sum of the separate contributions of each soil-management-climate combination. The WEPS model with appropriate databases provides a means to make more spatially explicit, and hopefully more accurate. assessments of wind erosion risks as affected by changing agricultural management. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, WERU, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Alberta Agr Food & Rural Dev, Edmonton, AB T6H 5T6, Canada. RP Coen, GM (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. EM coeng@agr.gc.ca; jt@weru.ksu.edu; tim.martin@gov.ab.ca; karen.cannon@gov.ab.ca; tom.goddard@gov.ab.ca; sweetlandn@agr.gc.ca NR 11 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 185 EP 189 DI 10.1016/S1364-8152(03)00121-X PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 801YI UT WOS:000220130800010 ER PT J AU Van Pelt, RS Zobeck, TM Potter, KN Stout, JE Popham, TW AF Van Pelt, RS Zobeck, TM Potter, KN Stout, JE Popham, TW TI Validation of the wind erosion stochastic simulator (WESS) and the revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ) for single events SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE wind erosion; soil loss; predictive models; RWEQ; WESS; EPIC ID FIELD AB The wind erosion stochastic simulator (WESS) is a single event wind erosion model that is the core of the wind erosion submodel of the environmental policy integrated climate (EPIC) erosion model. WESS uses inputs of soil texture, erodible particle diameter, soil roughness, soil water content, crop residue, and 10 min average wind speeds to predict the erosion at several user-selected distances within a given field. The revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ) makes annual or period estimates of wind erosion based on a single event wind erosion model that includes factors for wind and rainfall, soil roughness, the erodible fraction of soil, crusting, and surface residues. In this study, we compared estimates of wind erosion at multiple points in a field for 24 events at Big Spring, Texas with the predictions of WESS and compared estimates of maximum sediment transport capacity (Qmax), critical field length at which Qmax is attained (S), and soil loss (SL) calculated from field measured data collected at six locations and 41 events with the predictions of RWEQ. Compared to observed estimates of erosion for the 24 events, WESS under-predicted 9 events, accurately predicted 8 events, and over-predicted 7 events. In general, RWEQ underestimated Qmax and SL and overestimated S. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. USDA ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. USDA, ARS, S Plains Area, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Van Pelt, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, 302 W 1-20, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. EM svanpelt@lbk.ars.usda.gov; tzobeck@lbk.ars.usda.gov RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012 NR 11 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 191 EP 198 DI 10.1016/S1364-8152(03)00122-1 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 801YI UT WOS:000220130800011 ER PT J AU Van Pelt, RS Zobeck, TM AF Van Pelt, RS Zobeck, TM TI Validation of the Wind Erosion Equation (WEQ) for discrete periods SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE wind erosion; soil loss; predictive models ID FIELD AB The Wind Erosion Equation (WEQ) is currently used by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) to ensure compliance with government guidelines for soil loss from agricultural land. The model uses inputs of soil texture. annual mean climate data, statistically derived wind energy apportionment tables, and field management options to predict soil loss on a management period and annual basis. In this study, we compared estimates of wind erosion derived from the sums of field measurements at seven locations, two of which had multiple years of observations (a total of 14 periods of comparison), with the predictions of WEQ. WEQ under-predicted the observed estimates of 11 of the 14 periods by as much as a factor of nine. For the three periods that WEQ over-predicted observed erosion estimates, the factor was less than 1.5. Across all sites and periods considered in this investigation, WEQ only predicted about 53% of the observed estimated erosion. Analysis of two average years at Big Spring, TX, indicated that WEQ could be locally calibrated by use of increased climatic (C') and soil erodibility (I) values as well as combinations of the two. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. USDA ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Van Pelt, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, 302 W,120, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. EM svanpelt@lbk.ars.usda.gov RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012 NR 8 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 199 EP 203 DI 10.1016/S1364-8152(03)00123-3 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 801YI UT WOS:000220130800012 ER PT J AU Nute, D Potter, WD Maier, F Wang, J Twery, M Rauscher, HM Knopp, P Thomasma, S Dass, M Uchiyama, H Glende, A AF Nute, D Potter, WD Maier, F Wang, J Twery, M Rauscher, HM Knopp, P Thomasma, S Dass, M Uchiyama, H Glende, A TI NED-2: an agent-based decision support system for forest ecosystem management SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Biennial Meeting of the International-Environmental-Modelling-and-Software-Society (iEMSs) CY JUL, 2002 CL Univ Lugano, Lugano, SWITZERLAND SP Int Environm Modelling & Software Soc HO Univ Lugano DE ecosystem management; model management; decision support system; knowledge based system; blackboard architecture; prolog AB Decision making for forest ecosystem management can include the use of a wide variety of modeling tools. These tools include vegetation growth models. wildlife models, silvicultural models, GIs, and visualization tools. NED-2 is a robust, intelligent, goal-driven decision support system that integrates tools in each of these categories. NED-2 uses a blackboard architecture and a set of semi-autonomous agents to manage these tools for the user. The blackboard integrates a Microsoft Access database and Prolog clauses, and the agents are implemented in Prolog. A graphical user interface written in Visual C++ provides powerful inventory analysis tools, dialogs for selecting timber, water, ecological, wildlife, and visual goals, and dialogs for defining treatments and building prescriptive management plans. Users can simulate management plans and perform goal analysis on different views of the management unit, where a view is determined by a management plan and a point in time. Prolog agents use growth and yield models to simulate management plans, perform goal analyses on user-specified views of the management unit, display results of plan simulation using GIS tools, and generate hypertext documents containing the results of such analysis. Individual agents use metaknowledge to set up and run external simulation models, to load rule-based models and perform inference, to set up and execute external GIs and visualization systems, and to generate hypertext reports as needed, relieving the user from performing all these tasks. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Artificial Intelligence, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, NE Res Stn, Forest Serv, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. USDA, Bent Creek Ept Forest, SE Res Stn, Forest Serv, Asheville, NC USA. RP Nute, D (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Artificial Intelligence, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM dnute@uga.edu RI Dass, Mayukh/C-8277-2013 OI Dass, Mayukh/0000-0002-7755-746X NR 15 TC 21 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 9 BP 831 EP 843 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2003.03.002 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 837PR UT WOS:000222648200007 ER PT J AU Garber, EAE Erb, JL Magner, J Larsen, G AF Garber, EAE Erb, JL Magner, J Larsen, G TI Low levels of sodium and potassium in the water from wetlands in minnesota that contained malformed frogs affect the rate of Xenopus development SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE frog embryo teratogenesis assay : xenopus (FETAX); frog malformations; Minnesota; potassium; sodium ID EMBRYO TERATOGENESIS ASSAY; LIMB MALFORMATIONS; RANA-PIPIENS; POPULATION DECLINES; POND WATER; UV-B; LAEVIS; FETAX; METAMORPHOSIS; DEFORMITIES AB Water samples were collected between 1999 and 2000 from wetlands in Minnesota that contained malformed frogs. The water samples were analyzed for 14 minerals/ions and screened for the presence of biologically active compounds using Xenopus laevis. Results indicated that water from two sites, CWB and ROI2, induced severe retardation with embryo lengths reduced 20% after 96 hr of development. The developmental delay observed with water from ROI2 was alleviated by supplementation with sodium, while both sodium and potassium alleviated the developmental delay observed with water whose mineral content mimicked that of CWB. Seasonal fluctuations in the sodium and potassium content at ROI2 and NEY correlated with changes in the rates of Xenopus development. Xenopus embryos reared on water from ROI2 for 120 hr displayed gut malformations not present in embryos reared on a synthetic media designed to mimic the mineral content of the water from ROI2. Embryos reared on water from ROI2 supplemented with minerals at levels comparable to that routinely employed in the rearing of Xenopus were neither retarded nor malformed. It is proposed that climate driven hydrology may influence the mineral composition at selected wetlands and delay development which may alter window(s) of susceptibility towards biologically active agents and the occurrence of malformed frogs. C1 ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND USA. ThreeFold Sensors, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Minnesota Pollut Control Agcy, St Paul, MN USA. RP Garber, EAE (reprint author), US FDA, Div Nat Prod, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy,HFS-315, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 90 IS 1-3 BP 45 EP 64 DI 10.1023/B:EMAS.0000003565.25474.8f PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 744CP UT WOS:000186610600003 PM 15887362 ER PT J AU Basta, NT McGowen, SL AF Basta, NT McGowen, SL TI Evaluation of chemical immobilization treatments for reducing heavy metal transport in a smelter-contaminated soil SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE heavy metals; transport; chemical immobilization; diammonium phosphate; rock phosphate ID LEAD ORTHOPHOSPHATES; PLANT UPTAKE; PHOSPHATE; CADMIUM; SOLUBILITY; ZINC; APATITE; PB; CD; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Three chemical immobilization materials, agricultural limestone (AL), mineral rock phosphate (RP), and diammonium phosphate (DAP), were evaluated using solute transport experiments to determine their ability to reduce subsurface heavy metal transport in a smelter contaminated soil. Percent reductions in metals transported were based on comparison with cumulative totals of metal species eluted through 60 pore volumes from an untreated soil. Reductions of metal eluted from the AL treatment were 55% for Cd, 45.2% for Ph. and 21.9% for Zn. Rock phosphate mixed with soil at 60 and 180 g kg(-1) was generally ineffective for reducing Cd. Pb. and Zn elution with <27% reduction for Cd, Pb, and Zn. Rock phosphate placed under contaminated soil as a reactive barrier (i.e. layered RP) at 180 g kg(-1) reduced Cd 53% and Zn 24%, and was the most efficient treatment for reducing Pb (99.9%) transport. DAP treatments were superior to all other materials for reducing Cd and Zn elution with reduction > 77% for Zn and > 91 % for Cd from the 90 g DAP kg(-1) treatment. Increasing DAP from 10 to 90 g kg(-1) increased total arsenic released from 0.13 to 29.5 mg kg(-1) and total P eluted from 2.31 to 335 mg. DAP at 10 g kg(-1) was the most effective treatment for immobilizing the combination of Cd, Pb, and Zn, with reductions of 94.6, 98.9, and 95.8%, respectively. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA, NRCS, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. RP Basta, NT (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 58 TC 184 Z9 243 U1 5 U2 64 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2004 VL 127 IS 1 BP 73 EP 82 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00250-1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 735ET UT WOS:000186100000009 PM 14553997 ER PT J AU Sigua, GC Holtkamp, ML Coleman, SW AF Sigua, GC Holtkamp, ML Coleman, SW TI Assessing the efficacy of dredged materials from lake Panasoffkee, Florida: Implication to environment and agriculture - Part 1: Soil and environmental quality aspect SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE agriculture; bahiagrass; beef cattle; dredged materials; forage-based pasture; probable effect levels (PEL); threshold effect levels (TEL) AB Background, Aims and Scope. Dredged materials because of its variable but unique physical and chemical properties are often viewed by society and regulators as pollutants, but many have used these materials in coastal nourishment, land or wetland creation, construction materials, and for soil improvement as a soil amendment. Environmental impact assessment is an important pre-requisite to many dredging initiatives. The ability to reuse lake-dredge materials (LDM) for agricultural purposes is important because it reduces the need for offshore disposal and provides an alternative to disposal of the materials in landfills. Additional research on disposal options of dredged materials are much needed to supply information on criteria testing and evaluation of the physical and chemical impacts of dredged materials at a disposal site, as well as information on many other aspects of dredging and dredged material disposal. While preliminary efforts are underway to provide information to establish criteria for land disposal, testing procedures for possible land disposal of contaminated sediments are still in their developing stage. The objective of this study (Part 1) was to quantify the effect of applied LDM from Lake Panasoffkee (LP), Florida on soil physico-chemical properties (soil quality) at the disposal site. This series of two papers aims at providing assessment of the efficacy of lake-dredged materials from LP especially its implication to environment (soil quality, Part 1) and agriculture (forage quality and pasture establishment, Part 2). Methods. The experimental treatments that were evaluated consisted of different ratios of natural soil (NS) to LDM: LDM0 (100% NS:0% LDM); LDM25 (75% NS:25% LDM); LDM50 (50% NS:50% LDM); LDM75 (25% NS:75% LDM); and LDM100 (0% NS:100% LDM). Field layout was based on the principle of a completely randomized block design with four replications. The Mehlich 1 method (0.05 (N) under bar HCl in 0.025 (N) under bar H2SO4) was used for chemical extraction of soil. Soil P and other exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K, Al, and Fe) were analyzed using an Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Spectroscopy. The effects of dredged materials addition on soil quality and compaction were analyzed statistically following the PROC ANOVA procedures. Results and Discussion. Sediments that were dredged from LP have high CaCO3 content (82%) and when these materials were incorporated into existing topsoil they would have the same favorable effects as liming the field. Thus, sediments with high CaCO3 may improve the physical and chemical conditions of subtropical sandy pastures. The heavy and trace metal contents of LDM were below the probable effect levels (PEL) and threshold effect levels (TEL). Average values for Pb, Zn, As, Cu, Hg, Se, Cd, and Ni of 5.2 +/- 1.3, 7.0 +/- 0.6, 4.4 +/- 0.1, 8.7 +/- 1.2, 0.01 +/- 0.02, 0.02 +/- 0.02, 2.5 +/- 0.1, and 14.6 +/- 6.4 mg kg(-1), respectively, were below the TEL and the PEL. TEL represents the concentrations of sediment-associated contaminants that are considered to cause significant hazards to aquatic organisms, while, PEL represents the lower limit of the range of the contaminant concentrations that are usually or always associated with adverse biological effects. As such, the agricultural or livestock industry could utilize these LDM to produce forages. LDM should be regarded as a beneficial resource, as a part of the ecological system. Addition of LDM had significant (p less than or equal to 0.001) effects on soil physico-chemical properties and soil quality. Compared with the control plots, the soils in plots amended with LDM exhibited: (1) lower degree of soil compaction; (2) an increase in soil pH, Ca, and Mg; (3) decrease in the levels of soil Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Si; and (4) no significant change in the level of Na in the soil. Results have shown the favorable influence that LDM had on soil compaction. The treatment x year interaction effect was not significant, but the average soil compaction varied widely (p: 0.001) with LDM application. In 2002 and 2003, soil compaction of plots was lowered significantly as a result of LDM additions. The least compacted soils in 2002 and 2003 were observed from plots with LDM75 with mean soil compaction of 300 x 10(3) and 350 x 10(3) Pa, respectively. Conclusion. Beneficial uses of dredged materials from LP, Florida are both economical and environmental. Often these materials can be obtained at little or no cost to the farmers or landowners in south Florida. Environmentally, dredging of sediments that are rich in CaCO3 should restore the 19.4-sq km LP by removing natural sediments from the lake bottom to improve the fishery, water quality, and navigation of the lake. The bottom sediment materials from lakes, river, and navigational channels usually are composed of upland soil enriched with nutrients and organic matter. These materials should be regarded as a beneficial resource to be used productively and not to be discarded as spoil materials. Recommendation and Outlook. Land application of LDM from LP may not only provide substantial benefits that will enhance the environment, community, and society in south Florida, but also in other parts of the world especially those areas having tropical and subtropical climate with forage-based beef cattle pastures. The heavy and trace metal contents of LDM from LP were below the PEL and TEL. As such, the agricultural or livestock industry could utilize these LDM to produce forages (Part 2 of this study). LDM should be regarded as a beneficial resource, as a part of the ecological system. Further studies are still needed to determine whether the environmental and ecological implications of LDM application are satisfied over the longer term. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. SW Florida Water Management Dist, Tampa, FL 33637 USA. RP Sigua, GC (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM gcsigua@mail.ifas.ufl.edu NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 29 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA RUDOLF-DIESEL-STR 3, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 321 EP 326 DI 10.1065/espr2004.08.212.1 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 859AJ UT WOS:000224233900008 PM 15506635 ER PT J AU Sigua, GC Holtkamp, ML Coleman, SW AF Sigua, GC Holtkamp, ML Coleman, SW TI Assessing the efficacy of dredged materials from lake Panasoffkee, Florida: Implication to environment and agriculture - Part 2: Pasture establishment and forage productivity SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE agriculture; bahiagrass; beef cattle; dredged materials; forage-based pasture AB Background, Aims and Scope. Current dredged material disposal alternatives have several limitations. Options for dealing with dredged materials include leaving them alone, capping them with clean sediments, placing them in confined facilities, disposing of them at upland sites, treating them chemically, or using them for wetlands creation or other beneficial uses The ability to reuse lake-dredge materials (LDM) for agricultural purposes is important because it reduces the need for offshore disposal and provides an alternative to disposal of the materials in landfills. Often these materials can be obtained at little or no cost to the farmers or landowners. Thus, forage production offers an alternative to waste management since nutrients in the LDM are recycled into crops that are not directly consumed by humans. The objective of this study (Part 2) were to: (1) assess dredge materials from Lake Panasoffkee, Florida as a soil amendment to establish bahiagrass (BG) in a subtropical beef cattle pasture in Sumter County, Florida; and (2) determine the effect of LDM application on the crude protein (CP) and nutrient uptake of BG. This series of two papers aims at providing assessment of the efficacy of lake-dredged materials especially its implication to environment (soil quality, Part 1) and agriculture (forage quality and pasture establishment, Part 2). Methods. The experimental treatments that were evaluated consisted of different ratios of natural soil (NS) to LDM: LDM0 (100% NS:0% LDM); LDM25 (75% NS:25% LDM); LDM50 (50% NS:50% LDM); LDM75 (25% NS:75% LDM); and LDM100 (0% NS:100% LDM). Bahiagrass plots at its early establishment were cut to a 5-cm stubble height on Julian days 112 and harvested to the same stubble height on Julian days 238 and on Julian days 546 following the double-ring method. Field layout was based on the principle of a completely randomized block design with four replications. Plant samples harvested at 546 Julian days were ground to pass through a 1-mm mesh screen in a Wiley mill. Ground forage was analyzed for crude protein. Ground forage samples were also analyzed for tissue P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Fe, Al, and Mo concentrations using an ICP spectroscopy. The effects of dredged materials addition on forage yield and on crude protein and nutrient uptake that were taken at 546 Julian days were analyzed statistically following the PROC ANOVA procedures. Results and Discussion. Part 1 of this study demonstrated that the heavy and trace metal contents of LDM were below the probable effect levels and threshold effect levels. As such, the agricultural or livestock industry could utilize these LDM to produce forages. Results showed consistently and significantly (p less than or equal to 0.001) higher BG biomass production and CP from plots amended with LDM than those of BG planted on plots with 0% LDM. Forage yield of BG during its establishment increased linearly (Forage Yield = 1724.3 + 25.64*LDM; R-2 = 0.83; p less than or equal to 0.0001) with increasing rates of LDM application. The CP of BG also varied significantly with varying levels of LDM applications. The tissues of BG with 100% LDM had the greatest CP content while the lowest CP content was from the control plots (LDM0). The CP of BG increased linearly with increasing rates of LDM application. The crude protein response to BG application can be described by a linear equation: Crude Protein = 10.38 + 0.052*LDM; R-2 = 0.85 p less than or equal to 0.0001. Addition of LDM had increased the levels of Ca by about 1811% when compared with the level of soil Ca among plots with no LDM application. Liming the field could have some direct and indirect effects on the chemical status of the soils. The physiological functions performed by Ca in plants are not clearly defined, but it has been suggested that Ca favors the formation of and increases the protein content of mitochondria. Conclusions. Beneficial uses of dredged materials from LP, Florida are both economical and environmental. Often these materials can be obtained at little or no cost to the farmers or landowners. Results showed that dredged materials can be used as soil amendments (lime and fertilizer) for early establishment of BG in beef cattle pastures. Environmentally, dredging of sediments that are rich in CaCO3 should restore the 19.4-sq Ism LP by removing natural sediments from the lake bottom to improve the fishery, water quality, and navigation of the lake. The nutritional uptake of BG grown in unfertile sandy soils of Sumter County was enhanced significantly (p less than or equal to 0.001) by LDM addition. Uptake of TKN, TP, K, Ca, and Mg were remarkably increased as a result of LDM. Recommendation and Outlook. Land application of LDM from LP may not only provide substantial benefits that will enhance the environment, community, and society in south Florida, but also in other parts of the world especially those areas with forage-based beef cattle pastures and similar climatic conditions. The heavy and trace metal contents of these materials were below the PEL and TEL (see Part 1). As such, the agricultural or livestock industry could utilize these LDM to produce forages. LDM should be regarded as a beneficial resource, as a part of the ecological system. Although our results have demonstrated the favorable and beneficial effects of added LDM on the early establishment of BG in pasture fields., further studies are still needed not only in pastures of south Florida, but also in other areas with subtropical or tropical climatic conditions to determine whether the environmental and ecological implications of LDM application are satisfied over the longer term. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. SW Florida Water Management Dist, Tampa, FL 33637 USA. RP Sigua, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM gcsigua@mail.ifas.ufl.edu NR 18 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA RUDOLF-DIESEL-STR 3, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2004 VL 11 IS 6 BP 394 EP 399 DI 10.1007/BF02979659 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 873EG UT WOS:000225261700009 PM 15603529 ER PT J AU Ryan, JA Scheckel, KG Berti, WR Brown, SL Casteel, SW Chaney, RL Hallfrisch, J Doolan, M Grevatt, P Maddaloni, M Mosby, D AF Ryan, JA Scheckel, KG Berti, WR Brown, SL Casteel, SW Chaney, RL Hallfrisch, J Doolan, M Grevatt, P Maddaloni, M Mosby, D TI Reducing children's risk from lead in soil SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED SOIL; BLOOD LEAD; GASTROINTESTINAL ABSORPTION; HYDROXYAPATITE; BIOAVAILABILITY; IMMOBILIZATION; PHOSPHORUS; CHLOROPYROMORPHITE; CADMIUM; HUMANS C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. DuPont Co Inc, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Missouri, Vet Med Diagnost Lab, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Ryan, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 49 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 1 BP 18A EP 24A DI 10.1021/es040337r PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 759YE UT WOS:000187781800013 PM 14740710 ER PT S AU Rosentrater, KA AF Rosentrater, KA BE Gupta, SM TI Strategic methodology for advancing food manufacturing waste management paradigms SO ENVIRONMENTALLY CONSCIOUS MANUFACTURING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing CY OCT 26-27, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP SPIE, IEICE Commun Soc, IEICE Elect Soc DE byproducts; development; food; organics; recycling; residuals; residues; waste management AB As manufacturing industries become more cognizant of the ecological effects that their firms have on the surrounding environment, their waste streams are increasingly becoming viewed not as materials in need of disposal, but rather as resources that can be reused, recycled, or reprocessed into valuable products. Within the food processing sector there are many examples of value-added use of processing residues, although many of these focus solely on utilization as livestock feed ingredients. In addition to livestock feed, though, many other potential avenues exist for food processing waste streams, including food grade as well as industrial products. Unfortunately, the challenge to food processors is actually conducting the byproduct development work. In fact, no clear delineation exists that describes necessary components for an effective byproduct development program. This paper describes one such strategic methodology that could help fill this void. It consists of identifying, quantifyirig, characterizing, developing, analyzing, optimizing, and modeling the waste stream of interest. This approach to byproduct development represents an inclusive strategy that can be used to more effectively implement value-added utilization programs. Not only is this methodology applicable to food processing operations, but any industrial or manufacturing firm could benefit from instituting the formal components described here. Thus, this methodology, if implemented by a manufacturer, could hold the potential for increasing the probability of meeting the goals of industrial ecology, namely, that of developing and operating sustainable systems. C1 USDA ARS, NGIRL, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NGIRL, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5536-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5583 BP 274 EP 285 DI 10.1117/12.569989 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA BBN69 UT WOS:000226293200027 ER PT J AU Hurd, HS McKean, JD Griffith, RD Rostagno, MH AF Hurd, HS McKean, JD Griffith, RD Rostagno, MH TI Estimation of the Salmonella enterica prevalence in finishing swine SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID INFECTED-PIGS; MARKET SWINE; LAIRAGE; TYPHIMURIUM; WEIGHT; FECES; HERDS; TIME AB The Study objective was to evaluate three methods of Salmonella enterica prevalence estimation in swine herds (faecal Culture, Culture of abattoir-collected samples, and Serum ELISA). From each of six swine herds, we necropsied approximately 100 finishing pigs (>70 kg); one-half oil farm and the other half at the abattoir. after transport and approximately 2.5 h holding. We collected the same samples for S. enterica culture at both locations (1 g faecal, 10 g caecal contents, ileocaecal lymph nodes, superficial inguinal lymph nodes, 25 g of gluteal muscle for serum ELISA). Oil farm, the 1 g faecal sample only detected 13.3% (2/15) of all positive pigs necropsied oil farm. However, with abattoir and on-farm results combined, the faecal sample detected 57.4% (74/129) of positive pigs. Abattoir-collected samples provided prevalence estimates much higher than on-farm collected samples (39.9 vs. 5.3%; P < 0.001). This study shows that faecal samples have a low sensitivity for detecting infected pigs and that abattoir-collected samples overestimate the on-farm S. enterica prevalence. For most herds, serology overestimated the on-farm culture prevalence. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hurd, HS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 26 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 132 IS 1 BP 127 EP 135 DI 10.1017/S0950268803001249 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 804HQ UT WOS:000220290200017 PM 14979598 ER PT J AU Wu, JX Jenkins, JN McCarty, JC Zhu, J AF Wu, JX Jenkins, JN McCarty, JC Zhu, J TI Genetic association of yield with its component traits in a recombinant inbred line population of cotton SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE contribution effect; contribution ratio; lint yield; mixed linear model approach; multivariable conditional analysis; upland cotton ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L; UPLAND COTTON; PATH ANALYSES; VICIA-FABA; CHARACTERS; VARIANCES; MODEL; RICE AB Lint yield of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is determined by its component traits, boll number, boll weight, and lint percentage. Selecting high yielding lines is based on the ability to manipulate component traits. In this study, 188 recombinant inbred lines and two parental lines were grown in 1999 and 2000 at Mississippi State University. Lint yield and its three component traits were measured and analyzed by an extended conditional mixed linear model approach. Boll number unit-area(-1) made the largest contribution to genotypic and genotype x environment (G x E) variations for lint yield. Both boll number and lint percentage, and boll number and boll weight jointly accounted for more than 70% of the genotypic and G x E variations in lint yield. Ninety-nine percent of the genetic and phenotypic variation in lint yield could be explained by the three component traits, indicating that lint yield was mainly dependent on its three component traits. Small phenotypic variation in lint yield could be accounted for by effects of genotype, G x E interactions of boll number or boll number combined with other component trait(s) (Table 5). For boll number unit-area(-1) a wider distribution of genotypic contribution effects was detected than for lint percentage and boll weight in this study. Boll number and boll weight interacted to affect lint yield, indicating that balanced selection for boll weight and boll number is needed in high-yielding line development. Comparative results with other approaches were also discussed in this study. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Zhejiang Univ, Coll Agr & Biotechnol, Hangzhou 310029, Peoples R China. RP Jenkins, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jjenkins@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov RI Wu, Jixiang/C-4084-2009; Zhu, Jun/B-9945-2009 NR 30 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2004 VL 140 IS 3 BP 171 EP 179 DI 10.1007/s10681-004-2897-5 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 901KK UT WOS:000227281200005 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Zhou, MP Ren, LJ Bai, GH Ma, HX Scholten, OE Guo, PG Lu, WZ AF Zhang, X Zhou, MP Ren, LJ Bai, GH Ma, HX Scholten, OE Guo, PG Lu, WZ TI Molecular characterization of Fusarium head blight resistance from wheat variety Wangshuibai SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE amplified fragment length polymorphisms; AFLP; Fusarium head blight; simple sequence repeat; Triticum aestivum L ID SPRING WHEAT; SCAB RESISTANCE; MARKERS; QTLS; MICROSATELLITE; SPREAD; BARLEY; GENES; AFLP AB Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease of wheat worldwide. FHB resistance genes from Sumai 3 and its derivatives such as Ning 7840 have been well characterized through molecular mapping. In this study, resistance genes in Wangshuibai, a Chinese landrace with high and stable FHB resistance, were analyzed through molecular mapping. A population of 104 F-2 -derived F-7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from the cross between resistant landrace Wangshuibai and susceptible variety Alondra's'. A total of 32 informative amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primer pairs (EcoRI/MseI) amplified 410 AFLP markers segregating among the RILs. Among them, 250 markers were mapped in 23 linkage groups covering a genetic distance of 2,430 cM. In addition, 90 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were integrated into the AFLP map. Fifteen markers associated with three quantitative trait loci (QTL) for FHB resistance (P < 0.01) were located on two chromosomes. One QTL was mapped on 113 and two others were mapped on 3B. One QTL on 3BS showed a major effect and explained up to 23.8% of the phenotypic variation for type II FHB resistance. C1 Jiangsu Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agrobiol Genet & Physiol, Nanjing 210014, Peoples R China. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS PSERU, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Plant Res Int, BU Genet & Breeding, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Lu, WZ (reprint author), Jiangsu Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agrobiol Genet & Physiol, Nanjing 210014, Peoples R China. EM zhangxu7309@hotmail.com NR 28 TC 41 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 17 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2004 VL 139 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.1007/s10681-004-2298-9 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 886DR UT WOS:000226207600007 ER PT J AU Van, K Hwang, EY Kim, MY Kim, YH Cho, YI Cregan, PB Lee, SH AF Van, K Hwang, EY Kim, MY Kim, YH Cho, YI Cregan, PB Lee, SH TI Discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms in soybean using primers designed from ESTs SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE ESTs; indels; nucleotide diversity; single nucleotide polymorphisms; soybean ID DNA-SEQUENCE; HUMAN GENOME; HUMAN GENES; ARABIDOPSIS; INFORMATION; EXTENSION; PATTERNS; SNPS; MAP AB Discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including small insertions and deletions (indels), is one of the hot topics in genetic research. SNPs were surveyed using nine soybean genotypes from Korea. Sequence variations in a total of 110 genes from GenBank among the nine genotypes were studied using genomic DNA as a template. Direct fluorescent dideoxynucleotide sequencing data of PCR products from primers designed from soybean ESTs were analyzed by SeqScape software to ensure high accuracy. Approximately 70% of the primer sets produced a single PCR product from which reliable sequence data were obtained, and 23.6% of these had at least one SNP. Overall, a total of I 10 ESTs for SNPs were screened in 33,262 bp, consisting of 16,302 bp from coding regions and 16,960 bp from adjacent non-coding regions (5' UTR, 3' UTR and introns). SNPs in coding and non-coding regions occurred at a frequency of 1 per 3,260 bp, corresponding to a nucleotide diversity (theta) of 0.00011, and 1 per 278 bp (theta = 0.00128), respectively. This suggested that the higher level of sequence variation in non-coding regions would make them good regions in which to search for SNPs. The SNPs in partial cDNA sequences could be valuable for gene-targeted map construction in soybean. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Plant Sci, Seoul 151921, South Korea. USDA ARS, Soybean Genomics & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Inst Agr Biotechnol, Suwon 441707, South Korea. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Plant Sci, San 56-1,Shillim Dong, Seoul 151921, South Korea. EM sukhalee@snu.ac.kr NR 39 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2004 VL 139 IS 2 BP 147 EP 157 DI 10.1007/s10681-004-2561-0 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 886DS UT WOS:000226207700007 ER PT J AU Karaca, M Saha, S Callahan, FE Jenkins, JN Read, JJ Percy, RG AF Karaca, M Saha, S Callahan, FE Jenkins, JN Read, JJ Percy, RG TI Molecular and cytological characterization of a cytoplasmic-specific mutant in pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE cDNA; chloroplast; cotton; cyt-V; EST; virescent mutant ID CHLOROPLAST GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; VIRESCENT MUTANTS; LIGHT-INTENSITY; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; UPLAND COTTON; INHERITANCE; PROTEINS; HIRSUTUM; ARABIDOPSIS AB A cytoplasmic mutant of Gossypium barbadense L., cyt-V was characterized at the morphological, cellular, genetic and molecular levels using comparison analysis with u(7)v(7), a nuclear virescent mutant to identify molecular effects of the cyt-V mutation. The yellow phenotype was specific only to leaves in the cyt-V mutant (CM-1-90) but the same phenotype was present in both leaves and cotyledons of v(7)v(7), a nuclear virescent mutant, suggesting that cyt-V and u(7)v(7), had different organ-specific gene actions. Chlorophyll and carotenoid levels of CM-1-90, CM-1-90 x PS-7 and CM-1-90 x v(7)v(7) true leaves were significantly lower than in the true leaves of PS-7 x CM-1-90, v(7)v(7) x CM-1-90 and PS-7. Anatomical studies of chloroplast showed that CM-1-90, CM-1-90 x PS-7 and CM-1-90 x v(7)v(7) lacked grana in the thylakoids of the mesophyll cells. This indicated that chlorophyll and carotenoid levels correlated with chloroplast structure. SDS-PAGE analysis of thylakoid preparations revealed decreases of several granalocalized PSII proteins in CM-1-90, CM-1-90 x PS-7 and CM-1-90 x v(7)v(7). cDNA-AFLP differential display studies identified several differentially expressed transcripts in the leaves of reciprocal crosses (PS-7 x CM-1-90, v(7)v(7) x CM-1-90 and CM-1-90 x PS-7 and CM-1-90 x v(7)v(7)), including one possessing a high sequence homology to apsbA gene. Western blot analysis further confirmed the absence of D 1 protein encoded by psbA in CM-1-90 x PS-T CM-1-90 x v(7)v(7) and CM-1-90 true leaves. Overall, we studied cyt-V and v(7)v(7) that both are developmental mutants, as all the virescents of cotton mutants, and as such it was difficult to separate cause and effect in the observation; however, we verified that the source of cyt-V mutation was in chloroplast and elucidated that its gene action was different from v(7)v(7). Results indicated that cyt-V is inherited as a single gene but it affects several chloroplast and nucleus-encoded genes. We identified several transcripts that associated with the cyt-V mutation. This study also suggested that chloroplast-encoded gene products might affect the expression of nuclear genes, possibly at the transcriptional stage. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Genet & Precis Agr Rea Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Maricopa, AZ USA. Akdeniz Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Field Crops, TR-07059 Antalya, Turkey. RP Saha, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Genet & Precis Agr Rea Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM ssaha@tttsa-msstate.ars.usda.gov RI Karaca, Mehmet/C-2683-2009 OI Karaca, Mehmet/0000-0003-3219-9109 NR 48 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2004 VL 139 IS 3 BP 187 EP 197 DI 10.1007/s10681-004-3032-3 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 886DT UT WOS:000226207800002 ER PT J AU Dierig, DA Tomasi, PM Salywon, AM Ray, DT AF Dierig, DA Tomasi, PM Salywon, AM Ray, DT TI Improvement in hydroxy fatty acid seed oil content and other traits from interspecific hybrids of three Lesquerella species: Lesquerella fendleri, L-pallida, and L-lindheimeri SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE amphidiploidy; incompatibility; interspecific hybrids; lesquerolic acid; ovule culture; seed oil profile ID BRASSICA-NAPUS; SOMATIC HYBRIDS; HYBRIDIZATION; GERMPLASM; ESTOLIDES; RAPESEED AB Interspecific hybridization offers potential to improve the hydroxy fatty acid (HFA) content of lesquerella. Lesquerella fendleri is currently being developed for cultivation as a potential new industrial oilseed crop because of its seed productivity. However, it has lower HFA content compared to L. pallida and L. lindheimeri. The objectives of this research were to improve the HFA oil content of L. fenderi through interspecific hybridization and to characterize hybrids and successive generations for seed oil fatty acid profile, fertility, seed set and other morphological traits. In this work, three species were successfully hybridized, self-pollinated, and backcrossed. Ovule culture was used in some cases to produce progeny where interspecific hybrids did not produce viable embryos. The traits measured were petal length, ovules per silique, seeds per silique, and weight of 1000 seed. Patterns of leaf trichomes were used to distinguish between parents and hybrids. Seed per silique indicated that autofertility occurred in L. pallida but not in the other two species. HFA oil content of L. fendleri seed were 50.5% compared to 80 and 84% for L. pallida and L. lindheimeri, respectively. The HFA oil content of the hybrids ranged from 57 to 70% in A(2) and A(3) generations, and the range of values depended on the parents used in the crosses. These measurements will help predict the value of different interspecific crosses for breeding. Segregation for various yield related traits should allow selection for favorable improvements in the HFA trait and in seed yield. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Dierig, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM ddierig@uswcl.ars.ag.gov NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2004 VL 139 IS 3 BP 199 EP 206 DI 10.1007/s10681-004-3033-2 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 886DT UT WOS:000226207800003 ER PT J AU Riday, H Brummer, EC AF Riday, H Brummer, EC TI Morphological variation of Medicago sativa subsp falcata genotypes and their hybrid progeny SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; falcata; germplasm; growth rate; hybrid; pre-breeding ID HETEROSIS; ALFALFA; QUALITY AB Semi-hybrid alfalfa cultivars offer the possibility of capturing non-additive genetic variation. Medicago sativa subsp. falcata and subsp. sativa have been shown to form a heterotic pattern for biomass yield. Objectives of this study were to examine morphological variation in a broad range of falcata germplasm and to determine how falcata morphological variation per se is related to the performance of falcata germplasm in hybrid crosses with subsp. sativa. Falcata genotypes from 40 populations spanning the subspecies native range were selected and biomass yield, plant width, plant height, growth angle, biomass density, plant maturity, and regrowth after cutting were measured on the genotypes and their hybrid progeny three times throughout the growing season. In addition weekly plant heights were measured and growth rates were determined with a Gompertz function. Falcata parental genotypes exhibited a full range of phenotypes for plant width, plant height, growth angle, density, and maturity. Heterosis was not only observed for biomass yield but also for plant width, plant height, and more erect growth habit. The top yielding sativa-falcata hybrids had increased plant width, plant height, and plant density. European germplasm was taller and had faster regrowth than Asian material. Sativa-falcata hybrids produced biomass yield superior to the mid-subspecies mean only after two to three weeks of growth prior to first and third harvests. Prior to second harvest, biomass production was inferior to the mid-subspecies mean for 30 days. Hybrids using falcata as one parent are not currently adapted to intensive harvest management due to their slower regrowth. C1 ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Raymond F Baker Ctr Plant Breeding, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Riday, H (reprint author), ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM riday@wisc.edu RI Riday, Heathcliffe/C-6091-2009 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2004 VL 138 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1023/B:EUPH.0000047049.43566.1a PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 868KB UT WOS:000224911400001 ER PT J AU Jia, YL Redus, M Wang, ZH Rutger, JN AF Jia, YL Redus, M Wang, ZH Rutger, JN TI Development of a SNLP marker from the Pi-ta blast resistance gene by tri-primer PCR SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE blast resistance; Oryza sativa; Pi-ta; SNLP marker; tri-primer PCR ID MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; PYRICULARIA-GRISEA; UNITED-STATES; RICE; AVIRULENCE; LOCUS AB The Pi-ta gene from indica introgressed into japonica rice has been used to control the blast disease caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Herbert) Barr. (anamorph Pyricularia oryzae Cav.) worldwide. A single nucleotide length polymorphism (SNLP) was identified at the intron region of the Pi-ta gene to develop a codominant Pi-ta gene marker suitable for genotyping with an automated machine. The DNA primer specific to the resistant Pi-ta allele was labeled with blue dye (FAM, 6-carboxyfluorescein) as a forward primer, the DNA primer specific to the susceptible pi-ta allele was labeled with green dye ( HEX, 4,7,2',4',5',7'-hexachloro-6-carboxyfluorescein) as another forward primer and the DNA primer identical to both Pi-ta/pi-ta alleles was unlabeled as the reverse primer for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using these three primers, a 181-bp blue peak in homozygous resistant and a green peak of 182-183 bp in homozygous susceptible, and both peaks in heterozygous plants were produced by PCR. The utility of marker was verified using a segregating F(2) population, inbred cultivated lines, dominant markers and pathogenicity testing. A codominant Pi-ta marker was thus developed for effective Pi-ta assisted selection for crop improvement. Using highly homologous competitive primers for allele detection by PCR can benefit the study of genome organization of the complex locus. C1 ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Univ Arkansas, Rice Res Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Zhejiang Wanli Univ, Inst Biotechnol, Ningbo 315100, Peoples R China. RP Jia, YL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, POB 1090-2890 HWY 130E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM yjia@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2004 VL 138 IS 1 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.1023/B:EUPH.0000047079.42768.4d PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 868KB UT WOS:000224911400012 ER PT J AU Boiteux, LS Hyman, JR Bach, IC Fonseca, MEN Matthews, WC Roberts, PA Simon, PW AF Boiteux, LS Hyman, JR Bach, IC Fonseca, MEN Matthews, WC Roberts, PA Simon, PW TI Employment of flanking codominant STS markers to estimate allelic substitution effects of a nematode resistance locus in carrot SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Daucus carota; markers; Meloidogyne javanica; resistance; root-knot nematode ID MELOIDOGYNE-JAVANICA AB In carrot, two codominant sequence-tagged site (STS) markers, flanking in tight linkage the Meloidogyne javanica resistance (Mj-1) locus, were employed to investigate the association between expression of resistance and locus dosage. Phenotypic expression of homozygous resistant (R); heterozygous; and homozygous susceptible (S) individuals in an F-2 population of 396 F-2 plants from 'Brasilia-1252' (R) x 'B6274' (S) was estimated for three resistance criteria: total egg production per plant (TEP), egg production per gram of fibrous root (EPG) and root gall index (RGI). The homozygous resistant class had average values of 403.9 for TEP; 147.5 for EPG and 0.8 for RGI. The heterozygous class had 1,673; 477.3; and 0.16 whereas the homozygous susceptible class had 68,604; 11,877; and 2.54, respectively. The dominance ratio (d/a) indicated that genomic region(s) derived from the resistant parent encompass genetic factor(s) with almost complete dominance for RGI (d/a = 0.93-0.94) and incomplete dominance for transformed (TEP)(0.25) and (EPG)(0.25) (d/a = 0.63-0.65). Broad sense heritabilities were high varying from 72.9% for (EPG)(0.25) to 86.0% for RGI. Narrow sense heritability values ranged from 55.9% for RGI to 64.3% for (TEP)(0.25). Highly significant orthogonal contrasts were observed between homozygous resistant vs. heterozygous for ( TEP) 0.25 and ( EPG) 0.25. Marker-assisted selection could greatly facilitate the incorporation of the Mj-1 allele in both male-fertile and male-sterile counterpart lines in order to obtain F-1 hybrids with the most effective levels of resistance. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Plant Breeding & Plant Genet Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EMBRAPA Hortalicas, CNPH, BR-70359970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Agr Sci Plant Breeding & Crop Sci, DK-1871 Copenhagen C, Denmark. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Nematol, Riverside, CA 95521 USA. RP Simon, PW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Plant Sci 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM psimon@facstaff.wisc.edu RI Fonseca, Maria Esther/G-3524-2012; Boiteux, Leonardo/F-9675-2012 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2004 VL 136 IS 1 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1023/B:EUPH.0000019508.78153.dd PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 803FF UT WOS:000220216300004 ER PT J AU Vandemark, GJ Barker, BM Hughes, TJ AF Vandemark, GJ Barker, BM Hughes, TJ TI Heritability of resistance to Aphanomyces euteiches races 1 and 2 in alfalfa SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; Aphanomyces euteiches; heritability of resistance; root rot ID ROOT-ROT; DIFFERING LEVELS; CULTIVARS; VIRULENCE; WISCONSIN AB Aphanomyces euteiches is a soilborne plant pathogen that causes root rot in several leguminous crops including pea, bean and alfalfa. In alfalfa, at least two distinct races of the pathogen have been identified. Although many alfalfa cultivars are resistant to the race 1 isolate of A. euteiches, resistance to race 2 isolates of the pathogen is lacking in the great majority of cultivars. Our objectives were to calculate heritability estimates of resistance to A. euteiches races 1 and 2 in alfalfa. These estimates will be useful in predicting gain from selection for disease resistance. Three different alfalfa populations developed from the cultivars 3452 ML, Affinity + Z and Depend + EV were examined in this study. Each population consisted of 32 randomly selected half-sib families. Heritability on a half-sib progeny means basis was calculated based on data from pathogenicity tests conducted under greenhouse conditions. Confidence intervals were calculated for each heritability estimate. Heritability estimates based on experiments conducted over two years were high for all populations, ranging from 0.84-0.90 for resistance to A. euteiches race 1 and from 0.62-0.66 for resistance to A. euteiches race 2. These results suggest that improving levels of resistance to both races of the pathogen should be possible through selection. C1 ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Vandemark, GJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. OI Barker, Bridget/0000-0002-3439-4517 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2004 VL 136 IS 1 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.1023/B:EUPH.0000019518.62425.ba PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 803FF UT WOS:000220216300005 ER PT J AU Staub, JE Lopez-Sese, AI Fanourakis, N AF Staub, JE Lopez-Sese, AI Fanourakis, N TI Diversity among melon landraces (Cucumis melo L.) from Greece and their genetic relationships with other melon germplasm of diverse origins SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE domestication; genetic distance; morphological traits; multivariate analysis; RAPD ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; MOLECULAR VARIATION; RAPD MARKERS AB Diversity among 17 melon landraces and inbred lines of Group Cantalupensis, Inodorus, and Flexuosus germplasm from Greece was assessed using 24 RAPD primers, 11 morphological traits of fruit, two yield-related characteristics. and resistance to powdery mildew. Accessions were genetically diverse and the greatest variation was detected in Group Flexuosus. Comparative analysis of Greek germplasm and an array of previously characterized reference accessions [RA; 68 from Africa (15), United States (U.S.; 5), Central Europe (14), Japan (19), and Spain (15)], spanning major market classes employing 19 RAPD primers (standard marker array), indicates that all but one of the accessions from Greece showed genetic affinities among themselves and with 23 RA of various origin (i.e., Japan, U.S., Central Europe, Spain and Israel) and market class. Accessions from Greece were. however, distinct from the African landraces and most Spanish melons. Greek accessions also showed little genetic affinity with the Casabas (Blanco and Crenshaw), Ogen, and U.S. Eastern Market accessions. Group Flexuosus and Inodorus accessions from Greece possessed genetic affinities with Western Asian (Group Conomon) and Mediterranean (Group Inodorus) market classes, respectively. The uniqueness of Greek melon landraces portends their potential usefulness for the enhancement of U.S., European, and Asian melon market classes. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Tech Educ Inst, Iraklion 71500, Greece. RP Staub, JE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jestaub@facstoff.wisc.edu RI Lopez-Sese, Anabel/C-5085-2008 OI Lopez-Sese, Anabel/0000-0001-5686-0884 NR 32 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2004 VL 136 IS 2 BP 151 EP 166 DI 10.1023/B:EUPH.0000030667.63614.bd PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 836LX UT WOS:000222558300005 ER PT J AU Aggarwall, VD Pastor-Corrales, MA Chirwa, RM Buruchara, RA AF Aggarwall, VD Pastor-Corrales, MA Chirwa, RM Buruchara, RA TI Andean beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with resistance to the angular leaf spot pathogen (Phaeoisariopsis griseola) in southern and eastern Africa SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE angular leaf spot; CAL 143; common bean; disease resistance; Phaeoisariopsis griseola; Phaseolus vulgaris AB Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) are separated into two distinct groups: Andean and Middle American. We identified CAL 143 as the first Andean bean with resistance to angular leaf spot disease caused by Phaeoisariopsis griseola. Angular leaf spot is the most widespread and economically important bean disease in southern and eastern Africa. and it is especially severe on the extensively grown Andean beans. Cal 143 was resistant in Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zambia, but it was susceptible in Uganda. This was attributed to the presence of races of P. griseola in Uganda not present in the other countries. We identified two additional Andean bean lines, AND 277 and AND 279, with resistance to angular leaf spot in Malawi. We also characterized the virulence diversity of 15 isolates of P. griseola from southern and eastern Africa into nine different races. Five of six isolates from Malawi and two of seven from Uganda, obtained from large-seeded Andean beans, were characterized into four different races considered Andean. These were compatible only or mostly with large-seeded Andean cultivars. The other eight isolates from Uganda, Malawi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, obtained from a small- or medium-seeded Middle American beans, were characterized into five different Middle American races. These were compatible with Middle American and Andean cultivars. CAL 143 was resistant or intermediate under greenhouse conditions to all but one of the same 15 isolates from southern and eastern Africa, but it was susceptible to an isolate from Uganda obtained from a medium-seeded Middle American bean. C1 Kawanda Agr Res Inst, CIAT, Kampala, Uganda. USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pastor-Corrales, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Bldg 010A,Rm 240,10300 Baltimore Av, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pastorm@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2004 VL 136 IS 2 BP 201 EP 210 DI 10.1023/B:EUPH.0000030678.12073.a9 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 836LX UT WOS:000222558300009 ER PT J AU Yocum, GD AF Yocum, GD TI Environmental regulation of the purine synthesis enzyme purH transcript during adult diapause in Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diapause; Colorado potato beetle; gene expression; purine ID FORMYLTRANSFERASE IMP CYCLOHYDROLASE; PUPAL DIAPAUSE; BOMBYX-MORI; EXPRESSION; CLONING; NUCLEOTIDES; GROWTH; GENES; EGGS AB A 1962 bp cDNA clone of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase (purH) was isolated from diapausing adults of Leptinotarso decemlineata using RT-PCR and 3' and 5'-RACE. The probe generated from this clone hybridized to a transcript approximately 1960 bp in length on northern blots. The clone encodes for a deduced protein 594 amino acids in length with 73% identity, 83% similarity to purH from Drosophila melanogaster. Northern blot (total RNA) analysis determined that L. decemlineata purH (LdpurH) was downregulated in diapausing beetles stored at 10degreesC. Developmental studies revealed that LdpurH is expressed at nearly constant high levels in both nondiapausing and prediapause adults. LdpurH expression during the first 20 days of diapause is equivalent to that seen in nondiapausing beetles, after which expression decreases. Exposing 70 day old diapausing beetles to 20degreesC for 24 h induced an increase in expression of purH indicating that purH is regulated by temperature in diapausing/overwintering beetles. C1 USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Yocum, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM yocumg@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU CZECH ACAD SCI, INST ENTOMOLOGY PI CESKE BUDEJOVICE PA BRANISOVSKA 31, CESKE BUDEJOVICE 370 05, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 1210-5759 J9 EUR J ENTOMOL JI Eur. J. Entomol. PY 2004 VL 101 IS 2 BP 199 EP 203 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 831YX UT WOS:000222233900001 ER PT S AU Lester, GE Crosby, KM AF Lester, GE Crosby, KM BE Relf, D TI Human wellness compounds in honeydew fruit: Influence of cultivar and environment SO EXPANDING ROLES FOR HORTICULTURE IN IMPROVING HUMAN WELL-BEING AND LIFE QUALITY SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE Cucumis melo (Inodorus Group); 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolic acid; minerals; phytochemicals; phytonutrients ID HEALTH AB The influence of cultivar, fruit size, soil type and year on total ascorbic acid (TAA), free ascorbic acid (AA), dehydroascorbic acid (DAA), folic acid (FA) and potassium (K) in Cucumis melo L. (Inodorous Group) was determined. Fully mature (abscised) commercial size fruit: 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9 (fruit/0.031 m(3) shipping box) from 3 commercial cultivars: Mega Brew, Morning lee and TAM Dew Improved (TDI); and one experimental hybrid TDI x Green Ice were grown on both clay loam and sandy loam soils. Total ascorbic acid and FA content increased with an increase in fruit size up to a maximum (size 6 or 5), then decreased with further fruit size increase. Total ascorbic acid and FA content for most fruit sizes were higher when grown on clay loam versus sandy loam soils. The experimental hybrid compared to the commercial cultivars contained generally higher TAA levels and significantly higher FA levels regardless of fruit size or soil type. Free ascorbic acid and DAA contents were generally higher from fruit grown on clay loam versus sandy loam soils and in the experimental line versus the commercial cultivars. However, AA content was high in small fruit and remained unchanged with an increase in fruit size until size 6 or 5 then decreased; while DAA content linearly increased with an increase in fruit size. Potassium content averaged 1.7 mg per g fresh weight for each line and was not affected by fruit size, soil type or year. C1 USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-727-0 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2004 IS 639 BP 287 EP 291 PG 5 WC Horticulture; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Agriculture; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BBA09 UT WOS:000224368900038 ER PT J AU Rodrigues, JCV Gallo-Meagher, M Ochoa, R Childers, CC Adams, BJ AF Rodrigues, JCV Gallo-Meagher, M Ochoa, R Childers, CC Adams, BJ TI Mitochondrial DNA and RAPD polymorphisms in the haploid mite Brevipalpus phoenicis (Acari : Tenuipalpidae) SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brevipalpus; 'Citrus leprosis virus -CiLV'; Cenopalpus; eutetranychus; phylogenetic relationship ID MOLECULAR MARKERS; CITRUS LEPROSIS; B-OBOVATUS; SUBSTITUTIONS; CALIFORNICUS; POPULATIONS; SEQUENCES; DISEASES; DIPTERA; VIRUS AB Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) is recognized as the vector of citrus leprosis virus that is a significant problem in several South American countries. Citrus leprosis has been reported from Florida in the past but no longer occurs on citrus in North America. The disease was recently reported in Central America, suggesting that B. phoenicis constitutes a potential threat to the citrus industries of North America and the Caribbean. Besides B. phoenicis, B. obovatus Donnadieu, and B. californicus (Banks) have been incriminated as vectors of citrus leprosis virus and each species has hundreds of host plants. In this study, Brevipalpus mite specimens were collected from different plants, especially citrus, in the States of Florida (USA) and S (a) over tildeo Paulo (Brazil), and reared oil citrus fruit under standard laboratory conditions. Mites were taken from these colonies for DNA extraction and for morphological species identification. One hundred and two Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were scored along with amplification and sequencing of a mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene fragment (374 bp). Variability among the colonies was detected with consistent congruence between both molecular data sets. The mites from the Florida and Brazilian colonies were morphologically identified as belonging to B. phoenicis, and comprise a monophyletic group. These colonies could be further diagnosed and subdivided geographically by mitochondrial DNA analysis. C1 Univ Florida, IFAS, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, Plant MOl & Cellular Biol Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, SEL, PSI, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Microbiol & Mol Biol Dept, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Rodrigues, JCV (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, 700 Expt Stn Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. EM jcvrodri@cena.usp.br RI Rodrigues, Jose Carlos/B-5150-2008; Adams, Byron/C-3808-2009; OI Adams, Byron/0000-0002-7815-3352; Verle Rodrigues, Jose Carlos/0000-0002-2537-3167 NR 47 TC 12 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PY 2004 VL 34 IS 3-4 BP 275 EP 290 DI 10.1007/s10493-004-0571-1 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 925FZ UT WOS:000229039800004 PM 15651525 ER PT J AU Shang, F Taylor, A AF Shang, F Taylor, A TI Function of the ubiquitin proteolytic pathway in the eye SO EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE development; proliferation; differentiation; aging; signal transduction; gene expression; oxidative stress; protein modification; amyloid; cataract; age-related macular degeneration; drusen ID LENS EPITHELIAL-CELLS; END RULE PATHWAY; FAT-FACETS GENE; NEUTRAL PROTEINASE ACTIVITY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; BOVINE LENS; DEPENDENT PROTEOLYSIS; PROTEASOME PATHWAY; DROSOPHILA EYE; DEUBIQUITINATING ENZYME AB The ubiquitin pathway (UP) is involved in regulation of many essential cellular processes usually by the degradation of regulators of these processes. For example the UP is involved in regulation of cell cycle, proliferation, differentiation, organogenesis, development, and signal transduction in the lens and retina. A functional UP has also been documented in the cornea. Upon aging or exposure to stress there is an accumulation of damaged proteins, including ubiquitinated proteins, in the lens and retina. Some of these proteins may be cytotoxic. Thus, an active UP may be required to avoid such age and disease-related accumulation of damaged proteins. In this review we will explain the biochemistry of the UP and we will document the most important studies regarding UP function in the lens, retina and cornea. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), USDA, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU PHS HHS [011717, 13250, P3013078] NR 141 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0014-4835 J9 EXP EYE RES JI Exp. Eye Res. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 78 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.exer.2003.10.003 PG 14 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 756HZ UT WOS:000187460800001 PM 14667823 ER PT J AU Valverde, P Obin, MS Taylor, A AF Valverde, P Obin, MS Taylor, A TI Role of Gas6/Ax1 signaling in lens epithelial cell proliferation and survival SO EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Gas6; Ax1; human lens epithelial cells; proliferation; survival; apoptosis ID RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; STRESS RESPONSES; PROTEIN-KINASES; GROWTH-FACTOR; IN-VITRO; AXL; EXPRESSION; PATHWAY; LIGAND AB Ax1 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is activated by Gas6, a growth factor that belongs to the vitamin K-dependent protein family. Although Gas6 binding to Ax1 has been shown to transmit mitogenic and/or antiapoptotic signals to a variety of cell types, the role of the Ax1-Gas6 system in normal and pathological lens biology is not known. We demonstrate for the first time that Ax1 protein is expressed in normal rat and bovine lens and that its ligand, Gas6, is present in bovine aqueous humor. In addition, we have detected tyrosine-phosphorylated Ax1 in normal rat and bovine lens epithelial tissues. We further show that human recombinant Gas6 is able to act as a growth factor in cultured human lens epithelial cells by activating Ax1 and then the AKT signaling pathway. Gas6 mediates a survival and anti-apoptotic response in cultured human lens epithelial cells subjected to serum-starvation (48-72 hr), or treated with transforming growth factor beta1 (5 ng ml(-1), 48 hr) or tumor necrosis alpha (100 ng ml(-1), 48 hr), as demonstrated by increased number of viable cells, and decreased DNA condensation or caspase-3 activity. In contrast, Gas6 is not able to block apoptosis induced by staurosporin (1 muM, 5-24 hr) in human lens epithelial cells. Taken together, these data suggest that the Gas6/Ax1 signaling plays an important role in the control of lens epithelial cell growth and survival and hence in the maintenance of lens homeostasis. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, JM Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Valverde, P (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, JM Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St,Room 626, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Valverde, Paloma/A-9897-2008 FU NEI NIH HHS [P30 EY13078, EY11705, EY13250] NR 39 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0014-4835 J9 EXP EYE RES JI Exp. Eye Res. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 78 IS 1 BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.exer.2003.10.002 PG 11 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 756HZ UT WOS:000187460800003 PM 14667825 ER PT S AU Chen, GY AF Chen, GY BE Marcus, MA Culshaw, B Dakin, JP TI Profile optimization of tapered waveguide sensors by fluorescence imaging SO FIBER OPTIC SENSOR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Optic Sensor Technology and Applications III CY OCT 26-28, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA DE taper; waveguide; evanescent field; sensor; profile; optimization; fluorescence; imaging; time-resolved luminescence ID OPTICAL-FIBERS; BIOSENSOR AB Evanescent field sensors provide unique analytical features. For fiber-optic fluorescence sensors the sensing zone geometry plays an important role in coupling excitation energy to the evanescent field and reciprocally collecting the fluorescence signal. In the past a tapered geometry was introduced to overcome V-number mismatch by mode conversion in the taper zone. It was later developed into a combination-taper profile to improve signal reproducibility. The spectroscopic throughput of fiber-optic evanescent-field sensors, however, is limited by the intrinsically small penetration depth and the small fiber format. In this study it was improved by dimension scale-up and cladding elimination using tapered waveguides fabricated from 6-mm quartz rods. Optimization of their profile was aided by fluorescence imaging, a technique that visually revealed the locations and intensity of the light coupled to evanescent field, as well as the light leaking to the bulk of the solution due to violation of conditions for total internal reflection. Based on this technique, a taper-cylinder profile was selected that provided the best performance among tested 2 geometries in time-resolved luminescence. A 0.64 ppb limit of detection and a 0-500 ppb linear dynamic range (r(2) = 0.9996) were achieved using tetracycline as a model analyte. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Chen, GY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RI Chen, Guoying/C-6800-2015 OI Chen, Guoying/0000-0001-9532-0696 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5542-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5589 BP 70 EP 77 DI 10.1117/12.570531 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBN60 UT WOS:000226283800009 ER PT J AU Pierson, MD AF Pierson, MD TI Implementing food safety policies at the US department of agriculture: Overcoming challenges and showing results SO FOOD AND DRUG LAW JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Pierson, MD (reprint author), USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD DRUG LAW INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1000 VERMONT AVE NW, SUITE 1200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4903 USA SN 1064-590X J9 FOOD DRUG LAW J JI Food Drug Law J. PY 2004 VL 59 IS 2 BP 223 EP 228 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology; Law; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Food Science & Technology; Government & Law; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 843CF UT WOS:000223052400004 PM 15329951 ER PT J AU Li, HZ Pordesimo, L Weiss, J AF Li, HZ Pordesimo, L Weiss, J TI High intensity ultrasound-assisted extraction of oil from soybeans SO FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE high-intensity ultrasound; extraction; oil; soy; solvent ID BIOACTIVE PRINCIPLES; LIQUID-EXTRACTION; CAVITATION; CHEMISTRY; SOLVENT AB The application of 20 kHz high-intensity ultrasound during extraction of oil from two varieties of soybeans (TN 96-58 and N 98-4573) using hexane, isopropanol and a 3:2 hexane-isopropanol mixture was evaluated. In a simplified extraction procedure, ground soybeans were added to solvents and ultrasonicated between 0 and 3 It at ultrasonic intensity levels ranging from 16.4 to 47.6 W/cm(2). Oil was recovered after distillation and yield and composition determined. Using hexane as a solvent, yield generally increased as both application time and intensity of ultrasound increased. Solvent type influenced the efficiency of the extraction, i.e., the highest yield was obtained using ultrasound in combination with the mixed solvent. Gas chromatography analysis of ultrasonicated soybean oil did not show significant changes in fatty acid composition. Results were attributed to mechanical effects due to ultrasonically induced cavitation increasing permeability of plant tissues. A comparison of scanning electron microscopy images of raw and ultrasonicated soybeans indicated development of microfractures and disruption of cell walls in ground soybean flakes. Our study suggests that high-intensity ultrasound may reduce time required to extract edible oils from plant sources and hence improve throughput in commercial oil production processes. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Food Sci, Food Biophys & Nanotechnol Lab, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Ctr, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Weiss, J (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Food Sci, Food Biophys & Nanotechnol Lab, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM jweiss1@utk.edu NR 33 TC 166 Z9 207 U1 5 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9969 J9 FOOD RES INT JI Food Res. Int. PY 2004 VL 37 IS 7 BP 731 EP 738 DI 10.1016/j.foodres.2004.02.016 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 837QL UT WOS:000222650300011 ER PT J AU Wang, H Feng, H Luo, YG AF Wang, H Feng, H Luo, YG TI Microbial reduction and storage quality of fresh-cut cilantro washed with acidic electrolyzed water and aqueous ozone SO FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE acidic electrolyzed water; aqueous ozone; fresh-cut; cilantro; sequential wash ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; INOCULATED ALFALFA SEEDS; THYME ESSENTIAL OIL; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; OXIDIZING WATER; OZONATED WATER; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; POSTHARVEST PHYSIOLOGY; CHLORINE DIOXIDE; EFFICACY AB Efficacy of decontamination treatments in reducing microbial populations on cilantro and in improving its storage quality was investigated. Fresh-cut cilantro samples were washed with one of the five treatments: tap water, acidic electrolyzed water (AEW), aqueous ozone, chlorinated water, and aqueous ozone followed by AEW (sequential wash). Treated cilantro was packaged in polyethylene bags prepared with films of selected oxygen transmission rate of 6200 mL/(d m(2)) and stored at 0 degreesC for 14 days. The total aerobic bacterial population, total enterobacteriaceae, electrolyte leakage and sensory qualities were examined every 4 days. Test results indicated that the sequential wash is effective in initial microbial count reduction. This treatment also maintained low microbial growth during storage. However, the higher electrolyte leakage may indicate cilantro tissue damage in this treatment. Using AEW alone also resulted in moderate control of aerobic bacterial growth during storage. Ozone treatment, on the other hand, achieved the highest overall quality of cilantro during storage and also maintained the typical cilantro aroma. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Feng, H (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM haofeng@uiuc.edu NR 37 TC 79 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9969 J9 FOOD RES INT JI Food Res. Int. PY 2004 VL 37 IS 10 BP 949 EP 956 DI 10.1016/j.foodres.2004.06.004 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 862UA UT WOS:000224515400005 ER PT J AU Johnson, EJ AF Johnson, EJ TI A biological role of lutein SO FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE lutein; zeaxanthin; carotenoids; beta-carotene; spinach; age-related macular degeneration ID SUPPLEMENTAL BETA-CAROTENE; MACULAR PIGMENT DENSITY; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; CATARACT-EXTRACTION; PLASMA CAROTENOIDS; VITAMIN-A; ZEAXANTHIN CONCENTRATIONS; ANTIOXIDANT STATUS; CANCER PREVENTION; SERUM CAROTENOIDS AB Lutein, a non-provitamin A carotenoid, is found in dark green, leafy vegetables. Lutein, being fat soluble, follows the same intestinal absorption path as dietary fat and is affected by the same factors that influence fat absorption. Unlike beta-carotene, another major carotenoid in diet and tissue, the bioavailability of lutein appears to be less influenced by food processing. Lutein has been strongly implicated as being protective against eye diseases, age-related macular degeneration, and cataracts. In the eye, lutein may act as a blue light filter to protect the underlying tissues from phototoxic damage. The mechanism by which lutein is involved in the prevention of eye diseases may also involve its role as an antioxidant. Dietary surveys indicate that average intakes of lutein in the United States may be below levels that are associated with disease prevention. Therefore, increased intakes of food sources rich in lutein may be warranted. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Johnson, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM elizabeth.johnson@tufts.edu NR 79 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 8755-9129 J9 FOOD REV INT JI Food Rev. Int. PY 2004 VL 20 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1081/FRI-120028826 PG 16 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 810EI UT WOS:000220687200001 ER PT J AU List, GR AF List, GR TI Decreasing trans and saturated fatty acid content in food oils SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN OILS; FRYING QUALITY; MARGARINES; STABILITY; INTERESTERIFICATION; HYDROGENATION; BLENDS; FLAVOR C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP List, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 52 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 58 IS 1 BP 23 EP 31 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 767JC UT WOS:000188435600012 ER PT J AU Pugel, AD Price, EW Hse, CY Shupe, TF AF Pugel, AD Price, EW Hse, CY Shupe, TF TI Composites from southern pine juvenile wood. Part 3. Juvenile and mature wood furnish mixtures SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Composite panels made from mixtures of mature and juvenile southern pine (Pinus taeda L.) were evaluated for initial mechanical properties and dimensional stability. The effect that the proportion of juvenile wood had on panel properties was analyzed by regression and rule-of-mixtures models. The mixed furnish data: 1) highlighted the degree to which juvenile wood types can affect specific panel properties; 2) substantiated significant and non-significant differences found in parts 1 and 2 of the study for homogeneous panels; and 3) showed the rule-of-mixtures to be a good model for property changes due to changes in the proportion of juvenile wood in the furnish. C1 Trus Joist TM, New Prod Dev, Boise, ID 83716 USA. Georgia Pacific Corp, Wood Prod Serv, Decatur, GA 30035 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Pugel, AD (reprint author), Trus Joist TM, New Prod Dev, 2910 E Amity Rd, Boise, ID 83716 USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 54 IS 1 BP 47 EP 52 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 767VQ UT WOS:000188494900008 ER PT J AU Dawson-Andoh, BE Wiemann, M Matuana, L Baumgras, J AF Dawson-Andoh, BE Wiemann, M Matuana, L Baumgras, J TI Infrared and colorimetric characterization of discolored kiln-dried hard maple lumber SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DRIFT-SPECTROSCOPY; WOOD; HEARTWOOD; BROWN; LIGNIN; BLACK; OAK; UV AB Discoloration of hard maple lumber commonly occurs during kiln-drying. In this study, discolored and nondiscolored kiln-dried hard maple lumberboards were characterized using a colorimetric method and Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Colorimetric measurements (L*, a*, b*) were found to be in good agreement with visual grading. Brightness or lightness (L*) of hard maple lumber decreased with discoloration while redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) increased with discoloration. The pH and metal ion content of lumber appeared to play no role in the discoloration process. ATR-FTIR spectra of lumber revealed that although all lumber boards exhibited similar features in the fingerprint and other regions, there were differences in intensities of some absorption bands. One significant difference between accepted and rejected lumber boards was in the 1600-1717 cm(-1) region. ATR-FTIR alone was not sensitive enough to adequately describe changes in chemistry of discolored and discolored hard maple lumber boards. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Dawson-Andoh, BE (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 54 IS 1 BP 53 EP 57 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 767VQ UT WOS:000188494900009 ER PT J AU Winn, MF Wynne, RH Araman, PA AF Winn, MF Wynne, RH Araman, PA TI ALOG: A spreadsheet-based program for generating artificial logs SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Log sawing simulation computer programs can be valuable tools for training sawyers as well as for testing different sawing patterns. Most available simulation programs rely on databases from which to draw logs and can be very costly and time-consuming to develop. ALOG (Artificial LOg Generator) is a Microsoft Excel(R)-based computer program that was developed to accurately generate random, artificial log data and to serve as an alternative to using a log database. Information obtained from the analysis of actual red oak (Quercus rubra, L.) logs was incorporated into the program to ensure the validity of the generated log data. Generated log feature information includes length, small and large inside-bark diameters, amount of sweep or crook, and defects. External defect attributes include type, location, length, width, and height. Internal defect information, including depth, volume, and angle, is also given for the most common defect types that exhibited a significant linear relationship between external and internal defect attributes within the sample data. The user has the option of specifying the grade of the log as well as the position of the log in the tree, or having the features drawn randomly from known distributions. Finally, a grading algorithm is incorporated into the program to check the grade of the generated log. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Winn, MF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 1650 Ramble Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 54 IS 1 BP 62 EP 66 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 767VQ UT WOS:000188494900011 ER PT J AU Kartal, SN Dorau, BF Lebow, ST Green, F AF Kartal, SN Dorau, BF Lebow, ST Green, F TI Effects of inorganic ions on leachability of wood preserving N'N-hydroxynapthalimide (NHA) SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BROWN-ROT DECAY; SOUTHERN PINE; CALCIUM-OXALATE; MICROASSAY; MECHANISM; COPPER AB Southern yellow pine sapwood stakes and blocks were treated with the sodium salt of the calcium-precipitating compound N'N-hydroxynapthalimide (NHA) and leach tested for 2 weeks using the American Wood-Preservers' Association (AWPA) standard. Leacheates were measured for NHA using a microplate optical density ultraviolet reader, and leach rates were estimated for tap water, distilled water, and seawater. The percentage of NHA lost from blocks ranged from a low of 5.0 percent for seawater to 26.4 percent for distilled water. Clearly, higher inorganic ion concentrations in the leaching solutions resulted in less chemical leaching of NHA. To further reduce NHA leachability, additional groups of NHA-treated blocks were post-fixed with 2 percent CaCl2. With CaCl2 post-fixation prior to leaching, the percentage of leached NHA was reduced to 4.3 percent for seawater and 12.7 percent for distilled water. Additional stakes were pressure-treated with aqueous NHA concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 2.0 percent and then leached in distilled water. The percentage of release of NHA in 2 percent treated stakes was 9.1 percent in distilled water; in 0.1 percent treated stakes, 31.5 percent NHA was released. We conclude that NHA leach rates can be decreased by precipitation with inorganic ions (such as calcium) and increased concentration levels of NHA during pressure treatment. C1 Univ Istanbul, Fac Forestry, TR-80895 Istanbul, Turkey. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Kartal, SN (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Wood Res Inst, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. RI Kartal, Nami/E-6516-2013 NR 31 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 54 IS 1 BP 80 EP 84 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 767VQ UT WOS:000188494900014 ER PT B AU Sendak, PE Brissette, JC Frank, RM AF Sendak, PE Brissette, JC Frank, RM BE Ward, JS Twery, MJ TI Managing stands of mixed northern conifers: 40-year results from the Penobscot Experimental Forest SO FORESTRY ACROSS BORDERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 84th Annual Winter Meeting of the New-England-Society-of-American-Foresters CY MAR 23-26, 2004 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, NE Forest Pest Council, NY Soc Amer Foresters, NE Forest Economists, Univ Laval AB This long-term experiment in Maine was designed to provide information on the best silvicultural practices for managing stands of mixed northern conifers in northeastern North America. We evaluated growth and yield and changes in species composition, quality, and structure during the first 40 years of the experiment. Replicated treatments include the selection system, uniform shelter-wood, unregulated harvesting, and diameter-limit cutting. The new cohort established under three-stage shelterwood was subsequently left untreated or precommercially thinned. Between-treatment differences in net volume growth were not significant (alpha = 0.10), though gross volume growth differed managed vs., unmanaged, selection vs. shelterwood, and shelterwood vs. diameter-limit treatments. The three-stage shelter-wood method with precommercial thinning 10 years following final overstory removal resulted in good control of hardwoods and hemlock and a large increase in the proportion of spruce and fir. The selection system on a 5-year cutting cycle resulted in an increase in hemlock, spruce, and fir, with a decrease in hardwood species. If the primary goal were production, even-aged management would most likely be preferred. We recommend two-stage shelterwood as applied in this experiment with some modification to improve species composition and stand quality. Stand quality (proportion of stand volume in cull trees) and species composition were influenced by treatment. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Sendak, PE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA PY 2004 BP 19 EP 21 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BY87D UT WOS:000189483300008 ER PT B AU Kenefic, LS Brissette, JC Sendak, PE AF Kenefic, LS Brissette, JC Sendak, PE BE Ward, JS Twery, MJ TI The effects of alternative diameter-limit cutting treatments: Some findings from a long-term northern conifer experiment SO FORESTRY ACROSS BORDERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 84th Annual Winter Meeting of the New-England-Society-of-American-Foresters CY MAR 23-26, 2004 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, NE Forest Pest Council, NY Soc Amer Foresters, NE Forest Economists, Univ Laval AB Partial harvests in which only large and valuable trees are removed have long been common in the United States and Canada. These types of cuttings often have degrading effects on residual stand condition, though there is little data on the topic. Fortunately, modified and fixed diameter-limit and commercial clearcutting, as well as the uneven-aged Silvicultural system of selection, have been applied by the USDA Forest Service on the Penobscot Experimental Forest in Maine for over 50 years. Results suggest that the degree of degradation, and thus potential for future management, are affected by both the removal criteria and the number of previous harvests. Treatment differences were not great following a single harvest. However, repeated applications of fixed diameter-limit and commercial clearcutting resulted in residual stands that were similar to one another in some aspects of structure and composition) and distinct from selection and modified diameter-limit cut stands. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Bradley, ME USA. RP Kenefic, LS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Bradley, ME USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA PY 2004 BP 22 EP 24 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BY87D UT WOS:000189483300009 ER PT S AU Wiersema, JH AF Wiersema, JH BE Davidson, CG Trehane, P TI The role of the GRIN database in promoting stabilization of economic plant names SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TAXONOMY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Taxonomy of Cultivated Plants held at the 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Int Assoc Cultivated Plant Taxon, Amer Assoc Bot Gardens & Arboreta, Hort Taxon Grp, Vaste Keurings Commissie, IUBS DE genetic resources; plant nomenclature; useful plants; taxonomy AB The taxonomic portion of the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service provides the scientific nomenclature for ca. 450,000 accessions of the National Plant Germplasm System. Most plants of agronomic or horticultural importance are represented among these accessions. Recently, we have extended coverage to many other plants of economic importance throughout the world, such as poisonous plants, ornamentals, weeds, and medicinal or rare plants, not represented among germplasm accessions. GRIN Taxonomy now provides accurate scientific names for nearly 36,000 species of vascular plants. For nearly two decades USDA botanists have surveyed the botanical literature and compiled extensive data relating to nomenclature, synonymy, classification, distribution, economic uses, and common names, and a bibliography of taxonomic resources for the included plants. Since 1994 these data have been freely available to internet users, and about a thousand queries are now answered daily. Direct consultation for complex nomenclatural issues is also often provided. Many agricultural organizations rely on GRIN Taxonomy as a dependable source of accurate scientific names. Included among these are international seed-testing organizations, which have used GRIN Taxonomy to promote stabilization of nomenclature in the seed industry. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wiersema, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Room 304,Bldg 011A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-647-9 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2004 IS 634 BP 67 EP 74 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BAI38 UT WOS:000222372400007 ER PT J AU Baker, CJ Mock, NM Whitaker, BD Rice, CP Roberts, DP Deahl, KL Aver'Yanov, AA AF Baker, CJ Mock, NM Whitaker, BD Rice, CP Roberts, DP Deahl, KL Aver'Yanov, AA TI Stimulatory effect of acetosyringone on plant/pathogen recognition SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine CY NOV 17-21, 2004 CL St Thomas, VI SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Res Inst Phytopathol, Moscow, Russia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2004 VL 37 SU 1 BP S180 EP S180 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 875YK UT WOS:000225458900548 ER PT J AU Meydani, M Kim, JD Liu, LP AF Meydani, M Kim, JD Liu, LP TI Flavonoids structure in relation to angiogenesis and cell-cell adhesion SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine CY NOV 17-21, 2004 CL St Thomas, VI SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RI Liu, Liping/D-3663-2009 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2004 VL 37 SU 1 BP S38 EP S38 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 875YK UT WOS:000225458900097 ER PT J AU Milbury, P Kwak, HK Blumberg, J Ning, MM Furie, K Kelly, P AF Milbury, P Kwak, HK Blumberg, J Ning, MM Furie, K Kelly, P TI Acute ischemic stroke results in early depletion of endogenous antioxidant status in humans SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine CY NOV 17-21, 2004 CL St Thomas, VI SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2004 VL 37 SU 1 BP S162 EP S162 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 875YK UT WOS:000225458900493 ER PT J AU Milbury, P Chen, CY Kwak, HK Blumberg, J AF Milbury, P Chen, CY Kwak, HK Blumberg, J TI Almond polyphenolics feeding alters LDL oxidizability and glutathione metabolism without altering oracpca in older adults SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine CY NOV 17-21, 2004 CL St Thomas, VI SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Medford, MA 02155 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2004 VL 37 SU 1 BP S38 EP S38 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 875YK UT WOS:000225458900098 ER PT J AU Nie, L Wise, ML Peterson, DP Meydani, M AF Nie, L Wise, ML Peterson, DP Meydani, M TI Avenanthramides, polyphenols from oats, modulate smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and nitric oxide (NO) production SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine CY NOV 17-21, 2004 CL St Thomas, VI SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Medford, MA 02155 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2004 VL 37 SU 1 BP S40 EP S40 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 875YK UT WOS:000225458900104 ER PT J AU Callahan, AM Scorza, R Bassett, C Nickerson, M Abeles, FB AF Callahan, AM Scorza, R Bassett, C Nickerson, M Abeles, FB TI Deletions in an endopolygalacturonase gene cluster correlate with non-melting flesh texture in peach SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fruit ripening; fruit texture; polygalacturonase; Prunus persica ID POLYGALACTURONASE GENE; TOMATO FRUIT; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; MESSENGER-RNAS; ANTISENSE RNA; EXPRESSION; FAMILY; CLONING; PECTIN AB Endopolygalacturonase activity during softening of peach [ Prunus persica ( L.) Batsch] fruit is thought to be responsible for the melting flesh texture. A cDNA, PRF5, was previously identified as a fruit-related endopolygalacturonase that may be involved with the texture differences (Lester et al. 1996). We found that all eight of the non-melting flesh cultivars in this study had a deletion in at least one of their PRF5-related polygalacturonase genes, while none of the melting flesh cultivars did. There were three sources of the non-melting trait, as identified by the extent of the deletions. One source of non-melting flesh resulted in a complete deletion of PRF5-related genes while the other two sources had deletions of a subset of those genes, suggesting a cluster of polygalacturonase genes at the melting flesh locus. All of the non-melting flesh cultivars used for this study had greatly reduced or undetectable mRNA levels of PRF5-related polygalacturonase during fruit softening. Using PCR techniques, it was determined that either the PRF5 gene, or more likely, an unidentified peach polygalacturonase at the same locus, is responsible for melting flesh texture determination. C1 ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Callahan, AM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM acallaha@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2004 VL 31 IS 2 BP 159 EP 168 DI 10.1071/FP03131 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 800AS UT WOS:000220001900007 ER PT S AU Tisserat, B Vaughn, SF AF Tisserat, B Vaughn, SF BE Craker, LE Simon, JE Jatisatienr, A Lewinsohn, E TI Techniques to improve growth, morphogenesis and secondary metabolism responses from Lamiaceae species in vitro SO FUTURE FOR MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE automated plant culture system; carbon dioxide; carvone; Mentha spicata; Nepeta cataria; Ocimum basilicum; Origanum vulgare ID CARBON-DIOXIDE LEVELS; CO2 ENRICHMENT; SHOOT GROWTH; CULTURE; PLANTLETS; INVITRO AB Cultural procedures to improve growth (fresh weight) and morphogenic (leaves, shoots and roots) development in the mint family (Lamiaceae) species (e.g. basil, catnip, oregano and spearmint) in vitro are presented. Novel plant tissue culture systems were employed to increase biomass and shooting. A survey study with several species is presented testing a wide range of CO2 levels. Employment of ultra-high levels Of CO2 (i.e. greater than or equal to3,000 muL CO2 L-1) promoted greater growth and morphogenesis in most mint species compared to that obtained employing ambient air (350 muL CO2 L-1). Employment of a sterile hydroponics system, i.e. an automated plant culture system (APCS), greatly enhanced spearmint biomass and shooting over that obtained employing an agar medium. Analysis of essential oil composition in spearmint cultures grown in various culture systems reveals that high secondary metabolite production is often associated with high growth and morphogenesis responses. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biochem Technol & Bioact Agents Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Tisserat, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biochem Technol & Bioact Agents Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-507-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2004 IS 629 BP 333 EP 339 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BY88X UT WOS:000189487500043 ER PT J AU Ma, H Moore, PH Liu, ZY Kim, MS Yu, QY Fitch, MMM Sekioka, T Paterson, AH Ming, R AF Ma, H Moore, PH Liu, ZY Kim, MS Yu, QY Fitch, MMM Sekioka, T Paterson, AH Ming, R TI High-density linkage mapping revealed suppression of recombination at the sex determination locus in papaya SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; AFLP MARKERS; CARICA-PAPAYA; GENETIC-MAP; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MOLECULAR MARKERS; SORGHUM GENOME; RINGSPOT VIRUS; RFLP MAPS; DNA AB A high-density genetic map of papaya (Carica papaya L.) was constructed using 54 F(2) plants derived from cultivars Kapoho and SunUp 1501 markers, including 1498 amplified fragment lenght polymorphism (AFLP) markers, the papaya ringspot virus coat protein marker, morphological sex type, and fruit flesh color. These markers were mapped into 12 linkage groups at LOD score of 5.0 and recombination frequency of 0.25. The 12 major linkage groups covered a total lenght of 3294.2 cM, with an average distance of 2.2 cM between adjacent markers. This map revealed severe suppression of recombination around the sex determination locus with a total of 225 markers cosegregating with sex types. The cytosine bases were highly methylated in this region on the basis of the distribution of the methylation-sensitive and -insensitive markers. This high-density genetic map is essential for cloning of specific genes of interest such as the sex determination gene and for the integration of genetic and physical maps of papaya. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI USA. USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Georgia, Appl Genet Technol Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Ming, R (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM rming@harc-hspa.com NR 58 TC 84 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 7 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JAN PY 2004 VL 166 IS 1 BP 419 EP 436 DI 10.1534/genetics.166.1.419 PG 18 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 800IK UT WOS:000220021800034 PM 15020433 ER PT J AU Connor, EE Sonstegard, TS Keele, JW Bennett, GL Williams, JL Papworth, R Van Tassell, CP Ashwell, MS AF Connor, EE Sonstegard, TS Keele, JW Bennett, GL Williams, JL Papworth, R Van Tassell, CP Ashwell, MS TI Physical and linkage mapping of mammary-derived expressed sequence tags in cattle SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE RH mapping; linkage mapping; SNP; cattle; EST ID COMPARATIVE MAP; TRANSCRIPT MAP; EST; GENERATION; PORCINE; GENOME; CONSTRUCTION; MARKERS; HUMANS; GLAND AB This study describes the physical and linkage mapping of 42 gene-associated markers developed from mammary gland-derived expressed sequence tags to the cattle genome. Of the markers, 25 were placed on the USDA reference linkage map and 37 were positioned on the Roslin 3000-rad radiation hybrid (RH) map, with 20 assignments shared between the maps. Although no novel regions of conserved synteny between the cattle and the human genomes were identified, the coverage was extended for bovine chromosomes 3, 7, 15, and 29 compared with previously published comparative maps between human and bovine genomes. Overall, these data improve the resolution of the human-bovine comparative maps and will assist future efforts to integrate bovine RH and linkage map data. Crown Copyright (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Roslin Inst, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Connor, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Bldg 200,Room 4,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Williams, John/0000-0001-5188-7957; Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [G18276] NR 20 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD JAN PY 2004 VL 83 IS 1 BP 148 EP 152 DI 10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00218-0 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 759WZ UT WOS:000187775700016 PM 14667818 ER PT S AU Van Liew, MW AF Van Liew, Michael W. BE Chen, YB Takara, K Cluckie, ID DeSmedt, FH TI Impact of flood retarding structures on simulated streamflow for various sized watersheds under varying climatic conditions SO GIS and Remote Sensing in Hydrology, Water Resources and Environment SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference of GIS Remote Sensing in Hydrology, Water Resources and Environment CY SEP 16-19, 2003 CL Sandouping, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Sun Yat-sen Univ, Wuhan Univ, Free Univ Brussels, IAHS DE flood retarding structures; streamflow; SWAT; watershed simulation AB Small earthen dams referred to as flood retarding structures (FRSs) represent one of the most effective methods for reducing damage caused by flooding from agricultural land. The impact of these structures on streamflow regime under dry, average, and wet climatic conditions was investigated in this study. The setting for the study is the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed (LWREW) in southwestern Oklahoma, USA that contains 42 FRSs. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is used to evaluate changes in streamflow characteristics as a result of the FRSs for five subwatersheds on the LWPEW ranging in size from 33 to 596 km2. The most noticeable impact of the FRSs is the reduction of annual maximum daily discharges on the day of a rainstorm, with decreases among the subwatersheds ranging from 9 to 31%, 20 to 34%, and 22 to 43%, for the dry, average and wet conditions, respectively. C1 USDA ARS, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Van Liew, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-901502-72-5 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2004 VL 289 BP 33 EP 40 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Mathematics; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BGN40 UT WOS:000248596900004 ER PT B AU Freier, JE Miller, RS Maroney, SA FitzMaurice, PL AF Freier, JE Miller, RS Maroney, SA FitzMaurice, PL BE Durr, PA Martin, SW TI Spatially-targeted surveillance for Newcastle disease in southern California SO Gisvet '04: Second Internatioanl Conference on the Applications of GIS and Spatial Analysis to Veterinary Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on the Applications of GIS and Spatial Analysis to Veterinary Science (GISVET 04) CY JUN 23-25, 2004 CL Univ Guelph, Ontario, CANADA HO Univ Guelph AB In response to a Newcastle disease virus outbreak in southern California, neighborhood-level, spatial data layers were used to create risk maps to facilitate surveillance efforts. Using validated spatial data in a geographic information system, data models were created to represent high-risk demography, feed store and poultry supplier service areas, sites with zoning-code violations, and land-parcel attributes. Characteristics of human populations, along with proximity to feed stores and code violation sites, were used to identify areas where susceptible birds might be found. Once a high risk area was identified, land parcel analysis was used to find specific high-risk sites. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth,Nat Resources Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Freier, JE (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth,Nat Resources Res Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VETERINARY LABORATORIES AGENCY WEYBRIDGE PI NEW HAW PA ADDLESTONE, NEW HAW, SURREY KT15 3NB, ENGLAND BN 1-8995-1323-X PY 2004 BP 3 EP 5 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA BEE82 UT WOS:000237007900001 ER PT B AU Joy, SM James, AM Freier, JE AF Joy, SM James, AM Freier, JE BE Durr, PA Martin, SW TI Predicting the establishment of the bont tick in the united states using classifcation trees and logistic regression SO Gisvet '04: Second Internatioanl Conference on the Applications of GIS and Spatial Analysis to Veterinary Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on the Applications of GIS and Spatial Analysis to Veterinary Science (GISVET 04) CY JUN 23-25, 2004 CL Univ Guelph, Ontario, CANADA HO Univ Guelph ID AMERICAN MAINLAND; HEARTWATER AB Amblyomina hebraeum, the bont tick, is a major vector of heartwater in Africa. By comparing the range of environmental conditions that support the tick species in Africa to random locations throughout the continent, we constructed decision tree and logistic regression models that explain the tick's distribution in Africa. We then applied and compared each model within the United States (U.S.) to identify locations that would potentially support A. hebraeum. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth,Nat Resources Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Joy, SM (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth,Nat Resources Res Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VETERINARY LABORATORIES AGENCY WEYBRIDGE PI NEW HAW PA ADDLESTONE, NEW HAW, SURREY KT15 3NB, ENGLAND BN 1-8995-1323-X PY 2004 BP 6 EP 8 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA BEE82 UT WOS:000237007900002 ER PT J AU Martens, DA Reedy, TE Lewis, DT AF Martens, DA Reedy, TE Lewis, DT TI Soil organic carbon content and composition of 130-year crop, pasture and forest land-use managements SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amino acids; carbohydrates; land-use change; lignin; lipids; organic C; phenolic acids ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS; FATTY-ACIDS; PLANT RESIDUE; C-14-LABELED RYEGRASS; CONVENTIONAL-TILLAGE; AGGREGATE STABILITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; NO-TILLAGE; MATTER; DECOMPOSITION AB Conversion of former agricultural land to grassland and forest ecosystems is a suggested option for mitigation of increased atmospheric CO2. A Sharpsburg prairie loess soil (fine, smectitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll) provided treatments to study the impact of long-term land use on soil organic carbon (SOC) content and composition for a 130-year-old cropped, pasture and forest comparison. The forest and pasture land use significantly retained more SOC, 46% and 25%, respectively, compared with cropped land use, and forest land use increased soil C content by 29% compared with the pasture. Organic C retained in the soils was a function of the soil N content (r=0.98, P<0.001) and the soil carbohydrate (CH) concentration (r=0.96, P<0.001). Statistical analyses found that soil aggregation processes increased as organic C content increased in the forest and pasture soils, but not in the cropped soil. SOC was composed of similar percentages of CHs (49%, 42% and 51%), amino acids (22%, 15% and 18%), lipids (2.3%, 2.3% and 2.9%) and unidentified C (21%, 29% and 27%), but differed for phenolic acids (PAs) (5.7%, 11.6% and 1.0%) for the pasture, forest and cropped soils, respectively. The results suggested that the majority of the surface soil C sequestered in the long-term pasture and forest soils was identified as C of plant origin through the use of CH and PA biomarkers, although the increase in amino sugar concentration of microbial origin indicates a greater increase in microbial inputs in the three subsoils. The practice of permanent pastures and afforestation of agricultural land showed long-term potential for potential mitigation of atmospheric CO2. C1 ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Martens, DA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 61 TC 40 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 37 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 10 IS 1 BP 65 EP 78 DI 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00722.x PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 760RM UT WOS:000187848200007 ER PT J AU McKee, KL Mendelssohn, IA Materne, MD AF McKee, KL Mendelssohn, IA Materne, MD TI Acute salt marsh dieback in the Mississippi River deltaic plain: a drought-induced phenomenon? SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE climate change; disturbance; Louisiana; pyrite; salinity; sea-level; soil acidification; Spartina; USA; wetland ID LOUISIANA; MANAGEMENT; PYRITE; ROOTS AB Aims Extensive dieback of salt marsh dominated by the perennial grass Spartina alterniflora occurred throughout the Mississippi River deltaic plain during 2000. More than 100,000 ha were affected, with 43,000 ha severely damaged. The aim of this work was to determine if sudden dieback could have been caused by a coincident drought and to assess the significance of this event with respect to long-term changes in coastal vegetation. Location Multiple dieback sites and reference sites were established along 150 km of shoreline in coastal Louisiana, USA. Methods Aerial and ground surveys were conducted from June 2000 to September 2001 to assess soil conditions and plant mortality and recovery. Results Dieback areas ranged in size from similar to300 m(2)-5 km(2) in area with 50-100% mortality of plant shoots and rhizomes in affected zones. Co-occurring species such as Avicennia germinans (black mangrove) and Juncus roemerianus (needlegrass rush) were unaffected. Historical records indicate that precipitation, river discharge, and mean sea level were unusually low during the previous year. Although the cause of dieback is currently unknown, plant and soil characteristics were consistent with temporary soil desiccation that may have reduced water availability, increased soil salinity, and/or caused soil acidification (via pyrite oxidation) and increased uptake of toxic metals such as Fe or Al. Plant recovery 15 months after dieback was variable (0-58% live cover), but recovering plants were vigorous and indicated no long-lasting effects of the dieback agent. Main conclusions These findings have relevance for global change models of coastal ecosystems that predict vegetation responses based primarily on long-term increases in sea level and submergence of marshes. Our results suggest that large-scale changes in coastal vegetation may occur over a relatively short time span through climatic extremes acting in concert with sea-level fluctuations and pre-existing soil conditions. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Wetland Biogeochem Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Agron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP McKee, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM karen_mckee@usgs.gov RI McKee, Karen/D-1365-2014 OI McKee, Karen/0000-0001-7042-670X NR 26 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 4 U2 47 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7447 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1111/j.1466-882X.2004.00075.x PG 9 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 762EV UT WOS:000187959300008 ER PT S AU Blechl, AE Bregitzer, P O'Brien, K Lin, J Nguyen, SB Anderson, OD AF Blechl, AE Bregitzer, P O'Brien, K Lin, J Nguyen, SB Anderson, OD BE Lafiandra, D Masci, S DOvidio, R TI Agronomic, biochemical and quality characteristics of wheats containing MHW-glutenin transgenes SO GLUTEN PROTEINS SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Gluten Workshop CY SEP 08-10, 2003 CL Viterbo, ITALY SP Univ Tuscia, Comune Viterbo, Comera Commercio Ind Artigianato Agr Viterbo, Provinc Viterbo, Newport Sci, Comunita Montana Cimini, BIORAD, Consorzio Gian Pietro Ballatore, Barilla, Assoseme, Assoc Provincial Panificatori Pastieceri Viterbo ID SUBUNIT GENE; EXPRESSION C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Crop Improvement & Utilizat Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Blechl, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Crop Improvement & Utilizat Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-633-X J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2004 IS 295 BP 6 EP 9 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity GA BAR75 UT WOS:000223290400002 ER PT S AU Anderson, OD Carollo, V Chao, S Laudencia-Chinguanco, D Lazo, GR AF Anderson, OD Carollo, V Chao, S Laudencia-Chinguanco, D Lazo, GR BE Lafiandra, D Masci, S DOvidio, R TI The use of ESTs to analyze the spectrum of wheat seed proteins SO GLUTEN PROTEINS SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Gluten Workshop CY SEP 08-10, 2003 CL Viterbo, ITALY SP Univ Tuscia, Comune Viterbo, Comera Commercio Ind Artigianato Agr Viterbo, Provinc Viterbo, Newport Sci, Comunita Montana Cimini, BIORAD, Consorzio Gian Pietro Ballatore, Barilla, Assoseme, Assoc Provincial Panificatori Pastieceri Viterbo ID GLIADIN GENES C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Genomics & Gene Discovery Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Anderson, OD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Genomics & Gene Discovery Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-633-X J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2004 IS 295 BP 18 EP 21 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity GA BAR75 UT WOS:000223290400005 ER PT S AU Dupont, FM Vensel, W Kasarda, DD AF Dupont, FM Vensel, W Kasarda, DD BE Lafiandra, D Masci, S DOvidio, R TI Characterization of omega gliadins encoded on chromosome 1A and evidence for post-translational cleavage of omega gliadins by an asparaginyl endoprotease SO GLUTEN PROTEINS SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Gluten Workshop CY SEP 08-10, 2003 CL Viterbo, ITALY SP Univ Tuscia, Comune Viterbo, Comera Commercio Ind Artigianato Agr Viterbo, Provinc Viterbo, Newport Sci, Comunita Montana Cimini, BIORAD, Consorzio Gian Pietro Ballatore, Barilla, Assoseme, Assoc Provincial Panificatori Pastieceri Viterbo C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Dupont, FM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-633-X J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2004 IS 295 BP 42 EP 45 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity GA BAR75 UT WOS:000223290400011 ER PT S AU Hurkman, WJ Tanaka, CK Vensel, WH Wong, JH Balmer, Y Cai, N Buchanan, BB AF Hurkman, WJ Tanaka, CK Vensel, WH Wong, JH Balmer, Y Cai, N Buchanan, BB BE Lafiandra, D Masci, S DOvidio, R TI Proteomic analysis of wheat endosperm proteins: Changes in response to development and high temperature SO GLUTEN PROTEINS SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Gluten Workshop CY SEP 08-10, 2003 CL Viterbo, ITALY SP Univ Tuscia, Comune Viterbo, Comera Commercio Ind Artigianato Agr Viterbo, Provinc Viterbo, Newport Sci, Comunita Montana Cimini, BIORAD, Consorzio Gian Pietro Ballatore, Barilla, Assoseme, Assoc Provincial Panificatori Pastieceri Viterbo C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Hurkman, WJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-633-X J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2004 IS 295 BP 169 EP 172 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity GA BAR75 UT WOS:000223290400042 ER PT S AU Massa, AN Morris, CF AF Massa, AN Morris, CF BE Lafiandra, D Masci, S DOvidio, R TI Relationship between sequence polymorphism of GSP-1 and puroindolines in Triticum aestivum and Aegilops tauschii SO GLUTEN PROTEINS SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Gluten Workshop CY SEP 08-10, 2003 CL Viterbo, ITALY SP Univ Tuscia, Comune Viterbo, Comera Commercio Ind Artigianato Agr Viterbo, Provinc Viterbo, Newport Sci, Comunita Montana Cimini, BIORAD, Consorzio Gian Pietro Ballatore, Barilla, Assoseme, Assoc Provincial Panificatori Pastieceri Viterbo ID GRAIN HARDNESS; WHEAT C1 USDA, ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA USA. RP Massa, AN (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-633-X J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2004 IS 295 BP 461 EP 464 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity GA BAR75 UT WOS:000223290400112 ER PT J AU van der Schoor, SRD Reeds, PJ Stellaard, F Wattimena, JDL Sauer, PJJ Buller, HA van Goudoever, JB AF van der Schoor, SRD Reeds, PJ Stellaard, F Wattimena, JDL Sauer, PJJ Buller, HA van Goudoever, JB TI Lysine kinetics in preterm infants: the importance of enteral feeding SO GUT LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-COMPOSITION; BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; PROTEIN RESTRICTION; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH; LEUCINE KINETICS; BREATH TEST; METABOLISM; OXIDATION; CHILDREN; LEVEL AB Introduction: Lysine is the first limiting essential amino acid in the diet of newborns. First pass metabolism by the intestine of dietary lysine has a direct effect on systemic availability. We investigated whether first pass lysine metabolism in the intestine is high in preterm infants, particularly at a low enteral intake. Patients and methods: Six preterm infants ( birth weight 0.9 ( 0.1) kg) were studied during two different periods: period A ( n = 6): 40% of intake administered enterally, 60% parenterally; lysine intake 92 ( 6) mumol/( kgxh); and period B ( n = 4): 100% enteral feeding; lysine intake 100 ( 3) mumol/( kgxh). Dual stable isotope tracer techniques were used to assess splanchnic and whole body lysine kinetics. Results: Fractional first pass lysine uptake by the intestine was significantly higher during partial enteral feeding ( period A 32 ( 10)% v period B 18 ( 7)%; p < 0.05). Absolute uptake was not significantly different. Whole body lysine oxidation was significantly decreased during full enteral feeding ( period A 44 ( 9) v period B 17 ( 3) μmol/( kgxh); p < 0.05) so that whole body lysine balance was significantly higher during full enteral feeding ( period A 52 ( 25) v period B 83 ( 3) mumol/( kgxh); p < 0.05). Conclusions: Fractional first pass lysine uptake was much higher during partial enteral feeding. Preterm infants receiving full enteral feeding have lower whole body lysine oxidation, resulting in a higher net lysine balance, compared with preterm infants receiving partial enteral feeding. Hence parenterally administered lysine is not as effective as dietary lysine in promoting protein deposition in preterm infants. C1 Erasmus MC Sophia Childrens Hosp, Dept Paediat, NL-3015 GJ Rotterdam, Netherlands. Univ Groningen Hosp, Dept Paediat, NL-9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Paediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP van Goudoever, JB (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Dept Paediat, Div Neonatol, Dr Molewaterpl 60, NL-3015 GJ Rotterdam, Netherlands. NR 38 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0017-5749 J9 GUT JI Gut PD JAN PY 2004 VL 53 IS 1 BP 38 EP 43 DI 10.1136/gut.53.1.38 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 755KQ UT WOS:000187402400010 PM 14684574 ER PT J AU Vincenti, M Ghiglione, N Valsania, MC Davit, P Richardson, SD AF Vincenti, M Ghiglione, N Valsania, MC Davit, P Richardson, SD TI Synthesis of highly fluorinated chloroformates and their use as derivatizing agents for hydrophilic compounds and drinking-water-disinfection by-products SO HELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PENTAFLUOROBENZYL CHLOROFORMATE; MEDIATED DERIVATIZATION; AMINO-ACIDS AB A rapid, safe, and efficient procedure was developed to synthesize, on a small scale, fluorinated chloroformates often required to perform analytical derivatizations. This new family of agents allows straightforward derivatization of highly polar compounds (with multiple hydroxy, carboxy, and amino substituents) in the aqueous phase, compatible with GC and GGMS analysis. A goal of this work was to develop a derivatization procedure that would enable the detection and identification of highly polar disinfection by-products in drinking water. C1 Univ Turin, Dipartimento Chim Anal, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Chim IFM, I-10125 Turin, Italy. USDA ARS, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Vincenti, M (reprint author), Univ Turin, Dipartimento Chim Anal, Via Pietro Giuria 5, I-10125 Turin, Italy. EM marco.vincenti@unito.it RI Vincenti, Marco/M-3495-2015; OI Vincenti, Marco/0000-0002-6275-7194; Davit, Patrizia/0000-0002-9073-9858 NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0018-019X J9 HELV CHIM ACTA JI Helv. Chim. Acta PY 2004 VL 87 IS 2 BP 370 EP 375 DI 10.1002/hlca.200490034 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 805NF UT WOS:000220372300009 ER PT J AU Kubisiak, TL Roberds, JH Spaine, PC Doudrick, RL AF Kubisiak, TL Roberds, JH Spaine, PC Doudrick, RL TI Microsatellite DNA suggests regional structure in the fusiform rust fungus Cronartium quercuum f. sp fusiforme SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE simple sequence repeat; spermatia; hymenium; allelic diversity; genetic differentiation; population structure ID PINE BLISTER RUST; RESISTANT LOBLOLLY-PINE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; NORTH-AMERICA; SLASH PINE; POPULATIONS; VIRULENCE; RIBICOLA; FAMILIES; EASTERN AB This paper reports results obtained from microsatellite DNA analysis of genetic structure for populations of the native fungus Cronartium quercuum f. sp fusiforme infecting loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) over much of this host's natural range. Mostly all fusiform rust galls formed under field conditions are produced as a result of infection and colonization by haploid mycelium originating from a single basidiospore of C. quercuum fusiforme. If multiple infections do occur, then only a single haplotype must ultimately dominate and be responsible for gall formation. High levels of microsatellite variability exist in C. quercuum fusiforme and most of this variation occurs within local populations (average 88.4%). A statistically significant proportion, however, is found among populations, and the magnitude of this differentiation is closely associated with geographic distance between populations. Unweighted pair-group mean analysis and principal components analysis both indicate that at least four genetically distinct regional groups of C. quercuum fusiforme exist in the south Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains. In summary, the distribution of genetic variability in C. quercuum fusiforme is consistent with a hypothesis of at least four metapopulations with gene flow occurring less among regions than among populations within regions, and where overall levels of gene migration are related to geographic distance between populations. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Kubisiak, TL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, 23332 Hwy 67, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD JAN PY 2004 VL 92 IS 1 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800352 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 753DH UT WOS:000187216300007 PM 13130304 ER PT J AU Yokoyama, T Chang, HM Reiner, RS Atalla, RH Weinstock, IA Kadla, JF AF Yokoyama, T Chang, HM Reiner, RS Atalla, RH Weinstock, IA Kadla, JF TI Polyoxometalate oxidation of nonphenolic lignin subunits in water: Effect of substrate structure on reaction kinetics SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE etherified benzyl alcohols; kinetic isotope effect; oxidation; kinetics; polyoxometalate (POM) ID ENVIRONMENTALLY BENIGN TECHNOLOGY; TRANSITION-METAL CATALYSIS; OXYGEN DELIGNIFICATION; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; MODEL COMPOUNDS; SOLUBLE SALTS; POM ANIONS; PART II; DODECATUNGSTOCOBALTATE(III); MECHANISM AB The effect of ligninbiopolymer structure on the mechanism of its oxidative depolymerization by polyoxometalates (POMs) was investigated by reacting an equilibrated POM ensemble with a series of ringsubstituted benzyl alcohols. Under anaerobic conditions in mixed water/ methanol, observed pseudofirst order reaction rates (150degreesC) of 8.96x10(-3) and 4.89x10(-3) sec(-1) were obtained for oxidations of 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) ethanol (1) and 1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethanol (2), respectively. Organic products from the oxidation of 2 (95% recovery) indicate the reaction proceeds via successive oxidations of the benzylic carbon atom; aromatic ring cleavage was not observed. A primary kineticisotope effect of 1.6 and 1.7 was observed for the reactions of 1 and 2 deuterated at the benzyliccarbon atoms. This combined with the relatively large activation energies, indicates that C-H bond breaking (either H-atom or protoncoupled electron transfer) occurs late along the reaction coordinate of the ratedetermining step. Replacing the 4-CH3O group in 2 by CH3CH2O to give 1-(4- ethoxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanol (3), had a substantial effect on the temperature dependence of the observed reaction rate, suggestive of a possible change in mechanism. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Coll Nat Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Kadla, JF (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Canadian Res Chair Adv Biomat, 4034-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM john.kadla@ubc.ca NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 2004 VL 58 IS 2 BP 116 EP 121 DI 10.1515/HF.2004.016 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 805LO UT WOS:000220368000002 ER PT J AU Kelley, SS Rials, TG Groom, LR So, CL AF Kelley, SS Rials, TG Groom, LR So, CL TI Use of near infrared spectroscopy to predict the mechanical properties of six softwoods SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE mechanical properties; near infrared; NIR; softwoods ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; EUCALYPTUS-GLOBULUS; NIR-SPECTROSCOPY; WOOD PROPERTIES; NORWAY SPRUCE; PULP YIELD; CLASSIFICATION; SPECTRA; SAMPLES; DENSITY AB The visible and near infrared (NIR) (5002400 nm) spectra and mechanical properties of almost 1000 small clearwood samples from six softwood species: Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine), Pinus palustris, Mill. (longleaf pine), Pinus elliottii Engelm. (slash pine), Pinus echinata Mill. (shortleaf pine), Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws (ponderosa pine), and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Douglas fir) were measured. Projection to Latent Structures (PLS) modeling showed that the NIR spectra of these softwoods could be used to predict the mechanical properties of the clearwood samples. The correlation coefficients for most of these models were greater than 0.80. All six softwood species were combined into one data set and a PLS model was constructed that effectively predicted the strength properties of any of the individual softwoods. Reducing the spectral range to between 650 and 1050 nm only causes a slight decrease in the quality of the models. Using this narrow spectral range enables the use of smaller, faster, lighter, less expensive spectrometers that could be used either in the field or for process control applications. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA USA. RP Kelley, SS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM steve_kelley@nrel.gov NR 30 TC 54 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 7 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 2004 VL 58 IS 3 BP 252 EP 260 DI 10.1515/HF.2004.039 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 822BR UT WOS:000221509900007 ER PT J AU Lee, HL Chen, GC Rowell, RM AF Lee, HL Chen, GC Rowell, RM TI Fungal decay resistance of wood reacted with phosphorus pentoxide-amine system SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE brown-rot; Gloeophyllum trabeum; phosphoramide; threshold retention; Trametes versicolor; white-rot AB Resistance of wood reacted in situ with phosphorus pentoxideamine to the brownrot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum and whiterot fungus Trametes versicolor was examined. Wood reacted with either octyl, tribromo, or nitro derivatives were more resistant to both fungi. Threshold retention values of phosphoramidereacted wood to whiterot fungus T. versicolor ranged from 2.9 to 13.3 mmol, while these for brownrot fungus G. trabeum ranged from 8.1 to 19.2 mmol. Wood reacted with phosphoramide tested to be more resistant to whiterot than brownrot attack. C1 Taiwan Forestry Res Inst, Div Forest Chem, Taipei 100, Taiwan. Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Lee, HL (reprint author), Taiwan Forestry Res Inst, Div Forest Chem, 53 Nanhai Rd, Taipei 100, Taiwan. EM honglin@serv.tfri.gov.tw NR 12 TC 7 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 2004 VL 58 IS 3 BP 311 EP 315 DI 10.1515/HF.2004.048 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 822BR UT WOS:000221509900016 ER PT J AU Schimleck, LR Jones, RD Peter, GF Daniels, RF Clark, A AF Schimleck, LR Jones, RD Peter, GF Daniels, RF Clark, A TI Nondestructive estimation of tracheid length from sections of radial wood strips by near infrared spectroscopy SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE fiber quality analyzer; near infrared spectroscopy; NIR; Pinus taeda; tracheid length ID INCREMENT CORES; PINUS-RADIATA; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; MICROFIBRIL ANGLE; EUCALYPTUS WOOD AB The use of calibrated near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for predicting tracheid length of Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine) wood samples is described. Ten-mm sections of 14 P taeda radial strips were selected and NIR spectra obtained from the radial longitudinal face of each section. The fibers in these sections were characterized in terms of arithmetic and length-weighted mean tracheid length using a fiber quality analyzer, and calibrations with NIR spectra were developed for both measures of tracheid length. Relationships were good, with coefficients of determination (R-2) of 0.88 for arithmetic tracheid length and 0.96 for length-weighted tracheid length. The accuracy of NIR predicted length-weighted tracheid length was sufficient for ranking purposes. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA USA. RP Schimleck, LR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM lschimleck@smokey.forestry.uga.edu NR 24 TC 24 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 2004 VL 58 IS 4 BP 375 EP 381 DI 10.1515/HF.2004.057 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 842XC UT WOS:000223036900006 ER PT J AU Hunt, C Kenealy, W Horn, E Houtman, C AF Hunt, C Kenealy, W Horn, E Houtman, C TI A biopulping mechanism: Creation of acid groups on fiber SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE acid group; biopulping; Ceriporiopsis subvermispora; mechanical properties; oxalate ester; oxalate acid ID WHITE-ROT FUNGI; CERIPORIOPSIS-SUBVERMISPORA; KRAFT PULPS; WOOD DECAY; BIODEGRADATION; OXIDATION AB We investigated how biopulping modifies chemical and physical properties of wood and how these changes affect the properties of the resulting fiber. Mechanical and chemical testing revealed wood cell changes during 2 weeks of colonization by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. Typical mechanical properties, such as modulus of elasticity and maximum load, tracked reductions in energy needed for mechanical refining to pulp. The data indicate the fiber saturation point of spruce increased from 29% to 42% during biopulping. At the same time, titratable acid groups increased up to 62%. Chemical analysis showed that oxalic acid esters were produced in the wood during biopulping in sufficient amounts to account for the increase in acid groups. The benefits of biopulping - energy savings and increased handsheet strength - as well as other physical property changes are consistent with the mechanism we propose: biopulping increases the acid group content of wood. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Biopulping Int Inc, Madison, WI USA. RP Houtman, C (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM choutman@fs.fed.us RI Hunt, Christopher/D-6339-2011; Houtman, Carl/I-4469-2012 OI Hunt, Christopher/0000-0002-4799-7085; NR 29 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 11 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 2004 VL 58 IS 4 BP 434 EP 439 DI 10.1515/HF.2004.066 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 842XC UT WOS:000223036900015 ER PT J AU Lester, GE Grusak, MA AF Lester, GE Grusak, MA TI Field application of chelated calcium: Postharvest effects on cantaloupe and honeydew fruit quality SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cucumis melo; consumer taste preference; soluble solids concentration ID ATTRIBUTES; SENESCENCE AB Commercially grown honeydew fruit (Cucumis melo Inodorus group) and netted cantaloupe fruit (C. melo Reticulatus group) in low-humidity regions of the U.S. are typically field packed, eliminating the possibility for postharvest chelated-calcium dip treatments to extend fruit shelf life. In this study, calcium treatments were applied to orange-flesh honeydew fruit commercially grown in 2001 and 2002 in Sacramento Valley, Calif. and orange-fleshed netted cantaloupe fruit commercially grown in 2002 in Imperial Valley, Calif., and Rio Grande Valley, Texas. Amino-acid-chelated calcium and mannitol-complexed calcium compounds were applied to field-grown plants at the rate of 2.3 L.ha(-1) (1 qt/acre) at 0, 1, 2, or 4 total applications during growth of honeydew and cantaloupe fruit. Applications were A) at female flowering, B) within 15 days (cantaloupe) or 20 days (honeydew) after flowering, C) within 30 days (cantaloupe) or 40 days (honeydew) after female flowering, and/or D) within 3 to 5 days before abscission. One application equaled (A) or (D), two applications equaled (A+B) or (C+D) and four applications equaled (A+B+C+D). Evaluations of fully abscised fruit were exterior and interior firmness, marketability, calcium concentrations, interior soluble solids concentration (sugars), and consumer preference (taste) following harvest and up to 3 weeks commercial/retail storage. Cantaloupe fruit at both locations did not appear to benefit from preharvest plant applications of calcium when compared to fruit from plants treated with water. Honeydew fruit, however, did and the benefit was observed both years. Honeydew fruit that received four preharvest plant applications of calcium, regardless of source, were generally superior in firmness, marketability, and had a higher calcium concentration than fruit from plants receiving water or one or two applications of calcium. Fruit sugars and taste were not affected by preharvest plant applications of calcium. C1 ARS, USDA, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Lester, GE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Hwy 83,Bldg 200, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 14 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 756HG UT WOS:000187459300005 ER PT J AU Scagel, CF AF Scagel, CF TI Inoculation with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobacteria alters nutrient allocation and flowering of harlequin flower SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glomus intraradiccs; Sparaxis tricolor; VA mycorrhizae ID INFECTION; TEMPERATURE; PHOSPHORUS; GROWTH; ONION AB We assessed whether addition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) inoculum or rhizosphere organisms from AMF inoculum alters aspects of flowering, corin production, or corm quality of harlequin flower (Sparaxis tricolor) for two growth cycles after inoculation. Using pasteurized and nonpasteurized growth medium, plants were inoculated with either inoculum of the AMF, Glomus intraradices, or washings of the inoculum containing rhizobacteria. Shoots of plants inoculated with AMF emerged 2 days earlier than shoots on noninoculated plants or plants inoculated with inoculum washings. Flowers on AMF-inoculated plants opened 7-8 days earlier and plants produced more flowers per plant and per inflorescence than noninoculated plants. AMF-inoculated plants partitioned a higher proportion of biomass to cormel production than to daughter corms and had higher concentration and contents of zinc, sulfur, nitrogen, amino acids, and carbohydrates than corms from noninoculated plants. The rhizosphere organisms associated with the AMF inoculum influenced several measures of plant development, growth, and corm production suggesting that there are organisms associated with our AMF inoculum that have beneficial effects on the growth and productivity of harlequin flower. While inoculation with AMF can promote shoot emergence, leaf production, and flower production of harlequin flower, inoculation also alters aspects of biomass partitioning and corin composition that play an important role in the production of this crop for corms and cormels. C1 ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Scagel, CF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 14 IS 1 BP 39 EP 48 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 756HG UT WOS:000187459300006 ER PT J AU Ritenour, MA Pelosi, RR Burton, MS Stover, EW Dou, HT McCollum, TG AF Ritenour, MA Pelosi, RR Burton, MS Stover, EW Dou, HT McCollum, TG TI Assessing the efficacy of preharvest fungicide applications to control postharvest diseases of Florida citrus SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE benomyl; thiophanate-methyl; pyraclostrobin; acibenzolar-S-methyl; azoxystrobin; fosetyl-Al; fenbuconazole; copper hydroxide; phosphorous acid; ferbam; stem-end rot; Diplodia natalensis; anthracnose; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; green mold; Penicillium digitatum ID PENICILLIUM-DIGITATUM; FOSETYL-AL; RESISTANCE; BENOMYL; ITALICUM; METHYL; FRUIT AB Studies were conducted between November 1999 and April 2003 to evaluate the effectiveness of compounds applied preharvest for reducing postharvest decay on many types of fresh citrus (Citrus spp.) fruit. Commercially mature fruit were harvested two different times after the compounds were applied, degreened when necessary, washed, waxed (without fungicide), and then stored at 50degreesF (10.0degreesC) with 90% relative humidity. Compared to control (unsprayed) fruit, preharvest application of benomyl or thiophanate-methyl resulted in significantly (P<0.05) less decay of citrus fruit after storage in nine out of ten experiments, often reducing decay by about half. In one experiment, pyraclostrobin and phosphorous acid also significantly decreased total decay by 29% and 36%, respectively, after storage compared to the control. Only benomyl and thiophanate-methyl significantly reduced stem-end rot (SER; primarily Diplodia natalensis or Phomopsis citri) after storage, with an average of 65% less decay compared to the control. Though benomyl significantly reduced anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) in two of four tests with substantial (>20%) infection and phosphorous acid significantly reduced it once, thiophanate-methyl did not significantly reduce the incidence of anthracnose postharvest. The data suggests that preharvest application of thiophanate-methyl may reduce postharvest SER and total decay similar to preharvest benomyl treatments. C1 Univ Florida, IFAS, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Florida Dept Citrus, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Ritenour, MA (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 14 IS 1 BP 58 EP 62 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 756HG UT WOS:000187459300009 ER PT J AU Wood, BW Stahmann, D AF Wood, BW Stahmann, D TI Hedge pruning pecan SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alternate bearing; irregular bearing; flowering; profit; yields; production; quality; Australia; pruning; hedging; topping; mechanical hedging ID ALTERNATE BEARING INTENSITY; FALL DEFOLIATION; UNITED-STATES; FRUIT; TIME; INTERCEPTION; ORIENTATION; POLLINATION; ORCHARDS; QUALITY AB An ever increasing cost:price squeeze on the profitability of pecan (Carya illinoinensis) farming is driving a search for alternate husbandry approaches. 'Wichita' and 'Western' trees maintained at relatively high tree population density, by mechanized hedge pruning and topping, produced greater nut yield than an orchard treatment in which tree population density was reduced by tree thinning (144% for 'Wichita' and 113% for 'Western Schley'). Evaluation of three different hedge pruning strategies, over a 20-year period, identified a discrete canopy hedge pruning and topping strategy using a 2-year cycle, as being superior to that of a discrete canopy hedge pruning and topping strategy using an 8-year cycle, but not as good as a continuous canopy hedge pruning and topping strategy using a 1-year cycle. An evaluation of 21 commercial cultivars indicated that nut yields of essentially all cultivars can be relatively high if properly hedge pruned [annual in-shell nut yields of 2200 to 3626 lb/acre (2465.8 to 4064.1 kg.ha(-1)), depending on cultivar]. Comparative alternate bearing intensity and nut quality characteristics are reported for 21 cultivars. These evaluations indicate that pecan orchards can be highly productive, with substantially reduced alternate bearing, when managed via a hedgerow-like pruning strategy giving narrow canopies [3403 lb/acre (3814.2 kg.ha(-1)) for 'Wichita' and 3472 lb/acre (3891.5 kg.ha(-1)) for 'Western Schley']. North-south-oriented (N-S) hedgerows produced higher yields that did east-west (E-W) hedgerows (yield for N-S 'Wichita' was 158% that of E-W trees and N-S 'Western Schley' was 174% that of E-W trees). These data indicate that mechanized hedge pruning and topping offers an attractive alternative to the conventional husbandry paradigm. C1 ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Stahmann Farms Australia, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. RP Wood, BW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 14 IS 1 BP 63 EP 72 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 756HG UT WOS:000187459300010 ER PT J AU Fletcher, RS Escobar, DE Skaria, M AF Fletcher, RS Escobar, DE Skaria, M TI Evaluating airborne normalized difference vegetation index imagery for citrus orchard surveys SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE airborne digital imagery; NDVI; south Texas; citriculture AB The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) provides relative estimates of vegetation vigor, density, and health. Little information is available on the application of NDVI imagery for citriculture. The objective of this study was to evaluate airborne NDVI imagery for assessing tree conditions in citrus (Citrus spp.) orchards. Images of two south Texas citrus groves with stressed and nonstressed trees were qualitatively evaluated. Stressed trees were easily detected from nonstressed trees in the images. The images were also helpful for developing survey plans of the citrus groves. Our results indicated that airborne NDVI images could be used as a tool to assess tree conditions in citrus orchards. Findings should be of interest to citrus growers, extension agents, agricultural consultants, and private surveying companies. C1 ARS, USDA, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Kingsville Citrus Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Fletcher, RS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 14 IS 1 BP 91 EP 94 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 756HG UT WOS:000187459300015 ER PT J AU Baas, P Blokhina, N Fujii, T Gasson, P Grosser, D Heinz, I Ilic, J Jiang, XM Miller, R Newsom, LA Noshiro, S Richter, HG Suzuki, M Terrazas, T Wheeler, E Wiedenhoeft, A AF Baas, P Blokhina, N Fujii, T Gasson, P Grosser, D Heinz, I Ilic, J Jiang, XM Miller, R Newsom, LA Noshiro, S Richter, HG Suzuki, M Terrazas, T Wheeler, E Wiedenhoeft, A CA IAWA Comm TI IAWA list of microscopic features for softwood identification - Preface SO IAWA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WOOD ANATOMY; WART STRUCTURE; PIT MEMBRANES; RESIN CANALS; TRACHEIDS; PINE; VESTURES; CELLS C1 Natl Herberium Nederland, Univ Leiden Branch, Leiden, Netherlands. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol & Pedol, Far E Branch, Vladivostok 690022, Russia. Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Ibaraki, Japan. Royal Bot Gardens, Jodrell Lab, Richmond, England. Univ Munich, Inst Holzforsch, D-80539 Munich, Germany. CSIRO Forestry & Forest Prod, S Clayton, Australia. Chinese Acad Forestry, CRIWI, Beijing, Peoples R China. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Anthropol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Hamburg, Inst Holzbiol, Hamburg, Germany. Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Bot Gardens, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Colegio Postgrad, Programa Bot, Montecillo, Mexico. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Baas, P (reprint author), Natl Herberium Nederland, Univ Leiden Branch, Leiden, Netherlands. EM baas@nhn.leidenuniv.nl; evolut@eastnet.febras.ru; tfujii@ffpri.affrc.go.jp; p.gasson@kew.org; grosser@holz.forst.uni-muenchen.de; heinz@holz.forst.tu-muenchen.de; jugo.ilic@ffp.csiro.au; xiaomei@wood.forestry.ac.cn; rmiller1@wisc.edu; lan12@psu.edu; noshiro@ffpri.affrc.go.jp; hrichter@holz.uni-hamburg.de; mitsuos@mail.cc.tohoku.ac.jp; winchi@colpos.colpos.mx; xylem@unity.ncsu.edu; acwieden@wisc.edu NR 79 TC 157 Z9 166 U1 3 U2 16 PU INT ASSOC WOOD ANATOMISTS PI LEIDEN PA RIJKSHERBARIUM, PO BOX 9514, 2300 LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-1541 J9 IAWA J JI IAWA J. PY 2004 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP + PG 69 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 800YC UT WOS:000220062600001 ER PT J AU Via, BK Stine, M Shupe, TF So, CL Groom, L AF Via, BK Stine, M Shupe, TF So, CL Groom, L TI Genetic improvement of fiber length and coarseness based on paper product performance and material variability - A review SO IAWA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE coarseness; family; combining ability; genotype; heritability; phenotype; tracheid length; variation ID WITHIN-TREE VARIATION; WOOD SPECIFIC-GRAVITY; RADIATA PINE CLONES; KRAFT PULP QUALITY; EUCALYPTUS-GLOBULUS; HANDSHEET PROPERTIES; MATURE WOOD; BREEDING OBJECTIVES; TENSILE-STRENGTH; DENSITY AB Improvement of specific gravity through tree breeding was an early choice made in the mid 20(th) century due to its ease of measurement and impact on pulp yield and lumber strength and stiffness. This was often the first, and in many cases, the only wood quality trait selected for. However, from a product standpoint, increased specific gravity has shown to lower many paper strength and stiffness properties and has been assumed to be directly attributable to increased fiber coarseness. As a result, it is currently not clear which fiber trait would best benefit a tree improvement program for paper products. This review found coarseness to be perhaps more important to paper strength and stiffness whereas tracheid length showed better promise from a breeding point of view due to its independence from specific gravity. However, both traits possessed strong heritability and influence on product performance and thus both would be beneficial to breed for depending on organizational goals and end product mix. The objective of this paper is to review and prioritize coarseness and tracheid length from both an end use and raw material perspective. To aid in prioritization, the variation, correlation, and heritability of both traits were reviewed along with significant genetic and phenotypic correlations. Variation trends within and between families as well as within a tree were reviewed. C1 Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Via, BK (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Renewable Nat Resource Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. OI Via, Brian/0000-0003-2676-7376 NR 87 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC WOOD ANATOMISTS PI LEIDEN PA RIJKSHERBARIUM, PO BOX 9514, 2300 LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-1541 J9 IAWA J JI IAWA J. PY 2004 VL 25 IS 4 BP 401 EP 414 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 874PQ UT WOS:000225362700001 ER PT B AU Nelson, SO AF Nelson, SO GP IEEE TI Permittivity and density relationships for granular and powdered materials SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; DEPENDENCE; CONSTANT; MOISTURE; COAL; SAMPLES; FORMULA; ROCKS; BULK C1 USDA, ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 229 EP 232 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1329610 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066400058 ER PT B AU Jackson, TJ Bindlish, R Gasiewski, AJ Stankov, B Klein, M Njoku, EG Bosch, D Coleman, T Laymon, C Starks, P AF Jackson, TJ Bindlish, R Gasiewski, AJ Stankov, B Klein, M Njoku, EG Bosch, D Coleman, T Laymon, C Starks, P GP ieee TI Polarimetric scanning radiometer C and X band microwave observations during SMEX03 SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE soil moisture; microwave remote sensing; hydrology; Aqua ID SOIL-MOISTURE RETRIEVAL AB Soil Moisture Experiments 2003 (SMEX03) was the second in a series of field campaigns using the NOAA Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR/CX) designed to validate brightness temperature data and soil moisture retrieval algorithms for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer on the Aqua satellite. Data from the TRMM Microwave Imager were also used for X-band comparisons. The study was conducted in different climate/vegetation regions of the U.S. (Alabama, Georgia, Oklahoma). In the current investigation, more than one hundred flightlines of PSR/CX data were extensively processed to produce gridded brightness temperature products for the four study regions. Variations associated with soil moisture were not as large as hoped for due to the lack of significant rainfall in Oklahoma. Observations obtained over Alabama include a wide range of soil moisture and vegetation conditions. Comparisons were made between the PSR and AMSR for all sites. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jackson, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 321 EP 324 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900084 ER PT B AU Thoma, D Moran, M Bryant, R Collins, CH Rahman, M Skirvin, S AF Thoma, D Moran, M Bryant, R Collins, CH Rahman, M Skirvin, S GP ieee TI Comparison of two methods for extracting surface soil moisture from C-band radar imagery SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE radar; soil moisture; rock fragments; IEM ID SEMIARID RANGELAND; SAR; BACKSCATTER; ROUGHNESS AB The Integral Equation Method (IEM) model and a newly defined delta index were used to estimate near surface soil moisture from C-band radar satellite imagery in a semi-arid rangeland in southern Arizona, USA. Model results were validated against soil moisture measurements made in the field at the time of satellite overpass. The IEM model performed poorly in this environment possibly due to abundant near-surface rock fragments which were not considered in the model. The delta index performed better than the IEM model and was shown to work with both ERS and Radarsat imagery. Additionally the index was simple to implement and implicitly accounted for both rock fragments and surface roughness. C1 USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Thoma, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 827 EP 830 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900218 ER PT B AU Kustas, WP Timmermans, WJ French, AN AF Kustas, WP Timmermans, WJ French, AN GP ieee TI An intercomparison of two remote sensing-based energy balance modeling schemes SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci ID LAND SURFACES; HEAT-FLUX; SOIL AB A comparison of output from two models estimating spatially distributed surface energy fluxes from remotely sensed imagery is analyzed. A major difference between the two models is whether the soil and vegetation components are treated separately (two-source) or lumped (one-source) in the parameterization of radiative and turbulent exchanges. Comparisons are performed using data from two large-scale field experiments covering sub-humid grassland (Southern Great Plains '97) and semi-arid rangeland (Monsoon '90) having very different landscape properties. In general, there was reasonable agreement between flux output from both models versus a handful of flux tower observations. However, spatial intercomparisons yielded relatively large discrepancies (-100 W/m(2)) in the turbulent heat fluxes that appeared to be related to land cover. Sensitivity to a key input for each model indicates that the uncertainty in specifying this input hits a greater impact on one-source model output for all land cover types. C1 USDA, ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kustas, WP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 1323 EP 1326 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900348 ER PT B AU Li, FQ Kustas, WP Jackson, TJ Prueger, JH AF Li, FQ Kustas, WP Jackson, TJ Prueger, JH GP ieee TI Utility of remote sensing based two-source energy balance model to estimate land surface fluxes during SMACEX SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci ID TEMPERATURES; SOIL AB A two-source (soil + vegetation) energy balance model using radiometric surface temperature as a key boundary condition was applied to remote sensing data collected under a range of crop cover and soil moisture conditions during the Soil Moisture Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (SMACEX). Two formulations of the heat exchange, one allowing interaction between the soil and vegetation (series version) and another neglecting such interaction (parallel version) were evaluated. Comparison of local model output with tower-based flux observations indicated that both the parallel and series resistance formulations produced similar estimates with root-mean-square-differences (RMSD) values ranging from approximately 20 to 50 W m(-2) for net radiation and latent heat fluxes, respectively. Although both the series and parallel versions gave similar results, the parallel resistance formulation vas more sensitive to model parameter specification, particularly in accounting for vegetation clumping via row crop planting effects on flux partitioning. C1 USDA, ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, FQ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 1327 EP 1330 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900349 ER PT B AU Bindlish, R Crow, WT Jackson, TJ AF Bindlish, R Crow, WT Jackson, TJ GP ieee TI Potential role of passive microwave remote sensing in improving flood forecasts SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE floods; soil moisture; hydrology; microwave remote sensing; Aqua AB The potential of using satellite based microwave observations of soil moisture to improve flood predictability was explored during a specific major flood event. Predictability is a key contribution to forecasting skill for regional-scale flooding events occurring over time scales of days to weeks and remote sensing observations could add skill to predictions of flood peak timing and magnitude. Data from the Advanced Microwave Sensing Radiometer (AMSR-E) was used to demonstrate the potential of remotely sensed soil moisture in flood forecasting applications. The current study demonstrates the potential of these observations to predicting the floods in the northeastern Australia (Queensland) during January-February 2004. There is a clear signal expressed by low brightness temperatures (i.e. highest soil moistures) over the affected areas preceding the peak streamflow conditions. That is, the inundated land surface conditions displayed are a detectable precursor to subsequent downstream flooding. The use of remotely sensed passive microwave observations improves the forecasting skill for regional scale flooding. C1 USDA ARS, SSAI, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bindlish, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, SSAI, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 104 Bldg,007 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 1866 EP 1869 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900487 ER PT B AU Quayle, B Sohlberg, R Descloitres, J AF Quayle, B Sohlberg, R Descloitres, J GP ieee TI Operational remote sensing technologies for wildfire assessment SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci ID MODIS AB Rapidly providing image products and remote sensing derived information to wildfire managers is necessary to maximize their utility for current wildfire situation assessment and strategic planning. In an effort to address this need, the USDA Forest Service Remote Sensing Applications Center (RSAC) coordinates with NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and the University of Maryland to provide the USDA Forest Service MODIS Active Fire Mapping Program. The program utilizes high temporal resolution image data acquired by the MODIS sensor onboard the Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites TERRA and AQUA to facilitate active fire monitoring. The primary objective of the program is to provide real time MODIS imagery and MODIS-derived fire products for active fire assessment in the western United States and near-real time fire products for the rest of the continental United States and Alaska. In 2004, the program plans to coordinate with other MODIS Direct Readout facilities to provide real time coverage to other areas of the United States and Canada. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Quayle, B (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 2245 EP 2247 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900589 ER PT B AU Rawls, W Cosh, M Jackson, T Nemes, A AF Rawls, W Cosh, M Jackson, T Nemes, A GP ieee TI Use of remotely sensed soil moisture to determine soil hydraulic properties SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE soil moisture; hydraulic soil properties; remotely sensed soil moisture ID CONDUCTIVITY AB Laboratory and field methods for determining soil hydraulic properties are time consuming and expensive. An alternative approach is to use pedotransfer functions which predict various soil hydraulic properties based on more readily available physical properties. Peclotransfer functions have been developed that operate with various levels of information. Greater available information yields more reliable estimates of any particular hydraulic property. Because some of the physical properties being used in pedotransfer functions are not available on a regional scale, there is a need to develop pedotransfer functions for use with regional soil databases. A system is described that uses soil texture classes and remotely sensed soil moisture in the dry state to estimate soil hydraulic properties at a 800 in pixel scale. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rawls, W (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007,Rm 104,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Cosh, Michael/0000-0003-4776-1918 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 2791 EP 2794 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900730 ER PT B AU Bosch, D Jackson, T Lakshmi, V Jacobs, H Moran, S AF Bosch, D Jackson, T Lakshmi, V Jacobs, H Moran, S GP ieee TI In situ soil moisture network for validation of remotely sensed data SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE soil moisture AB An automated soil moisture network for continuous measurement of soil moisture in the top 30 cm of the soil over an 8000 km(2) region has been established. The network consists of 32 stations encompassing it diversity of soil types. The measurements are being used to improve drought, flood, and agronomic production forecasts. In addition, the data are being used to examine the accuracy of remotely sensed measurements of soil moisture and the degree to which they represent natural variability across the landscape. The data were used to evaluate soil moisture conditions during the SMEX03 experiment. The data are being used to support testing of AMSR, AMSR-E, PSR, and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) observations. Gravimetric samples were collected for the period from June 23, 2003 to July 2, 2003 for comparison to both the in situ network and the remotely sensed data. During the experiment, daily. in situ soil moisture measurements A-ere taken and plant and soil samples collected for oven drying and determination of moisture content. The automated network provided continuous in situ soil moisture measurements throughout the coverage area. A wide variation in soil moisture was observed both over the time period and from site to site. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Bosch, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 3188 EP 3190 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900837 ER PT B AU Walthall, CL Gish, TJ Chinkuyu, A Dulaney, W Kaul, M Daughtry, CST AF Walthall, CL Gish, TJ Chinkuyu, A Dulaney, W Kaul, M Daughtry, CST GP ieee TI Analysis of surrogate indicators for evidence of subsurface preferential flow pathways: Impact of subsurface preferential flow on variability of NDVI SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE subsurface prerenetial flow pathways; soil moisture; NDVI; airborne imagery AB Watershed-scale processes governing chemical fluxes to adjacent ecosystems are so poorly understood that effective strategies for mitigating chemical contamination cannot be formulated. Characterization of hydrologic processes and chemical behavior at the watershead scale is critical to the development of sustainable agricultural practices. Identifying locations for monitoring hydrologic processes like subsurface preferential flow is difficult because conventional sampling methods are inadequate for measuring this highly variable, yet critical process. A method for detecting and mapping subsurface preferential flow pathways based primarily on ground penetrating radar (GPR) data and digital elevation maps (DEM) was developed. This procedure was confirmed for a Maryland cornfield using real-time soil moisture data, maps of within-field grain yield, and remotely sensed imagery. Unfortunately, it is economically unfeasible and logistically impractical for producers to use the GPR-DEM procedures to map subsurface preferential flow pathways for all crop fields. It may, however, be possible to use remotely sensed imagery, grain yield maps, and a DEM as surrogate indicators of subsurface preferential flow pathways occurring at or near crop rooting depth. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) shows an increase with distance from primary, secondary and tertiary preferential flow pathways during above-normal rainfall growing seasons. There appears to be a decrease of NDVI with distance from preferential flow pathways for a dry/drought year. Imagery collected during drought conditions appears especially useful as only within-field locations with subsurface irrigation from preferential flow pathways maintain vigor. Maps of vegetative productivity derived from remotely sensed imagers. may be more useful than within-field grain yield maps for detecting and delineating locations of subsurface preferential flow path-ways. The ability to delineate field locations with a high probability, of subsurface preferential flow pathways will allow producers to better manage crop production, and mitigate losses of agricultural chemical inputs to neighboring ecosystems and waterways. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Walthall, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 3992 EP 3995 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006901052 ER PT B AU Li, FQ Kustas, WP Jackson, TJ Bindlish, R Prueger, JH AF Li, FQ Kustas, WP Jackson, TJ Bindlish, R Prueger, JH GP ieee TI Mapping land surface fluxes using microwave and optical remote sensing data under high vegetation cover conditions during SMEX02/SMACEX SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci ID SCALES AB A two-source (soil + vegetation) energy balance model using microwave-derived near-surface soil moisture has been successfully applied in areas of relatively low vegetation cover. The utility, of this approach in areas with high vegetation cover is explored and compared with a two-source scheme using thermal infrared data. The investigation used data collected over areas of high corn and soy bean cover in central Iowa during the Soil Moisture Experiment in 2002 (SMEX02) and the Soil Moisture Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (SMACEX). Maps of near-surface soil moisture data were obtained front the Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR) observations, which provided 800 in resolution for the regional area. Fractional vegetation cover and leaf area index were estimated from the Landsat data, which also provided surface temperature. These data, along with local meteorological data, provided inputs for, a two-source model. The model output using microwave data were compared with tower-based flux measurements in the watershed at-ea. The model computed reliable estimates of net radiation and soil heat flux, yielding a root-mean-square-difference (RMSD) of around 20 Wm(-2). However, the model generally underestimated latent heat flux, LE, and overestimated sensible heat flux, H resulting in RMSD values of similar to70 Wm(-2) for LE and 45 Wm(-2) for H respectively. The larger discrepancies in heat fluxes are due in part to the mismatch in model output resolution (800 m) versus source area contributing to the tower fluxes (similar to100m). The comparison between the model output of surface temperature and Landsat indicates that the temperature estimation is reasonable agreement with a RMSD 1.4 degreesC. A comparison of fluxes mapped over the regional area using the microwave-based and thermal-infrared based model is made and factors contributing to the differences between model outputs at,e discussed. C1 USDA, ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, FQ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 4285 EP 4288 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006901132 ER PT B AU Maleki, SJ Yamaki, K Champagne, ET Shinoharal, K AF Maleki, SJ Yamaki, K Champagne, ET Shinoharal, K GP MEDIMOND TI The peanut allergens are altered by roasting SO IMMUNOLOGY 2004: GENOMIC ISSUES, IMMUNE SYSTEM ACTIVATION AND ALLERGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual International Congress of Immunology/4th Annual Conference of the Federation-of-Clinical-Immunology-Societies (FOCIS) CY JUL 18-23, 2004 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Federat Clin Immunol Soc ID IGE-BINDING EPITOPES AB The incidence of food allergy has increased over the last 15 years. It has been suggested that the methods of processing a particular food contribute to the rate of sensitization. It is quite possible that the processing methods have increased the rate of sensitization directly or indirectly, by affecting the age and frequency of exposure to peanut products. In order to understand the changes in the allergenic properties of roasted peanuts, the main allergens were purified from both raw and roasted peanut and subjected to various assays, such as, digestive enzyme and IgE binding analysis. The structural and chemical alterations observed in the purified peanut allergens may, in part, explain the differences seen in the allergenic properties of peanut proteins following roasting. C1 USDA, ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Food Proc & Sensory Qual Res Unit, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Maleki, SJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Food Proc & Sensory Qual Res Unit, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND PUBLISHING CO PI BOLOGNA PA VIA RUBBIANI 6/2, 40124 BOLOGNA, ITALY BN 88-7587-073-X PY 2004 BP 505 EP 509 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA BBQ62 UT WOS:000227168200086 ER PT S AU Acord, BR Walton, TE AF Acord, BR Walton, TE BE Bokma, BH Blouin, EF Bechara, GH TI Animal health organizations - Roles to mitigate the impact of ecologic change on animal health in the tropics SO IMPACT OF ECOLOGICAL CHANGES ON TROPICAL ANIMAL HEALTH AND DISEASE CONTROL SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY JUN 22-27, 2003 CL Iguacu Falls, BRAZIL SP USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, CNPq, CAPES, Fda Amparo & Pesquisa Estado Sao Paulo, Valee Sa, Merial DE animal health; International Organization for Animal Health; (OIE); World Trade Organization; Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service; (APHIS) AB Production of livestock across North and South America is extensive. The opportunities for production, commerce, and thriving economies related to animal agriculture are balanced against the devastating threats of disease. Commitment by livestock and poultry producers in exporting countries to production methods, herd health management, and biosecurity in their operations must be coupled with an animal health and marketing infrastructure that allows the industries to thrive and offers assurances to trading partners that their livestock industries will not be jeopardized. National and international animal health organizations play a key role in providing this infrastructure to the industries that they serve. The incentive for the successful World agricultural production economies to provide direction and support for improving animal health and conveying principles for competitive and safe production to lesser developed nations is the assurance that the expanding economies of these nations offer an eager and hungry market for the products of the other industries of an export-dependent economy. The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established after the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The WTO provides the permanent international multilateral institutional framework for implementing dispute resolution agreements and the agreement on the application of sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures. The SPS agreements allow for the protection of animal and plant health. C1 USDA, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Walton, TE (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, 2150 Ctr Ave,NRRC Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Thomas.E.Walton@aphis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-504-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2004 VL 1026 BP 32 EP 40 DI 10.1196/annals.1307.004 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Tropical Medicine; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Tropical Medicine; Veterinary Sciences GA BBO56 UT WOS:000226725500004 PM 15604467 ER PT S AU Hall, C AF Hall, C BE Bokma, BH Blouin, EF Bechara, GH TI Impact of avian influenza on US poultry trade relations-2002 - H5 or H7 low pathogenic avian influenza SO IMPACT OF ECOLOGICAL CHANGES ON TROPICAL ANIMAL HEALTH AND DISEASE CONTROL SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY JUN 22-27, 2003 CL Iguacu Falls, BRAZIL SP USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, CNPq, CAPES, Fda Amparo & Pesquisa Estado Sao Paulo, Valee Sa, Merial DE avian influenza; Type A influenza viruses; poultry disease; trade bans; mutation AB Avian influenza (AI) viruses are Type A influenza viruses of the Orthomyxoviridae family. There are 15 subtypes of the virus widespread in migratory waterfowl throughout the world. It has become increasingly evident that some low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H5 or H7 viruses have the capacity to mutate into the more virulent strains that cause extensive economic losses and high mortality. Recent AI disease outbreaks in several countries have increased attention and concern over low pathogenic H5 and H7 AI viruses. This heightened international concern increases the risk of unnecessary trade bans. For the US poultry industry, avian influenza continues to be a challenge to the flow of trade. On one hand, there is the increased focus of world attention on the H5 and H7 low pathogenic AI virus and the possibility of mutation. On the other hand, there are the factors contributing to our finding of infected flocks. Among these, perhaps the most important is the ever-present reservoir of virus in the migratory waterfowl population. With the discovery of exposed flocks comes the threat of trade bans. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Ctr Import & Export, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Hall, C (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Ctr Import & Export, 4700 River Rd,Unit 46, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. EM cheryl.i.hall@aphis.usda.gov NR 7 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-504-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2004 VL 1026 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1196/annals.1307.006 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Tropical Medicine; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Tropical Medicine; Veterinary Sciences GA BBO56 UT WOS:000226725500006 PM 15604469 ER PT S AU Dominguez, M Zabal, O Wilkowsky, S Echaide, I De Echaide, ST Asenzo, G Rodriguez, A Zamorano, P Farber, M Suarez, C Florin-Christensen, M AF Dominguez, M Zabal, O Wilkowsky, S Echaide, I De Echaide, ST Asenzo, G Rodriguez, A Zamorano, P Farber, M Suarez, C Florin-Christensen, M BE Bokma, BH Blouin, EF Bechara, GH TI Use of a monoclonal antibody against Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen-2c for the development of a competitive ELISA test SO IMPACT OF ECOLOGICAL CHANGES ON TROPICAL ANIMAL HEALTH AND DISEASE CONTROL SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY JUN 22-27, 2003 CL Iguacu Falls, BRAZIL SP USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, CNPq, CAPES, Fda Amparo & Pesquisa Estado Sao Paulo, Valee Sa, Merial DE Bovine babesiosis; Babesia bovis; competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (competitive ELISA); merozoite surface antigen-2c (MSA-2c); monoclonal antibodies ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CATTLE AB Bovine babesiosis caused by Babesia bovis is a disease that hampers the production of beef and dairy cattle in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. New diagnostic methods based on recombinant antigens constitute valuable biotechnological tools for the strategic control of this disease. We have developed a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that includes a recombinant form of the merozoite surface antigen-2c and a novel monoclonal antibody against it. Preliminary results showed that this test is able to identify specific antibodies against B. bovis from experimentally and naturally infected cattle. C1 Inst Nacl Tecnol Agropecuaria Castelar, Ctr Invest Ciencias Vet & Agron, RA-1712 Castelar, Argentina. Inst Nacl Tecnol Agropecuaria Rafaela, Estac Expt Agropecuaria, Rafaela, Argentina. USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA USA. RP Florin-Christensen, M (reprint author), Inst Nacl Tecnol Agropecuaria Castelar, Ctr Invest Ciencias Vet & Agron, RA-1712 Castelar, Argentina. EM mflorin@cicv.inta.gov.ar RI Suarez, Carlos/A-3121-2008 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-504-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2004 VL 1026 BP 165 EP 170 DI 10.1196/annals.1307.025 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Tropical Medicine; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Tropical Medicine; Veterinary Sciences GA BBO56 UT WOS:000226725500025 PM 15604488 ER PT S AU Pegram, R Indar, L Eddi, C George, J AF Pegram, R Indar, L Eddi, C George, J BE Bokma, BH Blouin, EF Bechara, GH TI The Caribbean Amblyomma program - Some ecologic factors affecting its success SO IMPACT OF ECOLOGICAL CHANGES ON TROPICAL ANIMAL HEALTH AND DISEASE CONTROL SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY JUN 22-27, 2003 CL Iguacu Falls, BRAZIL SP USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, CNPq, CAPES, Fda Amparo & Pesquisa Estado Sao Paulo, Valee Sa, Merial DE Caribbean Amblyomma program (CAP); tropical bont tick (TBT); ecologic factor; Antigua; Nevis; St. Kitts; St. Lucia ID TROPICAL BONT TICK; FRENCH-ANTILLES; ERADICATION AB The Caribbean Amblyomma Program has been operational for 8 years. However, owing to funding availability, some islands did not commence eradication activities until late 1997. During the past 2 years, 6 of the 9 islands (St. Kitts, St. Lucia, Anguilla, Montserrat, Barbados, and Dominica) under the program have attained the status of provisional freedom from the tropical bont tick (TBT). There are several administrative and technical reasons why the attainment of the program goals took longer than originally anticipated. This paper examines some of the ecologic factors that necessitated the prolongation of the treatment period and the recrudescence of TBT infestation in some islands. The introduction and subsequent spread of the cattle egret, Bulbucus ibis, in the 1960s and 1970s was most likely closely associated with the dissemination of the TBT in the region. At the national or island level, variations in land use are believed to have had a major impact on the eradication efforts in the different islands. Two islands, Antigua and Nevis, both opted out of sugar production several decades ago for economic reasons. Unfortunately, however, land from former sugar estates was not developed for other agricultural purposes and it became "unimproved free-grazing" areas for livestock. Thus, in both Antigua and Nevis, large numbers of livestock tend to become feral or free-ranging, making compliance with the mandatory treatment schedules impossible. In contrast, St. Lucia has large tracts of land allocated to banana plantations and St. Kitts to sugar plantations. Thus, feral or free-ranging livestock were rarely a problem in these islands. These differences in land use management are compared and discussed in relation to their perceived profound impact on TBT eradication efforts in the region. C1 Caribbean Amblyomma Program, FAO, Bridgetown, Barbados. FAO, I-00100 Rome, Italy. USDA, ARS, Tick Res Unit, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Pegram, R (reprint author), Caribbean Amblyomma Program, FAO, POB 631C, Bridgetown, Barbados. EM rpegram@cgnet.com NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-504-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2004 VL 1026 BP 302 EP 311 DI 10.1196/annals.1307.047 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Tropical Medicine; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Tropical Medicine; Veterinary Sciences GA BBO56 UT WOS:000226725500047 PM 15604510 ER PT J AU Grusak, MA Randy, BR Yousef, GG Erdman, JW Lila, MA AF Grusak, MA Randy, BR Yousef, GG Erdman, JW Lila, MA TI An enclosed-chamber labeling system for the safe C-14-enrichment of phytochemicals in plant cell suspension cultures SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE flavonoids; radiolabel; Vaccinium pahalae; ohelo berry; Vitis vinifera; grape ID ANTHOCYANIN PRODUCTION; BETA-CAROTENE; FLAVONOIDS; HEALTH; PROANTHOCYANIDINS; BIOSYNTHESIS; POLYPHENOLS; HUMANS; TANNIN AB Various plant secondary products have been implicated in the promotion of good health or the prevention of disease in humans, but little-is known about the way they are absorbed in the gut, or in which tissues they are deposited throughout the body. While these issues could be studied if the phytochemicals were isotopically labeled, generating labeled molecules often is problematic because many compounds of interest can be synthesized only in planta at present. In order to generate C-14-labeled phytochemicals of high radioactive enrichment, we developed an enclosed-chamber labeling system in which cell suspension cultures can be safely and efficiently grown when supplied with C-14-enriched precursors. The system. is designed to hold culture flasks within a clear, polyacrylic compartment that is affixed to the top of a rotary shaker. The flow-through gas exchange nature of the system allows for O-2 replenishment and complete capture of respired (CO2)-C-14 throughout the entire period of cell culture. Air is circulated internally with the aid of a small fan, and chamber air temperature is monitored continuously with an internal temperature probe and data logger. Production runs of 12-14d with Vaccinium pahalae (ohello berry) and Vitis vinifera (grape) suspension cultures, using [C-14]sucrose as the carbon source, demonstrated a 20-23% efficiency of C-14 incorporation into the flavonoid-rich fractions. Further studies with ohelo cell cultures showed that flavonoids were produced with either sucrose or glucose as the carbohydrate source, although flavonoid productivity (measured as anthocyanins) was higher with sucrose. This comprehensive chamber system should have broad applicability with numerous cell types and can be used to generate a wide array of labeled phytochemicals. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Nutr Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Grusak, MA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mgrusak@bcm.tmc.edu NR 31 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 40 IS 1 BP 80 EP 85 DI 10.1079/IVP2003484 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 806JX UT WOS:000220431300010 ER PT J AU Lawton, JW Shogren, RL Tiefenbacher, KF AF Lawton, JW Shogren, RL Tiefenbacher, KF TI Aspen fiber addition improves the mechanical properties of baked cornstarch foams SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE starch; foam; biodegradable; packaging ID STARCH FOAMS; BAKING PROCESS AB Recently, there have been efforts to manufacture single-use articles, such as fast food packaging and containers, from biodegradable materials. Starch-based foams have been developed to replace the expanded polystyrene foam packaging currently in use. Starch-based foams are water sensitive, and thus, their mechanical properties are susceptible to changes in relative humidity. In this report, aspen fiber was added to baked cornstarch foams to improve its mechanical properties. Foam trays were made with fiber content of the batter ranging from 2.5 to 45%. The starch-fiber composite foam trays were formed by heating a starch-based batter inside a closed mold. The trays were stored at different relative humidities (5, 20, 50, 81, and 93%) for I week prior to mechanical testing. Aspen fiber increased the baking time needed to make a complete tray. Batters containing greater than 15% fiber needed to be added in higher amounts to the mold to make complete trays. The strength of the foam trays increased as fiber content of the trays increased, until fiber content reached about 15%. Trays containing between 15 and 30% fibers had no significant difference in tray strength. Trays containing more than 30% fiber had lower tray strength. The lower tray strength was thought to be due to the lack of uniform fiber distribution at high fiber content. Displacement of the trays at break was also affected by fiber content. The effect of fiber on displacement at break was greatest at extreme relative humidities. At low humidity (5%) displacement at break went from 2.2 to 5.4 mm as fiber content increased from 2.5 to 40%. Displacement at break increased from 9 to 20 mm as the fiber content increased from 2.5 to 40% for trays stored at 93% relative humidity. Fiber content did not effect displacement at break for trays stored at moderate relative humidities. Fiber content of 15% was adequate to increase the tray strength. Greater amounts of fiber (up to 30%) can be added without detrimental affects to strength, but increasing fiber above 15% increased baking time and increased the amount of batter needed to make a complete tray. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Franz Haas Machinery Amer, Richmond, VA 23231 USA. RP Lawton, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 9 TC 44 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(03)00079-7 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 759LT UT WOS:000187739700005 ER PT J AU Dittmer, NT Suderman, RJ Jiang, HB Zhu, YC Gorman, MJ Kramer, KJ Kanost, MR AF Dittmer, NT Suderman, RJ Jiang, HB Zhu, YC Gorman, MJ Kramer, KJ Kanost, MR TI Characterization of cDNAs encoding putative laccase-like multicopper oxidases and developmental expression in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, and the malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blue copper oxidase; cuticle; epidermis; exoskeleton; multicopper oxidase; phenoloxidase; sclerotization ID CHITIN-BINDING PROTEINS; FUNGAL LACCASES; CUTICULAR PHENOLOXIDASE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; CUTICLE SCLEROTIZATION; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; LUCILIA-CUPRINA; O-GLYCOSYLATION; GENOME SEQUENCE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE AB Laccase (EC 1.10.3.2) is an enzyme with p-diphenol oxidase activity that is a member of a group of proteins collectively known as multicopper, or blue copper, oxidases. Laccase is hypothesized to play an important role in insect cuticle sclerotization by oxidizing catechols in the cuticle to their corresponding quinones, which then catalyze protein cross-linking reactions. To facilitate studies of the structure, function and regulation of insect laccases, we have cloned two cDNAs for laccases from the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (MsLac1 and 2), and one from the malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae (AgLac1). The MsLac1 and 2 cDNAs encode proteins of 801 amino acids (aa) and 760 aa, respectively, while the AgLac1 cDNA encodes a protein of 1009 aa. All three cDNAs contain putative secretion signal sequences, and the 10 histidines and one cysteine that form the copper-binding centers, as well as a methionine in the T1 copper center. Novel to the insect laccases, relative to both fungal and plant laccases, is a longer amino-terminal sequence characterized by a unique domain consisting of several conserved cysteine, aromatic, and charged residues. Northern blot analyses identified single transcripts of approximately 3.6, 3.5, and 4.4 kb for MsLac1, MsLac2, and AgLac1, respectively, and also showed that AgLac1 was expressed in all life stages of the mosquito. RT-PCR revealed that the MsLac1 transcript was most abundant in the midgut, Malpighian tubules, and epidermis, whereas the MsLac2 transcript was most abundant in the epidermis. MsLac2 showed strong expression in the pharate pupal and reduced expression in the early pupal epidermis, consistent with the laccases' presumed role in cuticle sclerotization. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Kanost, MR (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, 104 Willard Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM kanost@ksu.edu RI Jiang, Haobo/A-6519-2008 NR 79 TC 93 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 34 IS 1 BP 29 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2003.08.003 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 772UT UT WOS:000188860500003 PM 14723895 ER PT S AU Vachal, K Reichert, H Van Wechel, T AF Vachal, K Reichert, H Van Wechel, T GP TRB TI US containerized grain and oilseed exports - Industry survey SO INTERMODAL FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION; FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION PLANNING SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 83rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 11-15, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Transportat Res Board, US Dept Transportat, US Bur Transportat Stat, US Fed Aviat Adm, US Fed Highway Adm, US Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, US Fed Railroad Adm, US FedTransit Adm, US Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, US Res& Special Programs Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA AB Containerization has evolved from an industry serving niche markets to an industry creating niche market opportunities. Although the grain and oilseed industry is dominated by bulky, homogenized product marketing that is heavily reliant on economies of scale in delivering competitively priced commodities, technological advances, foreign market privatization, and declining global market transaction costs have supported diversification of this industry in niche markets such as small-volume containerized products. The findings of this research suggest that an established and growing U.S. shipper population is active in marketing containerized grains and oilseed products. A survey of shippers suggests that premiums for containerized grain and oilseed products are $5 per hundredweight, compared with premiums for the local bulk counterpart market. The net return to shippers is opaque as business practices and market fundamentals influence the costs associated with delivering the product to a customer overseas versus a local grain terminal or processor. Assuming that market activity is positively correlated to profitability, the grain and oilseed container shippers appear to be achieving acceptable levels of profit. Shippers report that container exports increased annually between 2000 and 2002, and they are projecting it will increase another 20% by 2005. Although many factors affect industry ability to realize this growth, shippers deem ocean freight rates as most crucial. Ocean liner routes and services, distance to container terminal, and foreign buyer information are also rated as having above-average importance. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Upper Great Plains Transportat Inst, Bismarck, ND 58506 USA. USDA, Transportat & Marketing Programs, Washington, DC 20250 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Upper Great Plains Transportat Inst, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Vachal, K (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Upper Great Plains Transportat Inst, POB 5587, Bismarck, ND 58506 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-09467-4 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2004 IS 1873 BP 120 EP 125 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BBQ95 UT WOS:000227334200014 ER PT J AU Liu, C Russell, RM Smith, DE Bronson, RT Milbury, PE Furukawa, S Wang, XD Blumberg, JB AF Liu, C Russell, RM Smith, DE Bronson, RT Milbury, PE Furukawa, S Wang, XD Blumberg, JB TI The effect of dietary glutathione and coenzyme Q(10) on the prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in mice SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR VITAMIN AND NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE glutathione; coenzyme Q; dextran sulfate sodium; inflammatory bowel disease; colitis; mice ID REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITES; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; CROHNS-DISEASE; BICINCHONINIC ACID; COLONIC MUCOSA; FREE-RADICALS; ANTIOXIDANT; CHEMILUMINESCENCE; PATHOGENESIS; UBIQUINONES AB Because reactive oxygen species have been implicated as mediators of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we evaluated the potential preventive and therapeutic effects of two dietary antioxidants, glutathione (GHS) and coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Fifty female 8-wk old Swiss-Webster mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups for a pre-treatment "prevention" study: (1) GSH (1% of diet); (2) CoQ(10) (200 mg/kg/d); (3) DSS only (3% of drinking water); (4) control (no treatment). The mice in groups 1 and 2 were fed with GSH or CoQ(10) for 21 wks, and mice in groups 1, 2 and 3 were provided DSS from wk 7 for 4 cycles (1 cycle = 1 wk DSS followed by 2-wk water). Another 50 mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups for a 21-wk "treatment" study where the mice in groups 1, 2, and 3 were administered DSS for 6 cycles (18 wks) to induce colitis. GSH and CoQ(10) were added from wk 7 until the completion of the protocol. Loose stools and hemocult positivity were modestly but significantly reduced with GSH or CoQ(10) at several periods during the intervention in both the prevention and treatment studies. In contrast, histological evaluation revealed increases in colonic dysplasia and ulceration with GSH or CoQ(10). Thus, in this mouse model, GSH and CoQ(10) appear to have a beneficial effect on acute signs of IBD, but may have an adverse impact on the chronic pathophysiology of the disease. Further studies using additional animal models are required to determine whether GSH or CoQ(10) provide a favorable or unfavorable benefit:risk ration in the prevention or treatment of IBD. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NutriQuest Inc, Chesterfield, MO USA. RP Liu, C (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM cliu@hnrc.tufts.edu NR 43 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9831 J9 INT J VITAM NUTR RES JI Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 74 IS 1 BP 74 EP 85 DI 10.1024/0300-9831.73.5.74 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 807AO UT WOS:000220474600009 PM 15060903 ER PT J AU Inglett, GE Carriere, CJ Maneepun, S Tungtrakul, P AF Inglett, GE Carriere, CJ Maneepun, S Tungtrakul, P TI A soluble fibre gel produced from rice bran and barley flour as a fat replacer in Asian foods SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coconut cream; dynamic rheological properties; proximate composition; saturated fat; scanning electron microscopy; sensory evaluation ID BETA-GLUCAN; AMYLODEXTRINS; LIPIDS AB A hydrocolloidal fibre composite made from rice bran and barley flour, called Ricetrim, was found to have similar rheological properties to coconut cream. Coconut cream displayed a very narrow region of linear viscoelastic behaviour, both above and below strain values of 0.1%, the oscillatory shear modulus dropped sharply with increasing strain, indicating non-linear viscoelastic behaviour. This region of linear viscoelastic behaviour extended to strains of 10%. When Ricetrim was substituted for coconut cream in Thai foods, it was found to produce acceptable products, but with lower saturated fat contents. Cookies, pumpkin pudding, layer cake, dip for pot crust, taro custard and saute chicken curry were produced with fat contents reduced by 47.8, 94.3, 59.8, 75.3, 61.3 and 60.6%, respectively. Some differences in flavour and texture were observed at the higher levels of substitution, but these differences appeared to present only small changes in the overall score of general acceptability, or suitability, of the fibre gel foods. Scanning electron micrographs of the pumpkin pudding revealed only small changes in their surfaces with Ricetrim addition, even at higher levels of substitution. C1 ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Kasetsart Univ, Inst Food Res & Prod Dev, Bangkok 10903, Thailand. RP Carriere, CJ (reprint author), ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-5423 J9 INT J FOOD SCI TECH JI Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.00739.x PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 755MB UT WOS:000187405700001 ER PT J AU Konuklar, G Inglett, GE Carriere, CJ Felker, FC AF Konuklar, G Inglett, GE Carriere, CJ Felker, FC TI Use of a beta-glucan hydrocolloidal suspension in the manufacture of low-fat Cheddar cheese: manufacture, composition, yield and microstructure SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cheesemilk; coagulation; dairy; microstructure; Nutrim; processing ID PRODUCTS; MILK; HOMOGENIZATION; PROTEOLYSIS; EXTRACTS; LEVEL; WOMEN; MEN AB Low-fat Cheddar cheese was manufactured using a beta-glucan, hydrocolloidal fat replacer denoted as Nutrim. The composition, production efficiency, microstructure, and utility of replacing fat with Nutrim were examined. Cheese samples (designated as Nutrim-I, and Nutrim-II) containing Nutrim were produced with mean fat levels of 6.84 and 3.47%, respectively. A low-fat cheese was also produced as a control with a mean fat level of 11.2%. Nutrim-II cheese had significantly higher moisture, salt, and ash contents as compared with the low-fat control cheese. The low-fat control cheese had a higher yield normalized for 54% moisture and 1.5% salt content as compared with the Nutrim-II cheese. Scanning electron microscopy revealed smaller and more uniform fat droplet voids in the Nutrim cheese than the low-fat control, and a more dense, noncontinuous background protein matrix with globular clusters suggesting a physical buffering afforded by the presence of the beta-glucan hydrocolloid or its associated water. C1 ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Konuklar, G (reprint author), ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-5423 J9 INT J FOOD SCI TECH JI Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 BP 109 EP 119 DI 10.1046/j.0950-5423.2003.00750.x PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 755MB UT WOS:000187405700012 ER PT J AU Siddaiah, M Lieberman, MA Prasad, NR Hughs, SE AF Siddaiah, M Lieberman, MA Prasad, NR Hughs, SE TI Automation in cotton ginning SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE AB This article discusses a framework for implementation of a machine vision-based system for on-line identification of trash objects commonly found in cotton. Soft computing techniques such as neural networks and fuzzy inference systems can classify trash objects into individual categories such as bark, stick, leaf, and pepper trash types with great accuracy. This identification of trash objects to individual categories can be used for the dynamic allocation of trash-extraction equipment during the ginning process. Such a system can be implemented in a modern gin to configure an optimal set of equipment during ginning to produce quality cotton. Classification of cotton in real time allows for an automated means for assignment of trash grades to cotton and could have a significant impact on the entire cotton industry. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. Klipsch Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Siddaiah, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. EM msiddaia@nmsu.edu; milieber@nmsu.edu; rprasad@nmsu.edu; shughs@nmsu.edu NR 25 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0884-8173 J9 INT J INTELL SYST JI Int. J. Intell. Syst. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1-2 BP 111 EP 129 DI 10.1002/int.10156 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 767GR UT WOS:000188432300010 ER PT J AU Jolliffe, D AF Jolliffe, D TI Extent of overweight among US children and adolescents from 1971 to 2000 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE child and adolescent overweight; body mass index; NHANES ID BODY-MASS INDEX; OBESITY; ADULTS; RISK AB CONTEXT: The prevalence of overweight (OW) among children in the United States has increased during the last three decades, but prevalence measures fail to reveal the extent to which OW children exceed the OW threshold. OBJECTIVE: To measure the amount by which OW children exceed the OW threshold. To examine the trend in this measure over the last three decades using data with measured weights and heights. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Data used for analysis are from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES) for persons between 2 and 19 y of age from 1971 to 2000. Anthropometric measures were obtained by trained health technicians, and the sample sizes range from 4037 in 1999 - 2000 to 10 590 in 1988 - 1994. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The extent of OW is measured as the average amount by which each child's body mass index (BMI) exceeds their age and gender-specific OW threshold. This measure is examined by sex, age group and race/ethnicity. The OW threshold for those aged 2 - 19 y is defined as at or above the 95th percentile of the sex-specific BMI for age growth charts. RESULTS: The extent of child OW has been increasing faster than the prevalence of child OW for all classifications considered in this paper, including the analysis by age, sex, race and ethnicity. The prevalence of OW for children aged 2 - 19 y increased by 182% between 1971 - 1971 and 1999 - 2000, while the extent of OW increased by 247% over the same time period. CONCLUSIONS: Unlike prevalence measures, the measure of the extent of child OW is sensitive to changes in the BMI distribution of the overweight. This analysis reveals that not only have more children become OW in the last three decades, but OW children have been getting heavier. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Jolliffe, D (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Room S-2059,1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RI Vollrath, Margarete/G-1297-2011 NR 15 TC 142 Z9 143 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 28 IS 1 BP 4 EP 9 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802421 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 760RX UT WOS:000187849200002 PM 14652618 ER PT J AU Clinton, BD Vose, JM Vroblesky, DA Harvey, GJ AF Clinton, BD Vose, JM Vroblesky, DA Harvey, GJ TI Determination of the relative uptake of ground vs. surface water by Populus deltoides during phytoremediation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE trichloroehtene; stable isotopes; xylem sapflux ID TREE; STAND; SAP; TRANSPIRATION; ROOTS AB The use of plants to remediate polluted groundwater is becoming an attractive alternative to more expensive traditional techniques. In order to adequately assess the effectiveness of the phytoremediation treatment, a clear understanding of water-use habits by the selected plant species is essential. We examined the relative uptake of surface water (i.e., precipitation) vs. groundwater by mature Populus deltoides by applying irrigation water at a rate equivalent to a 5-cm rain event. We used stable isotopes of hydrogen (D) and oxygen (O-18) to identify groundwater and surface water (irrigation water) in the xylem sap water. Pretreatment isotopic ratios of both deuterium and 180, ranked from heaviest to lightest, were irrigation water > groundwater > xylem sap. The discrepancy in preirrigation. isotopic signatures between groundwater and xylem sap suggests that in the absence of a surface source of water (i.e., between rain events) there is an unknown amount of water being extracted from sources other than groundwater (i.e., soil surface water). We examined changes in volumetric soil water content (%), total hourly sapflux rates, and trichloroethene (TCE) concentrations. Following the irrigation treatment, volumetric soil water increased by 86% and sapflux increased by as much as 61%. Isotopic signatures of the xylem sap became substantially heavier following irrigation, suggesting that the applied irrigation water was quickly taken up by the plants. TCE concentrations in the xylem sap were diluted by an average of 21 % following irrigation; however, dilution was low relative to the increase in sapflux. Our results show that water use by Populus deltoides is variable. Hence, studies addressing phytoremediation effectiveness must account for the relative proportion of surface vs. groundwater uptake. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, USDA, Otto, NC 28763 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC USA. USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Clinton, BD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, USDA, 3160 Coweeta Lab Rd, Otto, NC 28763 USA. EM bclinton@fs.fed.us NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2004 VL 6 IS 3 BP 239 EP 252 DI 10.1080/16226510490496438 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 859PU UT WOS:000224281200004 PM 15554476 ER PT J AU Fang, H Liang, S Chen, M Walthall, C Daughtry, C AF Fang, H Liang, S Chen, M Walthall, C Daughtry, C TI Statistical comparison of MISR, ETM plus and MODIS land surface reflectance and albedo products of the BARC land validation core site, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; NARROW-BAND; IMAGERY AB The Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra satellite are crucial for generation of other products such as the Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR) and Leaf Area Index (LAI). The analysis reported here compares the reflectance and albedo products from MODIS (MOD09 and MOD43B3), MISR and Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM)+ data using general statistical methods. Four MISR land surface products are examined: hemispherical-directional reflectance factors (HDRF), bidirectional reflectance factors (BRF), bi-hemispherical reflectance (BHR) and directional-hemispherical reflectance (DHR). Ground measurements were used to validate ETM+ reflectance and albedo products (30 m) which were then upscaled and compared with MISR products (1.1 km). The results from 11 May 2000, 5 December 2000 and 22 January 2001 show that: (1) under clear-sky conditions, MISR BRF and HDRF, BHR and DHR are nearly the same (R-2 >99%); (2) there are strong correlations between ETM+ surface reflectance and MISR nadir-view BRF; however, the relationship is affected by the cloud, snow and shadow; (3) in clear areas, MISR BRF is similar to MOD09, but is greater for the haze and snow regions and smaller for shadows; and (4) the MISR albedo product is closely related to the ETM+ and, to a lesser extent, MODIS. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Fang, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI liang, shunlin/C-2809-2015 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 2 BP 409 EP 422 DI 10.1080/0143116031000101666 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 758JB UT WOS:000187629800009 ER PT J AU Whitehead, TR Cotta, MA Collins, MD Lawson, PA AF Whitehead, TR Cotta, MA Collins, MD Lawson, PA TI Hespellia stercorisuis gen. nov., sp nov and Hespellia porcina sp nov., isolated from swine manure storage pits SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ODOROUS COMPONENTS; BACTERIA; VOLATILE; CULTURE; WASTES; GENERA AB Four Gram-positive-staining, strictly anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped organisms were isolated from a pig manure storage pit. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the isolates belonged to two related but distinct groups. Sequence analysis showed that the two groups of isolates were highly related to each other (approx. 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), forming a distinct cluster within the Clostridium coccoides suprageneric rDNA grouping. Biochemical and physiological studies confirmed the division of the isolates into two related, albeit distinct, groups. Based on both phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, it is proposed that the unidentified rod-shaped isolates from pig manure should be classified in a novel genus, Hespellia gen. nov., as Hespellia stercorisuis sp. nov. and Hespellia porcina sp. nov. The type species of the novel genus is H. stercorisuis (type strain, PC18(T) = NRRL B-23456(T) = CCUG 46279(T) = ATCC BAA-677(T)) and the type strain of H. porcina is PC80(T) (= NRRL B-23458(T) = ATCC BAA-674(T)). C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Reading, Sch Food Biosci, Reading RG6 6AP, Berks, England. RP Whitehead, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM whitehtr@ncaur.usda.gov RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009; Lawson, Paul/E-3760-2012; OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 54 BP 241 EP 245 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.02719-0 PN 1 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 777BR UT WOS:000189154700035 PM 14742487 ER PT J AU Stephens, SL Meixner, T Poth, M McGurk, B Payne, D AF Stephens, SL Meixner, T Poth, M McGurk, B Payne, D TI Prescribed fire, soils, and stream water chemistry in a watershed in the Lake Tahoe Basin, California SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE Sierra Nevada; mixed conifer forests; phosphorus; nutrients ID MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; SIERRA-NEVADA; JEFFREY PINE; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; VARIABILITY; TRANSPARENCY; ECOSYSTEMS; NUTRIENTS; HISTORY AB Before Euro-American settlement fire was a common process in the forests of the Lake Tahoe Basin. The combination of drought, fire suppression, and past harvesting has produced ecosystems that are susceptible to high-severity wildfires. Consequently, a program of prescribed fire has been recommended but there is incomplete understanding of the ecological effects of fuels treatments, especially with regard to how treatments will affect the flow of nutrients to Lake Tahoe. Nitrogen and phosphorus are the most important nutrients affecting algal growth, and thus lake clarity. Existing data demonstrate a long-term shift from a co-limitation by both nitrogen and phosphorus to phosphorus limitation. Two high-consumption, moderate-intensity prescribed fires were conducted to determine their effects on soil and stream water chemistry. Stream water calcium concentrations increased in burned watersheds whereas soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations were not significantly different. Prescribed fires released calcium and raised soil pH and this may have resulted in the incorporation of phosphorus into insoluble forms. Stream monitoring data indicates water quality effects last for similar to3 months. Prescribed fires did not significantly increase the amount of soluble reactive phosphorus in stream waters. However, additional research is needed to determine if prescribed fire increases erosion or movement of particulate P, particularly in areas with steep slopes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94701 USA. San Jose State Univ, Dept Environm Studies, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Stephens, SL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM stephens@nature.berkeley.edu NR 54 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 30 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2004 VL 13 IS 1 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1071/WF03002 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 810NF UT WOS:000220710300003 ER PT J AU Clark, TL Coen, J Latham, D AF Clark, TL Coen, J Latham, D TI Description of a coupled atmosphere-fire model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article ID METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS; SPREAD; FUEL AB This paper describes a coupled fire-atmosphere model that uses a sophisticated high-resolution non-hydrostatic numerical mesoscale model to predict the local winds which are then used as input to the prediction of fire spread. The heat and moisture fluxes from the fire are then fed back to the dynamics, allowing the fire to influence its own mesoscale winds that in turn affect the fire behavior. This model is viewed as a research model and as such requires a fireline propagation scheme that systematically converges with increasing spatial and temporal resolution. To achieve this, a local contour advection scheme was developed to track the fireline using four tracer particles per fuel cell, which define the area of burning fuel. Using the dynamically predicted winds along with the terrain slope and fuel characteristics, algorithms from the BEHAVE system are used to predict the spread rates. A mass loss rate calculation, based on results of the BURNUP fuel burnout model, is used to treat heat exchange between the fire and atmosphere. Tests were conducted with the uncoupled model to test the fire-spread algorithm under specified wind conditions for both spot and line fires. Using tall grass and chaparral, line fires were simulated employing the full fire atmosphere coupling. Results from two of these experiments show the effects of fire propagation over a small hill. As with previous coupled experiments, the present results show a number of features common to real fires. For example, we show how the well-recognized elliptical fireline shape is a direct result of fire-atmosphere interactions that produce the 'heading', 'flanking', and 'backing' regions of a wind-driven fire with their expected behavior. And, we see how perturbations upon this shape sometimes amplify to become fire whirls along the flanks, which are transported to the head of the fire where they may interact to produce erratic fire behavior. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. RP Clark, TL (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, 6339 Stores Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM tclark@eos.ubc.ca; djl@montana.com NR 21 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 10 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2004 VL 13 IS 1 BP 49 EP 63 DI 10.1071/WF03043 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 810NF UT WOS:000220710300005 ER PT J AU Reich, RM Lundquist, JE Bravo, VA AF Reich, RM Lundquist, JE Bravo, VA TI Spatial models for estimating fuel loads in the Black Hills, South Dakota, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE binary regression trees; cross-validation; fuels; fuel loading; fuel variability; Landsat imagery ID SOIL PROPERTIES; NATIONAL-PARK; FIRE; GIS; SATELLITE; AREA AB Fire suppression has increased fuel loadings and fuel continuity in many forested ecosystems, resulting in forest structures that are vulnerable to catastrophic fire. This paper describes the statistical properties of models developed to describe the spatial variability in forest fuels on the Black Hills National Forest, South Dakota. Forest fuel loadings (tonnes/ha) are modeled to a 30 m resolution using a combination of trend surface models to describe the coarse-scale variability in forest fuel, and binary regression trees to describe the fine-scale variability associated with site-specific variability in forest fuels. Independent variables used in the models included various Landsat TM bands, forest class, elevation, slope, and aspect. The models accounted for 55% to 72% of the variability in forest fuels. In spite of having highly skewed distributions, cross-validation showed the models to have nominal prediction bias. This paper also evaluates the feasibility of using the estimation error variance to explain estimation uncertainty. The models are allowing us to study the influence of small-scale disturbances on forest fuel loadings and diversity of resident and migratory birds on the Black Hills National Forest. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Reich, RM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM robin@cnr.colostate.edu; jlundquist@fs.fed.us; vbravo@cnr.colostate.edu NR 47 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 8 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2004 VL 13 IS 1 BP 119 EP 129 DI 10.1071/WF02049 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 810NF UT WOS:000220710300011 ER PT J AU Preisler, HK Brillinger, DR Burgan, RE Benoit, JW AF Preisler, HK Brillinger, DR Burgan, RE Benoit, JW TI Probability based models for estimation of wildfire risk SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fire danger indices; fire occurrence probabilities; fire weather; forest fires; non-parametric regression; Oregon; spatial-temporal model ID FOREST-FIRE OCCURRENCE; FREQUENCY AB We present a probability-based model for estimating fire risk. Risk is defined using three probabilities: the probability of fire occurrence; the conditional probability of a large fire given ignition; and the unconditional probability of a large fire. The model is based on grouped data at the 1 km(2)-day cell level. We fit a spatially and temporally explicit non-parametric logistic regression to the grouped data. The probability framework is particularly useful for assessing the utility of explanatory variables, such as fire weather and danger indices for predicting fire risk. The model may also be used to produce maps of predicted probabilities and to estimate the total number of expected fires, or large fires, in a given region and time period. As an example we use historic data from the State of Oregon to study the significance and the forms of relationships between some of the commonly used weather and danger variables on the probabilities of fire. We also produce maps of predicted probabilities for the State of Oregon. Graphs of monthly total numbers of fires are also produced for a small region in Oregon, as an example, and expected numbers are compared to actual numbers of fires for the period 1989-1996. The fits appear to be reasonable; however, the standard errors are large indicating the need for additional weather or topographic variables. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside Fire Lab, Riverside, CA USA. RP Preisler, HK (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 800 Buchanan St,W Annex, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM hpreisler@fs.fed.us; brill@stat.berkeley.edu NR 28 TC 115 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 20 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2004 VL 13 IS 2 BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.1071/WF02061 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 833OS UT WOS:000222348100001 ER PT J AU Iverson, LR Yaussy, DA Rebbeck, J Hutchinson, TF Long, RP Prasad, AM AF Iverson, LR Yaussy, DA Rebbeck, J Hutchinson, TF Long, RP Prasad, AM TI A comparison of thermocouples and temperature paints to monitor spatial and temporal characteristics of landscape-scale prescribed fires SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE animation of fire; fire intensity; oak forests; oak regeneration; Ohio ID LONGLEAF PINE SAVANNAS; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; FOREST; USA AB A method to better monitor landscape-level fire characteristics is presented. Three study areas in southern Ohio oak-hickory (Quercus-Carya) forests were established with four treatment areas of similar to20 ha each: control (C), burn only (B), thin only (T) or thin plus burn (TB). Two independent measures useful for qualitatively characterising fire intensity were established on a 50-m grid, resulting in over 120 sampling locations at each site, in the burned areas: aluminum tags painted with temperature-sensitive paints, and logger-probe units that logged probe temperature every 2 s during burns. Fires were conducted in spring 2001. The logger-probe units allowed five measures qualitatively related to fire intensity or timing to be calculated at each grid point: maximum probe temperature; duration of probe temperature above 30degreesC; a heat index, defined as the summed temperatures above 30degreesC; time of maximum temperature; and estimated rate of spread. Maximum temperatures recorded by the two measuring systems were highly correlated (r(2)=0.83). Relative to painted tags, logger-probe units provide information useful for assessing some other components of fire behaviour. The temporal recording of temperatures allowed us to prepare a web-based simulation of the fires. Heat index and rate of spread estimates provided additional fire information. The TB units consistently burned cooler than the B units, perhaps because of uncured slash and a disrupted fuel bed in those units. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Iverson, LR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, 359 Main St, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM liverson@fs.fed.us RI Iverson, Louis/C-7554-2009 OI Iverson, Louis/0000-0001-9501-471X NR 43 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 10 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2004 VL 13 IS 3 BP 311 EP 322 DI 10.1071/WF03063 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 871VZ UT WOS:000225166000006 ER PT J AU Robichaud, PR Gasvoda, DS Hungerford, RD Bilskie, J Ashmun, LE Reardon, J AF Robichaud, PR Gasvoda, DS Hungerford, RD Bilskie, J Ashmun, LE Reardon, J TI Measuring duff moisture content in the field using a portable meter sensitive to dielectric permittivity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE duff moisture meter; forest floor; frequency domain reflectometry (FDR); prescribed fire; time domain reflectometry (TDR) ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; SOIL-WATER CONTENT; ELECTROMAGNETIC DETERMINATION; TRANSMISSION-LINES; TDR CALIBRATION; PROBES; SURFACE; FIRE AB Duff water content is an important consideration for fire managers when determining favourable timing for prescribed fire ignition. The duff consumption during burning depends largely on the duff water content at the time of ignition. A portable duff moisture meter was developed for real-time water content measurements of non-homogenous material such as forest duff. Using circuitry developed from time and frequency domain reflectometry (TDR and FDR) technologies, this sensor measures a change in frequency that is responsive to the dielectric permittivity of the duff material placed in a sample chamber and compressed. Duff samples from four forest cover types-Douglas fir, larch, lodgepole pine and spruce/alpine fir-were used to calibrate the frequency output to volumetric water content. A second-order polynomial (R-2=0.97) provides the best fit of the data to volumetric water content. The accuracy of the duff moisture meter is +/-1.5% at 30% volumetric water content and +/-4% at 60% volumetric water content. The volumetric water content can readily be converted to gravimetric water content, which is used more frequently by fire managers and as an input to predictive models of duff consumption. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. US Forest Serv, Missoula Technol & Dev Ctr, USDA, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, USDA, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. Campbell Sci Inc, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Robichaud, PR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM probichaud@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2004 VL 13 IS 3 BP 343 EP 353 DI 10.1071/WF03072 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 871VZ UT WOS:000225166000009 ER PT J AU Behm, AL Duryea, ML Long, AJ Zipperer, WC AF Behm, AL Duryea, ML Long, AJ Zipperer, WC TI Flammability of native understory species in pine flatwood and hardwood hammock ecosystems and implications for the wildland-urban interface SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE Callicarpa americana; energy content; firewise landscaping; Gaylussacia dumosa; Ilex glabra; Ilex opaca; Lyonia ferruginea; Myrica cerifera; Quercus nigra; Serenoa repens; Vaccinium arboreum; Vaccinium myrsinites; wildland-urban interface ID FUEL COMPONENTS; FOREST FUELS; HEAT-CONTENT; FIRE; EVOLUTION AB Six understory species from five pine flatwood sites and six understory species from five hardwood hammock sites were harvested for biomass analyses to compare potential flammability between two ecosystems in the south-eastern coastal plain of the United States. Plant components were separated into live and dead foliage, accumulated litter on and under the plant, and small and large stems. Foliar biomass was further analysed for moisture content, volatile solid content, and energy content. Statistical analyses revealed differences among species and between ecosystems. Serenoa repens plants present a wildfire hazard because they contain greater biomass than other species studied. Ilex glabra and Lyonia ferruginea are also hazardous to wildland-urban interface (WUI) structures because they have greater foliar energy content than other species studied. Callicarpa americana plants present the least wildfire hazard to WUI structures. We conclude that differences in flammability among species exist, but the causes of flammability are different among species. In addition, species in the same genus do not always have the same flammability. Based on measured characteristics, understory plants in pine flatwoods have greater ignitability, sustainability and combustibility than understory plants in hardwood hammocks. However, the measurements for consumability were similar between ecosystems. C1 Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Forest Serv, So Ctr Wildland Urban Interface Res & Informat, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. RP Duryea, ML (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, POB 110200, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM mlduryea@ufl.edu NR 36 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 48 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2004 VL 13 IS 3 BP 355 EP 365 DI 10.1071/WF03075 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 871VZ UT WOS:000225166000010 ER PT J AU Massman, WJ Frank, JM AF Massman, WJ Frank, JM TI Effect of a controlled burn on the thermophysical properties of a dry soil using a new model of soil heat flow and a new high temperature heat flux sensor SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fuel management; modeling periodic soil heat flow; slash; soil heat flux measurements during fires; soil thermal conductivity; soil volumetric specific heat capacity ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; WATER-CONTENT; FIRE; INTENSITY; AUSTRALIA; TRANSPORT; WILDFIRE; WAVE AB Some fires can be beneficial to soils but, if a fire is sufficiently intense, soil can be irreversible altered. We measured soil temperatures and heat fluxes at several soil depths before, during, and after a controlled surface burn at Manitou Experimental Forest (southern Colorado, USA) to evaluate its effects on the soil's thermophysical properties (thermal conductivity and volumetric specific heat capacity). During the burn the soil was heated to over 400degreesC at a depth of 0.02 m and to almost 100degreesC at 0.30 m. Relatively high temperatures persisted for several hours to days even over 1 m deep into the soil. At these intensities and durations significant changes in soil chemistry, structure, and nutrient cycling are likely. However, soil thermophysical properties, estimated before and after the fire with a new model of periodic heat flow in soils, were not significantly changed between the times shortly after sensor installation (October 2001) and 1 month after the fire (February 2002). Estimates of the soil thermophysical properties derived with the new model underestimate laboratory analyses performed on soil samples obtained after the fire. Also presented in this study are some of the first soil heat flux measurements made during a surface fire. Furthermore, data and analyses of the type discussed in this study should aid modeling studies of the soil thermal pulse associated with fire. The ultimate goal of this experiment was to provide tools to assist land managers in the use of prescribed fire to benefit ecosystems and to reduce the potential for harm by examining how the soil's physical properties and different fuel amounts, geometries, and loading densities influence soil recovery and forest regeneration after fires. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Massman, WJ (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM wmassman@fs.fed.us NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 15 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2004 VL 13 IS 4 BP 427 EP 442 DI 10.1071/WF04018 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 879JM UT WOS:000225714100004 ER PT S AU Cleghorn, DA Ferro, DN Flinn, PW Nablo, SV AF Cleghorn, DA Ferro, DN Flinn, PW Nablo, SV BE Komolprasert, V Morehouse, KM TI Electron beam fluidized bed processing of foodstuffs SO IRRADIATION OF FOOD AND PACKAGING: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Food Irradiation and Packing for Irradiated Food CY AUG 18-22, 2002 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID BOSTRICHIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB The application of EBFB process for insect pest management in stored products offers the advantages of a physical, in-line process, potentially effective at all life stages (unlike fumigants that perform poorly on eggs). The challenge is the ability of the energetic electrons to reach life stages of the insect (largely larval), which may be living deep inside the endosperm of the seed. This work has concentrated on the rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) and the lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica). The larvae of both species are "internal feeders" in grain, notably in wheat, corn and rice. Results are presented for efficacy of the EBFB process as a function of energy and dose for all life stages of these insects. Examples are presented of the application of the insect. population growth models developed at the USDA-ARS (Grain Marketing and Production Research Center) which were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the process when used on stored products (winter wheat) containing mixed life stages of R. dominica. (C) 2004 American Chemical Society. C1 Electron Proc Syst Inc, N Billerica, MA 01862 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Cleghorn, DA (reprint author), Electron Proc Syst Inc, 6 Execut Pk Dr, N Billerica, MA 01862 USA. RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3869-3 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2004 VL 875 BP 27 EP 42 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Polymer Science GA BY69K UT WOS:000189440600003 ER PT S AU Sommers, CH Keser, N Fan, XT Wallace, FM Novak, JS Handel, AP Niemira, BA AF Sommers, CH Keser, N Fan, XT Wallace, FM Novak, JS Handel, AP Niemira, BA BE Komolprasert, V Morehouse, KM TI Irradiation of ready-to-eat meats: Eliminating Listeria monocytogenes while maintaining product quality SO IRRADIATION OF FOOD AND PACKAGING: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Food Irradiation and Packing for Irradiated Food CY AUG 18-22, 2002 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IONIZING-RADIATION; GAMMA-RADIATION; SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS; TURKEY BREAST; REFRIGERATED STORAGE; LIPID OXIDATION; UNITED-STATES; BEEF BOLOGNA; LACI GENE AB Listeria monocytogenes, a food-borne pathogen, is a common contaminant on ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products such as frankfurters, bologna, ham and deli turkey meat. A number of food-borne illness outbreaks have been attributed to this microorganism. Since 1998, over 90 million pounds of RTE meats have been recalled due to contamination with L. monocytogenes. Ionizing radiation can eliminate L. monocytogenes from RTE meat products. The radiation resistance of L. monocytogenes is dependent on the RTE meat formulation and the genetic characteristics of the contaminating strain. Ionizing radiation can also impact product quality factors including color, lipid oxidation, and generation of volatile sulfur compounds and hydrocarbons. As with elimination of microorganisms, effects of ionizing radiation on product quality are also product specific. (C) 2004 American Chemical Society. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Biosci & Biotechnol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Sommers, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 56 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3869-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2004 VL 875 BP 77 EP 89 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Polymer Science GA BY69K UT WOS:000189440600005 ER PT S AU Rajkowski, KT Fan, XT AF Rajkowski, KT Fan, XT BE Komolprasert, V Morehouse, KM TI Ionizing radiation of seeds and sprouts: A review: Irradiated seeds and sprouts SO IRRADIATION OF FOOD AND PACKAGING: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Food Irradiation and Packing for Irradiated Food CY AUG 18-22, 2002 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; DOSE GAMMA-IRRADIATION; CUT ICEBERG LETTUCE; ALFALFA SEEDS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; NUTRIENT COMPOSITION; QUALITY; GERMINATION; SALMONELLA; VEGETABLES AB The sprout seeds used for human consumption are the suspect carrier of bacterial pathogens (Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7), which can cause sprout related food home illnesses. In 2000, irradiation to doses up to 8 kGy was approved for sprout seeds as a control. Literature exists on the effect of radiation to reduce pathogens on meat and poultry products; however, literature on pathogen reduction on seeds and sprouts by ionizing radiation is limited. Review of the research results on irradiated seeds indicates that each seed variety's germination and growth are affected differently by irradiation. Under the disinfection ruling, irradiation is approved up to I kGy for vegetable but not for pathogen reduction. There is a petition for ready-to-eat foods that would permit the use of irradiation to a maximum dose of 4.5 kGy on fresh sprouts. Research has shown that the irradiation process is a promising technology to increase shelf-life of fresh vegetables and sprouts and reduce bacterial pathogen contamination. Future areas of research are outlined for both raw sprout and sprout seeds to identify the approach of providing a safer product for the consumer. (C) 2004 American Chemical Society. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Rajkowski, KT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3869-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2004 VL 875 BP 107 EP 116 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Polymer Science GA BY69K UT WOS:000189440600007 ER PT S AU Fan, XT Niemira, BA Thayer, DW AF Fan, XT Niemira, BA Thayer, DW BE Komolprasert, V Morehouse, KM TI Low-dose ionizing radiation of fruit juices: Benefits and concerns SO IRRADIATION OF FOOD AND PACKAGING: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Food Irradiation and Packing for Irradiated Food CY AUG 18-22, 2002 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; IRRADIATED ORANGE JUICE; APPLE JUICE; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS; MALONALDEHYDE; CONCENTRATE; SENSITIVITY; QUALITY AB Ionizing radiation of fruit juice has been studied for a half century. Low dose radiation effectively inactivates foodborne pathogens, and reduces patulin (a mycotoxin) and brownness. However, irradiation induces undesirable chemical changes, such as accumulations of malondialdehyde, formaldehyde, and tetrahydrofuran. Published literature on negative flavor change of juice due to low dose radiation is contradictory. Evidence exists concerning the involvement of volatile sulfur compounds in the development of off-flavor. Many of the undesirable effects of irradiation can be reduced by conducting irradiation at low temperature, by addition of antioxidants, and by combining irradiation with other techniques and treatments, such as mild heating and use of antimicrobials. U.S. government work. Published 2004 American Chemical Society. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 72 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3869-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2004 VL 875 BP 138 EP 150 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Polymer Science GA BY69K UT WOS:000189440600009 ER PT S AU Kirkbride, JHJ Gunn, CR Dallwitz, MJ AF Kirkbride, JHJ Gunn, CR Dallwitz, MJ BE Nicola, S Nowak, J Vavrina, CS TI Interactive identification to genus of legume (Fabaceae) fruits and seeds via the internet SO ISSUES AND ADVANCES IN TRANSPLANT PRODUCTION AND STAND ESTABLISHMENT RESEARCH SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE expert system; knowledge base; DELTA format; intkey; data querying AB The legume (or Fabaceae) family has 686 genera and more than 17 600 species. Fruit data (157 characters) were collected for 669 genera, seed data (127 characters) for 655 genera and distributional data (six characters) for all genera. Our final data matrix had 105 033 items of fruit data, 83 185 items of seed data, and 4122 items of distributional data. Approximately 1360 images were attached to the genera, and 205 images to individual characters. The knowledge base in combination with the Intkey software program on microcomputers can be used for: 1) identification of legume seeds and fruits to genus through interaction between users and the knowledge base with characteristics of the user's choice; and 2) retrieval of information concerning seeds, fruits, and distribution of legume genera, adapted to the specific needs of each user. C1 ARS, USDA, Systamat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kirkbride, JHJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Systamat Bot & Mycol Lab, Rm 304,Bldg 011A,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-557-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2004 IS 631 BP 55 EP 61 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BAC71 UT WOS:000221575600006 ER PT S AU Makus, DJ AF Makus, DJ BE Nicola, S Nowak, J Vavrina, CS TI Mycorrhizal inoculation of tomato and onion transplants improves earliness SO ISSUES AND ADVANCES IN TRANSPLANT PRODUCTION AND STAND ESTABLISHMENT RESEARCH SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE Lycopericon esculentum; Allium cepa; Glomes intraradices ID GROWTH; INFECTION; FUNGI AB Field experiments were conducted near Weslaco, Texas (Lat. 26degrees 8' N) between 1999 and 2001 to evaluate the field performance of pre- and post-mycorrhizal inoculations of tomato and onion (2001 only) transplants. In 1999 'Heatmaster' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants were inoculated with Glomes intraradices (Reforestation Technologies, Salinas, CA) at transplanting; in 2000 'Heatmaster' and 'Florida 47' plants were treated at transplanting and exposed to two irrigation regimes; and in 2001 'Heatmaster' plants were either pre- or posttransplant inoculated and grown in a light (Hebbronville) or heavy (Raymondville) textured soil. In all years, cumulative fruit yield by the second and/or third harvest were significantly greater with mycorrhizal-treated plants, but final season yield, fruit number and average fruit weight were usually similar to untreated controls. Marketable yield and fruit number tended to improve when plants were treated with mycorrhizae. Onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars Granex 1015Y and Terlingua inoculated with mycorrhizae in a seedling mix or at transplanting and planted in Hebbronville and Raymondville soils improved bulb yields and accelerated maturation, but bulb soluble solids at harvest were similar when compared to uninoculated plants. Bulbs from mycorrhizal-treated plants were more uniform in diameter. Bulbs stored at 13.2degreesC for 120 days suffered less soluble solids and weight loss if they were from mycorrhizal-treated plants. Bulb sprouting was not affected by any treatment. C1 USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Makus, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 6 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-557-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2004 IS 631 BP 275 EP 281 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BAC71 UT WOS:000221575600034 ER PT J AU Biresaw, G Carriere, CJ AF Biresaw, G Carriere, CJ TI Surface energy parameters of polymers from directly measured interfacial tension with probe polymers SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polymer blends; surface energy parameters; dispersion surface energy component polar surface energy component compatibility; wettability method; interfacial tension; imbedded fiber retraction (IFR) polystyrene; poly(methyl methacrylate); polycaprolactone ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; BLENDS; POLYCAPROLACTONE; COPOLYMERS; ADHESION; FIBERS AB The surface energy parameters of polycaprolactone (PCL) were determined at 160 and 180degreesC front its interfacial tensions with probe polymers. The probe polymers were polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). This method is based on the well-known relationship between blend interfacial tension and polymer surface energy parameters, and requires the use of at least two probe polymers. whose surface energy parameters at the temperature of interest have been independently determined. It also requires direct measurement of blend interfacial tension at the high temperatures of interest. The interfacial tensions were obtained front direct measurements by the imbedded fiber retraction method. The following results were obtained: (a) y(P) (polar component) values for PCL was within the range reported using other methods. (b) y(D) (dispersion component) values for PCL decreased with increasing temperature. consistent with expectations and (c) y(D) values for PCL were on the high end. hot Still within the rather broad range of reported values. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Proc & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Biresaw, G (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Proc & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM biresawg@ncaur.usda.gov NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4243 J9 J ADHES SCI TECHNOL JI J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. PY 2004 VL 18 IS 14 BP 1675 EP 1685 DI 10.1163/1568561042411277 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 885NY UT WOS:000226165400007 ER PT J AU Kindler, D Hesler, L Elliott, N Shufran, K Springer, T AF Kindler, D Hesler, L Elliott, N Shufran, K Springer, T TI Cereal and grass hosts of the rice root aphid, Rhopalosiphum ruflabdominalis (Sasaki), and a description of an efficient greenhouse rearing technique SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cultivated cereals; forage grasses; plant hosts; rearing technique ID YELLOW DWARF VIRUS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; HOMOPTERA; WHEAT; VECTORS AB The rice root aphid, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis (Sasaki) (Homoptera: Aphididae), infests wheat in the southern states. Little is known about the aphid's alternate hosts or appropriate techniques for rearing the aphid. A low-cost technique for large scale rearing of the rice root aphid was developed using a soil-based medium with cedar chips used to cover seeds of the host plant ('Elbon' rye). This approach, which requires minimal labor and no specialized equipment, was used to rear rice root aphids for use in greenhouse tests to evaluate survival and reproduction on selected grasses and cultivated cereals. 'Elbon' cereal rye and Altai wildrye were determined to be the most suitable hosts among 15 on the basis of reproductive rates and aphid survival. These cereals were followed by TAM 110 wheat, OK 91806 barley, and 'Okay' oats. Rice and sorghum were poor hosts, whereas corn was a nonhost. Generally, grasses were inferior hosts for rice root aphids when compared with cultivated cereals. The results of the present study indicate that this aphid can infest numerous cultivated and uncultivated Graminae and suggest that further research is warranted to determine the status of the rice root aphid as an economic pest of cultivated cereals. C1 USDA, ARS, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Kindler, D (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Res Lab, 1301 N Western St, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 USA SN 1523-5475 J9 J AGR URBAN ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Urban Entomol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 21 IS 1 BP 51 EP 59 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 885UO UT WOS:000226182800006 ER PT J AU Smith, JR AF Smith, JR TI Selection protocols for increased yield and stress tolerance in common bean SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article DE common bean; Phaseolus vulgaris; short-row plots; stress; yield selection ID FUSARIUM ROOT-ROT; RESISTANCE; GENOTYPES AB Selection protocols are needed to assess yield potential and stress tolerance among diverse common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) progenies derived from wide crosses. The objective of this study was to assess the value of using geometric means of stressed and non-stressed yield trials and deviations from regression of stressed yield regressed onto non-stressed yield to select for yield potential and stress tolerance among highly diverse common bean lines. Short single-row plots in multiple environments (stressed and non-stressed) were used for evaluation. Seed yield was measured for forty-eight diverse common bean lines grown in four field trials in Puerto Rico. Two trials were stressed with soil compaction, waterlogged soil, and a bean monoculture, whereas the other two trials (non-stressed) did not receive the above stress treatment. Geometric means were effective in differentiating the highest yielding lines across environments. Deviations from regression were effective in identifying lines with stress tolerance, but not necessarily so in identifying tolerant lines with yield potential. In many instances, selection based on geometric means and deviations from regression identified different lines. On the basis of the evaluation of these 48 diverse lines, geometric means of multiple environments (stress and non-stress) are recommended for the yield evaluation of highly diverse progenies from wide crosses. C1 USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Smith, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 141 Expt Stn Rd,POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rsmith@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLL AGRICULTURAL SCI, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STN PI RIO PIEDRAS PA UNIV PUERTO RICO, MAYAGUEZ CAMPUS, RIO PIEDRAS, PR 00928 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JAN-APR PY 2004 VL 88 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 43 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 921NQ UT WOS:000228771700003 ER PT J AU Zapata, M Freytag, G Wilkinson, R AF Zapata, M Freytag, G Wilkinson, R TI Release of five common bean germplasm lines resistant to common bacterial blight: W-BB-11, W-BB-20-1, W-BB-35, W-BB-52, and W-BB-11-56 SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Crop Protect, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. USDA ARS, TARS, Mayaguez, PR USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Zapata, M (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Crop Protect, POB 9030, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU COLL AGRICULTURAL SCI, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STN PI RIO PIEDRAS PA UNIV PUERTO RICO, MAYAGUEZ CAMPUS, RIO PIEDRAS, PR 00928 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JAN-APR PY 2004 VL 88 IS 1-2 BP 91 EP 95 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 921NQ UT WOS:000228771700007 ER PT J AU Yang, L Sturgeon, RE Wolf, WR Goldschmidt, RJ Mester, Z AF Yang, L Sturgeon, RE Wolf, WR Goldschmidt, RJ Mester, Z TI Determination of selenomethionine in yeast using CNBr derivatization and species specific isotope dilution GC ICP-MS and GC-MS SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CYANOGEN-BROMIDE; SELENIUM SPECIATION; SAMPLE PREPARATION; SELENOAMINO ACIDS; FOOD SUPPLEMENTS; HPLC SEPARATION; RISK AB A comparison of several published and in- house methods for quantitation of selenomethionine ( SeMet) in yeast was undertaken using species specific isotope dilution ( ID) with a Se-74 enriched SeMet. An in- house method was based on digestion of samples by refluxing for 16 h with 4 M methanesulfonic acid, derivatization of SeMet with cyanogen bromide and extraction into chloroform for determination by GC ICP- MS. Concentrations of 3434 +/- 19 and 3419 +/- 15 mug g(-1) ( one standard deviation, n = 6) with relative standard deviations of 0.55% and 0.42% for SeMet were obtained in yeast based on measurement of Se-78/ Se-74 and Se-82/ Se-74 ratios, respectively, in agreement with a value of 3417 +/- 27 mug g(-1) ( one standard deviation, n = 6) obtained using ID GC- MS detection based on the ratio of 106/ 100 of SeCN+ ion. The SeMet accounts for 67% of the total Se in the sample. A method detection limit ( three standard deviations) of 0.9 mug g(-1) was estimated for SeMet based on a 0.25 g subsample. Significantly lower concentrations of 2220 +/- 7 and 2215 +/- 9 mug g(-1) ( one standard deviation, n = 4) with RSDs of 0.30 and 0.41% were obtained by ID GC ICP- MS using Se-78/ Se-74 and (82) Se/ (74) Se ratios, respectively, following digestion with 2% SnCl2 in 0.1 M HCl and reaction with CNBr to form volatile CH3SeCN. Similar SeMet concentrations of 3415 +/- 200 and 3447 +/- 198 mug g(-1) ( one standard deviation, n = 6) and significantly degraded precisions of 5.86 and 5.74%, respectively, were obtained in yeast using (78) Se/ (74) Se and (82) Se/ (74) Se ratios, respectively, following digestion with 4 M methanesulfonic acid and derivatization with methyl chloroformate. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Natl Measurement Stand, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. ARS, Food Composit Lab, BHNRC, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Yang, L (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Natl Measurement Stand, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. EM Lu.Yang@nrc.ca RI Mester, Zoltan/F-3154-2013; OI Mester, Zoltan/0000-0002-2377-2615; Sturgeon, Ralph/0000-0001-7304-3034; Yang, Lu/0000-0002-4351-2503 NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 11 BP 1448 EP 1453 DI 10.1039/b410543e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 868DR UT WOS:000224894800005 ER PT J AU Anderson, RC Carstens, GE Miller, RK Callaway, TR Schultz, CL Edrington, TS Harvey, RB Nisbet, DJ AF Anderson, RC Carstens, GE Miller, RK Callaway, TR Schultz, CL Edrington, TS Harvey, RB Nisbet, DJ TI Effect of nitroethane administration on ruminal VFA production and specific activity of methane production SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Ruminant Pysiology CY AUG 30-SEP 04, 2004 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Danish Inst Agr Sci, Royal Vet & Agr Univ DE methane; nitroethane; rumen; fermentation ID NITROCOMPOUNDS; METHANOGENESIS AB Oral administration of 72 mg nitroethane/kg body weight d(-1) to ewes reduced (P<0.05) the specific activity of ruminal methane production (SARMP) by 26, 69 and 29% on days 1, 2 and 5 of treatment, respectively. Administration of 24 mg nitroethane/kg body weight d(-1) reduced (P<0.05) SARMP by 26 and 42% on days 1 and 2 but not on day 5 (13% reduction) of treatment. Rumen VFA production was unaffected by nitroethane administration. These results demonstrate that nitroethane reduces ruminal methanogenesis in vivo without redirecting the flow of reductant generated during fermentation to propionate and butyrate. C1 ARS, USDA, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Anderson, RC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. EM anderson@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU KIELANOWSKI INST ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION PI JABLONNA PA UL INSTYTUCKA 3, 05-110 JABLONNA, POLAND SN 1230-1388 J9 J ANIM FEED SCI JI J. Anim. Feed Sci. PY 2004 VL 13 SU 1 BP 23 EP 26 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 850KQ UT WOS:000223610500003 ER PT J AU Hall, MB Larson, CC AF Hall, MB Larson, CC TI Ruminal protein metabolites and fibre fermentation differ among nonfibre carbohydrate and protein sources SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Ruminant Pysiology CY AUG 30-SEP 04, 2004 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Danish Inst Agr Sci, Royal Vet & Agr Univ DE nonfibre carbohydrates; starch; sucrose; pectin; fibre; protein ID DAIRY-COWS AB Effects of nonfibre carbohydrate source (NFC) and protein degradability (RDP) in vivo on concentrations of NH3, amino acids, and branch chain volatile fatty acids (BCVFA) in ruminal fluid, and on in situ disappearance of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) were evaluated. Treatment differences noted in BCVFA and amino acid concentrations suggest that ruminal protein digestion or use differs by NFC source. NFC source and the interaction of NFC x RDP affected in situ NDF disappearance; the effects did not appear to purely pH related. In situ NDF disappearance provided relative, not absolute, evaluation of NDF digestibility. C1 ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Hall, MB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM hall@animal.ufl.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU KIELANOWSKI INST ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION PI JABLONNA PA UL INSTYTUCKA 3, 05-110 JABLONNA, POLAND SN 1230-1388 J9 J ANIM FEED SCI JI J. Anim. Feed Sci. PY 2004 VL 13 SU 1 BP 83 EP 86 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 850KQ UT WOS:000223610500018 ER PT J AU Li, C Basarab, J Snelling, WM Benkel, B Murdoch, B Hansen, C Moore, SS AF Li, C Basarab, J Snelling, WM Benkel, B Murdoch, B Hansen, C Moore, SS TI Assessment of positional candidate genes myf5 and igf1 for growth on bovine chromosome 5 in commercial lines of Bos taurus SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; growth traits; marker genes; quantitative trait loci ID TRAITS; CATTLE; ASSOCIATIONS; CARCASS AB Quantitative trait loci for growth traits in beef cattle have been previously reported and fine-mapped in three chromosomal regions of 0 to 30 cM, 55 to 70 cM, and 70 to 80 cM of bovine chromosome 5. In this study, we further examined the association between gene-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of two positional candidate genes, bovine myogenic factor 5 (myf5) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (igf1), in the QTL regions and the birth weight (BWT), preweaning average daily gain (PWADG), and average daily gain on feed (ADGF) in commercial lines of Bos taurus. The QTL regions for the growth traits identified using a haplotype association analysis, which included the gene-specific SNP markers for both genes in this study, were in agreement with previous studies. The gene-specific SNP marker association analysis indicated that the SNP in myf5 had a significant additive effect on PWADG in the M1 line of Beefbooster Inc. (P < 0.10), and a significant additive effect (P < 0.05) and a significant dominance effect (P < 0.10) on ADGF in the M3 line of Beefbooster Inc. When the data from the two commercial lines were pooled, the SNP in myf5 showed a significant association with PWADG (P < 0.10) and with ADGF (P < 0.05). The association between the SNP and BWT, however, did not reach a significance level in the M1 line, the M3 line, or across the lines. For igf1, no significant association between the SNP and the growth traits was detected in either the M1 line or the M3 line, whereas there was only a significant dominance effect (P < 0.10) on BWT detected for the SNP in igf1 when the data from the two commercial lines were pooled. These results suggest that myf5 is a strong candidate gene that influences PWADG and ADGF in beef cattle. The SNP of igf1 may not be a causative or close to the causative mutation that affects the three growth traits in the populations of beef cattle examined in this study. Other SNP of igf1 and myf5 or other genes in their respective chromosomal regions, however, should also be studied. C1 Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutrit Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. AAFRD Lacombe, Lacombe Res Ctr, Lacombe, AB T5L 1W1, Canada. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. RP Moore, SS (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutrit Sci, 4-10 Ag For Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. EM stephen.moore@ualberta.ca RI Moore, Stephen/F-5285-2013 NR 18 TC 45 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 82 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 762WQ UT WOS:000188005500001 PM 14753343 ER PT J AU Norman, HD Wright, JR Powell, RL VanRaden, PM AF Norman, H. D. Wright, J. R. Powell, R. L. VanRaden, P. M. TI Merit of obtaining genetic evaluations of milk yield for each parity on Holstein bulls SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE milk yield; parity; lactation number C1 [Norman, H. D.; Wright, J. R.; Powell, R. L.; VanRaden, P. M.] USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200005 ER PT J AU VanRaden, PM Miller, RH AF VanRaden, P. M. Miller, R. H. TI Contribution of inbreeding and recessive defects to early embryo loss SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE fertility; embryo loss; recessive defects C1 [VanRaden, P. M.; Miller, R. H.] USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200012 ER PT J AU Klindt, J AF Klindt, J. TI Relationships among measures of growth performance and plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) in barrows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE plasma urea concentrations; growth; genetic influences C1 [Klindt, J.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200013 ER PT J AU Looper, ML Aiken, GE Flores, R Rosenkrans, CF AF Looper, M. L. Aiken, G. E. Flores, R. Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr. TI Effects of diet on performance, reproduction, and economics of market cows grazing stockpiled fescue SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE beef cows; stockpiled fescue; economics C1 [Looper, M. L.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR USA. [Aiken, G. E.] Univ Kentucky, USDA ARS, Forage & Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Flores, R.; Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500012 ER PT J AU Phillips, WA Coleman, SW Riley, DG Chase, CC Mayeux, HS AF Phillips, W. A. Coleman, S. W. Riley, D. G. Chase, C. C., Jr. Mayeux, H. S. TI Evaluation of Romosinuano as straightbreds and crossbreds with Angus and Brahman: Stocker and feedlot gains SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE tropical breed; winter wheat; strocker C1 [Phillips, W. A.; Mayeux, H. S.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. [Coleman, S. W.; Riley, D. G.; Chase, C. C., Jr.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 4 EP 5 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500015 ER PT J AU Riley, DG Chase, CC Coleman, SW Olson, TA AF Riley, D. G. Chase, C. C., Jr. Coleman, S. W. Olson, T. A. TI Evaluation of Romosinuano as straightbreds and crossbreds with Angus and Brahman: Preweaning calf traits SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE breed differences; heterosis; Romosinuano C1 [Riley, D. G.; Chase, C. C., Jr.; Coleman, S. W.] ARS, USDA, STARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Olson, T. A.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500014 ER PT J AU Brown, MA Coleman, SW Lalman, DL AF Brown, M. A. Coleman, S. W. Lalman, D. L. TI Relationship of sire estimated progeny differences to milk yield in Brangus cows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE milk yield; Brangus; milk EPD C1 [Brown, M. A.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Coleman, S. W.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. [Lalman, D. L.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 5 EP 5 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500017 ER PT J AU Coleman, SW Riley, DG Chase, CC Phillips, WA Horne, WJ Byrd, JH AF Coleman, S. W. Riley, D. G. Chase, C. C., Jr. Phillips, W. A. Horne, W. J. Byrd, J. H. TI Evaluation of Romosinuano as straightbreds and crossbreds with Angus and Brahman: carcass traits SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Romosinuano; carcass traits; crossbreeding C1 [Coleman, S. W.; Riley, D. G.; Chase, C. C., Jr.] ARS, USDA, SubTrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL USA. [Phillips, W. A.] ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. [Horne, W. J.; Byrd, J. H.] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 5 EP 5 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500016 ER PT J AU Riley, DG Chase, CC Coleman, SW Randel, RD Olson, TA AF Riley, D. G. Chase, C. C., Jr. Coleman, S. W. Randel, R. D. Olson, T. A. TI Assessment of temperament at weaning in calves produced from diallel matings of Angus, Brahman, and Romosinuano SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Brahman; Romosinuano; temperament C1 [Riley, D. G.; Chase, C. C., Jr.; Coleman, S. W.] USDA ARS, Brooksville, FL USA. [Olson, T. A.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Randel, R. D.] TAES, Overton, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 6 EP 7 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200025 ER PT J AU Berrang, ME Meinersmann, RJ Frank, JF Smith, DP AF Berrang, M. E. Meinersmann, R. J. Frank, J. F. Smith, D. P. TI Listeria monocytogenes prevalence and distribution within a poultry further processing plant over 12 months SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Listeria; processing; environment C1 [Berrang, M. E.; Meinersmann, R. J.; Smith, D. P.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. [Frank, J. F.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 11 EP 11 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200042 ER PT J AU Jones, DR Musgrove, MT AF Jones, D. R. Musgrove, M. T. TI Effects of extended storage on egg quality factors SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE egg; storage; quality C1 [Jones, D. R.; Musgrove, M. T.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 11 EP 12 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200045 ER PT J AU Ladely, SR Berrang, ME Fedorka-Cray, PJ Simmons, M Fletcher, DL AF Ladely, S. R. Berrang, M. E. Fedorka-Cray, P. J. Simmons, M. Fletcher, D. L. TI Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella from fresh whole chicken carcasses SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Salmonella; antimicrobial resistance; chicken C1 [Ladely, S. R.; Berrang, M. E.; Fedorka-Cray, P. J.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. [Simmons, M.; Fletcher, D. L.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 11 EP 11 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200043 ER PT J AU Northcutt, JK Musgrove, MT Jones, DR AF Northcutt, J. K. Musgrove, M. T. Jones, D. R. TI Chemical analyses of commercial shell egg wash water collected from three different operations SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE shell eggs; egg processing water; chemical analyses C1 [Northcutt, J. K.; Musgrove, M. T.; Jones, D. R.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200046 ER PT J AU Young, LL Smith, DP Cason, JA Buhr, RJ Walker, JM AF Young, L. L. Smith, D. P. Cason, J. A. Buhr, R. J. Walker, J. M. TI Effects of post-defeathering electrical stimulation on moisture retention characteristics of broiler carcasses and phosphate-marinated breast fillets SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE electrical stimulation; polyphosphate; meat C1 [Young, L. L.; Smith, D. P.; Cason, J. A.; Buhr, R. J.] USDA, Athens, GA USA. [Walker, J. M.] Stork Gamco Inc, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200049 ER PT J AU Bosworth, BG Gregory, DJ AF Bosworth, B. G. Gregory, D. J. TI Effects of sedated-harvest on channel catfish fillet color, pH, and drip-loss SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE catfish; fillet; quality C1 [Bosworth, B. G.; Gregory, D. J.] ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 15 EP 15 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200059 ER PT J AU Hulbert, LE Morrow, JL Dailey, J McGlone, JJ AF Hulbert, L. E. Morrow, J. L. Dailey, J. McGlone, J. J. TI Behavior of pregnant gilts and sows in crates or pens fed either by a single drop or by trickle feeding SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE sow housing; welfare; behavior C1 [Hulbert, L. E.; McGlone, J. J.] Texas Tech Univ, Pork Ind Inst, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Morrow, J. L.; Dailey, J.] USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 16 EP 16 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500060 ER PT J AU Estienne, MJ Harper, AF Knight, JW Barb, CR Rampacek, GB AF Estienne, M. J. Harper, A. F. Knight, J. W. Barb, C. R. Rampacek, G. B. TI Libido after PGF(20) treatment in boars with suppressed circulating concentrations of gonadal steroids SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE boar; libido; prostaglandin C1 [Estienne, M. J.; Harper, A. F.; Knight, J. W.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Barb, C. R.] USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30613 USA. [Rampacek, G. B.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 17 EP 18 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500066 ER PT J AU Horne, WJ Brooks, JC Coleman, SW Phillips, WA Riley, DG Chase, CC Miller, MF AF Horne, W. J. Brooks, J. C. Coleman, S. W. Phillips, W. A. Riley, D. G. Chase, C. C., Jr. Miller, M. F. TI Characterization of Romosinuano breeding on palatability traits and retail shelf life of beef steaks SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Romosinuano; shelf life; palatability C1 [Horne, W. J.; Brooks, J. C.; Miller, M. F.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Coleman, S. W.; Riley, D. G.; Chase, C. C., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Sub Trop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL USA. [Phillips, W. A.] ARS, USDA, Graazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200073 ER PT J AU Solomon, MB Liu, M Patel, J Paroczay, E Eastridge, J AF Solomon, M. B. Liu, M. Patel, J. Paroczay, E. Eastridge, J. TI Tenderness improvement in fresh and frozen/thawed beef strip loins treated with hydrodynamic pressure processing SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE tenderness; pressure processing; aging C1 [Solomon, M. B.; Liu, M.; Patel, J.; Paroczay, E.; Eastridge, J.] ARS, USDA, FTSL, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200070 ER PT J AU Flores, R Looper, ML Kreider, DL Rosenkrans, CF AF Flores, R. Looper, M. L. Kreider, D. L. Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr. TI Influence of progesterone on estrous characteristics and pregnancy rate of grazing beer cows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE beef cows; progesterone; estrus C1 [Flores, R.; Kreider, D. L.; Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Looper, M. L.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 19 EP 20 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500074 ER PT J AU Hill, GM Hanna, WW Hand, BC Coy, AE Mullinix, BG AF Hill, G. M. Hanna, W. W. Hand, B. C. Coy, A. E. Mullinix, B. G., Jr. TI Digestibility and protein utilization in steers fed corn and pearl millet diets SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE millet; steer; digestion C1 [Hill, G. M.; Hand, B. C.; Coy, A. E.; Mullinix, B. G., Jr.] Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Hanna, W. W.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 24 EP 25 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500093 ER PT J AU Galindo-Gonzalez, S Arthington, JD Coleman, SW de Vries, A AF Galindo-Gonzalez, S. Arthington, J. D. Coleman, S. W. de Vries, A. TI Calving primiparous Braford heifers at two- versus three-years of age SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE heifer; calf; supplementation C1 [Galindo-Gonzalez, S.; Arthington, J. D.] Univ Florida, Range Cattle Res & Educ Ctr, Ona, FL USA. [Galindo-Gonzalez, S.; de Vries, A.] Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Coleman, S. W.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 26 EP 26 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500098 ER PT J AU Dominguez-Diaz, D Satter, LD AF Dominguez-Diaz, D. Satter, L. D. TI Effect of increased cutting height of corn silage on nutritive value, milk yield and milk composition SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE cutting height; corn silage C1 [Satter, L. D.] USDA ARS, Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Dominguez-Diaz, D.; Satter, L. D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 28 EP 28 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200113 ER PT J AU Wildeus, S Turner, KE Greiner, SP Collins, JR AF Wildeus, S. Turner, K. E. Greiner, S. P. Collins, J. R. TI Differences in performance of hair sheep lambs and meat goat kids offered high forage diets with a corn-based supplement SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE hair sheep; meat goats; performance C1 [Wildeus, S.; Collins, J. R.] Virginia State Univ, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. [Turner, K. E.] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV USA. [Greiner, S. P.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 28 EP 28 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500107 ER PT J AU Burke, JM Miller, JE AF Burke, J. M. Miller, J. E. TI Dose of copper oxide wire particles (COWP) and feed supplement level influences Haemonchus contortus infection in lambs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE copper oxide; Haemonchus contortus; lambs C1 [Burke, J. M.] ARS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Miller, J. E.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 29 EP 30 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500112 ER PT J AU Dominguez-Diaz, D Satter, LD AF Dominguez-Diaz, D. Satter, L. D. TI Site and extent of digestion of diets containing brown midrib-3, low-cut, or high-cut corn silage SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE bm3; cutting height; corn silage C1 [Satter, L. D.] USDA ARS, Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Dominguez-Diaz, D.; Satter, L. D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 29 EP 29 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200114 ER PT J AU Wildeus, S Zajac, AM Turner, E Collins, JR AF Wildeus, S. Zajac, A. M. Turner, E. Collins, J. R. TI The effect of Quebracho tannin supplementation on growth and parasitism in young goats and hair sheep grazing parasite-infected pasture SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE small ruminants; parasites; tannin C1 [Wildeus, S.; Collins, J. R.] Virginia State Univ, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. [Zajac, A. M.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Turner, E.] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 29 EP 29 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500110 ER PT J AU Soder, KJ Sanderson, MA Stack, JL Muller, LD AF Soder, K. J. Sanderson, M. A. Stack, J. L. Muller, L. D. TI Effect of forage diversity on intake and productivity of grazing lactating dairy cows over two grazing seasons SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE pasture; diversity; intake C1 [Soder, K. J.; Sanderson, M. A.] USDA, ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Stack, J. L.; Muller, L. D.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 30 EP 30 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200120 ER PT J AU Animut, G Goetsch, AL Aiken, GE Puchala, R Detweiler, G Krehbiel, CR Merkel, RC Sahlu, T Dawson, LJ Johnson, ZB AF Animut, G. Goetsch, A. L. Aiken, G. E. Puchala, R. Detweiler, G. Krehbiel, C. R. Merkel, R. C. Sahlu, T. Dawson, L. J. Johnson, Z. B. TI Effects of stocking rate on grazing behavior of sheep and goats co-grazing mixed pastures SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE goats; co-grazing; stocking ratio C1 [Animut, G.; Goetsch, A. L.; Puchala, R.; Detweiler, G.; Merkel, R. C.; Sahlu, T.] Langston Univ, E Kika de la Garza Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK USA. [Animut, G.; Krehbiel, C. R.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Aiken, G. E.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR USA. [Dawson, L. J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Johnson, Z. B.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 31 EP 32 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500120 ER PT J AU Animut, G Goetsch, AL Aiken, GE Puchala, R Detweiler, G Krehbiel, CR Merkel, RC Sahlu, T Dawson, LJ Johnson, ZB AF Animut, G. Goetsch, A. L. Aiken, G. E. Puchala, R. Detweiler, G. Krehbiel, C. R. Merkel, R. C. Sahlu, T. Dawson, L. J. Johnson, Z. B. TI Effects of stocking rate on performance of sheep and goats co-grazing mixed pastures SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE goats; co-grazing; stocking rate C1 [Animut, G.; Goetsch, A. L.; Puchala, R.; Detweiler, G.; Merkel, R. C.; Sahlu, T.] Langston Univ, E Kika de la Garza Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK USA. [Animut, G.; Krehbiel, C. R.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Aiken, G. E.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR USA. [Dawson, L. J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Johnson, Z. B.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 32 EP 32 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500121 ER PT J AU Neel, JPS Fontenot, JP Clapham, WM Duckett, SK AF Neel, J. P. S. Fontenot, J. P. Clapham, W. M. Duckett, S. K. TI Effect of winter period rate of gain on finishing growth rate, final weight and carcass parameters from pasture or feedlot finished cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE finishing; pasture; winter C1 [Neel, J. P. S.; Clapham, W. M.] USDA ARS, AFSRC, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Fontenot, J. P.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Duckett, S. K.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 33 EP 34 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200134 ER PT J AU Realini, C Duckett, S Neel, J Fontenot, J Clapham, W AF Realini, C. Duckett, S. Neel, J. Fontenot, J. Clapham, W. TI Effect of winter stocker growth rate and finishing diet on beef rib composition, quality and palatability SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE beef; forages; tenderness C1 [Realini, C.; Duckett, S.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Neel, J.; Clapham, W.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Fontenot, J.] Virginia Tech Univ, Blacksburg, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 33 EP 33 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200133 ER PT J AU Realini, C Duckett, S Neel, J Fontenot, J Clapham, W AF Realini, C. Duckett, S. Neel, J. Fontenot, J. Clapham, W. TI Effect of winter stocker growth rate and finishing diet on beef longissimus fatty acid composition SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE beef; fatty acids; forages C1 [Realini, C.; Duckett, S.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Neel, J.; Clapham, W.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Fontenot, J.] Virginia Tech Univ, Blacksburg, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 33 EP 33 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200132 ER PT J AU Berg, EL Carroll, JA Strauch, TA AF Berg, E. L. Carroll, J. A. Strauch, T. A. TI Growth performance, hormone profiles, and behavioral responses following castration of piglets SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE pig; castration; stress C1 [Berg, E. L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Carroll, J. A.; Strauch, T. A.] USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 35 EP 35 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500131 ER PT J AU Strauch, TA Carroll, JA AF Strauch, T. A. Carroll, J. A. TI Supplementation with daidzein has little effect on the weaned pig's response to a lipopolysaccharide challenge SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE daidzein; fever; lipopolysaccharide C1 [Strauch, T. A.; Carroll, J. A.] USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 35 EP 35 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500130 ER PT J AU Snowder, GD Van Vleck, LD Cundiff, LV Gregory, KE Bennett, GL AF Snowder, G. D. Van Vleck, L. D. Cundiff, L. V. Gregory, K. E. Bennett, G. L. TI Effect of heterozygosity on the incidence of bovine respiratory disease SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE cattle; disease resistance; heterosis C1 [Snowder, G. D.; Cundiff, L. V.; Gregory, K. E.; Bennett, G. L.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Van Vleck, L. D.] ARS, USDA, MARC, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 36 EP 37 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500138 ER PT J AU Seman, DH Stuedemann, JA Douglass, LW AF Seman, D. H. Stuedemann, J. A. Douglass, L. W. TI Number of experimental units required to detect differences in grazing time SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE cattle; grazing behavior C1 [Seman, D. H.; Stuedemann, J. A.] USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA USA. [Douglass, L. W.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 37 EP 37 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200148 ER PT J AU Cassady, JP Van Vleck, LD AF Cassady, J. P. Van Vleck, L. D. TI Estimation of (co) variance components due to genetic competition effects in pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE behaviour; competition; heritability C1 [Cassady, J. P.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Van Vleck, L. D.] USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 38 EP 39 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500146 ER PT J AU Cundiff, LV Wheeler, TL Shackelford, SD Koohmaraie, M AF Cundiff, L. V. Wheeler, T. L. Shackelford, S. D. Koohmaraie, M. TI Feed efficiency of F1 cross steers by British mid Continental European sire breeds SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE cattle; breeds; feed efficiency C1 [Cundiff, L. V.; Wheeler, T. L.; Shackelford, S. D.; Koohmaraie, M.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 38 EP 38 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500143 ER PT J AU Rumph, JM Davis, KC Burfening, PJ AF Rumph, J. M. Davis, K. C. Burfening, P. J. TI Genetic trends for litter weight weaned per ewe lambing for two lines of Rambouillet sheep divergently selected for litter size SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE litter size; selection; weaning weight C1 [Rumph, J. M.; Davis, K. C.] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Burfening, P. J.] USDA, CSREES, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 38 EP 38 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500144 ER PT J AU Wyatt, WE Venuto, BC Gillespie, JM Blouin, DC AF Wyatt, W. E. Venuto, B. C. Gillespie, J. M. Blouin, D. C. TI Effects of stocking method and rate on seasonal cow-calf performance and forage quality SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE stocking rate; stocking method; cow-calf C1 [Wyatt, W. E.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Jenerette, LA USA. [Venuto, B. C.] ARS, Grazing Lands Res Lab, USDA, El Reno, OK USA. [Gillespie, J. M.; Blouin, D. C.] Louisiana State Agr Univ, Baton Rouge, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 39 EP 39 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200154 ER PT J AU Cheng, HW AF Cheng, Heng-Wei TI Physiological aspects of genetic selection in farm animals SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE genetic selection; physiology; chickens C1 [Cheng, Heng-Wei] USDA ARS, Livestock Behavior Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 40 EP 40 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500152 ER PT J AU Kitts, SE Matthews, JC Sipe, GL Rumsey, TS Elsasser, TH Kahl, S Baldwin, RL McLeod, KR AF Kitts, S. E. Matthews, J. C. Sipe, G. L. Rumsey, T. S. Elsasser, T. H. Kahl, S. Baldwin, R. L. McLeod, K. R. TI Effects of chlortetracycline (CTC) and steroidal implant on growth and plasma growth hormone (GH) and thyroid hormone release after challenge with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) in beef steers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE chlortetracycline; carcass quality; beef cattle C1 [Kitts, S. E.; Matthews, J. C.; Sipe, G. L.; McLeod, K. R.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Rumsey, T. S.; Elsasser, T. H.; Kahl, S.] ARS, Growth Biol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Baldwin, R. L.] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 41 EP 41 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200164 ER PT J AU Ferrell, CL Berry, ED Freetly, HC Miller, DN AF Ferrell, C. L. Berry, E. D. Freetly, H. C. Miller, D. N. TI Influence of genotype and diet on steer performance SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE efficiency; odor; E. coli C1 [Ferrell, C. L.; Berry, E. D.; Freetly, H. C.; Miller, D. N.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 42 EP 42 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200168 ER PT J AU Rohrer, GA Normeman, D Ford, JJ Wise, TH AF Rohrer, G. A. Normeman, D. Ford, J. J. Wise, T. H. TI Association of a polymorphism in thyroxine binding globulin with backfat depth in a composite population containing 25% Meishan germplasm SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE backfat; TBG; QTL C1 [Rohrer, G. A.; Normeman, D.; Ford, J. J.; Wise, T. H.] ARS, USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 42 EP 43 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500163 ER PT J AU Daniels, KJ Townsend, JR Donkin, SS Pajor, EA Eicher, SD Fahey, AG Schutz, MM AF Daniels, K. J. Townsend, J. R. Donkin, S. S. Pajor, E. A. Eicher, S. D. Fahey, A. G. Schutz, M. M. TI Relationship of behaviors and production measures between prepartum milked and non-prepartum milked first calf heifers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE heifers; behavior; prepartum milking C1 [Daniels, K. J.; Townsend, J. R.; Donkin, S. S.; Pajor, E. A.; Fahey, A. G.; Schutz, M. M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Eicher, S. D.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, LBRU, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 47 EP 47 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500180 ER PT J AU Arango, JA Cundiff, LV Van Vleck, LD AF Arango, JA Cundiff, LV Van Vleck, LD TI Covariance functions and random regression models for cow weight in beef cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mature weight; growth; genetic parameters; beef cattle ID POSTWEANING GROWTH; GENETIC-PARAMETERS; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; CONDITION-SCORE; LIVE-WEIGHT; GERMPLASM EVALUATION; PHENOTYPIC VARIATION; LONGITUDINAL DATA; MATURE WEIGHT; CYCLE IV AB Data from the first four cycles of the Germplasm Evaluation program at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center were used to evaluate weights of Angus, Hereford, and F-1 cows produced by crosses of 22 sire and 2 dam (Angus and Hereford) breeds. Four weights per year were available for cows from 2 through 8 yr of age (AY) with age in months (AM). Weights (n = 61,798) were analyzed with REML using covariance function-random regression models (CF-RRM), with regression on orthogonal (Legendre) polynomials of AM. Models included fixed regression on AM and effects of cow line, age in years, season of measurement, and their interactions; year of birth; and pregnancy-lactation codes. Random parts of the models fitted RRM coefficients for additive (a) and permanent environmental (c) effects. Estimates of CF were used to estimate covariances among all ages. Temporary environmental effects were modeled to account for heterogeneity of variance by AY. Quadratic fixed regression was sufficient to model population trajectory and was fitted in all analyses. Other models varied order of fit and rank of coefficients for a and c. A parsimonious model included linear and quartic regression coefficients for a and c, respectively. A reduced cubic order sufficed for c. Estimates of all variances increased with age. Estimates for older ages disagreed with estimates using traditional bivariate models. Plots of covariances for c were smooth for intermediate, but erratic for extreme ages. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.38 (36 mo) to 0.78 (94 mo), with fluctuations especially for extreme ages. Estimates of genetic correlations were high for most pairs of ages, with the lowest estimate (0.70) between extreme ages (19 and 103 mo). Results suggest that although cow weights do not fit a repeatability model with constant variances as well as CF-RRM, a repeatability model might be an acceptable approximation for prediction of additive genetic effects. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Van Vleck, LD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, A218 Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM dvan-vleck1@unl.edu NR 41 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 82 IS 1 BP 54 EP 67 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 762WQ UT WOS:000188005500006 PM 14753348 ER PT J AU Kuhn, MT Hutchison, JL Norman, HD AF Kuhn, M. T. Hutchison, J. L. Norman, H. D. TI Minimum dry period length to maximize performance SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE dry period length; milk production; performance C1 [Kuhn, M. T.; Hutchison, J. L.; Norman, H. D.] Agr Res Serv, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 56 EP 56 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200224 ER PT J AU Kim, WK Donalson, LM Herrera, P Woodward, CL Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Kim, W. K. Donalson, L. M. Herrera, P. Woodward, C. L. Kubena, L. F. Nisbet, D. J. Ricke, S. C. TI Effects of different bone preparation methods (fresh, dry, and fat-free dry) on bone parameters and the correlations between bone-breaking strength and the other bone parameters SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE bone-breaking strength; bone parameters; bone preparation C1 [Kim, W. K.; Donalson, L. M.; Herrera, P.; Woodward, C. L.; Ricke, S. C.] Texas A&M Univ, Collete Stn, TX USA. [Kubena, L. F.; Nisbet, D. J.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 58 EP 59 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200233 ER PT J AU Arthington, JD Riley, DG Chase, CC Phillips, WA Coleman, SW AF Arthington, J. D. Riley, D. G. Chase, C. C., Jr. Phillips, W. A. Coleman, S. W. TI Acute phase protein response to weaning and transport in calves produced by matings of Romosinuano, Angus, and Brahman SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE acute phase proteins; Romosinuano; Brahman C1 [Arthington, J. D.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Riley, D. G.; Chase, C. C., Jr.; Coleman, S. W.] ARS, USDA, Brooksvile, FL USA. [Phillips, W. A.] ARS, USDA, El Reno, OK USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 59 EP 60 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200237 ER PT J AU Lopez, H Caraviello, DC Satter, LD Wiltbank, MC AF Lopez, H. Caraviello, D. C. Satter, L. D. Wiltbank, M. C. TI Factors associated with multiple ovulation in lactating dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE dairy cow; multiple ovulation; milk production C1 [Lopez, H.; Caraviello, D. C.; Satter, L. D.; Wiltbank, M. C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Satter, L. D.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 64 EP 64 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200255 ER PT J AU Kim, JG Vallet, JL Christenson, RK Rohrer, GA Nonneman, DJ AF Kim, J. G. Vallet, J. L. Christenson, R. K. Rohrer, G. A. Nonneman, D. J. TI Evaluation of an SNP in steroidogenic acute regulatory (STAR) protein for reproductive traits in swine SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE ovulation rate; age at puberty; gene mapping C1 [Kim, J. G.; Vallet, J. L.; Christenson, R. K.; Rohrer, G. A.; Nonneman, D. J.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 65 EP 65 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200257 ER PT J AU Richardson, RL Barb, CR Rekaya, R Lee-Rutherford, L Kraeling, RR Hausman, GJ AF Richardson, R. L. Barb, C. R. Rekaya, R. Lee-Rutherford, L. Kraeling, R. R. Hausman, G. J. TI Ontogeny of ovarian gene expression in the prepuberal pig SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE pig; ovary; gene C1 [Richardson, R. L.; Barb, C. R.; Lee-Rutherford, L.; Kraeling, R. R.; Hausman, G. J.] ARS, USDA, Athens, GA USA. [Rekaya, R.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 65 EP 66 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200260 ER PT J AU Richardson, RL Hausman, GJ Rekaya, R Lee-Rutherford, L Kraeling, RR Barb, CR AF Richardson, R. L. Hausman, G. J. Rekaya, R. Lee-Rutherford, L. Kraeling, R. R. Barb, C. R. TI Ontogeny of uterine gene expression in the prepuberal pig SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE pig; uterus; gene C1 [Richardson, R. L.; Hausman, G. J.; Lee-Rutherford, L.; Kraeling, R. R.; Barb, C. R.] ARS, USDA, Athens, GA USA. [Rekaya, R.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 65 EP 65 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200258 ER PT J AU Stahl, CH Lincoln, LM Callaway, TR Lonergan, SM AF Stahl, C. H. Lincoln, L. M. Callaway, T. R. Lonergan, S. M. TI Calicin E1 kills Escherichia coli F4 (K88) and F18 strains in vitro SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stahl, C. H.; Lincoln, L. M.; Lonergan, S. M.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Callaway, T. R.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RI Lonergan, Steven/O-6233-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 66 EP 66 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500259 ER PT J AU Echternkamp, SE Cushman, RA Christenson, RK AF Echternkamp, S. E. Cushman, R. A. Christenson, R. K. TI Effect of ovulation rate on development of the ovine corpus luteum SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE ovulation rate; corpus luteum; sheep C1 [Echternkamp, S. E.; Cushman, R. A.; Christenson, R. K.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 67 EP 67 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200265 ER PT J AU Yen, JT AF Yen, J. T. TI Dehydrated alfalfa meal reduces urinary urea excretion in finishing gilts SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yen, J. T.] ARS, USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 68 EP 68 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500269 ER PT J AU Kubena, LF McReynolds, JL Byrd, JA Anderson, RC Ricke, SC Nisbet, DJ AF Kubena, L. F. McReynolds, J. L. Byrd, J. A. Anderson, R. C. Ricke, S. C. Nisbet, D. J. TI Influence of experimental chlorate product (ECP) in drinking water on environment of the gastrointestinal tract and Salmonella enteritidis (SE) in laying hens during an induced molt SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE laying hens; molting; experimental chlorate product C1 [Kubena, L. F.; McReynolds, J. L.; Byrd, J. A.; Anderson, R. C.; Nisbet, D. J.] ARS, USDA, SPARC, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. [Ricke, S. C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 69 EP 69 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200274 ER PT J AU Moore, RW Holt, PS AF Moore, R. W. Holt, P. S. TI Effect of molting on in vitro tissue invasion by Salmonella enteritidis SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Salmonella enteritidis; molt; invasion C1 [Moore, R. W.; Holt, P. S.] ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 69 EP 69 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200273 ER PT J AU Cox, NA Bailey, JS Cosby, DE Buhr, RJ Richardson, LJ Wilson, JL Bourassa, DV Steffans, WL Ard, MB AF Cox, N. A. Bailey, J. S. Cosby, D. E. Buhr, R. J. Richardson, L. J. Wilson, J. L. Bourassa, D. V. Steffans, W. L. Ard, M. B. TI Attachment of Salmonella and Campylobacter slop, to chicken spermatozoa viewed by scanning electron microscopy SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Salmonella; Campylobacter; spermatozoa C1 [Cox, N. A.; Bailey, J. S.; Cosby, D. E.; Buhr, R. J.; Richardson, L. J.] USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. [Wilson, J. L.; Bourassa, D. V.] Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Steffans, W. L.; Ard, M. B.] Univ Georgia, Dept Vet Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 70 EP 70 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200279 ER PT J AU Kim, WK Donalson, LM Herrera, P Woodward, CL Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Kim, W. K. Donalson, L. M. Herrera, P. Woodward, C. L. Kubena, L. F. Nisbet, D. J. Ricke, S. C. TI Evaluating bone and eggshell parameters of molted hens at the end of 2(nd) laying cycle compared to non-molted hens SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE molting; bone parameters; eggshell C1 [Kim, W. K.; Donalson, L. M.; Herrera, P.; Woodward, C. L.; Ricke, S. C.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Kubena, L. F.; Nisbet, D. J.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 70 EP 70 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200277 ER PT J AU Donalson, LM Kim, WK Hererra, P Woodward, CL Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Donalson, L. M. Kim, W. K. Hererra, P. Woodward, C. L. Kubena, L. F. Nisbet, D. J. Ricke, S. C. TI The influence of a fructooligosaccharide (FOS) prebiotic with feed substrates on in vitro Salmonella typhimurium growth of laying hen cecal bacteria SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE prebiotic; in vitro; Salmonella Typhimurium C1 [Donalson, L. M.; Kim, W. K.; Hererra, P.; Woodward, C. L.; Ricke, S. C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Kubena, L. F.; Nisbet, D. J.] USDA ARS, College Stn, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 72 EP 72 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200287 ER PT J AU Karabasil, N Bulajic, S Kim, WK Dunkley, KD Callaway, TR Poole, TL Ricke, SC Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Karabasil, N. Bulajic, S. Kim, W. K. Dunkley, K. D. Callaway, T. R. Poole, T. L. Ricke, S. C. Anderson, R. C. Nisbet, D. J. TI Comparison of antibiotic resistance frequency of Salmonella Typhimurium growth in glucose-limited continuous culture at slow and fast dilution rates SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE antibiotic resistance; Salmonella typhimurium; continuous culture C1 [Karabasil, N.; Bulajic, S.] Univ Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. [Kim, W. K.; Dunkley, K. D.; Ricke, S. C.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Callaway, T. R.; Poole, T. L.; Anderson, R. C.; Nisbet, D. J.] USDA ARS, FFSRU, College Stn, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 72 EP 72 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200286 ER PT J AU Nava, GM Davila, V Newberry, L Tellez, G Donoghue, AM Hargis, BM AF Nava, G. M. Davila, V. Newberry, L. Tellez, G. Donoghue, A. M. Hargis, B. M. TI Comparison of Aspergillus meal or inulin prebiotics as substrates for Salmonella or Lactobacilli in vitro SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE prebiotic; Lactobacillus; Salmonella C1 [Nava, G. M.; Newberry, L.; Tellez, G.; Hargis, B. M.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Davila, V.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico CEIEPA, FMVZ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Donoghue, A. M.] ARS, PPPSRU, USDA, Fayetteville, AR USA. RI Nava, Gerardo/J-9138-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 72 EP 72 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200288 ER PT J AU Saengkerdsub, S Kim, WK Callaway, TR Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Saengkerdsub, S. Kim, W. K. Callaway, T. R. Anderson, R. C. Nisbet, D. J. Ricke, S. C. TI Effects of nitrocompounds and feedstuffs on in vitro methane production in chicken cecal contents SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE methane; nitrocompound; microbial ecology C1 [Saengkerdsub, S.; Kim, W. K.; Ricke, S. C.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Callaway, T. R.; Anderson, R. C.; Nisbet, D. J.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 73 EP 73 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200291 ER PT J AU Siragusa, GR Cox, NA Bailey, JS Richardson, LJ Buhr, RJ Hiett, KL Cosby, DE Wilson, JL Bourassa, DV AF Siragusa, G. R. Cox, N. A. Bailey, J. S. Richardson, L. J. Buhr, R. J. Hiett, K. L. Cosby, D. E. Wilson, J. L. Bourassa, D. V. TI Incidence of Clostridium perfringens in yolk follicles of broiler breeder hens SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Clostridium perfringens; broiler breeder hens; yolk follicles C1 [Siragusa, G. R.; Cox, N. A.; Bailey, J. S.; Richardson, L. J.; Buhr, R. J.; Hiett, K. L.; Cosby, D. E.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Wilson, J. L.; Bourassa, D. V.] Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 73 EP 73 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200292 ER PT J AU Arango, JA Cundiff, LV Van Vleck, LD AF Arango, JA Cundiff, LV Van Vleck, LD TI Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; breeds; growth; maturity ID BODY CONDITION SCORE; BEEF-COWS; GERMPLASM EVALUATION; GENETIC-PARAMETERS; CALF PERFORMANCE; CYCLE IV; CATTLE; GROWTH; SIZE; PRODUCTIVITY AB Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breed-group as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F, cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F-1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Van Vleck, LD (reprint author), A218 Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM lvanvleck@unlnotes.unl.edu NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 82 IS 1 BP 74 EP 84 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 762WQ UT WOS:000188005500008 PM 14753350 ER PT J AU Roush, WB Lott, BD Branton, SL AF Roush, W. B. Lott, B. D. Branton, S. L. TI Effect of high flow rate nipple drinkers on the performance of 21 d old male broiler chicks SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE broiler; nipple drinkers; bell drinkers C1 [Roush, W. B.; Branton, S. L.] USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Lott, B. D.] Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 74 EP 74 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200294 ER PT J AU Virden, WS Zumwalt, CD Thaxton, JP Branton, SL Kidd, MT AF Virden, W. S. Zumwalt, C. D. Thaxton, J. P. Branton, S. L. Kidd, M. T. TI Evaluation of different means of feeding corticosterone to broilers to elicit a stress response SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE broiler; corticosterone; stress C1 [Virden, W. S.; Zumwalt, C. D.; Thaxton, J. P.; Kidd, M. T.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Branton, S. L.] USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 74 EP 75 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200297 ER PT J AU Smith, DP Mauldin, JM Lawrence, KC Park, B Heitschmidt, GW AF Smith, D. P. Mauldin, J. M. Lawrence, K. C. Park, B. Heitschmidt, G. W. TI Detection of early changes in fertile eggs during incubation using a hyperspectral imaging system SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE egg fertility; embryo development; hyperspectral imaging C1 [Smith, D. P.; Lawrence, K. C.; Park, B.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. [Mauldin, J. M.] Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 75 EP 75 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200299 ER PT J AU Reynnells, R AF Reynnells, R. TI Washington update SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE recognition award; animal well-being; triennial workshop C1 [Reynnells, R.] USDA, CSREES, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 79 EP 79 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200312 ER PT J AU Swayne, D AF Swayne, D. TI Avian influenza, vaccines and control SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE avian influenza; vaccine; trade C1 [Swayne, D.] ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 79 EP 79 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200311 ER PT J AU Cole, NA Schwartz, RC Todd, RW AF Cole, N. A. Schwartz, R. C. Todd, R. W. TI Assimilation vs. accumulation of macro- and micro-nutrients in soils: relations to livestock feeding operations SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE manure nutrients; soil; assimilation C1 [Cole, N. A.; Schwartz, R. C.; Todd, R. W.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 80 EP 80 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200319 ER PT J AU Anderson, RC Jung, YS Byrd, JA Genovese, KJ Callaway, TR Edrington, TS Harvey, RB Nisbet, DJ AF Anderson, R. C. Jung, Y. S. Byrd, J. A. Genovese, K. J. Callaway, T. R. Edrington, T. S. Harvey, R. B. Nisbet, D. J. TI Novel preharvest strategies involving the use of inorganic and nitro-based compounds to prevent colonization of food producing animals by foodborne pathoge SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE food safety; foodborne pathogen; nitrocompound C1 [Anderson, R. C.; Jung, Y. S.; Byrd, J. A.; Genovese, K. J.; Callaway, T. R.; Edrington, T. S.; Harvey, R. B.; Nisbet, D. J.] USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 81 EP 81 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200321 ER PT J AU Burrin, D AF Burrin, D. TI Proglucagon: A gene with diverse metabolic functions SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE gut; hormone; proglucagon; metabolism C1 [Burrin, D.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 81 EP 81 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200320 ER PT J AU Huff, WE Huff, GR Rath, NC Balog, JM Donoghue, AM AF Huff, W. E. Huff, G. R. Rath, N. C. Balog, J. M. Donoghue, A. M. TI Alternative to antibiotics - Utilization of bacteriophage to prevent foodborne pathogens SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE E. coli; bacteriophage; therapy C1 [Huff, W. E.; Huff, G. R.; Rath, N. C.; Balog, J. M.; Donoghue, A. M.] Univ Arkansas, USDA, ARS, PPPSRU Poultry Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 81 EP 82 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200323 ER PT J AU Panetta, D Powers, WJ Xin, H Kerr, BJ Lorimor, JC AF Panetta, D. Powers, W. J. Xin, H. Kerr, B. J. Lorimor, J. C. TI Nitrogen excretion and ammonia emissions from pigs fed reduced crude protein diets SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE ammonia; crude protein; yucca C1 [Panetta, D.; Powers, W. J.; Xin, H.; Lorimor, J. C.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kerr, B. J.] USDA ARS, NSRIC, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 84 EP 84 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500329 ER PT J AU Sawalha, RM Keown, JF Kachman, SD Van Vleck, LD AF Sawalha, R. M. Keown, J. F. Kachman, S. D. Van Vleck, L. D. TI An animal model with autoregressive covariance structures among residual and genetic effects for genetic evaluation of Holstein cows with test day records SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE milk yield; test day; autoregression C1 [Keown, J. F.; Kachman, S. D.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE USA. [Van Vleck, L. D.] ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 84 EP 84 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200333 ER PT J AU Van Tassell, CP Wiggans, GR Thornton, LLM AF Van Tassell, C. P. Wiggans, G. R. Thornton, L. L. M. TI Impact on calving ease evaluations of excluding herds with abnormal distribution of scores SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE calving difficulty; dystocia; abnormal distribution C1 [Van Tassell, C. P.; Wiggans, G. R.; Thornton, L. L. M.] ARS, USDA, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 84 EP 85 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200335 ER PT J AU Van Vleck, LD Cassady, JP AF Van Vleck, L. D. Cassady, J. P. TI Unexpected estimates of variance components with a true model containing genetic competition effects SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE genetic parameters; pen effects; simulation C1 [Van Vleck, L. D.] ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Cassady, J. P.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 84 EP 84 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200332 ER PT J AU Guthrie, HD AF Guthrie, H. D. TI The follicular phase in pigs: follicle populations, circulating hormones, follicle factors and oocytes SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE ovulation; atresia; gonadotropin C1 [Guthrie, H. D.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 85 EP 85 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500334 ER PT J AU Abdel-Azim, G Freeman, AE Kehrli, ME Kelm, SC Burton, JL Kuck, AL Schnell, S AF Abdel-Azim, G. Freeman, A. E. Kehrli, M. E. Kelm, S. C. Burton, J. L. Kuck, A. L. Schnell, S. TI Genetic basis and risk factors of infectious and noninfectious diseases in US Holsteins. I. Estimation of genetic parameters for single diseases and general health SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE disease resistance; generalized immunity; genetic evaluation C1 [Abdel-Azim, G.; Kuck, A. L.; Schnell, S.] Cooperat Res Int, Shawano, WI USA. [Freeman, A. E.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA USA. [Kehrli, M. E.] ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Kelm, S. C.] Univ Wisconsin, Anim & Food Sci Dept, River Falls, WI 54022 USA. [Burton, J. L.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 86 EP 86 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200341 ER PT J AU Kim, JG Vallet, J AF Kim, J. G. Vallet, J. TI Folate binding protein is secreted by porcine endometrium until placentation in pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE pregnancy; Clandular epithelium; conceptus development C1 [Kim, J. G.; Vallet, J.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 87 EP 87 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500344 ER PT J AU Powell, RL Sanders, AH Norman, HD AF Powell, R. L. Sanders, A. H. Norman, H. D. TI Accuracy and stability of national and international somatic cell score evaluations SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE genetic evaluation; somatic cell score; Interbull C1 [Powell, R. L.; Sanders, A. H.; Norman, H. D.] ARS, USDA, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 87 EP 88 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200348 ER PT J AU Kayser, JP Waylan, AT Johnson, BJ AF Kayser, J. P. Waylan, A. T. Johnson, B. J. TI The relationship between porcine uterine and placental IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-3, AND IGFBP-5 messenger rNA (mRNA) levels at mid-gestation SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE IGF; placenta; uterus C1 [Kayser, J. P.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Waylan, A. T.; Johnson, B. J.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 88 EP 88 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500347 ER PT J AU Ford, JJ Lunstra, DD Wise, TH Rohrer, GA AF Ford, J. J. Lunstra, D. D. Wise, T. H. Rohrer, G. A. TI Model for evaluation of testicular development in boars SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ford, J. J.; Lunstra, D. D.; Wise, T. H.; Rohrer, G. A.] ARS, USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 89 EP 89 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500351 ER PT J AU Salfen, BE Carroll, JA Keisler, DH Strauch, TA AF Salfen, B. E. Carroll, J. A. Keisler, D. H. Strauch, T. A. TI Effects of exogenous ghrelin on feed intake, weight gain, behavior, and endocrine parameters in weanling pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Salfen, B. E.; Carroll, J. A.; Strauch, T. A.] ARS, USDA, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Keisler, D. H.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI Keisler, Duane/C-2746-2011 OI Keisler, Duane/0000-0002-8792-7030 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 89 EP 90 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500353 ER PT J AU Burke, JM Brauer, DK Looper, ML AF Burke, J. M. Brauer, D. K. Looper, M. L. TI Calving rate and production responses of long-term exposure to endophyte-infected tall fescue SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE beef; production; tall fescue C1 [Burke, J. M.; Brauer, D. K.; Looper, M. L.] ARS, USDA, Booneville, AR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 90 EP 90 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200359 ER PT J AU Burke, JM Brauer, DK Looper, ML AF Burke, J. M. Brauer, D. K. Looper, M. L. TI Use of novel endophyte-infected tall fescue for cow-calf production in Arkansas SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE beef; novel endophyte; tall fescue C1 [Burke, J. M.; Brauer, D. K.; Looper, M. L.] ARS, USDA, Booneville, AR USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 91 EP 91 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200363 ER PT J AU Ward, MA Caton, JS Taylor, JB Reynolds, LP Soto-Novarro, SA AF Ward, M. A. Caton, J. S. Taylor, J. B. Reynolds, L. P. Soto-Novarro, S. A. TI Effect of level and source of selenium on mass and growth of maternal visceral tissues in growing pregnant ewe lambs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ward, M. A.; Caton, J. S.; Reynolds, L. P.; Soto-Novarro, S. A.] N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Taylor, J. B.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RI Reynolds, Lawrence/I-5267-2015 OI Reynolds, Lawrence/0000-0002-6838-7809 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 91 EP 92 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500361 ER PT J AU Ladyman, KP Kerley, MS Kallenbach, RL Garrett, HG McGraw, RL Van Sambeek, JW AF Ladyman, K. P. Kerley, M. S. Kallenbach, R. L. Garrett, H. G. McGraw, R. L. Van Sambeek, J. W. TI Quality and quantity evaluations of shade-grown legume forages SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ladyman, K. P.; Kerley, M. S.; Kallenbach, R. L.; Garrett, H. G.; McGraw, R. L.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Van Sambeek, J. W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 93 EP 93 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500368 ER PT J AU Vasconcelos, JT Greene, LW Cole, NA McCollum, FT Silva, JC AF Vasconcelos, J. T. Greene, L. W. Cole, N. A. McCollum, F. T. Silva, J. C. TI Effects of phase feeding of protein on performance, blood urea nitrogen, and carcass characteristics of finishing beef cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vasconcelos, J. T.; Greene, L. W.; McCollum, F. T.; Silva, J. C.] Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Cole, N. A.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 93 EP 93 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500366 ER PT J AU Perry, GA Smith, MF Roberts, AJ MacNeil, MD Geary, TW AF Perry, G. A. Smith, M. F. Roberts, A. J. MacNeil, M. D. Geary, T. W. TI Effect of ovulatory follicle size on pregnancy rates and fetal mortality in beef heifers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE follicle size; pregnancy rates; fetal mortality C1 [Perry, G. A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Perry, G. A.; Roberts, A. J.; MacNeil, M. D.; Geary, T. W.] ARS, USDA, Miles City, MT USA. [Smith, M. F.] Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 101 EP 102 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200403 ER PT J AU Buhr, RJ Cox, NA Bailey, JS Wilson, JL Richardson, LJ Cosbyl, DE Bourassa, DV AF Buhr, R. J. Cox, N. A. Bailey, J. S. Wilson, J. L. Richardson, L. J. Cosbyl, D. E. Bourassa, D. V. TI Apparent absence of horizontal transmission of Campylobacter among caged broiler breeder roosters SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Campylobacter; broiler breeder roosters; horizontal transmission C1 [Buhr, R. J.; Cox, N. A.; Bailey, J. S.; Richardson, L. J.; Cosbyl, D. E.; Bourassa, D. V.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. [Wilson, J. L.; Richardson, L. J.; Bourassa, D. V.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 103 EP 104 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200411 ER PT J AU Byrd, JA Stanker, LH McReynolds, JL Nisbet, DJ AF Byrd, J. A. Stanker, L. H. McReynolds, J. L. Nisbet, D. J. TI The use of biodegradable pellets for the control of Salmonella in broilers during feed withdrawal SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Salmonella; biodegradable; crop C1 [Byrd, J. A.; McReynolds, J. L.; Nisbet, D. J.] ARS, USDA, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. [Stanker, L. H.] ARS, USDA, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Albany, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 103 EP 103 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200410 ER PT J AU McReynolds, JL Byrd, JA Anderson, RC Edrington, TS Poole, TL Moore, RW Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ AF McReynolds, J. L. Byrd, J. A. Anderson, R. C. Edrington, T. S. Poole, T. L. Moore, R. W. Kubena, L. F. Nisbet, D. J. TI Utilization of an experimental chlorate product in reduction of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Clostridium perfringens; experimental chlorate product; necrotic enteritis C1 [McReynolds, J. L.; Byrd, J. A.; Anderson, R. C.; Edrington, T. S.; Poole, T. L.; Kubena, L. F.; Nisbet, D. J.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. [Moore, R. W.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 103 EP 103 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200409 ER PT J AU Jarquin, RL Wolfenden, AD Nava, GM Vicente, JL Sartor, CD Donoghue, AM Hargis, BM AF Jarquin, R. L. Wolfenden, A. D. Nava, G. M. Vicente, J. L. Sartor, C. D. Donoghue, A. M. Hargis, B. M. TI Evaluation of an organic acid mixture to reduce Salmonella enteritidis in the chicken crop SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Salmonella; crop; organic acids C1 [Donoghue, A. M.] ARS, USDA, PPPSRU, Fayetteville, AR USA. [Jarquin, R. L.; Wolfenden, A. D.; Nava, G. M.; Vicente, J. L.; Sartor, C. D.; Hargis, B. M.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RI Nava, Gerardo/J-9138-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 104 EP 104 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200415 ER PT J AU Solis, F Balog, JM Tellez, G Higgins, S Torrez, A Donoghue, AM Anthony, NB AF Solis, F. Balog, J. M. Tellez, G. Higgins, S. Torrez, A. Donoghue, A. M. Anthony, N. B. TI Effects of Aspergillus meal prebiotic on gut development and ascites mortality SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE ascites; prebiotic; gut development C1 [Balog, J. M.; Donoghue, A. M.] ARS, USDA, PP&PSR, Fayetteville, AR USA. [Solis, F.; Tellez, G.; Higgins, S.; Torrez, A.; Anthony, N. B.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 104 EP 104 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200412 ER PT J AU Soto-Navarro, SA Williams, GJ Taylor, JB Finley, JW Caton, JS AF Soto-Navarro, S. A. Williams, G. J. Taylor, J. B. Finley, J. W. Caton, J. S. TI Effects of selenium source on characteristics of selenium digestibility in finishing beef steers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE selenium; digestability; steers C1 [Soto-Navarro, S. A.; Williams, G. J.; Caton, J. S.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND USA. [Finley, J. W.; Caton, J. S.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 104 EP 104 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500410 ER PT J AU Torres-Rodriguez, A Sartor, CD Higgins, SE Wolfenden, AD Bielke, LR Pixley, CM Donoghue, AM Tellez, G Hargis, BM AF Torres-Rodriguez, A. Sartor, C. D. Higgins, S. E. Wolfenden, A. D. Bielke, L. R. Pixley, C. M. Donoghue, A. M. Tellez, G. Hargis, B. M. TI Effect of dietary administration of Aspergillus meal on broiler chick performance with low protein diets SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Aspergillus meal; prebiotic; low protein diets C1 [Donoghue, A. M.] ARS, USDA, PPPSRU, Fayetteville, AR USA. [Torres-Rodriguez, A.; Sartor, C. D.; Higgins, S. E.; Wolfenden, A. D.; Bielke, L. R.; Pixley, C. M.; Tellez, G.; Hargis, B. M.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 104 EP 104 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200414 ER PT J AU Tyrrell, HF AF Tyrrell, H. F. TI Public concern for the impact of livestock and poultry production systems on the environment SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE manure; nutrients; environment C1 [Tyrrell, H. F.] USDA, CSREES, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 104 EP 104 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500411 ER PT J AU Wolfenden, AD Henderson, SN Jarquin, RL Nava, GM Bielke, LR Vicente, JL Tellez, GI Donoghue, DJ Donoghue, AM Hargis, BM AF Wolfenden, A. D. Henderson, S. N. Jarquin, R. L. Nava, G. M. Bielke, L. R. Vicente, J. L. Tellez, G. I. Donoghue, D. J. Donoghue, A. M. Hargis, B. M. TI Salmonella and lactobacilli growth in a simulated crop model using chicken or turkey feeds SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE crop; Salmonella; lactobacilli C1 [Wolfenden, A. D.; Henderson, S. N.; Jarquin, R. L.; Nava, G. M.; Bielke, L. R.; Vicente, J. L.; Tellez, G. I.; Donoghue, D. J.; Hargis, B. M.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Donoghue, A. M.] ARS, PPPSRU, USDA, Fayetteville, AR USA. RI Nava, Gerardo/J-9138-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 104 EP 104 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200413 ER PT J AU Cole, K Holliman, JS Blore, PJ Donoghue, AM Donoghue, DJ AF Cole, K. Holliman, J. S. Blore, P. J. Donoghue, A. M. Donoghue, D. J. TI Evaluation of guar by-products in high production laying hen diets SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE guar; laying hen; egg production C1 [Cole, K.; Holliman, J. S.; Blore, P. J.; Donoghue, D. J.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Donoghue, A. M.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Prod & Product Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 105 EP 105 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200418 ER PT J AU Cole, K Holliman, JS Blore, PJ Donoghue, AM Donoghue, DJ AF Cole, K. Holliman, J. S. Blore, P. J. Donoghue, A. M. Donoghue, D. J. TI Isolation and prevalence of Campylobacter in the reproductive tracts and semen of commercial turkeys SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Campylobacter; turkeys; reproductive tract C1 [Cole, K.; Holliman, J. S.; Blore, P. J.; Donoghue, D. J.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Donoghue, A. M.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Prod & Product Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 105 EP 105 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200417 ER PT J AU Dunkley, KD Kundinger, MM Dunkley, CS Callaway, TR Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Dunkley, K. D. Kundinger, M. M. Dunkley, C. S. Callaway, T. R. Anderson, R. C. Nisbet, D. J. Ricke, S. C. TI Cell yield and genetic reponse in Salmonella Typhimurium in a continuous culture during shifts in pH SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Salmonella; continuous flow culture; virulence C1 [Dunkley, K. D.; Kundinger, M. M.; Dunkley, C. S.; Ricke, S. C.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Callaway, T. R.; Anderson, R. C.; Nisbet, D. J.] ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 105 EP 105 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200416 ER PT J AU Henderson, SN Wolfenden, AD Jarquin, RL Nava, GM Byrd, JA Hargis, BM AF Henderson, S. N. Wolfenden, A. D. Jarquin, R. L. Nava, G. M. Byrd, J. A. Hargis, B. M. TI Evaluation of the effect of fish meal supplementation on Salmonella enteritidis growth in chick starter in vitro SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Salmonella; crop; fish meal C1 [Henderson, S. N.; Wolfenden, A. D.; Jarquin, R. L.; Nava, G. M.; Hargis, B. M.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Byrd, J. A.] ARS, USDA, SPARC, College Stn, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 105 EP 105 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200419 ER PT J AU Basenko, EY Park, SW Peebles, ED Branton, SL Maurice, DV Whitmarsh, SK Gerard, PD AF Basenko, E. Y. Park, S. W. Peebles, E. D. Branton, S. L. Maurice, D. V. Whitmarsh, S. K. Gerard, P. D. TI Egg characteristics of commercial egg laying hens between 20 and 58 weeks of age when inoculated with the S6-strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticumat 10, 22, or 45 weeks of age SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE egg characteristics; lipid; Mycoplasma gallisepticum C1 [Basenko, E. Y.; Park, S. W.; Peebles, E. D.; Whitmarsh, S. K.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Branton, S. L.] USDA ARS, SCPRL, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Maurice, D. V.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC USA. [Gerard, P. D.] Mississippi State Univ, Expt Stat Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 108 EP 108 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200431 ER PT J AU Nava, GM Pixley, CM Jarquin, RL Sartor, CD Vicente, JL Tellez, G Donoghue, AM Hargis, BM AF Nava, G. M. Pixley, C. M. Jarquin, R. L. Sartor, C. D. Vicente, J. L. Tellez, G. Donoghue, A. M. Hargis, B. M. TI Reduction of Salmonella enteritidis infection by therapeutic administration of Lactobacillus probiotic culture SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Salmonella; probiotic; Lactobacilli C1 [Nava, G. M.; Pixley, C. M.; Jarquin, R. L.; Sartor, C. D.; Vicente, J. L.; Tellez, G.; Hargis, B. M.] Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Donoghue, A. M.] ARS, USDA, PPPSRU, Fayetteville, AR USA. RI Nava, Gerardo/J-9138-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 108 EP 109 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200432 ER PT J AU Rath, N Huff, W Balog, J Huff, G AF Rath, N. Huff, W. Balog, J. Huff, G. TI Experimental induction of tibial dyschondroplasia in chickens using a short regimen of feeding with thiram SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE tibial dyschondroplasia; thiram; chicken C1 [Rath, N.; Huff, W.; Balog, J.; Huff, G.] Univ Arkansas, USDA, ARS, Poultry Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 109 EP 109 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200433 ER PT J AU Reisenauer, VL MacNeil, MD AF Reisenauer, V. L. MacNeil, M. D. TI SAS tools to facilitate QTL discovery SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE computer programming; genome analysis; information systems C1 [Reisenauer, V. L.; MacNeil, M. D.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 109 EP 109 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500430 ER PT J AU De, S MacNeil, MD Wu, XL Michal, JJ Xiao, QX Garcia, MD Griffin, KB Gaskins, CT Reeves, JJ Busboom, JR Wright, RW Jiang, Z AF De, S. MacNeil, M. D. Wu, X. -L. Michal, J. J. Xiao, Q. X. Garcia, M. D. Griffin, K. B. Gaskins, C. T. Reeves, J. J. Busboom, J. R. Wright, R. W., Jr. Jiang, Z. TI Detection of quantitative trait loci for marbling and backfat in Wagyu x Limousin F2 crosses using a candidate gene approach SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE beef; carcass traits; candidate genes C1 [De, S.; Wu, X. -L.; Michal, J. J.; Xiao, Q. X.; Garcia, M. D.; Griffin, K. B.; Gaskins, C. T.; Reeves, J. J.; Busboom, J. R.; Wright, R. W., Jr.; Jiang, Z.] Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [MacNeil, M. D.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [De, S.] Natl Dairy Res Inst, Anim Biotechnol Ctr, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India. RI Jiang, Zhihua/A-3378-2008 OI Jiang, Zhihua/0000-0003-1986-088X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 111 EP 111 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500436 ER PT J AU Grings, EE Short, RE Heitschmidt, RK AF Grings, E. E. Short, R. E. Heitschmidt, R. K. TI Post-weaning production of steers front varying calving and weaning strategies SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE calving season; age at weaning; beef cattle C1 [Grings, E. E.; Short, R. E.; Heitschmidt, R. K.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh LARRL, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 111 EP 112 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500439 ER PT J AU Kruse, RE Tess, MW Grings, EE Short, RE Heitschmidt, RK Phillips, WA Mayeux, HS AF Kruse, R. E. Tess, M. W. Grings, E. E. Short, R. E. Heitschmidt, R. K. Phillips, W. A. Mayeux, H. S. TI Evaluation of beef cattle operations utilizing different seasons of calving, weaning strategies, post-weaning management, and retained ownership SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE beef cattle; calving date; marketting C1 [Kruse, R. E.; Tess, M. W.] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Grings, E. E.; Short, R. E.; Heitschmidt, R. K.; Phillips, W. A.; Mayeux, H. S.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 111 EP 111 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500438 ER PT J AU Alexander, BM Stobart, RH Russell, WC O'Rourke, KI Means, WJ Rules, DC Moss, GE AF Alexander, B. M. Stobart, R. H. Russell, W. C. O'Rourke, K. I. Means, W. J. Rules, D. C. Moss, G. E. TI Effect of selecting for scrapie resistance at codon 171 dissolved solids and sulfates to steers during the growing on ram performance and carcass quality SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE scrapie; genotype; performance C1 [Alexander, B. M.; Stobart, R. H.; Russell, W. C.; Means, W. J.; Rules, D. C.; Moss, G. E.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [O'Rourke, K. I.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 113 EP 113 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500446 ER PT J AU Long, M Ross, TT Edrington, TS Craddock, BF Salisbury, M Christensen, KL AF Long, M. Ross, T. T. Edrington, T. S. Craddock, B. F. Salisbury, M. Christensen, K. L. TI Incidence of escherichia coli and salmonella, in fecal, wool, and carcass samples in feedlot lambs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE E coli O157 : H7; Salmonella; feedlot lambas C1 [Long, M.; Ross, T. T.; Christensen, K. L.] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Edrington, T. S.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Craddock, B. F.] Texas Extens Serv, Conroe, TX 77303 USA. [Salisbury, M.] Angelo State Univ, San Angelo, TX 76909 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 114 EP 114 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500448 ER PT J AU Archibeque, SL Freetly, HC Cole, NA Ferrell, CL AF Archibeque, S. L. Freetly, H. C. Cole, N. A. Ferrell, C. L. TI Oscillating protein concentrations of finishing beef cattle diets improves nitrogen retention by improving nitrogen digestibility SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE heat production; oscillation; metabolism C1 [Archibeque, S. L.; Freetly, H. C.; Ferrell, C. L.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. [Cole, N. A.] ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 116 EP 116 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200463 ER PT J AU Olson, JL Roberts, AJ Ansotegui, RP Paterson, JA Funston, RN AF Olson, J. L. Roberts, A. J. Ansotegui, R. P. Paterson, J. A. Funston, R. N. TI Efficacy of art intravaginal progesterone insert and an injection of PGF(2 alpha) to advance date of breeding in postpartum beef cows while utilizing natural service SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE beef cows; CIDR; breeding date C1 [Olson, J. L.; Ansotegui, R. P.; Paterson, J. A.] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Roberts, A. J.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Funston, R. N.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 117 EP 117 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500463 ER PT J AU Walker, RS Enns, M Geary, TW Wamsley, NW Downing, ER Mortimer, RG LaShell, BA Zalesky, DD AF Walker, R. S. Enns, M. Geary, T. W. Wamsley, N. W. Downing, E. R. Mortimer, R. G. LaShell, B. A. Zalesky, D. D. TI Fertility in beef heifers synchronized using a modified co-Synch plus CIDR protocol with or without GnRH at timed AI SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE synchronization; GnRH; CIDR C1 [Enns, M.; Wamsley, N. W.; Downing, E. R.; Mortimer, R. G.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Geary, T. W.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 117 EP 117 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500461 ER PT J AU Kealey, CG MacNeil, MD Tess, MW Bellows, RE AF Kealey, C. G. MacNeil, M. D. Tess, M. W. Bellows, R. E. TI Genetic parameter estimates for yearling scrotal circumference and semen traits of Line 1 Hereford bulls SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE semen characters; cattle; genetic parameters C1 [Kealey, C. G.; Tess, M. W.] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [MacNeil, M. D.; Bellows, R. E.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 119 EP 119 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500469 ER PT J AU Smith, RM AF Smith, R. M. TI What are extension's roles in the early detection of agro-terrorism events? SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE extension; diagnostics; agro-terrorism C1 [Smith, R. M.] USDA, CSREES, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 121 EP 121 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200482 ER PT J AU Walburger, KJ DelCurto, T Vavra, M Pulsipher, GD AF Walburger, K. J. DelCurto, T. Vavra, M. Pulsipher, G. D. TI The long-term effects of cattle and(or) big game herbivory and logging on the subsequent diet quality of steers grazing grand fir (Abies grandis) habitats in northeastern Oregon SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Walburger, K. J.; DelCurto, T.; Pulsipher, G. D.] Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97103 USA. [Vavra, M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 122 EP 123 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500484 ER PT J AU ZoBell, DR Waldron, BL Olson, KC Harrison, RD Jensen, H AF ZoBell, D. R. Waldron, B. L. Olson, K. C. Harrison, R. D. Jensen, H. TI Utilization of forage kochia for fall/winter grazing SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [ZoBell, D. R.; Olson, K. C.; Jensen, H.] Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Waldron, B. L.; Harrison, R. D.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 123 EP 124 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500488 ER PT J AU Kraeling, RR Bush, EJ Dargatz, DA Wineland, NE Ladely, S Fedorka-Cray, PJ AF Kraeling, R. R. Bush, E. J. Dargatz, D. A. Wineland, N. E. Ladely, S. Fedorka-Cray, P. J. TI A USDA multi-agency project: Collaboration in animal health, food safety & epidemiology (CAHFSE) SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE swine; food safety; antimicrobial susceptibility C1 [Bush, E. J.; Dargatz, D. A.; Wineland, N. E.] USDA, APHIS VS, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 125 EP 125 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200500 ER PT J AU Reyes-Herrera, I Schneider, MJ Cole, K Bllore, PJ Donoghue, DJ AF Reyes-Herrera, I. Schneider, M. J. Cole, K. Bllore, P. J. Donoghue, D. J. TI Monitoring the safety of edible poultry tissues: Antibiotic residue concentrations can vary between different muscle tissues SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE enrofloxacin residues; muscle tissues; chicken C1 [Reyes-Herrera, I.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Schneider, M. J.] USDA, ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 125 EP 125 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200501 ER PT J AU Schultz, CL Edrington, TS Schroeder, SB Genovese, KJ Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Schultz, C. L. Edrington, T. S. Schroeder, S. B. Genovese, K. J. Anderson, R. C. Nisbet, D. J. TI The effects of melatonin supplementation oil E-coli O157 : H7 shedding in wethers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Schultz, C. L.; Edrington, T. S.; Genovese, K. J.; Anderson, R. C.; Nisbet, D. J.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Schroeder, S. B.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 125 EP 126 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500496 ER PT J AU Callaway, TR Stah, CH Edrington, TS Genovese, KJ Lincoln, LM Anderson, RC Harvey, RB Nisbet, DJ AF Callaway, T. R. Stah, C. H. Edrington, T. S. Genovese, K. J. Lincoln, L. M. Anderson, R. C. Harvey, R. B. Nisbet, D. J. TI Colicin E1, N and A treatment inhibits growth of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 strains in vitro SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE E. coli O157 : H7; intervention strategy; colicin C1 [Callaway, T. R.; Edrington, T. S.; Genovese, K. J.; Anderson, R. C.; Harvey, R. B.; Nisbet, D. J.] USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. [Stah, C. H.; Lincoln, L. M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 126 EP 126 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200505 ER PT J AU Merrill, ML Ansotegui, RP Geary, TW AF Merrill, M. L. Ansotegui, R. P. Geary, T. W. TI Effect of flunixin meglumine on early embryonic mortality in stressed beef females SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Merrill, M. L.; Ansotegui, R. P.] Montana State Univ, Miles City, MT USA. [Geary, T. W.] USDA ARS Ft Keogh, Miles City, MT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 126 EP 126 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500497 ER PT J AU Shroeder, SS Edrington, TS Looper, ML Schultz, CL Rosenkrans, CF Flores, R Callaway, TR Anderson, RC Ramsey, S Nisbet, DJ AF Shroeder, S. S. Edrington, T. S. Looper, M. L. Schultz, C. L. Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr. Flores, R. Callaway, T. R. Anderson, R. C. Ramsey, S. Nisbet, D. J. TI incidence of foodborne pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility of fecal coliforms in stocker calves fedionophore SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE ionophore; foodborne pathogens; antimicrobial susceptibility C1 [Shroeder, S. S.; Ramsey, S.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr.; Flores, R.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Looper, M. L.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farm Res Ctr, Booneville, AR USA. [Edrington, T. S.; Schultz, C. L.; Callaway, T. R.; Anderson, R. C.; Nisbet, D. J.] ARS, USDA, Food & Feed Safety Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 129 EP 129 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500509 ER PT J AU Obeidat, BS Strickland, JR Vogt, ML Loest, CA Sawyer, JE Reed, MM Krehbiel, CR Taylor, JB Halalsheh, RA Chen, L AF Obeidat, B. S. Strickland, J. R. Vogt, M. L. Loest, C. A. Sawyer, J. E. Reed, M. M. Krehbiel, C. R. Taylor, J. B. Halalsheh, R. A. Chen, L. TI Effects of locoweed on serum constituents and rumen profiles of sheep SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE locoweed; rumen; digestion; sheep C1 [Obeidat, B. S.; Vogt, M. L.; Loest, C. A.; Reed, M. M.; Halalsheh, R. A.; Chen, L.] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Strickland, J. R.] ARS, USDA, ForageAnim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Krehbiel, C. R.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Sawyer, J. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 130 EP 130 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500516 ER PT J AU Connor, EE Capuco, AV Sonstegard, TS AF Connor, E. E. Capuco, A. V. Sonstegard, T. S. TI Use of serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) for gene transcript profiling in lactating bovine mammary gland SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE mammary gland; gene expression; cattle C1 [Connor, E. E.; Capuco, A. V.; Sonstegard, T. S.] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 131 EP 131 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200523 ER PT J AU Ward, MA Caton, JS Taylor, JB Lawler, TL Hallford, DM AF Ward, M. A. Caton, J. S. Taylor, J. B. Lawler, T. L. Hallford, D. M. TI Effect of level and source of selenium on maternal and fetal metabolic hormones in serum of pregnant yearling ewes SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE selenium; hormones; pregnancy C1 [Ward, M. A.; Caton, J. S.] N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Taylor, J. B.; Lawler, T. L.] ARS, USDA, Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID USA. [Hallford, D. M.] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 BP 132 EP 133 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V50XR UT WOS:000203441500525 ER PT J AU Kendall, DC Fent, RW Fu, SX Usry, JL Carroll, JA Allee, GL AF Kendall, D. C. Fent, R. W. Fu, S. X. Usry, J. L. Carroll, J. A. Allee, G. L. TI The effect of dietary protein on growth performance and fecal consistency of 9 to 24 kg pigs following an enteric challenge with K88 E. coli SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE pigs; E. coli; protein C1 [Usry, J. L.] Ajinimoto Heartland LLC, Chicago, IL USA. [Carroll, J. A.] USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. [Kendall, D. C.; Fent, R. W.; Fu, S. X.; Allee, G. L.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 138 EP 138 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200552 ER PT J AU Lombard, JE McCluskey, BJ Ott, SL Garry, FB AF Lombard, J. E. McCluskey, B. J. Ott, S. L. Garry, F. B. TI Financial costs of Johne's disease on US dairy operations SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Johne's; dairy; economics C1 [Lombard, J. E.; McCluskey, B. J.; Ott, S. L.] USDA APHIS VS, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Lombard, J. E.; McCluskey, B. J.; Ott, S. L.] USDA APHIS VS, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Lombard, J. E.; Garry, F. B.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 141 EP 141 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200564 ER PT J AU Lombard, JE Byrem, T McCluskey, BJ AF Lombard, J. E. Byrem, T. McCluskey, B. J. TI Comparison of paired milk and serum ELISA for diagnosis of Johnes disease in dairy cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Johne's; milk ELISA; diagnostics C1 [Lombard, J. E.; McCluskey, B. J.] USDA APHIS VS, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Lombard, J. E.; McCluskey, B. J.] USDA APHIS VS, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Lombard, J. E.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Byrem, T.] Antel Biosyst Inc, Lansing, MI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 141 EP 141 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200563 ER PT J AU Lombard, JE Dinsmore, RP Wenz, JR Tapp, C AF Lombard, J. E. Dinsmore, R. P. Wenz, J. R. Tapp, C. TI Evaluation of the association between bulk tank somatic cell count and management practices on US dairy operations; Results from the NAHMS Dairy 2002 study SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE milk; SCC; management C1 [Lombard, J. E.] USDA APHIS VS, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Lombard, J. E.] USDA APHIS VS, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Lombard, J. E.; Dinsmore, R. P.; Wenz, J. R.; Tapp, C.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 141 EP 141 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200562 ER PT J AU Zartman, DL Rotz, CA Crandall, KL AF Zartman, D. L. Rotz, C. A. Crandall, K. L. TI Economic and environmental feasibility of a continuous four-year lactation model SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE perennial; lactation; long-term C1 [Zartman, D. L.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Rotz, C. A.] USDA ARS, University Pk, PA USA. [Crandall, K. L.] DHI Comp Serv Inc, Provo, UT USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 142 EP 142 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200566 ER PT J AU Patterson, PH Hulet, RM Cravener, TL Hester, PY Kleinman, PJ Sharpley, AN AF Patterson, P. H. Hulet, R. M. Cravener, T. L. Hester, P. Y. Kleinman, P. J. Sharpley, A. N. TI Heavy torn strains fed low calcium and phosphorus diets supplemented with phytase 2. Impact on litter total P, soluble P and bone integrity SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE turkey; litter; phosphorus C1 [Patterson, P. H.; Hulet, R. M.; Cravener, T. L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hester, P. Y.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kleinman, P. J.; Sharpley, A. N.] USDA ARS, University Pk, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 143 EP 143 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200570 ER PT J AU Lilburn, MS Mitchell, A Pierson, EEM AF Lilburn, M. S. Mitchell, A. Pierson, E. E. M. TI Detection of Campylobacter and Salmonella in the mature and immature ovarian follicles of late-life broiler breeder hens SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Campylobacter; Salmonella; ovarian follicles C1 [Lilburn, M. S.] Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH USA. [Mitchell, A.] USDA, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Pierson, E. E. M.] Danisco Anim Nutr, St Louis, MO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 145 EP 145 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200578 ER PT J AU Lilburn, MS Mitchell, A Pierson, EEM AF Lilburn, M. S. Mitchell, A. Pierson, E. E. M. TI The effects of supplemental enzyme (AVIZYME 1502) and phytase (PHYZYME) on phosphorus nutrition in broiler breeders SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE broiler breeders; phosphorus phytase C1 [Lilburn, M. S.] Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH USA. [Mitchell, A.] USDA, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Pierson, E. E. M.] Danisco Anim Nutr, St Louis, MO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 145 EP 145 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200577 ER PT J AU Lilburn, MS Mitchel, A AF Lilburn, M. S. Mitchel, A. TI The effect of daily photoperiod on growth of commercial broilers. 3. Skeletal development SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE bone; photoperiod; calcium C1 [Lilburn, M. S.] Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH USA. [Mitchel, A.] USDA, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 146 EP 146 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200581 ER PT J AU Miles, DM Owens, PR Rowe, DE Branton, SL AF Miles, D. M. Owens, P. R. Rowe, D. E. Branton, S. L. TI Spatial disparity of ammonia flux within a broiler house at one and 21 days of age SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE ammonia; broiler; emissions C1 [Miles, D. M.; Owens, P. R.; Rowe, D. E.] USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Branton, S. L.] USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 146 EP 146 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200583 ER PT J AU Rolon, A Bailey, JS Holt, PS Hofacre, CL Wilson, JL Cosby, DE Richardson, LJ Cox, NA AF Rolon, A. Bailey, J. S. Holt, P. S. Hofacre, C. L. Wilson, J. L. Cosby, D. E. Richardson, L. J. Cox, N. A. TI Salmonella vaccination programs in broiler breeders. II. Resistance to challenge under a multiple marker strain model SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Salmonella; broiler breeders; competitive exclusion C1 [Rolon, A.; Hofacre, C. L.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bailey, J. S.; Holt, P. S.; Wilson, J. L.; Cosby, D. E.; Richardson, L. J.; Cox, N. A.] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 146 EP 147 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200584 ER PT J AU Rolon, A Bailey, JS Holt, PS Hofacre, CL Wilson, JL Cosby, DE Richardson, LJ Cox, NA AF Rolon, A. Bailey, J. S. Holt, P. S. Hofacre, C. L. Wilson, J. L. Cosby, D. E. Richardson, L. J. Cox, N. A. TI Salmonella vaccination programs in broiler breeders. I. Humoral and mucosal immune response SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Salmonella; vaccination; immune response C1 [Rolon, A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bailey, J. S.; Holt, P. S.; Wilson, J. L.; Cosby, D. E.; Richardson, L. J.; Cox, N. A.] USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30613 USA. [Hofacre, C. L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Avian Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 146 EP 146 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200582 ER PT J AU Proudman, JA Siopes, TD AF Proudman, J. A. Siopes, T. D. TI Programming of photorefractoriness: The Turkey breeder hen is not like a tree sparrow SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE photorefractoriness; Turkey; photoperiod C1 [Proudman, J. A.] ARS, USDA, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Siopes, T. D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 153 EP 153 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200613 ER PT J AU Bourassa, DV Buhr, RJ Fletcher, DL Berrang, ME Cason, JA AF Bourassa, D. V. Buhr, R. J. Fletcher, D. L. Berrang, M. E. Cason, J. A. TI Enrichment pH impact on salmonellae recovery from TSP-treated broiler carcasses SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE trisodium phosphate; salmonellae; pH C1 [Bourassa, D. V.; Fletcher, D. L.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bourassa, D. V.; Buhr, R. J.; Berrang, M. E.; Cason, J. A.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 155 EP 155 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200620 ER PT J AU Cason, JA Berrang, ME Smith, DP AF Cason, J. A. Berrang, M. E. Smith, D. P. TI Recovery of bacteria from broiler carcasses rinsed 0 or 24 hours after chilling SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE carcass rinse; coliforins; E. coli C1 [Cason, J. A.; Berrang, M. E.; Smith, D. P.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 155 EP 155 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200621 ER PT J AU Northcutt, JK Smith, DP Musgrove, MT Ingram, KD Hinton, A AF Northcutt, J. K. Smith, D. P. Musgrove, M. T. Ingram, K. D. Hinton, A., Jr. TI Effects of spray washing with various chlorine levels and water temperatures on skin color and microbiology of broiler carcasses SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE inside-outside bird washer; chlorine; carcass contamination C1 [Northcutt, J. K.; Smith, D. P.; Musgrove, M. T.; Ingram, K. D.; Hinton, A., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 155 EP 155 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200619 ER PT J AU Smith, DP Northcutt, JK Musgrove, MT AF Smith, D. P. Northcutt, J. K. Musgrove, M. T. TI Effect of a commercial inside-outside bird washer (IOBW) on Campylobacter, Salmonella, E. coli, and aerobic plate counts (APC) of uncontaminated, contaminated, and cross-contaminated broiler carcasses SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE inside-outside bird washer; fecal contamination; broiler carcass C1 [Smith, D. P.; Northcutt, J. K.; Musgrove, M. T.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 155 EP 155 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200618 ER PT J AU Anderson, KE Patterson, PH Koelkebeck, KW Darre, MJ Carey, JB Ahn, DU Emst, RA Kuney, DR Jones, DR AF Anderson, K. E. Patterson, P. H. Koelkebeck, K. W. Darre, M. J. Carey, J. B. Ahn, D. U. Emst, R. A. Kuney, D. R. Jones, D. R. TI National egg temperature survey: 3. Transport SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE egg transport; egg temperatures; shell eggs C1 [Anderson, K. E.] N Carolina State Univ, University Pk, PA USA. [Patterson, P. H.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Koelkebeck, K. W.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Darre, M. J.] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA. [Carey, J. B.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Ahn, D. U.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. [Emst, R. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kuney, D. R.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Jones, D. R.] USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 156 EP 157 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200626 ER PT J AU Musgrove, MT Jones, DR Northcutt, JK Harrison, MA Cox, NA AF Musgrove, M. T. Jones, D. R. Northcutt, J. K. Harrison, M. A. Cox, N. A. TI Impact of commercial processing on the microbiological safety and quality of shell eggs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE shell eggs; processing; bacteria C1 [Musgrove, M. T.; Harrison, M. A.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Musgrove, M. T.; Jones, D. R.; Northcutt, J. K.; Cox, N. A.] USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 157 EP 157 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200627 ER PT J AU Musgrove, MT Jones, DR Northcutt, JK Cox, NA Harrison, MA AF Musgrove, M. T. Jones, D. R. Northcutt, J. K. Cox, N. A. Harrison, M. A. TI Identification of Enterobacteriaceae and related organisms from rinses of eggs collected during processing in commercial shell egg processing plants in the southeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE shell eggs; processing; Enterobacteriaceae C1 [Musgrove, M. T.; Harrison, M. A.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Musgrove, M. T.; Jones, D. R.; Northcutt, J. K.; Cox, N. A.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 157 EP 157 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200628 ER PT J AU Poole, T McReynolds, J Callaway, T Nisbet, D AF Poole, T. McReynolds, J. Callaway, T. Nisbet, D. TI Acquisition and persistence of a high level macrolide resistant Veillonella sp without selection pressure SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE antibiotic resistance; macrolide; anaerobe C1 [Poole, T.; McReynolds, J.; Callaway, T.; Nisbet, D.] ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 166 EP 166 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200658 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, MA Casey, TA Petrich, JW AF Rasmussen, M. A. Casey, T. A. Petrich, J. W. TI Meat carcass inspection using fluorescence of dietary porphyrins SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE feces; fluorescence; carcass inspection C1 [Rasmussen, M. A.; Casey, T. A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. [Petrich, J. W.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 166 EP 167 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200661 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, MA Franklin, SL Carlson, SA AF Rasmussen, M. A. Franklin, S. L. Carlson, S. A. TI Predation survival in rumen protozoa enhances Salmonella virulence SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Salmonella; rumen protozoa; virulence C1 [Rasmussen, M. A.; Franklin, S. L.; Carlson, S. A.] ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RI Rasmussen, Mark/N-9509-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2004 VL 82 SU 1 BP 166 EP 166 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA V45UM UT WOS:000203095200659 ER PT J AU Eun, JS Fellner, V Burns, JC Gumpertz, ML AF Eun, JS Fellner, V Burns, JC Gumpertz, ML TI Fermentation of eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides [L.] L.) by mixed cultures of ruminal microorganisms with or without supplemental corn SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE corn supplementation; gamagrass; microbial nitrogen ID VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; GRASS-SILAGE; DAIRY-COWS; RUMEN FERMENTATION; NITROGEN DIGESTION; MICROBIAL PROTEIN; ENERGY-UTILIZATION; GAS-PRODUCTION; BACTERIA; CATTLE AB Five dual-flow fermentors (700 mL) were used to determine the effects of eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides [L.] L.) diets on microbial metabolism by mixed rumen cultures. Fermentors were incubated with filtered ruminal contents and allowed to adapt for 4 d to diets followed by 3 d of sample collection. Five dietary treatments were tested: 1) gamagrass hay (GH) + no corn (GHNC), 2) gama grass silage (GS) + no corn (GSNC), 3) GS + low corn (GSLC), 4) GS + medium corn (GSMC); and 5) GS + high corn (GSHC). The experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with five treatments and three replications. Total VFA concentrations were not affected by diets. Corn addition linearly decreased (P < 0.001) molar proportion of acetate. In contrast, molar proportion of propionate was reduced in GSLC (cubic effect, P < 0.001) but remained similar across other diets. Corn supplementation linearly increased molar proportion of butyrate (P < 0.001). The acetate + butyrate-to-propionate ratio was highest in cultures offered GSLC (cubic effect, P < 0.001) but similar across other diets. Feeding GSNC resulted in a higher ruminal pH compared with GHNC (P < 0.03). Increasing the level of corn supplementation in GS linearly decreased culture pH (P < 0.001). All diets resulted in similar methane production, with the exception of GSMC, which lowered methane output (quadratic effect, P < 0.004). Total substrate fermented to VFA and gas tended to be greater with GHNC than with GSNC (P < 0.06) and linearly increased with the addition of corn (P < 0.004). Neutral detergent fiber digestibility was similar between GH and GS and was not affected by supplemental corn. Microbial N flow increased in cultures offered GSHC (quadratic effect, P < 0.02). Corn supplementation at the medium and high level linearly decreased C-18:0 (P < 0.02) and increased trans-C-18:1 (P < 0.004). Including corn at the high level with GS did not have a detrimental effect on fermentation in dual-flow fermentors. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Fellner, V (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Vivek_Fellner@ncsu.edu NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 82 IS 1 BP 170 EP 178 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 762WQ UT WOS:000188005500017 PM 14753359 ER EF