FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Teasdale, JR Abdul-Baki, AA Mills, DJ Thorpe, KW AF Teasdale, JR Abdul-Baki, AA Mills, DJ Thorpe, KW BE Bertschinger, L Anderson, JD TI Enhanced pest management with cover crop mulches SO SUSTAINABILITY OF HORTICULTURAL SYSTEMS IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE Colorado potato beetle; early blight; hairy vetch; tomato; weed ID SOIL AB Living and dead plant vegetation on the surface of soils can provide opportunities for regulating pest populations in no-tillage production systems. Cover crops generate substantial quantities of surface vegetation and residue that can be managed to enhance control of pests. Research at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center has shown that weed germination and emergence is inhibited by high levels of cover crop mulch, that small-seeded annual weeds are particularly susceptible to suppression by mulches, and that herbicide use can be reduced when cover crops are incorporated into cropping systems. Growing mixtures of legume and cereal cover crops is a particularly effective way to produce large quantities of cover crop residue for weed suppression. Mulches with a high surface area-to-sou area ratio and a low amount of internal empty space are most highly correlated with inhibition of weed emergence. Foliar diseases can be reduced by a cover crop mulch, primarily by preventing dispersal of pathogen propagules through splashing and/or wind-borne processes. Cover crops can suppress establishment of soil-inhabiting herbivores such as Colorado potato beetle by disrupting emergence and migration behavior. Reduction of weed and pest populations by cover crops has reduced or eliminated crop yield loss caused by these organisms. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Teasdale, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-707-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2004 IS 638 BP 135 EP 140 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BAV05 UT WOS:000223697400016 ER PT S AU Krizek, DT Gitz, DC Ritchie, JC AF Krizek, DT Gitz, DC Ritchie, JC BE Bertschinger, L Anderson, JD TI Biomass accumulation and partitioning of eastern gamagrass grown under different temperature and CO2 levels SO SUSTAINABILITY OF HORTICULTURAL SYSTEMS IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE Tripsacum dactyloides; plant growth; CO2 enrichment; SPAR chambers; C-4; carbon sequestration ID ELEVATED CO2; ROOT PENETRATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GAS-EXCHANGE; RESPONSES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PANICUM; ALFALFA; DROUGHT; CROPS AB Eastern gamagrass has been reported to have one of the highest photosynthetic rates of any C-4 species but data on temperature X CO2 interactions are lacking. This study was conducted to determine the potential effects of future increases of atmospheric carbon dioxide on growth, biomass accumulation and root/shoot carbon allocation under three day/night temperatures and two CO2 levels. Eastern gamagrass (cv. Pete) plants were grown in 1 m(3) soil bins containing sand:vermiculite (1:1), fertilized weekly with a complete nutrient solution in closed, transparent SPAR (Soil, Plant, Atmospheric Research) chambers maintained at 370 or 740 mumol mol(-1) CO2 and 20/14degrees, 27.5/21.5degrees or 35/29degreesC day/night temperatures, and allowed to develop from mid-May to mid-October. Three harvests were taken during this period. Leaves were collected during the first two harvests. During the final harvest, leaves, crowns, and roots were collected from each individual plant. The optimum day/night temperature under our conditions for biomass accumulation in the leaves (35/29degreesC) was higher than that for the crowns and roots (27.5/21.5degreesC). Biomass accumulation in leaves increased two-fold over the entire temperature range. Temperature had a greater effect on vegetative growth than CO2. CO2 enhanced biomass accumulation was modest, restricted to leaves, and observed only at higher temperatures and later in development. Under optimum soil moisture conditions in the SPAR chambers, high amounts of carbon were captured in the above ground biomass for later incorporation into soil. This study demonstrates the potential of eastern gamagrass to capture carbon for sequestration under projected global climate change scenarios. C1 USDA ARS, BARC W, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Krizek, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC W, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-707-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2004 IS 638 BP 293 EP 299 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BAV05 UT WOS:000223697400040 ER PT S AU Abdul-Baki, A Bryan, H Klassen, W Carrera, L Li, YC Wang, Q AF Abdul-Baki, A Bryan, H Klassen, W Carrera, L Li, YC Wang, Q BE Bertschinger, L Anderson, JD TI Low production cost alternative systems are the avenue for future sustainability of vegetable growers in the U.S SO SUSTAINABILITY OF HORTICULTURAL SYSTEMS IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE tomato production; cover crops; methyl bromide; nematode resistance; Montreal Protocol; North American Free Trade Agreement ID MELOIDOGYNE; MANAGEMENT AB Future sustainability of the vegetable growers in the U.S. will depend on coping with regulations imposed by the global market, and on adoption of production practices that keep production cost low and competitive, conserve natural resources, and protect the environment. Two major policies-The Montreal Protocol and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) adversely affected the vegetable growers in the U.S. in general and in Florida in particular. With the banning of methyl bromide (MeBr) and the fragility of the ecosystem, there is a need to develop production practices that maintain or further increase high yields at reduced chemical inputs. We describe an environmentally friendly production system that meets this need. C1 USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Abdul-Baki, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-707-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2004 IS 638 BP 419 EP 423 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BAV05 UT WOS:000223697400053 ER PT S AU Kumar, V Milis, DJ Anderson, JD Mattoo, AK AF Kumar, V Milis, DJ Anderson, JD Mattoo, AK BE Bertschinger, L Anderson, JD TI Delayed senescence and disease tolerance of tomato plants cultivated in cover crop mulch correlates with accumulation of specific gene products SO SUSTAINABILITY OF HORTICULTURAL SYSTEMS IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE mulch; vetch; plastic; Lycopersicon esculentum; defoliation; disease; proteins ID FRESH-MARKET TOMATOES; DIFFERING BED STRATEGIES; HAIRY VETCH; SPLASH DISPERSAL; FOLIAR DISEASE; EXPRESSION; NITRATE; REQUIREMENTS; SUPPRESSION; SYSTEM AB Vegetable production is heavily dependent upon high off-farm inputs of polyethylene (plastic) mulch, nitrogen fertilizer and pesticides. Such a production practice potentially contributes to the unintentional environmental pollution with fertilizer and pesticides as well as water run off and soil erosion. This raises serious environmental concerns for human and animal health. The integration of on-farm biological inputs into vegetable production system is one potential means of reducing the dependence on off-farm inputs. In recent years, alternative agriculture practices have tested cover crops like hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) as on-farm biological inputs that have the potential to reduce both erosion and the use of agrochemicals without impacting the yield or quality of the produce. Field-grown, fresh market tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L) plants cultivated in hairy vetch mulch display reduced defoliation and tolerance to disease as compared to plants cultivated in the plastic mulch. We have initiated a molecular approach to test whether these beneficial attributes are linked to changes in the expression profiles of one or more specific gene products. The data indicated that vetch-grown tomato plants have increased accumulation of transcripts and proteins that are central to delayed senescence and disease suppression. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mattoo, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Vegetable Lab, Bldg 010A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-707-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2004 IS 638 BP 497 EP 502 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BAV05 UT WOS:000223697400063 ER PT J AU Klepzig, KD Six, DL AF Klepzig, KD Six, DL TI Bark beetle-fungal symbiosis: Context dependency in complex associations SO SYMBIOSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symbiosis Congress CY AUG 16-23, 2003 CL Halifax, CANADA SP US Natl Sci Fdn DE Ophiostoma; Scolytidae; mites; mutualism; antagonism ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; BLUE-STAIN FUNGI; DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE COLEOPTERA; FRONTALIS ZIMMERMANN COLEOPTERA; IPS-SEXDENTATUS BOERNER; PROTHORACIC MYCANGIUM; TRANSPORT STRUCTURES; CERATOCYSTIS-MINOR; TARSONEMUS ACARINA; BROOD DEVELOPMENT AB Recent thinking in symbiosis research has emphasized a holistic consideration of these complex interactions. Bark beetles and their associated microbes are one group which has previously not been addressed in this manner. We review the study of symbiotic interactions among bark beetles and microbes in fight of this thinking. We describe the considerable progress already made, examine areas where further progress could be made, and propose new approaches to be used, in understanding these important organisms. We place emphasis on the manner in which context (e.g., abiotic and biotic factors) can influence these interactions and change their nature. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Klepzig, KD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM kklepzig@fs.fed.us; six@forestry.umt.edu NR 97 TC 72 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0334-5114 EI 1878-7665 J9 SYMBIOSIS JI Symbiosis PY 2004 VL 37 IS 1-3 BP 189 EP 205 PG 17 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 848NI UT WOS:000223474000011 ER PT J AU Six, DL Klepzig, KD AF Six, DL Klepzig, KD TI Dendroctonus bark beetles as model systems for studies on symbiosis SO SYMBIOSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symbiosis Congress CY AUG 16-23, 2003 CL Halifax, CANADA SP US Natl Sci Fdn DE Ophiostoma; Leptographium; Entomocorticium; mycangium; mycangia; mycangial fungi; mutualism; antagonism ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; BLUE-STAIN FUNGI; PONDEROSAE HOPK COLEOPTERA; DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE; MYCANGIAL FUNGI; LODGEPOLE PINE; CERATOCYSTIS-MINOR; LEPTOGRAPHIUM-TEREBRANTIS; OPHIOSTOMA-CLAVIGERUM; PROTHORACIC MYCANGIUM AB Several characteristics of Dendroctonus-fungus symbioses make these associations ideal model systems for studying the development and maintenance of ectosymbioses. Within this relatively small genus, structures specialized for dissemination of symbionts (mycangia) have evolved at least three times, allowing comparisons of symbioses within and among mycangial and non-mycangial lineages. In addition to possessing highly specific symbionts that exhibit parallel cladogenesis with their hosts, many beetles are also associated with what appear to be "invaders". Dendroctonits species also exhibit considerable variation in life history and host tree range, factors which are likely to greatly affect the degree and manner in which they interact with fungi. In this paper, we develop a framework for developing and testing predictions on Dendroctonus-fungus symbioses. To develop the framework we categorized the nineteen species of Dendroctonus into five groups based on phylogenetic lineage. For each species, we summarized their life histories and associations with fungi. Using this framework, we then develop predictions on where particular association types are most likely to occur. Finally, we present three examples of Dendroctonits-fungus symbioses. C1 Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Six, DL (reprint author), Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM six@forestry.umt.edu NR 93 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 5 U2 21 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0334-5114 J9 SYMBIOSIS JI Symbiosis PY 2004 VL 37 IS 1-3 BP 207 EP 232 PG 26 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 848NI UT WOS:000223474000012 ER PT J AU Berry, PE Wiedenhoeft, AC AF Berry, PE Wiedenhoeft, AC TI Micrandra inundata (Euphorbiaceae), a new species with unusual wood anatomy from black-water river banks in southern Venezuela SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article ID IMPERFORATE TRACHEARY ELEMENTS; TERMINOLOGY AB Micrandra inundata is a distinctive new species adapted to seasonally flooded black-water river banks in southern Venezuela. Trees rarely exceed 10 m in height but have thick basal trunks composed of very lightweight wood. It has the smallest leaves and fruits of any known Micrandra species and appears to be most closely related to M. minor Benth. The botanical description is accompanied by habit photographs, line illustrations of morphological features, and photomicrographs and detailed descriptions of the wood anatomy. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Berry, PE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, 132 Birge Hall,430 Lincoln Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM peberry@wisc.edu NR 30 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI BRONX PA NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, BRONX, NY 10458-5126 USA SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 29 IS 1 BP 125 EP 133 DI 10.1600/036364404772974040 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 779PV UT WOS:000189310000012 ER PT J AU Parikh, DV Calamari, TA Goynes, WR Chen, Y Jirsak, O AF Parikh, DV Calamari, TA Goynes, WR Chen, Y Jirsak, O TI Compressibility of cotton blend perpendicular-laid nonwovens SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Perpendicular-laid and cross-laid highloft nonwoven fabrics are constructed of cotton, polyester, and bicomponent co-polyester bonding fibers. Kawabata parameters describing the compressional resistance and recovery of these fabrics are measured with a computerized Q-test instrument. Results are obtained from tests replicated by two independent operators in triplicate and on different dates. Compared to cross-laid fabrics, perpendicular-laid fabrics show higher compressional resistance and superior elastic properties. These results confirm earlier findings on the compressional behavior of highlofts determined on a Gustin-Bacon thickness measurement instrument. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Tech Univ Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic. RP Parikh, DV (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 74 IS 1 BP 7 EP 12 DI 10.1177/004051750407400102 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 770RL UT WOS:000188744600002 ER PT J AU Simko, I Costanzo, S Haynes, KG Christ, BJ Jones, RW AF Simko, I Costanzo, S Haynes, KG Christ, BJ Jones, RW TI Linkage disequilibrium mapping of a Verticillium dahliae resistance quantitative trait locus in tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum) through a candidate gene approach SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; TOMATO; MAPS; POPULATION; CULTIVARS; DIVERSITY; ALIGNMENT AB We have used the linkage disequilibrium mapping method to test for an association between a candidate gene marker and resistance to Verticillium dahliae in tetraploid potato. A probe derived from the tomato Verticillium resistance gene (Ve1) identified homologous sequences (StVe1) in potato, which in a diploid population map to chromosome 9, in a position analogous to that of the tomato resistance gene. When a molecular marker closely linked (1.5 cM) to the homologues was used as a candidate gene marker on 137 tetraploid potato genotypes (mostly North American cultivars), the association between the marker and resistance was confirmed (P<0.001). The amount of phenotypic variation in resistance explained by the allele of the STM1051 marker was greater than 10% and 25% in two subpopulations that were inferred from coancestry data matrix. Cloning of homologues from the highly resistant potato cv. Reddale indicates that the resistance quantitative trait locus (QTL) comprises at least an eleven-member family, encoding plant-specific leucine-rich repeat proteins highly similar to the tomato Ve genes. The sequence analysis shows that all homologues are uninterrupted open reading frames and thus represent putative functional resistance genes. This is the first time that the linkage disequilibrium method has been used to find an association between a resistance gene and a candidate gene marker in tetraploid potato. We have shown that it is possible to map QTL directly on already available potato cultivars, without developing a new mapping population. C1 ARS, Vegetable Lab, USDA, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Simko, I (reprint author), ARS, Vegetable Lab, USDA, PSI, Bldg 010A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM simkoi@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Simko, Ivan/J-6048-2012 OI Simko, Ivan/0000-0002-8769-8477 NR 43 TC 75 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 108 IS 2 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1007/s00122-003-1431-9 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 763HR UT WOS:000188079400005 PM 14523522 ER PT J AU Simko, I Haynes, KG Jones, RW AF Simko, I Haynes, KG Jones, RW TI Mining data from potato pedigrees: tracking the origin of susceptibility and resistance to Verticillium dahliae in North American cultivars through molecular marker analysis SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-RESISTANCE; LATE BLIGHT; WILT; QTL AB Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivated in North America is an autotetraploid species with a narrow genetic base. Most of the popular commercial cultivars are susceptible to Verticillium dahliae, a fungal pathogen causing Verticillium wilt disease, though some cultivars with relatively high resistance also exist. We have used the available pedigree information to track the origin of susceptibility and resistance to Verticillium wilt present in cultivated potatoes. One hundred thirty-nine potato cultivars and breeding selections were analyzed for resistance to the pathogen and for the presence of the microsatellite marker allele STM1051-193 that is closely linked to the resistance quantitative trait locus located on the short arm of chromosome 9. We detected an unusually high frequency of susceptible genotypes in the progeny descending from the breeding selection USDA X96-56. Molecular analysis revealed that USDA X96-56 does not have the STM1051-193 allele. Most of the first-generation progeny of this breeding selection also lack the allele. On the other hand, pedigree analysis indicated that breeding selection USDA 41956 often transfers V. dahliae resistance to its progeny. Molecular analysis detected presence of (at least) three STM1051-193 alleles in this breeding selection. These two genotypes (USDA X96-56 and USDA 41956) appear to have contributed greatly to the susceptibility or resistance, respectively, found in present commercial cultivars. Our results also indicate that the maturity class substantially affects the plant resistance response. In the intermediate to very late maturing class, the presence of the STM1051-193 allele significantly increases the resistance. Early to very early potatoes are usually more susceptible to the disease regardless of the allelic status, though the pattern of the allele effect is always the same. The results indicate that the STM1051-193 allele can be used for marker-assisted selection, but the potato maturity class also needs to be considered when making the final decision about the plant resistance level. C1 ARS, Vegetable Lab, USDA, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Simko, I (reprint author), ARS, Vegetable Lab, USDA, PSI, Bldg 010A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM simkoi@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Simko, Ivan/J-6048-2012 OI Simko, Ivan/0000-0002-8769-8477 NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 108 IS 2 BP 225 EP 230 DI 10.1007/s00122-003-1448-0 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 763HR UT WOS:000188079400006 PM 14523519 ER PT B AU Pachepsky, L Kaul, M Walthall, C Daughtry, C Lydon, J AF Pachepsky, L Kaul, M Walthall, C Daughtry, C Lydon, J BE Novak, MM TI Need and feasibility of applying L-system models in agricultural crop modeling SO THINKING IN PATTERNS: FRACTALS AND RELATED PHENOMENA IN NATURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Thinking in Patterns -Fractals and Related Phenomena in Nature CY APR 04-07, 2004 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 USDA, ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pachepsky, L (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-822-2 PY 2004 BP 317 EP 318 DI 10.1142/9789812702746_0030 PG 2 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BCM63 UT WOS:000230001300030 ER PT J AU Nislow, KH Sepulveda, AJ Folt, CL AF Nislow, KH Sepulveda, AJ Folt, CL TI Mechanistic linkage of hydrologic regime to summer growth of age-0 Atlantic salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT; MICROHABITAT USE; LIFE-HISTORY; BROWN TROUT; SALAR FRY; STREAMS; HABITAT; MODEL; VARIABILITY; SIZE AB Significant reductions in juvenile stream salmonid growth have been observed in association with low summer flow, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood and predictive power is limited. We conducted a stage-specific analysis of the relationship between summer flow and the growth of age-0 Atlantic salmon Salmo solar in two rearing sites in the upper Connecticut River basin, New Hampshire. We contrasted effects of variation in foraging habitat availability and temperature on individual age-0 Atlantic salmon mass during one high-flow year and two low-flow years and from high- and low-flow sites within years. Overall age-0 Atlantic salmon mass was positively correlated with the availability of model-predicted favorable foraging locations and negatively correlated with density during the summer. Individual Atlantic salmon mass and the proportion of ternperature-predicted maximum mass were lowest during the two low-flow years and were lower in upstream than in downstream sections. Between-year variation in growth was not closely associated with temperature model predictions. However, some of the difference between upstream and downstream sections appeared to be associated with lower summer temperatures in the upstream section. Our case study provides a framework for combining empirical and modeling approaches to quantify the potential impact of hydrologic change on fish growth and for linking variation in stream discharge to juvenile Atlantic salmon performance across time and space. C1 Univ Massachusetts, USDA, Forest Serv, NW Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Nislow, KH (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, USDA, Forest Serv, NW Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM knislow@fs.fed.us NR 30 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 133 IS 1 BP 79 EP 88 DI 10.1577/T02-168 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 770RG UT WOS:000188744100008 ER PT J AU Raper, RL Grift, TE Tekeste, MZ AF Raper, RL Grift, TE Tekeste, MZ TI A portable tillage profiler for measuring subsoiling disruption SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 28-31, 2002 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE profile; soil disruption; subsoiling; tillage ID LASER SCANNER; ROUGHNESS; DEVICE; METER AB A portable tillage profiler (PTP) was constructed using a laser distance sensor, a linear actuator, a portable PC, and a lightweight aluminum frame that can quickly and accurately measure aboveground and belowground soil disruption caused by tillage. A laboratory experiment was conducted that determined that soil color did not detrimentally affect the PTP with expected vertical errors of 2.3 mm and horizontal errors of 0.6 mm being found. However when pure white and black objects were examined, the errors increased to 4.2 mm vertically and 11 mm horizontally. This maximum error was established when attempting to measure the height and width of a wedge, which had a sharpened edge pointing vertically upward. The PTP was used in the National Soil Dynamics Laboratory soil bins to measure both aboveground and belowground soil disruption caused by two subsoiler shanks. The PTP gave results that enabled differences between the aboveground disruptions caused by each subsoiler to be statistically established. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Raper, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM rlraper@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 47 IS 1 BP 23 EP 27 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 808ED UT WOS:000220551500003 ER PT J AU Hughs, SE Buser, MD Isom, R AF Hughs, SE Buser, MD Isom, R TI Emission factors for first- and second-pick Pima cotton SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 28-31, 2002 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE AP-42; emission factors; particulate matter; pima cotton; PM2.5; PM10. AB EPA's Region 9, which includes the major Pima production areas of California and Arizona, raised the concern of possible emission factor differences between first- and second-pick Pima cotton. Anecdotal evidence indicated that some complaints of excessive particulate emissions from Pima gins have arisen from the processing of second-pick cotton. A large amount of emission factor information has been developed over the past 20 years for cotton gins. While some of these data probably include some second-pick upland cotton, most of the upland cotton is harvested once-over with no second picking. There have also been emission factor data gathered for Pima gins, but none of these data can be verifiably attributed to second-pick Pima cotton. Due to the market value of the Pima fiber, there is a significant amount of second-pick Pima cotton ginned each year in EPA Region 9. A study was conducted at a commercial roller gin during the 2001 ginning season to determine what differences there were, if any, between the emission factors for first- and second-pick Pima cotton. Source testing was conducted on the first seed-cotton cleaning and drying system, which is one of the heaviest in terms of particulate emissions. This replicated source test showed that all measured emission parameters were lowerfor second-pick Pima cotton. This result indicates that there is no need for separate particulate emission factors for first- and second-pick Pima. This test also indicates that emissions determined by current EPA-approved source sampling methods may be overestimating emission levels by as much as 1.5 times. A final result is that the levels of PM2.5 (particles whose diameter is less than or equal to 2.5 mum) are less than 0.5% of the total emissions for either first- or second-pick Pima. C1 USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX USA. Calif Cotton Ginners Assoc, Tech Serv, Fresno, CA USA. RP Hughs, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, POB 578,300 E Coll Dr, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. EM shughs@nmsu.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 47 IS 1 BP 29 EP 35 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 808ED UT WOS:000220551500004 ER PT J AU Womac, AR Smith, CW Mulrooney, JE AF Womac, AR Smith, CW Mulrooney, JE TI Foliar spray banding characteristics SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE application technology; crop protection; droplet; environment; pesticide reduction; sprayer efficiency ID OIL; COTTON; SIZE AB Foliar spray banding was explored as a means of reducing pesticide use compared to broadcast applications. Various geometric spray patterns and delivery angles of foliar spray bands were investigated to increase spray deposits in a crop row at a constant spray rate of 94 L/ha. Wind-free laboratory results indicated that a banded application using three 65degrees hollow-cone nozzles, with a laser-measured volume median diameter (VMD) of 110 mum, resulted in the highest (p = 0.05) upper canopy coverage of water-sensitive paper (WSP) of 37%, compared to 31% for a broadcast, 80degrees flat-fan application (VMD = 152 mum). However the fore-aft trajectory created by a twin-orifice nozzle (VMD = 135 mum) resulted in less upper canopy deposit and did not increase deposit in the lower canopy. No statistical differences were observed in lower canopy WSP coverage. Cumulative volume distributions (CVD) of deposit droplet spectra in the upper and lower canopy indicated that large droplets were deposited on WSP in the lower canopy. Field test results indicated that the broadcast, 80degrees flat-fan nozzle produced the numerically highest malathion residues of 7.5 ng/cm(2) on leaf tops, but this was not statistically different (p = 0.05) from a banded 40degrees flat-fan nozzle application. Banded twin-orifice and three-nozzle hollow-cone treatments produced the statistically lowest (p = 0.05) leaf-top residues of <3 ng/cm(2). No significant (p = 0.05) differences were observed in leaf bottom residues and boll weevil mortality. In summary, downward-pointed sprays produced the greatest leaf-top residue levels under field conditions with a weak crosswind. Banded, narrow-angle (40degrees) flat-fan nozzles resulted in more deposit than a three-nozzle hollow-cone nozzle arrangement in the field. Thus, light wind conditions appeared to negate any advantages offered by multiple geometric spray patterns and delivery angles. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Environm Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Wood Prod Insect Res Unit, Starkville, MS USA. RP Womac, AR (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Environm Sci, 2506 EJ Chapman Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM awomac@utk.edu NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 47 IS 1 BP 37 EP 44 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 808ED UT WOS:000220551500005 ER PT J AU Farahani, HJ Buchleiter, GW AF Farahani, HJ Buchleiter, GW TI Temporal stability of soil electrical conductivity in irrigated sandy fields in Colorado SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE management zone; precision agriculture; soil electrical conductivity; soil variability; temporal stability ID ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION; CLASSIFICATION; SALINITY; CROP AB The utility of apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) remains elusive because of its complex interactions with soil properties. Nonetheless, a significant interest is emerging to utilize the spatial variability in ECa to guide direct soil sampling and develop varying site-specific management. While the spatial variability of ECa is of significant importance, understanding its temporal variability is equally important. That is particularly true if delineated ECa zones are to be used to manage agricultural inputs across the field for multiple years. We present multi-year (1998 to 2002) measurements of shallow (top 0.3 m of soil) and deep (top 0.9 m of soil) ECa from three irrigated sandy fields in eastern Colorado and quantify their degree of temporal change. During the study period, the fields were managed uniformly, including all farm operations and the applied inputs. For each field, soil ECa values were highly correlated between measurement days (for periods of a few days to four years between measurements) with coefficients ranging between 0.71 and 0.92 for shallow and 0.87 and 0.96 for deep ECa, but significant deviations from the 1:1 line (indicative of temporal variability) were exhibited by shallow ECa. In these non-saline and sandy fields, delineating spatial patterns of ECa into low, medium, and high zones was highly stable over time, mainly because they reflect the stable soil properties. Grid-by-grid comparison of the low, medium, and high ECa patterns front different measurement days showed mean matching percentages of 87, 74, and 78 for shallow and 93, 85, and 89 for deep ECa patterns, respectively, for the three fields. When salt concentration and buildup are low (as was the case herein), results suggest that single ECa mapping should suffice to delineate stable low, medium, and high ECa zones without a need for remapping. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Farahani, HJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 320, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM hamid.farahani@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 47 IS 1 BP 79 EP 90 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 808ED UT WOS:000220551500009 ER PT J AU van Donk, SJ Tollner, EW Steiner, JL Evett, SR AF van Donk, SJ Tollner, EW Steiner, JL Evett, SR TI Soil temperature under a dormant bermudagrass mulch: Simulation and measurement SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE bermudagrass; energy balance; ENWATBAL; mulch; soil temperature ID TURBULENT EXCHANGE PROCESSES; PLANT WATER EVAPORATION; PARTIAL SURFACE MULCH; ENERGY-BALANCE; CROP RESIDUE; STRAW MULCH; MOISTURE; SYSTEM; HEAT; RADIATION AB The ENergy and WATer BALance (ENWATBAL) model is a mechanistic, numerical model that simulates soil water and temperature profiles, evaporation from soil, and transpiration from crops, but it does not simulate the effects of a mulch layer. Surface vegetative mulches are becoming more common, especially in reduced-tillage systems, limiting the model's applicability. Our objective was to modify ENWATBAL to enable physically based simulation of the effects of a dense mulch. As a preliminary evaluation of the model, soil temperatures simulated with the modified model were compared with those measured at Watkinsville, Georgia, in Cecil sandy loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic, Typic Kanhapludult) under a dense, thatchy layer of dormant bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon, [L.] Pers.) that acted as a mulch during the simulation period. Measured daily soil temperature amplitudes at 0.04 m depth were about 2.5 degreesC during an 8-day period in December 1995. Simulated amplitudes were 12 degreesC with the original ENWATBAL model (configured for a bare soil) and 3.5 degreesC with the mulch-enhanced model. The root mean square error between hourly measured and simulated soil temperatures was 4.1 degreesC using the original ENWATBAL model and 1.1 degreesC using the mulch-enhanced model. Measured soil temperatures lagged behind those simulated, indicating that conduction may be an important process of heat transfer through the mulch. Two solution methods were tested: an iterative solution for mulch and soil surface temperatures implicit in the energy balance equations, and a linearized explicit solution of the energy balances. The latter method was 50 times faster than the iterative method without compromising accuracy; the largest linearization error was only 0.01 degreesC. The capability to simulate mulch effects increases the scope of problems where ENWATBAL is applicable. C1 USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, El Reno, OK USA. USDA ARS, Bushland, TX USA. RP van Donk, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM sdonk@weru.ksu.edu NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 47 IS 1 BP 91 EP 98 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 808ED UT WOS:000220551500010 ER PT J AU Zhu, H Lamb, MC Butts, CL Blankenship, PD AF Zhu, H Lamb, MC Butts, CL Blankenship, PD TI Improving peanut yield and grade with surface drip irrigation in undulating fields SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE kernel size; peanut; surface drip irrigation; topography; water use efficiency; yield ID FURROW IRRIGATION; SUBSURFACE; DROUGHT; TRICKLE; WATER AB A surface drip irrigation system was developed to irrigate peanut in two experimental fields: one with very little topographic variation on Greenville fine sandy loam soil, and one with undulating terrain containing 2.4% slope on Faceville fine sandy loam soil. Pod yield, kernel size distribution, and total sound mature kernels (TSMK) were evaluated with two peanut varieties, two planting patterns, and two drip tape lateral spacings. Test results were compared with the adjacent non-irrigated area planted with the same varieties of peanut. Soil temperature and volumetric water content were measured at different locations to monitor soil temperature and water movement from drip tapes. Maximum soil temperature in the irrigated area was substantially lower than in the non-irrigated area. For both 13 and 25 mm irrigations, about 16 h were required for water to move laterally 46 cm to reach the peak water content level. No significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in yields between 0.9 m and 1.8 m drip tape lateral spacings. Peanut yields with drip irrigation were 1.4 times those of the non-irrigated yield. The irrigation water use efficiency from surface drip irrigation was 10 kg/ha-mm during the two growing seasons. Yields tended to slightly decrease as the land elevation decreased for both irrigated and non-irrigated zones. Compared to the non-irrigated areas, the drip-irrigated area produced a greater portion of larger kernels than smaller kernels. In the undulating area, the average TSMK was 73.7% and 64.9% for drip-irrigated and non-irrigated treatments, respectively. Average gross revenue was $2,093 per ha with drip irrigation and $1,253 per ha with no irrigation. C1 USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. RP Zhu, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, OARDC, Agr Engn Bldg,1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM zhu.16@osu.edu NR 22 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 47 IS 1 BP 99 EP 106 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 808ED UT WOS:000220551500011 ER PT J AU Hagen, LJ AF Hagen, LJ TI Fine particulates (PM10 and PM2.5) generated by breakage of mobile aggregates during simulated wind erosion SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE breakage; dust; particulate; PM10; PM2.5; wind erosion ID SOIL AGGREGATE; PARTICLES; ABRASION; TEXTURE; VALLEY AB Wind erosion of soils generates fine particulates that are health hazards (PM10 and PM2.5) by three major processes: entrainment (emission) of loose mobile aggregates from the surface, abrasion from immobile clods/crusts, and breakage of mobile saltation/creep aggregates. To improve prediction of PM10 generation in erosion models, parameters must be established for these processes. The objectives of this research were to measure relative breakage fractions of saltation-size aggregates to suspension-size and thefractions of PM10 and PM2.5 generated by the breakage process for a range of soils. Soil samples were collected from nine states (Arizona, California, Nevada, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas). Sub-samples of the soils were used to determine organic matter and calcium carbonate fractions. Other sub-samples were dispersed to determine sand, silt, and clay fractions. The breakage process was simulated in the laboratory by repeated impacts of saltation-size aggregates in an enclosed chamber Relative breakage fractions averaged 0.044 for aggregates with saltation-size sand/clay ratios between 0.1 and 10. Fractions for aggregates with either large clay or saltation-size sand fractions were significantly less, averaging 0.015. The fraction of PM10 in the suspension component created by breakage (SF10(bk)) averaged 0.049 over all soils. The SF10(bk) was inversely proportional to both clay content and annual precipitation. Average SF10(bk) was 0.069 with clay fraction <0.1, but significantly lower (0.030) with clay fraction >0.1. The average ratio of PM2.5/PM10 was 0.154, but increased with saltation-size sand/clay ratio and decreased with precipitation. The predicted values ranged from about 0.1 to 0.3 (R-2 = 0.53). C1 USDA ARS, NPA Wind Eros Res Unit, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Hagen, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, NPA Wind Eros Res Unit, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM hagen@weru.ksu.edu NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 47 IS 1 BP 107 EP 112 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 808ED UT WOS:000220551500012 ER PT J AU Cermak, JD Gilley, JE Eghball, B Wienhold, BJ AF Cermak, JD Gilley, JE Eghball, B Wienhold, BJ TI Leaching and sorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by crop residue SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE corn; crop residue; nutrients; overland flow; runoff; soybeans; water quality; wheat ID WHEAT-STRAW RESIDUES; SIMULATED RAINFALL; ORGANIC-CARBON; RUNOFF; MANURE; CORN; LOSSES AB Overland flow from cropland areas often contains nutrients and residue materials can either contribute to runoff nutrient load through leaching or remove nutrients by sorption. Measurements were made of leaching and sorption of nitrogen and phosphorus from corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Pastiche) residues placed in solutions containing inorganic nutrients. Variables used were type of residue material, nutrient constituent, solution concentration, and residue I solution contact time. For a given residue material and nutrient constituent, four different solution concentrations were used (PO4-P: 0 to 16 mug mL(-1); NO3-N and NH4 N.- 0 to 24 mug mL(-1)), and changes in solution concentration over five selected residue/solution contact times (25 to 86400 sec) were measured. Soybean and wheat residue contained relatively small amounts of NO3-N and therefore had minimal impact on the NO3-N content of the solutions. An increase in initial solution concentration did not substantially affect PO4-P leaching from corn and soybean residue but caused the amount of NH4-N removed to decrease. As residue solution/contact time increased from 25 to 86400 s (I day), the amount of PO4-P leached from corn and soybean residue consistently increased. Wheat residue sorbed PO4-P with an increase in sorption generally resulting from greater residue solution/contact time. Thus, crop residue materials appear to have the potential to influence the N and P content of runoff through leaching and sorption. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Gilley, JE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 251 LW Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jgilley1@unl.edu NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 47 IS 1 BP 113 EP 118 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 808ED UT WOS:000220551500013 ER PT J AU Wilson, GV Dabney, SM McGregor, KC Barkoll, BD AF Wilson, GV Dabney, SM McGregor, KC Barkoll, BD TI Tillage and residue effects on runoff and erosion dynamics SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE erosion; residue cover runoff; tillage; water pressure ID LONG-TERM TILLAGE; SOIL LOSS; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; SHALLOW FLOW; SEDIMENT; DETACHMENT; SURFACE AB The carry-over effects from one year to the next of surface residue and tillage management decisions on runoff and erosion are not clear The dynamics of runoff and erosion processes during rainfall events are likely dependent on the tillage and residue management system. The objective of this study was to elucidate the effects of tillage practices and residue management, by removal of residue cover on the properties that describe the dynamics of the runoff and erosion processes. Six-row, 12.2 m long x 5.5 m wide, plots under conventional tillage (CT) or no tillage (NT) corn (Zea mays L.) for nine years were used in this study. Plots had an average slope of 5.7% on a Grenada silt loam (Glossic Fragiudalf) soil. Rainfall simulations were conducted on a 10.7 m x 3.7 m area within each plot at a rate of 65 mm h(-1) for 1 h under natural antecedent soil-water conditions (dry run),followed by a 0.5 h simulation 4 h later (wet run), and another 0.5 h application 30 min later (very wet run). The ten treatments consisted of an incomplete 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of two tillage histories (CTh and NTh), two tillage levels (tilled and not tilled), and three residue management levels (residue left, residue removed just prior to simulated rainfall, and residue removed one year prior to simulated rainfall). The missing treatments were the NTh-tilled and CTh-not tilled with residue left. The time of runoff initiation, maximum runoff rate, flow velocity, and maximum sediment concentration were used to describe differences in runoff and erosion dynamics. Residue removal resulted in significantly sooner runoff with the NT system. There was a significant carry-over effect of residue removal with runoff initiated 35% sooner the subsequent year of removal and sediment concentrations increasing by >100%. Maximum sediment concentrations were lower for the CTh land that was not tilled than for the tilled despite the untilled land experiencing sooner runoff and higher runoff rates. Tilling NTh land resulted in significantly lower sediment concentrations than tilling CTh land, suggesting that the soil quality of NT was not immediately lost when tilled, but these beneficial properties were fully lost within one year of residue removal. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Wilson, GV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, 598 McElroy Dr, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM gvwilson@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 47 IS 1 BP 119 EP 128 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 808ED UT WOS:000220551500014 ER PT J AU Sharma, RR Demirci, A Puri, VM Beuchat, LR Fett, WF AF Sharma, RR Demirci, A Puri, VM Beuchat, LR Fett, WF TI Modeling the inactivation of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 on inoculated alfalfa seeds during exposure to ozonated or electrolyzed oxidizing water SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; E. coli O157 : H7; inactivation; modeling; ozone; EO water ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SPROUTS; SALMONELLA; OZONE; HEAT; MICROBIOLOGY; PRESSURE; SURVIVAL; KINETICS; QUALITY AB Alfalfa sprouts contaminated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella have been implicated in a number of foodborne disease outbreaks in recent years. Seeds are attributed to be the main source of contamination for sprouts. Data from studies on the treatment of E. coli O157:H7 inoculated alfalfa seeds with ozonated and electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water were used to develop models for predicting inactivation of the pathogen. Treatment times of 0 to 16 min were used for ozonated water at initial concentrations of 0 to 21 ppm. For EO water treatments, 0 to 19 amperage (A) data at treatment times of 0 to 32 min were used to develop the models. A modified Monod model for bacterial death kinetics was developed by integrating the rate constant (k) as a Lorentzian function of treatment time (t). Regression constants for the Lorentzian function were determined at various ozone concentrations (ppm) or A. Validation showed that the model was an effective predictor at ozone concentrations below 8 ppm. As a second method, a response surface model (RSM) was utilized for which an RSM regression was performed between observed log(10)N/N-o and ppm (ozone) or A (EO water) and treatment time. A quadratic equation involving linear quadratic, and interaction terms of the influencing parameters represented the model for ozonated and EO water treatments. The models were validated by back predicting log(10)N/N-o values. Although numerous other factors influence the accuracy of prediction of the models, these models can be useful tools to researchers and regulators for the development of improved seed sanitizing guidelines by facilitating assessment of efficacy of a treatment and enhancing food safety. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Hucks Inst Life Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Demirci, A (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Hucks Inst Life Sci, 231 Agr Engn Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM demirci@psu.edu NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 47 IS 1 BP 173 EP 181 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 808ED UT WOS:000220551500021 ER PT J AU Brown-Brandl, TM Nienaber, JA Xin, H Gates, RS AF Brown-Brandl, TM Nienaber, JA Xin, H Gates, RS TI A literature review of swine heat production SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Review DE calorimetry; genetics; growth; moisture production; nutrition; temperature ID EARLY-WEANED PIGLETS; ENVIRONMENTAL-TEMPERATURE; GROWING-PIGS; ENERGY-METABOLISM; FEEDING LEVEL; RESPONSES; NUTRITION; CONSTANT; BALANCE; PROTEIN AB Current ASAE standards of heat and moisture production (HP MP)for swine are primarily based on data collected nearly four decades ago. Feedstuffs, management practices, growth rate, and lean percentage of swine have changed HP and MP considerably in that time period. Literature data shows that lean percent increased 1.55% in the last 10 years, resulting in an increase in HP by approximately 15%. Data were compiled into two categories: prior to 1988, and 1988 to present. Analysis of this data revealed that HP increased 12.4% to 35.3% between the two categories, with the largest differences occurring at higher temperatures. The results also revealed lack of HP and MP data for greater than 90 kg pigs. The HP and MP standards for design of swine housing systems should be updated. C1 USDA ARS, MARC, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Lexington, KY USA. RP Brown-Brandl, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, MARC, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM brandl@email.marc.usda.gov RI Gates, Richard/M-4367-2014 OI Gates, Richard/0000-0003-2812-1739 NR 37 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 47 IS 1 BP 259 EP 270 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 808ED UT WOS:000220551500033 ER PT S AU Capp, J Davison, RP Rinne, WE AF Capp, J Davison, RP Rinne, WE BE Rahm, J TI Session two. Our water resources: A candidate for listing? SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-NINTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 69th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 16-20, 2004 CL Spokane, WA SP Nat Conservancy, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US Geol Survey, USDA Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Bureau Reclamat, Boone & Crockett Club, US Bureau Land Management, USDA Forest Serv, USDA Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Recreat Boating & Fishing Fdn, Conservat Fund, Theodore Roosevelt Conservat Partership Inc, Wildlife Soc, Fed Cartridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Natl Rifle Assoc, Congress Sportsmen Fdn, fari Club Int C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Capp, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2004 VL 69 BP 151 EP 164 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BBT19 UT WOS:000227670300013 ER PT S AU Pressman, DS Ledford, D Haddow, D Lawrence, J AF Pressman, DS Ledford, D Haddow, D Lawrence, J BE Rahm, J TI Session four. Fire management: Burning issues SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-NINTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 69th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 16-20, 2004 CL Spokane, WA SP Nat Conservancy, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US Geol Survey, USDA Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Bureau Reclamat, Boone & Crockett Club, US Bureau Land Management, USDA Forest Serv, USDA Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Recreat Boating & Fishing Fdn, Conservat Fund, Theodore Roosevelt Conservat Partership Inc, Wildlife Soc, Fed Cartridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Natl Rifle Assoc, Congress Sportsmen Fdn, fari Club Int C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Pressman, DS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2004 VL 69 BP 327 EP 337 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BBT19 UT WOS:000227670300024 ER PT S AU Quigley, TM Wisdom, NJ AF Quigley, TM Wisdom, NJ BE Rahm, J TI The Starkey project: Long-term research for long-term management solutions SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-NINTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 69th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 16-20, 2004 CL Spokane, WA SP Nat Conservancy, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US Geol Survey, USDA Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Bureau Reclamat, Boone & Crockett Club, US Bureau Land Management, USDA Forest Serv, USDA Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Recreat Boating & Fishing Fdn, Conservat Fund, Theodore Roosevelt Conservat Partership Inc, Wildlife Soc, Fed Cartridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Natl Rifle Assoc, Congress Sportsmen Fdn, fari Club Int ID MULE DEER; ELK; CATTLE; RANGE C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Quigley, TM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2004 VL 69 BP 443 EP 454 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BBT19 UT WOS:000227670300034 ER PT S AU Wisdom, MJ Rowland, MM Johnson, BK Dick, BL AF Wisdom, MJ Rowland, MM Johnson, BK Dick, BL BE Rahm, J TI Overview of the Starkey project: Mule deer and elk research for management benefits SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-NINTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 69th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 16-20, 2004 CL Spokane, WA SP Nat Conservancy, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US Geol Survey, USDA Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Bureau Reclamat, Boone & Crockett Club, US Bureau Land Management, USDA Forest Serv, USDA Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Recreat Boating & Fishing Fdn, Conservat Fund, Theodore Roosevelt Conservat Partership Inc, Wildlife Soc, Fed Cartridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Natl Rifle Assoc, Congress Sportsmen Fdn, fari Club Int ID UNGULATE HERBIVORY; CATTLE; ECOSYSTEMS; FOREST; RANGE; ROADS; AGE C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR USA. RP Wisdom, MJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR USA. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2004 VL 69 BP 455 EP 474 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BBT19 UT WOS:000227670300035 ER PT S AU Kie, JG Ager, AA Cimon, NJ Wisdom, MJ Rowland, MM Coe, PK Findholt, SL Johnson, BK Vavra, M AF Kie, JG Ager, AA Cimon, NJ Wisdom, MJ Rowland, MM Coe, PK Findholt, SL Johnson, BK Vavra, M BE Rahm, J TI The Starkey databases: Spatial-environmental relations of north American elk, mule deer and cattle at the Starkey experimental forest and range in northeastern Oregon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-NINTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 69th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 16-20, 2004 CL Spokane, WA SP Nat Conservancy, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US Geol Survey, USDA Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Bureau Reclamat, Boone & Crockett Club, US Bureau Land Management, USDA Forest Serv, USDA Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Recreat Boating & Fishing Fdn, Conservat Fund, Theodore Roosevelt Conservat Partership Inc, Wildlife Soc, Fed Cartridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Natl Rifle Assoc, Congress Sportsmen Fdn, fari Club Int C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR USA. RP Kie, JG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2004 VL 69 BP 475 EP 490 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BBT19 UT WOS:000227670300036 ER PT S AU Rowland, MM Wisdom, MJ Johnson, BK Penninger, MA AF Rowland, MM Wisdom, MJ Johnson, BK Penninger, MA BE Rahm, J TI Effects of roads on elk: Implications for management in forested ecosystems SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-NINTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 69th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 16-20, 2004 CL Spokane, WA SP Nat Conservancy, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US Geol Survey, USDA Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Bureau Reclamat, Boone & Crockett Club, US Bureau Land Management, USDA Forest Serv, USDA Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Recreat Boating & Fishing Fdn, Conservat Fund, Theodore Roosevelt Conservat Partership Inc, Wildlife Soc, Fed Cartridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Natl Rifle Assoc, Congress Sportsmen Fdn, fari Club Int ID ROCKY-MOUNTAIN ELK; MULE DEER; HABITAT EFFECTIVENESS; RESOURCE SELECTION; ROOSEVELT ELK; IDAHO; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; DENSITY; HUNTERS C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR USA. RP Rowland, MM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR USA. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2004 VL 69 BP 491 EP 508 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BBT19 UT WOS:000227670300037 ER PT S AU Wisdom, MJ Cimon, NJ Johnson, BK Garton, EO Thomas, JW AF Wisdom, MJ Cimon, NJ Johnson, BK Garton, EO Thomas, JW BE Rahm, J TI Spatial partitioning by mule deer and elk in relation to traffic SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-NINTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 69th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 16-20, 2004 CL Spokane, WA SP Nat Conservancy, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US Geol Survey, USDA Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Bureau Reclamat, Boone & Crockett Club, US Bureau Land Management, USDA Forest Serv, USDA Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Recreat Boating & Fishing Fdn, Conservat Fund, Theodore Roosevelt Conservat Partership Inc, Wildlife Soc, Fed Cartridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Natl Rifle Assoc, Congress Sportsmen Fdn, fari Club Int ID ROOSEVELT ELK; HABITAT USE; CATTLE; ROADS; MANAGEMENT C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR USA. RP Wisdom, MJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR USA. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2004 VL 69 BP 509 EP 530 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BBT19 UT WOS:000227670300038 ER PT S AU Wisdom, MJ Ager, AA Preisler, HK Cimon, NJ Johnson, BK AF Wisdom, MJ Ager, AA Preisler, HK Cimon, NJ Johnson, BK BE Rahm, J TI Effects of off-road recreation on mule deer and elk SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-NINTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 69th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 16-20, 2004 CL Spokane, WA SP Nat Conservancy, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US Geol Survey, USDA Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Bureau Reclamat, Boone & Crockett Club, US Bureau Land Management, USDA Forest Serv, USDA Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Recreat Boating & Fishing Fdn, Conservat Fund, Theodore Roosevelt Conservat Partership Inc, Wildlife Soc, Fed Cartridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Natl Rifle Assoc, Congress Sportsmen Fdn, fari Club Int ID RESPONSES; MANAGEMENT; WILDLIFE C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR USA. RP Wisdom, MJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 TRANS N AM WILDL NAT JI Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. PY 2004 VL 69 BP 531 EP 550 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BBT19 UT WOS:000227670300039 ER PT S AU Ager, AA Preisler, HK Johnson, BK Kie, JG AF Ager, AA Preisler, HK Johnson, BK Kie, JG BE Rahm, J TI Movements and habitat use of rocky mountain elk and mule deer SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-NINTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 69th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 16-20, 2004 CL Spokane, WA SP Nat Conservancy, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US Geol Survey, USDA Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Bureau Reclamat, Boone & Crockett Club, US Bureau Land Management, USDA Forest Serv, USDA Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Recreat Boating & Fishing Fdn, Conservat Fund, Theodore Roosevelt Conservat Partership Inc, Wildlife Soc, Fed Cartridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Natl Rifle Assoc, Congress Sportsmen Fdn, fari Club Int ID SUMMER RANGE; SELECTION; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR; CATTLE C1 US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR USA. RP Ager, AA (reprint author), US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2004 VL 69 BP 641 EP 655 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BBT19 UT WOS:000227670300045 ER PT S AU Ager, AA Johnson, BK Coe, PK Wisdom, MJ AF Ager, AA Johnson, BK Coe, PK Wisdom, MJ BE Rahm, J TI Landscape simulation of foraging by elk, mule deer and cattle on summer range SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-NINTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 69th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 16-20, 2004 CL Spokane, WA SP Nat Conservancy, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US Geol Survey, USDA Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Bureau Reclamat, Boone & Crockett Club, US Bureau Land Management, USDA Forest Serv, USDA Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Recreat Boating & Fishing Fdn, Conservat Fund, Theodore Roosevelt Conservat Partership Inc, Wildlife Soc, Fed Cartridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Natl Rifle Assoc, Congress Sportsmen Fdn, fari Club Int ID FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; HERBIVORES; ENERGETICS; GRASSLAND; PATCHES; SCALE; MOOSE; MODEL C1 US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pendleton, OR USA. RP Ager, AA (reprint author), US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pendleton, OR USA. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2004 VL 69 BP 687 EP 707 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BBT19 UT WOS:000227670300048 ER PT S AU Wisdom, MJ Johnson, BK Vavra, M Boyd, JM Coe, PK Kie, JG Ager, AA Cimon, NJ AF Wisdom, MJ Johnson, BK Vavra, M Boyd, JM Coe, PK Kie, JG Ager, AA Cimon, NJ BE Rahm, J TI Cattle and elk responses to intensive timber harvest SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-NINTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 69th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 16-20, 2004 CL Spokane, WA SP Nat Conservancy, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US Geol Survey, USDA Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Bureau Reclamat, Boone & Crockett Club, US Bureau Land Management, USDA Forest Serv, USDA Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Recreat Boating & Fishing Fdn, Conservat Fund, Theodore Roosevelt Conservat Partership Inc, Wildlife Soc, Fed Cartridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Natl Rifle Assoc, Congress Sportsmen Fdn, fari Club Int ID NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS; MULE DEER; HOME-RANGE; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; ROOSEVELT ELK; SPACE-USE; FOREST; SELECTION; IDAHO; MANAGEMENT C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR USA. RP Wisdom, MJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR USA. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2004 VL 69 BP 727 EP 758 PG 32 WC Environmental Sciences; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BBT19 UT WOS:000227670300050 ER PT S AU Vavra, M Wisdom, MJ Kie, JG Cook, JG Riggs, RA AF Vavra, M Wisdom, MJ Kie, JG Cook, JG Riggs, RA BE Rahm, J TI The role of ungulate herbivory and management on ecosystem patterns and processes: Future direction of the Starkey project SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-NINTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 69th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 16-20, 2004 CL Spokane, WA SP Nat Conservancy, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US Geol Survey, USDA Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Bureau Reclamat, Boone & Crockett Club, US Bureau Land Management, USDA Forest Serv, USDA Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Recreat Boating & Fishing Fdn, Conservat Fund, Theodore Roosevelt Conservat Partership Inc, Wildlife Soc, Fed Cartridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Natl Rifle Assoc, Congress Sportsmen Fdn, fari Club Int ID NORTHERN WINTER RANGE; UNDERSTORY VEGETATION; COMMUNITIES; WILDLIFE; WEST C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR USA. RP Vavra, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2004 VL 69 BP 785 EP 797 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BBT19 UT WOS:000227670300052 ER PT J AU Minocha, R Long, S AF Minocha, R Long, S TI Effects of aluminum on organic acid metabolism and secretion by red spruce cell suspension cultures and the reversal of A1 effects on growth and polyamine metabolism by exogenous organic acids SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE citrate; inorganic ions; malate; oxalate; phosphorus; putrescine; succinate ID ZEA-MAYS L; INORGANIC-IONS; WHITE LUPIN; PROTEOID ROOTS; TOBACCO CELLS; POPLAR CELLS; PICEA-RUBENS; 2 CULTIVARS; TOLERANCE; WHEAT AB In the absence of added Al, the concentration of succinate in cultured red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) cells was 15-20 times higher (> 600 nmol g(FW)(-1)) than that of citrate or oxalate and 4-6 times higher than that of malate. Addition of AlCl3 (effective monomeric Al concentrations of 0.23 and 0.48 mM) to 3-day-old suspension cultures significantly increased cellular succinate concentrations with a concomitant decrease in cellular oxalate concentrations. However, in the medium of Al-treated cell cultures, both succinate and oxalate concentrations were significantly higher than in the medium of cell cultures without added Al, and oxalate concentrations were several times higher than succinate concentrations. Aluminum did not significantly affect the cellular concentrations of malate, ascorbate and citrate, and none of these organic acids was present in detectable quantities in the medium. Exogenous succinate alone or with Al had no effect on cellular free polyamine concentrations or cell mass. Aluminum caused a significant increase in cellular putrescine concentrations. Addition of malate had a positive effect on growth and completely reversed the effects of Al on cell physiology. In contrast, the addition of oxalate and citrate only partly reversed the effects of Al. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Minocha, R (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, POB 640,271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 57 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 24 IS 1 BP 55 EP 64 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 759VJ UT WOS:000187757300005 PM 14652214 ER PT J AU Evans, JD Shearman, DCA Oldroyd, BP AF Evans, JD Shearman, DCA Oldroyd, BP TI Molecular basis of sex determination in haplodiploids SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; DIPTERAN INSECTS; APIS-MELLIFERA; EVOLUTION; HYMENOPTERA; GENE; TRANSFORMER; POPULATION; MECHANISM; SYSTEMS AB Sex in many species of Hymenoptera (ants, bees and wasps) is determined by a single locus that is heterozygous in females and hemizygous in (haploid) males. Beye and colleagues have now cloned the csd locus in the honeybee Apis mellifera and provide functional evidence that this gene is the primary switch in the sex-determination cascade of honeybees and possibly all Hymenoptera. C1 ARS, Bee Res Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Evans, JD (reprint author), ARS, Bee Res Lab, USDA, BARC-E Bldg 476, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM evansj@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2003.11.001 PG 3 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 762DJ UT WOS:000187955300001 PM 16701215 ER PT S AU Davis, JM Slusser, JR AF Davis, JM Slusser, JR BE Slusser, JR Herman, JR Gao, W Bernhard, G TI Impact of clouds with limited horizontal extent on UV radiation measurements SO ULTRAVIOLET GROUND- AND SPACE-BASED MEASUREMENTS, MODELS, AND EFFECTS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet Ground- and Space-based Measurements, Models and Effects IV CY AUG 05-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE UV irradiance; aerosol retrievals; non uniform clouds AB UV radiation measurements from many sites throughout the US are employed on a routine basis to assess biologically significant dosages to plant, animal and humans and to retrieve aerosol optical depths and ozone column concentrations. In various recent studies the impact of clouds on the derived quantities has become a topic of interest. In particular, when clouds are present during measurements used for aerosol retrievals, their impact may depend on the cloud's height in the atmosphere, the cloud thickness and, for clouds of limited horizontal extent, on the horizontal displacement from the instrument site and the relative geometry between the cloud, the instrument and the sun. Results from a Monte Carlo radiative transfer model, which has been adapted to include the effects of ozone absorption in the UV, will be presented. The impact of clouds with high aspect ratio (cloud height / cloud width) on biologically significant dosages will also be addressed. C1 Colorado State Univ, USDA, UVB, Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Davis, JM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, USDA, UVB, Monitoring & Res Program, 419 Canyon Ave,Suite 226, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5483-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5545 BP 36 EP 42 DI 10.1117/12.561496 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBD68 UT WOS:000225039800005 ER PT S AU Zheng, YF Gao, W Slusser, J Grant, R Wang, CH AF Zheng, YF Gao, W Slusser, J Grant, R Wang, CH BE Slusser, JR Herman, JR Gao, W Bernhard, G TI Response of different crop growth and yield to enhanced UV-B radiation under field conditions SO ULTRAVIOLET GROUND- AND SPACE-BASED MEASUREMENTS, MODELS, AND EFFECTS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet Ground- and Space-based Measurements, Models and Effects IV CY AUG 05-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE UV-B radiation; response; crops ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; ABSORBING COMPOUNDS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANTS; ECOSYSTEMS; CULTIVARS AB Enhanced UV-B radiation due to stratospheric ozone depletion may have impacts on the productivity of agricultural crops. Which crop will be more sensitive to increased UV-B has received little attention. This paper presents a comparative study of the effects of supplemental UV-B on plant height, leaf area, biomass and yield among soybean, cotton, corn and wheat which were cultivated in fields in Nanjing, China. The experimental results showed that the four crops response to enhanced UV-B irradiation was shortened plant height, decreased leaf area and reduced biomass and yield of crops. Using the same criteria, the response of soybean and cotton to elevated UV-B is bigger than that of wheat and corn. RI (response index) is an integrated index which is the accumulation of relative change in plant height, leaf area, biomass and yield, reflecting general impact of increased UV-B on crops. The results suggested that the RI for the four crops was minus, demonstrating a negative impact of enhanced UV-B on the crops. According to the RI, the soybean and cotton belong to the sensitive plants category, wheat is a moderately sensitive plant and corn is a tolerant plant. C1 Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Dept Environm Sci, Nanjing, Peoples R China. RP Gao, W (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA, UVB Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5483-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5545 BP 102 EP 110 DI 10.1117/12.563454 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBD68 UT WOS:000225039800013 ER PT S AU Gao, W Zheng, YF Slusser, J Grant, R AF Gao, W Zheng, YF Slusser, J Grant, R BE Slusser, JR Herman, JR Gao, W Bernhard, G TI Effect of enhanced UV-B radiation combined with other climate stressors on winter wheat SO ULTRAVIOLET GROUND- AND SPACE-BASED MEASUREMENTS, MODELS, AND EFFECTS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet Ground- and Space-based Measurements, Models and Effects IV CY AUG 05-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE UV radiation; winter wheat; climate stressors; effect ID ABSORBING COMPOUNDS; GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ECOSYSTEMS; IMPACTS AB Ultraviolet radiation-B (UV-B) would increase due to the Ozone depletion. Global climatic factors, such as temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration, soil moisture and CO2 content, are changing because of the increase of greenhouse emission and the destruction of ecosystems. Climate stress factors including enhanced UV-B irradiance have effects on crop production. Many studies have assessed the effects of enhanced UV-B on crops and impacts of global climatic change on crops separately. However, when UV-B effects were discussed, other environmental stress factors were generally neglected. It is well-known that crops in nature are seldom affected by only a single stress factor, such as UV-B radiation. The impacts of enhanced UV-B radiation can be greatly increased or decreased by other environmental stress factors. In this paper, through field and plant growth chambers experiments, combined effects of enhanced UV-B radiation with other environmental stress factors including solar visible light, temperature and soil moisture content on winter wheat were investigated. The experimental results showed that enhanced UV-B irradiance can restrain growth and development of winter wheat, which leads to reduction of plant height, leaf area, and slowing physiological activity and decreasing biomass and yield of winter wheat. The response of winter wheat to enhanced UV-B varied under different UV-B intensity and its combination with other environmental stress factors. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA, UVB Minitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Gao, W (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA, UVB Minitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5483-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5545 BP 111 EP 116 DI 10.1117/12.563465 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBD68 UT WOS:000225039800014 ER PT B AU van Genuchten, MT Simunek, J AF van Genuchten, M. T. Simunek, Jirka BE Feddes, RA DeRooij, GH VanDam, JC TI Integrated modeling of vadose-zone flow and transport processes SO Unsaturated-Zone Modeling: Progress, Challenges and Applications SE WAGENINGEN UR FRONTIS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Unsaturated Zone Modeling CY OCT 03-05, 2004 CL Wageningen, NETHERLANDS ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; COLLOID-FACILITATED TRANSPORT; REACTIVE TRANSPORT; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; LABORATORY COLUMN; IRRIGATED FIELD; BED FILTRATION AB Enormous advances have been made during the past several decades in our understanding and ability to model flow and transport processes in the vadose zone between the soil surface and the groundwater table. A large number of conceptual models are now available to make detailed simulations of transient variably-saturated water flow, heat movement and solute transport in the subsurface. In this paper we highlight four examples illustrating such advances: (1) coupling physical and chemical processes, (2) simulating colloid and colloid-facilitated transport, (3) integrated modeling of surface and subsurface flow processes, and (4) modeling of preferential flow in the subsurface. The examples show that improved understanding of underlying processes, continued advances in numerical methods, and the introduction of increasingly powerful computers now permit us to make comprehensive simulations of the most important coupled, nonlinear physical, chemical and biological processes operative in the unsaturated zone. C1 USDA, ARS, Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92557 USA. RP van Genuchten, MT (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92557 USA. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 136 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-2917-9 J9 WAG UR FRON PY 2004 VL 6 BP 37 EP 69 PG 33 WC Soil Science; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BFN76 UT WOS:000243353600002 ER PT S AU Pachepsky, YA Smettem, KRJ Vanderborght, J Herbst, M Vereecken, H Wosten, JHM AF Pachepsky, Y. A. Smettem, K. R. J. Vanderborght, J. Herbst, M. Vereecken, H. Wosten, J. H. M. BE Feddes, RA DeRooij, GH VanDam, JC TI Reality and fiction of models and data in soil hydrology SO UNSATURATED-ZONE MODELING: PROGRESS, CHALLENGES AND APPLICATIONS SE WAGENINGEN UR FRONTIS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Unsaturated Zone Modeling CY OCT 03-05, 2004 CL Wageningen, NETHERLANDS ID REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY; FIELD-SCALE TRANSPORT; WATER-UPTAKE MODEL; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SENSING DATA; UNSATURATED SOIL AB The objective of this paper is to contribute to the ongoing discussion on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and trends of existing modeling approaches in soil hydrology. In modem hydrology, complexity of models and detail of data grow at increasing pace. The prevailing attitude has been that if a model is comprehensive enough, it should be possible to represent the site uniqueness with a specific set of model parameters. Recent advances in instrumentation have revealed complexity of flow pathways that may be easily perceived but difficult to represent in mathematical terms without making strong simplifying assumptions. This implies that many different model structures could be consistent with available observations. The same appears to be true for parameter sets obtained by calibration for a specific model. The multiplicity of models and the parameter deficit are the emerging issues that present both obstacles and opportunities for hydrologic modeling. We present a comprehensive case study of using integrated data to build a model of groundwater pollution for a watershed, and use this case study to illustrate current opportunities and problems related to quantifying soil variability with remote sensing, geophysical methods and topographic information. The value of pedotransfer functions and publicly available databases is discussed. Mismatch between measurement and modeling scales creates the need to incorporate scale effects in the hydrologic models. Techniques for comprehensive comparative evaluation of models need to be developed and tested. In the absence of unique model selection criteria, it can therefore be best to consider a variety of alternative models based on reasonable alternative hypotheses. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 131 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1573-4544 BN 1-4020-2918-7; 1-4020-2917-9 J9 WAG UR FRON JI Wagening. UR WAGENINGEN Frontis Ser. PY 2004 VL 6 BP 231 EP 260 PG 30 WC Soil Science; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BFN76 UT WOS:000243353600008 ER PT J AU Singleton, PH Gaines, WL Lehmkuhl, JF AF Singleton, PH Gaines, WL Lehmkuhl, JF TI Landscape permeability for grizzly bear movements in Washington and southwestern British Columbia SO URSUS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Small Populations of Grizzly Bears in the United States and Canada Transborder Region CY DEC 02-04, 2002 CL Sandpoint, ID SP Natl Wildlife Federat, US Forest Serv, Wilburforce Fdn, Wildlife Soc, Wildlife Soc, NW Sect, Int Assoc Bear Res & Management, US Fish & Game, Washington Dept Fish & Wukdlife, Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, BC Habitat Conservat Trust Fund, Bear Trust Int DE grizzly bear; habitat modeling; highways; landscape connectivity; meta-population; North Cascades Ecosystem; Ursus arctos ID ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; UNITED-STATES; URSUS-ARCTOS; CONSERVATION; IDAHO; CARNIVORES; DISPERSAL; MONTANA; HABITAT; ALBERTA AB Providing opportunities for grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) to move between blocks of habitat is important for the long-term conservation of grizzly bear populations. While the particulars of grizzly bear habitat selection during long-distance movements are poorly understood, some landscape characteristics such asroad density and land cover type are correlated with grizzly bear habitat useat various scales. We compiled digital maps of roads, human population density, land cover class, and topography to evaluate the resistance of the year 2001 landscape to grizzly bear movement in Washington State and adjacent portionsof Idaho and British Columbia (BC). We developed habitat association and dispersal habitat suitability models based on published literature and used geographic information system (GIS) weighted-distance and least-cost analysis techniques to evaluate landscape permeability for grizzly bear movement. Our analysis identified 5 blocks of potential grizzly bear habitat in Washington and adjacent areas, including the Columbia-Selkirk Mountains, the North Cascades, the Central Cascades, the South Cascades, and the Coast Range. We evaluated landscape permeability between these habitat blocks and highlighted potential linkage areas. Our models indicated the Stevens Pass fracture zone between the Northand Central Cascades blocks was the most permeable, followed (in order of relative permeability) by the Fraser-Coquihalla fracture zone between the North Cascades and the Coast Range, the Okanogan-Kettle fracture zone between the North Cascades and the Columbia Mountains, and the Snoqualmie Pass fracture zone between the Central and South Cascades. This evaluation provides a consistent measure of the expected potential for grizzly movement across a broad landscape that can be used to target areas for finer-scale evaluation and help identify landscape management priorities at a regional scale. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. US Forest Serv, Wenatchee Natl Forest, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Singleton, PH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1133 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM psingleton@fs.fed.us NR 52 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 21 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT-IBA PI KNOXVILLE PA C/O TERRY WHITE, UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT FORESTRY, WILDLIFE & FISHERIES, PO BOX 1071, KNOXVILLE, TN 37901-1071 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2004 VL 15 IS 1 BP 90 EP 103 DI 10.2192/1537-6176(2004)015<0090:LPFGBM>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 911DQ UT WOS:000227982300011 ER PT J AU Summerfield, B Johnson, W Roberts, D AF Summerfield, B Johnson, W Roberts, D TI Trends in road development and access management in the Cabinet-Yaak and Selkirk grizzly bear Recovery Zones SO URSUS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Small Populations of Grizzly Bears in the United States and Canada Transborder Region CY DEC 02-04, 2002 CL Sandpoint, ID SP Natl Wildlife Federat, US Forest Serv, Wilburforce Fdn, Wildlife Soc, Wildlife Soc, NW Sect, Int Assoc Bear Res & Management, US Fish & Game, Washington Dept Fish & Wukdlife, Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, BC Habitat Conservat Trust Fund, Bear Trust Int DE bear management unit; Cabinet-Yaak; grizzly bear; mortality; open road density; security core habitat; Selkirk; total road density; Ursus arctos ID MONTANA; HABITAT AB Unlimited use of forest roads can result in taking of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) and reduced progress toward recovery. We examined trends in road development and motorized access management in the Cabinet-Yaak and Selkirk grizzly bear recovery zones by evaluating 3 bear management units (BMUs) for amount and density of open and total roads and security core habitat during 3 periods (1975, 1987, and 2001). New road construction and access management activities such as road use restrictions, road closures and road decommissioning governed the amount and kinds of roads present. In 1975, nearly all roads were open to public access, but the amount of open roads declined during subsequent periods.Closed roads increased correspondingly, and by 1987, public motorized access was excluded from the majority of roads in some BMUs. Road decommissioning, nonexistent in 1975 and 1987, was common by 2001. Even with new construction, there were fewer open roads in 2001 than in 1987 and 1975 for all 3 BMUs examined. Due to road decommissioning, the total length of roads in 2001 was less than during at least I of the 2 previous periods for all BMUs examined. For most BMUs, open motorized route density (OMRD) and total motorized route density (TMRD) peaked in 1987, and security core habitat reached its lowest level duringthat period. However, access management activities after approval of Forest Plans in 1987 resulted in decreases in OMRD and TMRD and increases in security core habitat. As of 2002, most of the 30 BMUs in the Cabinet-Yaak and Selkirk grizzly bear recovery zones either met or were moving toward recommended OMRD,TMRD, and security core levels. Improved habitat security through reduced open and total road densities and increased security core habitat is likely to assist in limiting grizzly bear mortality and enhancing the likelihood grizzly bears will persist in these recovery zones. Had these improvements in security not occurred, we believe these grizzly bear populations would be even more imperiled than they currently are. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Kootenai Natl Forest, Libby, MT 59923 USA. USDA, Idaho Prahandle Natl Foest, Sandpoint, ID 83864 USA. RP Summerfield, B (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, POB 7669, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM bsummerfield@fs.fed.us; wjjohnson@fs.fed.us; djroberts@fs.fed.us NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT-IBA PI KNOXVILLE PA C/O TERRY WHITE, UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT FORESTRY, WILDLIFE & FISHERIES, PO BOX 1071, KNOXVILLE, TN 37901-1071 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2004 VL 15 IS 1 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.2192/1537-6176(2004)015<0115:TIRDAA>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 911DQ UT WOS:000227982300013 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Miller, JM Cutlip, RC AF Hamir, AN Miller, JM Cutlip, RC TI Failure to detect prion protein (PrPres) by immunohistochemistry in striated muscle tissues of animals experimentally inoculated with agents of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE immunohistochemistry; protease-resistant PrPres; striated muscles; transmissible spongiform encephalopathies; (chronic wasting disease, scrapie, transmissible mink encephalopathy) ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; MULE DEER; SCRAPIE; BRAIN; DIAGNOSIS; TONSIL; SHEEP AB Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are fatal neurologic diseases. Infection by the causative agent, a prion, induces accumulations of an abnormal form of prion protein (Prp(res)) in tissues of nervous and lymphoid systems. Presence of characteristic histopathologic changes (spongiform encephalopathy) and detection of protease-resistant Prp(res) in neural and lymphoid tissues are the basis of currently available methods for diagnosis of TSEs. In this study, samples of striated muscle tissues (tongue, heart, diaphragm, and masseter muscle) from 20 animals (cattle, sheep, elk, and raccoons) were examined for PrPres by immunohistochemistry (IHC). All the animals had developed a TSE after experimental inoculation. PrPres was found by IHC in the brain but not in the muscle tissues of all the animals examined. These findings are contradictory to recently published reports of laboratory animals with TSEs, where these altered prion proteins Were detected in tongue and other striated muscles. Further testing of muscle tissues is needed to confirm the findings of the present study. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70,2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM ahamir@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 41 IS 1 BP 78 EP 81 DI 10.1354/vp.41-1-78 PG 4 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 763PQ UT WOS:000188095400012 PM 14715973 ER PT B AU Wilson, RF AF Wilson, RF BE Moscardi, F HoffmannCampo, CB Saraiva, OF Galerani, PR Krzyzanowski, FC CarraoPanizzi, MC TI Perspectives on the impact of biotechnology on soybean production and utilization SO VII WORLD SOYBEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCE - VI INTERNATIONAL SOYBEAN PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION CONFERENCE - III CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE SOJA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Soybean Research Conference/6th International Soybean Processing and Utilization Conference/3rd Brazilian Soybean Congress CY FEB 29-MAR 05, 2004 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Brasilian Agr Res Corp AB This paper presents a perspective on the impact of biotechnology in meeting the World's demand for soybean and soybean products, both now and in the future. Following that theme, my comments will focus on the following points. First, there is overwhelming science-based evidence that genetically engineered soybeans on the market today are as safe to eat as their conventional counterparts. Second, the benefits of any new technology will be accompanied by risks. Finding and maintaining the appropriate balance between risk and benefit is a dynamic challenge. Third, National and International regulatory policies have profound impact on the rate of advancement in the biotechnological sciences, as well as the trade of biotechnological products. These policies may reassure consumers in the safety of biotech-foods, but also may be perceived to be barriers to trade. Beneficial innovation in the genetic sciences will be an outcome of the political and social debate on biotechnology. These innovations will embody breakthroughs that should significantly stimulate continued growth in soybean production and utilization. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Program Staff, George Washington Carver Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20750 USA. RP Wilson, RF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Program Staff, George Washington Carver Ctr, Room 4-2214,5601 Sunnyside Ave, Beltsville, MD 20750 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMBRAPA SEMI-ARDO PI PETROLINA PA BR 428, KM 152 - ZONA RURAL CAIXA POSTAL 23, CEP56300-000 PETROLINA, PE, BRAZIL BN 85-7033-004-9 PY 2004 BP 85 EP 96 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BAC40 UT WOS:000221525400009 ER PT B AU Reicosky, DC AF Reicosky, DC BE Moscardi, F HoffmannCampo, CB Saraiva, OF Galerani, PR Krzyzanowski, FC CarraoPanizzi, MC TI Global environmental benefits of soil carbon management: soybean concerns SO VII WORLD SOYBEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCE - VI INTERNATIONAL SOYBEAN PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION CONFERENCE - III CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE SOJA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Soybean Research Conference/6th International Soybean Processing and Utilization Conference/3rd Brazilian Soybean Congress CY FEB 29-MAR 05, 2004 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Brasilian Agr Res Corp ID ORGANIC-MATTER; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; EROSION CONTROL AB Agricultural carbon (C) sequestration may be one of the most cost-effective ways to slow processes of global warming. Numerous environmental benefits may result from agricultural activities that sequester soil C and contribute to environmental security. As part of no-regret strategies, practices that sequester soil C help reduce soil erosion and improve water quality and are consistent with more sustainable and less chemically dependent agriculture. While we learn more about soil C storage and its central role in direct environmental benefits, we must better understand soybean contributions to the secondary environmental benefits and what they mean to production agriculture. Increasing soil C storage can increase infiltration, increase fertility and nutrient cycling, decrease wind and water erosion, minimize compaction, enhance water quality, decrease C emissions, impede pesticide movement and generally enhance environmental quality. The sum of each individual benefit adds to a total package with major significance on a global scale. Incorporating C storage in conservation planning with soybean presents some challenges, but demonstrates concern for our global resources and presents a positive role for soil C that will have a major impact on our future quality of life. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Reicosky, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM reicosky@morris.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMBRAPA SEMI-ARDO PI PETROLINA PA BR 428, KM 152 - ZONA RURAL CAIXA POSTAL 23, CEP56300-000 PETROLINA, PE, BRAZIL BN 85-7033-004-9 PY 2004 BP 99 EP 110 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BAC40 UT WOS:000221525400010 ER PT B AU Flora, LF AF Flora, LF BE Moscardi, F HoffmannCampo, CB Saraiva, OF Galerani, PR Krzyzanowski, FC CarraoPanizzi, MC TI Soybean processing and products research: progress contributed by the US Department of Agriculture SO VII WORLD SOYBEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCE - VI INTERNATIONAL SOYBEAN PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION CONFERENCE - III CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE SOJA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Soybean Research Conference/6th International Soybean Processing and Utilization Conference/3rd Brazilian Soybean Congress CY FEB 29-MAR 05, 2004 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Brasilian Agr Res Corp AB United States Department of Agriculture, and later Agricultural Research Service, researchers have contributed significantly to the food and non-food uses of soybeans. Most of the work was conducted at the four USDA/ARS regional (utilization) research laboratories in Peoria, IL, New Orleans, LA, Wyndmoor, PA, and Albany, CA. Early USDA contributions included improving the quality of soybean oil for food use and developing soyoil epoxide plasticizers and dimer resins. More recently, ARS researchers have developed printing inks, lubricants, composites, nutraceuticals, personal care products, glue, adsorbents, more stable and lower cost soy diesel, methods for improved oil stability without hydrogenation, and alternatives to hexane extraction of soybeans. Future efforts by ARS researchers, combined with collaborations with public and private sector interests, promise additional market opportunities for soybeans. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Flora, LF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 5601 Sunnyside Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMBRAPA SEMI-ARDO PI PETROLINA PA BR 428, KM 152 - ZONA RURAL CAIXA POSTAL 23, CEP56300-000 PETROLINA, PE, BRAZIL BN 85-7033-004-9 PY 2004 BP 111 EP 120 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BAC40 UT WOS:000221525400011 ER PT B AU Johnsen, PB AF Johnsen, PB BE Moscardi, F HoffmannCampo, CB Saraiva, OF Galerani, PR Krzyzanowski, FC CarraoPanizzi, MC TI Technology transfer tools for agricultural research SO VII WORLD SOYBEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCE - VI INTERNATIONAL SOYBEAN PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION CONFERENCE - III CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE SOJA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Soybean Research Conference/6th International Soybean Processing and Utilization Conference/3rd Brazilian Soybean Congress CY FEB 29-MAR 05, 2004 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Brasilian Agr Res Corp C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Johnsen, PB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMBRAPA SEMI-ARDO PI PETROLINA PA BR 428, KM 152 - ZONA RURAL CAIXA POSTAL 23, CEP56300-000 PETROLINA, PE, BRAZIL BN 85-7033-004-9 PY 2004 BP 134 EP 139 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BAC40 UT WOS:000221525400014 ER PT B AU Cregan, PB Hofmann, NE Yaklich, RW Hyten, DL Specht, JE Choi, IY Hwang, EY Song, QJ Costa, JM AF Cregan, PB Hofmann, NE Yaklich, RW Hyten, DL Specht, JE Choi, IY Hwang, EY Song, QJ Costa, JM BE Moscardi, F HoffmannCampo, CB Saraiva, OF Galerani, PR Krzyzanowski, FC CarraoPanizzi, MC TI Status and future direction of soybean genomics - genetic association analysis and linkage disequilibrium SO VII WORLD SOYBEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCE - VI INTERNATIONAL SOYBEAN PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION CONFERENCE - III CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE SOJA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Soybean Research Conference/6th International Soybean Processing and Utilization Conference/3rd Brazilian Soybean Congress CY FEB 29-MAR 05, 2004 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Brasilian Agr Res Corp ID AGRONOMIC TRAITS; SEED PROTEIN; OIL CONTENT; POPULATIONS; REGISTRATION; LINES; QTL AB Genetic association analysis is being used by human geneticists as the method of choice to identify regions of the genome that contain disease susceptibility loci. In particular, association analysis is suggested as a powerful approach for the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) that underlie complex traits. This approach has a number of advantages over conventional linkage analysis for QTL discovery. The effectiveness of association analysis is dependent upon the level of linkage disequilibrium (LD) that is present in the population under study. Because essentially all empirical studies of LD have been done in outcrossing species, the autogamous nature of the soybean presents a new and challenging application of genetic association analysis. We are investigating the application of association analysis for the discovery of QTL associated with seed weight and seed protein concentration. The relatively large literature of conventional linkage analysis for discovery of QTL controlling seed weight and seed protein provides a number of candidate loci with which to proceed in the initial association studies. This will be followed by more general scans of the genome as more single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) DNA markers become available. C1 USDA ARS, Soybean Genomics & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cregan, PB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Genomics & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMBRAPA SEMI-ARDO PI PETROLINA PA BR 428, KM 152 - ZONA RURAL CAIXA POSTAL 23, CEP56300-000 PETROLINA, PE, BRAZIL BN 85-7033-004-9 PY 2004 BP 228 EP 235 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BAC40 UT WOS:000221525400028 ER PT B AU Sinclair, TR AF Sinclair, TR BE Moscardi, F HoffmannCampo, CB Saraiva, OF Galerani, PR Krzyzanowski, FC CarraoPanizzi, MC TI Physiological traits for ameliorating drought stress SO VII WORLD SOYBEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCE - VI INTERNATIONAL SOYBEAN PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION CONFERENCE - III CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE SOJA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Soybean Research Conference/6th International Soybean Processing and Utilization Conference/3rd Brazilian Soybean Congress CY FEB 29-MAR 05, 2004 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Brasilian Agr Res Corp ID SOYBEAN PLANT INTRODUCTION; N-2 FIXATION TOLERANCE; NITROGEN-FIXATION; WATER DEFICITS; ACCUMULATION; SENSITIVITY; NUTRITION; GENOTYPES; JACKSON; GROWTH AB The pattern of physiological responses to drying soil appears to be closely linked to decreases in soil hydraulic conductivity as the soil dries. Hence, physiological amelioration of stress needs to focus on possibilities for either accessing more soil water or slowing the rate of soil water extraction. Deeper rooting appears to be a critical approach to increasing the amount of water available to plants, although the difficulty of documenting differences in rooting depth among genotypes has resulted in little progress in this approach. Water conservation can be achieved by slightly decreasing plant gas exchange, which results in a decreased growth rate, but depending on the environment, can result in long-term increases in mean crop yield. It is speculated slow-wilting genotypes of soybean that appears to have drought tolerance may result from one of these two traits. Finally, symbiotic nitrogen fixation rates decrease with soil drying well in advance of plant gas exchange. Genotypes have been identified that exhibit substantial nitrogen fixation tolerance to drought stress and this trait in improved genetic backgrounds results in yield increase. On-going research has provided exciting possibilities for ameliorating drought stress in soybean, and the future may be even more promising as these traits are combined in superior cultivars. Drought stress is a serious limitation of soybean yields, particularly because of the high sensitivity of symbiotic nitrogen fixation system to soil drying. A new monograph on soybean published by the American Society of Agronomy will soon be released and it contains an excellent review of various options for ameliorating the influences of water deficits on soybean growth and yield (Purcell and Specht, 2004). Therefore, in this brief paper only a few of the key physiological traits are discussed as possible approaches to ameliorating the consequences of drying soil. The traits to be considered are plant gas exchange, rooting, the slow-wilting trait and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EMBRAPA SEMI-ARDO PI PETROLINA PA BR 428, KM 152 - ZONA RURAL CAIXA POSTAL 23, CEP56300-000 PETROLINA, PE, BRAZIL BN 85-7033-004-9 PY 2004 BP 245 EP 252 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BAC40 UT WOS:000221525400031 ER PT B AU Noel, GR AF Noel, GR BE Moscardi, F HoffmannCampo, CB Saraiva, OF Galerani, PR Krzyzanowski, FC CarraoPanizzi, MC TI Soil management for soybean production and its effect on soybean cyst nematode SO VII WORLD SOYBEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCE - VI INTERNATIONAL SOYBEAN PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION CONFERENCE - III CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE SOJA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Soybean Research Conference/6th International Soybean Processing and Utilization Conference/3rd Brazilian Soybean Congress CY FEB 29-MAR 05, 2004 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Brasilian Agr Res Corp ID BROWN STEM ROT; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PHYTOPHTHORA-SOJAE; CROP-ROTATION; NO-TILL; WHEAT; SYSTEMS; YIELDS AB Soybean cyst nematode [SCN], Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, is established through out the world where ever there is intense soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production or a long history of production. The nematode is adapted to both tropical and temperate environments and causes crop loss in soils that range from light textured sands to heavier textured soils with organic matter of 6-8%. Research on no-till soybean production and its effects on SCN population dynamics has been studied in both the southern and northern production areas in the USA. Results are contradictory with some research indicating reduced numbers of SCN in no-till production and other research demonstrating increased numbers of SCN following establishment of no-till soybean production. Data indicating that higher pH and calcium levels result in larger numbers of nematodes was developed recently in the USA and exists anecdotally in the People's Republic of China and in Brazil. Higher levels of organic matter are associated with lower populations of SCN, presumably by increasing nematode antagonists. Soybean production using narrow row spacing has no long-term effect SCN numbers. C1 ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL USA. RP Noel, GR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU EMBRAPA SEMI-ARDO PI PETROLINA PA BR 428, KM 152 - ZONA RURAL CAIXA POSTAL 23, CEP56300-000 PETROLINA, PE, BRAZIL BN 85-7033-004-9 PY 2004 BP 304 EP 309 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BAC40 UT WOS:000221525400039 ER PT B AU Karlen, D Delate, K Turnbull, R Boes, J AF Karlen, D Delate, K Turnbull, R Boes, J BE Moscardi, F HoffmannCampo, CB Saraiva, OF Galerani, PR Krzyzanowski, FC CarraoPanizzi, MC TI Organic soybean production: challenges and perspectives of an increasing trend SO VII WORLD SOYBEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCE - VI INTERNATIONAL SOYBEAN PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION CONFERENCE - III CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE SOJA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Soybean Research Conference/6th International Soybean Processing and Utilization Conference/3rd Brazilian Soybean Congress CY FEB 29-MAR 05, 2004 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Brasilian Agr Res Corp ID LEAF BEETLES COLEOPTERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE AB Annual organic soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production in the U.S. has risen to more than 60,000 ha in less than 10 yr. This presentation reviews current organic soybean research being conducted in Iowa and elsewhere throughout the U.S. It examines challenges that producers must deal with and shares our perspectives on this increasing trend. Critical challenges associated with organic soybean production include weed control, crop rotation, bean leaf beetles (Ceratoma trifurcata) - primarily as vectors for the seed-staining bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) and other seed-staining fungi such as Cercospora kikuchii and Fusarium - and the near-by use of genetically modified (GM) soybean cultivars. An economic evaluation based on three years of research at the Neely-Kinyon Long-Term Agroecological Research site near Greenfield, IA revealed that food-grade organic soybean could return $1160 to 1250 ha(-1) compared to $235 for conventional soybean grown in a 2-yr rotation with corn (Zea mays L.). Weed control challenges are site-specific, being closely associated with the weed seed bank populations and crop management strategies used prior to converting to organic crop production. The amount of stained soybean seed is variable generally increasing from NE to SW Iowa because of warmer winter temperatures. At the Neely-Kinyon site, staining ranged from 12 to 22% and 7.5 to 10% while yields averaged 2.4 to 2.8 and 3.5 to 3.8 Mg ha(-1), in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Stained soybean seed is currently rejected for food-grade markets (e.g. tofu), but increasing demand for organic meat and a small premium for organic feed-grade soybean has encouraged producers to continue growing the crop. The primary concern that organic producers have regarding GM crops is the increased risk of their crop failing a GM test when sold because of pollen drift or other contamination sources. Despite the many challenges, increasing consumer demand for certified organic soybean certainly warrants more aggressive and participatory research around the world. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA USA. RP Karlen, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU EMBRAPA SEMI-ARDO PI PETROLINA PA BR 428, KM 152 - ZONA RURAL CAIXA POSTAL 23, CEP56300-000 PETROLINA, PE, BRAZIL BN 85-7033-004-9 PY 2004 BP 319 EP 327 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BAC40 UT WOS:000221525400041 ER PT B AU Krishnan, HB Kim, WS Bennett, JO Chronis, D AF Krishnan, HB Kim, WS Bennett, JO Chronis, D BE Moscardi, F HoffmannCampo, CB Saraiva, OF Galerani, PR Krzyzanowski, FC CarraoPanizzi, MC TI Genetic engineering of soybean for improved nutritive value SO VII WORLD SOYBEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCE - VI INTERNATIONAL SOYBEAN PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION CONFERENCE - III CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE SOJA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Soybean Research Conference/6th International Soybean Processing and Utilization Conference/3rd Brazilian Soybean Congress CY FEB 29-MAR 05, 2004 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Brasilian Agr Res Corp ID INCREASED PERCENT PROTEIN; AMINO-ACID; ZEIN PROTEIN; METHIONINE; RICH; MAIZE; SELECTION; SEQUENCE; QUALITY C1 USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMBRAPA SEMI-ARDO PI PETROLINA PA BR 428, KM 152 - ZONA RURAL CAIXA POSTAL 23, CEP56300-000 PETROLINA, PE, BRAZIL BN 85-7033-004-9 PY 2004 BP 388 EP 391 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BAC40 UT WOS:000221525400051 ER PT B AU Hartman, GL Bonde, MR Miles, MM Frederick, RD AF Hartman, GL Bonde, MR Miles, MM Frederick, RD BE Moscardi, F HoffmannCampo, CB Saraiva, OF Galerani, PR Krzyzanowski, FC CarraoPanizzi, MC TI Variation of Phakopsora pachyrhizi isolates on soybean SO VII WORLD SOYBEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCE - VI INTERNATIONAL SOYBEAN PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION CONFERENCE - III CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE SOJA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Soybean Research Conference/6th International Soybean Processing and Utilization Conference/3rd Brazilian Soybean Congress CY FEB 29-MAR 05, 2004 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Brasilian Agr Res Corp ID PUERTO-RICO; RUST; GLYCINE; TEMPERATURE; INFECTION; WORLD AB Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow, the causal fungus of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) rust, occurs in most soybean-growing areas of the world except continental North America. Initial studies on soybean rust isolates from the Western Hemisphere indicated that they were different than isolates from the Eastern Hemisphere. In 1992, the Eastern Hemisphere species, P. pachyrhizi, and the Western Hemisphere species, P. meibomiae, were established for the soybean rust fungi based on morphological differences. The first molecular differentiation of the two species was reported in 2002. A number of studies have reported the occurrence of race in P. pachyrhizi. either on soybeans or on other hosts. In 1984, a set of four native Australian Glycine species were used to identify six different virulence combinations of P. pachyrhizi. Much of the research on differentiating isolates on soybean was completed in a containment facility at in the U.S. Genetic characterization on four plant introductions (PIs) indicated the occurrence of four independently inherited dominant genes. These genes are known to be effective to a limited number of isolates. There are many studies that need to be completed to determine if all isolates respond equally in terms of survival, urediniospore production, telia formation, and host range under different environments. Over the next few years, our understanding of pathogen diversity will increase as more concerted research efforts take place in different parts of the world. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Natl Soybean Res Lab, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL USA. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Natl Soybean Res Lab, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMBRAPA SEMI-ARDO PI PETROLINA PA BR 428, KM 152 - ZONA RURAL CAIXA POSTAL 23, CEP56300-000 PETROLINA, PE, BRAZIL BN 85-7033-004-9 PY 2004 BP 440 EP 446 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BAC40 UT WOS:000221525400059 ER PT B AU Nelson, RL AF Nelson, RL BE Moscardi, F HoffmannCampo, CB Saraiva, OF Galerani, PR Krzyzanowski, FC CarraoPanizzi, MC TI Exchanging, preserving, characterizing, and utilizing soybean germplasm in the USA SO VII WORLD SOYBEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCE - VI INTERNATIONAL SOYBEAN PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION CONFERENCE - III CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE SOJA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Soybean Research Conference/6th International Soybean Processing and Utilization Conference/3rd Brazilian Soybean Congress CY FEB 29-MAR 05, 2004 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Brasilian Agr Res Corp ID ACCESSIONS; DIVERSITY AB Current soybean production in the U.S. was made possible by germplasm exchanges in the early part of the last century. The first soybean introductions in the U.S. were used as breeding populations from which to make selections. The concept of germplasm changed to include intentional preservation and then intentional collection. Germplasm evaluation has also evolved from the collection of minimal information for immediate use to the extensive accumulation of data that is critical for germplasm management. Germplasm utilization began with the creation of the initial genetic base from which the first commercial cultivars were derived. Incorporation of new sources of disease resistance has been a critical part of the expansion of the soybean production. In the future, fully integrating the diversity available in germplasm collections to address all aspects of cultivar improvement will be needed to address the needs of producers and consumers. The USDA has a policy of free exchange of germplasm. As ex situ collections become the only source of germplasm in future, exchange among collections will become more important. As technology allows a greater understanding and more utilization of germplasm, the challenges created by the enormous diversity available will make cooperation more critical. C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Nelson, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMBRAPA SEMI-ARDO PI PETROLINA PA BR 428, KM 152 - ZONA RURAL CAIXA POSTAL 23, CEP56300-000 PETROLINA, PE, BRAZIL BN 85-7033-004-9 PY 2004 BP 631 EP 637 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BAC40 UT WOS:000221525400084 ER PT B AU Erhan, SZ Liu, Z AF Erhan, SZ Liu, Z BE Moscardi, F HoffmannCampo, CB Saraiva, OF Galerani, PR Krzyzanowski, FC CarraoPanizzi, MC TI Soybean oil based composites SO VII WORLD SOYBEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCE - VI INTERNATIONAL SOYBEAN PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION CONFERENCE - III CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE SOJA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Soybean Research Conference/6th International Soybean Processing and Utilization Conference/3rd Brazilian Soybean Congress CY FEB 29-MAR 05, 2004 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Brasilian Agr Res Corp AB Unites States agriculture produces over 15 billion pounds of soybean oil annually, and frequently carry-over exceeds 1 billion pounds. Only 3% of soybean oil produced is used in industrial applications. Development of economically feasible new industrial products from soybean oil is highly desirable. In this study, we prepared soybean oil based composites by the solid freeform fabrication (SHFF) method. Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) is solidified with a gelling agent and composites are formed by fiber reinforcement. Glass, carbon, and mineral fibers are used in the formulations. The type of fiber and degree of fiber alignments affect the properties of the composites. In addition, the effects of curing agents, curing temperature, fiber combination, and fiber loading on mechanical properties of composites and dynamic analysis are studied and reported. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP Erhan, SZ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMBRAPA SEMI-ARDO PI PETROLINA PA BR 428, KM 152 - ZONA RURAL CAIXA POSTAL 23, CEP56300-000 PETROLINA, PE, BRAZIL BN 85-7033-004-9 PY 2004 BP 738 EP 744 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BAC40 UT WOS:000221525400099 ER PT B AU Foglia, TA Ashby, R Solaiman, D Haas, MJ Piazza, G Marmer, WN AF Foglia, TA Ashby, R Solaiman, D Haas, MJ Piazza, G Marmer, WN BE Moscardi, F HoffmannCampo, CB Saraiva, OF Galerani, PR Krzyzanowski, FC CarraoPanizzi, MC TI Bioprocessing of oils and fats to higher value-added products SO VII WORLD SOYBEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCE - VI INTERNATIONAL SOYBEAN PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION CONFERENCE - III CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE SOJA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Soybean Research Conference/6th International Soybean Processing and Utilization Conference/3rd Brazilian Soybean Congress CY FEB 29-MAR 05, 2004 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Brasilian Agr Res Corp AB Fats and oils were once the primary sources of aliphatic carbon compounds used by industry. Despite their ready availability and competitive price the non-food use of fats and oils continues to decline in almost all applications. To reverse these trends, our laboratory is evaluating the application of biocatalysis and biomimicry (chemical reactions that mimic enzyme reactions) to fats and oils. The goal of the research is to expand current uses and identifying new uses of fats and oils in higher-value added applications. Particular areas of research in which we are exploring and developing include: the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of structured and neutraceutical triacylglycerols; the biocatalytic oxygenation of fatty acids; and the microbial production of biodegradable polymers and surfactants from fat and oil substrates. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Foglia, TA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU EMBRAPA SEMI-ARDO PI PETROLINA PA BR 428, KM 152 - ZONA RURAL CAIXA POSTAL 23, CEP56300-000 PETROLINA, PE, BRAZIL BN 85-7033-004-9 PY 2004 BP 754 EP 758 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BAC40 UT WOS:000221525400102 ER PT B AU Hou, CT AF Hou, CT BE Moscardi, F HoffmannCampo, CB Saraiva, OF Galerani, PR Krzyzanowski, FC CarraoPanizzi, MC TI Production of novel oxygenated fatty acids from soybean oil and pufas by biocatalysis SO VII WORLD SOYBEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCE - VI INTERNATIONAL SOYBEAN PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION CONFERENCE - III CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE SOJA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Soybean Research Conference/6th International Soybean Processing and Utilization Conference/3rd Brazilian Soybean Congress CY FEB 29-MAR 05, 2004 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Brasilian Agr Res Corp ID CLAVIBACTER SP ALA2; LINOLEIC-ACID AB We are working on new uses for soybean oil by developing new value-added products through bioprocesses. Our microbial culture, Clavibacter sp. ALA2 produces many new oxygenated products from linoleic acid such as: 12,1 3-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (12,1 3-DHOA), 12,13,17-trihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (12,13,17-THOA), 12:17; 13:17-diepoxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (DEOA), 7-hydroxy-DEOA, and two tetrahydrofuranyl unsaturated fatty acids (THFAs). We also found that strain ALA2 converts other n-3 and n-6 unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) into novel products. Products obtained from n-3 fatty acid, such as a-linolenic acid were converted to tetrahydrofuranyl fatty acid products. Similarly, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were converted to 15, 18-dihydroxy-1 4,11 7-epoxy-5(Z),8(Z),11(Z)- eicosatrienoic acid and 17,20-dihydroxy-16,19-epoxy-4(Z),7(Z),10(Z),13(Z)-docosatetraenoic acid, respectively. In contrast, n-6 fatty acids, such as linoleic acid, +/- -linolenic acid and arachidonic acid, were converted to diepoxy bicyclic fatty acids, tetrahydrofuranyl monohydroxy fatty acids, and trihydroxy fatty acids. Therefore, the structures of bioconversion products were different between n-3 and n-6 PUFAs. Furthermore, strain ALA2 places hydroxy group and cyclic structure at the same position from the E-terminal despite the number of carbon chains and double bonds of PUFAs. All of these new products have high potential of being used in biomedical applications. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hou, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMBRAPA SEMI-ARDO PI PETROLINA PA BR 428, KM 152 - ZONA RURAL CAIXA POSTAL 23, CEP56300-000 PETROLINA, PE, BRAZIL BN 85-7033-004-9 PY 2004 BP 759 EP 763 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BAC40 UT WOS:000221525400103 ER PT B AU McKeon, T He, X Turner, C Ikeda, M Chen, G Lin, JT AF McKeon, T He, X Turner, C Ikeda, M Chen, G Lin, JT BE Moscardi, F HoffmannCampo, CB Saraiva, OF Galerani, PR Krzyzanowski, FC CarraoPanizzi, MC TI Biosynthesis of soybean oil in isolated microsomes SO VII WORLD SOYBEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCE - VI INTERNATIONAL SOYBEAN PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION CONFERENCE - III CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE SOJA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Soybean Research Conference/6th International Soybean Processing and Utilization Conference/3rd Brazilian Soybean Congress CY FEB 29-MAR 05, 2004 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Brasilian Agr Res Corp C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP McKeon, T (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMBRAPA SEMI-ARDO PI PETROLINA PA BR 428, KM 152 - ZONA RURAL CAIXA POSTAL 23, CEP56300-000 PETROLINA, PE, BRAZIL BN 85-7033-004-9 PY 2004 BP 764 EP 765 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BAC40 UT WOS:000221525400104 ER PT B AU Haas, MJ Scott, KM McAloon, A Foglia, TA AF Haas, MJ Scott, KM McAloon, A Foglia, TA BE Moscardi, F HoffmannCampo, CB Saraiva, OF Galerani, PR Krzyzanowski, FC CarraoPanizzi, MC TI New uses for refinery byproducts: biodiesel from soybean soapstock SO VII WORLD SOYBEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCE - VI INTERNATIONAL SOYBEAN PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION CONFERENCE - III CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE SOJA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Soybean Research Conference/6th International Soybean Processing and Utilization Conference/3rd Brazilian Soybean Congress CY FEB 29-MAR 05, 2004 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Brasilian Agr Res Corp AB Semi-refined and refined vegetable oils are the predominant feedstocks for the production of biodiesel. However, their relatively high cost renders the resulting fuels unable to compete economically with petroleum-derived fuel. We have investigated the production of fatty acid methyl esters from soapstock, a byproduct of edible oil refining that is substantially less expensive than edible grade refined oils. The most effective method involved the complete saponification of the soapstock, followed by acidulation using methods similar to those presently employed in industry. This resulted in an acid oil with a free fatty acid content greater than 90%. These fatty acids were efficiently converted to methyl esters by acid-catalyzed esterification, resulting in a product that met the accepted US specifications for biodiesel. Engine emissions and performance during operation on soy soapstock biodiesel were comparable to those on biodiesel produced from soy oil. An economic analysis suggested that the production cost of soapstock biodiesel would be approximately US$ 1.54/gal. This is 25% lower than the estimated cost to produce biodiesel from soy oil. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Haas, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU EMBRAPA SEMI-ARDO PI PETROLINA PA BR 428, KM 152 - ZONA RURAL CAIXA POSTAL 23, CEP56300-000 PETROLINA, PE, BRAZIL BN 85-7033-004-9 PY 2004 BP 994 EP 999 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BAC40 UT WOS:000221525400140 ER PT B AU Knothe, G AF Knothe, G BE Moscardi, F HoffmannCampo, CB Saraiva, OF Galerani, PR Krzyzanowski, FC CarraoPanizzi, MC TI Biodiesel fuel properties of soybean oil fatty acid esters SO VII WORLD SOYBEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCE - VI INTERNATIONAL SOYBEAN PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION CONFERENCE - III CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE SOJA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Soybean Research Conference/6th International Soybean Processing and Utilization Conference/3rd Brazilian Soybean Congress CY FEB 29-MAR 05, 2004 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Brasilian Agr Res Corp ID LOW-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; CRYSTALLIZATION TEMPERATURE; METHYL-ESTERS; DIESEL FUELS; EMISSIONS; BLENDS AB Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel defined as the mono-alkyl esters of vegetable oils or animal fats, which are obtained by the transesterification of the oil or fat with a monohydric alcohol, usually methanol. Soybean oil is the major feedstock for the production of biodiesel in the United States. As virtually all vegetable oils, soybean oil is mainly composed of the triacylglycerols of several fatty acids. The five main fatty acids found in soybean oil - palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids - differ in chain length and degree of (un)saturation. These structural differences impart different physical properties, many of which are of significance for fuel applications. Several other typical fuel properties are also affected. These properties can also be affected by the kind of,ester, i.e., the alcohol used for production of the mono-alkyl esters. This work summarizes some important fuel properties of biodiesel and how they are affected by the properties of the individual esters comprising it. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU EMBRAPA SEMI-ARDO PI PETROLINA PA BR 428, KM 152 - ZONA RURAL CAIXA POSTAL 23, CEP56300-000 PETROLINA, PE, BRAZIL BN 85-7033-004-9 PY 2004 BP 1008 EP 1015 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BAC40 UT WOS:000221525400142 ER PT B AU Berhow, MA Duval, SM Vaughn, SF MacDonald, RS AF Berhow, MA Duval, SM Vaughn, SF MacDonald, RS BE Moscardi, F HoffmannCampo, CB Saraiva, OF Galerani, PR Krzyzanowski, FC CarraoPanizzi, MC TI Analytical and biological assessment of phytochemicals in soybeans and processed soy products SO VII WORLD SOYBEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCE - VI INTERNATIONAL SOYBEAN PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION CONFERENCE - III CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE SOJA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Soybean Research Conference/6th International Soybean Processing and Utilization Conference/3rd Brazilian Soybean Congress CY FEB 29-MAR 05, 2004 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Brasilian Agr Res Corp ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PHYTO-ESTROGENS; ELECTROSPRAY; IONIZATION; SAPONINS AB Interest in the nutraceutical value of soybeans has increased over the past few years as research studies have shown soy foods and soy extracts to be effective in the prevention or mediation of a number of chronic diseases. Yet, in most cases the exact phytochemical agents, or combination of agents, responsible for the observed biological activities have not been fully characterized. While most of the phytochemicals present in soy have been identified, purified individual phytochemicals from soy are not generally available in sufficient quantities for comprehensive nutritional studies. In cooperation with industrial research partners, methodologies are being developed for the production of research quantities of purified phytochemicals, such as the isoflavone glucosides and the saponin glycosides. These in turn are being supplied to cooperative nutritional research programs for their evaluation. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Berhow, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMBRAPA SEMI-ARDO PI PETROLINA PA BR 428, KM 152 - ZONA RURAL CAIXA POSTAL 23, CEP56300-000 PETROLINA, PE, BRAZIL BN 85-7033-004-9 PY 2004 BP 1070 EP 1076 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BAC40 UT WOS:000221525400151 ER PT B AU Cherry, JP AF Cherry, JP BE Moscardi, F HoffmannCampo, CB Saraiva, OF Galerani, PR Krzyzanowski, FC CarraoPanizzi, MC TI Utilization-applications of by-products from processing soybeans SO VII WORLD SOYBEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCE - VI INTERNATIONAL SOYBEAN PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION CONFERENCE - III CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE SOJA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Soybean Research Conference/6th International Soybean Processing and Utilization Conference/3rd Brazilian Soybean Congress CY FEB 29-MAR 05, 2004 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Brasilian Agr Res Corp ID OIL C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Cherry, JP (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMBRAPA SEMI-ARDO PI PETROLINA PA BR 428, KM 152 - ZONA RURAL CAIXA POSTAL 23, CEP56300-000 PETROLINA, PE, BRAZIL BN 85-7033-004-9 PY 2004 BP 1111 EP 1119 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BAC40 UT WOS:000221525400156 ER PT B AU Hojilla-Evangelista, MP Sessa, DJ Willett, JL AF Hojilla-Evangelista, MP Sessa, DJ Willett, JL BE Moscardi, F HoffmannCampo, CB Saraiva, OF Galerani, PR Krzyzanowski, FC CarraoPanizzi, MC TI Processing and modification of soy proteins for non-food applications SO VII WORLD SOYBEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCE - VI INTERNATIONAL SOYBEAN PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION CONFERENCE - III CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE SOJA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Soybean Research Conference/6th International Soybean Processing and Utilization Conference/3rd Brazilian Soybean Congress CY FEB 29-MAR 05, 2004 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Brasilian Agr Res Corp C1 USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hojilla-Evangelista, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMBRAPA SEMI-ARDO PI PETROLINA PA BR 428, KM 152 - ZONA RURAL CAIXA POSTAL 23, CEP56300-000 PETROLINA, PE, BRAZIL BN 85-7033-004-9 PY 2004 BP 1120 EP 1124 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BAC40 UT WOS:000221525400157 ER PT B AU Laszlo, JA Compton, DL Warner, K AF Laszlo, JA Compton, DL Warner, K BE Moscardi, F HoffmannCampo, CB Saraiva, OF Galerani, PR Krzyzanowski, FC CarraoPanizzi, MC TI SoyScreen (TM): a sunscreen active agent from soybean oil SO VII WORLD SOYBEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCE - VI INTERNATIONAL SOYBEAN PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION CONFERENCE - III CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE SOJA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Soybean Research Conference/6th International Soybean Processing and Utilization Conference/3rd Brazilian Soybean Congress CY FEB 29-MAR 05, 2004 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP Brasilian Agr Res Corp C1 USDA ARS, US Dept Agr, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Laszlo, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dept Agr, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMBRAPA SEMI-ARDO PI PETROLINA PA BR 428, KM 152 - ZONA RURAL CAIXA POSTAL 23, CEP56300-000 PETROLINA, PE, BRAZIL BN 85-7033-004-9 PY 2004 BP 1131 EP 1131 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BAC40 UT WOS:000221525400159 ER PT J AU Endsley, JJ Ridpath, JF Neill, JD Sandbulte, MR Roth, JA AF Endsley, JJ Ridpath, JF Neill, JD Sandbulte, MR Roth, JA TI Induction of T lymphocytes specific for bovine viral diarrhea virus in calves with maternal antibody SO VIRAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YOUNG CALVES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CELL RESPONSES; PASSIVE-IMMUNITY; CATTLE; VACCINATION; INFECTION; DISEASE; GAMMA; THROMBOCYTOPENIA AB Passive antibody to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) acquired through colostrum intake may interfere with the development of a protective immune response by calves to this virus. The objective of this study was to determine if calves, with a high level of maternal antibody to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), develop CD4(+), CD8(+), or gammadelta T lymphocyte responses to BVDV in the absence of a measurable humoral immune response. Colostrum or milk replacer fed calves were challenged with virulent BVDV at 2-5 weeks of age and/or after maternal antibody had waned. Calves exposed to BVDV while passive antibody levels were high did not mount a measurable humoral immune response to BVDV. However, compared to nonexposed animals, these animals had CD4(+), CD8(+), and gammadelta T lymphocytes that were activated by BVDV after exposure to in vitro BVDV. The production of IFNgamma by lymphocytes after in vitro BVDV exposure was also much greater in lymphocytes from calves exposed to BVDV in the presence of maternal antibody compared to the nonexposed calves. These data indicate that calves exposed to BVDV while maternal antibody levels are high can develop antigen specific CD4(+), CD8(+), and gammadelta T lymphocytes in the absence of an active antibody response. A manuscript presented separately demonstrates that the calves with T lymphocytes specific for BVDV in this study were also protected from virulent BVDV genotype 2 challenge after maternal antibody became undetectable. C1 Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med 2156, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Roth, JA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med 2156, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jaroth@iastate.edu RI Roth, James/A-7122-2009 OI Roth, James/0000-0003-3562-668X NR 40 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0882-8245 J9 VIRAL IMMUNOL JI Viral Immunol. PY 2004 VL 17 IS 1 BP 13 EP 23 DI 10.1089/088282404322875421 PG 11 WC Immunology; Virology SC Immunology; Virology GA 804WD UT WOS:000220327900003 PM 15018659 ER PT S AU Han, SN Adolfsson, O Lee, CK Prolla, TA Ordovas, J Meydani, SN AF Han, SN Adolfsson, O Lee, CK Prolla, TA Ordovas, J Meydani, SN BE Kelly, F Meydani, M Packer, L TI Vitamin E and gene expression in immune cells SO VITAMIN E AND HEALTH SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vitamin E and Health CY MAY 22-24, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Cognis Nutr & Hlth, BASF AG, NIH, NIDDK, Off Dietary Supplements, USDA, Natl Res Initiat, CSREES DE vitamin E; gene expression; immune cells; aging ID T-CELLS; E SUPPLEMENTATION; RECEPTOR EXPRESSION; AGED MICE; OLD MICE; LYMPHOCYTES; CYCLE; PROTEIN; PROLIFERATION; NAIVE AB Aging is associated with dysregulation of immune cells, particularly T cells. Previous studies indicated that vitamin E improves T cell function, in part by a direct effect on T cells. We studied gene expression profile of T cells to better understand the underlying mechanisms of aging- and vitamin E-induced changes in T cell function. Young and old C57BL mice were fed diets containing 30 (control) or 500 (E) ppm of vitamin E for 4 weeks. T cells were purified from splenocytes by negative selection using magnetic beads (anti-Mac-1 and anti-MHC class II), then cultured with media or stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28. Gene expression profile was assessed using microarray analysis. Genes showing more than two-fold changes, P < 0.05 by ANOVA, and with at least one present call were selected. Aging had significant effects on genes involved in signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, and apoptosis pathways in T cells, while vitamin E had a significant effect on genes associated with the regulation of cell cycle. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Genet & Med Genet, Madison, WI USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Han, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Immunol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sungnim.han@tufts.edu RI Lee, Cheol-Koo/F-2103-2013; OI Lee, Cheol-Koo/0000-0003-3927-9195; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-527-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2004 VL 1031 BP 96 EP 101 DI 10.1196/annals.1331.010 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology GA BBW42 UT WOS:000228129200009 PM 15753137 ER PT S AU Meydani, SN Han, SN Hamer, DH AF Meydani, SN Han, SN Hamer, DH BE Kelly, F Meydani, M Packer, L TI Vitamin E and respiratory infection in the elderly SO VITAMIN E AND HEALTH SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vitamin E and Health CY MAY 22-24, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Cognis Nutr & Hlth, BASF AG, NIH, NIDDK, Off Dietary Supplements, USDA, Natl Res Initiat, CSREES DE vitamin E supplementation; elderly; immune function; infectious diseases ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; NURSING-HOME PATIENTS; TERM-CARE FACILITIES; E SUPPLEMENTATION; COMMON COLD; RHINOVIRUS INFECTIONS; VIRAL-INFECTIONS; TRACT INFECTIONS; RISK-FACTORS AB Respiratory infections are prevalent in the elderly, resulting in increased morbidity, mortality, and utilization of health care services. Contributing to the increased incidence of infection with age is the well-described decline in immune response, which has been correlated with patterns of illness in the elderly. For example, there are higher morbidity and mortality from cancer, pneumonia, and post-operative complications in those who have diminished, delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test responses. Nutritional status is an important determinant of immune function. We have shown in double-blind, placebo-controlled trials that vitamin E supplementation significantly improved immune response, including DTH and response to vaccines. Furthermore, subjects receiving vitamin E in the 6-month trial had a 30% lower incidence of infectious diseases. That study, however, was not powered to demonstrate statistical significance, and the infections were self-reported. To overcome these limitations, we conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the effect of one-year supplementation with 200 IU/day vitamin E on the incidence and duration of respiratory infections in 617 elderly nursing home residents. The results of this clinical trial show that vitamin E supplementation significantly reduces the incidence rate of common colds and the number of subjects who acquire a cold among elderly nursing home residents. A nonsignificant reduction in the duration of colds was also observed. Because of the high rate and more severe morbidity associated with common colds in this age group, these findings have important implications for the well being of the elderly as well as for the economic burden associated with their care. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sackler Sch Grad Biomed Sci, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Int Hlth & Dev, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Immunol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM simin.meydani@tufts.edu OI Hamer, Davidson/0000-0002-4700-1495 FU NIA NIH HHS [1R01-AG 13975] NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-528-1; 1-57331-527-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2004 VL 1031 BP 214 EP 222 DI 10.1196/annals.1331.021 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology GA BBW42 UT WOS:000228129200019 PM 15753147 ER PT S AU Meydani, M AF Meydani, M BE Kelly, F Meydani, M Packer, L TI Vitamin E modulation of cardiovascular disease SO VITAMIN E AND HEALTH SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vitamin E and Health CY MAY 22-24, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Cognis Nutr & Hlth, BASF AG, NIH, NIDDK, Off Dietary Supplements, USDA, Natl Res Initiat, CSREES DE alpha-tocopherol; cardiovascular disease; atherosclerosis; cell culture; animal model ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION; VASODILATOR FUNCTION; REDUCES PROGRESSION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; RANDOMIZED TRIAL AB Endothelium in the vascular system is an important modulator of vasomotor tone and coagulation, and it plays a crucial role in the inhibition of adhesion and activation of platelets and leukocytes. Evidence indicates that dietary antioxidants may modulate these endothelium-dependent vascular functions through several mechanisms and may contribute to the prevention of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. Several cell cultures as well as animal and human clinical and observational studies have tested the efficacy of Vitamin E on vascular function and the prevention of atherosclerosis. Our cell culture studies have indicated that vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) inhibits the activation of endothelial cells stimulated by high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This inhibition is associated with the suppression of chemokines, the expression of cell surface adhesion molecules, and the adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells, all of which contribute to the development of lesions in the arterial wall. The molecular mechanisms by which alpha-tocopherol and other tocopherols modulate endothelial cells and smooth muscle functions have been delineated. We, and others, have also demonstrated a positive effect of dietary vitamin E on endothelium and vascular function in animal models of atherosclerosis. Several human clinical trials have also shown an improvement in the surrogate markers of atherosclerosis and vascular function by vitamin E supplementation. However, these findings have been contradicted by several vitamin E supplementation trials for the prevention of secondary cardiovascular events showing null effect. Intervention at a relatively late stage of disease and the single use of vitamin E rather than in combination with other antioxidants might have contributed to these contradictory findings. Evidence from cell cultures, as well as animal and human clinical and observational studies, strongly supports the contribution of dietary vitamin E to the maintenance of vascular function and health, in particular when it is used in combination with other dietary antioxidants, which are found in fruits, vegetables, and nuts. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Vasc Biol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM mohsen.meydani@tufts.edu; mohsen.meydani@tufts.edu NR 59 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-527-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2004 VL 1031 BP 271 EP 279 DI 10.1196/annals.1331.027 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology GA BBW42 UT WOS:000228129200025 PM 15753153 ER PT S AU Gao, X Wilde, PE Maras, JE Bermudez, OI Tucker, KL AF Gao, X Wilde, PE Maras, JE Bermudez, OI Tucker, KL BE Kelly, F Meydani, M Packer, L TI The maximal amount of alpha-tocopherol intake from foods alone in US adults (1994-1996 CSFII) An analysis by linear programming SO VITAMIN E AND HEALTH SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vitamin E and Health CY MAY 22-24, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Cognis Nutr & Hlth, BASF AG, NIH, NIDDK, Off Dietary Supplements, USDA, Natl Res Initiat, CSREES DE alpha-tocopherol; linear programming; DRI C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Wilde, Parke/B-6011-2009; Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 OI Wilde, Parke/0000-0002-9596-9230; FU NIA NIH HHS [AG10425-05] NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-527-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2004 VL 1031 BP 385 EP 386 DI 10.1196/annals.1331.051 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology GA BBW42 UT WOS:000228129200048 PM 15753176 ER PT S AU Gay, R Han, SN Marko, M Belisle, S Bronson, R Meydani, SN AF Gay, R Han, SN Marko, M Belisle, S Bronson, R Meydani, SN BE Kelly, F Meydani, M Packer, L TI The effect of vitamin E on secondary bacterial infection after influenza infection in young and old mice SO VITAMIN E AND HEALTH SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vitamin E and Health CY MAY 22-24, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Cognis Nutr & Hlth, BASF AG, NIH, NIDDK, Off Dietary Supplements, USDA, Natl Res Initiat, CSREES DE influenza; Staphylococcus aureus; pneumonia; vitamin E; aging; coinfection ID VIRUS; CLEARANCE; MORTALITY; DISEASES AB Mortality from influenza is high in the elderly. Deaths are mainly due to secondary complications, including Staphylococcus aureus (SA) infections. Vitamin E (E) supplementation reduces influenza in aged mice. This study determined the efficacy of E supplementation on secondary bacterial infections after influenza in young and old mice. C57BL/6 mice were fed diets containing 30 or 500 ppm E for 4 weeks. Priming with influenza significantly increased SA in the lungs of infected mice fed control diet. Age did not have a significant effect on SA infection alone or SA infection after influenza infection. E supplementation did not have a significant effect on SA infection alone. However, E supplementation abolished the priming effect of influenza on SA. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutrit Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Vet Med, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutrit Immunol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Simin.Meydani@tufts.edu NR 13 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-527-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2004 VL 1031 BP 418 EP 421 DI 10.1196/annals.1331.061 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology GA BBW42 UT WOS:000228129200057 PM 15753185 ER PT S AU Wu, DY Han, SN Meydani, M Meydani, SN AF Wu, DY Han, SN Meydani, M Meydani, SN BE Kelly, F Meydani, M Packer, L TI Effect of concomitant consumption of fish oil and vitamin E on production of inflammatory cytokines in healthy elderly humans SO VITAMIN E AND HEALTH SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vitamin E and Health CY MAY 22-24, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Cognis Nutr & Hlth, BASF AG, NIH, NIDDK, Off Dietary Supplements, USDA, Natl Res Initiat, CSREES DE vitamin E; fish oil; inflammatory cytokines; aging AB A beneficial effect of fish oil in reducing inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases has been suggested. This effect occurs in part through fish oil's inhibition of synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Epidemiologic studies have shown a link between increased intake of vitamin E in diet and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Since pro-inflammatory cytokines have been indicated in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, the current study was designed to determine the effect of concomitant consumption of fish oil and vitamin E on interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Healthy elderly subjects consumed fish oil plus different doses of vitamin E for 3 months. The results indicated that, in general, fish oil inhibited production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and vitamin E did not interfere with this effect of fish oil; rather its supplementation might further contribute to the fish oil-induced inhibition of these cytokines, in particular at the 200 mg/d dose. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutrit Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutrit Immunol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM simin.meydani@tufts.edu; simin.meydani@tufts.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG11020] NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-527-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2004 VL 1031 BP 422 EP 424 DI 10.1196/annals.1331.062 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology GA BBW42 UT WOS:000228129200058 PM 15753186 ER PT S AU Wu, DY Liu, LP Meydani, M Meydani, SN AF Wu, DY Liu, LP Meydani, M Meydani, SN BE Kelly, F Meydani, M Packer, L TI Effect of vitamin E on prostacyclin (PGI(2)) and prostaglandin (PG) E-2 production by human aorta endothelial cells mechanism of action SO VITAMIN E AND HEALTH SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vitamin E and Health CY MAY 22-24, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Cognis Nutr & Hlth, BASF AG, NIH, NIDDK, Off Dietary Supplements, USDA, Natl Res Initiat, CSREES DE vitamin E; prostanoids; phospholipase A(2); endothelial cells AB Vitamin E has been suggested to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Prostanoids are vasoactive molecules, the change in whose production contributes to homeostasis and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system. In the current study, we determined the effect of vitamin E on production of vasodilative PGI(2) and PGE(2) by human aorta endothelial cells (HAECs) and its underlying mechanism. Results showed that vitamin E increased production of both prostanoids by HAECs. This effect of vitamin E is due to increased release of substrate arachidonic acid, which in turn results from increased expression of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)). C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutrit Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wu, DY (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutrit Immunol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM dayong.wu@tufts.edu RI Liu, Liping/D-3663-2009 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-527-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2004 VL 1031 BP 425 EP 427 DI 10.1196/annals.1331.063 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology GA BBW42 UT WOS:000228129200059 PM 15753187 ER PT J AU Pena, JP Tarara, J AF Pena, JP Tarara, J TI A portable whole canopy gas exchange system for several mature field-grown grapevines SO VITIS LA English DT Article DE chamber; open-system; photosynthesis; transpiration; Vitis vinifera; irrigation; water stress; whole canopy ID VITIS-VINIFERA L; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CROP LOAD; VINE PHOTOSYNTHESIS; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ASSIMILATION RATE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SHADE LEAVES; AIR HUMIDITY; LEAF-AREA AB Six flow-through chambers (8 m 3 volume) were built to measure gas exchange (CO2 and H2O) of whole vines under deficit irrigation regimes that imposed water stress at different stages of berry development. Chamber design and materials were selected to minimize environmental effects, and to accommodate the trellis of a mature, field-grown vine. A framed design allowed the chambers to withstand sustained winds up to 13 m s(-1), overcoming one disadvantage of the balloon-type chambers. At mid-canopy height, 1.6 m, air temperature inside the chamber was no more than 2.5 degreesC higher than at the same height in the canopy of an unchambered vine. Over 24 h, solar radiation inside the chamber was 90 % of ambient. For vines irrigated according to standard industry practice, maximum values of net CO2 exchange approached 12 mumol m(-2) s(-1), whereas in water-stressed vines the maxima approached only 6.5 mumol m(-2) s(-1). Transpiration among water-stressed plants was reduced, with maximum rates at 1 mmol m(-2) s(-1) while vines under standard irrigation were at 2.5 mmol m(-2) s(-1). Apparent light saturation for canopy photosynthesis was approximately 1200 mumol m(-2) s(-1) PPFD (photosynthetic photon flux density) for vines under standard irrigation, and about 800 mumol m(-2) s(-1) PPFD for vines under water stress. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, IAREC, Prosser, WA USA. EEA Mendoza INTA, Mendoza, Argentina. RP Tarara, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM jtarara@wsu.edu NR 56 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU BUNDESANSTALT ZUCHTUNGS FORSCHUNG KULTURPFLANZEN PI SIEBELDINGEN PA INST REBENZUCHTUNG GEILWEILERHOF, D-76833 SIEBELDINGEN, GERMANY SN 0042-7500 J9 VITIS JI Vitis PY 2004 VL 43 IS 1 BP 7 EP 14 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 816AG UT WOS:000221082200002 ER PT J AU Sikora, LJ AF Sikora, LJ TI Effects of basaltic mineral fines on composting SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sustainable Wastes Management CY OCT, 2003 CL SARDINIA, ITALY DE composting; rock dust; mineral fines; microorganisms; biological activity ID RHIZOSPHERE AB A by-product of the construction aggregate industry is fines or dust that contain trace elements such as zinc and copper and significant amounts of iron, aluminum, silica and potassium. Beneficial uses for these materials have been proposed such as replenishing depleted soils and amendment in mixtures of organic byproducts prior to composting. To evaluate the beneficial uses in composting, outdoor bin studies were conducted using a beef cattle manure, straw and wood chip mixture amended with and without basaltic mineral fines. Temperature differences in composting mixtures of equal volumes, equal moisture and relatively equal material content are considered an indication of differing biological activities [Haug, Compost Engineering Principles and Practice. Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, MI. (1980)]. Temperatures were lower in the mineral fine-treated manure mixture initially. After turning the piles at six weeks, temperatures tended to be higher in the mineral fine amended mixture. Overall, temperatures were not significantly different suggesting that mineral fines amendment does not significantly increase temperature and activity in composting mixtures. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sikora, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sikoral@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 139 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.wasman.2003.08.005 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 773GK UT WOS:000188889400004 PM 14761752 ER PT J AU Clausen, C AF Clausen, C TI Improving the two-step remediation process for CCA-treated wood: Part I. Evaluating oxalic acid extraction SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CCA; Bacillus licheniformis; Aspergillus niger; oxalic acid; remediation ID ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; COPPER; SOLUBILIZATION; CHROMIUM; REMOVAL AB In this study, three possible improvements to a remediation process for chromated-copper-arsenate- (CCA) treated wood were evaluated. The process involves two steps: oxalic acid extraction of wood fiber followed by bacterial culture with Bacillus licheniformis CC01. The three potential improvements to the oxalic acid extraction step were (1) reusing oxalic acid for multiple extractions, (2) varying the ratio of oxalic acid to wood, and (3) using a noncommercial source of oxalic acid such as Aspergillus niger, which produces oxalic acid as a metabolic byproduct. Reusing oxalic acid for multiple extractions removed significant amounts of copper, chromium, and arsenic. Increasing the ratio of wood to acid caused a steady decline in metal removal. Aspergillus niger removed moderate amounts of copper, chromium, and arsenic from CCA-treated wood. Although A. niger was effective, culture medium costs are likely to offset any benefits. Repeated extraction with commercial oxalic acid appears to be the most cost-effective method tested for the two-step process. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Clausen, C (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM cclausen@fs.fed.us NR 19 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 401 EP 405 DI 10.1016/j.wasman.2003.11.008 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 816FX UT WOS:000221096900012 PM 15081068 ER PT J AU Clausen, CA AF Clausen, CA TI Improving the two-step remediation process for CCA-treated wood: Part II. Evaluating bacterial nutrient sources SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID REMOVAL AB Remediation processes for recovery and reuse of chromated-copper-arsenate- (CCA) treated wood are not gaining wide acceptance because they are more expensive than landfill disposal. One reason is the high cost of the nutrient medium used to culture the metal-tolerant bacterium, Bacillus licheniformis, which removes 70-100% of the copper, chromium, and arsenic from CCA-treated southern yellow pine (CCA-SYP) in a two-step process involving oxalic acid extraction and bacterial culture. To reduce this cost, the nutrient concentration in the culture medium and the ratio of wood to nutrient medium were optimized. Maximum metal removal occurred when B. licheniformis was cultured in 1.0% nutrient medium and at a wood to nutrient medium ratio of 1:10. Also, malted barley, an abundant by-product of brewing, was evaluated as an alternative nutrient medium. Tests were done to determine absorption of metals by barley, and the results indicate that the barley acted as a biosorbent, removing heavy metals from the liquid culture after their release from CCA to SYP. For comparison, tests were also performed with no nutrient medium. Following bacterial remediation, 17% copper and 15% arsenic were removed from an aqueous slurry of CCA-SYP (no medium). When oxalic acid extraction preceded the aqueous bacterial culture, 21% copper, 54% chromium, and 63% arsenic were removed. The two-step process (oxalic acid extraction and bacterial culture with nutrient medium) appears to be an effective, yet. costly, way to remove metals. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Clausen, CA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM cclausen@fs.fed.us NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 407 EP 411 DI 10.1016/j.wasman.2003.11.007 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 816FX UT WOS:000221096900013 PM 15081069 ER PT J AU Padgett, PE Bytnerowicz, A Dawson, PJ Riechers, GH Fitz, DR AF Padgett, PE Bytnerowicz, A Dawson, PJ Riechers, GH Fitz, DR TI Design, evaluation and application of a continuously stirred tank reactor system for use in nitric acid air pollutant studies SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE air pollution; dry deposition; fumigation studies; nitrogen deposition ID DRY DEPOSITION; HNO3 VAPOR; NITROGEN; CALIFORNIA; FORESTS; FOLIAGE; CANOPY; MODEL; GASES AB Nitric acid (HNO3) vapor is a significant component of air pollution. Dry deposition of HNO3 is thought to be a major contributor to terrestrial loading of anthropogenically-derived nitrogen (N), but many questions remain regarding the physico-chemical process of deposition and the biological responses to accumulation of dry-deposited HNO3 on surfaces. To examine these processes experimentally, a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) fumigation system has been constructed. This system enables simultaneous fumigation at several concentrations in working volumes 1.3 m dia by 1.3 m ht, allowing for simultaneous fumigation of many experimental units. Evaluation of the system indicates that it is appropriate for long-term exposures of several months duration and capable of mimicking patterns of diurnal atmospheric HNO3 concentrations representative of areas with different levels of pollution. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific Sw Forest & Range Expt Stn, USDA, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92502 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Environm Res & Technol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Padgett, PE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific Sw Forest & Range Expt Stn, USDA, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92502 USA. RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 151 IS 1-4 BP 35 EP 51 DI 10.1023/B:WATE.0000009890.74470.fa PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 756ZT UT WOS:000187516200004 ER PT J AU Campbell, JL Hornbeck, JW Mitchell, MJ Adams, MB Castro, MS Driscoll, CT Kahl, JS Kochenderfer, JN Likens, GE Lynch, JA Murdoch, PS Nelson, SJ Shanley, JB AF Campbell, JL Hornbeck, JW Mitchell, MJ Adams, MB Castro, MS Driscoll, CT Kahl, JS Kochenderfer, JN Likens, GE Lynch, JA Murdoch, PS Nelson, SJ Shanley, JB TI Input-output budgets of inorganic nitrogen for 24 forest watersheds in the northeastern United States: A review SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Review DE ammonium; input-output relationships; nitrate; nitrogen; nitrogen saturation; watersheds ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; DISSOLVED ORGANIC NITROGEN; NEW-YORK; NEW-ENGLAND; CATSKILL MOUNTAINS; ADIRONDACK REGION; TEMPERATE FOREST; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS AB Input-output budgets for dissolved inorganic nitrogen ( DIN) are summarized for 24 small watersheds at 15 locations in the northeastern United States. The study watersheds are completely forested, free of recent physical disturbances, and span a geographical region bounded by West Virginia on the south and west, and Maine on the north and east. Total N budgets are not presented; however, fluxes of inorganic N in precipitation and streamwater dominate inputs and outputs of N at these watersheds. The range in inputs of DIN in wet-only precipitation from nearby National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) sites was 2.7 to 8.1 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) (mean = 6.4 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1); median = 7.0 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)). Outputs of DIN in streamwater ranged from 0.1 to 5.7 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) (mean = 2.0 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1); median = 1.7 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)). Precipitation inputs of DIN exceeded outputs in streamwater at all watersheds, with net retention of DIN ranging from 1.2 to 7.3 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) (mean = 4.4 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1); median = 4.6 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)). Outputs of DIN in streamwater were predominantly NO3-N ( mean = 89%; median = 94%). Wet deposition of DIN was not significantly related to DIN outputs in streamwater for these watersheds. Watershed characteristics such as hydrology, vegetation type, and land-use history affect DIN losses and may mask any relationship between inputs and outputs. Consequently, these factors need to be included in the development of indices and simulation models for predicting 'nitrogen saturation' and other ecological processes. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Fac Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Univ Maine, Senator George J Mitchell Ctr Environm & Watershe, Orono, ME USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, Forest Resources Lab 311, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Troy, NY USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Montpelier, VT USA. RP Campbell, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; Castro, Mark/J-6529-2015; OI Castro, Mark/0000-0002-4279-8204; Campbell, John/0000-0003-4956-1696; Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 NR 83 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 47 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 151 IS 1-4 BP 373 EP 396 DI 10.1023/B:WATE.0000009908.94219.04 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 756ZT UT WOS:000187516200023 ER PT J AU Liehr, SK Rubin, AR Tonning, B AF Liehr, SK Rubin, AR Tonning, B TI Natural treatment and onsite processes SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT; FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; ORLANDO EASTERLY WETLAND; NUTRIENT REMOVAL; NITROGEN REMOVAL; HEAVY-METALS; STABILIZATION PONDS; DECENTRALIZED TREATMENT; PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL; TREATMENT SYSTEM C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Tetra Tech, Watershed Management Serv, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Liehr, SK (reprint author), 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM sarah_liehr@ncsu.edu NR 122 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PY 2004 VL 76 IS 6 BP 1191 EP 1237 DI 10.2175/106143004X142059 PG 47 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 905DM UT WOS:000227547900010 ER PT B AU Garbrecht, JD Garbrecht, GKH AF Garbrecht, JD Garbrecht, GKH BE Rogers, JR Brown, GO Garbrecht, JD TI Sedimentation of harbors and counter-measures in the Greek and roman era SO WATER RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Environmental-and-Water-Resources-Institute CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Environm & Water Resources Inst AB Harbor protection from upland erosion and coastline sedimentation in the Greek and Roman era are illustrated for the harbors of Ephesos on the Aegean Sea and Seleukeia Piereia on the eastern Mediterranean coast. Sedimentation and delta propagation forced the harbor of Ephesos to be relocated and its access protected from the effects of coastline sedimentation. After many centuries of operation, the harbor was ultimately cut of from the sea, and the city of Ephesos declined as a prosperous and influential city. In the case of Seleukeia Piereia, a small intermittent mountain river discharged sediments into the harbor basin. Roman engineers protected the harbor by diverting the river and sediments through a mountain tunnel away from the harbor. Both examples illustrate the know-how and technical ability of the Greek and Romans to maintain and protect their harbors from siltation. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0738-X PY 2004 BP 11 EP 20 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological; Environmental Studies; History SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History GA BBU91 UT WOS:000227945400003 ER PT B AU Garbrecht, RD Garbrecht, GKH AF Garbrecht, RD Garbrecht, GKH BE Rogers, JR Brown, GO Garbrecht, JD TI Siltation behind dams in antiquity SO WATER RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Environmental-and-Water-Resources-Institute CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Environm & Water Resources Inst AB The siltation behind dams in antiquity and measures to extend the operational life of reservoirs is illustrated for the Marib and Kebar dams in Yemen and Iran, respectively. For both dams siltation played a major role. The Marib dam impounded floodwaters to enable irrigation of downstream oases. Over several centuries, silts entrained in the irrigation water accumulated on the irrigated fields up to 15 m high, and the dam was raised to compensate for the loss of slope and conveyance due to the sedimentation. The Kebar dam was an arch dam designed as a small storage reservoir. In addition to small operational openings for irrigation water withdrawals, large openings on the upstream side of the dam were probably used during construction to pass the water of the river, but may also have been used for periodical flushing of accumulated sediments. Both examples show that the engineers of the time were keenly aware of reservoir siltation problems and were able to successfully extend the operational lifetime of the reservoirs by structural enhancements and probable sediment flushing. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0738-X PY 2004 BP 35 EP 43 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological; Environmental Studies; History SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History GA BBU91 UT WOS:000227945400006 ER PT J AU Varel, VH Miller, DN Lindsay, AD AF Varel, VH Miller, DN Lindsay, AD TI Plant oils thymol and eugenol affect cattle and swine waster emissions differently SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IWA International Conference on Odours and Volatile Organic Compounds CY SEP 14-17, 2003 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP IWA DE essential oils; eugenol; livestock wastes; odors; pathogens; thymol ID ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; LIVESTOCK WASTE; CARVACROL; PATHOGENS; ODOR AB Wastes generated from the production of cattle and swine in confined facilities create the potential for surface and groundwater pollution, emission of greenhouse gases, transmission of pathogens to food and water sources, and odor. It is our hypothesis that something which inhibits microbial fermentation in livestock wastes will be beneficial to solving some of the environmental problems. Our work has concentrated on the use of antimicrobial plant oils, thymol, thyme oil, carvacrol, eugenol and clove oil. Anaerobic one-litre flasks with a working volume of 0.5 L cattle or swine manure were used to evaluate the effect of thymol and eugenol on production of fermentation gas, short-chain volatile fatty acids, lactate, and bacterial populations. Either oil at 0.2% in both wastes essentially stopped all production of gas and volatile fatty acids, and eliminated all fecal coliform bacteria. In cattle but not swine waste, thymol prevented the accumulation of lactate. However, eugenol stimulated lactate formation in cattle and swine wastes. Thus, eugenol may offer a distinct advantage over thymol, because lactate accumulation in the wastes causes the pH to drop more rapidly, further inhibiting microbial activity and nutrient emissions. We conclude that plant oils may offer solutions to controlling various environmental problems associated with livestock wastes, assuming that they are cost-effective. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EcoSmart Technol, Franklin, TN 37067 USA. RP Varel, VH (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM varel@email.marc.usda.gov; miller@email.marc.usda.gov; dlindsay@ecosmarttechnologies.com NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2004 VL 50 IS 4 BP 207 EP 213 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 861VI UT WOS:000224446300029 PM 15484763 ER PT J AU Cooper, CM Moore, MT Bennett, ER Smith, S Farris, JL Milam, CD Shields, FD AF Cooper, CM Moore, MT Bennett, ER Smith, S Farris, JL Milam, CD Shields, FD TI Innovative uses of vegetated drainage ditches for reducing agricultural runoff SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Diffuse Pollution CY SEP 30-OCT 04, 2002 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP IWA DE BMP; ditch; drainage; esfenvalerate; plants ID LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN; PEAT AREAS; DRIFT; FATE; MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEMS; ATRAZINE; BANKS AB Vegetated agricultural ditches play an important role in mitigation of pesticides following irrigation and storm runoff events. In a simulated runoff event in the Mississippi (USA) Delta, the mitigation capacity of a drainage ditch using the pyrethroid esfenvalerate (Asana XL(TM)) was evaluated. The pesticide was amended to soil prior to the runoff event to simulate actual runoff, ensuring the presence of esfenvalerate in both water and suspended particulate phases. Water, sediment, and plant samples were collected temporally and spatially along the drainage ditch. Even with mixing of the pesticide with soil before application, approximately 99% of measured esfenvalerate was associated with ditch vegetation (Ludwigia peploides, Polygonum amphibium, and Leersia oryzoides) three hours following event initiation. This trend continued for the 112 d study duration. Simple modeling results also suggest that aqueous concentrations of esfenvalerate could be mitigated to 0.1% of the initial exposure concentration within 510 m of a vegetated ditch. Observed field half-lives in water, sediment, and plant were 0.12 d, 9 d, and 1.3 d, respectively. These results validate the role vegetation plays in the mitigation of pesticides, and that ditches are an indispensable component of the agricultural production landscape. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. Arkansas State Univ, Environm Sci Program, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. RP Cooper, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM ccooper@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 60 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 20 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2004 VL 49 IS 3 BP 117 EP 123 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 807UP UT WOS:000220526700014 PM 15053106 ER PT J AU Price, AJ Pline, WA Cranmer, JR Danehower, D AF Price, AJ Pline, WA Cranmer, JR Danehower, D TI Physiological basis for cotton tolerance to flumioxazin applied postemergence directed SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE absorption; translocation; metabolism ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; TRANSLOCATION; SULFENTRAZONE; ACIFLUORFEN; GLYPHOSATE; METABOLISM; ABSORPTION; PREPLANT AB Previous research has shown that flumioxazin, a herbicide being developed as a postemergence-directed spray (PDS) in cotton, has the potential to injure cotton less than 30 cm tall if the herbicide contacts green stem tissue by rain splash or misapplication. In response to this concern, five-leaf cotton plants with chlorophyllous stems and older cotton, 16-leaf cotton plants, with bark. on the lower stem were treated with a PDS containing flumioxazin plus crop oil concentrate (COC) or nonionic surfactant (NIS). Stems of treated plants and untreated plants at the respective growth stage were cross-sectioned and then magnified and photographed using bright-field microscopy techniques. More visible injury consisting of necrosis and desiccation was evident in younger cotton. Also, there was a decrease in treated-stem diameter and an increase in visible injury with COC compared with NIS in younger cotton. The effects of plant growth stage and harvest time on absorption, translocation, and metabolism of C-14-flumioxazin in cotton were also investigated. Total C-14 absorbed at 72 h after treatment (HAT) was 77, 76, and 94% of applied at 4-, 8-, and 12-leaf growth stages, respectively. Cotton at the 12-leaf stage absorbed more C-14 within 48 HAT than was absorbed by four- or eight-leaf cotton by 72 HAT. A majority (31 to 57%) of applied. C-14 remained in the treated stem for all growth stages and harvest times. Treated cotton sterns at all growth stages and harvest times contained higher concentrations (Bq g(-1)) of C-14, than any other tissues. Flumioxazin metabolite's made up less than 5% of the radioactivity found in the treated stem. Because of the undetectable levels of metabolites in other tissues when flumioxazin was applied PDS, flumioxazin was foliar applied to determine whether flumioxazin transported to the leaves may have been metabolized. In foliar-treated cotton, flumioxazin metabolites in the treated leaf of four-leaf cotton totaled 4% of the recovered C-14 72 HAT. Flumioxazin metabolites in the treated leaf of 12-leaf cotton totaled 35% of the recovered C-14 48 HAT. These data suggest that differential absorption, translocation, and metabolism at various growth stages, as well as the development of a bark layer, are the bases for differential tolerances of cotton to flumioxazin applied PDS. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36732 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Valent USA Corp, Cary, NC 27511 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Price, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36732 USA. EM aprice@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 52 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1614/WS-03-038R PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 764QU UT WOS:000188218200001 ER PT J AU Foley, ME AF Foley, ME TI Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) seed dormancy SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE afterripening; germination; weed seed dormancy ID RANGELAND; BIOLOGY AB Leafy spurge is a herbaceous perennial weed that reproduces asexually through adventitious vegetative buds and sexually by seeds. Seeds can remain viable in the soil for up to 8 yr. The objectives of this research were to determine whether the seed coat and endosperm restrict germination and to assess whether afterripening treatments affect germinability. Germination of nonafterripened intact seeds was 30% after 28 d of incubation. Afterripening seeds for 12 wk under warm moist conditions provided a twofold stimulation to 58% germination after 21 d compared with the control and three other afterripening treatments. Afterripening under warm moist conditions for an additional 12 wk provided nearly complete germination within 7 to 21 d, but seeds harvested in year 2000 also responded in the same way to cool moist conditions. The removal of seed coat (dehulled) and removal of endosperm surrounding the embryonic axis in dehulled seeds led to rapid germination, approaching 80 to 90% in 5 d. Fructose did not enhance germination of dehulled seeds or embryonic axes. Thus, leafy spurge displays coat-imposed seed dormancy that can be overcome by afterripening under moist conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Foley, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM foleym@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 52 IS 1 BP 74 EP 77 DI 10.1614/P2002-146 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 764QU UT WOS:000188218200010 ER PT J AU Bailey, BA Hebbar, KP Lumsden, RD O'Neill, NR Lewis, JA AF Bailey, BA Hebbar, KP Lumsden, RD O'Neill, NR Lewis, JA TI Production of Pleospora papaveracea biomass in liquid culture and its infectivity on opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Pleospora papaveracea; bioherbicide; biological control; formulation technology ID BIOLOGICAL WEED-CONTROL; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; DENDRYPHION-PENICILLATUM; FERMENTATION; MYCOHERBICIDE; PATHOGENS; STRAIN; GROWTH; CARBON AB The fungus Pleospora papaveracea is a potential biocontrol agent for opium poppy. The objective of this study was to characterize the growth and production of propagules of P papaveracea on various substrates and determine their infectivity on opium poppy. Pleosporapapaveracea was grown on agar media containing wheat bran, corn cobs, soy fiber, cottonseed meal, rice flour, cornstarch, pectin, dextrin, or molasses, all with the addition of brewer's yeast (BY). Maximum radial growth of P papaveracea occurred on molasses, soy fiber, and wheat bran media. Pleosporapapaveracea produced chlamyclospores on dextrin-BY and cornstarch-BY only. Pleospora papaveracea growth in liquid media with 1% (wt/v) dextrin, cornstarch, soy fiber, or wheat bran resulted in the production of greater than 10(6) colony-forming units (cfu) ml(-1) within 3 to 5 d of incubation. Pleospora papaveracea produced less than 10(5) chlamydospores ml(-1) after 10 d of incubation in wheat bran-BY and soy fiber-BY liquid media compared with the production of greater than 10(5) chlamyclospores ml(-1) after 5 d of incubation in dextrin-BY or cornstarch-BY liquid media. Fewer cfu were produced by P papaveracea in 0.25% dextrin or 0.25 and 0.50% soy fiber liquid media than with 1 or 2% substrate. Greater than 10(7) chlamyclospores g(-1) dry weight and 10(8) cfu g(-1) dry weight of P papaveracea were produced in dextrin-BY liquid media in a commercial bench-top fermentor. After air drying biomass for 6 d, propagules of P papaveracea remained infective on opium poppy. Mycelia and chlamyclospores of P papaveracea grew and formed appressoria during the infection process. Air-dried biomass, when rehydrated in 0.001% Tween 20, caused necrosis within 48 h after application to detached opium poppy leaves. At least 94% of the propagules from air-dried biomass that germinated and infected detached opium poppy leaves were of mycelial origin. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bailey, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Bldg 001,Rm 342, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM baileyb@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 52 IS 1 BP 91 EP 97 DI 10.1614/WS-03-020R PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 764QU UT WOS:000188218200013 ER PT J AU Gronwald, JW Plaisance, KL Bailey, BA AF Gronwald, JW Plaisance, KL Bailey, BA TI Effects of the fungal protein Nep1 and Pseudomonas syringae on growth of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), and common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bioherbicide; weed biocontrol ID FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; DEFENSE RESPONSES; ERYTHROXYLUM-COCA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RNA-POLYMERASE; PV-TAGETIS; ETHYLENE; LEAVES; INDUCTION AB The effects of the fungal protein Nep1 and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis (Pst) applied separately or in combination on Canada thistle, common ragweed, and common dandelion were examined in growth chamber experiments. Experiments examined five treatments: (1) untreated control, (2) Silwet L-77 (0.3%, v/v) control, (3) Nep1 (5 mug ml(-1)) plus Silwet L-77 (0.3%, v/v), (4) Pst (10(9) colony-forming units [cfu] ml(-1)) plus Silwet L-77 (0.3%, v/v), and (5) Pst (10(9) cfu ml(-1)) and Nep1 (5 mug ml(-1)) plus Silwet L-77 (0.3%, v/v). Foliar treatments were applied at 28, 26, and 21 d after planting for Canada thistle, common dandelion, and common ragweed, respectively. For all three species, foliar application of Nep1 alone or in combination with Pst caused rapid desiccation and necrosis of leaves, with the greatest effect on recent, fully expanded (RFE) leaves. Within 4 to 8 h after treatment (HAT), 60 to 80% of RFE leaves of all three species were necrotic. Measured 72 HAT, Pst populations in Canada thistle leaves treated with Nep1 plus Pst were approximately 105 cfu, cm(-2) compared with 10(7) cf, cm(-2) for leaves treated with Pst alone. Measured 2 wk after treatment, foliar application of Nep1 reduced shoot dry weight of the three weeds by 30 to 41%. Treatment with Pst reduced shoot growth of common ragweed, Canada thistle, and common dandelion by 82, 31, and 41%, respectively. The large suppression of common ragweed shoot growth caused by Pst treatment was associated with a high percentage (60%) of leaf area exhibiting chlorosis. Treatment with Pst plus Nep1 did not result in significant decreases in shoot dry weight for Canada thistle and common dandelion compared with either treatment alone. For common ragweed, shoot growth reduction caused by applying Pst and Nep1 together was not greater than that caused by Pst alone. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Gronwald, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM gronw001@umn.edu NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 52 IS 1 BP 98 EP 104 DI 10.1614/ws-03-021R PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 764QU UT WOS:000188218200014 ER PT J AU Chachalis, D Reddy, KN AF Chachalis, D Reddy, KN TI Pelargonic acid and rainfall effects on glyphosate activity in trumpetcreeper (Campsis radicans) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE absorption; interaction; rainfastness; regrowth; translocation; uptake ID FACTORS AFFECTING TOXICITY; AMMONIUM-SULFATE; GLYCINE-MAX; TRANSLOCATION; ABSORPTION; WEED; GLUFOSINATE; SOYBEANS; REDVINE; TEMPERATURE AB The effects of pelargonic acid and rainfall on glyphosate activity, absorption, and translocation in trumpetcreeper were investigated. Four- to six-leaf-stage plants raised from rootstocks were treated with glyphosate at 0, 0.42, 0.84, 1.68, and 3.36 kg ae/ha. Glyphosate at 1.68 kg/ha and higher controlled trumpetcreeper >98% and completely inhibited regrowth from rootstocks of treated plants. A simulated rainfall of 2.5 cm water applied at 6 h after glyphosate application (HAA) reduced efficacy by one-fifth compared with no rainfall. Absorption of C-14-glyphosate in trumpetcreeper increased from 2.3 to 20.2%, whereas translocation increased from 0.4 to 10.5% from 6 to 192 HAA. At 192 HAA, 9.7% of the recovered C-14-label remained in the treated leaf, 0.6% moved above the treated leaf, and 9.0% moved to fibrous roots and rootstock. The addition of pelargonic acid to glyphosate did not improve glyphosate absorption or translocation or synergize activity in trumpetcreeper compared with glyphosate alone. These results suggest that a 24-h rain-free period and 4 d without disturbance from tillage could maximize glyphosate absorption and translocation in trumpetcreeper. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Chachalis, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM kreddy@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 18 IS 1 BP 66 EP 72 DI 10.1614/WT-02-176 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 810DK UT WOS:000220684800010 ER PT J AU Boydston, RA AF Boydston, RA TI Managing volunteer potato (Solanum tuberosum) in field corn (Zea mays) with carfentrazone-ethyl and dicamba SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE groundkeeper (volunteer potato) ID LEAFROLL VIRUS; CULTIVATION; HERBICIDES; COLUMBIA; SIZE AB Volunteer potato is a perennial weed that is difficult to control in crop rotations. Field studies were conducted near Paterson, WA, in 2001 and 2002 to evaluate the control of volunteer potato with carfentrazone-ethyl and dicamba in field corn. When potatoes were not controlled corn yield was reduced 23 and 62% in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Single postemergence (POST) applications of carfontrazone-ethyl at 9 g/ha killed exposed foliage of potato, but new shoots continued to emerge both years and reduced corn yield in 2002. The most effective treatments tested were a single mid-posternergence application of carfentrazone-ethyl plus dicamba (9 + 280 g/ha), two applications of carrentrazone-ethyl alone at early postemergence and late postemergence, and three POST applications of carfentrazone-ethyl, which controlled volunteer potato 77 to 87% in early June, reduced weight of tubers produced by 76 to 96% compared with nontreated checks, and prevented corn yield loss compared with hand-weeded checks. Herbicide treatments reduced potato tuber weight more than tuber number. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Boydston, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM boydston@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 18 IS 1 BP 83 EP 87 DI 10.1614/WT-03-21R PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 810DK UT WOS:000220684800013 ER PT J AU Koger, CH Poston, DH Reddy, KN AF Koger, CH Poston, DH Reddy, KN TI Effect of glyphosate spray coverage on control of pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomass reduction; herbicide efficacy; herbicide tolerance; plant density; plant population ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; WEED-CONTROL; TRANSLOCATION; INTERFERENCE; RESISTANT; FOMESAFEN; TOLERANT AB Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of glyphosate rate and degree of glyphosate spray coverage on pitted morning glory control. Pitted morning glory in the two-, four-, and six-leaf growth stages were treated with the isopropylamine salt of glyphosate at 0.28, 0.56, 0.84, 1.12, 1.40, and 1.68 kg ai/ha. Two- and four-leaf plants were controlled 98% with 1.68 kg/ha glyphosate, whereas six-leaf plants were controlled 68%. Control of two-, four-, and six-leaf plants with the commonly used field rate of 1.12 kg/ha was 68, 60, and 50%, respectively. In a separate greenhouse study, four-leaf pitted morningglory plants with 0, 33, 66, or 100% of their total leaf area exposed to herbicide spray were treated with 0.84, 1.68, or 3.36 kg/ha glyphosate. Increasing glyphosate rate from 0.84 to 3.36 kg/ha increased control from 36 to 88%. In contrast, increasing percent leaf exposure to glyphosate from 0 to 100% increased control from 57 to 75%. Increasing glyphosate rate from 0.84 to 1.68 kg/ha always improved control. However, increasing glyphosate rate from 1.68 to 3.36 kg/ha was beneficial only when no leaves were exposed to the spray solution. In the field, glyphosate spray coverage decreased from 85 to 40% as plant density increased from 1 to 32 plants/m(2). However, control decreased only 11% (90 to 79%) between the highest and lowest levels of glyphosate spray coverage. These results demonstrated that inadequate control of pitted morningglory with glyphosate was more related to tolerance than glyphosate spray coverage. Glyphosate rates higher than 1.68 kg/ha may be beneficial when spray coverage is severely limited or when plants are beyond the four-leaf growth stage. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Koger, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd,POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ckoger@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 18 IS 1 BP 124 EP 130 DI 10.1614/WT-03-055R PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 810DK UT WOS:000220684800020 ER PT J AU Reddy, KN AF Reddy, KN TI Weed control and species shift in bromoxynil- and glyphosate-resistant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) rotation systems SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bromoxynil; fluometuron; glyphosate; pendimethalin; rotation; transgenic cotton; weed density; weed shift ID NARROW-ROW COTTON; NONTRANSGENIC COTTON; MANAGEMENT; PYRITHIOBAC; PROGRAMS; TOLERANT; MSMA AB A field study was conducted from 1999 through 2001 at Stoneville, MS, to determine the effects of bromcxynil-resistant (BR) and glyphosate-resistant (GR) cotton rotation systems under ultranarrow- (25-cm spacing) and wide- (102-cm spacing) row planting on weed control, weed density and shift, and cotton yield. The four rotations during 3 yr included BR-BR-BR, GR-GR-GR, BR-GR-BR, and GR-BR-GR, all with bromoxynil or glyphosate postemergence (POST) only or following fluometuron plus pendimethalin preemergence (PRE). Control of hemp sesbania, pitted morning glory, prickly sida, and hyssop spurge was greater than or equal to 97% regardless of row width, rotation, and herbicide program. Control of common purslane, sicklepod, and smooth pigweed was higher with glyphosate POST in GR cotton than with bromoxynil POST in BR cotton. Broadleaf and yellow nutsedge weed biomass were higher with bromoxynil POST in BR cotton than with glyphosate POST in GR cotton. Continuous BR cotton system resulted in higher densities of common purslane, sicklepod, and yellow nutsedge (15.3, 1.5, and 373 plants/m(2), respectively) compared with continuous GR cotton (0.7, 0.1, and 1.0 plants/m(2), respectively). Seed cotton yield was consistently higher in wide- than in ultranarrow-row cotton. Seed cotton yield was lower in continuous BR cotton than in the other three rotation systems, and yields greatly improved when BR cotton was rotated with GR cotton. During a 3-yr period, seed cotton yields with glyphosate POST only (4,000 to 4,890 kg/ha) or after PRE herbicides (4,480 to 4,860 kg/ha) were similar in GR cotton, whereas in BR cotton, bromoxynil POST only (1,390 to 4,280 kg/ha) resulted in lower yield than did bromoxynil POST after PRE herbicides (2,550 to 4,480 kg/ha). The results indicated that the shift in spectrum of weeds toward more tolerant species and yield decline in continuous BR cotton can be prevented by rotating BR with GR cotton. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Reddy, KN (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM kreddy@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 18 IS 1 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1614/WT-03-059R PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 810DK UT WOS:000220684800021 ER PT J AU Anderson, RL AF Anderson, RL TI Sequencing crops to minimize selection pressure for weeds in the central Great Plains SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AEGCY; frequency of seed production; life-cycle simulation; seed bank; SETVI; weed community density ID GOATGRASS AEGILOPS-CYLINDRICA; WINTER ANNUAL GRASSES; SEEDLING EMERGENCE; CULTURAL SYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; TILLAGE; CORN; WHEAT; SOIL; ECOLOGY AB Dryland rotations are changing in the semiarid Great Plains because of no-till systems. Producers now rotate summer annual crops such as corn with winter wheat and fallow, which can disrupt weed population growth because of diverse life cycles among crops. This study estimated changes in weed populations as affected by rotation design, with the goal of suggesting crop sequences that lower weed community density. We used an empirical life-cycle simulation based on demographics of jointed goatgrass and green foxtail to compare various rotations consisting of winter wheat, corn, proso millet, and fallow across a 12-yr period. The simulation indicated that designing rotations to include a 2-yr interval when seed production of either jointed goatgrass or green foxtail is prevented will drastically reduce weed populations. Arranging four different crops in sequences of two cool-season crops, followed by two warm-season crops was the most beneficial for weed management. Fallow, if used, serves in either life-cycle category. However, if the same crop is grown 2 yr in a row, such as winter wheat, the benefit of rotation design on weed density is reduced considerably. Impact of rotation design on weed density was enhanced by improving crop competitiveness with cultural practices. Rotations with balanced life-cycle intervals not only reduce weed density but enable producers to use alternative weed management strategies, improve effectiveness of herbicides used, and minimize herbicide resistance. C1 USDA ARS, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Anderson, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM randerson@ngirl.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 18 IS 1 BP 157 EP 164 DI 10.1614/WT-03-090R PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 810DK UT WOS:000220684800025 ER PT J AU Forcella, F Amundson, GB AF Forcella, F Amundson, GB TI Methods in weed ecology: Glue retains seeds in shatter-prone seedheads SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amaranthus retroflexus; AMARE; fecundity; seed dispersal; seed production; seed shed AB The difficulty of measuring fecundity of weeds with shatter-prone seeds can be overcome by postanthesis application of nontoxic glues to seedheads. Such glues reduced seed losses of redroot pigweed to < 5% of total seed production compared with 12 to 14% for nontreated plants. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Forcella, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM forcella@morris.ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 18 IS 1 BP 183 EP 185 DI 10.1614/WT-03-108R PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 810DK UT WOS:000220684800028 ER PT J AU Anderson, RL AF Anderson, RL TI Impact of subsurface tillage on weed dynamics in the Central Great Plains SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE crop residues; rotation design; seed bank dynamics; sweep plow ID WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; WINTER ANNUAL GRASSES; MILLET PANICUM-MILIACEUM; CORN ZEA-MAYS; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; SEEDLING EMERGENCE; CROPPING SYSTEMS; FALLOW ROTATION; GREEN FOXTAIL; STRAW MULCH AB Maintaining crop residues on the soil surface has changed cropping practices in the Central Great Plains. Where previously winter wheat-fallow was the prevalent rotation, producers now grow warm-season crops in sequence with winter wheat and fallow. Controlling weeds during fallow with herbicides eliminates the need for tillage, thus conserving more crop residues. However, producers are considering subsurface tillage as an option to manage herbicide-resistant weeds. We reviewed the impact of subsurface tillage with the sweep plow on weed dynamics and crop growth compared with no-till systems. Cropping systems studies show that rotations can be designed to reduce weed community density severalfold; tillage lessens this rotational effect by burying weed seeds and prolonging their survival in soil. Crop residues on the soil surface reduce weed seedling establishment in no-till systems, but tillage eliminates this effect. Crops also yield less after tillage compared with no-till in this semiarid climate. Tillage may help in managing herbicide resistance, but it also may increase weed density as well as reduce crop yield. C1 USDA ARS, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Anderson, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM randerson@ngirl.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 18 IS 1 BP 186 EP 192 DI 10.1614/WT-03-095R1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 810DK UT WOS:000220684800029 ER PT J AU Hardegree, SP Van Vactor, SS AF Hardegree, SP Van Vactor, SS TI Microclimatic constraints and revegetation planning in a variable environment SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Invasive Plants in Natural and Managed Systems CY NOV, 2003 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL DE big squirreltail; bluebunch wheatgrass; Bromus tectorum L.; cheatgrass; Elymus multisetus (J. G. smith) M. E. Jones; emergency rehabilitation; invasive weeds; Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) Love; restoration ID RESIDUE-SOIL SYSTEM; GREAT-BASIN; SEMIARID RANGELANDS; PERENNIAL GRASSES; SIMULTANEOUS HEAT; DOWNY BROME; WATER MODEL; RESTORATION; COMPETITION; GERMINATION AB Soil water availability is a primary determinant of successful plant establishment on western rangelands. Two major factors that determine water availability are seasonal and annual patterns of precipitation and the presence of competitive annual weeds. Seedbed microclimate and germination response models can be used to evaluate alternative management treatments and plant materials and to incorporate medium- and long-term weather forecasts into real-time management planning. To take full advantage of these tools it is necessary to separate short-term soil stabilization and longer-term biodiversity and restoration objectives. Emergency rehabilitation policies prioritize establishment of plants that will both stabilize the soil and compete successfully with invasive weeds. Weather forecast information and modeling may be more useful to longer term restoration planning where revegetation and weed control actions can be deferred to coincide with a favorable microclimatic forecast. C1 USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Hardegree, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM shardegr@nwrc.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PY 2004 VL 18 SU S BP 1213 EP 1215 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2004)018[1213:MCARPI]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 890RI UT WOS:000226528100008 ER PT J AU Bryson, CT Carter, R AF Bryson, CT Carter, R TI Biology of pathways for invasive weeds SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Invasive Plants in Natural and Managed Systems CY NOV, 2003 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL DE dispersal; ecology; invasive weeds; reproduction ID COTTON GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; NUTSEDGE CYPERUS-ROTUNDUS; IMPERATA-CYLINDRICA; PURPLE NUTSEDGE; UNITED-STATES; COGONGRASS; GERMINATION; ESCULENTUS; GROWTH; GRASS AB Biological processes and characteristics are important factors in the introduction, spread, and establishment of invasive weeds. These biological traits include reproduction, dispersal, phenology, physiology, protection from herbivores, tolerance to environmental extremes, and interspecific interactions. Measures and methods to prevent dispersal, establishment, and persistence of normative invasive weeds include knowledge of the most vulnerable growth stages, management strategies, maintenance of weed-free areas, and sanitation of vehicles, transportation equipment, animals, and other modes of dispersal. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Valdosta State Univ, Dept Biol, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA. RP Bryson, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM cbryson@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PY 2004 VL 18 SU S BP 1216 EP 1220 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2004)018[1216:BOPFIW]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 890RI UT WOS:000226528100009 ER PT J AU Peters, DPC Yao, J Havstad, KM AF Peters, DPC Yao, J Havstad, KM TI Insights to invasive species dynamics from desertification studies SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Invasive Plants in Natural and Managed Systems CY NOV, 2003 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL DE Chihuahuan Desert; conceptual model; landscape connectivity; landscape context ID GRASSLAND; DESERT AB The objective of this paper is to provide insights into exotic and native invasive species dynamics using a conceptual model developed from the long history of research on native woody plant invasion into perennial grasslands in the southwestern United States. We first describe our new conceptual model that focuses on landscape characteristics (spatial configuration and connectivity) interacting with environmental drivers and biotic processes across multiple scales. We then provide support for the model using a long-term data set from southern New Mexico. Our results show that both local and spatially contagious processes can be important in generating temporal and spatial variation in native grass cover. Upland grass basal cover was related to both local (soil texture, precipitation, grazing by cattle) and spatial processes (shrub seed dispersal). Lowland grass basal cover was related to local processes associated with plant available water as well as grazing by cattle. We discuss new insights that this model has to offer for understanding, predicting, and managing exotic invasive species dynamics. C1 USDA, ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Peters, DPC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM debpeter@nmsu.edu NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 9 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PY 2004 VL 18 SU S BP 1221 EP 1225 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2004)018[1221:ITISDF]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 890RI UT WOS:000226528100010 ER PT J AU Peters, DPC AF Peters, DPC TI Selection of models of invasive species dynamics SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Invasive Plants in Natural and Managed Systems CY NOV, 2003 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL DE nonspatial models; spatially explicit models; spatially implicit models ID SEMIARID GRASSLAND; PLANT SPREAD; ALIEN PLANT; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MANAGEMENT; SIMULATION; ECOLOGY; DESIGN AB Mathematical and process-based simulation models are powerful tools for synthesizing information about invasive species. However, there are a number of different types of models, ranging from simple to complex that can be selected for any given application. In this article, a model classification framework of three types of models is applied to studies of invasive species that allows the objective selection of a model type on the basis of its ability to capture key processes and dynamics, yet minimize the errors in prediction. Model selection is illustrated using a series of increasingly complex models. C1 USDA, ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Peters, DPC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM debpeter@nmsu.edu NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PY 2004 VL 18 SU S BP 1236 EP 1239 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2004)018[1236:SOMOIS]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 890RI UT WOS:000226528100013 ER PT J AU Bard, EC Sheley, RL Jacobsen, JS Borkowski, JJ AF Bard, EC Sheley, RL Jacobsen, JS Borkowski, JJ TI Using ecological theory to guide the implementation of augmentative restoration SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Invasive Plants in Natural and Managed Systems CY NOV, 2003 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL DE environmental heterogeneity; invasive weeds; native plant establishment; successional management ID INFESTED RANGELAND; SPOTTED KNAPWEED; DISTURBANCE; COMMUNITY; PRINCIPLES; REMOVAL AB Successful control of invasive plants can have unexpected effects on native plants and wildland systems. Therefore, it is important for managers of invasive species to be concerned with ecological mechanisms and processes like invasion resistance, environmental heterogeneity, and succession that direct plant community dynamics. Augmentative restoration is a management approach for restoring desired species on wildlands dominated by invasive plants, where functioning ecological processes are maintained by selectively augmenting only those processes that are not operating sufficiently. The study was conducted within the Mission Valley, Montana, in an area where meadow vole disturbance provided site availability for colonization. In a split-plot design with four replications, eight factorial treatment combinations from three factors (shallow tilling, watering, and seeding) were applied to whole plots, and 2,4-D was applied to subplots. Cover and density of seeded species, spotted knapweed, and sulfur cinquefoil were sampled in July 2002 and 2003 to produce pretreatment and posttreatment data. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze cover and density data using pretreatment data as a baseline covariate. Data indicated that in areas with adequate site availability due to meadow vole disturbance, seeding and watering without tilling were required to increase seeded species. Spotted knapweed and sulfur cinquefoil decreased in response to 2,4-D. These data provided evidence that augmentative restoration may improve our ability to establish desired species on invasive plant-dominated wildlands. C1 Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA, ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Montana State Univ, Coll Agr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Bard, EC (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM ebard@montana.edu NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PY 2004 VL 18 SU S BP 1246 EP 1249 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2004)018[1246:UETTGT]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 890RI UT WOS:000226528100015 ER PT J AU Knezevic, SZ Smith, D Kulm, R Doty, D Kinkaid, D Goodrich, M Stolcpart, R AF Knezevic, SZ Smith, D Kulm, R Doty, D Kinkaid, D Goodrich, M Stolcpart, R TI Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) control with herbicides: Single-year application SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Invasive Plants in Natural and Managed Systems CY NOV, 2003 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL DE integrated weed management; invasive species; noxious weeds ID MANAGEMENT AB The introduction and spread of exotic plant species is one of the most serious threats to biodiversity. It is estimated that over 40 million ha of U.S. land are already infested with invasive plants. Purple loosestrife is one such species that is currently invading wetlands and waterways in Midwestern states including 5,000 ha in Nebraska. Field studies were conducted in 2000 and 2001 at two locations in each year with the primary objective to evaluate performance of a single application of 16 herbicide treatments. A secondary objective was to document the impact of those herbicides on the total ground cover of local vegetation for two seasons after herbicide application. Evaluation at 10 wk after treatment showed that excellent season-long control (greater than or equal to90%) of purple loosestrife was achieved with glyphosate at 3.36 kg ae/ha; 2,4-D dimethylamine at 2.66 kg ae/ha; triclopyr at 2.1 kg ae/ha; imazapyr at 1.68 kg ae/ha; and with the two mixtures of 2,4-D plus triclopyr at 1.33 + 1.26 kg/ha and 2,4-D plus metsulfuron at 1.33 ae/ha + 0.042 kg ai/ha. Evaluation at 1 yr after treatment (YAT) showed excellent control (greater than or equal to90%), with imazapyr at 0.33, 0.66, 1.12, and 1.68 kg/ha and metsulfuron at 0.084 and 0.168 kg/ha. Evaluation at 2 YAT suggested that excellent control (greater than or equal to90%) was achieved with imazapyr at 1.12 and 1.68 kg/ha and metsulfuron at 0.084 and 0.168 kg/ha. High rates of imazapyr caused negative effects on the local vegetation, indicating that use of these rates should be limited. Results suggest that a single application of more than half of the tested herbicides did not provide satisfactory control of purple loosestrife that lasts more than two seasons. However, the selective herbicides integrated with other control methods (e.g., mechanical, biocontrol) may be a valuable strategy for longer term control. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of multiyear herbicide applications. C1 Univ Nebraska, Haskell Agr Lab, Concord, NE 68728 USA. Dixon Cty Noxious Weed Superintendent, Allen, NE 68710 USA. Univ Nebraska, Oneill, NE 68763 USA. USDA, Oneill, NE 68763 USA. Buffalo Cty Noxious Weed Superintendent, Kearney, NE 68847 USA. Brown Cty Noxious Weed Superintendent, Long Pine, NE 69213 USA. Rock Cty Noious Weed Superintendent, Basset, NE 68714 USA. RP Knezevic, SZ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Haskell Agr Lab, 57905 866th Rd, Concord, NE 68728 USA. EM sknezevic2@unl.edu NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PY 2004 VL 18 SU S BP 1255 EP 1260 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2004)018[1255:PLLSCW]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 890RI UT WOS:000226528100017 ER PT J AU Denslow, JS Hughes, RF AF Denslow, JS Hughes, RF TI Exotic plants as ecosystem dominants SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Invasive Plants in Natural and Managed Systems CY NOV, 2003 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL DE diversity; ecosystem effects; geographic range; mass effect ID SPECIES RICHNESS; DIVERSITY; INVASIBILITY; HYPOTHESIS; INVASIONS; DYNAMICS; HAWAII; FIRE AB Dominant species have long been appreciated for their role in determining ecosystem attributes such as vegetation structure, successional patterns, soil characteristics, hydrology, and productivity. Exotic species may reach such high densities that they become community dominants, and it is in this role that exotics pose the greatest threat to native ecosystems. Four commonly observed patterns related to species dominance and their implications for understanding exotic invasions are discussed: the importance of scale in relationships between dominance and diversity, the positive correlation between local abundance and geographic range, the effects of dominants on ecosystem processes, and the mass effect of seed production in determining dominance. Understanding determinants of dominance will help us to better understand community invasibility. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Denslow, JS (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 23 E Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM jdenslow@fs.fed.us NR 25 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PY 2004 VL 18 SU S BP 1283 EP 1287 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2004)018[1283:EPAED]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 890RI UT WOS:000226528100023 ER PT J AU Powell, MR AF Powell, MR TI Risk assessment for invasive plant species SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Invasive Plants in Natural and Managed Systems CY NOV, 2003 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL DE regulatory analysis; Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement AB Various domestic and international initiatives have elevated invasive species issues onto the policy agenda. In the invasive plants arena, risk assessment efforts have focused on classifying the invasive potential of nonindigenous plants. Currently, however, the field of risk assessment for invasive species is in an early stage of development, and there is a lack of broad scientific principles or reliable procedures for identifying the invasive potential of plants in new geographic ranges. Furthermore, identifying potential hazards may be just the first step in a more comprehensive risk assessment. At least for those regulatory decisions that may be disputed internationally or domestically, scientifically ambitious risk assessment for invasive plants is not optional. Therefore, there is a pressing need to formulate adaptable, biologically plausible methods and approaches in this emerging field that strike an appropriate balance between the demand for accuracy and precision in predicting risks and the constraints of limited information, time, and other resources. C1 USDA, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Powell, MR (reprint author), USDA, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, 1400 Independence Ave SW,Room 5248 SAG, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM mpowell@oce.usda.gov NR 9 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PY 2004 VL 18 SU S BP 1305 EP 1308 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2004)018[1305:RAFIPS]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 890RI UT WOS:000226528100027 ER PT J AU Renz, MJ Blank, RR AF Renz, MJ Blank, RR TI Influence of perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium) biology and plant-soil relationships on management and restoration SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Invasive Plants in Natural and Managed Systems CY NOV, 2003 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL DE amelioration; calcium; invasive; management; restoration; sodic soils; sodium adsorption ratio ID INVASIVE CRUCIFER; GERMINATION AB Perennial pepperweed is an invasive noxious weed spreading rapidly throughout a wide range of habitats in the western United States. Shoots form dense monotypic stands with high initial leaf area, dense inflorescences, and deep litter layers that inhibit the establishment of other plant species. Roots store large amounts of carbohydrates for future growth, establish deep into the soil, and are responsible for clonal expansion of populations. In sodic soils, increases in N, Mg, and Ca were observed in invaded compared with noninvaded areas. Several management methods are effective in controlling perennial pepperweed, but success is dependent on age and density of infestations. Knowledge of many factors, including perennial pepperweed's biology and specific characteristics of the infested area, will help in the development of the most appropriate, site-specific management and restoration plans. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Extens Plant Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Renz, MJ (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Extens Plant Sci, POB 30003,MSC 3AE, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM markrenz@nmsu.edu NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 14 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PY 2004 VL 18 SU S BP 1359 EP 1363 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2004)018[1359:IOPPLL]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 890RI UT WOS:000226528100038 ER PT J AU Dray, FA Bennett, BC Center, TD Wheeler, GS Madeira, PT AF Dray, FA Bennett, BC Center, TD Wheeler, GS Madeira, PT TI Genetic variation in Melleuca quinquenervia affects the biocontrol agent Oxyops vitiosa SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Invasive Plants in Natural and Managed Systems CY NOV, 2003 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL DE allozyme analysis; biological control; chemotype; herbivory; invasion history; insect-plant interactions ID ESSENTIAL OIL; POPULATION AB Melaleuca was first imported into the United States during 1886, and introduction records suggest that at least six sources have contributed to extant populations in Florida. Allozyme analyses found substantial genetic variation within and among populations, contributing to geographic structuring of melaleuca in southern Florida. The presence and distribution of two chemical phenotypes (chemotypes) contributed to this variation. Performance of the melaleuca snout beetle imported as a biological control agent differed dramatically in laboratory studies depending on which chemotype it was fed, with larval survivorship and growth substantially greater on an (E)-nerolidol chemotype. We are currently investigating whether these differences can be detected in the field. C1 USDA ARS, Invasive Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Dray, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invasive Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM fadray@saa.ars.usda.gov OI Bennett, Bradley/0000-0001-7358-536X NR 24 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PY 2004 VL 18 SU S BP 1400 EP 1402 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2004)018[1400:GVIMQA]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 890RI UT WOS:000226528100046 ER PT J AU Wiles, LJ AF Wiles, LJ TI Economics of weed management: Principles and practices SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Invasive Plants in Natural and Managed Systems CY NOV, 2003 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL DE decision analysis; economic analysis; economic threshold; risk; value of information ID CONTROL STRATEGIES; CONTROL DECISIONS; INFORMATION; THRESHOLDS; HADSS(TM); RETURNS; CROPS; MODEL; AIDS AB Weed scientists and invasive plant biologists must find cost-effective, ecologically based methods to manage undesirable plants. Economic analyses are needed for management, policy making, and setting research priorities. The fundamental economic principle for weed management is simple: act only if the benefits exceed the costs. Implementation of the principle is difficult, however, with the many and typically uncertain costs and benefits of management. The economic threshold is a well-known but not practical implementation of this fundamental economic principle. However, adoption of the threshold concept has spurred the development of decision models and use of methods of decision analysis. With these tools, scientists have quantified some risks of management and the value of information about the weed population in a field for management decisions or the value of specific information about weed. biology for identifying new management strategies. Meaningful analysis for economic weed management is currently limited by lack of understanding of weed population and spatial dynamics and problematic communication between weed scientists and agricultural economists. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, NPA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Wiles, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, NPA, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 320, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM lori.wiles@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PY 2004 VL 18 SU S BP 1403 EP 1407 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2004)018[1403:EOWMPA]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 890RI UT WOS:000226528100047 ER PT J AU Corbin, JD D'Antonio, CM AF Corbin, JD D'Antonio, CM TI Effects of exotic species on soil nitrogen cycling: Implications for restoration SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Invasive Plants in Natural and Managed Systems CY NOV, 2003 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL ID BIOLOGICAL INVASION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PLANT INVASION; MYRICA-FAYA; DYNAMICS; IMPACTS; HAWAII; PRODUCTIVITY; ECOSYSTEMS; MECHANISMS AB Ecosystem ecologists and restoration practitioners have become increasingly interested in the effects that invading species might have on soil processes. Invading species, particularly ones that differ from native species in traits that are likely to influence soil processes, may influence nitrogen cycling to such an extent that the legacy of the invasion persists long after invaders have been removed. We suggest that exotic species that are capable of altering soil nitrogen (N) pools, whether by augmenting ecosystem N through fixation of atmospheric N or by increasing rates of N losses, have the greatest capacity to interfere with restoration efforts. In contrast, cases where more subtle differences in tissue quality or quantity alter soil N fluxes but not total N pools may not exhibit a legacy long after removal of the exotic species. Given the challenges that invading species' effects on soils present to restoration efforts, it is important to develop predictions as to which invaders are likely to influence N dynamics after their removal and to develop techniques to minimize the influence of exotics on restored ecosystems. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, Exot Invas Weeds Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Corbin, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM corbin@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 31 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 6 U2 30 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PY 2004 VL 18 SU S BP 1464 EP 1467 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2004)018[1464:EOESOS]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 890RI UT WOS:000226528100059 ER PT J AU Haubensak, KA D'Antonio, CM Alexander, J AF Haubensak, KA D'Antonio, CM Alexander, J TI Effects of nitrogen-fixing shrubs in Washington and coastal California SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Invasive Plants in Natural and Managed Systems CY NOV, 2003 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL DE grassland; nitrogen fixation; restoration; shrub ID NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; N-15; ECOSYSTEMS; PLANTS AB Open grasslands in California and Washington are being invaded by two closely related European shrubs, French broom and Scotch broom, that are considered among the most invasive and damaging of wildland species in those habitats. In this study, we present evidence of their effects on soil nitrogen (N) and the implications for restoration. Using natural abundance N-15 signatures of leaves, we show that N fixation by brooms varies across sites and may depend on a suite of site-specific factors. Nonetheless, in sites in both California and Washington, we observe up to a twofold increase in soil N availability, as assayed in the laboratory. Across a range of sites, we determined that burning decreases total soil N by nearly 40%. We found burning to have the simultaneous effect of decreasing the broom seedbank by 68% after one burn. In a separate experiment, we removed broom and added sawdust to the soil to test whether a N-immobilization effect would help slower growing native perennial grasses in competition with European annual grasses. We found that although sawdust effectively decreased N availability after a 2-yr application period, we could not effectively target which group of species would benefit most. C1 USDA, ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Haubensak, KA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM karenah@unr.edu NR 14 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 6 U2 23 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PY 2004 VL 18 SU S BP 1475 EP 1479 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2004)018[1475:EONSIW]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 890RI UT WOS:000226528100062 ER PT J AU Hennessey, MK AF Hennessey, MK TI Quarantine pathway pest risk analysis at the APHIS Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Invasive Plants in Natural and Managed Systems CY NOV, 2003 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL DE introduction; outbreak; pest entry; spread AB Pathways are any means that lead to entry or spread of pests. Pathway risk analysis entails identifying pathways and assigning the probability of entry, spread, introduction, establishment, or outbreak of a pest through the various pathways, along with the consequences of their introduction. As an example, a schematic quantitative pathway analysis for the number of infested imported avocados entering susceptible areas of the United States annually is presented. C1 USDA, APHIS, PPQ,Plant Epidemiol & Risk Anal Lab, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Hennessey, MK (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ,Plant Epidemiol & Risk Anal Lab, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, 1730 Vars Dr,Suite 300, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM michael.k.hennessey@aphis.usda.gov NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PY 2004 VL 18 SU S BP 1484 EP 1485 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2004)018[1484:QPPRAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 890RI UT WOS:000226528100064 ER PT J AU Franks, SJ Pratt, PD Dray, FA Simms, EL AF Franks, SJ Pratt, PD Dray, FA Simms, EL TI Selection for resistance in invasive plants SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Invasive Plants in Natural and Managed Systems CY NOV, 2003 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL DE biological control; genetics; herbivory; natural enemies; Melaleuca quinquenervia MLAQU ID HERBIVORE RESISTANCE; EVOLUTION; HYPOTHESIS; BIOLOGY; GROWTH AB Although evolution has been neglected in invasive species work, evolutionary theory can be used to guide invasive species management, and research on exotic species can be used to test evolutionary theory. One substantial challenge in invasive plant management is the evolution of resistance to herbicides, biological control, and other treatments. We show how the tools of quantitative genetics and selection analysis can be used to investigate the potential for evolution of resistance, which can aid in the management of invasive plant populations. We also illustrate how invasive species research can be used to test theory, such as the evolution of increased competitive ability hypothesis. We outline the methods to investigate this theory and recommend including evolutionary considerations in invasive species management. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA, ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Franks, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sfranks@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PY 2004 VL 18 SU S BP 1486 EP 1489 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2004)018[1486:SFRIIP]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 890RI UT WOS:000226528100065 ER PT J AU Dudley, TL DeLoach, CJ AF Dudley, TL DeLoach, CJ TI Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.), endangered species, and biological weed control - Can they Mix? SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Invasive Plants in Natural and Managed Systems CY NOV, 2003 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL DE biodiversity; ecological restoration; ecosystem management; riparian habitat ID MIDDLE RIO-GRANDE; EXOTIC RIPARIAN VEGETATION; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CENTRAL NEW-MEXICO; COLORADO RIVER; MOJAVE DESERT; CONSERVATION; BIRDS; USA; COMMUNITIES AB Saltcedar invasion has many economic and environmental effects, including displacement of native riparian vegetation and associated wildlife. A biological control program led to the approval in 1994 of two insects for introduction but was delayed by the presence of the endangered southwestern willow flycatcher (SWWF) in saltcedar. In 2001, the saltcedar leaf beetle was released in six states but not where the SWWF was present. Delays circumvent the benefits that saltcedar suppression could have for other declining species, including many rare or absent in ecosystems dominated by saltcedar. Numerous birds forage within saltcedar vegetation but in lower numbers and diversity than in native stands that provide better habitat and insect resources. Successful establishment by saltcedar leaf beetle resulted in extensive saltcedar defoliation, and observations of wildlife feeding on the beetles in an otherwise depauperate system suggest that biocontrol may enhance habitat quality for many species, including the SWWF Consideration of the multiple species affected by saltcedar would have allowed more effective invasive plant management in this case, but delays also reflect drawbacks in federal administrative structures related to invasive species management in,natural areas' as much as problems with a narrow focus on a single species. A functionally integrated approach where research and management decisions are made cooperatively would allow more rational management of invasive species in wildland ecosystems. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resource & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Dudley, TL (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resource & Environm Sci, MS 186, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM tdudley@cabnr.unr.edu NR 94 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 32 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X EI 1550-2740 J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PY 2004 VL 18 SU S BP 1542 EP 1551 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2004)018[1542:STSESA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 890RI UT WOS:000226528100076 ER PT J AU D'Antonio, CM Thomsen, M AF D'Antonio, CM Thomsen, M TI Ecological resistance in theory and practice SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Invasive Plants in Natural and Managed Systems CY NOV, 2003 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL DE biotic resistance; community invasibility; ecological restoration; weed control ID SUCCULENT CARPOBROTUS-EDULIS; PLANT DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PINE SAVANNAS; INVASION; INVASIBILITY; BIODIVERSITY; DISTURBANCE; MANAGEMENT; GRASSLAND AB Ecological resistance refers to the biotic and abiotic factors in a recipient ecosystem that limit the population growth of an invading species. Although there is interest in applying this concept to the management and restoration of habitats influenced by damaging, invasive species, practical difficulties in restoring resistance have inhibited its broad-scale incorporation. Also, some ecologists have argued that resistance is unimportant in generating landscape pattern casting doubt on its potential usefulness in large-scale management. In this study, we argue that despite temporal and spatial fluctuations in resistance being the norm, the concept provides a valuable foundation for a more sustainable approach to long-term weed management. This goal should be achievable through identification and manipulation of successional processes in natural communities. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Reno, NV 89511 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP D'Antonio, CM (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89511 USA. EM dantonio@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 62 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 19 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PY 2004 VL 18 SU S BP 1572 EP 1577 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2004)018[1572:ERITAP]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 890RI UT WOS:000226528100081 ER PT J AU Schuster, EG Krebs, MA AF Schuster, EG Krebs, MA TI A sensitivity analysis of the National Fire Management Analysis System SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE NFMAS; strategic fire planning; sensitivity analysis AB A sensitivity analysis was conducted of the National Fire Management Analysis System (NFMAS) to better understand the relationship between data input and model outcomes, as reflected by changes in C+NVC and MEL program options. Five input variables were selected for sensitization: Unit Mission Costs, Average Acre Costs, Net Value Change, Production Rates, and Escaped Fire Limits. A stratified random sample of 32 national forests was selected, according to the distribution of nationalforests within Forest Service regions and fire frequency classes, on the basis of historical fire data. NFMAS database tables were obtained and manipulated, with each variable increased and decreased at six levels (+/-25, +/-50, and 100%). Results indicated that Production Rates was always the most influential variable, Unit Mission Costs was always least influential, and the influence of the other variables depends on the choice of model outcome. In general, greater sensitivity changes resulted in greater changes in model outcome, but no consistent pattern of influence could be found regarding program option. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Schuster, EG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM eschuster@fs.fed.us NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 5 EP 12 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 763VK UT WOS:000188121000001 ER PT J AU Hesseln, H Loomis, JB Gonzalez-Caban, A AF Hesseln, H Loomis, JB Gonzalez-Caban, A TI The effects of fire on recreation demand in Montana SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE recreation demand; travel cost method; wildfire; prescribed fire ID FOREST RECREATION AB Wildfire and prescribed fire have the potential to affect user demand and value for recreation, making such information important to the decision-making process for fire managers. However, such information is not always readily available. We conducted surveys on 22 sites within four national forests in western Montana to determine fire effects on recreation demand for hiking and biking, and net economic benefits to visitors. Net value per trip for hikers was $37. There was no statistical difference for consumer surplus between hiking and biking. Although there were differences in existing visitation between hikers and bikers, there were no statistical differences between the two groups as a result of fire effects. We found that hikers' demand decreased slightly in areas recovering from crown fire and increased in areas recovering from prescribed fire. Bikers' response to both types of fire was the opposite of hikers; for example, bikers showed a slight decrease in annual trips as areas recovered from prescribed fire. Individual value per trip was unaffected by both wild and prescribed fire for both activity groups. Although our recreation demand shifts in response to fire were statistically significant, the magnitude of the predicted changes in demand were not substantial from a managerial perspective suggesting that recreation users in Montana are not affected by fire characteristics resulting from prescribed burns or crown fires. Demand, however, decreased by both user groups as area burned increased and the amount of burn viewed from trails increased, suggesting that the size and extent of burns do affect visitation. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Agr Econ, Saskatoon, SK 57N 5A8, Canada. Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, PSW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Hesseln, H (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Agr Econ, Saskatoon, SK 57N 5A8, Canada. EM h.hesseln@usask.ca NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 763VK UT WOS:000188121000006 ER PT J AU Curtis, RO Marshall, DD AF Curtis, RO Marshall, DD TI Douglas-fir growth and yield: Research 1909-1960 SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Pseudotsuga menziesii; growth; yield table; site index AB Systematic research on growth and yield of Douglas-fir began in 1909. This line of early research evolved over time and culminated in publication of USDA Bulletin 201, The Yield of Douglas-fir in the Pacific Northwest. B201 had an enormous influence on development of Douglas-fir forestry and was arguably the most influential single research publication ever produced in the Pacific Northwest. We review the evolution of this research and some associated topics, and the role of the major personalities involved. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Curtis, RO (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 3625-93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM rcurtis@fs.fed.us NR 23 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 66 EP 68 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 763VK UT WOS:000188121000009 ER PT J AU Cook, JG Johnson, BK Cook, RC Riggs, RA Delcurto, T Bryant, LD Irwin, LL AF Cook, JG Johnson, BK Cook, RC Riggs, RA Delcurto, T Bryant, LD Irwin, LL TI Effects of summer-autumn nutrition and parturition date on reproduction and survival of elk SO WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE cerous elaphus; digestible energy; dry-matter intake; elk; gestation; growth; habitat; lactation; nutrition; nutritional condition; oregon; population dynamics; pregnancy; reproduction; survival ID WAPITI CERVUS-ELAPHUS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; MOOSE ALCES-ALCES; FARMED RED DEER; MULE DEER; BIRTH-WEIGHT; CARRYING-CAPACITY; BODY CONDITION; CONCEPTION DATES; FEMALE CARIBOU AB Recent declines in numbers and juvenile recruitment in many elk (Cervus elaphus) herds in the western U.S. has sparked interest in factors that may cause these declines. Inadequate nutrition or delayed parturition, the latter of which may be caused by inadequate numbers of mature bulls (i.e., highly skewed sex ratios), may have separate or synergistic effects on population dynamics and productivity. We evaluated the implications of late parturition and summer-autumn nutrition on reproduction and survival of Rocky Mountain elk (C. e. nelsons) using a captive herd of 57 cow elk. We induced early (Sep) and late breeding (Oct) and 3 levels of-summer-autumn nutrition on the cows. Food was offered ad libitum at 3 levels of digestible energy (DE): high = 2.9-3.0 kcal of DE/g of diets, medium = 2.6-3.0 kcal/g, and low = 2.3-3.0 kcal/g. Within these ranges, DE content was gradually reduced from late June through early November to mimic seasonal changes in the wild. During summer and autumn, we measured calf growth; body mass, nutritional condition, and breeding dynamics of cows; and growth and pregnancy of yearlings. We also measured carry-over (i.e., time-lag) responses including over-winter calf and cow survival and parturition date and birth mass, as functions of previous summer-autumn nutrition and previous parturition date. Between autumn 1995 and spring 1998, we conducted 2 years of parturition-date, summer-autumn nutrition experiments, 2 winters of calf survival experiments, and 1 winter of cow survival experiments. Early birth provided calves with more time to grow before onset of winter. This "head-start" advantage was maintained through late autumn, but its magnitude was diluted in some instances due to faster growth of some late-born calves. Body mass, body fat, and timing and probability of conception by cows in autumn were little influenced by parturition date the previous spring. Summer-autumn nutrition significantly affected calves and their mothers. Growth of calves in tare low and medium nutrition groups ceased by mid-September and late October. By December, calves in the high nutrition group were 40% and 70% heavier than calves in the medium and low groups, respectively. Cows in the high nutrition group accumulated about 75% and 300% more fat than cows in the medium and low groups by mid-October. Eighty percent of cows in the low nutrition group failed to conceive, and those in the medium group bred 10-14 days later than cows in the high group. Summer-autumn nutrition of calves influenced their probability of becoming pregnant as yearlings. Probability of pregnancy approached 100% for those yearlings that had high summer-autumn nutrition as calves and yearlings, despite near starvation their first winter of life. Winter survival of calves was related to their size at the onset of winter. Smaller calves lost more body mass daily than did large calves, and thus they survived fewer days through winter. Summer-autumn nutrition largely determined calf body size at the start of winter and, consequently, determined the proportion of winter survived. Survival of cows over winter was as related to body fat at the onset of winter as it was to nutrition during winter. Carry-over effects of summer-autumn nutrition and parturition date on birth characteristics the following spring were minor. We detected no significant carry-over effect of summer-autumn nutrition or autumn condition on birth mass, although reduced condition in autumn delayed subsequent parturition date. Extent of body fat depletion in cows during the winter-survival experiments in 1998 accounted for 45% of the variation in parturition date. Ninety percent depletion delayed parturition an average of 34 days. Delayed parturition, of a magnitude expected due to highly skewed sex ratios (less than or equal to3 weeks under extreme conditions), probably has only a weak influence on vital rates of free-ranging elk. In contrast, fat accretion and probability of pregnancy of cows, and growth and overwinter survival of calves, were sensitive to small (10-20%) differences in DE content of food. Digestible energy levels of our 2 lower nutrition levels reflect DE ranges reported for large ungulate herds during summer and autumn in western North America. Thus, our data suggest that limiting effects of summer-autumn nutrition on populations may be greater than often assumed, perhaps greater than those during winter in some ecosystems, and consequently indicate a need for greater understanding of nutrition's influence on population dynamics and how this influence varies across space and time. To enhance future research, we present animal- and vegetation-based guidelines for evaluating nutritional influences on elk populations. C1 Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. Boise Cascade Corp, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Union, OR 97883 USA. Pacific NW Forest & Range Expt Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, Stevensville, MT 59870 USA. RP Cook, JG (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 14th & Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 128 TC 136 Z9 139 U1 12 U2 98 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0084-0173 EI 1938-5455 J9 WILDLIFE MONOGR JI Wildl. Monogr. PD JAN PY 2004 IS 155 BP 1 EP 61 PG 61 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 765AA UT WOS:000188243200001 ER EF