FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Thompson, TA Thorn, RG Smith, KT AF Thompson, Therese A. Thorn, R. Greg Smith, Kevin T. TI Hypholoma lateritium isolated from coarse woody debris, the forest floor, and mineral soil in a deciduous forest in New Hampshire SO BOTANY-BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE Hypholoma sublateritium; DNA fingerprinting; nutrient recycling; coarse woody debris; DAPI ID MYCELIAL CORD SYSTEMS; RED SPRUCE; BASIDIOMYCETE MYCELIA; FUNGAL COMMUNITIES; RIBOSOMAL DNA; TRANSLOCATION; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL; DECOMPOSITION; DECAY; P-32 AB Fungi in the Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota) are the primary decomposers in temperate forests of dead wood on and in the forest soil. Through the use of isolation techniques selective for saprotrophic Agaricomycetes, a variety of wood decay fungi were isolated from a northern hardwood stand in the Bartlett Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA. In particular, Hypholoma lateritium (Schaeff.: Fr.) P. Kumm. was isolated from basidiocarps, decaying Acer rubrum L. logs, the Oe organic soil horizon, and the E and BC mineral soil horizons. Identification was confirmed by sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. All isolates had identical sequences in this region to previously published sequences for the species; some were monokaryotic and simple-septate and others were dikaryotic, with clamp connections. Isolates were further characterized by banding patterns (DNA fingerprints) produced with PCR primers based in simple repetitive sequences and the minisatellite M13. Nine dikaryotic isolates from basidiocarps and from soil horizons Oe, E, and BC had identical fingerprint patterns with all primers tested. The confirmed presence of H. lateritium suggests that this fungus could form a mycelial translocation network that bridges mineral and organic soil horizons and decaying logs. C1 [Thorn, R. Greg] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Smith, Kevin T.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Thompson, Therese A.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Plant Biol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Thompson, TA (reprint author), Mt Ida Coll, 777 Dedham St, Newton, MA 02459 USA. EM tathompson@mountida.edu RI Thorn, R Greg/I-3398-2012 NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1916-2790 J9 BOTANY JI Botany PD JUN PY 2012 VL 90 IS 6 BP 457 EP 464 DI 10.1139/B2012-011 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 955EC UT WOS:000304998900006 ER PT J AU Bruckart, WL Eskandari, FM Berner, DK Aime, MC AF Bruckart, W. L., III Eskandari, F. M. Berner, D. K. Aime, M. C. TI Comparison of Puccinia acroptili from Eurasia and the USA SO BOTANY-BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE Asteraceae; biological control; plant pathogen; Pucciniales; Uredinales; weeds ID SPECIES ATTACKING CARDUEAE; RUSSIAN KNAPWEED; NORTH-AMERICA; P-ACROPTILI; CARTHAMI; JACEAE; CENTAUREAE; DIFFUSA AB A rust disease caused by Puccinia acroptili P. Syd. & Syd. occurs throughout the range of Russian knapweed (Rhaponticum (syn. Acroptilon) repens), including North America. Differences in teliospore dimensions had been observed previously, but not quantified, between a specimen of P. acroptili from Turkey and one from the United States of America (USA). Similar differences were found during a recent evaluation of P. acroptili for biological control of R. repens in the USA; e. g., teliospores from eight USA isolates were 2.4 mu m shorter (P = 0.05) than four isolates from Eurasia (two from Turkey, and one each from Russia and Kazakhstan). This inspired the generation of additional biological and DNA sequence data to clarify the significance of these differences between USA and Eurasian isolates. Although the USA isolates were found to have shorter teliospores, as noted in the description by Savile, teliospores of the USA isolates were also significantly wider in diameter than isolates from Eurasia; the latter in contrast to Savile's observation. Biologically, the isolates were the same; all were equally aggressive in causing disease under common greenhouse test conditions, and fertile crosses occurred between isolates regardless of source. DNA sequence analyses of the nuclear rDNA large subunit and internal transcribed spacer regions supported the notion that P. acroptili is a single species, but it also revealed that small levels of variation may exist within the species. For these reasons, it has been concluded that USA and Eurasian accessions can be considered a single species, i.e., P. acroptili. Also, Savile's observation about differences in spore dimensions is substantiated. C1 [Bruckart, W. L., III; Eskandari, F. M.; Berner, D. K.] ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Aime, M. C.] ARS, USDA, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bruckart, WL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM william.bruckart@ars.usda.gov FU USDA; Animal and Plant Health Inspection Serivce; Louisiana Board of Regents FX The authors thank Jami Michael and Michael McMahon for DNA extractions and molecular characterizations at the Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit (FDWSRU), William Schneider (USDA, ARS, FDWSRU) for advice on DNA sequence analysis, D. C. Sands (Montana State University, Bozeman, Mont., USA) for the isolate from Russia (Kazakhstan), M. C. Becktell and D. Bean (Mesa State College, Grand Junction, and Colorado Dept. Agr., Palisade, Colo., respectively) and Jeff Littlefield (Montana State University, Bozeman) for USA isolates, and the curator of BPI for loan of New Mexican herbarium specimens. Seeds of Russian knapweed were supplied by George Beck (Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colo., USA). Appreciation is given to help from Hye-young Yun (USDA, ARS, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, Beltsville, Md., USA) for translation of the Wei and Wang (1986) paper. Support for the phylogenetic study was provided to M. C. A. by a USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Serivce cooperative agreement and the Louisiana Board of Regents. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1916-2790 J9 BOTANY JI Botany PD JUN PY 2012 VL 90 IS 6 BP 465 EP 471 DI 10.1139/B2012-020 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 955EC UT WOS:000304998900007 ER PT J AU Guo, ZL Zobeck, TM Stout, JE Zhang, KL AF Guo, Zhongling Zobeck, Ted M. Stout, John E. Zhang, Keli TI The effect of wind averaging time on wind erosivity estimation SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE wind speed; wind averaging time; wind erosivity; Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS); Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) ID EROSION PREDICTION SYSTEM; DIURNAL PATTERNS; SPEED; WEPS; VALIDATION; TRANSPORT; MODEL; FIELD; RWEQ; SAND AB The Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) and Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) are widely used for estimating wind-induced soil erosion at a field scale. Wind is the principal erosion driver in the two models. Wind erosivity, which describes the capacity of wind to cause soil erosion, is defined as erosive wind power density (WPD) in WEPS, and wind value (W) in RWEQ. In this study, the daily average WPD (AWPD) and the daily average W (Wf) were chosen to investigate the effect of averaging time on wind erosivity estimation based on observed wind data. We compare the daily AWPD and Wf calculated from 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 minute average wind speed data. The results of comparisons indicate that averaging wind speed can significantly influence estimates of wind erosivity. Compared with the daily AWPD and Wf calculated from one minute average wind speed data, all daily AWPD and Wf values calculated from 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 minute averaged wind speeds tend to be significantly lower than values calculated from one minute values. In general, longer averaging times tend to produce smaller values of daily AWPD or Wf, which may lead to an under-estimation of wind erosion. Further studies are needed to extend and apply the findings obtained in this study to actual wind erosion predictions. Copyright (C) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Guo, Zhongling; Zhang, Keli] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Zobeck, Ted M.; Stout, John E.] USDA ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Zhang, KL (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Xinjiekouwai St 19, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM keli@bnu.edu.cn FU National Basic Research Program of China [2011CB403304]; Forestry Scientific Research Project [200804020]; Chinese State Forestry Administration FX This research was funded by National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB403304) and the Forestry Scientific Research Project (200804020) supported by the Chinese State Forestry Administration. The authors would like to thank James R. Golden and Joseph C. Sanders for helping to collect the field data used in this paper. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 37 IS 7 BP 797 EP 802 DI 10.1002/esp.3222 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 952VO UT WOS:000304821800009 ER PT J AU McCollum, AM Blanton, JD Holman, RC Callinan, LS Baty, S Phillips, R Callahan, M Levy, C Komatsu, K Sunenshine, R Bergman, DL Rupprecht, CE AF McCollum, Andrea M. Blanton, Jesse D. Holman, Robert C. Callinan, Laura S. Baty, Steven Phillips, Randy Callahan, Michael Levy, Craig Komatsu, Ken Sunenshine, Rebecca Bergman, David L. Rupprecht, Charles E. TI Community Survey after Rabies Outbreaks, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC VETERINARY-MEDICINE; POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; UNITED-STATES; SKUNKS; SURVEILLANCE; WILDLIFE; VACCINE; HEALTH AB Flagstaff, Arizona, USA, experienced notable outbreaks of rabies caused by a bat rabies virus variant in carnivore species in 2001, 2004, 2005, 2008, and 2009. The most recent epizootic involved transmission among skunk and fox populations and human exposures. Multiple, wide-ranging control efforts and health communications outreach were instituted in 2009, including a household survey given to community members. Although the Flagstaff community is knowledgeable about rabies and the ongoing outbreaks in general, gaps in knowledge about routes of exposure and potential hosts remain. Future educational efforts should include messages on the dangers of animal translocation and a focus on veterinarians and physicians as valuable sources for outreach. These results will be useful to communities experiencing rabies outbreaks as well as those at current risk. C1 [McCollum, Andrea M.; Blanton, Jesse D.; Holman, Robert C.; Callinan, Laura S.; Baty, Steven; Sunenshine, Rebecca; Rupprecht, Charles E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Baty, Steven; Levy, Craig; Komatsu, Ken] Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. [Phillips, Randy; Callahan, Michael] Coconino Cty Publ Hlth Serv Dist, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Bergman, David L.] USDA, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP McCollum, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM amccollum@cdc.gov RI Bergman, David/C-6874-2015 OI Bergman, David/0000-0002-6757-643X FU US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services; CDC FX We thank the community of Flagstaff, Arizona, for participation in this survey. We greatly appreciate the support of this activity by the US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services.; Financial support was provided by CDC. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2012 VL 18 IS 6 BP 932 EP 938 DI 10.3201/eid1806.111172 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 951UO UT WOS:000304745700005 PM 22607999 ER PT J AU Fischer, AP Charnley, S AF Fischer, A. Paige Charnley, Susan TI Risk and Cooperation: Managing Hazardous Fuel in Mixed Ownership Landscapes SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Wildfire risk perception; Cooperation; Landscape management; Nonindustrial private forest owners; Multi-method design; Logistic regression; Qualitative analysis; Social exchange ID CROSS-BOUNDARY COOPERATION; WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; SOCIAL-EXCHANGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOREST OWNERS; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; UNITED-STATES; WILDFIRE; OREGON; PERSPECTIVES AB Managing natural processes at the landscape scale to promote forest health is important, especially in the case of wildfire, where the ability of a landowner to protect his or her individual parcel is constrained by conditions on neighboring ownerships. However, management at a landscape scale is also challenging because it requires cooperation on plans and actions that cross ownership boundaries. Cooperation depends on people's beliefs and norms about reciprocity and perceptions of the risks and benefits of interacting with others. Using logistic regression tests on mail survey data and qualitative analysis of interviews with landowners, we examined the relationship between perceived wildfire risk and cooperation in the management of hazardous fuel by nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) owners in fire-prone landscapes of eastern Oregon. We found that NIPF owners who perceived a risk of wildfire to their properties, and perceived that conditions on nearby public forestlands contributed to this risk, were more likely to have cooperated with public agencies in the past to reduce fire risk than owners who did not perceive a risk of wildfire to their properties. Wildfire risk perception was not associated with past cooperation among NIPF owners. The greater social barriers to private-private cooperation than to private-public cooperation, and perceptions of more hazardous conditions on public compared with private forestlands may explain this difference. Owners expressed a strong willingness to cooperate with others in future cross-boundary efforts to reduce fire risk, however. We explore barriers to cooperative forest management across ownerships, and identify models of cooperation that hold potential for future collective action to reduce wildfire risk. C1 [Fischer, A. Paige] US Forest Serv, Western Wildland Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Charnley, Susan] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Fischer, AP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Western Wildland Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM paigefischer@fs.fed.us FU National Fire Plan; Oregon State University; Oregon Department of Forestry FX We sincerely thank the respondents for taking time to participate in the interviews and surveys. P. Cunningham conducted a statistical review of the paper and provided helpful statistical advice. Geographic Information System and statistical assistance was provided by K. Olsen and C. Olsen, respectively. We are grateful to T. Gamache and others at Oregon Department of Forestry for administering and managing the data associated with the survey. Oregon State University and the Oregon Department of Forestry helped support and administer the research, and John Bliss and Gary Lettman deserve special thanks. Funding for this research was provided in part by the National Fire Plan. NR 64 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1192 EP 1207 DI 10.1007/s00267-012-9848-z PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 950BF UT WOS:000304623200008 PM 22525987 ER PT J AU Ment, D Churchill, ACL Gindin, G Belausov, E Glazer, I Rehner, SA Rot, A Donzelli, BGG Samish, M AF Ment, Dana Churchill, Alice C. L. Gindin, Galina Belausov, Eduard Glazer, Itamar Rehner, Stephen A. Rot, Asael Donzelli, Bruno G. G. Samish, Michael TI Resistant ticks inhibit Metarhizium infection prior to haemocoel invasion by reducing fungal viability on the cuticle surface SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RHIPICEPHALUS BOOPHILUS MICROPLUS; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; GALLERIA-MELLONELLA; CALLIPHORA-VICINA; SCANNING ELECTRON; DENDROLIMUS-PINI; FATTY-ACIDS; ANISOPLIAE AB We studied disease progression of, and host responses to, four species in the Metarhizium anisopliae complex expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). We compared development and determined their relative levels of virulence against two susceptible arthropods, the cattle tick Rhipicephalus annulatus and the lepidopteran Galleria mellonella, and two resistant ticks, Hyalomma excavatum and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Metarhizium brunneum Ma7 caused the greatest mortality of R. annulatus, Metarhizium robertsii ARSEF 2575 and Metarhizium pingshaense PPRC51 exhibited intermediate levels of virulence, and Metarhizium majus PPRC27 caused low mortality of cattle ticks. Conidia of all four species germinated on all hosts examined, but on resistant hosts, sustained hyphal growth was inhibited and GFP emission steadily and significantly decreased over time, suggesting a loss of fungal viability. Cuticle penetration was observed only for the three most virulent species infecting susceptible hosts. Cuticles of resistant and susceptible engorged female ticks showed significant increases in red autofluorescence at sites immediately under fungal hyphae. This is the first report (i) of tick mortality occurring after cuticle penetration but prior to haemocoel colonization and (ii) that resistant ticks do not support development of Metarhizium germlings on the outer surface of the cuticle. Whether reduced Metarhizium viability on resistant tick cuticles is due to antibiosis or limited nutrient availability is unknown. C1 [Ment, Dana; Gindin, Galina; Belausov, Eduard; Glazer, Itamar; Samish, Michael] ARO, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Ment, Dana] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Robert H Smith Fac Agr Food & Environm Qual Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Churchill, Alice C. L.; Donzelli, Bruno G. G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Rehner, Stephen A.] ARS, USDA, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Rot, Asael] ARO, Kimron Vet Inst, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Ment, D (reprint author), ARO, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM danam@agri.gov.il FU United States-Israel Binational Agriculture Research and Development fund [IS-4106-08R]; National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2005-35607-15283] FX This work was supported by the United States-Israel Binational Agriculture Research and Development fund, Project No. IS-4106-08R, and, in part, by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Grant No. 2005-35607-15283. NR 58 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1570 EP 1583 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02747.x PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 953KQ UT WOS:000304866600018 PM 22507442 ER PT J AU Moyle, LC Levine, M Stanton, ML Wright, JW AF Moyle, Leonie C. Levine, Mia Stanton, Maureen L. Wright, Jessica W. TI Hybrid Sterility over Tens of Meters Between Ecotypes Adapted to Serpentine and Non-Serpentine Soils SO EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Adaptation; Collinsia sparsiflora; Natural selection; Fertility; Postzygotic barriers; Soil chemistry; Sympatry; Speciation ID LOCAL ADAPTATION; COLLINSIA-SPARSIFLORA; MIMULUS-GUTTATUS; SPECIATION; EVOLUTION; POPULATIONS; DROSOPHILA; FITNESS; GENE AB The development of hybrid sterility is an important step in the process of speciation, however the role of adaptive evolution in triggering these postzygotic barriers is poorly understood. We show that, in the California endemic plant Collinsia sparsiflora, ecotypic adaptation to two distinct soil types is associated with the expression of intrinsic F-1 hybrid sterility between ecotypes, over spatial scales of less than 1 km. First, we show that hybrids between soil-adapted ecotypes are less fertile than hybrids within soil ecotypes. Second, we show that between-ecotype postzygotic incompatibility is insensitive to soil growth environment, and can therefore operate under conditions relevant to both ecotypes in the wild. Third, we confirm there is little genetic differentiation between ecotypes using molecular markers, indicating that these postzygotic barriers are recently evolved. Finally, we explore specific soil attributes that might be the source of selective differentiation that confers hybrid sterility. Our results indicate that hybrid barriers are developing in response to strong adaptive differentiation between adjacent and very recently diverged lineages, despite likely ongoing gene exchange. C1 [Moyle, Leonie C.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Levine, Mia] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Basic Sci, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Stanton, Maureen L.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wright, Jessica W.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Moyle, LC (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM lmoyle@indiana.edu; mlevine@fhcrc.org; mlstanton@ucdavis.edu; jessicawwright@fs.fed.us FU David and Lucille Packard Foundation; Andrew W. Mellon Foundations; U.C. Davis Bridge Funds; U.C. Davis Center for Population Biology; USDA- Forest Service; Pacific Southwest Research Station- Institute of Forest Genetics; Indiana University Department of Biology FX The authors would like to thank O. Ervin for greenhouse assistance, and M. Hahn and L. Rieseberg for comments on earlier manuscript drafts. S. Kalisz was instrumental in the development of the microsatellite markers. This research was supported by grants from the David and Lucille Packard Foundation, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundations, U.C. Davis Bridge Funds, the U.C. Davis Center for Population Biology, the USDA- Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station- Institute of Forest Genetics, and the Indiana University Department of Biology. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0071-3260 J9 EVOL BIOL JI Evol. Biol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 39 IS 2 BP 207 EP 218 DI 10.1007/s11692-012-9180-9 PG 12 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 950OQ UT WOS:000304659000006 ER PT J AU Abella, SR Hurja, JC Merkler, DJ Denton, CW Brewer, DG AF Abella, Scott R. Hurja, James C. Merkler, Douglas J. Denton, Charles W. Brewer, David G. TI Overstory-Understory Relationships along Forest Type and Environmental Gradients in the Spring Mountains of Southern Nevada, USA SO FOLIA GEOBOTANICA LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Fire; Management; Soil; Species distribution; Tree replacement ID TOPOGRAPHIC VARIABLES; JUNIPER WOODLANDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NATIONAL-PARK; FIRE; ARIZONA; MANAGEMENT; GROWTH; PINE AB Isolated forested mountains in deserts have numerous ecological and societal values, but land-management practices (e.g., fire-regime alteration) and climate change can affect forest composition. We analyzed tree overstory-understory relationships on 123 sites in the Spring Mountains within the Mojave Desert near Las Vegas, Nevada, USA to assess three hypotheses. We hypothesized that: the tree species comprising understories are less tolerant of fire than species in overstories, reflecting land-management practices of fire exclusion; mid-elevation forests have the lowest overstory:understory similarity because this zone could have maximum species mixing; and overstory:understory similarity is correlated with environmental gradients (consisting of 14 topographic and soil variables). We found that Pinus monophylla comprised greater relative canopy cover in understories of juniper (32% relative cover) and pinyon-juniper (78%) forests than it did in overstories of these forests (0% and 53%). Similarly, fire-intolerant Abies concolor had 6-fold greater understory than overstory cover in forests with overstories dominated by the fire-tolerant Pinus ponderosa. Overstory:understory Sorensen similarity averaged 43%-77% among six forest types, and there was little support for the supposition that similarity was lowest in mid-elevation forests. Distributions of individual overstory and understory species more closely corresponded with environmental gradients than did overstory:understory similarity. Results suggest that there is high potential for change in at least two of the six dominant forest types of the Spring Mountains. The direction of change (species of moist, higher elevation sites establishing in understories of drier forests) is the opposite of what would be expected for forest adaptation to the warmer, drier, more fire-prone conditions projected for the next century in the southwestern USA. C1 [Abella, Scott R.] Univ Nevada, Sch Environm & Publ Affairs, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Hurja, James C.] US Forest Serv, Humboldt Toiyabe Natl Forest, Las Vegas, NV 89130 USA. [Merkler, Douglas J.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Las Vegas, NV 89120 USA. [Denton, Charles W.; Brewer, David G.] No Arizona Univ, Ecol Restorat Inst, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Abella, SR (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Sch Environm & Publ Affairs, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM scott.abella@unlv.edu FU Ecological Restoration Institute at Northern Arizona University FX Data were provided for analysis by the U.S. Forest Service. Sharon Altman (University of Nevada Las Vegas) formatted Figs. 2, 3 and 4 and Milind Bunyan and Sharon Altman created Fig. 1. Wally Covington and the Ecological Restoration Institute at Northern Arizona University funded the analysis and writing. Associate Editor Laco Mucina and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1211-9520 J9 FOLIA GEOBOT JI Folia Geobot. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 47 IS 2 BP 119 EP 134 DI 10.1007/s12224-011-9108-7 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 951EB UT WOS:000304702500001 ER PT J AU Loneragan, GH Thomson, DU McCarthy, RM Webb, HE Daniels, AE Edrington, TS Nisbet, DJ Trojan, SJ Rankin, SC Brashears, MM AF Loneragan, Guy H. Thomson, Daniel U. McCarthy, Rebecca M. Webb, Hattie E. Daniels, Angela E. Edrington, Thomas S. Nisbet, David J. Trojan, Sara J. Rankin, Shelly C. Brashears, Mindy M. TI Salmonella Diversity and Burden in Cows on and Culled from Dairy Farms in the Texas High Plains SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ENTERICA SEROTYPE NEWPORT; UNITED-STATES; GROUND-BEEF; ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; RESISTANT; CATTLE; TYPHIMURIUM; INFECTIONS; OUTBREAK; ILLNESS AB The objective of this study was to characterize the epidemiology of Salmonella carried by dairy cows culled from herds in the Texas High Plains. Feces were collected from a convenience sample of 706 animals culled from nine dairy farms. In addition, individually paired fecal and hide samples were collected from 70 healthy milking cows on three of the dairies. Samples were cultured for Salmonella using routine methods; isolates were serotyped and subjected to a panel of antimicrobial drugs to determine susceptibility. Salmonella was recovered from 32.6% of culled cows. Whole-herd use of a vaccine containing siderophore receptors and porin proteins was associated (p = 0.05) with reduced Salmonella prevalence in that the prevalence among herds that practiced whole-herd vaccination was 8.0% compared to 36.8% among herds that did not use this vaccine. The majority (88.6%) of isolates were pansusceptible or resistant to one drug. Of the 3.1% of isolates resistant to more than four drugs, all were Salmonella Newport and were recovered from one dairy. Various serotypes were recovered from individual fecal and hide samples. Salmonella Montevideo was recovered more frequently (p < 0.01) from hide samples, whereas Salmonella Cerro was recovered more frequently (p < 0.01) from feces. Salmonella was recovered from at least one cow on all dairies. While our study was not a priori designed to address herd-level factors, we found evidence that the whole-herd use of a siderophore receptor and porin protein-containing vaccine might be a useful aid in the control of Salmonella in groups of cattle. As this is a nonrandomized evaluation of an intervention, other herd-level factors that may be correlated with vaccine use, such as biosecurity, might have been responsible for the observed association. C1 [Loneragan, Guy H.; McCarthy, Rebecca M.; Webb, Hattie E.; Trojan, Sara J.; Brashears, Mindy M.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Coll Agr Sci & Nat Resources, Int Ctr Food Ind Excellence, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Thomson, Daniel U.] Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Daniels, Angela E.] Circle H Headquarters, Dalhart, TX USA. [Edrington, Thomas S.; Nisbet, David J.] ARS, So Plains Agr Res Stn, USDA, College Stn, TX USA. [Rankin, Shelly C.] Univ Penn, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Kennett Sq, PA USA. RP Loneragan, GH (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Coll Agr Sci & Nat Resources, Int Ctr Food Ind Excellence, Box 42141, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM Guy.Loneragan@TTU.edu FU Beef Checkoff; National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2004-35212-14864] FX This research was funded by the Beef Checkoff and National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (grant 2004-35212-14864). NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 9 IS 6 BP 549 EP 555 DI 10.1089/fpd.2011.1069 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 954DA UT WOS:000304925500010 PM 22571640 ER PT J AU Stewart, JE Abdo, Z Dumroese, RK Klopfenstein, NB Kim, MS AF Stewart, J. E. Abdo, Z. Dumroese, R. K. Klopfenstein, N. B. Kim, M-S. TI Virulence of Fusarium oxysporum and F. commune to Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INCONGRUENCE; EVOLUTION; NURSERY; HEALTHY; DISEASE; GENES; FUNGI AB Fusarium species can cause damping-off and root rot of young conifer seedlings, resulting in severe crop and economic losses in forest nurseries. Disease control within tree nurseries is difficult because of the inability to characterize and quantify Fusarium spp. populations with regard to disease potential because of high variability in isolate virulence. Fusarium isolates were collected from healthy and diseased seedlings of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and western white pine (Pinus monticola) from a nursery in Idaho, USA. Molecular markers such as DNA sequences (mitochondrial small subunit and nuclear translation elongation factor 1-alpha) and amplified fragment length polymorphism were used to identify isolates as either F.similar to oxysporum or F.similar to commune. In addition, diagnostic primers were developed to detect and distinguish F.similar to commune from F.similar to oxysporum. In vitro and greenhouse virulence tests were completed on Douglas-fir germinants and seedlings. For Douglas-fir germinants and seedlings, F.similar to oxysporum isolates generally caused less severe symptoms, whereas most F.similar to commune isolates caused mortality through damping-off. This is the first report of direct evidence that F.similar to commune can cause damping-off disease on Douglas-fir seedlings under greenhouse conditions. C1 [Abdo, Z.] Univ Idaho, Dept Math, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Dumroese, R. K.; Klopfenstein, N. B.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Kim, M-S.] Kookmin Univ, Dept Forestry Environm & Syst, Seoul 136702, South Korea. [Abdo, Z.] Univ Idaho, Dept Stat, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Stewart, J. E.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Kim, MS (reprint author), Kookmin Univ, Dept Forestry Environm & Syst, Seoul 136702, South Korea. EM mkim@kookmin.ac.kr FU USDA Forest Service-Rocky Mountain Research Station; Kookmin University in Korea [07-JV-11221662-078]; NIH [P20RR16448] FX The project was supported by USDA Forest Service-Rocky Mountain Research Station, Research Program 2011 of Kookmin University in Korea (M.-S. Kim), Research Joint Venture Agreement (07-JV-11221662-078) and NIH P20RR16448 (Z. Abdo). The authors greatly appreciate Dr. Robert L. James for providing Fusarium isolates, conducting the in vitro pathogenicity test, and preparing inocula used in this study. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 42 IS 3 BP 220 EP 228 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2011.00746.x PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 955CW UT WOS:000304995700005 ER PT J AU Considine, JM Vahey, DW Evans, JW Turner, KT Rowlands, RE AF Considine, John M. Vahey, David W. Evans, James W. Turner, Kevin T. Rowlands, Robert E. TI Evaluation of strength-controlling defects in paper by stress concentration analyses SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE paper; paper strength; tensile strength; defects; defect size; formation; notched specimens; unnotched strength; stress distribution; point stress criterion; average stress criterion; nonlinear least squares ID PERFORATED TENSILE SPECIMENS; LOCAL STRAIN FIELDS; FIBER NETWORKS; COMPOSITES; FRACTURE; MECHANICS; BEHAVIOR; CRACKS AB Cellulosic webs, such as paper materials, are composed of an interwoven, bonded network of cellulose fibers. Strength-controlling parameters in these webs are influenced by constituent fibers and method of processing and manufacture. Instead of estimating the effect on tensile strength of each processing/manufacturing variable, this study modifies and compares the point stress criteria and average stress criteria models used to estimate defect-free (i.e., maximum possible) tensile strength and the inherent size of the cumulative effect of strength-limiting defects. The two major modifications to these models were to assume that defect-free tensile strength was unknown and that unnotched tensile strength was reduced by the presence of inherent defects. These modifications allow the calculation of inherent defect size and defect-free tensile strength by characterizing the tensile strength of the web in the presence of stress concentrations associated with holes of different radius. The models were applied to seven paper materials including lightweight, commercial papers, linerboards, and cylinder boards; estimated inherent defect sizes ranged from 0.1 to 1.5 mm. For most materials considered, defect size was larger in the 2-direction than the 1-direction. Actual measured tensile strengths ranged from 59% to over 95% of the estimated defect-free tensile strengths, sigma(u). C1 [Considine, John M.; Vahey, David W.; Evans, James W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Turner, Kevin T.; Rowlands, Robert E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Considine, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM jconsidine@fs.fed.us NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 46 IS 11 BP 1323 EP 1334 DI 10.1177/0021998311418262 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 950PV UT WOS:000304662100007 ER PT J AU Grotheer, P Valles, S Simonne, A Kim, JM Marshall, MR AF Grotheer, P. Valles, S. Simonne, A. Kim, J. M. Marshall, M. R. TI POLYPHENOL OXIDASE INHIBITOR(S) FROM GERMAN COCKROACH (BLATTELLA GERMANICA) EXTRACT SO JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MUSCA-DOMESTICA; APPLE PEEL; PHENOLOXIDASE; INHIBITION; PURIFICATION; CUTICLE AB Enzymatic browning causes millions of dollars in losses yearly to the food industry by discoloration of fruits and vegetables. Food and Drug Administration's banning of sulfites in 1986 has created a large field of research in search of natural, effective and economic inhibitors of enzymatic browning. The objective of this research was to demonstrate inhibition of plant(s) polyphenol oxidase (PPO; EC 1.10.3.1) using inhibitor(s) from the extract of German cockroach, Blattella germanica. Crude cockroach extract inhibited apple PPO activity 6070% and potato PPO 1525%. Inhibition occurred rapidly in the reaction mixture and was dependent on the pH of the system. The inhibitor(s) appear(s) to be large based on ultrafiltration studies and loss of inhibition with proteases. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS An extract from German cockroach appears effective in inhibiting browning on apples and potatoes. Successful identification of inhibitor(s) of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) from German cockroach would be useful to the fruit and vegetable segments of the food industry, due to the losses they incur from enzymatic browning. Identifying and understanding the mechanism of inhibition on fruit and vegetable PPOs could lead to inexpensive alternatives to prevent browning. Eventually a commercial spray or dip using a purified form of the inhibitor may be developed as an inexpensive treatment to preserve fruits and vegetables. C1 [Simonne, A.; Marshall, M. R.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Food & Environm Toxicol Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Grotheer, P.] Ecolab Kay Chem Co, Global Retail Serv, Greensboro, NC USA. [Valles, S.] USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Kim, J. M.] Mokpo Natl Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Chungnam, South Korea. RP Marshall, MR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Food & Environm Toxicol Lab, SW 23rd Dr,Bldg 685,POB 110720, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM martym@ufl.edu NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0145-8884 J9 J FOOD BIOCHEM JI J. Food Biochem. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 36 IS 3 BP 292 EP 300 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2010.00538.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology GA 952RA UT WOS:000304808700006 ER PT J AU Haneklaus, AN Harris, KB Griffin, DB Edrington, TS Lucia, LM Savell, JW AF Haneklaus, Ashley N. Harris, Kerri B. Griffin, Davey B. Edrington, Thomas S. Lucia, Lisa M. Savell, Jeffrey W. TI Salmonella Prevalence in Bovine Lymph Nodes Differs among Feedyards SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article AB Lymphatic tissue, specifically lymph nodes, is commonly incorporated into ground beef products as a component of lean trimmings. Salmonella and other pathogenic bacteria have been identified in bovine lymph nodes, which may impact compliance with the Salmonella performance standards for ground beef established by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Although Salmonella prevalence has been examined among lymph nodes between animals, no data are currently available regarding feedyard origin of the cattle and Salmonella prevalence. Bovine lymph nodes (279 superficial cervical plus 28 iliofemoral = 307) were collected from beef carcasses at a commercial beef harvest and processing plant over a 3-month period and examined for the prevalence of Salmonella. Cattle processed were from seven feedyards (A through G). Salmonella prevalence was exceptionally low (0% of samples were positive) in cattle from feedyard A and high (88.2%) in cattle from feedyard B. Prevalence in the remaining feedyards ranged widely: 40.0% in feedyard C, 4.0% in feedyard D, 24.0% in feedyard E, 42.9% in feedyard 17, and 40.0% in feedyard G. These data indicate the range of differences in Salmonella prevalence among feedyards. Such information may be useful for developing interventions to reduce or eliminate Salmonella from bovine lymph nodes, which would assist in the reduction of Salmonella in ground beef. C1 [Haneklaus, Ashley N.; Harris, Kerri B.; Griffin, Davey B.; Lucia, Lisa M.; Savell, Jeffrey W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Edrington, Thomas S.] ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Harris, KB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 2471 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM kharris@tamu.edu RI Savell, Jeffrey/C-2434-2008 OI Savell, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0354-1286 FU Beef Checkoff FX This project was funded in part by The Beef Checkoff. NR 6 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1131 EP 1133 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-530 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 955RV UT WOS:000305039500018 PM 22691483 ER PT J AU Donado-Godoy, P Clavijo, V Leon, M Tafur, M Gonzales, S Hume, M Alali, W Walls, I Wong, DMALF Doyle, MP AF Donado-Godoy, Pilar Clavijo, Viviana Leon, Maribel Tafur, Mc Allister Gonzales, Sebastian Hume, Michael Alali, Walid Walls, Isabel Wong, Danilo M. A. Lo Fo Doyle, M. P. TI Prevalence of Salmonella on Retail Broiler Chicken Meat Carcasses in Colombia SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SLAUGHTERING PROCESS; POULTRY PRODUCTS; RAW POULTRY; CAMPYLOBACTER; FOOD; CONTAMINATION; RESISTANCE; HUMANS; STATES; SPP. AB A cross-sectional study was performed to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella on retail market chicken carcasses in Colombia. A total of 1,003 broiler chicken carcasses from 23 departments (one city per department) were collected via a stratified sampling method. Carcass rinses were tested for the presence of Salmonella by conventional culture methods. Salmonella strains were isolated from 27% of the carcasses sampled. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine potential risk factors for Salmonella contamination associated with the chicken production system (conventional versus free-range), storage condition (chilled versus frozen), retail store type (supermarket, independent, and wet market), poultry company (integrated company versus nonintegrated company), and socioeconomic stratum. Chickens from a nonintegrated poultry company were associated with a significantly (P < 0.05) greater risk of Salmonella contamination (odds ratio, 2.0) than were chickens from an integrated company. Chilled chickens had a significantly (P < 0.05) higher risk of Salmonella contamination (odds ratio, 4.3) than did frozen chicken carcasses. C1 [Alali, Walid; Doyle, M. P.] Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Walls, Isabel] Natl Inst Food & Agr, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Wong, Danilo M. A. Lo Fo] WHO, Food Safety & Zoonoses, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. [Hume, Michael] ARS, USDA, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Donado-Godoy, Pilar; Clavijo, Viviana; Gonzales, Sebastian] CORPOICA Corp Colombiana Invest Agr, CBB, Cundinamarca, Colombia. [Leon, Maribel; Tafur, Mc Allister] Inst Colombiano Agr, Bogota, Colombia. RP Alali, W (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM walali@uga.edu OI Walls, Isabel/0000-0002-9643-8845 FU University of Georgia; WHO Global Foodborne Infections Network (GFN) FX The research work was supported by the project "Data Collection for Salmonella in Raw Poultry in Colombia" of the University of Georgia, in collaboration with the WHO Global Foodborne Infections Network (GFN). We thank Dr. Enrique Perez from PAHO-WHO for facilitating the connection between the research groups that worked on this project. We thank Dr. Naila Baig-Ansari, consultant epidemiologist, for her advice in finalizing the manuscript. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 11 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1134 EP 1138 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-513 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 955RV UT WOS:000305039500019 PM 22691484 ER PT J AU Zhong, SY Li, XP Bian, XD Heilman, WE Leung, LR Gustafson, WI AF Zhong, Shiyuan Li, Xiuping Bian, Xindi Heilman, Warren E. Leung, L. Ruby Gustafson, William I., Jr. TI Evaluation of regional climate simulations over the Great Lakes region driven by three global data sets SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Regional climate model; Climate modeling of the Great Lakes region; MM5 ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SEASONAL PRECIPITATION; MODEL RESOLUTION; PART I; SYSTEM; SENSITIVITY; REANALYSIS; PREDICTION; CALIFORNIA; STORMS AB The performance of regional climate simulations is evaluated for the Great Lakes region. Three 10-year (1990-1999) current-climate simulations are performed using the MM5 regional climate model (RCM) with 36-km horizontal resolution. The simulations employed identical configuration and physical parameterizations, but different lateral boundary conditions and sea-surface temperatures derived from the NCEP Global Reanalysis and output from the CCSM3 and GISS general circulation models (GCMs). The simulation results are compared to the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR). The three RCM simulations appeared to be more accurate in winter and least accurate in summer, and more accurate aloft than near the surface. The reanalysis-constrained simulation adequately captured the spatial distribution and seasonal cycle of the observed surface-air temperature and precipitation, but it produced consistently across all seasons a cold bias that is generally larger over the lakes than over land and a wet bias due to an overestimation of non-convective precipitation. The simulated seasonal cycle of moisture-flux convergence over the region was in very good agreement with NARR. The two GCM-driven runs adequately simulated the spatial and seasonal variation of temperature, but overestimated cold-season precipitation and underestimated summer precipitation, reversing the observed annual precipitation cycle. The GISS-driven run failed to simulate the prevailing low-level flow and moisture convergence patterns. All three RCM simulations successfully captured the impact of the Great Lakes on the region's climate, especially on winter precipitation, a significant improvement over coarse-resolution GCM simulations over the region. (C) 2012 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhong, Shiyuan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Zhong, Shiyuan] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Global Climate Change & Earth Observat, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Li, Xiuping] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Water Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Bian, Xindi; Heilman, Warren E.] USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Leung, L. Ruby; Gustafson, William I., Jr.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Zhong, SY (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, 116 Geog Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM zhongs@msu.edu; lixiuping@bnu.edu.cn; xbian@fs.fed.us; wheilam@fs.fed.us; ruby.leung@pnl.gov; william.gustafson@pnl.gov RI Gustafson, William/A-7732-2008 OI Gustafson, William/0000-0001-9927-1393 FU Michigan State University AgBio Research; USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station [07-JV-11242300-138]; PNNL Integrated Regional Earth System Modeling (iRESM) Initiative FX This research is supported by the Michigan State University AgBio Research and by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station under agreement 07-JV-11242300-138. The work is also partly supported by the PNNL Integrated Regional Earth System Modeling (iRESM) Initiative. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 38 IS 2 BP 212 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2012.03.012 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 953BK UT WOS:000304841700004 ER PT J AU Stanley, DW Goodman, C An, SH Song, QS AF Stanley, David W. Goodman, Cynthia An, Shiheng Song, Qisheng TI Prostaglandin A(2) influences gene expression in an established insect cell line (BCIRL-HzAM1) cells SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Insect cell line; HzAM1 cells; Prostaglandins; Proteins ID GLYCINE CLEAVAGE SYSTEM; LONE STAR TICK; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; TOBACCO HORNWORM; SALIVARY-GLANDS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; FAT-BODY; BIOSYNTHESIS; PROTEIN; EICOSANOIDS AB Prostaglandins (PGs) and other eicosanoids are oxygenated metabolites of arachidonic acid and two other C-20 polyunsaturated fatty acids. While most well studied in mammals, PGs exert important actions in insects and virtually all other invertebrates. We have been researching the mechanisms of PG actions in established insect cell lines and reported earlier that two PGs, PGA(1) and PGE(1), influence gene and protein expression in HzAM1 cells. Here we report on further experiments with three 2-series PGs, PGA(2), PGE(2) and PGF(2 alpha). In separate experiments we treated cells with each of the three PGs for 12 and 24 h and then analyzed cell lysates by 2-D electrophoresis. Analysis of the gels by Delta2D software showed that PGA(2) influenced expression of 60 proteins while PGE(2) and PGF(2 alpha) treatments led to expression changes for only a few proteins. All spots representing changes in protein expression were processed for analysis by MALDI TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Bioinformatic analysis of the resulting sequences yielded in silico identifications of all proteins. The apparent changes in some proteins were confirmed by quantitative PCR, which demonstrated that changes in protein expression were parallel to changes in mRNA expression. We assorted the proteins into functional categories, including 1/cell structure and function; 2/cell protection and immunity; 3/energetics and metabolism; 4/nucleotide processing; 5/protein action and processing and 6/signal transduction. These findings substantially extend our idea that one mechanism of PG actions in insect cells is the modulation of gene and protein expression. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stanley, David W.; Goodman, Cynthia; An, Shiheng; Song, Qisheng] ARS, USDA, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Stanley, DW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM stanleyd@missouri.edu NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 58 IS 6 BP 837 EP 849 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.03.010 PG 13 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 956RG UT WOS:000305106200010 PM 22449654 ER PT J AU Liang, CY Chen, ZJ Yao, ZF Tian, J Liao, H AF Liang, Cui-Yue Chen, Zhi-Jian Yao, Zhu-Fang Tian, Jiang Liao, Hong TI Characterization of Two Putative Protein Phosphatase Genes and Their Involvement in Phosphorus Efficiency in Phaseolus vulgaris SO JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phosphorus efficiency; HAD protein; acid phosphatase; bean ID CONTRASTING SOIL TYPES; ACID-PHOSPHATASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; ROOT DEVELOPMENT; EYES ABSENT; STARVATION; ACQUISITION; EXPRESSION; AVAILABILITY AB Protein dephosphorylation mediated by protein phosphatases plays a major role in signal transduction of plant responses to environmental stresses. In this study, two putative protein phosphatases, PvPS2:1 and PvPS2:2 were identified and characterized in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The two PvPS2 members were found to be localized to the plasma membrane and the nucleus by transient expression of PvPS2:GFP in onion epidermal cells. Transcripts of the two PvPS2 genes were significantly increased by phosphate (Pi) starvation in the two bean genotypes, G19833 (a P-efficient genotype) and DOR364 (a P-inefficient genotype). However, G19833 exhibited higher PvPS2:1 expression levels than DOR364 in both leaves and roots during Pi starvation. Increased transcription of PvPS2:1 in response to Pi starvation was further verified through histochemical analysis of PvPS2:1 promoter fusion beta-glucuronidase (GUS) in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Analysis of PvPS2:1 overexpression lines in bean hairy roots and Arabidopsis showed that PvS2:1 was involved in root growth and P accumulation. Furthermore, expression levels of two Pi starvation responsive genes were upregulated and the APase activities were enhanced in the overexpressing PvPS2:1 Arabidopsis lines. Taken together, our results strongly suggested that PvPS2:1 positively regulated plant responses to Pi starvation, and could be further targeted as a candidate gene to improve crop P efficiency. C1 [Liang, Cui-Yue; Chen, Zhi-Jian; Yao, Zhu-Fang; Tian, Jiang; Liao, Hong] S China Agr Univ, Root Biol Ctr, State Key Lab Conservat & Utilizat Subtrop Agrobi, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Liang, Cui-Yue] Cornell Univ, Robert Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Tian, J (reprint author), S China Agr Univ, Root Biol Ctr, State Key Lab Conservat & Utilizat Subtrop Agrobi, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM jtian@scau.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31101593, 30890131]; National Key Basic Research Special Funds of China [2011CB100301]; Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China [20094404120022] FX We express our thanks to Janelle Jung for helpful suggestions and careful reading of themanuscript. This work was jointly supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31101593 and 30890131), the National Key Basic Research Special Funds of China (2011CB100301) and the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (20094404120022). NR 51 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1672-9072 J9 J INTEGR PLANT BIOL JI J. Integr. Plant Biol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 54 IS 6 BP 400 EP 411 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2012.01126.x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 957BF UT WOS:000305132900004 PM 22571280 ER PT J AU Pae, MY Ren, ZH Meydani, M Shang, F Smith, D Meydani, SN Wu, DY AF Pae, Munkyong Ren, Zhihong Meydani, Mohsen Shang, Fu Smith, Donald Meydani, Simin Nikbin Wu, Dayong TI Dietary supplementation with high dose of epigallocatechin-3-gallate promotes inflammatory response in mice SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Green tea; EGCG; Inflammation; Splenocytes; Macrophages ID GREEN TEA POLYPHENOL; NF-KAPPA-B; INDUCED COX-2 EXPRESSION; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; INTERFERON-GAMMA; CANCER-CELLS; PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; COLON CARCINOGENESIS; METABOLIC SYNDROME; PROSTATE-CANCER AB Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) from green tea has been indicated to have anti-inflammatory activity. However, most of the evidence is in vitro studies in which EGCG is often added at levels unachievable by oral intake. With few exceptions, in vivo studies along this line have been conducted in animal models of diseases, and the results are inconclusive. In this study, we fed C57BL/6 mice a diet containing 0%, 0.15%, 0.3% or 1% (w/w) EGCG for 6 weeks. Contrary to the assumption that EGCG would reduce inflammatory response, mice fed 0.15% and 0.3% EGCG diet exhibited no change while those fed 1% EGCG diet produced more proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-beta, and 1L-1 beta and lipid inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E-2 in their splenocytes and macrophages (M Phi) and less IL-4 in splenocytes. Spleens from the mice fed 1% EGCG diet also had higher proportions of regulatory T cells, M Phi, natural killer (NK) cells and NKT cells compared to those from mice fed the other diets. These results suggest that high intake of EGCG may induce a proinflammatory response, and this change may be associated with a disturbed homeostasis of immune cells involving changes in both function and number of specific immune cell populations. While the mechanisms and clinical significance for this effect of EGCG remain to be investigated further, these data suggest the need for defining accurate EGCG dose limits to induce an anti-inflammatory effect since current data indicate that higher doses would produce an inflammatory response. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Pae, Munkyong; Ren, Zhihong; Meydani, Simin Nikbin; Wu, Dayong] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Meydani, Mohsen] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Shang, Fu] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Smith, Donald] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Comparat Biol Unit, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wu, DY (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM dayong.wu@tufts.edu FU US Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2010-65200-20360]; US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service [58-1950-7-707] FX Supported by the US Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture grant 2010-65200-20360, and the US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service contract 58-1950-7-707. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture. NR 52 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 23 IS 6 BP 526 EP 531 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.02.006 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 952IK UT WOS:000304786000002 PM 21684134 ER PT J AU Dawson, K Zhao, L Adkins, Y Vemuri, M Rodriguez, RL Gregg, JP Kelley, DS Hwang, DH AF Dawson, Kevin Zhao, Ling Adkins, Yuriko Vemuri, Madhuri Rodriguez, Raymond L. Gregg, Jeffrey P. Kelley, Darshan S. Hwang, Daniel H. TI Modulation of blood cell gene expression by DHA supplementation in hypertriglyceridemic men SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Docosahexaenoic acid; Gene expression; Inflammation; LDL receptor; Oxidized LDL receptor; Cathepsin L1; Cardiovascular disease ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INFLAMMATORY MARKERS; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; INNATE IMMUNITY; CATHEPSIN-L AB Our previous study with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation to hypertriglyceridemic men showed that DHA reduced several risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including the plasma concentration of inflammatory markers. To determine the effect of DHA supplementation on the global gene expression pattern, we performed Affymetrix GeneChip microarray analysis of blood cells [treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or vehicle] drawn before and after the supplementation of DHA from the hypertriglyceridemic men who participated in that study. Genes that were significantly differentially regulated by the LPS treatment and DHA supplementation were identified. Differential regulation of 18 genes was then verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Both microarray and qRT-PCR data showed that DHA supplementation significantly suppressed the expression of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and cathepsin L1, both of which were also up-regulated by LPS. DHA supplementation also suppressed oxidized LDL (lectin-like) receptor 1 (OLR1). However, LPS did not induce OLR1 mRNA expression. Enrichment with Gene Ontology categories demonstrated that the genes related to transcription factor activity, immunity, host defense and inflammatory responses were inversely regulated by LPS and DHA. These results provide supporting evidence for the anti-inflammatory effects of DHA supplementation, and reveal previously unrecognized genes that are regulated by DHA and are associated with risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Zhao, Ling; Adkins, Yuriko; Vemuri, Madhuri; Kelley, Darshan S.; Hwang, Daniel H.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Zhao, Ling; Adkins, Yuriko; Vemuri, Madhuri; Kelley, Darshan S.; Hwang, Daniel H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dawson, Kevin; Rodriguez, Raymond L.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Excellence Nutr Genom, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gregg, Jeffrey P.] UC Davis Canc Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Hwang, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM daniel.hwang@ars.usda.gov FU National Institutes of Health [DK064007, DK064007-05S1]; Western Human Nutrition Research Center/ARS/USDA; NCMHD/NIH [P60MD00222] FX This work was supported by grants DK064007 and DK064007-05S1 from the National Institutes of Health and program funds from the Western Human Nutrition Research Center/ARS/USDA (D.H.H.), program funds from the Western Human Nutrition Research Center/ARS/USDA (D.K.) and NCMHD/NIH grant P60MD00222 (R.R). NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 23 IS 6 BP 616 EP 621 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.03.004 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 952IK UT WOS:000304786000013 PM 21775114 ER PT J AU Doyle, MW Shields, FD AF Doyle, Martin W. Shields, F. Douglas TI Compensatory Mitigation for Streams Under the Clean Water Act: Reassessing Science and Redirecting Policy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE environmental regulations; stream restoration; aquatic ecology; rivers; streams; water policy ID LOW-HEAD DAM; WETLAND RESTORATION; UNITED-STATES; INSTREAM STRUCTURES; TRANSIENT STORAGE; HEADWATER STREAMS; RIVER RESTORATION; WARMWATER STREAMS; FISH COMMUNITY; COASTAL-PLAIN AB Doyle, Martin W. and F. Douglas Shields, 2012. Compensatory Mitigation for Streams Under the Clean Water Act: Reassessing Science and Redirecting Policy. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(3): 494-509. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00631.x Abstract: Current stream restoration science is not adequate to assume high rates of success in recovering ecosystem functional integrity. The physical scale of most stream restoration projects is insufficient because watershed land use controls ambient water quality and hydrology, and land use surrounding many restoration projects at the time of their construction, or in the future, do not provide sufficient conditions for functional integrity recovery. Reach scale channel restoration or modification has limited benefits within the broader landscape context. Physical habitat variables are often the basis for indicating success, but are now increasingly seen as poor surrogates for actual biological function; the assumption if you build it they will come lacks support of empirical studies. If stream restoration is to play a continued role in compensatory mitigation under the United States Clean Water Act, then significant policy changes are needed to adapt to the limitations of restoration science and the social environment under which most projects are constructed. When used for compensatory mitigation, stream restoration should be held to effectiveness standards for actual and measurable physical, chemical, or biological functional improvement. To achieve improved mitigation results, greater flexibility may be required for the location and funding of restoration projects, the size of projects, and the restoration process itself. C1 [Doyle, Martin W.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Shields, F. Douglas] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Doyle, MW (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM martin.doyle@duke.edu FU NSF [BCS-0961551]; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers-Institute for Water Resources FX Doyle's research on compensatory mitigation was supported in part by NSF award BCS-0961551 and through the F.J. Clarke Visiting Scholar program at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers-Institute for Water Resources, although his opinions do not necessarily represent those of the Corps of Engineers. Review of earlier versions by Adam Riggsbee and three other reviewers is greatly appreciated. NR 97 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 70 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 48 IS 3 BP 494 EP 509 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00631.x PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 952PK UT WOS:000304804400007 ER PT J AU Bunte, K Potyondy, JP Swingle, KW Abt, SR AF Bunte, Kristin Potyondy, John P. Swingle, Kurt W. Abt, Steven R. TI Spatial Variability of Pool-Tail Fines in Mountain Gravel-Bed Stream Affects Grid-Count Results SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE streambed sediment; surface fines; bedmaterial sampling; fluvial processes; channel morphology; geomorphology; rivers; streams; monitoring; environmental sampling; watershed management ID FLOW REGULATED STREAMS; MEASURING EMBEDDEDNESS; SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES; RIFFLE UNIT; RIVER; HABITAT; ATTRIBUTES; TRANSPORT; PROTOCOLS; MEANDER AB Bunte, Kristin, John P. Potyondy, Kurt W. Swingle, and Steven R. Abt, 2012. Spatial Variability of Pool-Tail Fines in Mountain Gravel-Bed Stream Affects Grid-Count Results. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(3): 530-545. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00629.x Abstract: Fine sediment (<2 and <6 mm) particles underlying a 49-intersection grid placed on a streambed at 25, 50, and 75% of the wetted pool-tail width are commonly counted to assess the status and trend of aquatic ecosystems or to monitor changes in the supply of fines in mountain gravel-bed streams. However, results vary even when crews perform nearly identical procedures. This study hypothesized that spatial variability of pool-tail fines affects grid-count results and that a sampling scheme can be optimized for precision and accuracy. Grid counts taken at seven evenly spaced locations across the wetted width of 10 pool tails in a pool-riffle study stream indicated a bankward fining trend with secondary peaks of fines within the stream center. Sampling locations close to the waterlines harbored more than twice as many fines as central locations. Most of the five grid-count schemes derived from the seven sampled locations produced significantly different results. Compared with sampling at all seven locations, schemes that focus near waterlines overpredicted fines, while those that focus on the center underpredicted them. Variability of fines among pool tails was the highest within a broad band along the waterlines; hence, focusing sampling there yielded the most variable results. The scheme sampling at 25, 50, and 75% of the wetted width had the lowest precision and moderate accuracy. Accuracy and precision of grid-count results can be greatly improved by sampling at seven even-spaced locations across the pool tail. C1 [Bunte, Kristin; Abt, Steven R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Engn Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Potyondy, John P.] US Forest Serv, Stream Syst Technol Ctr, Watershed Fish Wildlife Air & Rare Plants Staff, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Bunte, K (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Engn Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kbunte@engr.colostate.edu FU Stream Systems Technology Center of the U.S. Forest Service, Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado FX We thank Katja Laute (then Universitat Halle, Germany) for her enthusiastic, good-natured, and competent help in the field. Judy Visty, National Park Service, is thanked for quickly issuing a research permit. This work was funded by the Stream Systems Technology Center of the U.S. Forest Service, Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado. Comments from three anonymous reviewers helped to improve the manuscript. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 48 IS 3 BP 530 EP 545 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00629.x PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 952PK UT WOS:000304804400009 ER PT J AU Fedor, DM Adkins, Y Mackey, BE Kelley, DS AF Fedor, Dawn M. Adkins, Yuriko Mackey, Bruce E. Kelley, Darshan S. TI Docosahexaenoic Acid Prevents Trans-10, Cis-12-Conjugated Linoleic Acid-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice by Altering Expression of Hepatic Genes Regulating Fatty Acid Synthesis and Oxidation SO METABOLIC SYNDROME AND RELATED DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED INSULIN-RESISTANCE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; MOUSE-LIVER; FISH-OIL; SUPPLEMENTATION; STEATOSIS; ENZYMES; OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACIDS; ADIPONECTIN AB Background: Concomitant supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (22: 6 n-3; DHA) prevented trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance. The effective dose of DHA and mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Methods: We examined the ability of DHA (0.5% and 1.5%) to prevent increases in NAFLD and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) induced by CLA (0.5%) when fed concomitantly for 4 weeks to C57BL/6N female mice. We also examined changes in expression of hepatic genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and oxidation. Results: CLA supplementation increased liver triglycerides (TG) and HOMA-IR by 221% and 547%, respectively, and decreased mass of different adipose depots by 65%-90% when compared to those in the control group. When fed concomitantly, DHA prevented CLA-induced increases in liver TG and circulating insulin with varying efficiency, but it did not prevent loss in adipose tissue mass. In the CLA+0.5% DHA group, the liver TG did not differ from those in the control group, but circulating insulin and HOMA-IR were 285% and 264%, respectively. In the CLA+1.5% DHA group, liver TG were 54% lower than those in the control group, but circulating insulin concentration and HOMA-IR did not differ between these two groups. CLA increased the expression of hepatic genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and decreased the expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, and 1.5% DHA prevented changes in the expression of hepatic genes caused by CLA. Conclusions: Response of different tissues to CLA and DHA varied; CLA was more potent than DHA in altering depot fat and insulin concentrations. C1 [Fedor, Dawn M.; Adkins, Yuriko; Kelley, Darshan S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fedor, Dawn M.; Adkins, Yuriko; Kelley, Darshan S.] ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Davis, CA USA. [Mackey, Bruce E.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. RP Kelley, DS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM darshan.kelley@ars.usda.gov FU USDA FX Funds for this study were provided by the USDA. No competing financial interests exist. D.M.F., Y.A., B.E.M., and D.S.K. all contributed to planning of study, data interpretation, and preparation of the manuscript. D.M.F. and Y.A. executed the study and sample analysis. D.S.K. had primary responsibility for final content. Reference to a company or product name does not imply approval or recommendation of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-4196 J9 METAB SYNDR RELAT D JI Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 10 IS 3 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.1089/met.2011.0113 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 952DV UT WOS:000304771300004 PM 22242926 ER PT J AU Elmendorf, SC Henry, GHR Hollister, RD Bjork, RG Boulanger-Lapointe, N Cooper, EJ Cornelissen, JHC Day, TA Dorrepaal, E Elumeeva, TG Gill, M Gould, WA Harte, J Hik, DS Hofgaard, A Johnson, DR Johnstone, JF Jonsdottir, IS Jorgenson, JC Klanderud, K Klein, JA Koh, S Kudo, G Lara, M Levesque, E Magnusson, B May, JL Mercado-Diaz, JA Michelsen, A Molau, U Myers-Smith, IH Oberbauer, SF Onipchenko, VG Rixen, C Schmidt, NM Shaver, GR Spasojevic, MJ Porhallsdottir, PE Tolvanen, A Troxler, T Tweedie, CE Villareal, S Wahren, CH Walker, X Webber, PJ Welker, JM Wipf, S AF Elmendorf, Sarah C. Henry, Gregory H. R. Hollister, Robert D. Bjork, Robert G. Boulanger-Lapointe, Noemie Cooper, Elisabeth J. Cornelissen, Johannes H. C. Day, Thomas A. Dorrepaal, Ellen Elumeeva, Tatiana G. Gill, Mike Gould, William A. Harte, John Hik, David S. Hofgaard, Annika Johnson, David R. Johnstone, Jill F. Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg Svala Jorgenson, Janet C. Klanderud, Kari Klein, Julia A. Koh, Saewan Kudo, Gaku Lara, Mark Levesque, Esther Magnusson, Borgthor May, Jeremy L. Mercado-Diaz, Joel A. Michelsen, Anders Molau, Ulf Myers-Smith, Isla H. Oberbauer, Steven F. Onipchenko, Vladimir G. Rixen, Christian Schmidt, Niels Martin Shaver, Gaius R. Spasojevic, Marko J. Porhallsdottir, Pora Ellen Tolvanen, Anne Troxler, Tiffany Tweedie, Craig E. Villareal, Sandra Wahren, Carl-Henrik Walker, Xanthe Webber, Patrick J. Welker, Jeffrey M. Wipf, Sonja TI Plot-scale evidence of tundra vegetation change and links to recent summer warming SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ARCTIC TUNDRA; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; GLOBAL CHANGE; RESPONSES; ECOSYSTEMS; FEEDBACKS; ECOLOGY; DECLINE; BIOMASS AB Temperature is increasing at unprecedented rates across most of the tundra biome(1). Remote-sensing data indicate that contemporary climate warming has already resulted in increased productivity over much of the Arctic(2,3), but plot-based evidence for vegetation transformation is not widespread. We analysed change in tundra vegetation surveyed between 1980 and 2010 in 158 plant communities spread across 46 locations. We found biome-wide trends of increased height of the plant canopy and maximum observed plant height for most vascular growth forms; increased abundance of litter; increased abundance of evergreen, low-growing and tall shrubs; and decreased abundance of bare ground. Intersite comparisons indicated an association between the degree of summer warming and change in vascular plant abundance, with shrubs, forbs and rushes increasing with warming. However, the association was dependent on the climate zone, the moisture regime and the presence of permafrost. Our data provide plot-scale evidence linking changes in vascular plant abundance to local summer warming in widely dispersed tundra locations across the globe. C1 [Elmendorf, Sarah C.; Henry, Gregory H. R.; Walker, Xanthe] Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. [Hollister, Robert D.; May, Jeremy L.] Grand Valley State Univ, Dept Biol, Allendale, MI 49401 USA. [Bjork, Robert G.; Molau, Ulf] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Boulanger-Lapointe, Noemie; Levesque, Esther] Univ Quebec Trois Rivieres, Dept Chim Biol, Trois Rivieres, PQ G9A 5H7, Canada. [Cooper, Elisabeth J.] Univ Tromso, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, Inst Biosci Fisheries & Econ, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Cornelissen, Johannes H. C.; Dorrepaal, Ellen] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Inst Ecol Sci, Dept Syst Ecol, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Day, Thomas A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Dorrepaal, Ellen] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Climate Impacts Res Ctr, S-98107 Abisko, Sweden. [Elumeeva, Tatiana G.; Onipchenko, Vladimir G.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Biol, Dept Geobot, Moscow, Russia. [Gill, Mike] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, No Conservat Div, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 5X7, Canada. [Gould, William A.; Mercado-Diaz, Joel A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Harte, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hik, David S.; Koh, Saewan; Myers-Smith, Isla H.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Hofgaard, Annika] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway. [Johnson, David R.; Lara, Mark; Tweedie, Craig E.; Villareal, Sandra] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Biol, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Johnstone, Jill F.; Walker, Xanthe] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7J 5N2, Canada. [Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg Svala] Univ Iceland, Inst Biol, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Jorgenson, Janet C.; Porhallsdottir, Pora Ellen] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Klanderud, Kari] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Nat Resource Management, NO-1432 As, Norway. [Klein, Julia A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kudo, Gaku] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Magnusson, Borgthor] Iceland Inst Nat Hist, IS-210 Gardabaer, Iceland. [Michelsen, Anders] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Terr Ecol Sect, DK-1353 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Michelsen, Anders] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Permafrost CENPERM, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Oberbauer, Steven F.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Rixen, Christian; Troxler, Tiffany; Wipf, Sonja] WSL Inst Snow & Avalanche Res SLF, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. [Schmidt, Niels Martin] Aarhus Univ, NERI, Dept Arctic Environm, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Shaver, Gaius R.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Spasojevic, Marko J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Tolvanen, Anne] Univ Oulu, Thule Inst, Finnish Forest Res Inst, Muhos 91500, Finland. [Wahren, Carl-Henrik] La Trobe Univ, Dept Agr Sci, Ctr Appl Alpine Ecol, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Webber, Patrick J.] Michigan State Univ, Ranchos De Taos, NM 87557 USA. [Welker, Jeffrey M.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. RP Elmendorf, SC (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, 1984 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. EM selmendorf@neoninc.org RI Hik, David/B-3462-2009; Welker, Jeffrey/C-9493-2013; Myers-Smith, Isla/D-1529-2013; Schmidt, Niels Martin/G-3843-2011; Michelsen, Anders/L-5279-2014; Kudo, Gaku/A-2733-2015; Johnstone, Jill/C-9204-2009; Tolvanen, Anne/I-5873-2015; Wipf, Sonja/A-5075-2010; Elumeeva, Tatiana/O-9062-2016; OI Hik, David/0000-0002-8994-9305; Myers-Smith, Isla/0000-0002-8417-6112; Schmidt, Niels Martin/0000-0002-4166-6218; Michelsen, Anders/0000-0002-9541-8658; Kudo, Gaku/0000-0002-6488-818X; Johnstone, Jill/0000-0001-6131-9339; Tolvanen, Anne/0000-0002-5304-7510; Wipf, Sonja/0000-0002-3492-1399; Elumeeva, Tatiana/0000-0003-0589-830X; Gould, William/0000-0002-3720-9735; Bjork, Robert/0000-0001-7346-666X; Rixen, Christian/0000-0002-2486-9988 FU Canadian International Polar Year program; US National Science Foundation; Australian Research Council; Department of Sustainability and Environment (Australia); National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; ArcticNet (Canada); Environment Canada; Northern Scientific Training program (Canada); Polar Continental Shelf program (Canada); Yukon Territorial Government (Canada); Natural Sciences Division of the Danish Council for Independent Research; Danish Environmental Protection Agency; ATANS (EU); Academy of Finland; Icelandic Research Fund; Environmental Research and Technology Development Fund (Japan); Ministry of the Environment (Japan); Dutch Polar program; Research Council of Norway; Norwegian Svalbard Society; Norwegian Polar Institute; European Commission (Norway); Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning; US Long Term Ecological Research program; US Forest Service; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank innumerable field technicians, graduate and undergraduate assistants for help with data collection, and parks, wildlife refuges, field stations and the local and indigenous people for the opportunity to conduct research on their land. Financial support for the synthesis was provided by the Canadian International Polar Year program and the US National Science Foundation; the field data collection was financially supported by the Australian Research Council, the Department of Sustainability and Environment (Australia), the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, ArcticNet (Canada), Environment Canada, the Northern Scientific Training program (Canada), the Polar Continental Shelf program (Canada), the Yukon Territorial Government (Canada), the Natural Sciences Division of the Danish Council for Independent Research, the Danish Environmental Protection Agency, the ATANS grant program (EU), the Academy of Finland, the Icelandic Research Fund, the Environmental Research and Technology Development Fund (Japan), the Ministry of the Environment (Japan), the Dutch Polar program, the Research Council of Norway, the Norwegian Svalbard Society, the Norwegian Polar Institute, the European Commission (Framework 5; Norway), the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning, the US National Science Foundation, the US Long Term Ecological Research program, the US Forest Service and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 32 TC 208 Z9 217 U1 25 U2 365 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 2 IS 6 BP 453 EP 457 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1465 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 955WM UT WOS:000305051600028 ER PT J AU Cheong, EJ Mock, R Li, RH AF Cheong, Eun Ju Mock, Raymond Li, Ruhui TI Elimination of five viruses from sugarcane using in vitro culture of axillary buds and apical meristems SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE Sugarcane; Virus elimination; Apical meristem culture; Axillary bud ID YELLOW-LEAF-VIRUS; MOSAIC DISEASE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; TISSUE-CULTURE; IDENTIFICATION; QUARANTINE; POTYVIRUS; DIVERSITY; GENOTYPES; INDIA AB Procedures were developed for the in vitro elimination of Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), Sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV), Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV), Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV) and Fiji disease virus (FDV) from infected sugarcane. In vitro shoot regeneration, elongation and virus elimination through meristem tissue culture originating from both apical and axillary shoots were compared. The average rates of regeneration and elongation from apical meristem tissues were 91 and 66%, respectively, with the virus-free rate among elongated shoots ranging from 61-92%. Mature axillary buds were cultivated in vitro to produce axillary shoots, from which meristem tissues were excised and cultured. These meristem tissues regenerated (77-100%) and elongated (55-88%) in culture medium at approximately the same rate as the apical meristems. The average virus elimination rate was 90% among elongated shoots derived from mature axillary buds. All five viruses can be eliminated by meristem tissue culture from both apical and axillary shoots using a standardized procedure. The overall average efficiency of virus-free plant production was 45 and 58% from apical and axillary shoots, respectively. There were no significant differences for shoot induction or virus elimination when the meristems were harvested from either the apical or the axillary shoots. This is the first report of SrMV or SCSMV elimination from sugarcane, as well as elimination of any mixed virus infections. This new method of harvesting meristems from axillary buds greatly expands the amount of material available for therapeutic treatments and thereby increases the probability of eliminating viruses from infected sugarcane. C1 [Cheong, Eun Ju; Mock, Raymond; Li, Ruhui] ARS, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cheong, EJ (reprint author), ARS, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM eunju.chenong@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 109 IS 3 BP 439 EP 445 DI 10.1007/s11240-011-0108-3 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 950QL UT WOS:000304663700006 ER PT J AU Lim, HS Jang, CY Nam, J Li, M Hong, JS Bae, H Ju, HJ Kim, HG Ford, RE Domier, LL AF Lim, Hyoun-Sub Jang, Chan-Yong Nam, Jiryun Li, Meijia Hong, Jin-Sung Bae, Hanhong Ju, Ho-Jong Kim, Hong Gi Ford, Richard E. Domier, Leslie L. TI Characterization of the in vitro Activities of the P1 and Helper Component Proteases of Soybean mosaic virus Strain G2 and Tobacco vein mottling virus SO PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Helper-component protease; in vitro translation; P1 protease; trypsin inhibitor ID DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; MULTIFUNCTIONAL PROTEIN; TRYPSIN-INHIBITORS; HC-PRO; POTYVIRUS; PLANT; KUNITZ AB Potyviruses express their RNA genomes through the production of polyproteins that are processed in host cells by three virus-encoded proteases. Soybean plants produce large amounts of protease inhibitors during seed development and in response to wounding that could affect the activities of these proteases. The in vitro activities of two of the proteases of Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and Tobacco vein mottling virus (TVMV) were compared in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate in vitro translation system using synthetic RNA transcripts. Transcripts produced from SMV and TVMV cDNAs that included the P1 and helper component-protease (HC-Pro) coding regions directed synthesis of protein products that were only partially processed. Unprocessed polyproteins were not detected from transcripts that included all of the P1, HC-Pro, P3 and portions of the cylindrical inclusion protein coding regions of either virus. Addition of soybean trypsin inhibitor to in vitro translation reactions increased the accumulation of the unprocessed polyprotein from TVMV transcripts, but did not alter the patterns of proteins produced from SMV. These experiments suggest that SMV- and TVMV-encoded proteases are differentially sensitive to protease inhibitors. C1 [Ford, Richard E.; Domier, Leslie L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lim, Hyoun-Sub; Jang, Chan-Yong; Nam, Jiryun; Li, Meijia; Kim, Hong Gi] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Appl Biol, Taejon 305764, South Korea. [Hong, Jin-Sung] Seoul Womans Univ, Inst Nat Sci, Seoul 139774, South Korea. [Bae, Hanhong] Yeungnam Univ, Sch Biotechnol, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. [Ju, Ho-Jong] Chonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Agr Biol, Jonju 561756, South Korea. [Domier, Leslie L.] ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Domier, LL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM leslie.domier@ars.usda.gov FU Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea [PJ008603] FX This work was supported by a grant from the Next-Generation Biogreen 21 Program (PJ008603), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU KOREAN SOC PLANT PATHOLOGY PI SUWON PA NATIONAL INST AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, PLANT PATHOLOGY DIVISION, SUWON, 441-707, SOUTH KOREA SN 1598-2254 J9 PLANT PATHOLOGY J JI Plant Pathol. J. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 28 IS 2 BP 197 EP 201 DI 10.5423/PPJ.OA.02.2012.0027 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 953RG UT WOS:000304889800009 ER PT J AU Garcia, GM Vanderlinden, K Pachepsky, Y Cervera, JVG Perez, AJE AF Martinez Garcia, Gonzalo Vanderlinden, Karl Pachepsky, Yakov Giraldez Cervera, Juan Vicente Espejo Perez, Antonio Jesus TI Estimating Topsoil Water Content of Clay Soils With Data From Time-Lapse Electrical Conductivity Surveys SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Soil-water content; apparent electrical conductivity; multiple linear regressions; time-lapse surveys; vertisol ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-INDUCTION; FIELD-SCALE; AGRICULTURE; PATTERNS AB Spatial estimation of soil-water content (theta) at the field, hillslope, or catchment scale is required in numerous applications. Time-lapse electrical resistivity and apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) surveys are recognized as a useful source of information about both spatial variations in theta and spatial differences in soil properties. The objective of this work was to test the hypothesis that the accuracy of the regression relationships between theta and collocated ECa survey data can be improved for any given time if several time-lapse ECa surveys rather than a single ECa survey are used. Vertisol plots under conventional tillage and direct drilling were surveyed for gravimetric theta (theta(g)) in the top 0.3-m layer at 17 times and for topsoil ECa at 13 times in 2008 through 2010. Both dry and wet periods were covered by the surveys. On four occasions, theta(g) and ECa surveys were done on the same day. Only weak correlations (with R-2 < 0.21) were found between ECa and theta(g) measured on the same day. The accuracy of regression predictions of theta(g) substantially improved when data of several ECa surveys, rather than a single survey, were used. Therefore, the knowledge about the temporal variability in soil properties, as captured by the time-lapse ECa data, can improve the estimation of spatial variability in soil properties affecting soil-water content. C1 [Martinez Garcia, Gonzalo; Vanderlinden, Karl] Ctr Torres Tomejil, Andalusian Inst Agrarian Res & Training Fisheries, Seville 41200, Spain. [Martinez Garcia, Gonzalo; Pachepsky, Yakov] USDA, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Giraldez Cervera, Juan Vicente; Espejo Perez, Antonio Jesus] Univ Cordoba, Dept Agron, Madrid, Spain. [Giraldez Cervera, Juan Vicente] CSIC, Inst Agr Sostenible, Madrid, Spain. RP Garcia, GM (reprint author), Ctr Torres Tomejil, Andalusian Inst Agrarian Res & Training Fisheries, Ctra Sevilla Cazalla Km 12-2, Seville 41200, Spain. EM z42magag@uco.es RI Vanderlinden, Karl/B-5410-2008; Martinez Garcia, Gonzalo/E-3069-2013; OI Vanderlinden, Karl/0000-0002-2396-7965; Martinez Garcia, Gonzalo/0000-0001-5575-9397; Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 FU Junta de Andalucia [AGR-4782]; Andalusian Institute of Agrarian Research and Training, Fisheries, Food and Organic Production; Andalusian Operational Program of the European Social Fund; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [AGL2009-12936-C03-03, EX2009-0433, PR2010-0191] FX This study was funded by Junta de Andalucia Grants AGR-4782, Andalusian Institute of Agrarian Research and Training, Fisheries, Food and Organic Production and the Andalusian Operational Program of the European Social Fund 2007-2013, and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation Grants AGL2009-12936-C03-03, EX2009-0433, PR2010-0191. Trade names or commercial products do not imply recommendation or endorsement by the authors. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 22 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 177 IS 6 BP 369 EP 376 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e31824eda57 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 952RL UT WOS:000304809800002 ER PT J AU Panickar, KS Dawson, HD AF Panickar, Kiran S. Dawson, Harry D. TI Acute effects of all-trans-retinoic acid in ischemic injury SO TRANSLATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Vitamin A; Ischemia; Brain edema; Mitochondria; Free radical; Calcium ID ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; MITOCHONDRIAL PERMEABILITY TRANSITION; OXYGEN-GLUCOSE DEPRIVATION; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; BRAIN EDEMA; CULTURED ASTROCYTES; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CELL-DEATH AB All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) is a vitamin A derivative that is important in neuronal patterning, survival, and neurite outgrowth. Neuroprotective effects of ATRA in ischemia have been demonstrated but its effects on glial swelling are not known. We investigated the relatively acute effects of ATRA on cell swelling in ischemic injury and on key features hypothesized to contribute to cell swelling including increased reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), depolarization of the inner mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta I-m), and increased intracellular calcium ([Ca2+](i)). C6 glial cultures were subjected to 5 hr oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). ATRA was added to separate groups after the end of OGD. OGD increased cell volume by 43%, determined at 90 min after the end of OGD, but this increase was significantly attenuated by ATRA. OGD induced an increase in ROS/RNS production in the whole cell and mitochondria, as assessed by the fluorescent dyes CM-H(2)DCFDA and MitoTracker CM-H-2-XROS at the end of OGD. The increase in mitochondrial ROS, but not cellular ROS, was significantly attenuated by ATRA. OGD also induced a 67% decline in mitochondrial Delta I-m but this decline was significantly attenuated by ATRA. OGD-induced increase in [Ca2+](i) was also significantly attenuated by ATRA. Taken together with our previous results where calcium channel blockers reduced cell swelling, the effects of ATRA in attenuating swelling are possibly mediated through its effects in regulating [Ca2+](i). Considering the paucity of agents in attenuating brain edema in ischemia, ATRA has the potential to reduce brain edema and associated neural damage in ischemic injury. C1 [Panickar, Kiran S.; Dawson, Harry D.] ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Panickar, Kiran S.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Panickar, KS (reprint author), ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kiran.panickar@ars.usda.gov RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 FU USDA CRIS [1235-51000-055-00D]; Diabetes Action and Research Foundation FX Supported by USDA CRIS Project # 1235-51000-055-00D and a grant from the Diabetes Action and Research Foundation. NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU VERSITA PI WARSAW PA SOLIPSKA 14A-1, 02-482 WARSAW, POLAND SN 2081-3856 J9 TRANSL NEUROSCI JI Transl. Neurosci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 3 IS 2 BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.2478/s13380-012-0015-z PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 951CI UT WOS:000304697900004 ER PT J AU Xu, T Tripathi, SK Feng, Q Lorenz, MC Wright, MA Jacob, MR Mask, MM Baerson, SR Li, XC Clark, AM Agarwal, AK AF Xu, Tao Tripathi, Siddharth K. Feng, Qin Lorenz, Michael C. Wright, Marsha A. Jacob, Melissa R. Mask, Melanie M. Baerson, Scott R. Li, Xing-Cong Clark, Alice M. Agarwal, Ameeta K. TI A Potent Plant-Derived Antifungal Acetylenic Acid Mediates Its Activity by Interfering with Fatty Acid Homeostasis SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID ENCODING PEROXISOMAL PROTEINS; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; BETA-OXIDATION; YEAST; ELONGATION; METABOLISM; INHIBITION; BIOSYNTHESIS AB 6-Nonadecynoic acid (6-NDA), a plant-derived acetylenic acid, exhibits strong inhibitory activity against the human fungal pathogens Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. In the present study, transcriptional profiling coupled with mutant and biochemical analyses were conducted using the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to investigate its mechanism of action. 6-NDA elicited a transcriptome response indicative of fatty acid stress, altering the expression of genes that are required for yeast growth in the presence of oleate. Mutants of S. cerevisiae lacking transcription factors that regulate fatty acid beta-oxidation showed increased sensitivity to 6-NDA. Fatty acid profile analysis indicated that 6-NDA inhibited the formation of fatty acids longer than 14 carbons in length. In addition, the growth inhibitory effect of 6-NDA was rescued in the presence of exogenously supplied oleate. To investigate the response of a pathogenic fungal species to 6-NDA, transcriptional profiling and biochemical analyses were also conducted in C. albicans. The transcriptional response and fatty acid profile of C. albicans were comparable to those obtained in S. cerevisiae, and the rescue of growth inhibition with exogenous oleate was also observed in C. albicans. In a fluconazole-resistant clinical isolate of C. albicans, a fungicidal effect was produced when fluconazole was combined with 6-NDA. In hyphal growth assays, 6-NDA inhibited the formation of long hyphal filaments in C. albicans. Collectively, our results indicate that the antifungal activity of 6-NDA is mediated by a disruption in fatty acid homeostasis and that 6-NDA has potential utility in the treatment of superficial Candida infections. C1 [Xu, Tao; Tripathi, Siddharth K.; Feng, Qin; Wright, Marsha A.; Jacob, Melissa R.; Li, Xing-Cong; Clark, Alice M.; Agarwal, Ameeta K.] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Clark, Alice M.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. [Lorenz, Michael C.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Houston, TX USA. [Mask, Melanie M.; Baerson, Scott R.] USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, University, MS USA. RP Agarwal, AK (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. EM aagarwal@olemiss.edu RI Tripathi, Siddharth/B-5151-2009 OI Tripathi, Siddharth/0000-0002-4324-2814 FU Public Health Service, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [R01 AI27094, R21 AI67873]; USDA-ARS [58-6408-2-0009] FX This work was supported in part by grants from the Public Health Service, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, grant no. R01 AI27094 and R21 AI67873, and the USDA-ARS specific cooperative agreement no. 58-6408-2-0009. NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 56 IS 6 BP 2894 EP 2907 DI 10.1128/AAC.05663-11 PG 14 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 947LZ UT WOS:000304432800016 PM 22430960 ER PT J AU Folster, JP Pecic, G Rickert, R Taylor, J Zhao, S Fedorka-Cray, PJ Whichard, J McDermott, P AF Folster, Jason P. Pecic, G. Rickert, R. Taylor, J. Zhao, S. Fedorka-Cray, P. J. Whichard, J. McDermott, P. TI Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Heidelberg from a Ground Turkey-Associated Outbreak in the United States in 2011 SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Letter ID PLASMIDS C1 [Folster, Jason P.; Pecic, G.; Rickert, R.; Taylor, J.; Whichard, J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Zhao, S.; McDermott, P.] US FDA, Div Anim & Food Microbiol, Res Off, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD USA. [Fedorka-Cray, P. J.] ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Folster, JP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gux8@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 56 IS 6 BP 3465 EP 3466 DI 10.1128/AAC.00201-12 PG 2 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 947LZ UT WOS:000304432800101 PM 22450975 ER PT J AU Thelen, JJ Miernyk, JA AF Thelen, Jay J. Miernyk, Jan A. TI The proteomic future: where mass spectrometry should be taking us SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE label-free; mass spectrometry; post-translational modification; protein interaction; proteogenomics; proteomics ID PROTEIN-INTERACTION NETWORKS; HIGH-THROUGHPUT PROTEOMICS; AFFINITY PURIFICATION; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; QUANTITATIVE PROTEOMICS; PEPTIDE QUANTIFICATION; PHOSPHORYLATION ANALYSIS; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; PROTEOGENOMICS; ARABIDOPSIS AB A newcomer to the -omics era, proteomics, is a broad instrument-intensive research area that has advanced rapidly since its inception less than 20 years ago. Although the 'wet-bench' aspects of proteomics have undergone a renaissance with the improvement in protein and peptide separation techniques, including various improvements in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and gel-free or off-gel protein focusing, it has been the seminal advances in MS that have led to the ascension of this field. Recent improvements in sensitivity, mass accuracy and fragmentation have led to achievements previously only dreamed of, including whole-proteome identification, and quantification and extensive mapping of specific PTMs (post-translational modifications). With such capabilities at present, one might conclude that proteomics has already reached its zenith; however, 'capability' indicates that the envisioned goals have not yet been achieved. In the present review we focus on what we perceive as the areas requiring more attention to achieve the improvements in workflow and instrumentation that will bridge the gap between capability and achievement for at least most proteomes and PTMs. Additionally, it is essential that we extend our ability to understand protein structures, interactions and localizations. Towards these ends, we briefly focus on selected methods and research areas where we anticipate the next wave of proteomic advances. C1 [Thelen, Jay J.; Miernyk, Jan A.] Univ Missouri, Plant Genet Res Unit, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Thelen, Jay J.; Miernyk, Jan A.] Univ Missouri, Interdisciplinary Plant Grp, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Miernyk, Jan A.] Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Miernyk, JA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Plant Genet Res Unit, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM MiernykJ@ars.usda.gov FU NSF; ILSI-Health Environmental Science Institute; USDA; Agricultural Research Service; Nichols Foundation FX Work in the laboratory of J.J.T. is supported by the NSF and ILSI-Health Environmental Science Institute. Work in the J.A.M. laboratory is supported by the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, NSF, and the Nichols Foundation. NR 169 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 68 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA CHARLES DARWIN HOUSE, 12 ROGER STREET, LONDON WC1N 2JU, ENGLAND SN 0264-6021 EI 1470-8728 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 444 BP 169 EP 181 DI 10.1042/BJ20110363 PN 2 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 950IQ UT WOS:000304643200002 PM 22574775 ER PT J AU Cosman, F Dawson-Hughes, B Wan, XH Krege, JH AF Cosman, Felicia Dawson-Hughes, Bess Wan, Xiaohai Krege, John H. TI Changes in vitamin D metabolites during teriparatide treatment SO BONE LA English DT Article DE Teriparatide; 25-hydroxyvitamin D; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; Vitamin D; Osteoporosis ID PARATHYROID-HORMONE 1-34; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; BONE; OSTEOPOROSIS; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D; THERAPY; DENSITY; MEN AB Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases the conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] to 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)(2)D]. The purpose of this study was to assess the changes in serum concentration of vitamin D metabolites 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)(2)D] and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] during teriparatide 20 mu g/day (teriparatide) therapy in the double-blind Fracture Prevention Trial of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and in the male study of men with osteoporosis. Patients were randomized to teriparatide or placebo and received daily supplements of calcium 1000 mg and vitamin D 400-1200IU. Serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)(2)D and 25(OH)D were measured. In women (N = 336), median 1,25 (OH)(2)D concentrations at 1 month increased from baseline by 27% (P < 0.0001) in the teriparatide group versus -3% (P = 0.87) in the placebo group (between group P < 0.0001). At 12 months, the increase was 19% (P < 0.0001) in the teriparatide group versus 2% (P = 0.23) in the placebo group (P < 0.0001). Median 25(OH)D concentrations at 12 months decreased by 19% (P < 0.0001) in the teriparatide group versus 0% (P = 0.13) in the placebo group (P < 0.0001). In men (N = 287), median 1,25(OH)(2)D concentrations at 1 month increased by 22% (P < 0.0001) in the teriparatide group versus 0% (P = 0.99) in the placebo group (P < 0.0001). At 12 months, the increase was 14% (P < 0.0001) in the teriparatide group versus 5% (P = 0.004) in the placebo group (P = 0.17). Median 25(OH)D concentrations at 12 months decreased by 11% (P = 0.001) in the teriparatide group versus an increase of 1% (P = 0.20) in the placebo group (P = 0.003). Therefore, treatment with teriparatide increases 1,25(OH)(2)D concentrations and decreases 25(OH)D concentrations. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Cosman, Felicia] Helen Hayes Hosp, Clin Res Ctr, W Haverstraw, NY 10993 USA. [Cosman, Felicia] Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Dawson-Hughes, Bess] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Wan, Xiaohai; Krege, John H.] Lilly USA LLC, Lilly Corp Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. RP Cosman, F (reprint author), Helen Hayes Hosp, Clin Res Ctr, W Haverstraw, NY 10993 USA. EM cosmanf@helenhayeshosp.org; Bess.Dawson-Hughes@tufts.edu; wan_xiaohai@lilly.com; krege_john_henry@lilly.com FU Novartis; Amgen; Lilly; Merck; Eli Lilly FX Cosman is a grant recipient and/or consultant/speaker for Novartis, Amgen, Lilly, and Merck; Dawson-Hughes is a consultant for Cytochroma, Lilly, Merck, Pfizer, Servier, and Wright Medical Technology; Wan and Krege are employed by and have financial interest in Eli Lilly and Company. The studies were funded and conducted by Eli Lilly. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD JUN PY 2012 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1368 EP 1371 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2012.02.635 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 948LC UT WOS:000304503700021 PM 22426307 ER PT J AU Yorulmaz, O Pearson, TC Cetin, AE AF Yorulmaz, Onur Pearson, Tom C. Cetin, A. Enis TI Detection of fungal damaged popcorn using image property covariance features SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Covariance features; Correlation features; Image processing; Fungus detection on popcorn kernels; SVM ID RECOGNITION; INSPECTION AB Covariance-matrix-based features were applied to the detection of popcorn infected by a fungus that causes a symptom called "blue-eye". This infection of popcorn kernels causes economic losses due to the kernels' poor appearance and the frequently disagreeable flavor of the popped kernels. Images of kernels were obtained to distinguish damaged from undamaged kernels using image-processing techniques. Features for distinguishing blue-eye-damaged from undamaged popcorn kernel images were extracted from covariance matrices computed using various image pixel properties. The covariance matrices were formed using different property vectors that consisted of the image coordinate values, their intensity values and the first and second derivatives of the vertical and horizontal directions of different color channels. Support Vector Machines (SVM) were used for classification purposes. An overall recognition rate of 96.5% was achieved using these covariance based features. Relatively low false positive values of 2.4% were obtained which is important to reduce economic loss due to healthy kernels being discarded as fungal damaged. The image processing method is not computationally expensive so that it could be implemented in real-time sorting systems to separate damaged popcorn or other grains that have textural differences. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yorulmaz, Onur; Cetin, A. Enis] Bilkent Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. [Pearson, Tom C.] USDA ARS CGAHR, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Yorulmaz, O (reprint author), Bilkent Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. EM yorulmazonur@gmail.com NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 EI 1872-7107 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 84 BP 47 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2012.02.012 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 948QE UT WOS:000304516900006 ER PT J AU Han, WG Yang, ZW Di, LP Mueller, R AF Han, Weiguo Yang, Zhengwei Di, Liping Mueller, Richard TI CropScape: A Web service based application for exploring and disseminating US conterminous geospatial cropland data products for decision support SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Cropland Data Layer; Land cover; Spatial-temporal analysis; Geospatial raster database; Web geoprocessing service; On-demand statistics ID AGRICULTURE AB The Cropland Data Layer (CDL) contains crop and other specific land cover classifications obtained using remote sensing for the conterminous United States. This raster-formatted and geo-referenced product has been widely used in such applications as disaster assessments, land cover and land use research. agricultural sustainability studies, and agricultural production decision-making. The traditional CDL data distribution channels include paper thematic maps, email data requests, CD/DVD media, and ftp bulk downloading. To effectively and efficiently meet the growing needs of our customers, CropScape (the name invented for a new interactive Web CDL exploring system) was developed to query, visualize, disseminate, and analyze CDL data geospatially through standard geospatial Web services in a publicly accessible online environment. CropScape not only offers the online functionalities of interactive map operations, data customization and downloading, crop acreage statistics, charting and graphing, and multitemporal change analysis as well in an interoperable manner, but also provides Web geoprocessing services such as automatic data delivery and on-demand crop statistics for uses in other applications. This system delivers dynamic user experiences with its comprehensive capabilities in an open geospatial context, and facilitates delivery and analysis of geospatial cropland information for decision support and various research endeavors. More than 17,000 users around the world have visited CropScape in its first 5 months of availability. (C) 2012 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved. C1 [Han, Weiguo; Di, Liping] George Mason Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Yang, Zhengwei; Mueller, Richard] Natl Agr Stat Serv, USDA, Div Res & Dev, Spatial Anal Res Sect, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Han, WG (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Syst, 4400 Univ Dr,MS 6E1, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM whan@gmu.edu RI Yang, Zhengwei/A-1649-2013; Han, Weiguo/N-1791-2014 OI Han, Weiguo/0000-0002-2760-0909 FU USDA, NASS [58-3AEU-0-0067] FX The authors would like to thank Mr. Thomas C. Sallee for providing the Missouri flood example, and Mr. David Johnson for preparing the Missouri flood images. The authors also would like to thank graduate research assistants, Ms. Chuming Peng and Mr. Ali L Yagci, for their help in making the demo video and processing vector data for the CropScape website, Drs. Wenli Yang, Meixia Deng, and Peisheng Zhao for their sound advice, and Dr. Barry Schlesinger for proofreading this manuscript. George Mason University's participation in this project was supported by a Grant from USDA, NASS (Grant #: 58-3AEU-0-0067, PI: Prof. Liping Di). The authors appreciate the efforts of the two anonymous reviewers and their useful comments and suggestions. NR 38 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 7 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 84 BP 111 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2012.03.005 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 948QE UT WOS:000304516900014 ER PT J AU Ness, SL Peters-Kennedy, J Schares, G Dubey, JP Mittel, LD Mohammed, HO Bowman, DD Felippe, MJB Wade, SE Shultz, N Divers, TJ AF Ness, SallyAnne L. Peters-Kennedy, Jeanine Schares, Gereon Dubey, Jitender P. Mittel, Linda D. Mohammed, Hussni O. Bowman, Dwight D. Felippe, M. Julia B. Wade, Susan E. Shultz, Nicole Divers, Thomas J. TI Investigation of an outbreak of besnoitiosis in donkeys in northeastern Pennsylvania SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID REINDEER RANGIFER-TARANDUS; BOVINE BESNOITIOSIS; INFECTED CATTLE; APICOMPLEXA; PROTOZOA; ULTRASTRUCTURE; REDESCRIPTION; BRADYZOITES; TACHYZOITES; BENNETTI AB Objective-To describe the clinical, endoscopic, and serologic features of an outbreak of besnoitiosis in 2 donkey operations in northeastern Pennsylvania and to report the outcome of attempted treatment of 1 naturally infected individual. Design-Observational study. Animals-29 donkeys (Equus asinus) in northeastern Pennsylvania. Procedures-Donkeys were examined for lesions suggestive of besnoitiosis in an outbreak investigation. Information was collected regarding the history and signalment of animals on each premises. Rhinolaryngoscopy was performed to identify nasopharyngeal and laryngeal lesions. Serum samples were collected for immunofluorescent antibody testing and immunoblotting for Besnoitia spp. Skin biopsy samples were obtained from 8 animals with lesions suggestive of besnoitiosis for histologic examination. Quantitative real-time PCR assay for Besnoitia spp was performed on tissue samples from 5 animals. Results-Besnoitiosis was confirmed in 6 of the 8 suspected cases. The most common lesion site was the nares, followed by the skin and sclera. Donkeys with clinical signs of disease had higher serum antibody titers and tested positive for a greater number of immunoblot bands than did donkeys without clinical signs of disease. All animals evaluated by PCR assay tested positive. Putative risk factors for disease included age and sex. Ponazuril was not effective at treating besnoitiosis in a naturally infected donkey. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Knowledge of clinical and serologic features of besnoitiosis in donkeys will assist clinicians in the diagnosis and prevention of this disease in donkey populations. Besnoitiosis may be an emerging disease of donkeys in the United States. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012;240:1329-1337) C1 [Ness, SallyAnne L.; Felippe, M. Julia B.; Divers, Thomas J.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Peters-Kennedy, Jeanine] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Mittel, Linda D.; Mohammed, Hussni O.; Wade, Susan E.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bowman, Dwight D.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Schares, Gereon] Friedrich Loeffler Inst, Fed Res Inst Anim Hlth, Inst Epidemiol, D-16868 Wusterhausen, Germany. [Dubey, Jitender P.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ness, SL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM san56@cornell.edu NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 240 IS 11 BP 1329 EP 1337 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 948KD UT WOS:000304501200019 PM 22607601 ER PT J AU Boddicker, N Waide, EH Rowland, RRR Lunney, JK Garrick, DJ Reecy, JM Dekkers, JCM AF Boddicker, N. Waide, E. H. Rowland, R. R. R. Lunney, J. K. Garrick, D. J. Reecy, J. M. Dekkers, J. C. M. TI Evidence for a major QTL associated with host response to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus challenge SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic parameters; genomic regions; porcine; reproductive and respiratory syndrome; swine ID COMMERCIAL SOWS; TRAITS; PIGS; INFECTION; PRRS; PERFORMANCE; CARCASS; DISEASE; GROWTH; GENES AB Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) causes decreased reproductive performance in breeding animals and increased respiratory problems in growing animals, which result in significant economic losses in the swine industry. Vaccination has generally not been effective in the prevention of PRRS, partially because of the rapid mutation rate and evolution of the virus. The objective of the current study was to discover the genetic basis of host resistance or susceptibility to the PRRS virus through a genome-wide association study using data from the PRRS Host Genetics Consortium PRRS-CAP project. Three groups of approximately 190 commercial crossbred pigs from 1 breeding company were infected with PRRS virus between 18 and 28 d of age. Blood samples and BW were collected up to 42 d post infection (DPI). Pigs were genotyped with the Illumina Porcine 60k Beadchip. Whole-genome analysis focused on viremia at each day blood was collected and BW gains from 0 to 21 DPI (WG21) or 42 DPI (WG42). Viral load (VL) was quantified as area under the curve from 0 to 21 DPI. Heritabilities for WG42 and VL were moderate at 0.30 and litter accounted for an additional 14% of phenotypic variation. Genomic regions associated with VL were found on chromosomes 4 and X and on 1, 4, 7, and 17 for WG42. The 1-Mb region identified on chromosome 4 influenced both WG and VL, exhibited strong linkage disequilibrium, and explained 15.7% of the genetic variance for VL and 11.2% for WG42. Despite a genetic correlation of -0.46 between VL and WG42, genomic EBV for this region were favorably and nearly perfectly correlated. The favorable allele for the most significant SNP in this region had a frequency of 0.16 and estimated allele substitution effects were significant (P < 0.01) for each group when the SNP was fitted as a fixed covariate in a model that included random polygenic effects with overall estimates of -4.1 units for VL (phenotypic SD = 6.9) and 2.0 kg (phenotypic SD = 3 kg) for WG42. Candidate genes in this region on SSC4 include the interferon induced guanylate-binding protein gene family. In conclusion, host response to experimental PRRS virus challenge has a strong genetic component, and a QTL on chromosome 4 explains a substantial proportion of the genetic variance in the studied population. These results could have a major impact in the swine industry by enabling marker-assisted selection to reduce the impact of PRRS but need to be validated in additional populations. C1 [Boddicker, N.; Waide, E. H.; Garrick, D. J.; Reecy, J. M.; Dekkers, J. C. M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Rowland, R. R. R.] Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Lunney, J. K.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Garrick, D. J.] Massey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RP Dekkers, JCM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jdekkers@iastate.edu OI Garrick, Dorian/0000-0001-8640-5372 FU USDA NIFA PRRS CAP [2008-55620-19132]; National Pork Board; NRSP-8; USDA ARS; Kansas State University; Iowa State University; Michigan State University; Washington State University; Purdue University; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; PIC/Genus; Newsham Choice Genetics; Fast Genetics; Genetiporc, Inc.; Genesus, Inc.; PigGen Canada, Inc.; IDEXX Laboratories; Tetracore, Inc. FX This project was supported by the USDA NIFA PRRS CAP Award 2008-55620-19132, the National Pork Board, and the NRSP-8 Swine Genome and Bioinformatics Coordination projects, and the PRRS Host Genetics Consortium consisting of USDA ARS, Kansas State University, Iowa State University, Michigan State University, Washington State University, Purdue University, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, PIC/Genus, Newsham Choice Genetics, Fast Genetics, Genetiporc, Inc., Genesus, Inc., PigGen Canada, Inc., IDEXX Laboratories and Tetracore, Inc. The authors acknowledge technical assistance from Juan Pedro Steibel for the algorithm to compute area under the curve; Max Rothschild for assistance with genotyping, Nader Deeb for assistance with data and analysis; Eric Fritz for database management; Anna Wolc and Dinesh Thekkoot for statistical assistance; the lab of Bob Rowland, specifically Becky Eaves, Maureen Kerrigan, Ben Trible, Jessica Otradovec, Brooke Bloomberg, Aubree Gottlob, Laura O'Brien, and Ranjini Chand for animal care and sample collection; and the lab of Joan Lunney, specifically Samuel Abrams and Amber Tietgens for preparation of all genomic DNA samples for SNP genotyping. NR 36 TC 54 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 41 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1733 EP 1746 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4464 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 949UH UT WOS:000304601000001 PM 22205662 ER PT J AU Gunter, SA AF Gunter, S. A. TI RUMINANT NUTRITION SYMPOSIUM: Modulation of metabolism through nutrition and management SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARS, USDA, So Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. RP Gunter, SA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. EM Stacey.Gunter@ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1833 EP 1834 DI 10.2527/jas.2012-5146 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 949UH UT WOS:000304601000011 PM 22307483 ER PT J AU Schutz, JS Carroll, JA Gasbarre, LC Shelton, TA Nordstrom, ST Hutcheson, JP Van Campen, H Engle, TE AF Schutz, J. S. Carroll, J. A. Gasbarre, L. C. Shelton, T. A. Nordstrom, S. T. Hutcheson, J. P. Van Campen, H. Engle, T. E. TI Effects of gastrointestinal parasites on parasite burden, rectal temperature, and antibody titer responses to vaccination and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus challenge SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ruminant Nutrition Symposium CY JUL 10-14, 2011 CL New Orleans, LA DE calf; gastrointestinal parasite; immunity; titer; vaccination ID OSTERTAGIA-OSTERTAGI; CATTLE; NEMATODES; EFFICACY; FEEDLOT AB Thirty-three colostrum-deprived Holstein bull calves (initial BW of 131 +/- 4 kg) were used to determine the effect of timing of anthelmintic administration relative to vaccination on antibody titer response to vaccine component antigens. When calves were at least 3 mo of age, they were sorted randomly into individual pens and assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups, treatments consisted of 1) dewormed 2 wk before vaccination (DPV), 2) dewormed at the time of vaccination (DV), or 3) control, vaccinated but not dewormed (CONT). All calves were inoculated with infective larvae of brown stomach worms (Ostertagia ostertagi) and intestinal worms (Cooperia spp.) on d 1, 7, 10, 14, and 18 for a total dose of 235,710 infective larvae per calf. Calves (DPV and DV) were dewormed on d 21 or 35 with a 10% fenbendazole suspension at 5 mg/kg of BW. On d 35, all calves were vaccinated with a modified-live virus respiratory vaccine containing IBRV (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus), BVDV-1 (bovine viral diarrhea virus genotype 1), BVDV-2 (BVDV genotype 2), PI-3 (parainfluenza-3), and BRSV (bovine respiratory syncytial virus). During the 103-d experiment, weekly fecal egg counts, blood, and rectal temperatures were collected and health status was recorded daily. Blood samples were obtained weekly to determine serum neutralizing (SN) antibody titers to IBRV, BVDV-1, BVDV-2, and PI-3 and cytokine levels for IL-4, IL-6, TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor-alpha), and IFN-gamma (interferon-gamma). There was a tendency (P < 0.09) for CONT calves to have greater IL-4 concentrations. By design, control calves had greater (P < 0.01) fecal egg counts during the experiment. All calves developed antibody titers to IBRV, BVDV-1, BVDV-2, and PI-3 by d 15 postvaccination. On d 88, all calves were challenged with IBRV and blood samples were obtained on d 88, 89, 90, 93, 95, 98, 99, and 103. All calves had increased rectal temperatures during the final 7 d of the IBRV challenge. However, the CONT group had greater (P < 0.01) rectal temperatures on each sampling day except d 90 compared with the DPV and DV treatments. Therefore, deworming before or at vaccination reduced parasite burden and decreased rectal temperature increase after an IBRV challenge. Deworming strategy had no effect on antibody response to vaccination or IBRV challenge. C1 [Schutz, J. S.; Engle, T. E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Carroll, J. A.] ARS, USDA, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Gasbarre, L. C.] USDA ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Shelton, T. A.; Nordstrom, S. T.; Hutcheson, J. P.] Intervet Schering Plough Anim Hlth, De Soto, KS 66018 USA. [Van Campen, H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Engle, TE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Terry.Engle@colostate.edu FU Colorado State University; Agriculture Experiment Station; Intervet Inc. (Millsboro, DE) FX The use of trade names in this publication does not imply endorsement by Colorado State University or criticism of similar products not mentioned. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by Colorado State University, the USDA, or the authors, and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. This research was supported in part by grants from the Colorado State University, Agriculture Experiment Station, and Intervet Inc. (Millsboro, DE). NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1948 EP 1954 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4059 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 949UH UT WOS:000304601000024 PM 22648753 ER PT J AU Coleman, SW Chase, CC Phillips, WA Riley, DG Olson, TA AF Coleman, S. W. Chase, C. C., Jr. Phillips, W. A. Riley, D. G. Olson, T. A. TI Evaluation of tropically adapted straightbred and crossbred cattle: Postweaning gain and feed efficiency when finished in a temperate climate SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ruminant Nutrition Symposium CY JUL 10-14, 2011 CL New Orleans, LA DE Brahman; feed efficiency; genetic effects; postweaning body weight gain; Romosinuano; tropical adaptation ID BRAHMAN X ANGUS; BEEF-CATTLE; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; BODY-COMPOSITION; GROWTH TRAITS; ZEBU CATTLE; HIP HEIGHT; STEERS; PERFORMANCE; HEREFORD AB Beef cows in the subtropical USA must be adapted to the stressors of the environment, typically supplied by using Brahman (Br) breeding. Calves produced in the region, however, are usually grown and finished in more temperate regions, and have a perceived reputation for poor ADG and feed efficiency during finishing. Compromised fertility and carcass quality often associated with the Br have increased interest in tropically adapted Bos taurus breed types. The objective of this study was to evaluate 3 breeds [An = Angus (Bos taurus, temperate); Br (B. indicus, tropical); and Ro = Romosinuano (B. taurus, tropical)] and all possible crosses during various segments of post-weaning growth, and for feed efficiency during the finishing phase. Steer calves (n = 473) born over 3 yr were weaned in late September, backgrounded for at least 21 d (BKG), shipped 2,025 km to El Reno, OK, in October, fed a preconditioning diet for 28 d (RCV), grazed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) pasture from November to May (WHT), finished on a conventional feedlot diet (FIN), and serially harvested after approximately 95, 125, and 150 d on feed. Body weight and ADG during each segment were tested using a mixed model that included calf age at weaning, year (Y), breed of sire (SB), breed of dam (DB), and interactions. In addition, winter treatment (continuous wheat or reduced grazing of wheat with supplement) was included for the wheat and feedlot phases. Sire within SB x SB [ and pen (barn x year) for feedlot phase] were considered random. The SB x DB interaction was significant for all traits (P < 0.01) except exit velocity taken at weaning and ADG during FIN, but both traits were affected by 3-way interactions with Y or harvest group. Tropically-adapted purebred steers had greater (P < 0.01) ADG than AnAn through weaning and BKG in FL but the reverse was true during the RCV and WHT segments. Similar, but less pronounced results were noted for F-1 steers with 100% tropical influence compared with those with only 50%. Heterosis was numerically greater for most traits for An x Br (11 to 64%) compared with An x Ro and Br x Ro (3 to 42%), which were similar. In a subset of the steers (n = 261), G: F was not influenced by level of tropical breeding, but tropically adapted steers were more efficient (P < 0.05) by residual feed intake. No heterosis was evident. These data show that in temperate zones, winter is the period when productivity of tropically adapted cattle is compromised. C1 [Coleman, S. W.; Chase, C. C., Jr.; Riley, D. G.] ARS, USDA, SubTrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL USA. [Coleman, S. W.; Phillips, W. A.] ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Olson, T. A.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Coleman, SW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM sam.coleman@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1955 EP 1965 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4182 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 949UH UT WOS:000304601000025 PM 22247114 ER PT J AU Richeson, JT Kegley, EB Powell, JG Beck, PA Vander Ley, BL Ridpath, JF AF Richeson, J. T. Kegley, E. B. Powell, J. G. Beck, P. A. Vander Ley, B. L. Ridpath, J. F. TI Weaning management of newly received beef calves with or without continuous exposure to a persistently infected bovine viral diarrhea virus pen mate: Effects on health, performance, bovine viral diarrhea virus titers, and peripheral blood leukocytes SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ruminant Nutrition Symposium CY JUL 10-14, 2011 CL New Orleans, LA DE bovine respiratory disease; bovine viral diarrhea virus; preconditioning ID SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; FEEDLOT CATTLE; FEEDER CALVES; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; CORTISOL; SUBGENOTYPES; PREVALENCE; PROTECTION; CHALLENGE AB Exposure to animals persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) results in immunomodulation of cohorts that may have health and growth consequences; however, effects may differ in low-risk, preconditioned (PC) vs. high-risk, auction market (AM) beef cattle. Our objective was to compare health and performance of PC or AM management systems with (PI) or without (CON) presence of a PI-BVDV pen mate using a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Four shipment blocks of crossbred PC steers (n = 236) from 3 ranch-origins were weaned, dewormed, vaccinated, tested for PI-BVDV, and kept on the ranch for >= 42 d. Subsequently, PC steers were transported to a stocker receiving unit (RU), weighed (251 +/- 2 kg), blood sampled, stratified by d -1 BW, and assigned randomly to treatment (PCPI or PCCON) with no additional processing. Simultaneously, 4 blocks of crossbred AM calves (n = 292) were assembled from regional auction markets and transported to the RU +/- 36 h from PC arrival. The AM calves were weighed (245 +/- 1.3 kg), stratified by gender and d -1 BW, processed under the same regimen used for PC steers at their origin ranch except bull calves were castrated, and then assigned randomly to treatment (AMPI or AMCON). Treatment pens (0.45 ha) were arranged spatially such that PI did not have fence-line or water source contact with CON. Calves were fed identically and followed the same antibiotic treatment protocol. Daily BW gain for the entire 42-d receiving trial was greater (P < 0.001) for PC (1.2 kg) compared with AM (0.85 kg). There was an exposure effect (P = 0.002) on ADG from d 28 to 42; CON gained 1.12 kg vs. 0.90 kg BW for PI cohort. Morbidity was markedly greater (P < 0.001) in AM (70%) vs. PC (7%), resulting in (P < 0.001) an antibiotic treatment cost of $20.52 and $2.48/animal, respectively. Treatment with a third antibiotic occurred more often (P = 0.04) for PI cohort, and the percentage of chronically ill cattle was greatest (P = 0.06) for AMPI. Upon arrival, BVDV type 1a, 1b, and 2a titers were greater for PC (treatment x day, P < 0.001), and the percentage seropositive to BVDV type 1a on d 0 was 100% for PC vs. 23% in AM. Platelets increased transiently (P < 0.001) with greater platelets observed in AM (P < 0.001). Results indicate that PC calves gain faster and require fewer antibiotic treatments during the receiving period. Exposure to PI reduced BW gain from d 28 to 42, increased the number of calves treated thrice, and increased chronically ill cattle for AM. C1 [Richeson, J. T.; Kegley, E. B.; Powell, J. G.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Beck, P. A.] Univ Arkansas, SW Res & Extens Ctr, Hope, AR 71801 USA. [Vander Ley, B. L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Preventat Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ridpath, J. F.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Kegley, EB (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM ekegley@uark.edu NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1972 EP 1985 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4077 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 949UH UT WOS:000304601000027 PM 22648754 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ Taylor, JB AF Smith, D. J. Taylor, J. B. TI Kinetics and disposition of orally dosed sodium chlorate in sheep SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ruminant Nutrition Symposium CY JUL 10-14, 2011 CL New Orleans, LA DE excretion; gastrointestinal tract; milk; pharmacokinetics; sheep; sodium chlorate ID TOTAL RADIOACTIVE RESIDUES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; BEEF-CATTLE; PARENT CHLORATE; DRINKING-WATER; PRODUCT; COLONIZATION; SUPPLEMENTATION; CONTAMINATION; POPULATIONS AB Experiments were conducted in sheep to determine excretory characteristics of sodium chlorate after a single oral dose. In Exp. 1, lambs (n = 16; age = 8.1 +/- 1.7 d; BW = 8.2 +/- 1.1 kg; mean +/- SD) were dosed orally with 0, 30, 60, or 90 mg/kg BW of sodium chlorate. Twenty-four hours after exposure chlorate residues were dose dependent (P < 0.05) in small intestinal contents, serum, and urine, but chlorate residues were not consistently detected in cecal or colonic contents. In Exp. 2, non-pregnant yearling ewes (BW = 74.8 +/- 5.6 kg; mean +/- SD) were orally dosed with 0, 150, 300, or 450 mg/kg BW of sodium chlorate. Across dose, chlorate residues averaged from 47 to 114, 0.6 to 4.5, and were not detectable to 0.2 mu g/mL at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, in serum of treated animals; in feces, residues averaged 29 to 82, 0.8 to 14, and were not detectable to 1.2 mu g/mL at the same respective time periods. In Exp. 3, six lactating ewes (BW = 76.3 +/- 8.0 kg) were dosed orally with 450 mg/kg BW of sodium chlorate; residues were measured in serum, milk, urine and feces in periods encompassing 0 to 8, 8 to 16, 16 to 24, 24 to 32, 32 to 40, and 40 to 48 h. Chlorate residues in milk were detectable at all time periods with concentrations averaging from 287 +/- 67 to 26 +/- 13 mu g/mL during the first and last collection periods, respectively. Urine contained the greatest concentration of chlorate at each time point and averaged 480 +/- 268 mu g/mL at 40 to 48 h. Depletion half-lives in serum, milk, urine, and feces were estimated to be 6.2, 27, 19, and 10 h, respectively; milk, urinary and fecal half-lives are likely overestimated due to the fact that 8-h sample pools were used in half-life estimations. In Exp. 4, three wethers (BW = 87.1 +/- 5.3 kg) each were orally dosed with 14 or 42 mg/kg BW of sodium chlorate; blood samples were serially collected for 48 h, and urine samples were collected at 0 to 8, 8 to 16, 16 to 24, 24 to 36, and 36 to 48 h. Estimates of absorption and elimination half-lives based on serum chlorate concentrations were about 0.4 and 2.5 h, respectively. Urine collected during the 6 h immediately following dosing contained the greatest concentrations of chlorate residues relative to subsequent collection periods. Rapid removal of chlorate from the gastrointestinal lumen suggests that effects of chlorate on colonic and fecal gastrointestinal bacteria may occur through mechanisms other than direct luminal contact between microbe and chlorate salts. C1 [Smith, D. J.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Taylor, J. B.] USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Smith, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM david.j.smith@ars.usda.gov FU USDA ARS Northern Plains Area FX The able technical assistance of Dee Ellig, J. Michael Giddings, Jason Holthusen, Barb Magelky, Santana Nez, Rayanne Solano and Tonya M. Thelen is gratefully acknowledged. Internships of Ms. Nez and Ms. Solano were funded by the USDA ARS Northern Plains Area Native American Intern program. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 90 IS 6 BP 2026 EP 2034 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4741 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 949UH UT WOS:000304601000032 PM 22205670 ER PT J AU See, MJ Staggs, SE Dubey, JP Villegas, EN AF See, Mary J. Staggs, Sarah E. Dubey, J. P. Villegas, Eric N. TI Evaluation of four RNA extraction methods for gene expression analyses of Cryptosporidium parvum and Toxoplasma gondii oocysts SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; Toxoplasma gondii; Oocyst; mRNA isolation; Real-time PCR; Microarray ID MESSENGER-RNA; UNITED-STATES; MICROARRAY; EXCYSTATION; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; APICOMPLEXAN; OUTBREAKS; EIMERIA; QUALITY AB Cryptosporidium spp. and Toxoplasma gondii are important coccidian parasites that have caused waterborne and foodborne disease outbreaks worldwide. Techniques like subtractive hybridization, microarrays, and quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays have been used to understand the roles of specific genes in regulating life stage development and pathogenesis of these parasites. Key to the success of these approaches is isolating high quality messenger RNA (mRNA), which is particularly difficult with coccidian oocysts. Although commercial kits can provide high quality mRNA to study gene expressions in mammalian cells, their performances have not been thoroughly evaluated on oocysts. In this study, four RNA extraction kits: RiboPure-bacteria, MasterPure RNA, RNeasy micro, and TRIzol LS reagent kits were evaluated for their ability to isolate high quality mRNA. Results revealed that all four kits easily isolated total RNA from C. parvum oocysts. Analysis of total RNA quality as measured by RNA integrity number (RIN) showed sufficiently high quality values ranging from 8.4 to 9.8. However, genomic DNA (gDNA) contamination was present in all extracts. Additional DNase I treatment effectively removed gDNA contaminants, but partially degraded the RNA (RIN = 5.0-7.7). Total RNA isolations from T. gondii oocysts were also attempted and were partially successful, yielding RNA extracts sufficient for only RT-qPCR. Overall, the RNeasy micro kit with additional DNase I treatment was the most effective for extracting sufficiently high quality total RNA from C. parvum and T. gondii oocysts. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Staggs, Sarah E.; Villegas, Eric N.] US EPA, Biohazard Assessment Res Branch, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [See, Mary J.; Villegas, Eric N.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, McMicken Coll Arts & Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Dubey, J. P.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Villegas, EN (reprint author), US EPA, Biohazard Assessment Res Branch, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mailstop 587-26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM villegas.eric@epa.gov RI Villegas, Eric/A-7373-2015 OI Villegas, Eric/0000-0002-8059-8588 FU US Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX We would like to thank Michael Ware and Nichole Brinkman for critical reviews of the manuscript. US Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to the agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation by EPA for use. MJS and SES current addresses: Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Fellow, US EPA, Cincinnati, OH. Author contribution: MJS and SES, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript; JPD, provided reagents/materials; ENV, designed the experiments, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD JUN PY 2012 VL 89 IS 3 BP 185 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2012.03.010 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 948MG UT WOS:000304506700006 PM 22465221 ER PT J AU Livingstone, DS Freeman, B Motamayor, JC Schnell, RJ Royaert, S Takrama, J Meerow, AW Kuhn, DN AF Livingstone, Donald S., III Freeman, Barbie Motamayor, Juan Carlos Schnell, Raymond J. Royaert, Stefan Takrama, Jemmy Meerow, Alan W. Kuhn, David N. TI Optimization of a SNP assay for genotyping Theobroma cacao under field conditions SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE SNP; Cacao; Genotype; SSR; Parentage ID SYBR-GREEN-I; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; USEFUL GENETIC-MARKERS; WITCHES-BROOM DISEASE; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; L.; RESISTANCE; DISCOVERY; DNA AB The tropical tree crop Theobroma cacao L. is grown commercially for its beans, which are used in the production of cocoa butter and chocolate. Although the upper Amazon region is the center of origin for cacao, 70% of the world's supply of cacao beans currently comes from small farms in West Africa. While cacao breeding programs in producer nations are the source of improved planting material, modern marker-based breeding is difficult to perform due to the lack of genotyping facilities in these countries. While DNA extraction can be routinely performed, the equipment needed to analyze simple sequence repeats (SSRs) is seldom available, forcing the outsourcing of genotyping to foreign laboratories and delaying the breeding process. We describe a 5' nuclease (TaqMan)-based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay for genotyping cacao plants under conditions similar to those found in most cacao-producing areas. The assay was tested under field conditions by planting open pollinated seeds of seven pods from four different maternal plants. The resulting 171 seedlings were successfully genotyped with 18 SNP markers representing 12 loci. The ability to use temperature-stable reagents and rapid DNA extraction methods is also explored. Additionally, by examining the seedling genotypes for the SNP markers and 14 additional SSR markers, we investigated whether seeds in a pod are the result of single or multiple pollination events. This simple, effective method of genotyping cacao seedlings in the field should allow for more efficient resource management of seed gardens and is currently being implemented in Ghana. C1 [Livingstone, Donald S., III; Freeman, Barbie; Schnell, Raymond J.; Royaert, Stefan; Meerow, Alan W.; Kuhn, David N.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Motamayor, Juan Carlos] Mars Inc, Hackettstown, NJ 07840 USA. [Takrama, Jemmy] CRIG, Tafo, Ghana. RP Kuhn, DN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM David.Kuhn@ars.usda.gov FU MARS, Inc. FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Nancy Epsky and Dr. Paul Kendra for their discussions about midges and cacao pollination. The authors are also grateful to Mike Winterstein, Carol Lee, and Paul Kuhn for their assistance maintaining and planting the cacao seedlings used in this study. The authors would also like to thank MARS, Inc. for their continued financial support. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 30 IS 1 BP 33 EP 52 DI 10.1007/s11032-011-9596-4 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 950JT UT WOS:000304646100004 ER PT J AU Chen, ZY Brown, RL Menkir, A Cleveland, TE AF Chen, Zhi-Yuan Brown, Robert L. Menkir, Abebe Cleveland, Thomas E. TI Identification of resistance-associated proteins in closely-related maize lines varying in aflatoxin accumulation SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis; Corn; Protein profile comparison; Aflatoxin resistance; Antifungal protein; Stress-related protein ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ASPERGILLUS EAR ROT; KERNEL INFECTION; PROTEOME ANALYSIS; PLANT-GROWTH; CORN KERNELS; INBREDS B73; SNP MARKERS; FLAVUS; CONTAMINATION AB Aspergillus flavus infection of maize and subsequent contamination with carcinogenic aflatoxins poses serious health concerns, especially in developing countries. Maize lines resistant to A. flavus infection have been identified; however, the development of commercially-useful aflatoxin-resistant maize lines has been hindered due to a lack of breeding markers. To identify maize resistance-associated proteins (RAPs) as potential markers for breeding, 52 BC1S4 lines developed from crosses between five African maize inbreds and five temperate aflatoxin-resistant lines were screened using the kernel screening assay. Five pairs of closely-related lines that had 75-94% genetic similarity within each pair and which varied within each pair in aflatoxin accumulation were selected for proteomic investigation. Kernel embryo and endosperm protein profile differences within the pair and across pairs were compared using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Differentially expressed (a parts per thousand yen1.5-fold) RAPs were sequenced through tandem mass spectrometry and were identified as antifungal, stress-related, storage or regulatory proteins. Sequence homology analysis highlighted several proteins in maize that confer resistance to A. flavus infection and/or aflatoxin production. C1 [Brown, Robert L.; Cleveland, Thomas E.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. [Chen, Zhi-Yuan] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Menkir, Abebe] Int Inst Trop Agr, Ibadan, Nigeria. RP Brown, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM robert.brown@ars.usda.gov FU USDA [58-6435-6-055]; USDA-ARS; USDA National Research Initiative [2002-35201-12541] FX We thank Drs. Brian Scully and Marilyn Warburton for critical reviewing of the manuscript and Dr. Yurong Xie for technical assistance. Protein peptide sequencing using MALDI-TOF and ESI-MS/MS was performed at Protein Chemistry Core Facility, Baylor College of Medicine (Houston, TX, USA). This study was supported by USDA Cooperative Agreement 58-6435-6-055, the USDA-ARS Aflatoxin Elimination Workshop, and USDA National Research Initiative Competitive Grant 2002-35201-12541. NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 30 IS 1 BP 53 EP 68 DI 10.1007/s11032-011-9597-3 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 950JT UT WOS:000304646100005 ER PT J AU Georgi, L Herai, RH Vidal, R Carazzolle, MF Pereira, GG Polashock, J Vorsa, N AF Georgi, Laura Herai, Roberto H. Vidal, Ramon Carazzolle, Marcelo Falsarella Pereira, Goncalo Guimaraes Polashock, James Vorsa, Nicholi TI Cranberry microsatellite marker development from assembled next-generation genomic sequence SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Simple-sequence repeat (SSR); Cranberry genome; Ericaceae ID PHYTOCHEMICALS; VACCINIUM; GENETICS; UPDATE; PLANTS AB The large-fruited cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) is a native North American fruit that is a rich source of dietary phytochemicals with demonstrated and potential benefits for human health. Cranberry is a perennial, self-fertile 2n = 2x = 24 diploid, with a haploid genome size of about 570 Mbp. Present commercial cultivars are only a few breeding and selection cycles removed from their wild progenitors. With an irreducible minimum of 2 years per generation, and significant space and time requirements for phenotypic selection of traits of horticultural interest, genetic enhancement of cranberry could be facilitated by marker-assisted selection (MAS); however, the necessary resources, such as transcript or genomic sequences, molecular genetic markers, and genetic linkage maps, are not yet available. We have begun to generate these resources, starting with next-generation [sequencing by oligonucleotide ligation and detection (SOLiD) mate-paired] sequencing of an inbred cranberry clone, assembling the reads, and developing microsatellite markers from the assembled sequence. Evaluation of the resulting cranberry genomic microsatellite primers has provided a test of the accuracy of the sequence assembly and supplied much-needed molecular markers for a genetic linkage map of cranberry. Mapping these markers will permit sequence scaffolds to be anchored on the genetic map. C1 [Georgi, Laura; Vorsa, Nicholi] Rutgers State Univ, Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res & Extens, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. [Herai, Roberto H.; Vidal, Ramon; Carazzolle, Marcelo Falsarella; Pereira, Goncalo Guimaraes] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Lab Genom & Expressao, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Herai, Roberto H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, UCSD Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Vidal, Ramon] Lab Nacl Biociencias CNPEM ABTLuS, Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Carazzolle, Marcelo Falsarella] Univ Estadual Campinas, Ctr Nacl Processamento Alto Desempenho Sao Paulo, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Polashock, James] USDA ARS, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. RP Vorsa, N (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res & Extens, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. EM georgi@aesop.rutgers.edu; Vorsa@aesop.rutgers.edu RI Vidal, Ramon/C-3127-2011; Carazzolle, Marcelo Falsarella/C-6503-2012; OI herai, roberto/0000-0001-9885-2735 FU USDA SCRI [2008-51180-04878]; Ocean Spray Cranberries, Incorporated FX Funding for this work was provided by USDA SCRI grant number 2008-51180-04878, with additional funding from Ocean Spray Cranberries, Incorporated. We thank Dayani Stinson for technical support and Mark Diamond for assistance in manuscript preparation. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 30 IS 1 BP 227 EP 237 DI 10.1007/s11032-011-9613-7 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 950JT UT WOS:000304646100018 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Pinson, SRM Fjellstrom, RG Tabien, RE AF Wang, Y. Pinson, S. R. M. Fjellstrom, R. G. Tabien, R. E. TI Phenotypic gain from introgression of two QTL, qSB9-2 and qSB12-1, for rice sheath blight resistance SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Rice; QTL; Introgression lines; Sheath blight disease; Marker-assisted breeding ID RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; JAPONICA RICE; GERMPLASM; CULTIVARS; DENSITY; DISEASE; LINES AB F2:3 families from crosses between three rice indica introgression lines and their common japonica recurrent parent were used to evaluate two quantitative trait loci (QTL) for sheath blight (SB) resistance. Three selected TeQing-into-Lemont backcross introgression lines (TILs) were more resistant than their susceptible parent (Lemont) in inoculated field plots, and were molecularly verified to contain TeQing alleles at qSB9-2 and/or qSB12-1. F2 individuals homozygous for qSB9-2 and qSB12-1 provided F2:3 families that fit four genotypic classes: containing the resistant TeQing allele for qSB9-2 (TQ) alone, qSB12-1 (TQ) alone, both qSB9-2 (TQ) and qSB12-1 (TQ) , and neither SB QTL introgression. By comparing the SB resistance of these four genotypic classes in micro-chamber evaluations and inoculated field plots, the phenotypic values of the QTL were measured. Under both study conditions, disease resistance ranked qSB9-2 + qSB12-1 > qSB9-2 > qSB12-1 > no QTL, with both qSB9-2 and qSB12-1 acting as dominant resistance genes. In micro-chamber studies, qSB9-2 (TQ) reduced disease an average of 1.0 disease index units and qSB12-1 (TQ) by 0.7 using a scale of 0-9. Field effects of qSB9-2 (TQ) and qB12-1 (TQ) were less pronounced, with average phenotypic gains of 0.5 and 0.2 units, respectively. TIL:642 proved to contain qSB9-2 (TQ) in an introgression so small it was tagged by just RM205 on the tip of chromosome 9. These studies verify that the indica introgression of qSB9-2 (TQ) or qSB12-1 (TQ) can measurably improve resistance to sheath blight disease in a highly susceptible tropical japonica cultivar, and fine-mapped the qSB9-2 locus. Markers presently verified as linked to these QTL can support marker-assisted breeding to improve disease resistance. C1 [Pinson, S. R. M.; Fjellstrom, R. G.] USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. [Fjellstrom, R. G.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Wang, Y.; Tabien, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. [Wang, Y.] Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. RP Pinson, SRM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, 1509 Aggie Dr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. EM Shannon.Pinson@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service-National Research Initiative (USDA/CSREES) [2004 35317 14867] FX This research was supported in part by the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service-National Research Initiative-Applied Plant Genomics Program entitled "RiceCAP: A coordinated research, education, and extension project for the application of genomic discoveries to improve rice in the United States" (USDA/CSREES grant 2004 35317 14867). The authors thank Ms. Piper Roberts, pathology technician at the USDA-ARS Rice Research Unit, Beaumont, TX for field plot management and disease ratings. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 30 IS 1 BP 293 EP 303 DI 10.1007/s11032-011-9619-1 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 950JT UT WOS:000304646100023 ER PT J AU Bo, KL Song, H Shen, J Qian, CT Staub, JE Simon, PW Lou, QF Chen, JF AF Bo, Kailiang Song, Hui Shen, Jia Qian, Chuntao Staub, J. E. Simon, P. W. Lou, Qunfeng Chen, Jinfeng TI Inheritance and mapping of the ore gene controlling the quantity of beta-carotene in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) endocarp SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Xishuangbanna gourd; Carotenoid; Vitamin A nutrition; Marker-assisted selection ID MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; PHENOTYPIC SELECTION; PHYTOENE SYNTHASE; GENOMIC REGIONS; QTL ANALYSIS; MELO L.; ACCUMULATION; MAIZE; FRUIT; IDENTIFICATION AB The metabolic precursor of vitamin A, beta-carotene, is essential for human health. The gene(s) controlling beta-carotene quantity (Q beta C) has been introgressed from Xishuangbanna gourd (XIS, possessing beta-carotene; Cucumis sativus L. var. xishuangbannanesis Qi et Yuan; 2n = 2x = 14) into cultivated cucumber (no beta-carotene; Cucumis sativus L.). To determine the inheritance of Q beta C in cucumber fruit endocarp, F1 progeny and a set of 124 F7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cultivated cucumber line CC3 and XIS line SWCC8 were evaluated for Q beta C during 2009 and 2010 in Nanjing, China. Segregation analysis revealed that endocarp Q beta C of greenhouse-grown fruit was controlled by a single recessive gene. Further, marker analysis indicated the gene controlling Q beta C was linked to seven SSR markers on linkage group 3, where their order was SSR20710-SSR19511-SSR15419-SSR07706-ore-SSR23231-SSR11633-SSR20270. These markers and the putative candidate gene were mapped to cucumber chromosome 3DS. An evaluation of 30 genetically diverse cucumber lines indicated that marker SSR07706 has utility in further genetic analyses of the Q beta C orange endocarp gene, designated ore. Moreover, the markers defined herein may have utility for marker-assisted selection directed towards the development of cucumber germplasm with high fruit beta-carotene content. C1 [Bo, Kailiang; Song, Hui; Shen, Jia; Qian, Chuntao; Lou, Qunfeng; Chen, Jinfeng] Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Hort, State Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Staub, J. E.; Simon, P. W.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit,Plant Breeding & Plant Genet, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Staub, J. E.; Simon, P. W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Chen, JF (reprint author), Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Hort, State Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM jfchen@njau.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30972007]; Science and Technology Infrastructure Construction Project of Jiangsu Province of China [BM2008008]; State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing agricultural university, China; Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement FX The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30972007), Science and Technology Infrastructure Construction Project of Jiangsu Province of China (BM2008008), and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing agricultural university, China, and Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 30 IS 1 BP 335 EP 344 DI 10.1007/s11032-011-9624-4 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 950JT UT WOS:000304646100027 ER PT J AU Souza, TLPO de Barros, EG Bellato, CM Hwang, EY Cregan, PB Pastor-Corrales, MA AF Souza, Thiago Livio P. O. de Barros, Everaldo G. Bellato, Claudia M. Hwang, Eun-Young Cregan, Perry B. Pastor-Corrales, Marcial A. TI Single nucleotide polymorphism discovery in common bean SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE DNA polymorphisms; Genome variations; Molecular markers; PCR primers; Phaseolus vulgaris; Sequence-tagged sites ID MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; DNA-SEQUENCE POLYMORPHISM; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; HAPLOTYPE STRUCTURE; SNP FREQUENCY; GENOME; GENES; MODEL; MAP AB Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were discovered in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) via resequencing of sequence-tagged sites (STSs) developed by PCR primers previously designed to soybean shotgun and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) end sequences, and by primers designed to common bean genes and microsatellite flanking regions. DNA fragments harboring SNPs were identified in single amplicons from six contrasting P. vulgaris genotypes of the Andean (Jalo EEP 558, G 19833, and AND 277) and Mesoamerican (BAT 93, DOR 364, and Ruda) gene pools. These genotypes are the parents of three common bean recombinant inbred line mapping populations. From an initial set of 1,880 PCR primer pairs tested, 265 robust STSs were obtained, which could be sequenced in each one of the six common bean genotypes. In the resulting 131,120 bp of aligned sequence, a total of 677 SNPs were identified, including 555 single-base changes (295 transitions and 260 transversions) and 122 small nucleotide insertions/deletions (indels). The frequency of SNPs was 5.16 SNPs/kb and the mean nucleotide diversity, expressed as Halushka's theta, was 0.00226. This work represents one of the first efforts aimed at detecting SNPs in P. vulgaris. The SNPs identified should be an important resource for common bean geneticists and breeders for quantitative trait locus discovery, marker-assisted selection, and map-based cloning. These SNPS will be also useful for diversity analysis and microsynteny studies among legume species. C1 [Souza, Thiago Livio P. O.; de Barros, Everaldo G.] Univ Fed Vicosa UFV, Inst Biotecnol Aplicada Agropecuaria BIOAGRO, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. [Bellato, Claudia M.; Hwang, Eun-Young; Cregan, Perry B.; Pastor-Corrales, Marcial A.] ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Souza, TLPO (reprint author), Embrapa Arroz & Feijao, Rod GO 462,Km 12, BR-75375000 Santo Antonio De Goias, Go, Brazil. EM tlposouza@gmail.com RI deBarros, Everaldo/J-7260-2012 FU United States Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service-USDA/ARS (US Government); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico-CNPq (Brazilian Government); CNPq FX This work was supported by grants from United States Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service-USDA/ARS (US Government). The first author was supported by a PhD fellowship from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico-CNPq (Brazilian Government). The support from CNPq was greatly appreciated. We also thank Alicia Bertles from Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, BARC-East, USDA/ARS (Beltsville, MD, USA) for assistance with the DNA sequencing. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 30 IS 1 BP 419 EP 428 DI 10.1007/s11032-011-9632-4 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 950JT UT WOS:000304646100034 ER PT J AU Yu, LX Liu, SX Anderson, JA Singh, RP Jin, Y Dubcovsky, J Brown-Guidera, G Bhavani, S Morgounov, A He, ZH Huerta-Espino, J Sorrells, ME AF Yu, Long-Xi Liu, Sixin Anderson, James A. Singh, Ravi P. Jin, Yue Dubcovsky, Jorge Brown-Guidera, Gina Bhavani, Sridhar Morgounov, Alexey He, Zhonghu Huerta-Espino, Julio Sorrells, Mark E. TI Haplotype diversity of stem rust resistance loci in uncharacterized wheat lines (vol 26, pg 667, 2010) SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Correction C1 [Yu, Long-Xi; Sorrells, Mark E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Liu, Sixin; Anderson, James A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Singh, Ravi P.; Bhavani, Sridhar; Morgounov, Alexey; He, Zhonghu] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Edo Mex 06600, Mexico. [Jin, Yue] ARS, USDA, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN USA. [Dubcovsky, Jorge] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Brown-Guidera, Gina] ARS Plant Sci Res, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [He, Zhonghu] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Huerta-Espino, Julio] Campo Expt Valle Mexico INIFAP, Chapingo 56230, Edo De Mexico, Mexico. RP Sorrells, ME (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mes12@cornell.edu RI He, Zhonghu/E-1625-2015 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 30 IS 1 BP 613 EP 614 DI 10.1007/s11032-011-9680-9 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 950JT UT WOS:000304646100050 ER PT J AU Huang, SX Gao, YF Liu, JK Peng, XL Niu, XL Fei, ZJ Cao, SQ Liu, YS AF Huang, Shengxiong Gao, Yongfeng Liu, Jikai Peng, Xiaoli Niu, Xiangli Fei, Zhangjun Cao, Shuqing Liu, Yongsheng TI Genome-wide analysis of WRKY transcription factors in Solanum lycopersicum SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Transcriptional factor; WRKY; Phylogenetic analysis; Expression pattern; Tomato ID ABSCISIC-ACID; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; NEGATIVE REGULATORS; EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; PLANT-RESPONSES; FACTOR FAMILY; FACTOR GENES; TOMATO; DEFENSE; PROTEIN AB The WRKY transcription factors have been implicated in multiple biological processes in plants, especially in regulating defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, little information is available about the WRKYs in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). The recent release of the whole-genome sequence of tomato allowed us to perform a genome-wide investigation for tomato WRKY proteins, and to compare these positively identified proteins with their orthologs in model plants, such as Arabidopsis and rice. In the present study, based on the recently released tomato whole-genome sequences, we identified 81 SlWRKY genes that were classified into three main groups, with the second group further divided into five subgroups. Depending on WRKY domains' sequences derived from tomato, Arabidopsis and rice, construction of a phylogenetic tree demonstrated distinct clustering and unique gene expansion of WRKY genes among the three species. Genome mapping analysis revealed that tomato WRKY genes were enriched on several chromosomes, especially on chromosome 5, and 16 % of the family members were tandemly duplicated genes. The tomato WRKYs from each group were shown to share similar motif compositions. Furthermore, tomato WRKY genes showed distinct temporal and spatial expression patterns in different developmental processes and in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. The expression of 18 selected tomato WRKY genes in response to drought and salt stresses and Pseudomonas syringae invasion, respectively, was validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Our results will provide a platform for functional identification and molecular breeding study of WRKY genes in tomato and probably other Solanaceae plants. C1 [Huang, Shengxiong; Gao, Yongfeng; Liu, Jikai; Peng, Xiaoli; Niu, Xiangli; Cao, Shuqing; Liu, Yongsheng] Hefei Univ Technol, Sch Biotechnol & Food Engn, Hefei 230009, Peoples R China. [Huang, Shengxiong; Gao, Yongfeng; Liu, Jikai; Liu, Yongsheng] Sichuan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Key Lab Bioresource & Ecoenvironm, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn,Minist Educ, Chengdu 610064, Peoples R China. [Fei, Zhangjun] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fei, Zhangjun] USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Cao, SQ (reprint author), Hefei Univ Technol, Sch Biotechnol & Food Engn, Hefei 230009, Peoples R China. EM huangshengxiong@163.com; gyf56789@tom.com; kateryan@163.com; davidxiaoli@163.com; niu_xiangli@163.com; zf25@cornell.edu; Shuqing.cao@163.com; liuyongsheng1122@yahoo.com.cn FU National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars [30825030]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31171179, 90717110]; 973 Program of China [2011CB100401]; Ministry of Education of China [20110181130009] FX This work was supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant No. 30825030), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 31171179, and 90717110), the 973 Program of China (Grant No. 2011CB100401), and Advanced Program of Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China (20110181130009). We acknowledge the International Tomato Genome Sequencing Consortium for using the tomato genome sequences, which were generated and released by the international organization (http://solgenomics.net/organism/solanum_lycopersicum/genome). We also acknowledge other institutions and organizations for providing the public release of genome sequences used in our investigation. NR 61 TC 63 Z9 91 U1 13 U2 103 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD JUN PY 2012 VL 287 IS 6 BP 495 EP 513 DI 10.1007/s00438-012-0696-6 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 949DH UT WOS:000304555800005 PM 22570076 ER PT J AU Lin, ZW Li, XR Shannon, LM Yeh, CT Wang, ML Bai, GH Peng, Z Li, JR Trick, HN Clemente, TE Doebley, J Schnable, PS Tuinstra, MR Tesso, TT White, F Yu, JM AF Lin, Zhongwei Li, Xianran Shannon, Laura M. Yeh, Cheng-Ting Wang, Ming L. Bai, Guihua Peng, Zhao Li, Jiarui Trick, Harold N. Clemente, Thomas E. Doebley, John Schnable, Patrick S. Tuinstra, Mitchell R. Tesso, Tesfaye T. White, Frank Yu, Jianming TI Parallel domestication of the Shattering1 genes in cereals SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID RICE ORYZA-SATIVA; SORGHUM-BICOLOR; WILD-RICE; GENOME; ASSOCIATION; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; MARKERS; ORIGIN; MAIZE AB A key step during crop domestication is the loss of seed shattering. Here, we show that seed shattering in sorghum is controlled by a single gene, Shattering1 (Sh1), which encodes a YABBY transcription factor. Domesticated sorghums harbor three different mutations at the Sh1 locus. Variants at regulatory sites in the promoter and intronic regions lead to a low level of expression, a 2.2-kb deletion causes a truncated transcript that lacks exons 2 and 3, and a GT-to-GG splice-site variant in the intron 4 results in removal of the exon 4. The distributions of these non-shattering haplotypes among sorghum landraces suggest three independent origins. The function of the rice ortholog (OsSh1) was subsequently validated with a shattering-resistant mutant, and two maize orthologs (ZmSh1-1 and ZmSh1-5.1+ZmSh1-5.2) were verified with a large mapping population. Our results indicate that Sh1 genes for seed shattering were under parallel selection during sorghum, rice and maize domestication. C1 [Lin, Zhongwei; Li, Xianran; Bai, Guihua; Tesso, Tesfaye T.; Yu, Jianming] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Shannon, Laura M.; Doebley, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Genet, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Yeh, Cheng-Ting; Schnable, Patrick S.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Plant Genom, Ames, IA USA. [Yeh, Cheng-Ting; Schnable, Patrick S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA USA. [Wang, Ming L.] ARS, USDA, Griffin, GA USA. [Bai, Guihua] ARS, USDA, Manhattan, KS USA. [Peng, Zhao; Li, Jiarui; Trick, Harold N.; White, Frank] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Clemente, Thomas E.] Univ Nebraska, Ctr Plant Sci Innovat, Lincoln, NE USA. [Tuinstra, Mitchell R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Yu, JM (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jyu@ksu.edu RI Li, Xianran/I-5651-2012; OI Li, Xianran/0000-0002-4252-6911; Yeh, Cheng-Ting/0000-0002-1392-2018; Yu, Jianming/0000-0001-5326-3099; Trick, Harold/0000-0001-5255-5575 FU Agriculture and Food Research Initiative from US Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2011-03587]; National Science Foundation [DBI-0820610, DBI-0820619, DBI-1027527]; US Department of Energy [DE-SC0002259]; USDA-ARS; Kansas State University; Kansas State University Center for Sorghum Improvement FX This work was supported by an Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant (2011-03587 to J.Y. and T. T. T.) from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture, the Plant Genome Research Program of the National Science Foundation (DBI-0820610 to J.Y., DBI-0820619 to J.D. and DBI-1027527 to P. S. S.), the Plant Feedstock Genomics Program of the US Department of Energy (DE-SC0002259 to J.Y.), the USDA-ARS (M. L. W. and G. B.), the Targeted Excellence Program of Kansas State University and the Kansas State University Center for Sorghum Improvement. NR 30 TC 95 Z9 101 U1 9 U2 86 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 44 IS 6 BP 720 EP U154 DI 10.1038/ng.2281 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 949BT UT WOS:000304551100023 PM 22581231 ER PT J AU Kovendan, K Murugan, K Panneerselvam, C Kumar, PM Amerasan, D Subramaniam, J Vincent, S Barnard, DR AF Kovendan, Kalimuthu Murugan, Kadarkarai Panneerselvam, Chellasamy Kumar, Palanisamy Mahesh Amerasan, Duraisamy Subramaniam, Jayapal Vincent, Savariar Barnard, Donald R. TI Laboratory and field evaluation of medicinal plant extracts against filarial vector, Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ANOPHELES-SUBPICTUS GRASSI; AEDES-AEGYPTI; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; LEUCAS-ASPERA; TRITAENIORHYNCHUS GILES; LARVICIDAL EFFICACY; HYPTIS SUAVEOLENS; ABUTILON-INDICUM; ESSENTIAL OILS; LEAF EXTRACT AB The present study explored the effects of Jatropha curcas, Hyptis suaveolens, Abutilon indicum, and Leucas aspera tested against third instar larvae of filarial vector, Culex quinquefasciatus. The dried plant materials were powdered by an electrical blender. From each sample, 500 g powder was macerated with 1.5 L of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol 8h, using Soxhlet apparatus, and filtered. The extracts were concentrated at reduced temperature on a rotary evaporator and stored at a temperature of 4A degrees C. The yield of crude extract was 11.4, 12.2, 10.6, and 13.5 g in hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol, respectively. The hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol extract of J. curcas with LC50 values of 230.32, 212.85, 192.07, and 113.23 ppm; H. suaveolens with LC50 values of 213.09, 217.64, 167.59, and 86.93 ppm; A. indicum with LC50 values of 204.18, 155.53, 166.32, and 111.58 ppm; and L. aspera with LC50 values of 152.18, 118.29, 111.43, and 107.73 ppm, respectively, against third instar larvae of C. quinquefasciatus. The larval mortality was observed after 24 h of exposure. Maximum larvicidal activity was observed in the methanolic extract followed by ethyl acetate, chloroform, and hexane extract. No mortality was observed in the control. The observed mortality were statistically significant at P < 0.05 level. L. aspera showed the highest mortality rate against the mosquito larvae in laboratory and field. The larval density was decreased after the treatment of plant extracts at the breeding sites (sewage water), and hence, these plant extracts of the suitable alternatives of synthetic insecticides for the mosquito vector management. The present results suggest that the medicinal plants extract was an excellent potential for controlling filarial vector, C. quinquefasciatus. C1 [Kovendan, Kalimuthu; Murugan, Kadarkarai; Panneerselvam, Chellasamy; Kumar, Palanisamy Mahesh; Amerasan, Duraisamy; Subramaniam, Jayapal] Bharathiar Univ, Sch Life Sci, Div Entomol, Dept Zool, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India. [Vincent, Savariar] Loyola Coll, PG Res & Dept Adv Zool & Biotechnol, Chennai 600034, Tamil Nadu, India. [Barnard, Donald R.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Kovendan, K (reprint author), Bharathiar Univ, Sch Life Sci, Div Entomol, Dept Zool, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India. EM gokulloyo@yahoo.co.in FU Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi, India; Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology (TNSCST), Chennai, Tamil Nadu FX The authors are thankful to the Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi, India, and Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology (TNSCST), Chennai, Tamil Nadu for providing financial support for the present work. The authors are grateful to the Dr. K. Sasikala, Professor and Head, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University for the laboratory facilities provided. NR 64 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 110 IS 6 BP 2105 EP 2115 DI 10.1007/s00436-011-2736-2 PG 11 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 950CS UT WOS:000304627300003 PM 22146997 ER PT J AU Murugan, K Kovendan, K Vincent, S Barnard, DR AF Murugan, Kadarkarai Kovendan, Kalimuthu Vincent, Savariar Barnard, Donald R. TI Biolarvicidal and pupicidal activity of Acalypha alnifolia Klein ex Willd. (Family: Euphorbiaceae) leaf extract and Microbial insecticide, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) against malaria fever mosquito, Anopheles stephensi Liston. (Diptera: Culicidae) SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS SAY; LARVICIDAL EFFICACY; AEDES-AEGYPTI; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; PLANT-EXTRACTS; ESSENTIAL OILS; VECTOR; L.; ATTACHMENT AB The present study was to establish of Acalypha alnifolia leaf extract and microbial insecticide, Metarizhium anisopliae on larvicidal and pupicidal properties of against the malaria fever mosquito, Anopheles stephensi. The leaf extract showed larvicidal and pupicidal effects after 24 h of exposure; however, the highest larval and pupal mortality was found in the leaf extract of ethanol A. alnifolia against the 1st to 4th instar larvae and pupae of values LC50 value of 1st instar was 5.388%, 2nd instar was 6.233%, 3rd instar was 6.884%, 4th instar was 8.594%, and pupae was 10.073%, respectively, and microbial insecticide, M. anisopliae against the 1st to 4th instar larvae and pupae of values LC50 value of 1st instar was 7.917%, 2nd instar was 10.734%, 3rd instar was 17.624%, 4th instar was 26.590%, and pupae was 37.908%, respectively. Moreover, combined treatment of values of LC50 value of 1st instar was 3.557%, 2nd instar was 4.373%, 3rd instar was 5.559%, 4th instar was 7.223%, and pupae was 8.542%, respectively. No mortality was observed in the control. The results that the leaves extract of A. alnifolia and microbial insecticide, M. anisopliae is promising as good larvicidal and pupicidal properties of against malaria fever mosquito, A. stephensi. This is an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of malarial vector, A. stephensi as a vector control programs. Therefore, this study provides first report on the combined effect of mosquitocidal efficacy of this plant extract and fungal pathogen of M. anisopliae against A. stephensi from Southern India. C1 [Murugan, Kadarkarai; Kovendan, Kalimuthu] Bharathiar Univ, Sch Life Sci, Div Entomol, Dept Zool, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India. [Vincent, Savariar] Loyola Coll, PG Res & Dept Adv Zool & Biotechnol, Chennai 600034, Tamil Nadu, India. [Barnard, Donald R.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Kovendan, K (reprint author), Bharathiar Univ, Sch Life Sci, Div Entomol, Dept Zool, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India. EM gokulloyo@yahoo.co.in FU Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi, India; Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology (TNSCST), Chennai, Tamil Nadu FX The authors are thankful to the Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi, India and Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology (TNSCST), Chennai, Tamil Nadu for providing financial support for the present work. The authors are grateful to Dr. K. Sasikala, Professor and Head, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University for the laboratory facilities provided. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 110 IS 6 BP 2263 EP 2270 DI 10.1007/s00436-011-2758-9 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 950CS UT WOS:000304627300023 PM 22200954 ER PT J AU Qi, ZM Feng, SY Helmers, MJ AF Qi Zhi-Ming Feng Shao-Yuan Helmers, M. J. TI Modeling Cadmium Transport in Neutral and Alkaline Soil Columns at Various Depths SO PEDOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE convection-dispersion equation (CDE); CXTFIT; dispersion; retardation; sewage effluent irrigation ID WATER; SEWAGE; SORPTION; DESORPTION; ADSORPTION; RETENTION; REUSE; CHINA; ZINC; CD AB Human health has been potentially threatened by cadmium (Cd) contained in sewage irrigation water. Previous studies of Cd transport in soils were mainly conducted using small soil cores with pH values less than 6. The objectives of this study were to determine the parameters of the convection-dispersion equation (CDE) for Cd transport in relatively larger columns with neutral and alkaline soils, and to investigate the parameters' variability with depth. The soil columns were 50 cm in length and 12.5 cm in diameter. Ceramic suction lysimeters were buried at depths of 2.5, 7.5, 17.5, 27.5, and 37.5 cm to abstract soil solution. Cd concentration in the soil solution samples were subsequently analyzed to obtain breakthrough curves (BTCs). Equilibrium and nonequilibrium models in CXTFIT program were used to estimate parameters of the CDE. The results suggested that both equilibrium and non-equilibrium models performed well in modeling Cd transport. The hydrodynamic dispersion! coefficient (D) ranged from 0.18 to 10.70 cm(2) h(-1), showing large differences among different depths. The retardation factor (R-d) ranged from 25.4 to 54.7 and the standard deviation of R-d value was lower than 30% of the mean value. Precipitation coefficient (R-p) decreased consistently with increasing depth, varying from 1.000 x 10(-10) to 0.661 h(-1). Sensitivity tests showed that D was less sensitive than R-d. These results would be helpful in understanding the transport and retention of Cd in non-acidic soils. C1 [Feng Shao-Yuan] Yangzhou Univ, Coll Hydraul Sci & Engn, Yangzhou 225009, Peoples R China. [Qi Zhi-Ming] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Helmers, M. J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Feng, SY (reprint author), Yangzhou Univ, Coll Hydraul Sci & Engn, Yangzhou 225009, Peoples R China. EM syfeng@yzu.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51179166]; National Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China [2006CB403406] FX Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51179166) and the National Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China (No. 2006CB403406). NR 26 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1002-0160 J9 PEDOSPHERE JI Pedosphere PD JUN PY 2012 VL 22 IS 3 BP 273 EP 282 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 948NN UT WOS:000304510000001 ER PT J AU Zhang, MQ Powell, CA Guo, Y Doud, MS Duan, YP AF Zhang, Muqing Powell, Charles A. Guo, Ying Doud, Melissa S. Duan, Yongping TI A Graft-Based Chemotherapy Method for Screening Effective Molecules and Rescuing Huanglongbing-Affected Citrus Plants SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CANDIDATUS LIBERIBACTER ASIATICUS; GREENING DISEASE; SWEET ORANGE; SAO-PAULO; TRANSMISSION; PERIWINKLE; DIFFUSION; CUTICLES; ROOTSTOCKS; CULTIVARS AB Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most devastating disease of citrus. The global citrus industry is in urgent need of effective chemical treatments for HLB control because of its rapid spreading worldwide. Due to the fastidious nature of the pathogens, and the poor permissibility of citrus leaf surfaces, effective screening of chemicals for the HLB control can be challenging. In this study, we developed a graft-based chemotherapy method to rapidly screen potential HLB-controlling chemical compounds. In addition, we improved transmission efficiency by using the best HLB-affected scion rootstock combination, and demonstrated the HLB bacterial titer was the critical factor in transmission. The HLB-affected lemon scions had a high titer of HLB bacterium, survival rate (83.3%), and pathogen transmission rate (59.9%). Trifoliate, a widely used commercial rootstock, had the highest survival rate (>70.0%) compared with grapefruit (52.6%) and sour orange (50.4%). Using this method, we confirmed a mixture of penicillin and streptomycin was the most effective compounds in eliminating the HLB bacterium from the HLB-affected scions, and in successfully rescuing severely HLB-affected citrus germ-plasms. These findings are useful not only for chemical treatments but also for graft-based transmission studies in HLB and other Liberibacter diseases. C1 [Doud, Melissa S.; Duan, Yongping] ARS, USDA, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Zhang, Muqing; Powell, Charles A.; Guo, Ying] Univ Florida, IFAS IRREC, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Zhang, Muqing] Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China. RP Duan, YP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM Yongping.duan@ars.usda.gov FU Florida Citrus Advanced Technology Program [161, 162] FX This work was supported by the Florida Citrus Advanced Technology Program award 161 and 162. We thank C. Latza and G. Brock for their excellent technical assistance in the research. NR 47 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2012 VL 102 IS 6 BP 567 EP 574 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-09-11-0265 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 948HF UT WOS:000304493500002 PM 22568814 ER PT J AU Kong, HS Roberts, DP Patterson, CD Kuehne, SA Heeb, S Lakshman, DK Lydon, J AF Kong, Hye Suk Roberts, Daniel P. Patterson, Cheryl D. Kuehne, Sarah A. Heeb, Stephan Lakshman, Dilip K. Lydon, John TI Effect of Overexpressing rsmA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa on Virulence of Select Phytotoxin-Producing Strains of P. syringae SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAROTOVORA SUBSP CAROTOVORA; PV. TOMATO DC3000; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION SYSTEMS; BIOSYNTHETIC GENE-CLUSTER; MESSENGER-RNA RECOGNITION; EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES; ALGINATE PRODUCTION; 2-COMPONENT SYSTEM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FLUORESCENS CHA0 AB The GacS/GacA two-component system functions mechanistically in conjunction with global post-transcriptional regulators of the RsmA family to allow pseudomonads and other bacteria to adapt to changing environmental stimuli. Analysis of this Gac/Rsm signal transduction pathway in phytotoxin-producing pathovars of Pseudmonas syringae is incomplete, particularly with regard to rsmA. Our approach in studying it was to overexpress rsmA in P. syringae strains through introduction of pSK61, a plasmid constitutively expressing this gene. Disease and colonization of plant leaf tissue were consistently diminished in all P syringae strains tested (pv. phaseolicola NPS3121, pv. syringae B728a, and BR2R) when harboring pSK61 relative to these isolates harboring the empty vector pME6031. Phaseolotoxin, syringomycin, and tabtoxin were not produced in any of these strains when transformed with pSK61. Production of protease and pyoverdin as well as swarming were also diminished in all of these strains when harboring pSK61. In contrast, alginate production, biofilm formation, and the hypersensitive response were diminished in some but not all of these isolates under the same growth conditions. These results indicate that rsmA is consistently important in the overarching phenotypes disease and endophtyic colonization but that its role varies with pathovar in certain underpinning phenotypes in the phytotoxin-producing strains of P. syringae. C1 [Roberts, Daniel P.; Patterson, Cheryl D.; Lakshman, Dilip K.; Lydon, John] ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kong, Hye Suk] US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Kuehne, Sarah A.; Heeb, Stephan] Univ Nottingham, Sch Mol Med Sci, Ctr Biomol Sci, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Roberts, DP (reprint author), ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dan.roberts@ars.usda.gov NR 87 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2012 VL 102 IS 6 BP 575 EP 587 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-09-11-0267 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 948HF UT WOS:000304493500003 PM 22568815 ER PT J AU Chellemi, DO Wu, TH Graham, JH Church, G AF Chellemi, Dan O. Wu, Tiehang Graham, Jim H. Church, Greg TI Biological Impact of Divergent Land Management Practices on Tomato Crop Health SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disease suppressive soil; organic agriculture; soil fumigants; soil microbial diversity; sustainable pest management ID SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; NEMATODE COMMUNITIES; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; MELOIDOGYNE-ARENARIA; FUNGAL COMMUNITIES; DAMPING-OFF; SOILBORNE; FIELD; BAHIAGRASS; ROTATION AB Development of sustainable food systems is contingent upon the adoption of land management practices that can mitigate damage from soilborne pests. Five diverse land management practices were studied for their impacts on Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici), galling of roots by Meloidogyne spp. and marketable yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and to identify associations between the severity of pest damage and the corresponding soil microbial community structure. The incidence of Fusarium wilt was >14% when tomato was cultivated following 3 to 4 years of an undisturbed weed fallow or continuous tillage disk fallow rotation and was >4% after 3 to 4 years of bahiagrass (Paspalum notation) rotation or organic production practices that included soil amendments and cover crops. The incidence of Fusarium wilt under conventional tomato production with soil fumigation varied from 2% in 2003 to 15% in 2004. Repeated tomato cultivation increased Fusarium wilt by 20% or more except when tomato was grown using organic practices, where disease remained less than 3%. The percent of tomato roots with galls from Meloidogyne spp. ranged from 18 to 82% in soil previously subjected to a weed fallow rotation and 7 to 15% in soil managed previously as a bahiagrass pasture. Repeated tomato cultivation increased the severity of root galling in plots previously subjected to a conventional or disk fallow rotation but not in plots managed using organic practices, where the percentage of tomato roots with galls remained below 1%. Marketable yield of tomato exceeded 35 Mg ha(-1) following all land management strategies except the strip-tillage/bahiagrass program. Marketable yield declined by 11, 14, and 19% when tomato was grown in consecutive years following a bahiagrass, weed fallow, and disk rotation. The composition of fungal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS I) and bacterial 16S rDNA amplicons isolated from soil fungal and bacterial communities corresponded with observed differences in the incidence of Fusarium wilt and severity of root galling from Meloidogyne spp. and provided evidence of an association between the effect of land management practices on soil microbial community structure, severity of root galling from Meloidogyne spp., and the incidence of Fusarium wilt. C1 [Chellemi, Dan O.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Wu, Tiehang] Georgia So Univ, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Graham, Jim H.] Univ Florida, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Church, Greg] Texas A&M Univ, Texas AgriLife Extent Serv Collin Cty, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Chellemi, DO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM dan.chellemi@ars.usda.gov NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 43 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2012 VL 102 IS 6 BP 597 EP 608 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-08-11-0219 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 948HF UT WOS:000304493500005 PM 22352308 ER PT J AU Butler, DM Rosskopf, EN Kokalis-Burelle, N Albano, JP Muramoto, J Shennan, C AF Butler, David M. Rosskopf, Erin N. Kokalis-Burelle, Nancy Albano, Joseph P. Muramoto, Joji Shennan, Carol TI Exploring warm-season cover crops as carbon sources for anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Anaerobic soil disinfestation; Methyl bromide alternatives; Cover crop; Fusarium oxysporum; Meloidogyne incognita; Sclerotium rolfsii; Cyperus esculentus ID ORGANIC AMENDMENTS; SCLEROTIUM-ROLFSII; VERTICILLIUM WILT; NEMATODE; DECOMPOSITION; ACIDS; SOLARIZATION; MECHANISMS; POTATO; BSD AB Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) has been shown to be an effective strategy for controlling soilborne plant pathogens and plant-parasitic nematodes in vegetable and other specialty crop production systems. Anaerobic soil disinfestation is based upon supplying labile carbon (C) to stimulate microbially-driven anaerobic soil conditions in moist soils covered with polyethylene mulch. To test the effectiveness of warm-season cover crops as C sources for ASD, a greenhouse study was conducted using a sandy field soil in which several warm-season legumes and grasses were grown and incorporated and compared to molasses-amended and no C source controls. Greenhouse pots were irrigated to fill soil porosity and covered with a transparent polyethylene mulch to initiate a 3-week ASD treatment prior to planting tomatoes. Soilborne plant pathogen inoculum packets, yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) tubers, and Southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood; M.i.) eggs and juveniles were introduced at cover crop incorporation. In nearly all cases, ASD treatment utilizing cover crops as a C source resulted in soil anaerobicity values that were equal to the molasses-amended fallow control and greater than the no C source fallow control. In trial 1, Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.:Fr. (F.o.) survival was reduced by more than 97% in all C source treatments compared to the no C source control but there was no effect of C source in Trial 2. Carbon source treatments were inconsistent in their effects on survival of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. (S.r). In general, the number of M.i. extracted from tomato root tissue and root gall ratings were low in all treatments with cover crop C source, molasses C source, or composted poultry litter. Germination of yellow nutsedge tubers was highest in the no C source control (76%), lowest in the molasses control (31%), and intermediate from cover crop treatments (49% to 61%). Warm-season cover crops have potential to serve as a C source for ASD in vegetable and other crop production systems, but more work is needed to improve consistency and further elucidate mechanisms of control of soilborne plant pathogens and weeds during ASD treatment utilizing cover crops. C1 [Butler, David M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Rosskopf, Erin N.; Kokalis-Burelle, Nancy; Albano, Joseph P.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Muramoto, Joji; Shennan, Carol] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Butler, DM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dbutler@utk.edu RI Shennan, Carol/I-1694-2013 OI Shennan, Carol/0000-0001-6401-5007 FU United States Department of Agriculture-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (USDA-CSREES) [2007-51102-03854] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge technical assistance provided by Kate Rotindo, Bernardette Stange, Pragna Patel, Melissa Sallstrom, Veronica Abel, John Mulvaney, Amanda Rinehart, Jackie Markle, Chris Lasser, Marcus Martinez, Loretta Myers, Jeff Smith, and Lynn Faulkner. The authors appreciate comments on the manuscript provided by Dr. Bob McSorley and Dr. T. Greg McCollum. Partial funding provided by the United States Department of Agriculture-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (USDA-CSREES), Methyl Bromide Transitions Grant Agreement No. 2007-51102-03854. NR 56 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUN PY 2012 VL 355 IS 1-2 BP 149 EP 165 DI 10.1007/s11104-011-1088-0 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 949ZH UT WOS:000304617000013 ER PT J AU Hollender, CA Geretz, AC Slovin, JP Liu, ZC AF Hollender, Courtney A. Geretz, Aviva C. Slovin, Janet P. Liu, Zhongchi TI Flower and early fruit development in a diploid strawberry, Fragaria vesca SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Woodland strawberry; Carpel development; Anther development; Embryo development; AGAMOUS; Developmental staging ID GENETIC INTERACTIONS; X-ANANASSA; ARABIDOPSIS; GENOMICS; ROSACEAE; ACHENE; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSFORMATION; EXPRESSION; ETHYLENE AB The diploid woodland strawberry, Fragaria vesca, is being recognized as a model for the more complex octoploid commercial strawberry, Fragaria x ananassa. F. vesca exhibits a short seed to seed cycle, can be easily transformed by Agrobacteria, and a draft genome sequence has been published. These features, together with its similar flower structure, potentially make F. vesca a good model for studying the flower development of other members of the Rosaceae family, which contains many economically important fruit trees and ornamental plants. To propel F. vesca's role in genetic and genomic research and to facilitate the study of its reproductive development, we have investigated in detail F. vesca flower and early fruit development using a seventh generation inbred diploid line, Yellow Wonder 5AF7. We present here standardized developmental staging and detailed descriptions of morphological changes associated with flower and early fruit development based on images of hand dissected flowers, histological sections, and scanning electron microscopy. In situ hybridization with the F. vesca AGAMOUS homolog, FvAG, showed expression in young stamen and carpel primordia. This work lays the essential groundwork and standardization for future molecular, genetic, and genomic studies of F. vesca. C1 [Hollender, Courtney A.; Geretz, Aviva C.; Liu, Zhongchi] Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Slovin, Janet P.] USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruit & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Liu, ZC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, 0229 Biosci Res Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM janet.slovin@ars.usda.gov; zliu@umd.edu FU NSF [MCB0923913]; Hokensen graduate fellowship; USDA CRIS [1275-21000-185-00D]; Maryland MAES [MD-CBMG-0525] FX We would like to thank Tim Maugel of the Laboratory for Biological Ultrastructure, University of Maryland, College Park for assistance with SEM, and Heven Sze for use of her microscope. We are also grateful to anonymous reviewers and the editor for helpful suggestions to improve the manuscript. This work was supported by NSF grant MCB0923913 to Z.L. and J.S., the Hokensen graduate fellowship to CH, USDA CRIS project #1275-21000-185-00D and Maryland MAES Hatch Project (MD-CBMG-0525). NR 53 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 63 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD JUN PY 2012 VL 235 IS 6 BP 1123 EP 1139 DI 10.1007/s00425-011-1562-1 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 950AP UT WOS:000304621200003 PM 22198460 ER PT J AU Ilhan, ZE Ong, SK Moorman, TB AF Ilhan, Z. Esra Ong, Say Kee Moorman, Thomas B. TI Herbicide and Antibiotic Removal by Woodchip Denitrification Filters: Sorption Processes SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Atrazine; Sulfamethazine; Enrofloxacin Monensin A; Denitrification wall; Wood chips; Sorption; Desorption ID WASTE-WATER; DESORPTION BEHAVIOR; ATRAZINE SORPTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; SURFACE SOILS; PHARMACEUTICALS; CONTAMINANTS; PESTICIDES; SEDIMENTS; MONENSIN AB In situ denitrification walls and biofilters made of wood chips are being implemented as innovative technologies for the removal of nitrates in tile drainage water from farms to reduce pollution of surface waters and the hypoxia problem in the Gulf of Mexico. Although fairly effective in removing nitrates, not much is known about the effectiveness of the biofilters in removal of herbicides, pesticides, and antibiotics in the drainage water. Using weathered wood chips obtained from an in situ denitrification wall, four common pollutants tested sorbed strongly to wood chips in the following order: enrofloxacin > monensin A > atrazine > sulfamethazine. Of the four chemicals tested, enrofloxacin was found to desorb the least by water extraction. The apparent hysteresis index for atrazine was found to be lower than that for enrofloxacin and sulfamethazine indicating greater sorption-desorption hysteresis for atrazine than enrofloxacin and sulfamethazine. Consecutive steps of water desorption and organic solvent extraction indicated that more than 65% of the sorbed atrazine, 70% of sulfamethazine, 90% of enrofloxacin, and 80% of monensin A were retained in wood chips. Results of this study showed that wood chip denitrification walls or biofilters have an added benefit in retaining herbicides and antibiotics and therefore can act as a barrier to reduce pollution of surface water and groundwater. C1 [Ilhan, Z. Esra; Ong, Say Kee] Iowa State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Ilhan, Z. Esra; Ong, Say Kee] Iowa State Univ, Environm Sci Program, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Moorman, Thomas B.] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ong, SK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM skong@iastate.edu RI Ong, Say Kee/H-7026-2013 OI Ong, Say Kee/0000-0002-5008-4279 FU Fullbright Foreign Student Fellowship FX A Fullbright Foreign Student Fellowship provided support for Z.E. Ilhan. We would like to thank Beth Douglass for her assistance during HPLC analysis and Amy Morrow for conducting the monensin A analysis. NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 9 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 223 IS 5 BP 2651 EP 2662 DI 10.1007/s11270-011-1057-5 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 947XF UT WOS:000304467000060 ER PT J AU Wong, WW Taylor, AA Smith, EO Barnes, S Hachey, DL AF Wong, William W. Taylor, Addison A. Smith, E. O'Brian Barnes, Stephen Hachey, David L. TI Effect of soy isoflavone supplementation on nitric oxide metabolism and blood pressure in menopausal women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID HEALTHY POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION; LIPOPROTEIN LEVELS; BREAST-CANCER; PROTEIN; PHYTOESTROGENS; METAANALYSIS; GENISTEIN AB Background: Isoflavones, having chemical structures similar to estrogens, are believed to stimulate nitric oxide production and thus lower blood pressure. The efficacy of soy isoflavone supplementation to stimulate nitric oxide production and lower blood pressure in menopausal women with high normal blood pressure remains unknown. Objective: The objective was to test the effect of soy isoflavone supplementation on nitric oxide production and blood pressure in menopausal women with high normal blood pressure. Design: A randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled 6-wk trial was conducted to assess the effects of daily supplementation with 80 mg soy hypocotyl isoflavones (in aglycone units) on nitric oxide metabolism and blood pressure in 24 menopausal women with 12 women per group. Changes in nitric oxide metabolism were assessed via a primed, constant-infusion protocol with [N-15]arginine and [C-13]- and [H-2]citrulline. Changes in blood pressure and associated vascular hemodynamics were assessed via office and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, forearm blood flow, and indexes of arterial compliance. Results: When compared with placebo and after control for pretreatment values, soy isoflavone supplementation had no effect on arginine flux, citrulline flux, nitric oxide synthesis, blood pressure, forearm blood flow, or estimates of arterial stiffness. Conclusion: Daily supplementation with 80 mg soy hypocotyl isoflavones over a 6-wk period had no effect on nitric oxide metabolism or blood pressure and associated vascular hemodynamics in menopausal women with high normal blood pressure. Ant J Clin Near 2012;95:1487-94. C1 [Wong, William W.; Smith, E. O'Brian] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Barnes, Stephen] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA. [Hachey, David L.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. RP Wong, WW (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM wwong@bcm.edu FU NIH [1R01AG19325-01A1]; General Clinical Research Center [M01-RR00188]; NCRR Shared Instrumentation [S10 RR19231-01] FX Supported by grants from the NIH (1R01AG19325-01A1), General Clinical Research Center (M01-RR00188), and NCRR Shared Instrumentation (S10 RR19231-01). Frutarum Netherlands BV (Veenendaal, Netherlands) donated the soy isoflavone material to support the study. Pharma Consulting & Industries BV (Eede, Netherlands) manufactured and packaged the placebo and isoflavone tablets without charge. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1487 EP 1494 DI 10.3945/ajcn.111.032045 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 946FT UT WOS:000304337600025 PM 22552034 ER PT J AU Luster, DG McMahon, MB Edwards, HH Boerma, BL Ivey, MLL Miller, SA Dorrance, AE AF Luster, Douglas G. McMahon, Michael B. Edwards, H. Herb Boerma, Britney L. Ivey, Melanie L. Lewis Miller, Sally A. Dorrance, Anne E. TI Novel Phakopsora pachyrhizi Extracellular Proteins Are Ideal Targets for Immunological Diagnostic Assays SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN RUST; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; TILLETIA-INDICA; SPORE WALL; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; UREDINIOSPORES; PREDICTION; SECRETION; MATRIX; FUNGI AB Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal agent of Asian soybean rust (ASR), continues to spread across the southeast and midsouth regions of the United States, necessitating the use of fungicides by producers. Our objective in this research was to identify ASR proteins expressed early during infection for the development of immunodiagnostic assays. We have identified and partially characterized a small gene family encoding extracellular proteins in the P. pachyrhizi urediniospore wall, termed PHEPs (for Phakopsora extracellular protein). Two highly expressed protein family members, PHEP 107 and PHEP 369, were selected as ideal immunodiagnostic targets for antibody development, after we detected PHEPs in plants as early as 3 days postinfection (dpi). Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs; 2E8E5-1 and 3G6H7-3) generated against recombinant PHEP 369 were tested for sensitivity against the recombinant protein and extracts from ASR-infected plants and for specificity against a set of common soybean pathogens. These antibodies should prove applicable in immunodiagnostic assays to detect infected soybeans and to identify ASR spores from sentinel surveillance plots. C1 [Luster, Douglas G.; McMahon, Michael B.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Foreign DiseaseWeed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Edwards, H. Herb] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. [Boerma, Britney L.] Lincoln Coll, Dept Biol, Lincoln, IL USA. [Ivey, Melanie L. Lewis; Miller, Sally A.; Dorrance, Anne E.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Luster, DG (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Foreign DiseaseWeed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD USA. EM doug.luster@ars.usda.gov RI Ivey, Melanie/K-6947-2012; Miller, Sally/A-1240-2015 OI Miller, Sally/0000-0001-9611-0535 FU North Central Soybean Research Program; Iowa Soybean Board FX We thank Melissa L. Carter, for expert technical assistance and Kerry F. Pedley for performing yeast secretion trap assays with PHEP clones. The authors are grateful for the support provided by the North Central Soybean Research Program and Iowa Soybean Board. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 78 IS 11 BP 3890 EP 3895 DI 10.1128/AEM.07079-11 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 944FT UT WOS:000304185400014 PM 22447596 ER PT J AU Williams, L Zhu, YC Snodgrass, GL Manrique, V AF Williams, Livy, III Zhu, Yu Cheng Snodgrass, Gordon L. Manrique, Veronica TI Plant-mediated decisions by an herbivore affect oviposition pattern and subsequent egg parasitism SO ARTHROPOD-PLANT INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Enemy-free space; Parasitism; Oviposition behavior; Tritrophic interactions; Biological control; Lygus lineolaris; Anaphes iole ID LYGUS-LINEOLARIS HETEROPTERA; ANAPHES-IOLE HYMENOPTERA; INDUCE VOLATILE EMISSIONS; HOST PLANTS; BUG HETEROPTERA; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; HESPERUS HETEROPTERA; MIRIDAE EGGS; HEMIPTERA; MYMARIDAE AB Natural enemies are important mortality factors for herbivores and thus may influence herbivore population dynamics. In response to natural enemy pressure, herbivores can alter life history decisions, such as oviposition behavior, so that offspring are protected from natural enemies. One such strategy is to deposit eggs into structures where vulnerability to natural enemies is reduced or eliminated, i.e., use enemy-free space. The plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), is native to North America and has a broad host range (> 350 plant species), including crops. This bug's eggs are attacked by a native parasitoid, Anaphes iole Girault, and parasitism levels vary greatly among host plant species. Weed hosts are critical to contemporary L. lineolaris life history because they serve as an ecological bridge from one crop growing season to the next. We investigated the egg distribution pattern of L. lineolaris on 11 host plant species (nine weeds and two crops), and parasitism by A. iole, to determine whether oviposition choices by L. lineolaris females protect their eggs from parasitism and to demonstrate the mechanism of this protection. Our results indicate that the reproductive structures of Erigeron annuus, as well as those of several other host plant species, provide a refuge from parasitism for most L. lineolaris eggs. This refuge is due to the deposition of host eggs deeper in plant tissue than the length of the ovipositor of A. iole. Also, overall parasitism levels were greater on non-Asteraceae host plant species compared with host plant species belonging to Asteraceae. Oviposition site choice by female bugs appears to be a selective strategy to take advantage of enemy-free space. C1 [Williams, Livy, III] USDA ARS, European Biol Control Lab, F-34988 St Gely Du Fesc, France. [Zhu, Yu Cheng; Snodgrass, Gordon L.] USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Manrique, Veronica] Univ Florida, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Williams, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, European Biol Control Lab, Campus Int Baillarguet,CS90013 Montferrier Lez, F-34988 St Gely Du Fesc, France. EM lwilliams@ars-ebcl.org NR 60 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1872-8855 EI 1872-8847 J9 ARTHROPOD-PLANT INTE JI Arthropod-Plant Interact. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 6 IS 2 BP 159 EP 169 DI 10.1007/s11829-011-9165-0 PG 11 WC Ecology; Entomology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology GA 945TW UT WOS:000304300100001 ER PT J AU Sethi, A Alborn, HT McAuslane, HJ Nuessly, GS Nagata, RT AF Sethi, Amit Alborn, Hans T. McAuslane, Heather J. Nuessly, Gregg S. Nagata, Russell T. TI Banded cucumber beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) resistance in romaine lettuce: understanding latex chemistry SO ARTHROPOD-PLANT INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Plant defense; Solvent extraction; Insect-plant interactions; Antifeedant; Deterrents; Lactuca sativa; Laticifers; Diabrotica balteata ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; SESQUITERPENE LACTONES; GLYCOSIDASE INHIBITORS; CICHORIUM-INTYBUS; LACTUCA-SATIVA; PLANT; PHYTOALEXIN; FLAVONOIDS; ALKALOIDS; ETHYLENE AB Many plants subjected to herbivore damage exude latex, a rich source of biochemicals, which plays important roles in host plant resistance. Our previous studies showed that fresh latex from Valmaine, a resistant cultivar of romaine lettuce Lactuca sativa L., applied to artificial diet is highly deterrent to feeding by banded cucumber beetle, Diabrotica balteata LeConte, compared to the latex of a closely related susceptible cultivar Tall Guzmaine. The deterrent factor(s) could be extracted from Valmaine latex with water-methanol (20:80). In this study, further fractionation of the methanolic crude extract of Valmaine latex was performed using reverse-phase and ion-exchange solid-phase extraction to isolate the deterrent compounds. Retention of deterrent compounds on anion and cation exchange resin suggested the presence of highly polar compounds with both carboxylic and amine groups in Valmaine latex. Further bioassay-directed fractionation of cation exchange extract using LC/MS indicated the presence of at least 3 major and an unknown number of minor compounds in the bioactive fraction between 3 and 4 min. The m/z 210 out of the 3 major compounds showed strong amino acid characteristics (glutamine and/or glutamic acid) when subjected to further MS (n) degradation. Our studies suggest that nitrogenous ingredients of latex play a key role in Valmaine resistance to D. balteata, and latex may be a source of bioactive compounds with a potential use in pest management. C1 [Sethi, Amit; McAuslane, Heather J.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Alborn, Hans T.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Nuessly, Gregg S.] Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. [Nagata, Russell T.] Univ Hawaii, CTAHR, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Sethi, A (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, 1300 W State, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM sethi@purdue.edu FU Florida Agricultural Experiment Station; USDA/ARS FX We thank Casey Reed and Ramandeep Kaur (Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA) and Julia Meredith (Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture, Gainesville, FL, USA) for help with the insect rearing, setting up experiments, and lettuce growing, respectively. We thank Mike Stout and Mukti Ghimire (Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA) for critical reviews of the manuscript. This research was supported by the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station and the USDA/ARS Tropical and Subtropical Agricultural Research Program. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1872-8855 J9 ARTHROPOD-PLANT INTE JI Arthropod-Plant Interact. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 6 IS 2 BP 269 EP 281 DI 10.1007/s11829-011-9168-x PG 13 WC Ecology; Entomology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology GA 945TW UT WOS:000304300100013 ER PT J AU Qin, BL Anderson, RA Kuzuya, T Kitaura, Y Shimomura, Y AF Qin, Bolin Anderson, Richard A. Kuzuya, Teiji Kitaura, Yasuyuki Shimomura, Yoshiharu TI Multiple factors and pathways involved in hepatic very low density lipoprotein-apoB100 overproduction in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rats SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE Type 2 diabetes; Inflammation; Lipogenesis; Sirtuins; VLDL-apoB100 ID TRIGLYCERIDE TRANSFER PROTEIN; FRUCTOSE-FED HAMSTER; B-CONTAINING LIPOPROTEINS; ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; LIVER-DISEASE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; MESSENGER-RNA; EXPRESSION AB Aims: Overproduction of hepatic very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles is a major abnormality of lipoprotein dysregulation in type 2 diabetes (T2D). We sought to examine the relationship between systemic/hepatic inflammation associated with insulin resistance and apolipoprotein (apo)B100-containing VLDL production. Methods and results: At the age of 19 wks, Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats showed systemic inflammation (plasma TNF-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 levels increased), insulin resistance (plasma retinol binding protein 4 and soluble CD36 levels were higher), dyslipidemia and fatty liver (plasma and liver triglyceride and cholesterol levels were higher as well as total VLDL-, VLDL1-, VLDL2-apoB100 and VLDL-triglycerides were overproduced), compared with the control rats. In livers of OLETF rats, mRNA levels of tnf, il1b and il6 were increased, but an anti-inflammatory protein, zinc finger protein 36, and its mRNA expression were decreased. We also found that the liver mRNA, protein levels, and tyrosine phosphorylation (pY) of insulin receptor (InsR) substrate (IRS) 2, but not IRS1, were decreased in OLETF rats; pY of InsR and Akt protein and phospho-Akt (ser437) were also reduced; but protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B protein was overexpressed. The gene expressions of glucose transporters 1 and 2, and glycogen synthase were decreased, but phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta mRNAs were overexpressed, compared with the controls. Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c mRNA, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 mRNA, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein mRNA/protein, and CD36 mRNA/protein levels were increased and lipoprotein lipase and Niemann-Pick c1-like1 mRNA levels were decreased, which are all involved in lipogenesis. Decreased sirtuins1-3 mRNA levels were also observed in OLETF rats. Conclusions: These abnormal genes, proteins expression and phosphorylation of multiple pathways related to inflammatory, insulin signaling and lipogenesis may be important underlying factors in VLDL-apoB100 particles overproduction observed in T2D. Our data contribute to the further understanding of an association of dyslipoproteinemia with systemic metabolic disorders, fatty liver and dysregulated hepatic metabolic pathways. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Qin, Bolin; Anderson, Richard A.] ARS, USDA, BHNRC, DGIL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Qin, Bolin] Integr Nutraceut Int, Springhill, TN 37174 USA. [Kuzuya, Teiji] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Gastroenterol, Nagoya, Aichi 4668550, Japan. [Kitaura, Yasuyuki; Shimomura, Yoshiharu] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Bioagr Sci, Dept Appl Mol Biosci, Lab Nutr Biochem, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. RP Qin, BL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, BHNRC, DGIL, Bldg 307C,Room 215,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Bolin.Qin@ars.usda.gov FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [20300216]; USDA CRADA [58-3K95-7-1184]; Integrity Nutraceuticals International, Spring Hill FX This project was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (20300216 to Y.S.) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan and a USDA CRADA (No. 58-3K95-7-1184) with Integrity Nutraceuticals International, Spring Hill, TN. Y. Shimomura was affiliated with the Nagoya Institute of Technology until July 2008. A part of this work was performed at that institute. Authors thank the staff at Dr. Shimomura's lab for their assistance and support. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JUN PY 2012 VL 222 IS 2 BP 409 EP 416 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.03.033 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 947OJ UT WOS:000304439000017 PM 22546076 ER PT J AU Lluis-Ganella, C Subirana, I Lucas, G Tomas, M Munoz, D Senti, M Salas, E Sala, J Ramos, R Ordovas, JM Marrugat, J Elosua, R AF Lluis-Ganella, Carla Subirana, Isaac Lucas, Gavin Tomas, Marta Munoz, Daniel Senti, Mariano Salas, Eduardo Sala, Joan Ramos, Rafel Ordovas, Jose M. Marrugat, Jaume Elosua, Roberto TI Assessment of the value of a genetic risk score in improving the estimation of coronary risk SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE Coronary artery disease; Cardiovascular disease; Genetic variants; Genetic risk; Polymorphisms; Risk assessment ID HEART-DISEASE RISK; CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS; ARTERY-DISEASE; PREDICTION; FRAMINGHAM; ASSOCIATION; LOCUS; RECLASSIFICATION; PREVALENCE; STATISTICS AB Background: The American Heart Association has established criteria for the evaluation of novel markers of cardiovascular risk. In accordance with these criteria, we assessed the association between a multi-locus genetic risk score (GRS) and incident coronary heart disease (CHD), and evaluated whether this GRS improves the predictive capacity of the Framingham risk function. Methods and results: Using eight genetic variants associated with CHD but not with classical cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), we generated a multi-locus GRS, and found it to be linearly associated with CHD in two population based cohorts: The REGICOR Study (n = 2351) and The Framingham Heart Study (n = 3537) (meta-analyzed HR [95% CI]: similar to 1.13 [1.01-1.27], per unit). Inclusion of the GRS in the Framingham risk function improved its discriminative capacity in the Framingham sample (c-statistic: 72.81 vs. 72.37, p = 0.042) but not in the REGICOR sample. According to both the net reclassification improvement (NRI) index and the integrated discrimination index (IDI), the GRS improved re-classification among individuals with intermediate coronary risk (meta-analysis NRI [95% CI]: 17.44 [8.04; 26.83]), but not overall. Conclusions: A multi-locus GRS based on genetic variants unrelated to CVRFs was associated with a linear increase in risk of CHD events in two distinct populations. This GRS improves risk reclassification particularly in the population at intermediate coronary risk. These results indicate the potential value of the inclusion of genetic information in classical functions for risk assessment in the intermediate risk population group. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Elosua, Roberto] IMIM, Cardiovasc Epidemiol & Genet Res Grp, Barcelona 08003, Spain. [Subirana, Isaac; Elosua, Roberto] CIBER Epidemiol & Publ Hlth CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain. [Senti, Mariano] Pompeu Fabra Univ, Barcelona, Spain. [Salas, Eduardo] Gendiag Exe, Barcelona, Spain. [Sala, Joan] Hosp Univ Josep Trueta, Dept Cardiol, Girona, Spain. [Ramos, Rafel] Primary Care Res Inst IDIAP Jordi Gol, Girona, Spain. [Ramos, Rafel] Univ Girona, Sch Med, Dept Med Sci, Girona, Spain. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab,Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] CNIC, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Genet, Madrid, Spain. RP Elosua, R (reprint author), IMIM, Cardiovasc Epidemiol & Genet Res Grp, Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain. EM relosua@imim.es RI Lluis-Ganella, Carla/G-5998-2012; Senti, M/D-4309-2014; Ramos , Rafel/D-9627-2016; OI Lluis-Ganella, Carla/0000-0001-7609-5497; Ramos , Rafel/0000-0001-8146-5288; Ramos , Rafel/0000-0001-7970-5537; ELOSUA, ROBERTO/0000-0001-8235-0095; Senti, Mariano/0000-0002-6983-3831; Marrugat, Jaume/0000-0003-3320-554X FU ACC1O [RD08-1-0024]; European Funds for Development (ERDF-FEDER); Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Carlos III Health Institute [CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Red HERACLES] [RD06/0009, PI061254, PI09/90506]; Fundacio Marato TV3 [081810, 080431]; Catalan Research and Technology Innovation Interdepartmental Commission [SGR 1195]; Ministerio de Educacion [JCI-2009-04684]; Comissionat per a Universitat I Recerca del Departament d'Innovacio, Universitats I Empresa de la Generalitat de Catalunya [2007-BP-B1-0068]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [DK075030]; US Department of Agriculture Research [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001]; Spanish National DNA Bank [2008/0012]; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) [HL-54776, N01-HC-25195, N02-HL-64278]; Boston University [N01-HC-25195]; [1534] FX This work was supported by a grant from ACC1O (RD08-1-0024), the European Funds for Development (ERDF-FEDER), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Carlos III Health Institute [CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Red HERACLES RD06/0009, PI061254, PI09/90506], Fundacio Marato TV3 (081810 and 080431), and by the Catalan Research and Technology Innovation Interdepartmental Commission [SGR 1195]. GL was funded by the Juan de la Cierva Program, Ministerio de Educacion (JCI-2009-04684). MT was funded the Comissionat per a Universitat I Recerca del Departament d'Innovacio, Universitats I Empresa de la Generalitat de Catalunya (2007-BP-B1-0068). JMO was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grant HL-54776, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Grant Number DK075030 and by contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture Research. We also thank the Spanish National DNA Bank for providing DNA samples (Project 2008/0012).; The Framingham Heart Study is conducted and supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) in collaboration with Boston University (Contract No. N01-HC-25195). This manuscript was not prepared in collaboration with investigators of the Framingham Heart Study and does not necessarily reflect the opinions or views of the Framingham Heart Study, Boston University, or NHLBI. Funding for SHARe genotyping was provided by NHLBI Contract N02-HL-64278. The corresponding author had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.; The authors from the Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Genetics Group, IMIM, declare that they are collaborating with the companies Gendiag.exe and Ferrer InCode in the assessment of genetic markers as a tool to improve the predictive capacity of cardiovascular risk functions. This collaboration was formalized by an agreement between these companies and IMIM, without personal benefit for the signing authors. Access to the Framingham data through the Framingham Share initiative in the Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (Project number 1534) was available only for some of the authors (CL, IS, GL, MT, RE). ES is employee of Gendiag.exe. NR 37 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JUN PY 2012 VL 222 IS 2 BP 456 EP 463 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.03.024 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 947OJ UT WOS:000304439000023 PM 22521901 ER PT J AU Zhang, JS Nagai, C Yu, QY Pan, YB Ayala-Silva, T Schnell, RJ Comstock, JC Arumuganathan, AK Ming, R AF Zhang, Jisen Nagai, Chifumi Yu, Qingyi Pan, Yong-Bao Ayala-Silva, Tomas Schnell, Raymond J. Comstock, Jack C. Arumuganathan, Aru K. Ming, Ray TI Genome size variation in three Saccharum species SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE DNA content; Genome size; Flow cytometry; Sugarcane; Saccharum species ID NUCLEAR-DNA CONTENT; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SUGARCANE; SPONTANEUM; MARKERS AB species are autopolyploids with ploidy level ranging from 5 to 16, and are considered the most complex genomes among crop plants. In present study, the genome sizes of 28 accessions, 15 accessions, 28 accessions, and 12 hybrids spp. were analyzed using flow cytometry. The estimated genome sizes of accessions ranged from 7.50 to 8.55 Gb with an average size of 7.88 Gb. In , the estimated genome sizes ranged from 7.65 to 11.78, reflecting the variation of ploidy level. In , the estimated genome sizes varied widely, with a range from 3.36 to 12.64 Gb, also due to variation of ploidy level. The average monoploid genome size of was 985 Mb, and that of was 843 Mb. The results also showed that genome sizes were correlated with chromosome numbers, and based which, that the unknown chromosome numbers of some accessions could be predicted. The estimated genome sizes of germplasm also helped identify some mislabeled accessions and yielded information critical for sugarcane breeding and genome sequencing programs. C1 [Zhang, Jisen; Ming, Ray] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Zhang, Jisen] Fujian Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Fuzhou 350108, Peoples R China. [Nagai, Chifumi] Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Waipahu, HI 96797 USA. [Yu, Qingyi] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, AgriLife Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Pan, Yong-Bao] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Lab, MSA, Houma, LA 70360 USA. [Ayala-Silva, Tomas; Schnell, Raymond J.] USDA ARS, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Comstock, Jack C.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. [Arumuganathan, Aru K.] Virginia Mason, Benaroya Res Inst, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Ming, R (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM rming@life.illinois.edu FU International Consortium for Sugarcane Biotechnology; Consortium for Plant Biotechnology Research FX This project was supported by grants from the International Consortium for Sugarcane Biotechnology and the Consortium for Plant Biotechnology Research. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 EI 1573-5060 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD JUN PY 2012 VL 185 IS 3 BP 511 EP 519 DI 10.1007/s10681-012-0664-6 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 943WR UT WOS:000304156900016 ER PT J AU Pakpour, N Corby-Harris, V Green, GP Smithers, HM Cheung, KW Riehle, MA Lockhart, S AF Pakpour, Nazzy Corby-Harris, Vanessa Green, Gabriel P. Smithers, Hannah M. Cheung, Kong W. Riehle, Michael A. Lockhart, Shirley TI Ingested Human Insulin Inhibits the Mosquito NF-kappa B-Dependent Immune Response to Plasmodium falciparum SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID MALARIA PARASITE INFECTION; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; ACTIVATION; DROSOPHILA; EXPRESSION; KINASES; VECTOR; GENES; STEPHENSI AB We showed previously that ingested human insulin activates the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway in Anopheles stephensi and increases the susceptibility of these mosquitoes to Plasmodium falciparum. In other organisms, insulin can alter immune responsiveness through regulation of NF-kappa B transcription factors, critical elements for innate immunity that are also central to mosquito immunity. We show here that insulin signaling decreased expression of NF-kappa B-regulated immune genes in mosquito cells stimulated with either bacterial or malarial soluble products. Further, human insulin suppressed mosquito immunity through sustained phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation, since inhibition of this pathway led to decreased parasite development in the mosquito. Together, these data demonstrate that activation of the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway by ingested human insulin can alter NF-kappa B-dependent immunity, and ultimately the susceptibility, of mosquitoes to P. falciparum. C1 [Pakpour, Nazzy; Green, Gabriel P.; Smithers, Hannah M.; Cheung, Kong W.; Lockhart, Shirley] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Corby-Harris, Vanessa] USDA, ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Riehle, Michael A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Pakpour, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM npakpour@ucdavis.edu FU NIH NIAID [R01 AI080799, R01 AI073745] FX Funding for these studies was provided by NIH NIAID R01 AI080799 and R01 AI073745. NR 53 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 EI 1098-5522 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 80 IS 6 BP 2141 EP 2149 DI 10.1128/IAI.00024-12 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 946WH UT WOS:000304387700020 PM 22473605 ER PT J AU Brunet, J Larson-Rabin, Z Stewart, CM AF Brunet, Johanne Larson-Rabin, Zachary Stewart, Christy M. TI THE DISTRIBUTION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY WITHIN AND AMONG POPULATIONS OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN COLUMBINE: THE IMPACT OF GENE FLOW, POLLINATORS, AND MATING SYSTEM SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Aquilegia coerulea; gene flow; genetic diversity; pollinators; population ID AQUILEGIA-CANADENSIS RANUNCULACEAE; CAERULEA RANUNCULACEAE; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; PUBESCENS; FORMOSA; PLANT; LOCI; DIFFERENTIATION; SOFTWARE; DISTANCE AB The distribution of genetic diversity of a plant species over the landscape provides insight into the evolutionary process and affects conservation strategies. We used both conventional methods (F statistic and analysis of molecular variance) and more recently developed methods (Structure and Population Graphs) to describe the genetic structure of 13 Aquilegia coerulea populations across four geographic areas. Gene flow played an important role in explaining the distribution of genetic diversity over the landscape in A. coerulea populations. We detected significant isolation by distance and identified long-distance dispersal events and instances of restricted gene flow. The long-distance dispersal events explained some of the genetic similarities observed among populations from different regions. Restricted gene flow contributed to the genetic differentiation detected among populations within some regions. Populations in Utah represented the most likely center of the range for this group of populations. The mating system had little influence on the distribution of genetic diversity, and the abundance of the two main pollinators did not explain differences among populations from different regions. Fire and differences in flowering phenology with altitude, combined with aggregated populations, limited gene flow and increased the genetic differentiation of some geographically close populations. C1 [Brunet, Johanne; Stewart, Christy M.] ARS, USDA, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Brunet, Johanne; Larson-Rabin, Zachary] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Brunet, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Entomol, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jbrunet@wisc.edu NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 36 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 173 IS 5 BP 484 EP 494 DI 10.1086/665263 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 946SY UT WOS:000304376700005 ER PT J AU Trapp, A Dixon, P Widrlechner, MP Kovach, DA AF Trapp, Allan, II Dixon, Philip Widrlechner, Mark P. Kovach, David A. TI Scheduling Viability Tests for Seeds in Long-Term Storage Based on a Bayesian Multi-Level Model SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE After-ripening; Maize; Optimal threshold; ROC curve; Seed dormancy; Seed viability ID THERMAL-TIME MODEL; DORMANCY RELEASE; GERMINATION; LONGEVITY; PREDICTION AB Genebank managers conduct viability tests on stored seeds so they can replace lots that have viability near a critical threshold, such as 50 or 85 % germination. Currently, these tests are typically scheduled at uniform intervals; testing every 5 years is common. A manager needs to balance the cost of an additional test against the possibility of losing a seed lot due to late retesting. We developed a data-informed method to schedule viability tests for a collection of 2,833 maize seed lots with 3 to 7 completed viability tests per lot. Given these historical data reporting on seed viability at arbitrary times, we fit a hierarchical Bayesian seed-viability model with random seed lot specific coefficients. The posterior distribution of the predicted time to cross below a critical threshold was estimated for each seed lot. We recommend a predicted quantile as a retest time, chosen to balance the importance of catching quickly decaying lots against the cost of premature tests. The method can be used with any seed-viability model; we focused on two, the Avrami viability curve and a quadratic curve that accounts for seed after-ripening. After fitting both models, we found that the quadratic curve gave more plausible predictions than did the Avrami curve. Also, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and a follow-up test demonstrated that a 0.05 quantile yields reasonable predictions. C1 [Trapp, Allan, II; Dixon, Philip] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Trapp, Allan, II; Dixon, Philip] Iowa State Univ, Stat Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Widrlechner, Mark P.; Kovach, David A.] ARS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Kovach, David A.] Iowa State Univ, N Cent Reg Plant Intro Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Trapp, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Snedecor Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM atrapp@iastate.edu; pdixon@iastate.edu; isumw@iastate.edu; David.Kovach@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [3625-21000-053, 1018]; Hatch Act; State of Iowa FX Journal paper of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa, Project No. 1018, was supported by USDA-ARS Research Project 3625-21000-053, Hatch Act and State of Iowa funds. Mention of commercial brand names does not constitute an endorsement of any product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or cooperating agencies. We would also like to thank Dr. Candice Gardner for her input. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1085-7117 EI 1537-2693 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 17 IS 2 BP 192 EP 208 DI 10.1007/s13253-012-0085-y PG 17 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 947CI UT WOS:000304403800003 ER PT J AU Velasco-Cruz, C Leman, SC Hudy, M Smith, EP AF Velasco-Cruz, Ciro Leman, Scotland C. Hudy, Mark Smith, Eric P. TI Assessing the Risk of Rising Temperature on Brook Trout: A Spatial Dynamic Linear Risk Model SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Brook trout fish; Dynamic linear models; Exponential covariogram; Risk assessment; Spatiotemporal data; Variable selection ID POTENTIAL HABITAT LOSS; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; VARIABLE SELECTION; APPALACHIAN TROUT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NATIVE RANGE; POPULATIONS; MOUNTAINS; SYSTEM; GIS AB Understanding the relationship between air temperature and water temperature is a critical component in the management of aquatic resources. One important application is for stream fisheries that have temperature-sensitive fish. Co-located devices were used to obtain air and water temperature for summer periods from 100 locations in Virginia that have native brook trout populations. We develop a dynamic spatiotemporal model that accounts for the relationship between air and water temperature, and the spatial and temporal correlation in the data. Our model allows for the inclusion of land use, solar gain and other site level characteristics that might influence the relationship. Our model also allows for predictive forecasts of the risk to fish at individual sites and one can track how the risk changes over time. The model may be used to rank sites with regard to risk, which aids management in prioritizing decisions about restoration and preservation. C1 [Velasco-Cruz, Ciro; Leman, Scotland C.; Smith, Eric P.] Virginia Tech, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Hudy, Mark] James Madison Univ, US Forest Serv, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, Harrisonburg, VA USA. RP Velasco-Cruz, C (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM cvelasco@vt.edu RI Hudy, Mark/D-4106-2013 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 17 IS 2 BP 246 EP 264 DI 10.1007/s13253-012-0088-8 PG 19 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 947CI UT WOS:000304403800006 ER PT J AU Medrano, EG Bell, AA AF Medrano, Enrique G. Bell, Alois A. TI Genome Sequence of Pantoea sp Strain Sc 1, an Opportunistic Cotton Pathogen SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION; AGGLOMERANS; GLIMMER; GENES; PLANT; SEED AB Pantoea is comprised of a broad spectrum of species, including plant pathogens. Here, we provide an annotated genome sequence of Pantoea sp. strain Sc 1, which was isolated from a diseased cotton boll. This research provides the first genome sequence of a bona fide Pantoea sp. insect-vectored cotton pathogen. C1 [Medrano, Enrique G.; Bell, Alois A.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Cotton Pathol Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. RP Medrano, EG (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Cotton Pathol Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. EM gino.medrano@ars.usda.gov FU USDA CRIS [6202-22000-026-00D] FX This work was supported by the USDA CRIS project number 6202-22000-026-00D. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 194 IS 11 BP 3019 EP 3019 DI 10.1128/JB.00450-12 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 944TX UT WOS:000304227800031 PM 22582377 ER PT J AU Escobar, MC Van Tassell, ML Martinez-Bustos, F Singh, M Castano-Tostado, E Amaya-Llano, SL Miller, MJ AF Escobar, M. C. Van Tassell, M. L. Martinez-Bustos, F. Singh, M. Castano-Tostado, E. Amaya-Llano, S. L. Miller, M. J. TI Characterization of a Panela cheese with added probiotics and fava bean starch SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bifidobacterium; Lactobacillus; probiotic cheese; Fresco cheese ID RESISTANT STARCH; LACTOBACILLUS-ACIDOPHILUS; CHEDDAR CHEESE; HUMAN-NUTRITION; FERMENTED MILK; FRESH CHEESE; BIFIDOBACTERIA; SURVIVAL; BACTERIA; VIABILITY AB Of 20 Lactobacillus and 8 Bifidobacterium species examined, only Bifidobacterium breve ATCC 15700 was able to ferment starch from fava beans. Bifidobacterium breve ATCC 15700 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103 were selected as probiotics for use in fresh-style Panda cheese. Two types of fresh cheese (with and without 3% fava bean starch) were manufactured with 3 combinations of probiotics: L. rhamnosus GG only; B. breve only, or both L. rhamnosus GG and B. breve. During 4 wk of storage at 4 degrees C, the addition of fava bean starch to the cheese was not found to cause significant differences in the viability of either probiotic strain. However, the microstructure and texture of Panela cheese were altered; resulting in a much softer product. A sensory panel showed that the presence of added fava bean starch in Panda cheese was less desirable to consumers, whereas probiotic supplementation had no effect on perceived taste or appearance. Panda cheese could be a suitable food for inclusion of probiotic bacteria. C1 [Van Tassell, M. L.; Miller, M. J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Escobar, M. C.; Castano-Tostado, E.; Amaya-Llano, S. L.] Univ Autonoma Queretaro, Programa Posgrad Alimentos Ctr Republ PROPAC, Queretaro 76010, Qro, Mexico. [Escobar, M. C.] Ist Nacl Invest Forestales Agr & Pecuarias, CENID Fisiol & Mejoramiento Anim, Colon 76280, Qro, Mexico. [Martinez-Bustos, F.] CINVESTAV Queretaro, Queretaro 76230, Qro, Mexico. [Singh, M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Miller, MJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mille216@illinois.edu OI Van Tassell, Maxwell/0000-0003-2216-4914; Miller, Michael/0000-0001-8579-1080 FU CONACYT (Mexico City, Mexico); ACES Global Connect (Urbana, IL) FX We thank the CINVESTAV-QRO (Queretaro, Mexico), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (Urbana, IL), and PROPAC (Queretaro, Mexico) for the facilities provided for the accomplishment of the present work, CONACYT (Mexico City, Mexico) for the MSc degree scholarship provided for the first author, and ACES Global Connect (Urbana, IL) for the financial support for this project. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 EI 1525-3198 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 95 IS 6 BP 2779 EP 2787 DI 10.3168/jds.2011-4655 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 944PD UT WOS:000304215400001 PM 22612915 ER PT J AU Safayi, S Korn, N Bertram, A Akers, RM Capuco, AV Pratt, SL Ellis, S AF Safayi, S. Korn, N. Bertram, A. Akers, R. M. Capuco, A. V. Pratt, S. L. Ellis, S. TI Myoepithelial cell differentiation markers in prepubertal bovine mammary gland: Effect of ovariectomy SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ovariectomy; myoepithelial; smooth muscle actin (SMA); common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CD10) ID BRANCHING MORPHOGENESIS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; BREAST-CANCER; PRIMARY CILIA; IN-VITRO; GROWTH; CD10; PROLIFERATION; APOPTOSIS; ESTROGEN AB We reported previously that ovariectomy alters prepubertal development of mammary myoepithelial cells (MC) by mechanisms that are not well understood. Therefore, in the present study, we analyzed expression of 2 myoepithelial differentiation markers, alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CD10), in mammary parenchymal tissue from intact (INT) and ovariectomized (OVX) heifers. On d 40, Holstein heifers underwent either an ovariectomy (OVX; n = 16) or a sham (TNT; n = 21) operation. At 55, 70, 85, 100, 130, and 160 d of age, tissues were collected, and multispectral imaging was used to quantify immunofluorescent staining for myoepithelial cell (MC) markers. Fluorescent intensity (FT) of the markers was normalized against a control sample. In the basal epithelial layer, CD10 FT was less and SMA FT was greater in OVX than INT. The ratio of SMA to CD10 FI, as a proxy indicator for MC differentiation, was greater in tissue from OVX compared with TNT heifers after 55 d of age. The staining for SMA was frequently more intense along the basal aspect of cells, whereas CD10 expression was localized on the apical surface of the MC. In mammary tissue from both TNT and OVX heifers, we observed basal cells that were negative for both CD10 and SMA, some of which appeared to span the distance from basement membrane to the ductal lumen. Interestingly, we also observed CD10(+) cells adjacent to the ductal lumen, a situation that was more prevalent in OVX than in TNT heifers. Also, ovariectomy affects MC expression of both SMA and CD10, as well as the pattern of MC development. Myoepithelial cells are known to limit parenchymal growth in other species. Involvement of MC as regulators of prepubertal bovine mammary development is worthy of further investigation. C1 [Safayi, S.; Korn, N.; Bertram, A.; Pratt, S. L.; Ellis, S.] Clemson Univ, Dept Anim & Vet Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Akers, R. M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Capuco, A. V.] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ellis, S (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Anim & Vet Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM ellis@clemson.edu FU National Research Initiative from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2006-35206-16699, 2009-35208-05778]; CSREES/USDA [SC-1700250] FX This project was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant nos. 2006-35206-16699, and 2009-35208-05778 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. Numerous individuals contributed to the care of heifers and sample collection required for this study, including H. Barton, J. Campbell, E. Curry, S. Duckett, D. Duffy, J. Fain, C. Floyd, S. Kuper, and A. Reed (all of Clemson University, Clemson, SC). This material is also based upon work supported by CSREES/USDA, under project number SC-1700250, and has been assigned Technical Contribution No. 5947 of the Clemson University Experiment Station. NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 95 IS 6 BP 2965 EP 2976 DI 10.3168/jds.2011-4690 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 944PD UT WOS:000304215400020 PM 22612934 ER PT J AU Dikmen, S Cole, JB Null, DJ Hansen, PJ AF Dikmen, S. Cole, J. B. Null, D. J. Hansen, P. J. TI Heritability of rectal temperature and genetic correlations with production and reproduction traits in dairy cattle SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heritability; rectal temperature; heat stress ID HEAT-STRESS; COWS; TOLERANCE; SELECTION AB Genetic selection for body temperature during heat stress might be a useful approach to reduce the magnitude of heat stress effects on production and reproduction. Objectives of the study were to estimate the genetic parameters of rectal temperature (PT) in dairy cows in freestall barns under heat stress conditions and to determine the genetic and phenotypic correlations of rectal temperature with other traits. Afternoon PT were measured in a total of 1,695 lactating Holstein cows sired by 509 bulls during the summer in North Florida.. Genetic parameters were estimated with Gibbs sampling, and best linear unbiased predictions of breeding values were predicted using an animal model. The heritability of RT was estimated to be 0.17 +/- 0.13. Predicted transmitting abilities for rectal temperature changed 0.0068 +/- 0.0020 degrees C/yr from (birth year) 2002 to 2008. Approximate genetic correlations between RT and 305-d milk, fat, and protein yields, productive life, and net merit were significant and positive; whereas approximate genetic correlations between TIT and somatic cell count score and daughter pregnancy rate were significant and negative. Rectal temperature during heat stress has moderate heritability, but genetic correlations with economically important traits mean that selection for RT could lead to lower productivity unless methods are used to identify genes affecting RT that do not adversely affect other traits of economic importance. C1 [Hansen, P. J.] Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Dikmen, S.] Uludag Univ, Fac Vet Med, Dept Anim Sci, TR-16059 Bursa, Turkey. [Cole, J. B.; Null, D. J.] ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hansen, PJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM pjhansen@ufl.edu RI Cole, John/J-8571-2014 OI Cole, John/0000-0003-1242-4401 FU National Research Initiative Competitive from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2010-85122-20623]; Uludag University [BAP YDP(V) 2010/15] FX This study was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant number 2010-85122-20623 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture and by grant number BAP YDP(V) 2010/15 from the Scientific Research Project Directorship of Uludag University. The authors thank the following for providing access to cows and records: Eric Diepersloot of the University of Florida Dairy Research Unit (Hague, FL); Ron St. John and the employees of Alliance Dairy (Trenton, FL); and Pam Bliss and the employees of Hilltop Dairy (Trenton, FL). The cooperation of the Holstein Association USA (Brattleboro, VT) in supplying pedigree data for registered cows and the dairy records processing centers AgriTech Analytics (Visalia, CA), AgSource Cooperative Services (Verona, WI), Dairy Records Management Systems (Raleigh, NC, and Ames, IA), and DHI Computing Services (Provo, UT) in supplying pedigree data for grade cows and lactation yield data is acknowledged. Two anonymous reviewers and the editor are thanked for providing comments and suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 95 IS 6 BP 3401 EP 3405 DI 10.3168/jds.2011-4306 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 944PD UT WOS:000304215400060 PM 22612974 ER PT J AU Wiggans, GR VanRaden, PM Cooper, TA AF Wiggans, G. R. VanRaden, P. M. Cooper, T. A. TI Technical note: Adjustment of all cow evaluations for yield traits to be comparable with bull evaluations SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cow evaluation; genomics; Mendelian sampling; parent average AB Traditional evaluations of cows with genotypes have been adjusted since April 2010 to be comparable with evaluations of bulls so that their value for estimation of single nucleotide polymorphism effects in genomic evaluation programs would be improved. However, that adjustment made them not comparable with traditional evaluations of nongenotyped cows. To create an adjustment for all cows with an evaluation based on US data, Mendelian sampling, which is the difference between predicted transmitting ability (PTA) and parent average (PA), was calculated for milk, fat; and protein yields and divided by a deregression factor. Standard deviations for the deregressed Mendelian sampling (DMS) were grouped by reliability with PA contribution removed (RELno (PA)). A multiplicative adjustment to reduce the DMS standard deviation for cows so that it would be the same as for bulls with similar RELno PA was represented as a linear function of RELno PA. Mean cow PA by birth year was subtracted from individual bull and cow PA to create within-year PA deviation groups, and mean DMS was calculated by PA deviation group. Means decreased for bulls and increased for cows with increasing deviation. The differences were fit by linear regression on PA deviation and used to adjust cow DMS. The adjustment reduced PTA of cows with a high PA and increased PTA of cows with a low PA but did not change estimated genetic trend because adjustment was within birth year. The adjustment also reduced variance of cow evaluations within birth year. Traditional evaluations of genotyped cows with a RELno PA of >= 55% were further adjusted so that the difference between those evaluations and direct genomic values calculated using only bulls as predictors was similar to that for bulls. The second adjustment was small compared with a 2010 adjustment and, therefore, had little effect on the comparability of evaluations for genotyped and nongenotyped cows. Cows with converted evaluations from other countries were excluded from the predictor population; and their converted evaluations were adjusted so that the difference between their mean PTA and direct genomic value was the same as the corresponding difference for bulls. For cows with converted evaluations, the adjustment amount differed depending on RELno PA (<55% or >= 55%). The new adjustment was implemented by USDA in April 2011 and permits a fairer comparison of estimated genetic merit between nongenotyped and genotyped cows. C1 [Wiggans, G. R.; VanRaden, P. M.; Cooper, T. A.] ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wiggans, GR (reprint author), ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM George.Wiggans@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 95 IS 6 BP 3444 EP 3447 DI 10.3168/jds.2011-5000 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 944PD UT WOS:000304215400065 PM 22612979 ER PT J AU Shea, MK Booth, SL Nettleton, JA Burke, GL Chen, HY Kritchevsky, SB AF Shea, M. Kyla Booth, Sarah L. Nettleton, Jennifer A. Burke, Gregory L. Chen, Haiying Kritchevsky, Stephen B. TI Circulating Phylloquinone Concentrations of Adults in the United States Differ According to Race and Ethnicity SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; K BIOCHEMICAL MEASURES; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; VITAMIN-K; ATHEROSCLEROSIS MESA; SERUM 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; CORONARY CALCIFICATION; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; US POPULATION AB Differences in micronutrient status are reported to contribute to racial and ethnic differences in chronic diseases. Diseases related to vitamin K are reported to differ by race and ethnicity, but it is unclear if circulating vitamin K concentrations similarly differ. We examined racial and ethnic differences in serum phylloquionone (K1) in the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) (mean +/- SD age = 62 +/- 10 y; 52% female; 262 white, 180 African American, 169 Hispanic, 93 Chinese American). Overall, 25% had serum K1 <0.1 nmol/L (the lower limit of detection). The prevalence of low serum K1 was 4% in Chinese Americans compared with 24% of whites, 29% of African Americans, and 33% of Hispanics. Compared with whites, Chinese Americans were significantly less likely to have serum K1 <0.1 nmol/L (OR (95% Cl): 0.23 (0.09-0.23), adjusted for serum TG, K1 intake, age, sex, BM I, smoking, total cholesterol, site, season, and lipid-lowering medication use). African Americans and Hispanics had similar odds to whites for having serum K1 <0.1 nmol/L [OR(95% CI): 1.30 (0.79-2.15) and 1.19 (0.66-2.15), respectively; fully adjusted]. In participants with detectable concentrations (n = 523), (natural log) serum K1 was higher in the Chinese Americans compared with whites, African Americans, and Hispanics (geometric mean +/- SEM = 2.2 +/- 0.1 nmol/L vs. 1.2 +/- 0.1 nmol/L, 1.5 +/- 0.1 nmol/L, and 1.1 +/- 0.1 nmol/L, respectively, adjusted for serum TG, K1 intake, and additional covariates; all P < 0.001). These findings suggest circulating K1 differs by race and ethnicity in U.S. adults, especially among those of Chinese American descent, which merits consideration in the design and interpretation of future population-based and clinical studies of vitamin K and related diseases. J. Nutr. 142: 1060-1066, 2012. C1 [Shea, M. Kyla; Kritchevsky, Stephen B.] Wake Forest Sch Med, Sticht Ctr Aging, Winston Salem, NC 27106 USA. [Burke, Gregory L.; Chen, Haiying] Wake Forest Sch Med, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Booth, Sarah L.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Nettleton, Jennifer A.] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci, Houston, TX USA. RP Shea, MK (reprint author), Wake Forest Sch Med, Sticht Ctr Aging, Winston Salem, NC 27106 USA. EM kshea@wakehealth.edu OI Kritchevsky, Stephen/0000-0003-3336-6781 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [N01-HC-95159, N01-HC-95169]; National Institute of Aging [P30AG021332-08]; AHA [09CRP2070013]; Wake Forest University Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center [P30-AG21332]; USDA, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707]; NIH, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [5K01DK082729] FX Supported by contracts N01-HC-95159 through N01-HC-95169 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, and by the National Institute of Aging (P30AG021332-08), the AHA (09CRP2070013), the Wake Forest University Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (P30-AG21332), and the USDA, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-1950-7-707. J.A.N. is supported by a K01 from the NIH, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (5K01DK082729). NR 43 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 142 IS 6 BP 1060 EP 1066 DI 10.3945/jn.111.154278 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 946EY UT WOS:000304335500013 PM 22496402 ER PT J AU Swanson, CA Zimmermann, MB Skeaff, S Pearce, EN Dwyer, JT Trumbo, PR Zehaluk, C Andrews, KW Carriquiry, A Caldwel, KL Egan, SK Long, SE Bailey, RL Sullivan, KM Holden, JM Betz, JM Phinney, KW Brooks, SPJ Johnson, CL Haggans, CJ AF Swanson, Christine A. Zimmermann, Michael B. Skeaff, Sheila Pearce, Elizabeth N. Dwyer, Johanna T. Trumbo, Paula R. Zehaluk, Christina Andrews, Karen W. Carriquiry, Alicia Caldwel, Kathleen L. Egan, S. Kathleen Long, Stephen E. Bailey, Regan Lucas Sullivan, Kevin M. Holden, Joanne M. Betz, Joseph M. Phinney, Karen W. Brooks, Stephen P. J. Johnson, Clifford L. Haggans, Carol J. TI Summary of an NIH Workshop to Identify Research Needs to Improve the Monitoring of Iodine Status in the United States and to Inform the DRI SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID URINARY IODINE; THYROID-FUNCTION; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; IODIZED SALT; BREAST-MILK; NATIONAL-HEALTH; DOUBLE-BLIND; DEFICIENCY; NUTRITION AB The Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the NIH sponsored a workshop on May 12-13, 2011, to bring together representatives from various NIH institutes and centers as a first step in developing an NIH iodine research initiative. The workshop also provided an opportunity to identify research needs that would inform the dietary reference intakes for iodine, which were last revised in 2001. Iodine is required throughout the life cycle, but pregnant women and infants are the populations most at risk of deficiency, because iodine is required for normal brain development and growth. The CDC monitors iodine status of the population on a regular basis, but the status of the most vulnerable populations remains uncertain. The NIH funds very little investigator-initiated research relevant to iodine and human nutrition, but the ODS has worked for several years with a number of other U.S. government agencies to develop many of the resources needed to conduct iodine research of high quality (e.g., validated analytical methods and reference materials for multiple types of samples). Iodine experts, scientists from several U.S. government agencies, and NIH representatives met for 2 d to identify iodine research needs appropriate to the NIH mission. J. Nutr. 142: 1175S-1185S, 2012. C1 [Swanson, Christine A.; Dwyer, Johanna T.; Bailey, Regan Lucas; Betz, Joseph M.; Haggans, Carol J.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Zimmermann, Michael B.] ETH, Inst Food & Nutr, Zurich, Switzerland. [Skeaff, Sheila] Univ Otago, Dept Human Nutr, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Pearce, Elizabeth N.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Evans Ctr Interdisciplinary Biomed Res, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Trumbo, Paula R.; Egan, S. Kathleen] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. [Zehaluk, Christina; Brooks, Stephen P. J.] Hlth Canada, Bur Nutr Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Andrews, Karen W.; Holden, Joanne M.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Carriquiry, Alicia] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA USA. [Caldwel, Kathleen L.; Sullivan, Kevin M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Long, Stephen E.; Phinney, Karen W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Johnson, Clifford L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Swanson, CA (reprint author), NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, 6100 Execut Blvd,Room 3B01, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM swansonc@od.nih.gov RI Zimmermann, Michael/C-3062-2016; OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU NIH Office of Dietary Supplements FX Published in a supplement to The Journal of Nutrition. Presented at the Office of Dietary Supplements Iodine Workshop, held in Rockville, Maryland, May 12-13, 2011. The workshop was organized and sponsored by the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH or other government agencies. The views expressed in these papers are not necessarily those of the Supplement Coordinator or Guest Editors. The Supplement Coordinator for this supplement was Christine A. Swanson, Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH. Supplement Coordinator disclosures: Christine A. Swanson had no conflicts to disclose. This supplement is the responsibility of the Guest Editor to whom the Editor of The Journal of Nutrition has delegated supervision of both technical conformity to the published regulations of The Journal of Nutrition and general oversight of the scientific merit of each article. The Guest Editor for this supplement was A. Catharine Ross, Guest Editor disclosure: A. Catharine Ross had no conflicts to disclose. Publication costs for this supplement were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This publication must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and are not attributable to the sponsors or the publisher, Editor, or Editorial Board of The Journal of Nutrition. NR 92 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 142 IS 6 BP 1175S EP 1185S DI 10.3945/jn.111.156448 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 946EY UT WOS:000304335500030 PM 22551802 ER PT J AU Walter, AJ Hall, DG Duan, YP AF Walter, Abigail J. Hall, David G. Duan, Yong Ping TI Low Incidence of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' in Murraya paniculata and Associated Diaphorina citri SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID TAMARIXIA-RADIATA HYMENOPTERA; REAL-TIME PCR; HEMIPTERA PSYLLIDAE; FLORIDA CITRUS; HOST PLANTS; HOMOPTERA; TRANSMISSION; DISEASE; EULOPHIDAE; DIVERSITY AB Walter, A. J., Hall, D. G., and Duan, Y. P. 2012. Low incidence of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' in Murraya paniculata and associated Diaphorina citri. Plant Dis. 96:827-832. Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most devastating diseases of citrus worldwide. 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' is the prevalent species of three HLB-associated Liberibacter spp., which is vectored by the psyllid Diaphorina citri. The vector and the bacteria have host plants outside the genus Citrus, and these plants have the potential to affect disease epidemiology within citrus groves. Murraya paniculata could be especially problematic because it is a popular ornamental plant and a host of both psyllid and bacteria. We conducted a year-long survey of eight urban plantings of M. paniculata in east-central Florida to characterize 'Ca. L. asiaticus' infection rates in plants and associated psyllids. Using sensitive quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) primers targeting two prophage genes of 'Ca. L. asiaticus', we found infection to be extremely low: less than 1% of psyllids and 1.8% of plants. With qPCR primers targeting 'Ca. L. asiaticus' 16S rDNA, none of the plants and only one psyllid were 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-positive. Therefore, the titer of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' is low in M. paniculata and associated psyllids. These results suggest that urban plantings of M. paniculata may serve as a minor source of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' inoculum. C1 [Duan, Yong Ping] ARS, Subtrop Plant Pathol Res Unit, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Walter, Abigail J.; Hall, David G.] ARS, Subtrop Insects Res Unit, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Duan, YP (reprint author), ARS, Subtrop Plant Pathol Res Unit, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM Yongping.Duan@ars.usda.gov RI Walter, Abigail/F-5574-2012 OI Walter, Abigail/0000-0003-1388-3706 FU FDACS [015579]; USDA-ARS Horticultural Research Laboratory; Specialty Crop Brock Grant FX Funding for this project was provided by the Specialty Crop Brock Grant, FDACS contract number 015579 and the USDA-ARS Horticultural Research Laboratory. We thank T. Edwards, M. Hentz, J. Malicoate, K. Moulton, P. Li, A. Stofella, and M. Watson for their excellent technical assistance; J. K. Morgan and B. Shatters for their advice; and S. Halbert and V. Damsteegt, whose comments improved this manuscript. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 96 IS 6 BP 827 EP 832 DI 10.1094/PDIS-08-11-0668 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 944EM UT WOS:000304182100007 ER PT J AU Webb, SE Adkins, S Reitz, SR AF Webb, Susan E. Adkins, Scott Reitz, Stuart R. TI Semipersistent Whitefly Transmission of Squash vein yellowing virus, Causal Agent of Viral Watermelon Vine Decline SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID LEAF CURL VIRUS; BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII; FAMILY POTYVIRIDAE; ARTHROPOD TRANSMISSION; SILVERLEAF DISORDER; PLANT-VIRUSES; FLORIDA; TOMATO; CUCURBITS; CLOSTEROVIRUS AB Webb, S. E., Adkins, S., and Reitz, S. R. 2012. Semipersistent whitefly transmission of Squash vein yellowing virus, causal agent of viral watermelon vine decline. Plant Dis. 96:839-844. Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV), a recently described Ipomovirus sp. in the family Potyviridae, is the cause of viral watermelon vine decline, a devastating disease in Florida. SqVYV is known to be transmitted by the whitetly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) B strain, but details of the transmission process have not previously been investigated. We completed a series of experiments to determine efficiency of transmission, effects of different acquisition and inoculation access periods, the length of time that whiteflies retained transmissible virus, and the minimum time needed to complete a cycle of acquisition and inoculation. Efficiency was low, with at least 30 whitetlies per plant needed for consistent transmission. Acquisition leading to later transmission peaked at 4 h, and inoculation access periods longer than 4 to 8 h led to no increase in infection rates. Whiteflies retained virus only a short time, with no transmission by 24 h after removal from infected plants. A minimum of 3 h was needed to complete a cycle of transmission under laboratory conditions. These results demonstrate semipersistent transmission of SqVYV and will help refine models of the epidemiology of this virus and the disease it causes. C1 [Webb, Susan E.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Adkins, Scott] ARS, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Reitz, Stuart R.] ARS, USDA, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. RP Webb, SE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM sewe@ufl.edu RI Reitz, Stuart/B-7667-2008 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 96 IS 6 BP 839 EP 844 DI 10.1094/PDIS-09-11-0761 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 944EM UT WOS:000304182100009 ER PT J AU Byamukama, E Tatineni, S Hein, GL Graybosch, RA Baenziger, PS French, R Wegulo, SN AF Byamukama, E. Tatineni, S. Hein, G. L. Graybosch, R. A. Baenziger, P. S. French, R. Wegulo, S. N. TI Effects of Single and Double Infections of Winter Wheat by Triticum mosaic virus and Wheat streak mosaic virus on Yield Determinants SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; DISEASE SYNERGISM; IDENTIFICATION; REGISTRATION; CULTIVARS; RESISTANCE; IMPACT; KANSAS AB Byamukama, E., Tatineni, S., Hein, G. L., Graybosch, R. A., Baenziger, P. S., French, R., and Wegulo, S. N. 2012. Effects of single and double infections of winter wheat by Triticum mosaic virus and Wheat streak mosaic virus on yield determinants. Plant Dis. 96:859-864. Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) is a recently discovered virus infecting wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Great Plains region of the United States. It is transmitted by wheat curl mites (Aceria tosichella) which also transmit Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and Wheat mosaic virus. In a greenhouse study, winter wheat 'Millennium' (WSMV susceptible) and 'Mace' (WSMV resistant) were mechanically inoculated with TriMV, WSMV, TriMV+WSMV, or sterile water at the two-leaf growth stage. At 28 days after inoculation, final chlorophyll meter (soil plant analysis development [SPAD]) readings, area under the SPAD progress curve (AUSPC), the number of tillers per plant, shoot and root weight, and total nitrogen and carbon content were determined. In Millennium, all measured variables were significantly reduced by single or double virus infections, with the greatest reductions occurring in the double-infection treatment. In Mace, only final SPAD readings, AUSPC, and total nitrogen were significantly reduced by single or double virus infections. There was a significant (P <= 0.05), positive linear relationship between SPAD readings and shoot weight in Millennium but not in Mace. The relationship between total nitrogen and shoot weight was positive, linear, and significant in both cultivars. The results from this study indicate that Mace, a WSMV-resistant cultivar, is also resistant to TriMV, and double infection of winter wheat by TriMV and WSMV exacerbates symptom expression and loss of biomass in susceptible cultivars. C1 [Byamukama, E.; Tatineni, S.; French, R.; Wegulo, S. N.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Tatineni, S.; Graybosch, R. A.; French, R.] Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Hein, G. L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Graybosch, R. A.; Baenziger, P. S.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Wegulo, SN (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM swegulo2@unl.edu RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014; OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954; Wegulo, Stephen/0000-0002-4435-6055 FU Agriculture and Food Research Initiative from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2010-85605-20546] FX Funding for this work was provided by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program Grant Number 2010-85605-20546 from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 96 IS 6 BP 859 EP 864 DI 10.1094/PDIS-11-11-0957-RE PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 944EM UT WOS:000304182100012 ER PT J AU Rubio, I Hiddink, G Asma, M Bull, CT AF Rubio, I. Hiddink, G. Asma, M. Bull, C. T. TI First Report of the Crucifer Pathogen Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis Causing Bacterial Blight on Radish (Raphanus sativus) in Germany SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Rubio, I.] Calif State Univ, Undergrad Res Opportun Ctr, Seaside, CA 93955 USA. [Bull, C. T.] ARS, USDA, Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Rubio, I (reprint author), Calif State Univ, Undergrad Res Opportun Ctr, Seaside, CA 93955 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 96 IS 6 BP 904 EP 904 DI 10.1094/PDIS-01-12-0043-PDN PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 944EM UT WOS:000304182100018 ER PT J AU Melzer, MJ Sugano, JS Cabanas, D Dey, KK Kandouh, B Mauro, D Rushanaedy, I Srivastava, S Watanabe, S Borth, WB Tripathi, S Matsumoto, T Keith, L Gonsalves, D Hu, JS AF Melzer, M. J. Sugano, J. S. Cabanas, D. Dey, K. K. Kandouh, B. Mauro, D. Rushanaedy, I. Srivastava, S. Watanabe, S. Borth, W. B. Tripathi, S. Matsumoto, T. Keith, L. Gonsalves, D. Hu, J. S. TI First Report of Pepper mottle virus Infecting Tomato in Hawaii SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Melzer, M. J.; Sugano, J. S.; Cabanas, D.; Dey, K. K.; Kandouh, B.; Mauro, D.; Rushanaedy, I.; Srivastava, S.; Watanabe, S.; Borth, W. B.; Hu, J. S.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Tripathi, S.; Matsumoto, T.; Keith, L.; Gonsalves, D.] USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Melzer, MJ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 96 IS 6 BP 917 EP 917 DI 10.1094/PDIS-02-12-0147-PDN PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 944EM UT WOS:000304182100053 ER PT J AU Saballos, A Sattler, SE Sanchez, E Foster, TP Xin, ZG Kang, C Pedersen, JF Vermerris, W AF Saballos, Ana Sattler, Scott E. Sanchez, Emiliano Foster, Timothy P. Xin, Zhanguo Kang, ChulHee Pedersen, Jeffrey F. Vermerris, Wilfred TI Brown midrib2 (Bmr2) encodes the major 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase involved in lignin biosynthesis in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE 4-coumarate:CoA ligase; bmr; brown midrib; cell wall; lignin; sorghum ID PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; FERMENTABLE SUGAR YIELDS; CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENE FAMILY; MONOLIGNOL BIOSYNTHESIS; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; BIOFUEL PRODUCTION; DIVERGENT MEMBERS; INTERACTIVE TREE AB Successful modification of plant cell-wall composition without compromising plant integrity is dependent on being able to modify the expression of specific genes, but this can be very challenging when the target genes are members of multigene families. 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL) catalyzes the formation of 4-coumaroyl CoA, a precursor of both flavonoids and monolignols, and is an attractive target for transgenic down-regulation aimed at improving agro-industrial properties. Inconsistent phenotypes of transgenic plants have been attributed to variable levels of down-regulation of multiple 4CL genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the sorghum genome revealed 24 4CL(-like) proteins, five of which cluster with bona fide 4CLs from other species. Using a map-based cloning approach and analysis of two independent mutant alleles, the sorghum brown midrib2 (bmr2) locus was shown to encode 4CL. In vitro enzyme assays indicated that its preferred substrate is 4-coumarate. Missense mutations in the two bmr2 alleles result in loss of 4CL activity, probably as a result of improper folding as indicated by molecular modeling. Bmr2 is the most highly expressed 4CL in sorghum stems, leaves and roots, both at the seedling stage and in pre-flowering plants, but the products of several paralogs also display 4CL activity and compensate for some of the lost activity. The contribution of the paralogs varies between developmental stages and tissues. Gene expression assays indicated that Bmr2 is under auto-regulatory control, as reduced 4CL activity results in over-expression of the defective gene. Several 4CL paralogs are also up-regulated in response to the mutation. C1 [Saballos, Ana; Foster, Timothy P.; Vermerris, Wilfred] Univ Florida, Agron Dept & Genet Inst, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Sattler, Scott E.; Pedersen, Jeffrey F.] ARS, USDA, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Sattler, Scott E.; Pedersen, Jeffrey F.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Sanchez, Emiliano; Kang, ChulHee] Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Xin, Zhanguo] ARS, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Vermerris, W (reprint author), Univ Florida, Agron Dept & Genet Inst, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM wev@ufl.edu OI Xin, Zhanguo/0000-0003-1471-7785 FU Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research), US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER64458]; US Department of Agriculture [35318-17454]; University of Florida FX We thank Tammy Griess and Dr Aaron Saathoff (USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE) for technical assistance with the biochemical experiments, Dr Stuart McDaniel (Biology department, University of Florida) for helpful suggestions on the phylogenetic analysis, Drs Marty Cohn and Brad Barbazuk (University of Florida Genetics Institute) for use of their thermal cycler, and Dr Gary Peter (University of Florida Genetics Institute) for use of his microscope. This research was supported by the Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research), US Department of Energy (grant DE-FG02-07ER64458 to W.V., S.E.S, and J.P.), and the US Department of Agriculture (grant 35318-17454 to C.H.K.), with additional funding from the University of Florida. NR 62 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0960-7412 EI 1365-313X J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 70 IS 5 BP 818 EP 830 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2012.04933.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 945ZJ UT WOS:000304316600009 PM 22313236 ER PT J AU Li, F Orban, R Baker, B AF Li, Feng Orban, Ryan Baker, Barbara TI SoMART: a web server for plant miRNA, tasiRNA and target gene analysis SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE web server; miRNA; tasiRNA; degradome RNA; bioinformatics; Solanum tuberosum; Solanum lycopersicum; Nicotiana tabacum; Arabidopsis thaliana; technical advance ID TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SIRNA BIOGENESIS; MICRORNA METABOLISM; PREDICTION; RNAS; RESISTANCE; PROTEIN; TOMATO; IDENTIFICATION AB Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) and trans-acting small interfering RNAs (tasiRNAs) play important roles in a variety of biological processes. Bioinformatics prediction and small RNA (sRNA) cloning are the most important approaches for identification of miRNAs and tasiRNAs and their targets. However, these approaches are not readily accessible to every researcher. Here we present SoMART, a web server for miRNA/tasiRNA analysis resources and tools, which is designed for researchers who are interested in identifying miRNAs or tasiRNAs that potentially regulate genes of interest. The server includes four sets of tools: Slicer detector for detecting sRNAs targeting input genes, dRNA mapper for detecting degradome (d)RNA products derived from input genes, PreMIR detector for identifying miRNA precursors (MIRs) or tasiRNA precursor (TASs) of input sRNAs, and sRNA mapper for mapping sRNAs onto input genes. We also developed a dRNA-seq protocol to achieve longer dRNA reads for better characterization of miRNA precursors by dRNA mapper. To validate the server function and robustness, we installed sRNA, dRNA and collected genomic DNA or transcriptome databases from Arabidopsis and solanaceous plants, and characterized miR172-mediated regulation of the APETALA2 gene in potato (Solanum tuberosum) and demonstrated conservation of MIR390-triggered TAS3 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). More importantly, we predicted the existence of MIR482-triggered TAS5 in tomato. We further tested and confirmed the efficiency and accuracy of the server by analyses of 21 validated miRNA targets and 115 miRNA precursors in Arabidopsis thaliana. SoMART is available at . C1 [Li, Feng; Orban, Ryan; Baker, Barbara] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Li, Feng; Orban, Ryan; Baker, Barbara] ARS, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Li, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lifeng@berkeley.edu; bbaker@berkeley.edu RI Baker, Barbara/L-7198-2016 OI Baker, Barbara/0000-0002-1276-971X FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0218166]; United States Department of Agriculture [CRIS 5335-2200-0007-00D] FX The authors are grateful to Professor Sheila McCormick, Department of plant and microbial biology of University of California Berkeley for critical reading of the manuscript and providing valuable comments. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program Grant (DBI-0218166) and the United States Department of Agriculture (CRIS 5335-2200-0007-00D). The authors declare no conflict of interest. NR 46 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 6 U2 53 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 70 IS 5 BP 891 EP 901 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2012.04922.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 945ZJ UT WOS:000304316600015 PM 22268718 ER PT J AU Liebig, MA Tanaka, DL Kronberg, SL Scholljegerdes, EJ Karn, JF AF Liebig, M. A. Tanaka, D. L. Kronberg, S. L. Scholljegerdes, E. J. Karn, J. F. TI Integrated crops and livestock in central North Dakota, USA: Agroecosystem management to buffer soil change SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE integrated agricultural systems; soil change; soil quality ID GREAT-PLAINS; CROP/LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS; CANADIAN PRAIRIES; YIELD RESPONSE; CORN YIELD; QUALITY; CARBON; COMPACTION; FRAMEWORK; ILLINOIS AB Integrated crop-livestock systems have been purported to have numerous agronomic and environmental benefits, yet information documenting their long-term impact on the soil resource is lacking. This study sought to quantify the effects of an integrated crop-livestock system on near-surface soil properties in central North Dakota, USA. Soil bulk density, electrical conductivity, soil pH, extractable N and P, potentially mineralizable N, soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) were measured 3, 6 and 9 years after treatment establishment to evaluate the effects of residue management (Grazed, Hayed and Control), the frequency of hoof traffic (High traffic, Low traffic and No traffic), season (Fall and Spring) and production system (integrated annual cropping versus perennial grass) on near-surface soil quality. Values for soil properties were incorporated into a soil quality index (SQI) using the Soil Management Assessment Framework to assess overall treatment effects on soil condition. Residue management and frequency of hoof traffic did not affect near-surface soil properties throughout the evaluation period. Aggregated SQI values did not differ between production systems 9 years after treatment establishment (integrated annual cropping = 0.91, perennial grass = 0.93; P = 0.57), implying a near-identical capacity of each system to perform critical soil functions. Results from the study suggest that with careful management, agricultural producers can convert perennial grass pastures to winter-grazed annual cropping systems without adversely affecting near-surface soil quality. However, caution should be exercised in applying results to other regions or management systems. The consistent freeze/thaw and wet/dry cycles typical of the northern Great Plains, coupled with the use of no-till management, modest fertilizer application rates and winter grazing likely played an important role in the outcome of the results. C1 [Liebig, M. A.; Tanaka, D. L.; Kronberg, S. L.; Karn, J. F.] ARS, USDA, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Scholljegerdes, E. J.] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Liebig, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM mark.liebig@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 41 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 EI 1742-1713 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 2 BP 115 EP 124 DI 10.1017/S1742170511000172 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 941YH UT WOS:000304005000003 ER PT J AU Calderon, CI Yandell, BS Havey, MJ AF Calderon, Claudia I. Yandell, Brian S. Havey, Michael J. TI Genetic mapping of paternal sorting of mitochondria in cucumber SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MATERNAL INHERITANCE; CHLOROPLAST DNA; GENOME; PLANT; TRANSMISSION; REARRANGEMENTS; RECOMBINATION; ARABIDOPSIS; MAP AB Mitochondria are organelles that have their own DNA; serve as the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells; play important roles in stress responses, programmed cell death, and ageing; and in the vast majority of eukaryotes, are maternally transmitted. Strict maternal transmission of mitochondria makes it difficult to select for better-performing mitochondria, or against deleterious mutations in the mitochondrial DNA. Cucumber is a useful plant for organellar genetics because its mitochondria are paternally transmitted and it possesses one of the largest mitochondrial genomes among all eukaryotes. Recombination among repetitive motifs in the cucumber mitochondrial DNA produces rearrangements associated with strongly mosaic (MSC) phenotypes. We previously reported nuclear control of sorting among paternally transmitted mitochondrial DNAs. The goal of this project was to map paternal sorting of mitochondria as a step towards its eventual cloning. We crossed single plants from plant introduction (PI) 401734 and var. and produced an F-2 family. A total of 425 F-2 plants were genotyped for molecular markers and testcrossed as the female with MSC16. Testcross families were scored for frequencies of wild-type versus MSC progenies. Discrete segregations for percent wild-type progenies were not observed and paternal sorting of mitochondria was therefore analyzed as a quantitative trait. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL; LOD > 23) was mapped between two simple sequence repeats encompassing a 459-kb region on chromosome 3. Nuclear genes previously shown to affect the prevalence of mitochondrial DNAs (, , and homologs) were not located near this major QTL on chromosome 3. Sequencing of this region from PI 401734, together with improved annotation of the cucumber genome, should result in the eventual cloning of paternal sorting of mitochondria and provide insights about nuclear control of organellar-DNA sorting. C1 [Havey, Michael J.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Havey, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mjhavey@wisc.edu FU USDA-ARS; University of Wisconsin FX This work was supported by the USDA-ARS and the Ruth Dickie Scholarship from the University of Wisconsin NR 50 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 125 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1007/s00122-012-1812-z PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 943SL UT WOS:000304145400002 PM 22350175 ER PT J AU Poole, GJ Smiley, RW Paulitz, TC Walker, CA Carter, AH See, DR Garland-Campbell, K AF Poole, G. J. Smiley, R. W. Paulitz, T. C. Walker, C. A. Carter, A. H. See, D. R. Garland-Campbell, K. TI Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to Fusarium crown rot (Fusarium pseudograminearum) in multiple assay environments in the Pacific Northwestern US SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; WINTER-WHEAT; GRAMINEARUM GROUP-1; SEEDLING RESISTANCE; FOOT ROT; MANAGEMENT; MARKERS; BARLEY; ROOT; MAP AB Fusarium crown rot (FCR), caused by and , reduces wheat ( L.) yields in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the US by as much as 35%. Resistance to FCR has not yet been discovered in currently grown PNW wheat cultivars. Several significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) for FCR resistance have been documented on chromosomes 1A, 1D, 2B, 3B, and 4B in resistant Australian cultivars. Our objective was to identify QTL and tightly linked SSR markers for FCR resistance in the partially resistant Australian spring wheat cultivar Sunco using PNW isolates of in greenhouse and field based screening nurseries. A second objective was to compare heritabilities of FCR resistance in multiple types of disease assaying environments (seedling, terrace, and field) using multiple disease rating methods. Two recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping populations were derived from crosses between Sunco and PNW spring wheat cultivars Macon and Otis. The Sunco/Macon population comprised 219 F-6:F-7 lines and the Sunco/Otis population comprised 151 F-5:F-6 lines. Plants were inoculated with a single PNW isolate (006-13) in growth room (seedling), outdoor terrace (adult) and field (adult) assays conducted from 2008 through 2010. Crown and lower stem tissues of seedling and adult plants were rated for disease severity on several different scales, but mainly on a numeric scale from 0 to 10 where 0 = no discoloration and 10 = severe disease. Significant QTL were identified on chromosomes 2B, 3B, 4B, 4D, and 7A with LOD scores ranging from 3 to 22. The most significant and consistent QTL across screening environments was located on chromosome 3BL, inherited from the PNW cultivars Macon and Otis, with maximum LOD scores of 22 and 9 explaining 36 and 23% of the variation, respectively for the Sunco/Macon and Sunco/Otis populations. The SSR markers and flank these QTL and are being validated for use in marker-assisted selection for FCR resistance. This is the first report of QTL associated with FCR resistance in the US. C1 [Poole, G. J.; Walker, C. A.; Carter, A. H.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Smiley, R. W.] Oregon State Univ, Columbia Basin Agr Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Paulitz, T. C.] USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [See, D. R.; Garland-Campbell, K.] USDA ARS, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Poole, GJ (reprint author), SARDI, Gate 2B, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia. EM Grant.Poole@sa.gov.au OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 FU Washington Grains Commission [7345, 5345, 6345]; USDA-ARS [5348-21220-003-00D, 5348-22000-013-00] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Stephen Johnson, Jodi Prout, Marisa Edwards and Natasha Bowser for assistance with phenotyping and Kimberly Kidwell, Vic DeMacon, and Jason Sheedy for providing the germplasm for Sunco/Macon and Sunco/Otis RIL mapping populations. The authors also would like to thank Dr. Julie Nicol for her advice pertaining to assaying for crown rot and rating symptoms as well as Lynn Little for help with DNA extraction and marker genotyping and Tom Poole (grower) for providing the locations for off station field assays. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their excellent suggestions that resulted in a greatly improved manuscript. This research was funded by the Washington Grains Commission Project 7345 entitled "The development of wheat varieties resistant or tolerant to Fusarium crown rot''. Additional funding was obtained from Washington Grains Commission projects 5345 and 6345, and USDA-ARS (in house) projects 5348-21220-003-00D and 5348-22000-013-00. Funding to pay the Open Access publication charges for this article was provided by the USDA-ARS. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 125 IS 1 BP 91 EP 107 DI 10.1007/s00122-012-1818-6 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 943SL UT WOS:000304145400008 PM 22366812 ER PT J AU Liu, Z Gulya, TJ Seiler, GJ Vick, BA Jan, CC AF Liu, Zhao Gulya, Thomas J. Seiler, Gerald J. Vick, Brady A. Jan, Chao-Chien TI Molecular mapping of the Pl(16) downy mildew resistance gene from HA-R4 to facilitate marker-assisted selection in sunflower SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS L.; PCR-BASED MARKERS; PLASMOPARA-HALSTEDII; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER; GENOMIC REGIONS; PL5/PL8 LOCUS; LARGE CLUSTER; COILED COIL; BAC LIBRARY AB The major genes controlling sunflower downy mildew resistance have been designated as genes. Ten of the more than 20 genes reported have been mapped. In this study, we report the molecular mapping of gene in a sunflower downy mildew differential line, HA-R4. It was mapped on the lower end of linkage group (LG) 1 of the sunflower reference map, with 12 markers covering a distance of 78.9 cM. One dominant simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker, ORS1008, co-segregated with , and another co-dominant expressed sequence tag (EST)-SSR marker, HT636, was located 0.3 cM proximal to the gene. The HT636 marker was also closely linked to the gene in another sunflower differential line, HA-R5. Thus the and genes were mapped to a similar position on LG 1 that is different from the previously reported gene. When the co-segregating and tightly linked markers for the gene were applied to other germplasms or hybrids, a unique band pattern for the ORS1008 marker was detected in HA-R4 and HA-R5 and their F-1 hybrids. This is the first report to provide two tightly linked markers for both the and genes, which will facilitate marker-assisted selection in sunflower resistance breeding, and provide a basis for the cloning of these genes. C1 [Gulya, Thomas J.; Seiler, Gerald J.; Vick, Brady A.; Jan, Chao-Chien] ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Liu, Zhao] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Jan, CC (reprint author), ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM chaochien.jan@ars.usda.gov NR 67 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 125 IS 1 BP 121 EP 131 DI 10.1007/s00122-012-1820-z PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 943SL UT WOS:000304145400010 PM 22350177 ER PT J AU Li, SX Smith, JR Ray, JD Frederick, RD AF Li, Shuxian Smith, James R. Ray, Jeffery D. Frederick, Reid D. TI Identification of a new soybean rust resistance gene in PI 567102B SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SUDDEN-DEATH SYNDROME; PHAKOPSORA-PACHYRHIZI; CONFERS RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; LINKAGE MAP; LOCUS; PARAGUAY; CONFIRMATION; INHERITANCE; ACCESSIONS AB Soybean rust (SBR) caused by Syd. and P. Syd. is one of the most economically important diseases of soybean ( (L.) Merr.). Durable resistance to . is the most effective long-term strategy to control SBR. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetics of resistance to . in soybean accession PI 567102B. This accession was previously identified as resistant to SBR in Paraguay and to . isolates from seven states in the USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Texas). Analysis of two independent populations, one in which F-2 phenotypes were inferred from F-2-derived F-3 (F-2:3) families and the other in which F-2 plants had phenotypes measured directly, showed that the resistance in PI 567102B was controlled by a single dominant gene. Two different isolates (MS06-1 and LA04-1) at different locations (Stoneville, MS and Ft. Detrick, MD) were used to independently assay the two populations. Linkage analysis of both populations indicated that the resistance locus was located on chromosome 18 (formerly linkage group G), but at a different location than either or , which were previously mapped to this linkage group. Therefore, the SBR resistance in PI 567102B appeared to be conditioned by a previously unreported locus, with an underlying single dominant gene inferred. We propose this gene to be designated . Incorporating into improved soybean cultivars may have wide benefits as PI 567102B has been shown to provide resistance to . isolates from Paraguay and the US. C1 [Li, Shuxian; Smith, James R.; Ray, Jeffery D.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Frederick, Reid D.] USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Li, SX (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM shuxian.li@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [6402-21220-010-00, 1920-22000-035-00D] FX The authors appreciate the dedicated work of the USDA-ARS personnel at Stoneville, MS, including Ms. Avis Clark, Mr. Kenneth Courtney, Ms. Loria Courtney, Ms. Angelie Davis, Mr. Wilson Davis, Mr. Philip Handly, Mr. Hans Hinrichsen, Mr. Ronnie Griffin, Mr. Matt Kersh, Mr. Jai McDonnieal, Mr. Marcus Porter, Mr. Charles Rucker; and Ms. Rebecca Simpson. Seed production in Puerto Rico by Dr. Ricardo Goenaga and Mr. Carlos Torres of the USDA-ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station was critical for the timely completion of this project. The authors also appreciate the efforts of Dr. Lawrence Young to establish a laboratory in the USDA-ARS Stoneville Research Quarantine Facility for soybean rust research and to Dr. David Walker for sharing his unpublished screening data. This research could not have been accomplished without these combined efforts. This research was partially supported by the USDA-ARS projects 6402-21220-010-00 and 1920-22000-035-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 61 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 125 IS 1 BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.1007/s00122-012-1821-y PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 943SL UT WOS:000304145400011 PM 22374138 ER PT J AU Bhagwat, AA Kannan, P Leow, YN Dharne, M Smith, A AF Bhagwat, Arvind A. Kannan, Porteen Leow, Yi Ning Dharne, Mahesh Smith, Allen TI Role of anionic charges of osmoregulated periplasmic glucans of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344 in mice virulence SO ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Periplasmic glucans; Low osmolarity; Bile salt sensitivity; Salmonellosis; Food microbiology; Microbial food safety ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BIOFILM FORMATION; BILE RESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; MUTANTS; STRAINS; GROWTH; GENES; LOCUS AB opgB gene of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was identified earlier in a genome-wide screen for mice virulence (Valentine et al. in Infect Immun 66: 3378-3383, 1998). Although mutation in opgB resulted in avirulent Salmonella strain, how this gene contributes to pathogenesis remains unclear. Based on DNA homology, opgB is predicted to be responsible for adding phosphoglycerate residues to osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs) giving them anionic characteristics. In Escherichia coli, yet another gene, opgC, is also reported to contribute to anionic characteristics of OPGs by adding succinic acid residues. We constructed opgB, opgC, and opgBC double mutants of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain SL1344. As predicted opgBC mutant synthesized neutral OPGs that were devoid of any anionic substituents. However, opgB, opgC, and opgBC mutations had no significant impact on mice virulence as well as on competitive organ colonization. In low osmotic conditions, opgB, opgC, and opgBC mutants exhibited delay in growth initiation in the presence of sodium deoxycholate. Anionic substituents of OPGs from Salmonella although appear to be needed to overcome resistance of deoxycholate in hypoosmotic growth media, no evidence was found for their role in mice virulence. C1 [Bhagwat, Arvind A.; Kannan, Porteen; Leow, Yi Ning; Dharne, Mahesh] ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Smith, Allen] ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bhagwat, AA (reprint author), ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 173,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM arvind.bhagwat@ars.usda.gov RI Dharne, Mahesh/K-3541-2012; OI Kannan, Porteen/0000-0002-6925-328X NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0302-8933 J9 ARCH MICROBIOL JI Arch. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 194 IS 6 BP 541 EP 548 DI 10.1007/s00203-012-0791-4 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 943ZY UT WOS:000304168600014 PM 22278765 ER PT J AU Corella, D Ordovas, JM AF Corella, Dolores Ordovas, Jose M. TI Interactions between dietary n-3 fatty acids and genetic variants and risk of disease SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Nutrigenetics; n-3 fatty acids; genes; cardiovascular; cancer ID HDL-CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATIONS; PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; PROSTATE-CANCER RISK; SERUM PHOSPHOLIPIDS; ADIPONECTIN GENE; LIPOPROTEIN CONCENTRATIONS; PRO12ALA POLYMORPHISM; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; PPAR-GAMMA-2 GENE AB Nutritional genomics has undergone rapid development and the concept is now very popular with the general public. Therefore, there is increasing demand for knowledge on adapting dietary composition to the genome. Our aim has been to undertake a systematic review so as to find out the level of evidence existing on whether the effects of n-3 fatty acids on health can be modulated by genetic variation. A systematic literature search was conducted on studies that jointly analyse the effect of one or more genetic variants in candidate genes and n-3 fatty acids. Both observational and experimental studies were included. Results are classified in accordance with whether the study was undertaken on intermediate phenotypes (plasma lipid concentrations, glucose, inflammation markers, anthropometric measurements) or disease phenotypes (cancer, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, etc) and whether it was experimental or observational. A wide diversity of genetic variants and little consistency in the publication of replication studies was found. Greater consistency was observed in studies that involved the FADS1 and FADS2 locus in the determination of n-3 fatty acid concentrations in biological samples. Most of the studies were designed to measure gene-diet interactions and not diet-gene interactions. Despite the fact that multiple studies have shown statistically significant interactions between n-3 fatty acids and certain genetic variants on intermediate and disease phenotypes, the individual level of evidence is very low and recommendations cannot be made on increasing or reducing the intake of n-3 fatty acids based on each individual's genotype. C1 [Corella, Dolores] Univ Valencia, Sch Med, Genet & Mol Epidemiol Unit, Valencia 46010, Spain. [Corella, Dolores] Inst Salud Carlos III, CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr, Madrid, Spain. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] CNIC, Dept Cardiovasc Epidemiol & Populat Genet, Madrid, Spain. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Inst Madrileno Estudios Avanzados IMDEA Alimentac, Madrid, Spain. RP Corella, D (reprint author), Univ Valencia, Sch Med, Genet & Mol Epidemiol Unit, Blasco Ibanez 15, Valencia 46010, Spain. EM dolores.corella@uv.es FU Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion; Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER): CIBER [CB06/03/0035, PI07-0954, CNIC-06, AGL2010-22319-C03-03]; Generalitat Valenciana [GVACOMP2011-151, AP111/10, BEST11-263]; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL-54776]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [DK075030] FX Authors Contributions: D. C. and J. M. O designed, conducted the review and analyzed and interpreted data; D. C. and J. M. O. wrote the paper and had primary responsibility for final content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Funding/Support: This work was supported by grants from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER): CIBER CB06/03/0035, PI07-0954, CNIC-06 and AGL2010-22319-C03-03, the Generalitat Valenciana (GVACOMP2011-151, AP111/10 and BEST11-263) and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grant HL-54776, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Grant Number DK075030. Conflicts of interest: None. NR 54 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 107 SU 2 BP S271 EP S283 DI 10.1017/S0007114512001651 PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 943PT UT WOS:000304137500024 PM 22591901 ER PT J AU Chai, SJ White, PL Lathrop, SL Solghan, SM Medus, C McGlinchey, BM Tobin-D'Angelo, M Marcus, R Mahon, BE AF Chai, Shua J. White, Patricia L. Lathrop, Sarah L. Solghan, Suzanne M. Medus, Carlota McGlinchey, Beth M. Tobin-D'Angelo, Melissa Marcus, Ruthanne Mahon, Barbara E. TI Salmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis: Increasing Incidence of Domestically Acquired Infections SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE NETWORK; 5 FOODNET SITES; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; EGGS; PATHOGENS; TRENDS AB Background. Salmonella enterica causes an estimated 1 million cases of domestically acquired foodborne illness in humans annually in the United States; Enteritidis (SE) is the most common serotype. Public health authorities, regulatory agencies, food producers, and food processors need accurate information about rates and changes in SE infection to implement and evaluate evidence-based control policies and practices. Methods. We analyzed the incidence of human SE infection during 1996-2009 in the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), an active, population-based surveillance system for laboratory-confirmed infections. We compared FoodNet incidence with passively collected data from complementary surveillance systems and with rates of SE isolation from processed chickens and egg products; shell eggs are not routinely tested. We also compared molecular subtyping patterns of SE isolated from humans and chickens. Results. Since the period 1996-1999, the incidence of human SE infection in FoodNet has increased by 44%. This change is mirrored in passive national surveillance data. The greatest relative increases were in young children, older adults, and FoodNet sites in the southern United States. The proportion of patients with SE infection who reported recent international travel has decreased in recent years, whereas the proportion of chickens from which SE was isolated has increased. Similar molecular subtypes of SE are commonly isolated from humans and chickens. Conclusions. Most SE infections in the United States are acquired from domestic sources, and the problem is growing. Chicken and eggs are likely major sources of SE. Continued close attention to surveillance data is needed to monitor the impact of recent regulatory control measures. C1 [Chai, Shua J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [White, Patricia L.] USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Omaha, NE USA. [Lathrop, Sarah L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Pathol, Hlth Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Solghan, Suzanne M.] New York State Dept Hlth, Emerging Infect Program, Albany, NY 12237 USA. [Medus, Carlota] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Acute Dis Invest & Control Sect, St Paul, MN USA. [Tobin-D'Angelo, Melissa] Georgia Dept Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Marcus, Ruthanne] Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. RP Chai, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM schai@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [U60/CD303019]; Food Safety Office; US Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service; Food and Drug Administration; Division of Foodborne, Waterborne; Environmental Diseases of the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Association of Public Health Laboratories FX This work was supported in part by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC; Cooperative Agreement U60/CD303019). FoodNet is funded by the Food Safety Office and the Emerging Infections Program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the US Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service, and the Food and Drug Administration.; This article was published as part of a supplement entitled "Studies From the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network," sponsored by the Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases of the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Association of Public Health Laboratories. NR 40 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 54 SU 5 BP S488 EP S497 DI 10.1093/cid/cis231 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 942NJ UT WOS:000304050900018 PM 22572674 ER PT J AU Noon, BR Bailey, LL Sisk, TD McKelvey, KS AF Noon, Barry R. Bailey, Larissa L. Sisk, Thomas D. McKelvey, Kevin S. TI Efficient Species-Level Monitoring at the Landscape Scale SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE abundance; detectability; occupancy; range ID ABUNDANCE-OCCUPANCY RELATIONSHIPS; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; PRESENCE-ABSENCE; RANGE SIZE; ENVIRONMENTAL STOCHASTICITY; POPULATION ABUNDANCE; OCCURRENCE DYNAMICS; ECOREGIONAL-SCALE; EXTINCTION RISK; MULTIPLE STATES AB Monitoring the population trends of multiple animal species at a landscape scale is prohibitively expensive. However, advances in survey design, statistical methods, and the ability to estimate species presence on the basis of detectionnondetection data have greatly increased the feasibility of species-level monitoring. For example, recent advances in monitoring make use of detectionnondetection data that are relatively inexpensive to acquire, historical survey data, and new techniques in genetic evaluation. The ability to use indirect measures of presence for some species greatly increases monitoring efficiency and reduces survey costs. After adjusting for false absences, the proportion of sample units in a landscape where a species is detected (occupancy) is a logical state variable to monitor. Occupancy monitoring can be based on real-time observation of a species at a survey site or on evidence that the species was at the survey location sometime in the recent past. Temporal and spatial patterns in occupancy data are related to changes in animal abundance and provide insights into the probability of a species' persistence. However, even with the efficiencies gained when occupancy is the monitored state variable, the task of species-level monitoring remains daunting due to the large number of species. We propose that a small number of species be monitored on the basis of specific management objectives, their functional role in an ecosystem, their sensitivity to environmental changes likely to occur in the area, or their conservation importance. C1 [Noon, Barry R.; Bailey, Larissa L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [McKelvey, Kevin S.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Sisk, Thomas D.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Noon, BR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM brnoon@cnr.colostate.edu RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009 NR 84 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 81 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 26 IS 3 BP 432 EP 441 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01855.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 943PA UT WOS:000304135300007 PM 22594594 ER PT J AU Kupferberg, SJ Palen, WJ Lind, AJ Bobzien, S Catenazzi, A Drennan, J Power, ME AF Kupferberg, Sarah J. Palen, Wendy J. Lind, Amy J. Bobzien, Steve Catenazzi, Alessandro Drennan, Joe Power, Mary E. TI Effects of Flow Regimes Altered by Dams on Survival, Population Declines, and Range-Wide Losses of California River-Breeding Frogs SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibian declines; hydropower; natural flow regime; pulsed flows; Rana boylii; Rana draytonii ID FRESH-WATER FAUNA; AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; CONSEQUENCES; EXTINCTION; PHENOLOGY; FRAMEWORK AB Widespread alteration of natural hydrologic patterns by large dams combined with peak demands for power and water delivery during summer months have resulted in frequent aseasonal flow pulses in rivers of western North America. Native species in these ecosystems have evolved with predictable annual flood-drought cycles; thus, their likelihood of persistence may decrease in response to disruption of the seasonal synchrony between stable low-flow conditions and reproduction. We evaluated whether altered flow regimes affected 2 native frogs in California and Oregon (U.S.A.) at 4 spatial and temporal extents. We examined changes in species distribution over approximately 50 years, current population density in 11 regulated and 16 unregulated rivers, temporal trends in abundance among populations occupying rivers with different hydrologic histories, and within-year patterns of survival relative to seasonal hydrology. The foothill yellow-legged frog (Rana boylii), which breeds only in flowing water, is more likely to be absent downstream of large dams than in free-flowing rivers, and breeding populations are on average 5 times smaller in regulated rivers than in unregulated rivers. Time series data (range = 8 - 19 years) from 5 populations of yellow-legged frogs and 2 populations of California red-legged frogs (R. draytonii) across a gradient of natural to highly artificial timing and magnitude of flooding indicate that variability of flows in spring and summer is strongly correlated with high mortality of early life stages and subsequent decreases in densities of adult females. Flow management that better mimics natural flow timing is likely to promote persistence of these species and others with similar phenology. C1 [Kupferberg, Sarah J.; Power, Mary E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. [Palen, Wendy J.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Earth Ocean Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Lind, Amy J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Catenazzi, Alessandro] Gonzaga Univ, Dept Biol, Spokane, WA 99201 USA. [Drennan, Joe] Garcia & Associates, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. RP Kupferberg, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, 2033 Valley Life Sci Bldg, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. EM skupferberg@gmail.com RI Catenazzi, Alessandro/C-8615-2009; Peek, Ryan/H-4906-2015 OI Catenazzi, Alessandro/0000-0002-3650-4783; Peek, Ryan/0000-0002-9577-6885 FU California Energy Commission; National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics, a National Science Foundation Science Technology Center; Swiss National Science Foundation; UC Davis [06-12357]; UC Berkeley [R132-0809]; California Department of Fish and Game [SC-8820, SC-1608] FX We thank the UC (University of California) Natural Reserve System for the Angelo Reserve; C. Bode; P. Steel; egg censusers K. Marlow, R. Jackman, K. Wiseman, J. Finlay, M. Poteet, and S. Kandwala; C. Davidson for historic data and GIS assistance; A. Borisenko and M. Hayes for Oregon data; M. Jennings and federal and state biologists who verified presence and absence; A. Cooper for analytical feedback; R. Peek for GIS help; and N. L. Poff for useful comments. This research was supported by the California Energy Commission (S. K., A. L., J. D.); the National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics, a National Science Foundation Science Technology Center (A. C., W. P., M. P.); and the Swiss National Science Foundation (A. C.). Research was approved by UC Davis (protocol 06-12357), UC Berkeley (protocol R132-0809), and California Department of Fish and Game (SC-8820, SC-1608). NR 53 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 9 U2 101 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 26 IS 3 BP 513 EP 524 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01837.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 943PA UT WOS:000304135300015 PM 22594596 ER PT J AU Reid, KF Doros, G Clark, DJ Patten, C Carabello, RJ Cloutier, GJ Phillips, EM Krivickas, LS Frontera, WR Fielding, RA AF Reid, Kieran F. Doros, Gheorghe Clark, David J. Patten, Carolynn Carabello, Robert J. Cloutier, Gregory J. Phillips, Edward M. Krivickas, Lisa S. Frontera, Walter R. Fielding, Roger A. TI Muscle power failure in mobility-limited older adults: preserved single fiber function despite lower whole muscle size, quality and rate of neuromuscular activation SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aging; Mobility; Muscle power; Single muscle fiber properties ID LOWER-EXTREMITY FUNCTION; PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE BATTERY; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; CONTRACTILE PROPERTIES; SUBSEQUENT DISABILITY; SARCOMERE LENGTH; ELDERLY SUBJECTS; GAIT SPEED; LEG POWER; STRENGTH AB This study investigated the physiological and gender determinants of the age-related loss of muscle power in 31 healthy middle-aged adults (aged 40-55 years), 28 healthy older adults (70-85 years) and 34 mobility-limited older adults (70-85 years). We hypothesized that leg extensor muscle power would be significantly lower in mobility-limited elders relative to both healthy groups and sought to characterize the physiological mechanisms associated with the reduction of muscle power with aging. Computed tomography was utilized to assess mid-thigh body composition and calculate specific muscle power and strength. Surface electromyography was used to assess rate of neuromuscular activation and muscle biopsies were taken to evaluate single muscle fiber contractile properties. Peak muscle power, strength, muscle cross-sectional area, specific muscle power and rate of neuromuscular activation were significantly lower among mobility-limited elders compared to both healthy groups ( a parts per thousand currency sign 0.05). Mobility-limited older participants had greater deposits of intermuscular adipose tissue ( < 0.001). Single fiber contractile properties of type I and type IIA muscle fibers were preserved in mobility-limited elders relative to both healthy groups. Male gender was associated with greater decrements in peak and specific muscle power among mobility-limited participants. Impairments in the rate of neuromuscular activation and concomitant reductions in muscle quality are important physiological mechanisms contributing to muscle power deficits and mobility limitations. The dissociation between age-related changes at the whole muscle and single fiber level suggest that, even among older adults with overt mobility problems, contractile properties of surviving muscle fibers are preserved in an attempt to maintain overall muscle function. C1 [Reid, Kieran F.; Carabello, Robert J.; Cloutier, Gregory J.; Phillips, Edward M.; Fielding, Roger A.] Tufts Univ, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Doros, Gheorghe] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. [Clark, David J.; Patten, Carolynn] Malcom Randall VA Med Ctr, Brain Rehabil Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Clark, David J.] Univ Florida, Dept Aging & Geriatr Res, Gainesville, FL USA. [Patten, Carolynn] Univ Florida, Dept Phys Therapy, Gainesville, FL USA. [Phillips, Edward M.; Krivickas, Lisa S.; Frontera, Walter R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Boston, MA USA. [Phillips, Edward M.; Krivickas, Lisa S.; Frontera, Walter R.] Spaulding Rehabil Hosp, Boston, MA USA. [Frontera, Walter R.] Univ Puerto Rico, Sch Med, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Frontera, Walter R.] Univ Puerto Rico, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. RP Reid, KF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Kieran.Reid@tufts.edu RI Clark, David/A-4916-2013; Patten, Carolynn/B-4804-2009 OI Patten, Carolynn/0000-0002-9948-0045 FU National Institute on Aging [AG18844]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-7-707]; Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center [1P30AG031679]; Boston Rehabilitation Outcomes Center; NIH [1R24HD065688-01A1] FX This research was supported by the National Institute on Aging grant number AG18844 and based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under agreement No. 58-1950-7-707. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. This research was also supported by the Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (1P30AG031679) and the Boston Rehabilitation Outcomes Center, funded by NIH Infrastructure Grant (1R24HD065688-01A1). NR 52 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1439-6319 EI 1439-6327 J9 EUR J APPL PHYSIOL JI Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 112 IS 6 BP 2289 EP 2301 DI 10.1007/s00421-011-2200-0 PG 13 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 943QZ UT WOS:000304141600029 PM 22005960 ER PT J AU Reed, S Ayala-Silva, T Brown, S Glaz, B Comstock, J AF Reed, S. Ayala-Silva, T. Brown, S. Glaz, B. Comstock, J. TI Screening Saccharum Barberi and Sinense Accessions for Flood Tolerance and Biomass Production SO JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE brix; flood tolerance; optical rotation; sugarcane ID WATER-TABLE; YIELD COMPONENTS; GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; SUGARCANE RESPONSE; PERIODIC FLOOD; SPONTANEUM; NITROGEN; FIBER AB This study evaluated the biomass production potential of Saccharum barberi (Jeswiet) and Saccharum sinense (Roxb. Amend. Jeswiet) accessions under short-term flooded conditions. Plots were arranged in a completely randomized design with 20 S.sinense and 29 S.barberi accessions, two flood durations with non-flooded controls and three replications of each treatment. There were no significant flood effects. However, in two individual accessions, China and Lu Cane, sucrose production increased with additional flooding. The plant cane produced larger plants with a greater percentage of fibre and sucrose. Higher Brix values were obtained with the ratoon crop. Brix and fibre were negatively correlated with stem diameter. Stem length in S.similar to barberi was the only physical characteristic that was correlated with sugar factors Brix and optical rotation. S.barberi accessions had high loadings for variables associated with sugar production and stem length, and fibre had moderate loadings for factor 1. Factor 1 explained 35 % of variance in the data. The second principal factor revealed high loadings for variables associated with plant size. Factor 2 explained 30 % of the proportional and together with Factor 1 explained 65 % of the cumulative variance in the data. Several accessions with low sucrose, high plot weight and low fibre were identified. These accessions make attractive selections in breeding for biomass production. C1 [Reed, S.; Ayala-Silva, T.; Brown, S.] ARS, USDA, SAA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Glaz, B.; Comstock, J.] ARS, USDA, SAA, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL USA. RP Reed, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SAA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM stewart.reed@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2250 J9 J AGRON CROP SCI JI J. Agron. Crop Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 198 IS 3 BP 236 EP 244 DI 10.1111/j.1439-037X.2011.00500.x PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 939IZ UT WOS:000303804300008 ER PT J AU Wallner, AM Molano-Flores, B Dietrich, CH AF Wallner, Adam M. Molano-Flores, Brenda Dietrich, Christopher H. TI The influence of fire on Illinois hill prairie Auchenorrhyncha (Insecta: Hemiptera) diversity and integrity SO JOURNAL OF INSECT CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Auchenorrhyncha; Habitat quality index; Tallgrass prairie; Prescribed burning; Hill prairie ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE; ASSEMBLAGES; ARTHROPODS; CICADELLIDAE; LEAFHOPPERS; COMMUNITIES; TOPOGRAPHY AB Prescribed burning has been important in maintaining the structure of plant communities in the tallgrass prairie. However, implementation of these burn regimes often overlooks responses of other taxa, particularly arthropods. In this study, the timing and frequency of burns were examined on one of the most diverse and abundant groups of herbivorous insects, Auchenorrhyncha. These insects are ideal candidates in understanding the effects of fire on prairie arthropods because they are among the most numerous invertebrate herbivores in the prairie and they have ecological characteristics that confer a wide range of responses to prescribed burning. A total of 19 Illinois hill prairies were sampled along the Mississippi and Sangamon Rivers in the summer of 2006 using a modified leaf-blower vacuum. These sites exhibited a wide range of burn management, from unburned to recently burned, and having been burned multiple times. Species richness, Auchenorrhyncha Quality Index (with and without abundance data) and the mean coefficient of conservatism (with and without abundance data) were calculated for each site. Results suggest that unburned sites supported the greatest number of species and had higher Auchenorrhyncha Quality Index and mean coefficient of conservatism values than sites undergoing burn management. In order for land managers to maintain the prairie Auchenorrhyncha community and conserve vascular plants, this study recommends infrequent rotational burning with a minimum of 3-5 years; although additional studies are needed to determine the appropriate number of years between each burn. C1 [Wallner, Adam M.] USDA, APHIS, Worcester, MA 01606 USA. [Molano-Flores, Brenda; Dietrich, Christopher H.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Wallner, AM (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, 151 W Bolyston Dr, Worcester, MA 01606 USA. EM adam.wallner@aphis.usda.gov; molano@inhs.uiuc.edu; dietrich@inhs.illinois.edu RI Dietrich, Christopher/A-9169-2016 OI Dietrich, Christopher/0000-0003-4005-4305 FU Prairie Biotic Research Grant FX This research would not have been possible without the help from the Illinois Department of Natural Resources and the Illinois Natural History Survey. We would also like to thank the Illinois Nature Preserves Commission for giving us access to the sites visited in this study. We are also grateful to Bryan Cross for providing me with assistance in the field. This project was funded by the Prairie Biotic Research Grant (2006). We thank L. Hanks, A. Suarez, and J. Taft for helpful comments on this manuscript. NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1366-638X J9 J INSECT CONSERV JI J. Insect Conserv. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 16 IS 3 BP 433 EP 445 DI 10.1007/s10841-011-9430-7 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Entomology GA 943PD UT WOS:000304135600011 ER PT J AU Javadi, A Srithep, Y Clemons, CC Turng, LS Gong, SQ AF Javadi, Alireza Srithep, Yottha Clemons, Craig C. Turng, L-S. Gong, Shaoqin TI Processing of poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate)-based bionanocomposite foams using supercritical fluids SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TOUGHENING GLASSY-POLYMERS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NUCLEATING-AGENTS; MICROCELLULAR POLYLACTIDE; CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR; HYPERBRANCHED POLYMERS; FIBER COMPOSITES; HEMP FIBERS; NANOCOMPOSITES; BLENDS AB Supercritical fluid (SCF) N-2 was used as a physical foaming agent to fabricate microcellular injection-molded poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)-poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)-hyperbranched-polymer (HBP)-nanoclay (NC) bionanocomposites. The effects of incorporating HBP and NC on the morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties of both solid and microcellular PHBV-PBAT blends were studied. NC exhibited intercalated structures in solid components, but showed a mixture of exfoliated and intercalated structures in the corresponding microcellular nanocomposites. The addition of NC improved the thermal stability of the resulting nanocomposites. The addition of HBP and NC reduced the cell size and increased the cell density of microcellular components. The addition of HBP and NC enhanced the degree of crystallinity for both solid and microcellular components. Moreover, with the addition of HBP, the area under tan delta curve, specific fracture toughness, and strain-at-break of the PHBV-based nanocomposite increased significantly whereas the storage modulus, specific Young's modulus, and specific tensile strength decreased. C1 [Srithep, Yottha; Turng, L-S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Madison, WI 53715 USA. [Javadi, Alireza; Turng, L-S.; Gong, Shaoqin] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Inst Discovery, Madison, WI 53715 USA. [Javadi, Alireza; Gong, Shaoqin] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biomed Engn, Madison, WI 53715 USA. [Clemons, Craig C.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53715 USA. RP Turng, LS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Madison, WI 53715 USA. EM turng@engr.wisc.edu; sgong@engr.wisc.edu FU Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). NR 45 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 47 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1506 EP 1517 DI 10.1557/jmr.2012.74 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 942SP UT WOS:000304067600012 ER PT J AU Tisserat, B Selling, GW Byars, JA Stuff, A AF Tisserat, B. Selling, G. W. Byars, J. A. Stuff, A. TI Instrumental Physical Analysis of Microwaved Glycerol Citrate Foams SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Texture analyzer; Citric acid; Glycerol; Microwave; Cross-linked polymer ID CITRIC-ACID; SORBITOL; MUFFINS; FIBER AB Solid glycerol citrate polyester polymeric foams generated by microwave heating were further cured in a conventional oven at 100 A degrees C for 0, 6, 24, 48, or 72 h and their physical properties were tested. Curing glycerol citrate polyesters resulted in decreased moisture content (MC), altered color, increased hydrated polymer weight loss (HWL), and increased polymer oven weight loss (OWL). Polyester polymer samples were evaluated for firmness and springiness employing a texture analyzer (Model TA/TX2). Oven curing increased polymer firmness and springiness. For example, firmness and springiness in 48 h cured samples increased 202 and 143%, respectively, when compared to uncured controls. High correlations were found comparing OWL, MC, HWL, firmness, and springiness. Compression molded samples obtained from ground cured and non-cured polymers were evaluated for tensile strength, elongation and Young's modulus using the Instron universal test machine (Model 4201). Curing promoted higher tensile strengths and elongation but did not affect Young's modulus values. High correlations were found between springiness, firmness, tensile strength, and elongation. The texture analyzer was shown to have merit in the preliminary evaluation of the glycerol citrate polyester polymers. C1 [Tisserat, B.; Byars, J. A.; Stuff, A.] ARS, Funct Foods Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Selling, G. W.] ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Tisserat, B (reprint author), ARS, Funct Foods Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Brent.Tisserat@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1566-2543 J9 J POLYM ENVIRON JI J. Polym. Environ. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 20 IS 2 BP 291 EP 298 DI 10.1007/s10924-011-0376-3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 943TF UT WOS:000304147400004 ER PT J AU Sutivisedsak, N Cheng, HN Burks, CS Johnson, JA Siegel, JP Civerolo, EL Biswas, A AF Sutivisedsak, Nongnuch Cheng, Huai N. Burks, Charles S. Johnson, Judy A. Siegel, Joel P. Civerolo, Edwin L. Biswas, Atanu TI Use of Nutshells as Fillers in Polymer Composites SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Polymer; Composite; Extrusion; Poly(lactic acid); Polyethylene; Nutshells ID DENSITY POLYETHYLENE COMPOSITES; DOUBLE-MELTING BEHAVIOR; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; POLY(LACTIC ACID); POLY(L-LACTIC ACID); THERMAL-PROPERTIES; BIODEGRADABLE BLENDS; GREEN COMPOSITES; POLYLACTIC ACID; POTATO STARCH AB Nutshells are agricultural waste products that can be procured at relatively low cost. In this work we examined the possibility of using these biodegradable materials as fillers in poly(lactic acid) and low density polyethylene. The nutshells were ground into powder, blended with the polymer, and then injection molded with final weight varying from 10 to 40 weight %. The mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were then studied. In general, the addition of fillers caused reductions in mechanical properties to varying extents, but thermal properties were only slightly affected. The use of maleic anhydride and peroxide with the fillers had a negative effect on poly(lactic acid) but a slightly positive effect on the stiffness of polyethylene. The results suggested that polymer-nutshell composites may be usable in applications where cost is a concern and where some reductions in mechanical properties are acceptable. C1 [Sutivisedsak, Nongnuch; Biswas, Atanu] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Cheng, Huai N.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Burks, Charles S.; Johnson, Judy A.; Siegel, Joel P.; Civerolo, Edwin L.] San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 92648 USA. RP Biswas, A (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Atanu.biswas@ars.usda.gov OI Burks, Charles/0000-0003-0242-8644 NR 82 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1566-2543 J9 J POLYM ENVIRON JI J. Polym. Environ. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 20 IS 2 BP 305 EP 314 DI 10.1007/s10924-012-0420-y PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 943TF UT WOS:000304147400006 ER PT J AU Lee, H Ullrich, SE Burke, IC Yenish, J Paulitz, TC AF Lee, Hyejin Ullrich, Steven E. Burke, Ian C. Yenish, Joseph Paulitz, Timothy C. TI Interactions between the root pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG-8 and acetolactate-synthase-inhibiting herbicides in barley SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rhizoctonia solani; imazamox; propoxycarbazone-sodium; herbicide-disease interaction ID TAKE-ALL; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; IMIDAZOLINONE HERBICIDES; ROT; GLYPHOSATE; WHEAT; GROWTH; RESISTANT; SOIL; CHLORSULFURON AB BACKGROUND: The widespread acceptance of reduced-tillage farming in cereal cropping systems in the Pacific Northwest of the United States has resulted in increased use of herbicides for weed control. However, soil residual concentrations of widely used imidazalone herbicides limit the cultivation of barley, which is more sensitive than wheat. In addition, increased severity of the root rot disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani is associated with reduction in tillage. Many crops exhibit altered disease responses after application of registered herbicides. In this study, the injury symptoms in barley caused by sublethal rates of two acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides, imazamox and propoxycarbazone-sodium, were assessed in factorial combinations with a range of inoculum concentrations of the root rot pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG-8. RESULTS: Both herbicides and pathogen had negative impacts on plant growth parameters such as root and shoot dry weight, shoot height and first leaf length, and interactions between pathogen and herbicide were detected. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that sublethal rates of herbicides and R. solani could alter severity of injury symptoms, possibly owing to the herbicide predisposing the plant to the pathogen. Copyright (C) 2012 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Paulitz, Timothy C.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Lee, Hyejin; Ullrich, Steven E.; Burke, Ian C.; Yenish, Joseph] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Paulitz, TC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM paulitz@wsu.edu OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 FU Washington Grain Commission FX This research has been financially supported by the Washington Grain Commission. The authors would like to thank Dan Dreesmann and Amanda Linskey for growth chamber and greenhouse assistance. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X EI 1526-4998 J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 68 IS 6 BP 845 EP 852 DI 10.1002/ps.2336 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 940UO UT WOS:000303918800005 PM 22307918 ER PT J AU Madrid, E Rajesh, PN Rubio, J Gil, J Millan, T Chen, W AF Madrid, E. Rajesh, P. N. Rubio, J. Gil, J. Millan, T. Chen, W. TI Characterization and genetic analysis of an EIN4-like sequence (CaETR-1) located in QTL(AR1) implicated in ascochyta blight resistance in chickpea SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Chickpea; Ascochyta blight; Quantitative trait loci; Ethylene receptors ID CICER-ARIETINUM L.; TAGGED MICROSATELLITE SITES; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ETHYLENE RECEPTOR; RICE GENOME; ARABIDOPSIS; MARKERS; JASMONATE; ETR1; IDENTIFICATION AB Two alleles of a chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) ethylene receptor-like sequence (CaETR-1) were sequence-characterized using synteny analysis with genome sequences of Medicago truncatula L. The full length of the sequence obtained in the accession FLIP84-92C resistant to ascochyta blight (CaETR-1a) span 4,428 bp, including the polyadenylation signal in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR), whereas it has a 730 bp deletion in the 3'-UTR region in the susceptible accession PI359075 (CaETR-1b). The deduced protein belongs to subfamily II of the ethylene receptors and contains all the domains that define EIN4 homologs in Arabidopsis. The EIN4-like sequence (CaETR-1) has been mapped using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from an intraspecific cross between ILC3279 and WR315, resistant and susceptible to blight, respectively. The locus was located in LGIVa of the genetic map, flanked by markers NCPGR91 and GAA47 (at distances of 11.3 and 17.9 cM, respectively). This is the first potentially functional sequence identified under a QTL peak for ascochyta blight resistance in chickpea (QTL(AR1)). This EIN4-like (CaETR-1) sequence explained up to 33.8% of the total phenotypic variation. This sequence could be directly related to blight resistance, together with other QTLs that have been found to be involved in resistance to this major chickpea disease. C1 [Madrid, E.; Gil, J.; Millan, T.] Univ Cordoba, Dept Genet, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. [Rajesh, P. N.] Dow AgroSci, Trait Genet & Technol, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. [Rajesh, P. N.; Chen, W.] Washington State Univ, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Rubio, J.] IFAPA Ctr Alameda del Obispo, Area Mejora & Biotecnol, Cordoba 14080, Spain. RP Madrid, E (reprint author), Univ Cordoba, Dept Genet, Campus Rabanales,Edif C5, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. EM b62mahee@uco.es RI Millan, Teresa/L-1362-2014; Rubio, Josefa/L-1868-2014; Madrid, Eva/L-4910-2014; Gil, Juan/L-7167-2014 OI Millan, Teresa/0000-0003-1302-1794; Rubio, Josefa/0000-0002-5185-2719; Madrid, Eva/0000-0001-8257-9156; Gil, Juan/0000-0001-7938-442X FU Spanish projects [AGL2005-07497-CO2-01/AGR]; BARD [US-3870-60C]; United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund FX Research was funded in part by Spanish projects AGL2005-07497-CO2-01/AGR, and by Research Grant Award No. US-3870-60C from BARD, the United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund. NR 62 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD JUN PY 2012 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1033 EP 1042 DI 10.1007/s00299-011-1221-9 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 943SO UT WOS:000304145700007 PM 22238063 ER PT J AU Luo, B Nakata, PA AF Luo, Bin Nakata, Paul A. TI A set of GFP organelle marker lines for intracellular localization studies in Medicago truncatula SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GFP; Medicago truncatula; Organelle; Markers; Subcellular localization ID GREEN-FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; TARGETING SIGNALS; IN-VIVO; ARABIDOPSIS; PREDICTION AB Genomics advances in the model legume, Medicago truncatula, have led to an increase in the number of identified genes encoding proteins with unknown biological function. Determining the intracellular location of uncharacterized proteins often aids in the elucidation of biological function. To expedite such localization studies, we have generated a set of intracellular organelle green fluorescence protein (GFP) marker lines in M. truncatula. In addition to fluorescent detection, this set of organelle marker lines can also be used in immunohistochemical and cellular fractionation detection assays. Moreover, this set of marker lines is compatible with both transient and stable expression systems. Thus, this marker set should prove to be a useful resource for the M. truncatula research community. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Luo, Bin; Nakata, Paul A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Nakata, PA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM pnakata@bcm.tmc.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-6250-0-008] FX The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This research was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, under Cooperative Agreement number 58-6250-0-008. Special thanks go to Pascal Ratet for providing the R108 seeds and Justin Foster for comments on the manuscript. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 188 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.02.006 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 944OX UT WOS:000304214800003 PM 22525240 ER PT J AU Kim, S Peterson, SC AF Kim, Sanghoon Peterson, Steven C. TI Development of degradable polymer composites from starch and poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) SO POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; BIODEGRADABILITY; NANOPARTICLES; TEMPERATURE AB This report describes the development of degradable polymer composites, which can be made at room temperature without special equipment. The developed composites are made from poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) and starch. Ethyl cyanoacrylate monomers are mixed with starch and the polymerization reaction of these monomers was initiated by dissociated OH- ions from moisture on the surface of the starch. After the polymerization, the body of starch granules acts as filler and the micrometer-scale gaps formed by starch granules are filled with the poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate). The glass transition temperature of the composite matrix ranges from 106 degrees C to 113 degrees C and thermal degradation begins around 160 degrees C. The polymer composites produced by this procedure contain 5064 wt% of starch and have compressive strengths of 80 (+/- 10) MPa. Optimum starch composition for these composites is similar to 60 wt%. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. (C) 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers C1 [Kim, Sanghoon; Peterson, Steven C.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sanghoon.kim@ars.usda.gov FU BRDC (Biotechnology Research and Development Corporation) FX Contract grant sponsor: BRDC (Biotechnology Research and Development Corporation). NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0272-8397 J9 POLYM COMPOSITE JI Polym. Compos. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 33 IS 6 BP 904 EP 911 DI 10.1002/pc.22218 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 941WM UT WOS:000303998600009 ER PT J AU Lillehoj, HS Lee, KW AF Lillehoj, H. S. Lee, K. W. TI Immune modulation of innate immunity as alternatives-to-antibiotics strategies to mitigate the use of drugs in poultry production SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MODE AB Following is invited commentary on the symposium "A Crystal Ball Look into the Future of ... " delivered July 16, 2011, at the Poultry Science Association's 100th annual meeting, St. Louis, Missouri. The symposium examined various aspects that will impact the future of poultry production over the next 10 to 20 years. Topics included genetics; nutrition, incubation, and bird health. This paper deals with various aspects of future issues affecting global feeding and nutrition of poultry. C1 [Lillehoj, H. S.; Lee, K. W.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Hyun.Lillehoj@ARS.USDA.gov OI Lee, Kyung-Woo/0000-0002-3533-7979 NR 5 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1286 EP 1291 DI 10.3382/ps.2012-02374 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 944OW UT WOS:000304214700002 PM 22582284 ER PT J AU Tako, E Glahn, RP AF Tako, E. Glahn, R. P. TI Intra-amniotic administration and dietary inulin affect the iron status and intestinal functionality of iron-deficient broiler chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE inulin; iron; bioavailability; intestine; chicken ID CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; VITRO DIGESTION/CACO-2 MODEL; INCREASE CALCIUM-ABSORPTION; HYDROXY-BETA-METHYLBUTYRATE; BEANS PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; POULTRY GALLUS-GALLUS; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; IN-VITRO; BIOAVAILABLE IRON; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT AB Inulin, a linear beta-fructan, is present in a variety of plants, with relatively high levels of up to 20% in chicory root. It exhibits prebiotic properties and was shown to enhance mineral absorption. Our objectives were to assess the effect of intra-amniotic administration of inulin at 17 d of incubation on the iron status of broiler chicks (at hatch, 21 d) and to continue to monitor iron status with and without dietary inulin on these hatchlings for 42 d. The study included 3 prehatch treatment groups (n = 30): 1) Mulin, inulin solution (4% inulin/0.85% saline); 2) control 1, untreated eggs; and 3) control 2, saline solution (0.85% saline). Solutions were injected into the naturally consumed amniotic fluid of 17-d-old chicken embryos (groups 1, 3). Upon hatch (93% hatchability), and from each group, 10 chicks were killed and their small intestine, liver, and cecum were removed for mRNA abundance of intestinal iron-related transporters, liver ferritin amounts, and bacterial analysis of cecal content, respectively. From the remaining chicks of each group, chicks were allocated to a standard corn-based diet (+/- 4% inulin, n = 10). During the trial, hemoglobin concentrations and body hemoglobin-Fe values were higher in the inulin group versus controls (P < 0.05). On d 42, birds were anesthetized and their duodenal loops were exposed. A nonocclusive catheter was inserted into the duodenal vein for blood sampling. A solution containing Fe-58 (0.1 mg of Fe/10 mM ascorbic acid) added to the digested diet sample was injected into the loop. Blood samples were collected every 5 min and for 90 min postinjection and analyzed by inductively coupled argon-plasma mass spectrometry for Fe-58 concentrations. At the end of the procedure, animals were killed and cecum contents and sections of the duodenum and liver were removed. Results showed that Fe-58 absorption rates were at times higher in the inulin group versus the other groups. Also, mRNA abundance of DMT1 (an Fe transporter) and ferroportin in addition to liver ferritin amounts were higher (P < 0.05) in the inulin group versus controls. Results indicate that intra-amniotic administration and dietary inulin improved the iron status of iron-deficient broilers. C1 [Tako, E.; Glahn, R. P.] Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Tako, E (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM et79@cornell.edu NR 64 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 25 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1361 EP 1370 DI 10.3382/ps.2011-01864 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 944OW UT WOS:000304214700012 PM 22582294 ER PT J AU Jerome-Morais, A Wright, ME Liu, R Yang, WC Jackson, MI Combs, GF Diamond, AM AF Jerome-Morais, Anita Wright, Margaret E. Liu, Rui Yang, Wancai Jackson, Matthew I. Combs, Gerald F., Jr. Diamond, Alan M. TI Inverse association between glutathione peroxidase activity and both selenium-binding protein 1 levels and gleason score in human prostate tissue SO PROSTATE LA English DT Article DE selenium; GPx; SBP1; prostate; Gleason score ID COLORECTAL-CANCER; EXPRESSION; APOPTOSIS; CARCINOGENESIS; PATTERNS; SURVIVAL; CELLS AB BACKGROUND Data from human epidemiological studies, cultured mammalian cells, and animal models have supported a potentially beneficial role of selenium (Se) in prostate cancer prevention. In addition, Se-containing proteins including members of the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) family and Selenium-Binding Protein 1 (SBP1) have been linked to either cancer risk or development. For example, SBP1 levels are typically reduced in tumors compared to non-cancerous tissue, with the degree of reduction associated with increasingly poor clinical outcome. METHODS In order to investigate inter-relationships between blood and tissue Se levels and GPx activity, tissue SBP1 levels, and disease aggressiveness using the Gleason score, we measured levels of selenium and selected selenoproteins in fasting serum and histologically normal prostate tissues obtained from 24 men undergoing radical prostatectomy for the treatment of localized prostate cancer. RESULTS GPx enzyme activity was inversely correlated with SBP1 levels in prostate tissue as determined by densitometry of Western blots obtained using anti-SBP1 antibodies [partial Spearman's correlation coefficients and corresponding P-values overall and in African-Americans?=?-0.42 (0.08) and -0.53 (0.10), respectively], which is consistent with previous observations in cultured cells and mice. Of particular interest was the positive correlation between tissue GPx activity and Gleason score, with this relationship achieving statistical significance among African-Americans (r?=?0.67, P?=?0.02). CONCLUSION These studies support the continued investigation of the role of Se and selenoproteins in prostate cancer prevention, development, and prognosis. Prostate 72:10061012, 2012. beta 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Diamond, Alan M.] Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Jackson, Matthew I.; Combs, Gerald F., Jr.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Diamond, AM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Pathol, 840 S Wood St,Room 130 CSN, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM adiamond@uic.edu FU NIH [1R01CA127943]; American Institute of Cancer Research; DOD [W81XWH-06-1-0414]; GFHNRC CRIS [5450-51000-036-00D] FX Grant sponsor: NIH Grant; Grant number: 1R01CA127943; Grant sponsor: American Institute of Cancer Research; Grant sponsor: DOD Grant; Grant number: W81XWH-06-1-0414; Grant sponsor: GFHNRC CRIS Project; Grant number: 5450-51000-036-00D. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0270-4137 J9 PROSTATE JI Prostate PD JUN PY 2012 VL 72 IS 9 BP 1006 EP 1012 DI 10.1002/pros.21506 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Urology & Nephrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Urology & Nephrology GA 940UJ UT WOS:000303918300010 PM 22072582 ER PT J AU Kynast, RG Davis, DW Phillips, RL Rines, HW AF Kynast, R. G. Davis, D. W. Phillips, R. L. Rines, H. W. TI Gamete formation via meiotic nuclear restitution generates fertile amphiploid F-1 (oat x maize) plants SO SEXUAL PLANT REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE Avena sativa L.; Haploid; Inter-species hybridization; Meiotic restitution; Unreduced gametes; Zea mays L. ID TUBER-BEARING SOLANUMS; 2N POLLEN FORMATION; DIVISION RESTITUTION; CULTIVATED OAT; CHROMOSOME ADDITIONS; AEGILOPS-SQUARROSA; DIPLOID POTATOES; ANTHER CULTURE; AVENA HYBRIDS; 3 MECHANISMS AB Hybrid (oat x maize) zygotes developed into euhaploid plants with complete oat chromosome complements without maize chromosomes and into aneuhaploid plants with complete oat chromosome complements and different numbers of retained individual maize chromosomes. The elimination of maize chromosomes in the hybrid embryo is caused by uniparental genome loss during early steps of embryogenesis. Some of these haploid plants set seed in up to 50% of their self-pollinated spikelets. The high fertility was found to be mainly caused by formation of numerically unreduced female and male gametes ( (unreduced) = 3 + 0 aEuro broken vertical bar 3 = 21 aEuro broken vertical bar 24 chromosomes). Gamete formation involves meiotic nuclear restitution. The restitution process is caused by an alternative type of meiosis. It follows the model of -type semi-heterotypic divisions, but with a formation of the nuclear membrane at the transition from telophase I to interkinesis, which resembles the model of -type pseudo-homotypic divisions. We propose the name haploid meiotic restitution for this particular process combination. We discuss the use and implications of the specific process of gamete formation in F-1 (oat x maize) plants. C1 [Kynast, R. G.] Royal Bot Gardens, Jodrell Lab, Richmond TW9 3AB, Surrey, England. [Davis, D. W.; Phillips, R. L.] Univ Minnesota, Microbial & Plant Genom Inst, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Rines, H. W.] Univ Minnesota, Plant Sci Res Unit, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kynast, RG (reprint author), Royal Bot Gardens, Jodrell Lab, Richmond TW9 3AB, Surrey, England. EM r.kynast@kew.org FU National Science Foundation [0110134] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Grant 0110134. NR 75 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0934-0882 EI 1432-2145 J9 SEX PLANT REPROD JI Sex. Plant Reprod. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 25 IS 2 BP 111 EP 122 DI 10.1007/s00497-012-0182-7 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology SC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology GA 944NR UT WOS:000304211200003 PM 22367231 ER PT J AU Barham, BL Weber, JG AF Barham, Bradford L. Weber, Jeremy G. TI The Economic Sustainability of Certified Coffee: Recent Evidence from Mexico and Peru SO WORLD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Latin American; Peru; Mexico; certified coffee; Fair Trade; organic; sustainability ID FAIR TRADE; SHADE COFFEE; CERTIFICATION; BIODIVERSITY; NICARAGUA; PRODUCTIVITY; INITIATIVES; FARMS AB Consumers increasingly act on preferences for a more just and sustainable world by purchasing certified agricultural products. Using survey data from coffee growers in Mexico and Peru, we explore the economic sustainability of certified coffee, looking at conventional, Fair Trade/organic, and Rainforest Alliance certified growers. The analysis reveals that yields rather than price premiums are most important for increasing net cash returns for coffee growing households. Given the link between net returns and producer participation in certified coffee schemes, the findings suggest that certification norms that permit improving yields are essential for improving grower welfare and attracting and maintaining growers. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Barham, Bradford L.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Weber, Jeremy G.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Barham, BL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 39 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 8 U2 84 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-750X J9 WORLD DEV JI World Dev. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1269 EP 1279 DI 10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.11.005 PG 11 WC Economics; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 944YU UT WOS:000304240500015 ER PT J AU Lu, AS Baranowski, T Thompson, D Buday, R AF Lu, Amy Shirong Baranowski, Tom Thompson, Debbe Buday, Richard TI Story Immersion of Videogames for Youth Health Promotion: A Review of Literature SO GAMES FOR HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Review AB This article reviews research in the fields of psychology, literature, communication, human-computer interaction, public health, and consumer behavior on narrative and its potential relationships with videogames and story immersion. It also reviews a narrative's role in complementing behavioral change theories and the potential of story immersion for health promotion through videogames. Videogames have potential for health promotion and may be especially promising when attempting to reach youth. An understudied characteristic of videogames is that many contain a narrative, or story. Story immersion (transportation) is a mechanism through which a narrative influences players' cognition, affect, and, potentially, health behavior. Immersion promotes the suspension of disbelief and the reduction of counterarguments, enables the story experience as a personal experience, and creates the player's deep affection for narrative protagonists. Story immersion complements behavioral change theories, including the Theory of Planned Behavior, Social Cognitive Theory, and Self-Determination Theory. Systematic investigations are needed to realize the powerful potential of interactive narratives within theory-driven research. C1 [Lu, Amy Shirong] Northwestern Univ, Sch Commun, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Baranowski, Tom; Thompson, Debbe] Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Buday, Richard] Archimage Inc, Houston, TX USA. RP Lu, AS (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Sch Commun, 2240 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM amylu@northwestern.edu OI Lu, Amy Shirong/0000-0002-8230-9049 FU NCI NIH HHS [R21 CA158917] NR 79 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 7 U2 12 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 2161-783X EI 2161-7856 J9 GAMES HEALTH J JI Games Health J. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 1 IS 3 BP 199 EP 204 DI 10.1089/g4h.2011.0012 PG 6 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation GA V40YP UT WOS:000209514200005 PM 24416639 ER PT J AU Beltran, A O'Connor, T Hughes, S Baranowski, J Nicklas, TA Thompson, D Baranowski, T AF Beltran, Alicia O'Connor, Teresia Hughes, Sheryl Baranowski, Janice Nicklas, Theresa A. Thompson, Debbe Baranowski, Tom TI Alpha Test of a Videogame to Increase Children's Vegetable Consumption SO GAMES FOR HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Objective: This is a report of an alpha test with a computer of one episode of a casual videogame smartphone application, called Kiddio Food Fight (TM) (Archimage Inc., Houston, TX), targeted at training parents to increase their 3-5-year-old child's vegetable consumption. Subjects and Methods: This was a qualitative study using semistructured interviews. Sixteen parents from three ethnic groups living with their 3-5-year-old child were recruited. Parents provided screening information and informed consent and played the videogame. Afterward, semistructured intensive interviews were conducted about their experience. Results: Parents generally liked the game. Their suggestions included a reduced list of values, rewording of reasons statements, an improved storyline, and feedback during and at the end of the game. The scoring system was ignored or confusing. Problems with the tool bar and game navigation caused problems in performance. A tutorial was requested. Conclusions: Kiddio Food Fight could have positive acceptance among parents with minor modifications. A videogame play could help parents learn effective vegetable parenting practices. C1 [Beltran, Alicia; O'Connor, Teresia; Hughes, Sheryl; Baranowski, Janice; Nicklas, Theresa A.; Thompson, Debbe; Baranowski, Tom] Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Beltran, A (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM abeltran@bcm.edu OI Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222 FU U.S. Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [HD058175]; U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS) [58-6250-6001] FX This research was primarily funded by grant HD058175 from the U.S. Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. This work is also a publication funded in part with federal funds from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS) under Cooperative Agreement Number 58-6250-6001. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 2161-783X EI 2161-7856 J9 GAMES HEALTH J JI Games Health J. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 1 IS 3 BP 219 EP 222 DI 10.1089/g4h.2011.0027 PG 4 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation GA V40YP UT WOS:000209514200008 ER PT J AU Baranowski, T Baranowski, J O'Connor, T Lu, AS Thompson, D AF Baranowski, Tom Baranowski, Janice O'Connor, Teresia Lu, Amy Shirong Thompson, Debbe TI Is Enhanced Physical Activity Possible Using Active Videogames? SO GAMES FOR HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Our research indicated that 10-12-year-old children receiving two active Wii (TM) (Nintendo (R); Nintendo of America, Inc., Redmond, WA) console videogames were no more physically active than children receiving two inactive videogames. Research is needed on how active videogames may increase physical activity. C1 [Baranowski, Tom; Baranowski, Janice; O'Connor, Teresia; Thompson, Debbe] Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Lu, Amy Shirong] Northwestern Univ, Dept Commun Studies, Sch Commun, Evanston, IL USA. RP Baranowski, T (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tbaranow@bcm.edu OI Lu, Amy Shirong/0000-0002-8230-9049 FU National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health [CA 140670]; USDA/ARS [58-6250-6001] FX This work was funded by grant CA 140670 from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health. This work is also a publication of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, and had been funded in part with federal funds from the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement Number 58-6250-6001. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 8 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 2161-783X EI 2161-7856 J9 GAMES HEALTH J JI Games Health J. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 1 IS 3 BP 228 EP 232 DI 10.1089/g4h.2012.0018 PG 5 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation GA V40YP UT WOS:000209514200010 PM 24416640 ER PT J AU Casanova, JJ Evett, SR Schwartz, RC AF Casanova, Joaquin J. Evett, Steven R. Schwartz, Robert C. TI Design of Access-Tube TDR Sensor for Soil Water Content: Theory SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Dielectric; electromagnetics; sensors; soil water AB Soil water measurement is important in water management for irrigation and hydrologic sciences. The purpose of this paper is to describe the design of a cylindrical access-tube mounted waveguide for use in time-domain reflectometry (TDR) for in-situ soil water content sensing. In order to optimize the design with respect to sampling volume and losses, we derived the electromagnetic fields produced by a TDR sensor with this geometry. Using this analytical derivation, the effects on sampling area, waveform shape, and losses while varying design and soil water content were examined. It was found that when the soil and tube substrate have identical dielectrics, then sampling area has a local extremum. Tube radius has the largest impact of any geometrical parameter on sampling area with increases in radius causing increases in sampling area. Increasing electrode separation angle increases the sampling area slightly. The effects on TDR waveform are greatest for soil water content, tube dielectric, and tube radius: where increasing any of these increase delay and dispersion. C1 [Casanova, Joaquin J.; Evett, Steven R.; Schwartz, Robert C.] ARS, USDA, CPRL, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Casanova, JJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CPRL, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM joaquin.casanova@ars.usda.gov; steve.evett@ars.usda.gov; robert.schwartz@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service; Kansas State University; Texas AgriLife Research; Texas AgriLife Extension Service; Texas Tech University; West Texas AM University FX This work was supported in part by the Ogallala Aquifer Program, a consortium between USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Kansas State University, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Texas Tech University, and West Texas A&M University. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-437X EI 1558-1748 J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1979 EP 1986 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2011.2181354 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA V45IQ UT WOS:000209810700027 ER PT J AU Casanova, JJ Evett, SR Schwartz, RC AF Casanova, Joaquin J. Evett, Steven R. Schwartz, Robert C. TI Design of Access-Tube TDR Sensor for Soil Water Content: Testing SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Dielectric; electromagnetics; sensors; soil water AB Soil water measurement is important in water management for irrigation and in hydrologic sciences. The purpose of this paper is to develop and test the design of a cylindrical access-tube mounted waveguide for use in time-domain reflectometry (TDR) for in situ soil water content sensing. Several prototypes with varying geometrical parameters were constructed. The sensors were compared by evaluating the characteristics of reflected waveforms from a (200-ps) step pulse in different media, including air, triethylene glycol, deionized water, and over a range of water contents in sand and a clay loam soil. Sensors with greater separation between electrodes, achieved by means different tube diameters or the separation angles, tend to have greater field penetration in both sand and clay. In addition, sensors with the shortest electrode separation show greater sensitivity to soil electrical conductivity. Together, these trends demonstrate that the propagating electromagnetic fields above 0 Hz do not take the transverse electromagnetic form commonly assumed in the analysis of TDR probes. C1 [Casanova, Joaquin J.; Evett, Steven R.; Schwartz, Robert C.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Casanova, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM joaquin.casanova@ars.usda.gov; steve.evett@ars.usda.gov; robert.schwartz@ars.usda.gov FU Ogallala Aquifer Program; USDA-Agricultural Research Service; Kansas State University; Texas AgriLife Research; Texas AgriLife Extension Service; Texas Tech University; West Texas AM University FX This work was supported in part by the Ogallala Aquifer Program, a consortium between USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Kansas State University, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Texas Tech University, and West Texas A&M University. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-437X EI 1558-1748 J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 12 IS 6 BP 2064 EP 2070 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2012.2184282 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA V45IQ UT WOS:000209810700038 ER PT J AU Jurjevic, Z Peterson, SW Horn, BW AF Jurjevic, Zeljko Peterson, Stephen W. Horn, Bruce W. TI Aspergillus section Versicolores: nine new species and multilocus DNA sequence based phylogeny SO IMA FUNGUS LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus amoenus; Aspergillus austroafricanus; Aspergillus creber; Aspergillus cvjetkovicii; Aspergillus fructus; Aspergillus jensenii; Aspergillus protuberus; Aspergillus puulaauensis; Aspergillus subversicolor; Aspergillus sydowii; Aspergillus tabacinus; Aspergillus tennesseensis; Aspergillus venenatus; Aspergillus versicolor; concordance analysis; phylogeny; systematics AB beta-tubulin, calmodulin, internal transcribed spacer and partial lsu-rDNA, RNA polymerase 2, DNA replication licensing factor Mcm7, and pre-rRNA processing protein Tsr1 were amplified and sequenced from numerous isolates belonging to Aspergillus sect. versicolor. The isolates were analyzed phylogenetically using the concordance model to establish species boundaries. Aspergillus austroafricanus, A. creber, A. cvjetkovicii, A. fructus, A. jensenii, A. puulaauensis, A. subversicolor, A. tennesseensis and A. venenatus are described as new species and A. amoenus, A. protuberus, A. sydowii, A. tabacinus and A. versicolor are accepted as distinct species on the basis of molecular and phenotypic differences. PCR primer pairs used to detect A. versicolor in sick building syndrome studies have a positive reaction for all of the newly described species except A. subversicolor. C1 [Jurjevic, Zeljko] EMSL Analyt Inc, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 USA. [Peterson, Stephen W.] USDA, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, ARS, 1815 North Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Horn, Bruce W.] USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, ARS, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. RP Peterson, SW (reprint author), USDA, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, ARS, 1815 North Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM peterson@ars.usda.gov NR 57 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 12 PU INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC PI BERKELEY PA C/O J TAYLOR, DEPT PLANT & MICROBIAL BIOLOGY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA SN 2210-6340 EI 2210-6359 J9 IMA FUNGUS JI IMA Fungus PD JUN PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 BP 59 EP + DI 10.5598/imafungus.2012.03.01.07 PG 26 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA V46TZ UT WOS:000209907800034 PM 23155501 ER PT J AU Davis, TS Foote, NE Grady, KC AF Davis, Thomas S. Foote, Nathaniel E. Grady, Kevin C. TI Tree size but not forest basal area influences ant colony response to disturbance in a neotropical ant-plant association SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TROPICAL INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Ant-acacia mutualisms are conspicuous biotic associations in Savannah and neotropical ecosystems; however, the effects of tree size and forest structure on ant behaviour and tree traits are rarely examined. We tested two hypotheses related to these effects: (1) ant responses to disturbance are influenced by tree size and forest basal area; and (2) tree traits important to ants are predictable by tree size and forest basal area. We investigated these hypotheses in a dry tropical forest (Ometepe Island, Nicaragua) with the myrmecophytic Collins acacia (Vachellia collinsii Saff.) and the ant Pseudomyrmex spinicola (Emery 1890). We measured trees from three size classes and three basal area classes and quantified resources that are important for ants, including food resources (nectaries and Beltian bodies) and domiciles (thorns), as well as a measure of potential tree reproductive fitness (seedpods). We also evaluated ant responses to experimental disturbances. Three important findings emerged: (1) on average, 1140-1173% more ants responded to experimental disturbances of large trees than small- or intermediate-sized trees, respectively; (2) forest basal area did not affect ant responses to disturbance; and (3) neither tree size nor forest basal area was correlated with branch-level mean numbers of nectaries, food bodies or thorns. Our studies support the hypothesis that tree size is an important factor regarding ant behavioural responses to disturbance, but not forest basal area. Our work suggests that future studies of ant behaviour on myrmecophytes should consider tree size. RP Davis, TS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM tsdavis1@gmail.com NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 15 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-7584 EI 1742-7592 J9 INT J TROP INSECT SC JI Int. J. Trop. Insect Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 32 IS 2 BP 116 EP 121 DI 10.1017/S1742758412000136 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 980JX UT WOS:000306890600007 ER PT J AU Kokalis-Burelle, N Rosskopf, EN AF Kokalis-Burelle, Nancy Rosskopf, Erin N. TI Susceptibility of Several Common Subtropical Weeds to Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, and M. javanica SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aeschynomene americana; Amaranthus retroflexus; Cyperus esculentus; Eleusine indica; Florida; host status; nematode reproduction; Portulaca oleracea; root-knot nematodes; Solanum americanum ID TROPICAL ROTATION CROPS; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES; HOST SUITABILITY; VEGETABLE YIELDS; COVER CROPS; MANAGEMENT; FLORIDA; POPULATIONS; DENSITIES; UNCOMMON AB Experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to assess root galling and egg production of three root-knot nematode species, Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, and M. javanica, on several weeds common to Florida agricultural land. Weeds evaluated were Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed), Cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge), Eleusine indica (goosegrass), Portulaca oleracea (common purslane), and Solanum americanum (American black nightshade). Additionally, although it is recommended as a cover crop in southern regions of the U. S., Aeschynomene americana (American jointvetch) was evaluated as a weed following the detection of root galling in a heavy volunteer infestation of an experimental field in southeastern Florida. Weeds were propagated from seed and inoculated with 1000 nematode eggs when plants reached the two true-leaf stage. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum 'Rutgers') was included as a positive control. Aeschynomene americana and P. oleracea roots supported the highest number of juveniles (J2) and had the highest number of eggs/g of root for all three species of Meloidogyne tested. However, though P. oleracea supported very high root levels of the three nematode species tested, its fleshy roots did not exhibit severe gall symptoms. Low levels of apparent galling, combined with high egg production, increase the potential for P. oleracea to support populations of these three species of root-knot nematodes to a degree that may not be appropriately recognized. This research quantifies the impact of P. oleracea as a host for M. arenaria, M. incognita, and M. javanica compared to several other important weeds commonly found in Florida agricultural production, and the potential for A. americana to serve as an important weed host of the three species of root-knot nematode tested in southern regions of Florida. C1 [Kokalis-Burelle, Nancy; Rosskopf, Erin N.] ARS, Subtrop Plant Pathol Res Unit, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Kokalis-Burelle, N (reprint author), ARS, Subtrop Plant Pathol Res Unit, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM nancy.burelle@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 44 IS 2 BP 142 EP 147 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 164ZL UT WOS:000320451700007 PM 23482324 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI Han, RC Dolinksi, C AF Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Han, Richou Dolinksi, Claudia TI Entomopathogenic Nematode Production and Application Technology SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Nematologists / Symposium on Legacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes - Contributions to Science and Environmental Sustainability CY 2011 CL Corvallis, OR SP Soc Nematologists DE application technology; entomopathogenic nematode; Heterorhabditis; production; Steinernema ID DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS COLEOPTERA; WHITE GRUBS COLEOPTERA; IN-VIVO PRODUCTION; HETERORHABDITIS-BACTERIOPHORA OSWEGO; LPP7 RHABDITIDA HETERORHABDITIDAE; GALLERIA-MELLONELLA LEPIDOPTERA; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE CLO-53; SUBMERGED MONOXENIC CULTURE; JAPANESE-BEETLE COLEOPTERA; INFECTED-HOST CADAVERS AB Production and application technology is critical for the success of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in biological control. Production approaches include in vivo, and in vitro methods (solid or liquid fermentation). For laboratory use and small scale field experiments, in vivo production of EPNs appears to be the appropriate method. In vivo production is also appropriate for niche markets and small growers where a lack of capital, scientific expertise or infrastructure cannot justify large investments into in vitro culture technology. In vitro technology is used when large scale production is needed at reasonable quality and cost. Infective juveniles of entomopathogenic nematodes are usually applied using various spray equipment and standard irrigation systems. Enhanced efficacy in EPN applications can be facilitated through improved delivery mechanisms (e. g., cadaver application) or optimization of spray equipment. Substantial progress has been made in recent years in developing EPN formulations, particularly for above ground applications, e. g., mixing EPNs with surfactants or polymers or with sprayable gels. Bait formulations and insect host cadavers can enhance EPN persistence and reduce the quantity of nematodes required per unit area. This review provides a summary and analysis of factors that affect production and application of EPNs and offers insights for their future in biological insect suppression. C1 [Shapiro-Ilan, David I.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Han, Richou] Guangdong Entomol Inst, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Dolinksi, Claudia] UENF CCTA LEF, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM David.Shapiro@ars.usda.gov NR 176 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 40 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 44 IS 2 BP 206 EP 217 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 164ZL UT WOS:000320451700014 PM 23482883 ER PT J AU Kim, JS Makama, M Petito, J Park, NH Cohan, FM Dungan, RS AF Kim, Jong-Shik Makama, Mfundi Petito, Janine Park, Nyun-Ho Cohan, Frederick M. Dungan, Robert S. TI Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea in hypersaline sediment from Death Valley National Park, California SO MICROBIOLOGYOPEN LA English DT Article DE Archaea; Bacteria; Ecotype Simulation; hypersaline sediment; phylogeny; 16S rRNA gene AB The objective of this study was to phylogenetically analyze microorganisms from the domains Bacteria and Archaea in hypersaline sediment from Death Valley National Park. Using domain-specific primers, a region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the 0product was subsequently used to create a clone library. A total of 243 bacterial clones, 99 archaeal clones, and 209 bacterial isolates were examined. The 243 clones from Bacteria were affiliated with the following groups: the Bacilli (59 clones) and Clostridia (1) of the Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes (90), Proteobacteria (27), Cyanobacteria (18), Gemmatimonadetes (41), candidate division OP1 (5), Actinobacteria (1), and the Deinococcus-Thermus division (1). Within the class Bacilli, 46 of 59 clones were tentatively identified as 10 unclassified species. The majority of bacterial isolates (130 of 209) were more closely related to the Bacillus subtilis-B. licheniformis clade than to any other recognized taxon, and an Ecotype Simulation analysis of B. subtilis relatives identified four previously unknown ecotypes. Several new genera were discovered within the Bacteroidetes (4) and the Gemmatimonadetes (2). Of the 99 archaeal clones, 94 were tentatively identified as belonging to 3 new genera within the Halobacteriaceae; other clones represented novel species within each of 4 established genera. C1 [Kim, Jong-Shik; Park, Nyun-Ho] Gyeongbuk Inst Marine Bioind, Uljin Gun 767813, Gyeongsangbuk D, South Korea. [Makama, Mfundi; Petito, Janine; Cohan, Frederick M.] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Biol, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Dungan, Robert S.] USDA ARS, Northwest Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Dungan, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Northwest Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM robert.dungan@ars.usda.gov FU Gyeongsangbuk-Do research program, Wesleyan University; Uljin-Gun research program, Wesleyan University; United States Department of Agriculture FX Supported by research funds from the Gyeongsangbuk-Do and Uljin-Gun research programs, Wesleyan University, and the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-8827 J9 MICROBIOLOGYOPEN JI MicrobiologyOpen PD JUN PY 2012 VL 1 IS 2 BP 135 EP 148 DI 10.1002/mbo3.20 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA V34HM UT WOS:000209077500005 PM 22950020 ER PT J AU Berner, DK Smallwood, EL Cavin, CA Lagopodi, AL Kashefi, JN AF Berner, D. K. Smallwood, E. L. Cavin, C. A. Lagopodi, A. L. Kashefi, J. N. TI Routine establishment of epidemics of systemic disease of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) caused by the rust fungus Puccinia punctiformis SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Potomac-Division CY MAR 14-16, 2012 CL Winchester, VA SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), Potomac Div C1 [Lagopodi, A. L.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Sch Agr, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. [Kashefi, J. N.] ARS, USDA, European Biol Control Lab, Thessaloniki, Greece. [Berner, D. K.; Smallwood, E. L.; Cavin, C. A.] ARS, USDA, FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2012 VL 102 IS 6 SU 3 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196ST UT WOS:000322797400003 ER PT J AU Berner, DK Cavin, CA Erper, I Tunali, B AF Berner, D. K. Cavin, C. A. Erper, I. Tunali, B. TI Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, causing anthracnose of mile-a-minute (Persicaria perfoliata) in Turkey, is a potential biological control agent of this weed in the US SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Potomac-Division CY MAR 14-16, 2012 CL Winchester, VA SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), Potomac Div C1 [Erper, I.; Tunali, B.] Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, Samsun, Turkey. [Berner, D. K.; Cavin, C. A.] ARS, USDA, FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2012 VL 102 IS 6 SU 3 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196ST UT WOS:000322797400004 ER PT J AU Bruckart, WL Eskandari, FM Michael, JL AF Bruckart, W. L. Eskandari, F. M. Michael, J. L. TI Evidence for differential susceptibility of non-native Rubus species from Oregon to rust disease by Phragmidium violaceum SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Potomac-Division CY MAR 14-16, 2012 CL Winchester, VA SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), Potomac Div C1 [Bruckart, W. L.; Eskandari, F. M.; Michael, J. L.] ARS, USDA, Ft Detrick, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2012 VL 102 IS 6 SU 3 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196ST UT WOS:000322797400005 ER PT J AU Davis, RE Dally, EL Zhao, Y Lee, I Wolf, TK Beanland, L Fiola, JA Chien, M Walter-Peterson, HC AF Davis, R. E. Dally, E. L. Zhao, Y. Lee, I. Wolf, T. K. Beanland, L. Fiola, J. A. Chien, M. Walter-Peterson, H. C. TI Grapevine yellows from New York to Virginia: Multilocus molecular genetic characterization of phytoplasmas affecting commercial vineyards SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Potomac-Division CY MAR 14-16, 2012 CL Winchester, VA SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), Potomac Div C1 [Walter-Peterson, H. C.] Cornell Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Cornell Cooperat Extens, Penn Yan, NY USA. [Chien, M.] Penn State Univ, Coll Agr Sci, Penn State Cooperat Extens, Lancaster, PA USA. [Davis, R. E.; Dally, E. L.; Zhao, Y.; Lee, I.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Fiola, J. A.] Univ Maryland Extens, Western MD Res & Educ Ctr, Keedysville, MD USA. [Wolf, T. K.; Beanland, L.] Virginia Tech, Alson H Smith Jr Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Winchester, VA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2012 VL 102 IS 6 SU 3 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196ST UT WOS:000322797400006 ER PT J AU Di Bello, PL Balci, Y Martin, D Huang, Q Lear, M AF Di Bello, P. L. Balci, Y. Martin, D. Huang, Q. Lear, M. TI Occurrence of Xylella fastidiosa subsp multiplex on Washington DC street trees SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Potomac-Division CY MAR 14-16, 2012 CL Winchester, VA SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), Potomac Div C1 [Di Bello, P. L.; Balci, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lear, M.] Urban Forestry Adm, Dist Dept Transportat, Washington, DC USA. [Huang, Q.] ARS, Floral & Nursery Plant Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Martin, D.] US Forest Serv, Northeastern Area State & Private Forestry Forest, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2012 VL 102 IS 6 SU 3 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196ST UT WOS:000322797400007 ER PT J AU Hartung, JS Shao, J Kuykendall, LD AF Hartung, J. S. Shao, J. Kuykendall, L. D. TI 'Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus' genes orthologous with pSymA-borne genes of Sinorhizobium meliloti: Suggested roles in eukaryotic host interactions SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Potomac-Division CY MAR 14-16, 2012 CL Winchester, VA SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), Potomac Div C1 [Hartung, J. S.; Shao, J.; Kuykendall, L. D.] ARS, USDA, MPPL, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2012 VL 102 IS 6 SU 3 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196ST UT WOS:000322797400012 ER PT J AU Melnick, RL Strem, MD Bailey, BA AF Melnick, R. L. Strem, M. D. Bailey, B. A. TI Moniliophthora roreri: The link between cacao disease and physiological conditions SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Potomac-Division CY MAR 14-16, 2012 CL Winchester, VA SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), Potomac Div C1 [Melnick, R. L.; Strem, M. D.; Bailey, B. A.] ARS, USDA, SPCL, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2012 VL 102 IS 6 SU 3 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196ST UT WOS:000322797400018 ER PT J AU Roberts, DP Mckenna, LF Maul, JE Lakshman, DK Buyer, JS Emche, SE AF Roberts, D. P. Mckenna, L. F. Maul, J. E. Lakshman, D. K. Buyer, J. S. Emche, S. E. TI Natural products for suppression of damping-off pathogens in organic cucumber production SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Potomac-Division CY MAR 14-16, 2012 CL Winchester, VA SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), Potomac Div C1 [Roberts, D. P.; Mckenna, L. F.; Maul, J. E.; Lakshman, D. K.; Buyer, J. S.; Emche, S. E.] ARS, USDA, Sacramento, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2012 VL 102 IS 6 SU 3 BP 4 EP 5 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196ST UT WOS:000322797400021 ER PT J AU Gonsalves, D Gonsalves, C Carr, J Tripathi, S Matsumoto, T Suzuki, J Ferreira, S Pitz, K AF Gonsalves, D. Gonsalves, C. Carr, J. Tripathi, S. Matsumoto, T. Suzuki, J. Ferreira, S. Pitz, K. TI Assaying for Pollen Drift from Transgenic 'Rainbow' to Nontransgenic 'Kapoho' Papaya under Commercial and Experimental Field Conditions in Hawaii SO TROPICAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coexistence; Pollination; Risk assessment; Transgene flow; Hawaiian solo papaya AB In 1992, papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) was discovered in the Puna district of Hawaii island where 95% of the state of Hawaii's papaya was being grown. By 1998 production in Puna had decreased 50% from 1992 levels. A PRSV-resistant transgenic papaya 'Rainbow' containing the coat protein gene of PRSV was released commercially in Hawaii in 1998, and saved the papaya industry from further devastation. In the ensuing years since the release of the transgenic papaya, a number of farmers grew hermaphrodite nontransgenic 'Kapoho' papaya in close proximity to plantings of hermaphrodite transgenic 'Rainbow' papaya. These plantings provided a unique opportunity to assay for transgenic-pollen drift under commercial conditions. Between 2004 and 2010, assays for the GUS (beta-glucuronidase) transgene in embryos were done to study transgenic-pollen drift in commercial 'Kapoho' plantings and in replicated field plots. Very low pollen drift (0.8%) was detected in fruit of 'Kapoho' trees in the border row of one plantation when 90 embryos were assayed per fruit, while no pollen drift was detected in four other commercial plantings in which eight embryos were tested per fruit. Pollen drift averaged 1.3% of tested embryos in field plots where individual hermaphrodite 'Kapoho' trees were adjacent to two or four 'Rainbow' trees. In contrast, 67.4% of tested embryos were GUS positive in similarly located female 'Kapoho' trees. The very low transgene flow to closeby 'Kapoho' plantings is likely due to the fact that hermaphrodite trees are used commercially in Hawaii and that these trees are largely self-pollinated before the stigma is exposed to external pollen. C1 [Gonsalves, D.; Carr, J.; Matsumoto, T.; Suzuki, J.] ARS, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Tripathi, S.; Ferreira, S.; Pitz, K.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Gonsalves, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 64 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM dennis.gonsalves@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1935-9756 EI 1935-9764 J9 TROP PLANT BIOL JI Trop. Plant Biol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 BP 153 EP 160 DI 10.1007/s12042-011-9090-5 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V32WB UT WOS:000208980200001 ER PT J AU Holden, ZA Kasworm, WF Servheen, C Hahn, B Dobrowski, S AF Holden, Zachary A. Kasworm, Wayne F. Servheen, Christopher Hahn, Beth Dobrowski, Solomon TI Sensitivity of Berry Productivity to Climatic Variation in the Cabinet-Yaak Grizzly Bear Recovery Zone, Northwest United States, 1989-2010 SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE climate change; grizzly bear; huckleberry; snowmelt; temperature range; vapor pressure deficit AB Berry-producing shrubs are culturally, economically, and ecologically important for both people and animals in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. We examined huckleberry (Vaccinium membranaceum) and serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia) productivity across the Cabinet-Yaak grizzly bear recovery zone in Northern Idaho and Western Montana. An index of annual berry productivity was measured at field plots from 1989 to 2010. Temperature, precipitation, and snow indices were derived from nearby Snowpack Telemetry (SNOTEL) stations. Huckleberry production was highest during cool springs with high July diurnal temperature ranges. April-June growing-degree days and July temperature range explain 70% of the inter-annual variability in huckleberry productivity. Serviceberry production was correlated with maximum snow-water equivalent and April-June growing-degree days, which explained 86% of the variance in annual serviceberry production. These models show potential to forecast annual berry production and to anticipate potential bear-human interactions. Further development of models is essential to better predict the potential changes in important wildlife resources in the context of climate change. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Holden, Zachary A.; Hahn, Beth] US Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Kasworm, Wayne F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Libby, MT 59923 USA. [Servheen, Christopher] Univ Montana, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Dobrowski, Solomon] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Holden, ZA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 200 E Broadway St, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM zaholden@fs.fed.us NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 36 IS 2 BP 226 EP 231 DI 10.1002/wsb.128 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GY UT WOS:000209333100004 ER PT J AU Sidle, JG Augustine, DJ Johnson, DH Miller, SD Cully, JF Reading, RP AF Sidle, John G. Augustine, David J. Johnson, Douglas H. Miller, Sterling D. Cully, Jack F., Jr. Reading, Richard P. TI Aerial Surveys Adjusted by Ground Surveys to Estimate Area Occupied by Black-Tailed Prairie Dog Colonies SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE area occupied; Cynomys ludovicianus; line-intercept sampling; monitoring; plague AB Aerial surveys using line-intercept methods are one approach to estimate the extent of prairie dog colonies in a large geographic area. Although black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) construct conspicuous mounds at burrow openings, aerial observers have difficulty discriminating between areas with burrows occupied by prairie dogs (colonies) versus areas of uninhabited burrows (uninhabited colony sites). Consequently, aerial line-intercept surveys may overestimate prairie dog colony extent unless adjusted by an on-the-ground inspection of a sample of intercepts. We compared aerial line-intercept surveys conducted over 2 National Grasslands in Colorado, USA, with independent ground-mapping of known black-tailed prairie dog colonies. Aerial line-intercepts adjusted by ground surveys using a single activity category adjustment overestimated colonies by >= 94% on the Comanche National Grassland and >= 58% on the Pawnee National Grassland. We present a ground-survey technique that involves 1) visiting on the ground a subset of aerial intercepts classified as occupied colonies plus a subset of intercepts classified as uninhabited colony sites, and 2) based on these ground observations, recording the proportion of each aerial intercept that intersects a colony and the proportion that intersects an uninhabited colony site. Where line-intercept techniques are applied to aerial surveys or remotely sensed imagery, this method can provide more accurate estimates of black-tailed prairie dog abundance and trends. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Sidle, John G.] US Forest Serv, Chadron, NE 69337 USA. [Augustine, David J.] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Johnson, Douglas H.] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Miller, Sterling D.] Natl Wildlife Federat, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. [Cully, Jack F., Jr.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Reading, Richard P.] Denver Zool Fdn, Dept Conservat Biol, Denver, CO 80205 USA. RP Sidle, JG (reprint author), Garamba Natl Pk, African Pk, Haut Uele Dist, Orientale Provi, DEM REP CONGO. EM david.augustine@ars.usda.gov FU Denver Zoological Foundation; National Wildlife Federation FX We thank the CDOW for making their aerial and groundsurvey data available for use in our analyses. We thank E. Odell for providing clarifications of the techniques used in the CDOW prairie dog surveys. We thank S. Forrest, T. Johnson, R. Matchett, and J. Hoogland for comments on earlier versions of the manuscript and other assistance. The Denver Zoological Foundation provided support to R. Reading and the National Wildlife Federation to S. Miller. We thank D. E. Biggins, D. M. Leslie, L. L. McDonald, G. C. White, and 3 anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on this paper. Mention of trade notes does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 36 IS 2 BP 248 EP 256 DI 10.1002/wsb.146 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GY UT WOS:000209333100007 ER PT J AU Ramirez-Romero, R Sivinski, J Copeland, CS Aluja, M AF Ramirez-Romero, Ricardo Sivinski, J. Copeland, C. S. Aluja, M. TI Are individuals from thelytokous and arrhenotokous populations equally adept as biocontrol agents? Orientation and host searching behavior of a fruit fly parasitoid SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Behavior; Odontosema anastrephae; Hymenoptera; Figitidae; Fruit fly biological control; Tephritidae ID WOLBACHIA-INDUCED PARTHENOGENESIS; LEPTOPILINA-CLAVIPES HYMENOPTERA; LONGICAUDATA ASHMEAD HYMENOPTERA; DIPTERA TEPHRITIDAE POPULATION; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; FLIES DIPTERA; AUGMENTATIVE RELEASES; PUPAL PARASITOIDS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; LARVAL-PUPAL AB Hymenopteran parasitoids generally reproduce by arrhenotoky, in which males develop from unfertilized eggs and females from fertilized eggs. A minority reproduce by thelytoky, in which all-female broods are derived from unfertilized eggs. Thelytokous populations are potentially of interest for augmentative biological control programs since the exclusive production of females could significantly lower the costs of mass rearing. Behavioral traits are a major component of parasitoid efficacy. Here, we examined orientation and host searching behavior in thelytokous and arrhenotokous populations of the fruit fly parasitoid Borgmeier (Hymenoptera: Figitidae). Orientation behavior to various odorant sources was studied in a two-choice olfactometer. No major differences were found between thelytokous and arrhenotokous wasps for this behavior. However, when host-searching behaviors were analyzed, some differences were found. Thelytokous females arrived sooner, foraged longer, and remained longer on non-infested guavas than arrhenotokous females. Individuals of both forms exhibited similar stereotyped behavioral sequences vis-A -vis guava treatments, with only slight deviations detected. Our results suggest that individuals from selected thelytokous and arrhenotokous populations have similar abilities to search for tephritid larvae, supporting the use of thelytokous strains for augmentative releases. C1 [Ramirez-Romero, Ricardo; Aluja, M.] Inst Ecol AC, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. [Sivinski, J.; Copeland, C. S.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Ramirez-Romero, R (reprint author), Univ Guadalajara, CUCBA, Dept Agr Prod, Zapopan 45100, Jalisco, Mexico. EM rramirez@cucba.udg.mx FU Mexican Campana Nacional Contra Moscas de la Fruta (DGSV-SAGARPA-IICA); Mexican Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT) [46846-Q, 79449]; Mexican Comision para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad [H-296]; Sistema de Investigacion Regional del Golfo de Mexico (SIGOLFO-CONACyT) [96-01-003-V]; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS); Instituto de Ecologia A.C. (INECOL, A.C.) Mexico FX We thank two anonymous reviewers and the editor for helping us to produce a more polished final product. We also thank Dr. Nicolas Desneux (INRA-URIH, France) for critical comments on an early version of the manuscript and Dr. Roger Guevara (INECOL, A.C., Mexico) for statistical advice. We thank Cecilia Martinez, Sandy P. Mendez and Nicoleta Righini for technical assistance. This project was funded by grants from the Mexican Campana Nacional Contra Moscas de la Fruta (DGSV-SAGARPA-IICA) to M. Aluja. Additional funds were provided along the way by grants from the Mexican Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT Grant No. 46846-Q [2004-2008]), Mexican Comision para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO Project H-296), and the Sistema de Investigacion Regional del Golfo de Mexico (SIGOLFO-CONACyT, Project 96-01-003-V) to M. Aluja. M. Aluja also acknowledges support from CONACyT through a Sabbatical Year Fellowship (Ref. 79449) and thanks Benno Graf and Jorg Samietz (Forschungsanstalt Agroscope Changins-Wadenswil ACW, Switzerland) for providing ideal conditions to work on this paper. CSC was the recipient of a headquarters postdoctoral fellowship from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS). A postdoctoral fellowship to R-RR was provided by the Instituto de Ecologia A.C. (INECOL, A.C.) Mexico. NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD JUN PY 2012 VL 57 IS 3 BP 427 EP 440 DI 10.1007/s10526-011-9413-3 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 940FZ UT WOS:000303876700008 ER PT J AU Jung, HJG Bernardo, R AF Jung, Hans-Joachim G. Bernardo, Rex TI Comparison of Cell Wall Polysaccharide Hydrolysis by a Dilute Acid/Enzymatic Saccharification Process and Rumen Microorganisms SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Maize stover; Cell wall polysaccharide; Hydrolysis; Conversion; Rumen ID BICOLOR L. MOENCH; CELLULOSIC ETHANOL; LIGNIN COMPOSITION; FORAGE QUALITY; GAS-PRODUCTION; DEGRADABILITY; GRASSES; ALFALFA; DIGESTIBILITY; CONVERSION AB Evaluation of biomass crops for breeding or pricing purposes requires an assay that predicts performance in the bioenergy conversion process. Cell wall polysaccharide hydrolysis was compared for a dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment at 121A degrees C followed with cellulase hydrolysis for 72 h conversion assay (CONV) with in vitro rumen microflora incubation for 72 h (RUMEN) for a set of maize (Zea mays L.) stover samples with a wide range in cell wall composition. Residual polysaccharides from the assays were analyzed for sugar components and extent of hydrolysis calculated. Cell wall polysaccharide hydrolysis was different for all sugar components between the CONV and RUMEN assays. The CONV assay hydrolyzed xylose-, arabinose-, galactose-, and uronic acid-containing polysaccharides to a greater degree than did the RUMEN assay, whereas the RUMEN assay was more effective at hydrolyzing glucose- and mannose-containing polysaccharides. Greater hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and pectins by CONV can be attributed to the acid hydrolysis mechanism of the CONV assay for noncellulosic polysaccharides, whereas the RUMEN assay was dependent on enzymatic hydrolysis. While CONV and RUMEN hydrolysis were correlated for most polysaccharide components, the greatest correlation was only r = 0.70 for glucose-containing polysaccharides. Linear correlations and multiple regressions indicated that polysaccharide hydrolysis by the RUMEN assay was negatively associated with lignin concentration and ferulate ether cross linking as expected. Corresponding correlations and regressions for CONV were less consistent and occasionally positive. Use of rumen microbial hydrolysis to characterize biomass performance in a conversion process may have some limited usefulness for genetic evaluations, but such assays would be unreliable for biomass pricing. C1 [Jung, Hans-Joachim G.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Jung, Hans-Joachim G.; Bernardo, Rex] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Jung, HJG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 411 Borlaug Hall 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM Hans.Jung@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 BP 319 EP 329 DI 10.1007/s12155-011-9131-9 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 934XT UT WOS:000303480800006 ER PT J AU Moser, BR Vaughn, SF AF Moser, Bryan R. Vaughn, Steven F. TI Biodiesel from Corn Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles: Preparation, Evaluation, and Properties SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; Diesel fuel; Distillers' dried grains with solubles; Transesterification ID FATTY ESTERS; METHYL-ESTER; OIL; FEEDSTOCKS; COSTS AB A coproduct of dry-grind ethanol fermentation, corn distillers' dried grains with solubles (DDGS) represents a low-cost feedstock with potential to integrate production of biodiesel and ethanol. Oil extracted from DDGS was converted into distillers' grains methyl (DGME) and ethyl (DGEE) esters. Pretreatment using sulfuric acid was effective at lowering the acid value of the crude oil from 27.15 to less than 0.30 mg KOH g(-1), thus rendering it amenable to homogenous, base-catalyzed transesterification. Measurement of fuel properties and comparison to refined corn oil methyl (RCME) and ethyl (RCEE) esters revealed that the cold flow properties and oxidative stability of DGME and DGEE were deficient relative to RCME and RCEE. In the absence of antioxidants, DGME and DGEE did not meet the oxidative stability specifications of ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. The cetane number of DGEE was below the minimum limit specified in EN 14214. DGEE exhibited more favorable cold flow properties, iodine value, and energy content than DGME. Evaluation of blends (B5 and B20) in petroleum diesel fuel revealed that antioxidants and cetane enhancers would be required to meet the specifications of the US and European diesel fuel standards. Other fuel properties of the petrodiesel blends were largely neutral with respect to alkyl ester type and conformed to the limits specified in the respective standards. C1 [Moser, Bryan R.] USDA ARS, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Vaughn, Steven F.] USDA ARS, Funct Foods Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Moser, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Bryan.Moser@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 BP 439 EP 449 DI 10.1007/s12155-011-9168-9 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 934XT UT WOS:000303480800017 ER PT J AU Stelte, W Clemons, C Holm, JK Ahrenfeldt, J Henriksen, UB Sanadi, AR AF Stelte, Wolfgang Clemons, Craig Holm, Jens K. Ahrenfeldt, Jesper Henriksen, Ulrik B. Sanadi, Anand R. TI Fuel Pellets from Wheat Straw: The Effect of Lignin Glass Transition and Surface Waxes on Pelletizing Properties SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Wheat straw; Pellets; Glass transition; Lignin; Wax ID BIOMASS; BEHAVIOR; PARAMETERS; MODEL; SIZE AB The utilization of wheat straw as a renewable energy resource is limited due to its low bulk density. Pelletizing wheat straw into fuel pellets of high density increases its handling properties but is more challenging compared to pelletizing woody biomass. Straw has a lower lignin content and a high concentration of hydrophobic waxes on its outer surface that may limit the pellet strength. The present work studies the impact of the lignin glass transition on the pelletizing properties of wheat straw. Furthermore, the effect of surface waxes on the pelletizing process and pellet strength are investigated by comparing wheat straw before and after organic solvent extraction. The lignin glass transition temperature for wheat straw and extracted wheat straw is determined by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. At a moisture content of 8%, transitions are identified at 53A degrees C and 63A degrees C, respectively. Pellets are pressed from wheat straw and straw where the waxes have been extracted from. Two pelletizing temperatures were chosen-one below and one above the glass transition temperature of lignin. The pellets compression strength, density, and fracture surface were compared to each other. Pellets pressed at 30A degrees C have a lower density and compression strength and a tendency to expand in length after the pelletizing process compared to pellets pressed at 100A degrees C. At low temperatures, surface extractives have a lubricating effect and reduce the friction in the press channel of a pellet mill while no such effect is observed at elevated temperatures. Fuel pellets made from extracted wheat straw have a slightly higher compression strength which might be explained by a better interparticle adhesion in the absence of hydrophobic surface waxes. C1 [Stelte, Wolfgang; Ahrenfeldt, Jesper; Henriksen, Ulrik B.] Tech Univ Denmark, Biosyst Dept, Riso Natl Lab Sustainable Energy, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Clemons, Craig] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Holm, Jens K.] DONG Energy Power AS, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark. [Sanadi, Anand R.] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. RP Stelte, W (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Biosyst Dept, Riso Natl Lab Sustainable Energy, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM wost@risoe.dtu.dk RI Stelte, Wolfgang/E-5154-2012; Ahrenfeldt, Jesper /B-2579-2012; Sanadi, Anand/C-4420-2015; OI Ahrenfeldt, Jesper /0000-0002-3999-5864; Sanadi, Anand/0000-0002-6382-9225; Stelte, Wolfgang/0000-0003-2424-4010; Henriksen, Ulrik Birk/0000-0003-1838-3962 FU Danish Energy Agency's EFP [ENS-33033-0227]; Vattenfall Nordic A/S; DONG Energy A/S; Danish Energy Agency FX The present study was conducted under the framework of the Danish Energy Agency's EFP project: "Advanced understanding of biomass pelletization" ENS-33033-0227. The authors wish to thank Vattenfall Nordic A/S, DONG Energy A/S and the Danish Energy Agency for project funding. The USDA-Forest Products Laboratory in Madison, Wisconsin is thanked for its hospitality and the provision of laboratory space and equipment for this study. NR 31 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 BP 450 EP 458 DI 10.1007/s12155-011-9169-8 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 934XT UT WOS:000303480800018 ER PT J AU Ma, M Liu, ZL Moon, J AF Ma, Menggen Liu, Z. Lewis Moon, Jaewoong TI Genetic Engineering of Inhibitor-Tolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Improved Xylose Utilization in Ethanol Production SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cellulosic ethanol; Glucose-xylose co-fermentation; Metabolic engineering; Xylose utilization ID EFFICIENT BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION; XYLITOL DEHYDROGENASE; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; CO-FERMENTATION; ISOMERASE; YEAST; REDUCTASE; GLUCOSE; STRAIN; KEY AB For economical lignocellulose-to-ethanol production, a desirable biocatalyst should tolerate inhibitors derived from preteatment of lignocellulose and be able to utilize heterogeneous biomass sugars of hexoses and pentoses. Previously, we developed an inhibitor-tolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain NRRL Y-50049 that is able to in situ detoxify common aldehyde inhibitors such as 2-furaldehyde (furfural) and 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde (HMF). In this study, we genetically engineered Y-50049 to enable and enhance its xylose utilization capability. A codon-optimized xylose isomerase gene for yeast (YXI) was synthesized and introduced into a defined chromosomal locus of Y-50049. Two newly identified xylose transport related genes XUT4 and XUT6, and previously reported xylulokinase gene (XKS1), and xylitol dehydrogenase gene (XYL2) from Scheffersomyces stipitis were also engineered into the yeast resulting in strain NRRL Y-50463. The engineered strain was able to grow on xylose as sole carbon source and a minimum ethanol production of 38.6 g l(-1) was obtained in an anaerobic fermentation on mixed sugars of glucose and xylose in the presence of furfural and HMF. C1 [Ma, Menggen; Liu, Z. Lewis; Moon, Jaewoong] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioenergy Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Liu, ZL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioenergy Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM zlewis.liu@ars.usda.gov FU NIFA National Research Initiative [2006-35504-17359] FX The authors are grateful to Scott Weber for technical assistance and to Michael A. Cotta and Marsha Ebener for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported in part by the NIFA National Research Initiative award project 2006-35504-17359. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 BP 459 EP 469 DI 10.1007/s12155-011-9176-9 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 934XT UT WOS:000303480800019 ER PT J AU Steiner, JJ Lewis, KC Baumes, HS Brown, NL AF Steiner, Jeffrey J. Lewis, Kristin C. Baumes, Harry S. Brown, Nathan L. TI A Feedstock Readiness Level Tool to Complement the Aviation Industry Fuel Readiness Level Tool SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aviation; Biofuel; Feedstocks; Technology; Readiness AB The Feedstock Readiness Level (FSRL) tool was developed by the US Department of Agriculture, US Federal Aviation Administration, and Research and Innovative Technology Administration to describe the steps involved in bringing plant-based feedstocks to market for aviation biofuels production. A candidate feedstock is assigned a FSRL level from 1 through 9, indicating an increasing level of maturity towards commercialization. The FSRL level also communicates the state of development of a feedstock concurrent with its readiness for use with a conversion process. There are four components to the FSRL (production, market, policy, and linkage to conversion process), each with one to four tollgate descriptions per readiness level. The FSRL tool was structured to complement the Fuel Readiness Level (FRL) tool in use by the aviation industry as an internationally recognized communication best practice. Similarly, the FSRL can be used to identify gaps in any feedstock supply chain designed for any biofuel or conversion process that provides a market for feedstocks. This integrated feedstock and conversion technology approach can facilitate a coordinated allocation of resources to effectively plan for and develop a viable aviation biofuels industry. C1 [Steiner, Jeffrey J.] USDA ARS, Off Natl Programs, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lewis, Kristin C.] John A Volpe Natl Transportat Syst Ctr, Res & Innovat Technol Adm, US Dept Transportat, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Baumes, Harry S.] USDA Off Chief Economist, Off Energy Policy & New Uses, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Brown, Nathan L.] Off Environm & Energy, Fed Aviat Adm, US Dept Transportat, Washington, DC 20591 USA. RP Steiner, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Off Natl Programs, 5601 Sunnyside Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jeffrey.steiner@ars.usda.gov; kristin.lewis@dot.gov; hbaumes@oce.usda.gov; nathan.brown@faa.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 BP 492 EP 503 DI 10.1007/s12155-012-9187-1 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 934XT UT WOS:000303480800022 ER PT J AU Ince, PJ Kramp, A Skog, KE AF Ince, Peter J. Kramp, Andrew Skog, Kenneth E. TI Evaluating Economic Impacts of Expanded Global Wood Energy Consumption with the USFPM/GFPM Model SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS-REVUE CANADIENNE D AGROECONOMIE LA English DT Article AB A U.S. forest sector market module was developed within the general Global Forest Products Model. The U.S. module tracks regional timber markets, timber harvests by species group, and timber product outputs in greater detail than does the global model. This hybrid approach provides detailed regional market analysis for the United States although retaining the broader global market analysis. We describe how the U.S. Forest Products Module is structured within the global model and show projections based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios with long-range assumptions about economic activity, population growth, and wood energy demands. Results show that real prices for industrial roundwood would increase as a result of significant global expansion in wood energy demands. Expansion of global wood energy demands would influence the comparative economic advantages of U.S. versus foreign producers, with U.S. producers gaining some comparative advantages and increased net exports in scenarios where average foreign industrial roundwood prices are projected to increase more than in the United States. These results suggest that national wood energy policies should consider how the impacts of wood energy use on domestic forest product markets depend on trends in global forest product markets. C1 [Ince, Peter J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Kramp, Andrew] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Off Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Ince, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM pince@fs.fed.us; akramp@fs.fed.us; kskog@fs.fed.us NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0008-3976 J9 CAN J AGR ECON JI Can. J. Agric. Econ.-Rev. Can. Agroecon. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 60 IS 2 BP 211 EP 237 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7976.2012.01249.x PG 27 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 940RN UT WOS:000303910900006 ER PT J AU Glasser, WG Atalla, RH Blackwell, J Brown, RM Burchard, W French, AD Klemm, DO Nishiyama, Y AF Glasser, Wolfgang G. Atalla, Rajai H. Blackwell, John Brown, R. Malcolm, Jr. Burchard, Walther French, Alfred D. Klemm, Dieter O. Nishiyama, Yoshiharu TI About the structure of cellulose: debating the Lindman hypothesis SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Review DE Cellulose structure; Hydrophobe; Van der Waals forces; Hydrophile; Hydrogen bonds; Amphiphile; Biosynthesis; Rheology; Dynamic molecular modeling ID SELF-ASSEMBLY BEHAVIOR; DER-WAALS FORCES; METAL-COMPLEXES; INITIAL STEP; X-RAY; CRYSTALLIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFRACTION; CALCOFLUOR; FIBERS AB The hypothesis advanced in this issue of CELLULOSE [Springer] by Bjorn Lindman, which asserts that the solubility or insolubility characteristics of cellulose are significantly based upon amphiphilic and hydrophobic molecular interactions, is debated by cellulose scientists with a wide range of experiences representing a variety of scientific disciplines. The hypothesis is based on the consideration of some fundamental polymer physicochemical principles and some widely recognized inconsistencies in behavior. The assertion that little-recognized (or under-estimated) hydrophobic interactions have been the reason for a tardy development of cellulose solvents provides the platform for a debate in the hope that new scientific endeavors are stimulated on this important topic. C1 [Glasser, Wolfgang G.] Virginia Tech, Dept Sustainable Biomat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Atalla, Rajai H.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Blackwell, John] Case Western Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH USA. [Brown, R. Malcolm, Jr.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Burchard, Walther] Univ Freiburg, Inst Macromol Chem, Freiburg, Germany. [French, Alfred D.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. [Klemm, Dieter O.] Univ Jena, Inst Organ & Macromol Chem, Jena, Germany. [Nishiyama, Yoshiharu] CERMAV CNRS, Grenoble, France. RP Glasser, WG (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Sustainable Biomat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM wglasser@vt.edu RI Nishiyama, Yoshiharu/A-3492-2012 OI Nishiyama, Yoshiharu/0000-0003-4069-2307 NR 34 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 11 U2 145 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD JUN PY 2012 VL 19 IS 3 BP 589 EP 598 DI 10.1007/s10570-012-9691-7 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 934QF UT WOS:000303459200002 ER PT J AU Hadziabdic, D Wadl, PA Vito, LM Boggess, SL Scheffler, BE Windham, MT Trigiano, RN AF Hadziabdic, Denita Wadl, Phillip A. Vito, Lisa M. Boggess, Sarah L. Scheffler, Brian E. Windham, Mark T. Trigiano, Robert N. TI Development and characterization of sixteen microsatellite loci for Geosmithia morbida, the causal agent of thousand canker disease in black walnut (Juglans nigra) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Genetic diversity; Pityophthorus juglandis; Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) ID FUNGAL GENOMES; LIBRARIES AB Sixteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were identified from the fungal pathogen Geosmithia morbida. Loci were characterized for 13 different isolates collected in 2010 from symptomatic black walnut trees in Tennessee. A total of 77 loci were tested and 16 of those were optimized, screened and selected for diversity studies of G. morbida. Number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 8. These microsatellite loci will be useful for rapid disease diagnostic, population genetic analyses on a global scale as well as further epidemiological studies of G. morbida. C1 [Hadziabdic, Denita; Wadl, Phillip A.; Vito, Lisa M.; Boggess, Sarah L.; Windham, Mark T.; Trigiano, Robert N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Scheffler, Brian E.] USDA ARS, Genom & Bioinformat Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Hadziabdic, D (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dhadziab@utk.edu OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU United States Department of Agriculture [58-6404-7-213] FX The authors thank the United States Department of Agriculture (Grant number 58-6404-7-213) for financial support. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 4 IS 2 BP 287 EP 289 DI 10.1007/s12686-011-9526-0 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 935QZ UT WOS:000303536400018 ER PT J AU Tian, HQ Chen, GS Zhang, C Liu, ML Sun, G Chappelka, A Ren, W Xu, XF Lu, CQ Pan, SF Chen, H Hui, DF McNulty, S Lockaby, G Vance, E AF Tian, Hanqin Chen, Guangsheng Zhang, Chi Liu, Mingliang Sun, Ge Chappelka, Arthur Ren, Wei Xu, Xiaofeng Lu, Chaoqun Pan, Shufen Chen, Hua Hui, Dafeng McNulty, Steven Lockaby, Graeme Vance, Eric TI Century-Scale Responses of Ecosystem Carbon Storage and Flux to Multiple Environmental Changes in the Southern United States SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE climate change; carbon storage and flux; land use change; Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM); southern United States ID PROGRESSIVE NITROGEN LIMITATION; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LAND-COVER CHANGE; ELEVATED CO2; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY MODEL; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS AB Terrestrial ecosystems in the southern United States (SUS) have experienced a complex set of changes in climate, atmospheric CO2 concentration, tropospheric ozone (O-3), nitrogen (N) deposition, and land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) during the past century. Although each of these factors has received attention for its alterations on ecosystem carbon (C) dynamics, their combined effects and relative contributions are still not well understood. By using the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM) in combination with spatially explicit, longterm historical data series on multiple environmental factors, we examined the century-scale responses of ecosystem C storage and flux to multiple environmental changes in the SUS. The results indicated that multiple environmental changes shifted SUS ecosystems from a C source of 1.20 +/- A 0.56 Pg (1 Pg = 10(15) g) during the period 1895 to 1950, to a C sink of 2.00 +/- A 0.94 Pg during the period 1951 to 2007. Over the entire period spanning 1895-2007, SUS ecosystems were a net C sink of 0.80 +/- A 0.38 Pg. The C sink was primarily due to an increase in the vegetation C pool, whereas the soil C pool decreased during the study period. The spatiotemporal changes of C storage were caused by changes in multiple environmental factors. Among the five factors examined (climate, LULCC, N deposition, atmospheric CO2, and tropospheric O-3), elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration was the largest contributor to C sequestration, followed by N deposition. LULCC, climate, and tropospheric O-3 concentration contributed to C losses during the study period. The SUS ecosystem C sink was largely the result of interactive effects among multiple environmental factors, particularly atmospheric N input and atmospheric CO2.. C1 [Tian, Hanqin; Chen, Guangsheng; Zhang, Chi; Liu, Mingliang; Chappelka, Arthur; Ren, Wei; Xu, Xiaofeng; Lu, Chaoqun; Pan, Shufen; Lockaby, Graeme] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Tian, Hanqin; Chen, Guangsheng; Zhang, Chi; Liu, Mingliang; Chappelka, Arthur; Ren, Wei; Xu, Xiaofeng; Lu, Chaoqun; Pan, Shufen; Lockaby, Graeme] Auburn Univ, Int Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. [Sun, Ge; McNulty, Steven] US Forest Serv, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Chen, Hua] Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog, State Key Lab Desert & Oasis Ecol, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, Peoples R China. [Hui, Dafeng] Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. [Vance, Eric] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement NCASI, Raleigh, NC 27709 USA. RP Tian, HQ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, 602 Duncan Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM tianhan@auburn.edu RI Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012; Liu, Mingliang/B-1361-2009; ye, zhaoxia/E-3594-2015; Xu, Xiaofeng/B-2391-2008; Ren, Wei/G-8317-2016; Ren, Wei/I-4048-2014; OI Tian, Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091; Xu, Xiaofeng/0000-0002-6553-6514; Ren, Wei/0000-0002-4840-4835; Hui, Dafeng/0000-0002-5284-2897 FU US Department of Energy National Institute for Climate Change Research (NICCR) [DUKE-UN-07-SC-NICCR-1014]; NASA [NNX10AU06G]; Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station (AAES); Southern Forest Research Partnership FX This study has been supported by the US Department of Energy National Institute for Climate Change Research (NICCR) Program (DUKE-UN-07-SC-NICCR-1014), NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program (NNX10AU06G), NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station Research Program (AAES), and the Southern Forest Research Partnership. We would also thank Dr. Edward Rastetter and two anonymous reviewers who have provided thoughtful comments and suggestions, which led to a major improvement in the manuscript. NR 81 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JUN PY 2012 VL 15 IS 4 BP 674 EP 694 DI 10.1007/s10021-012-9539-x PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 940DG UT WOS:000303869600013 ER PT J AU Duniway, MC Karl, JW Schrader, S Baquera, N Herrick, JE AF Duniway, Michael C. Karl, Jason W. Schrader, Scott Baquera, Noemi Herrick, Jeffrey E. TI Rangeland and pasture monitoring: an approach to interpretation of high-resolution imagery focused on observer calibration for repeatability SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Image interpretation; Aerial photography; Repeatability; Assessment and monitoring; Large-scale ID AERIAL-PHOTOGRAPHY; GROUND COVER; MANAGEMENT; INVENTORY AB Collection of standardized assessment and monitoring data is critically important for supporting policy and management at local to continental scales. Remote sensing techniques, including image interpretation, have shown promise for collecting plant community composition and ground cover data efficiently. More work needs to be done, however, evaluating whether these techniques are sufficiently feasible, cost-effective, and repeatable to be applied in large programs. The goal of this study was to design and test an image-interpretation approach for collecting plant community composition and ground cover data appropriate for local and continental-scale assessment and monitoring of grassland, shrubland, savanna, and pasture ecosystems. We developed a geographic information system image-interpretation tool that uses points classified by experts to calibrate observers, including point-by-point training and quantitative quality control limits. To test this approach, field data and high-resolution imagery (similar to 3 cm ground sampling distance) were collected concurrently at 54 plots located around the USA. Seven observers with little prior experience used the system to classify 300 points in each plot into ten cover types (grass, shrub, soil, etc.). Good agreement among observers was achieved, with little detectable bias and low variability among observers (coefficient of variation in most plots < 0.5). There was a predictable relationship between field and image-interpreter data (R (2) > 0.9), suggesting regression-based adjustments can be used to relate image and field data. This approach could extend the utility of expensive-to-collect field data by allowing it to serve as a validation data source for data collected via image interpretation. C1 [Duniway, Michael C.; Karl, Jason W.; Schrader, Scott; Baquera, Noemi; Herrick, Jeffrey E.] USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Duniway, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM mduniway@usgs.gov OI Karl, Jason/0000-0002-3326-3806; Duniway, Michael/0000-0002-9643-2785 FU USDA-ARS; USDA-NRCS; National Park Service Lake Mead National Recreation Area and Mojave Desert Network FX This study was supported by the USDA-ARS, USDA-NRCS Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP), and the National Park Service Lake Mead National Recreation Area and Mojave Desert Network. We would like to thank Michelle Mattocks for her assistance with field data collection and expert classifications, the NMSU students and other Jornada staff who contributed to this project, and the assistance we received from our collaborators including Melvin George, Neil McDougald, Paul Garner, George Poole, Chris Roberts, Toshi Yoshida, Jeanne Taylor, Joe Chigbrow, John Wilford, Mark Murdock, Lance Kosberg, Jeff Gonet, Sarah Goslee, Frank Stoltzfus, and Lloyd Rietz. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 184 IS 6 BP 3789 EP 3804 DI 10.1007/s10661-011-2224-2 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 937SR UT WOS:000303679400030 PM 21785839 ER PT J AU Liu, J Wisniewski, M Droby, S Norelli, J Hershkovitz, V Tian, SP Farrell, R AF Liu, Jia Wisniewski, Michael Droby, Samir Norelli, John Hershkovitz, Vera Tian, Shiping Farrell, Robert TI Increase in antioxidant gene transcripts, stress tolerance and biocontrol efficacy of Candida oleophila following sublethal oxidative stress exposure SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antioxidant genes; environmental stress tolerance; postharvest diseases; reactive oxygen species; suppression subtractive hybridization ID DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES; PANTOEA-AGGLOMERANS CPA-2; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; HEAT-SHOCK; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; POSTHARVEST DISEASES; PENICILLIUM-EXPANSUM; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; CRYPTOCOCCUS-LAURENTII; MICROBIAL ANTAGONISTS AB A pretreatment of the yeast, Candida oleophila, with 5 similar to mM H2O2 for 30 similar to min (sublethal) increased yeast tolerance to subsequent lethal levels of oxidative stress (50 similar to mM H2O2), high temperature (40 similar to degrees C), and low pH (pH 4). Compared with non-stress-adapted yeast cells, stress-adapted cells exhibited better control of apple fruit infections by Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea and had initially higher growth rates in apple wounds. Suppression subtractive hybridization analysis was used to identify genes expressed in yeast in response to sublethal oxidative stress. Transcript levels were confirmed using semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Seven antioxidant genes were upregulated. The elevated expression of these genes was associated with less accumulation of reactive oxygen species and a lower level of protein and lipid oxidation under subsequent stresses. These data support the premise that induction of abiotic stress tolerance in biocontrol yeast can improve biocontrol efficacy by upregulation of genes involved in the amelioration of oxidative stress. C1 [Liu, Jia; Wisniewski, Michael; Norelli, John] ARS, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Liu, Jia; Tian, Shiping] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Droby, Samir; Hershkovitz, Vera] Agr Res Org ARO, Volcani Ctr, Bet Dagan, Israel. [Farrell, Robert] Penn State Univ York, Dept Biol, York, PA USA. RP Wisniewski, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM michael.wisniewski@ars.usda.gov FU US-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development (BARD) Fund [IS-4268-09]; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC) [31030051] FX This research was supported by a grant (IS-4268-09) from the US-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development (BARD) Fund to S. D. and M. W., and a grant (31030051) from National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC) to Tian SP. NR 60 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 9 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 80 IS 3 BP 578 EP 590 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01324.x PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 938VQ UT WOS:000303761900006 PM 22313238 ER PT J AU de Dios, VR Goulden, ML Ogle, K Richardson, AD Hollinger, DY Davidson, EA Alday, JG Barron-Gafford, GA Carrara, A Kowalski, AS Oechel, WC Reverter, BR Scott, RL Varner, RK Diaz-Sierra, R Moreno, JM AF Resco de Dios, Victor Goulden, Michael L. Ogle, Kiona Richardson, Andrew D. Hollinger, David Y. Davidson, Eric A. Alday, Josu G. Barron-Gafford, Greg A. Carrara, Arnaud Kowalski, Andrew S. Oechel, Walt C. Reverter, Borja R. Scott, Russell L. Varner, Ruth K. Diaz-Sierra, Ruben Moreno, Jose M. TI Endogenous circadian regulation of carbon dioxide exchange in terrestrial ecosystems SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biosphere-atmosphere interactions; canopy conductance; circadian clock; ecosystem exchange; gas exchange; global change; photosynthesis; source; sink regulation ID STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; SOIL RESPIRATION; GAS-EXCHANGE; CO2 EXCHANGE; LEAF SIZE; FOREST; LIGHT; RHYTHMS; PLANTS; WATER AB It is often assumed that daytime patterns of ecosystem carbon assimilation are mostly driven by direct physiological responses to exogenous environmental cues. Under limited environmental variability, little variation in carbon assimilation should thus be expected unless endogenous plant controls on carbon assimilation, which regulate photosynthesis in time, are active. We evaluated this assumption with eddy flux data, and we selected periods when net ecosystem exchange (NEE) was decoupled from environmental variability in seven sites from highly contrasting biomes across a 74 degrees latitudinal gradient over a total of 36 site-years. Under relatively constant conditions of light, temperature, and other environmental factors, significant diurnal NEE oscillations were observed at six sites, where daily NEE variation was between 20% and 90% of that under variable environmental conditions. These results are consistent with fluctuations driven by the circadian clock and other endogenous processes. Our results open a promising avenue of research for a more complete understanding of ecosystem fluxes that integrates from cellular to ecosystem processes. C1 [Resco de Dios, Victor] Univ Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia. [Resco de Dios, Victor; Moreno, Jose M.] Fdn Gen Medio Ambiente Castilla La Mancha, Ctr Invest Fuego, E-45071 Toledo, Spain. [Goulden, Michael L.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Ogle, Kiona] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Richardson, Andrew D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hollinger, David Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Davidson, Eric A.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Alday, Josu G.] UVa INIA, Sustainable Forest Management Res Inst, E-34004 Palencia, Spain. [Alday, Josu G.] Univ Liverpool, Sch Environm Sci, Appl Vegetat Dynam Lab, Liverpool L69 3GP, Merseyside, England. [Barron-Gafford, Greg A.] Univ Arizona, Earthsci B2, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Barron-Gafford, Greg A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Carrara, Arnaud] Fdn CEAM, E-46980 Valencia, Spain. [Kowalski, Andrew S.; Reverter, Borja R.] Univ Granada, Dept Fis Aplicada, E-18071 Granada, Spain. [Oechel, Walt C.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Scott, Russell L.] ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Varner, Ruth K.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Diaz-Sierra, Ruben] Univ Nacl Educ Distancia, Dept Fis Matemat & Fluidos, E-28080 Madrid, Spain. [Moreno, Jose M.] Univ Castilla La Mancha, Dept Ciencias Ambientales, E-45071 Toledo, Spain. RP de Dios, VR (reprint author), Univ Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia. EM v.rescodedios@uws.edu.au RI Kowalski, Andrew/A-7515-2008; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Davidson, Eric/K-4984-2013; Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Carrara, Arnaud/L-8144-2014; Moreno, JOSE/M-5578-2015; Varner, Ruth/E-5371-2011; Alday, Josu G./F-6175-2010; Resco de Dios, Victor/G-5555-2014 OI DIAZ-SIERRA, RUBEN/0000-0001-9821-8347; Kowalski, Andrew/0000-0001-9777-9708; Davidson, Eric/0000-0002-8525-8697; Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Moreno, JOSE/0000-0002-3729-9523; Varner, Ruth/0000-0002-3571-6629; Alday, Josu G./0000-0001-7510-8655; Resco de Dios, Victor/0000-0002-5721-1656 FU Caja de Guadalajara; MICINN; NASA; DOE; NSF; European Social Fund FX We thank Caja de Guadalajara, MICINN, NASA, DOE, and NSF for funding, J.H. Richards, D. G. Williams, G. F. Midgley, G. L. Vourlitis, E. P. Hamerlynck, R. A. Duursma, D. T. Tissue and J. Flexas and four anonymous referees for comments and K. Savage and R. K. Monson for providing data. We also thank K. Hsu for the SOLO code. V. R. D. was partly funded by the European Social Fund. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1956 EP 1970 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02664.x PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 938WF UT WOS:000303763600016 ER PT J AU Keenan, TF Baker, I Barr, A Ciais, P Davis, K Dietze, M Dragon, D Gough, CM Grant, R Hollinger, D Hufkens, K Poulter, B Mccaughey, H Raczka, B Ryu, Y Schaefer, K Tian, HQ Verbeeck, H Zhao, MS Richardson, AD AF Keenan, T. F. Baker, Ian Barr, Alan Ciais, Philippe Davis, Ken Dietze, Michael Dragon, Danillo Gough, Christopher M. Grant, Robert Hollinger, David Hufkens, Koen Poulter, Ben Mccaughey, Harry Raczka, Brett Ryu, Youngryel Schaefer, Kevin Tian, Hanqin Verbeeck, Hans Zhao, Maosheng Richardson, Andrew D. TI Terrestrial biosphere model performance for inter-annual variability of land-atmosphere CO2 exchange SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biosphere-atmosphere interaction; carbon fluxes; carbon sequestration; interannual variability; process-based models; remote sensing ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; MIXED HARDWOOD FOREST; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; PINE FORESTS; H2O EXCHANGE; DATA FUSION; FLUXES AB Interannual variability in biosphere-atmosphere exchange of CO2 is driven by a diverse range of biotic and abiotic factors. Replicating this variability thus represents the acid test for terrestrial biosphere models. Although such models are commonly used to project responses to both normal and anomalous variability in climate, they are rarely tested explicitly against inter-annual variability in observations. Herein, using standardized data from the North American Carbon Program, we assess the performance of 16 terrestrial biosphere models and 3 remote sensing products against long-term measurements of biosphere-atmosphere CO2 exchange made with eddy-covariance flux towers at 11 forested sites in North America. Instead of focusing on model-data agreement we take a systematic, variability-oriented approach and show that although the models tend to reproduce the mean magnitude of the observed annual flux variability, they fail to reproduce the timing. Large biases in modeled annual means are evident for all models. Observed interannual variability is found to commonly be on the order of magnitude of the mean fluxes. None of the models consistently reproduce observed interannual variability within measurement uncertainty. Underrepresentation of variability in spring phenology, soil thaw and snowpack melting, and difficulties in reproducing the lagged response to extreme climatic events are identified as systematic errors, common to all models included in this study. C1 [Keenan, T. F.; Richardson, Andrew D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Baker, Ian] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Barr, Alan] Atmospher Sci & Technol Directorate, Div Climate Res, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Ciais, Philippe; Poulter, Ben] CE Orme Merisiers, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Davis, Ken] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Dietze, Michael] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Dragon, Danillo] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Gough, Christopher M.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Grant, Robert] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Hollinger, David] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH USA. [Hufkens, Koen] Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Mccaughey, Harry] Queens Univ, Dept Geog, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Raczka, Brett] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Pennsyvannia, NY USA. [Ryu, Youngryel] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn, Seoul 151, South Korea. [Schaefer, Kevin] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tian, Hanqin] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Verbeeck, Hans] Univ Ghent, Plant Ecol Lab, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Zhao, Maosheng] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Keenan, TF (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM tkeenan@oeb.harvard.edu RI Zhao, Maosheng/G-5706-2010; Keenan, Trevor/B-2744-2010; Ryu, Youngryel/C-3072-2008; Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Dietze, Michael/A-5834-2009; Verbeeck, Hans/A-2106-2009; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Barr, Alan/H-9939-2014; OI Poulter, Benjamin/0000-0002-9493-8600; Keenan, Trevor/0000-0002-3347-0258; Ryu, Youngryel/0000-0001-6238-2479; Tian, Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091; Dietze, Michael/0000-0002-2324-2518; Verbeeck, Hans/0000-0003-1490-0168; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Hufkens, Koen/0000-0002-5070-8109; Grant, Robert/0000-0002-8890-6231 FU Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, through the Northeastern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research FX We thank all those involved in the NACP Site Synthesis, in particular the modeling teams, and the AmeriFlux and Fluxnet-Canada Research Network/Canadian Carbon Program PIs who provided the data on which this analysis is based. We also thank the funding agencies that have supported model development and long-term flux measurements. TFK and ADR acknowledge support from Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, through the Northeastern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research. TFK acknowledges Philippe Peylin for useful comments on an earlier draft. NR 80 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 4 U2 141 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1971 EP 1987 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02678.x PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 938WF UT WOS:000303763600017 ER PT J AU Diffenderfer, MR Brousseau, ME Millar, JS Barrett, PHR Nartsupha, C Schaefer, PM Wolfe, ML Dolnikowski, GG Rader, DJ Schaefer, EJ AF Diffenderfer, Margaret R. Brousseau, Margaret E. Millar, John S. Barrett, P. Hugh R. Nartsupha, Chorthip Schaefer, Peter M. Wolfe, Megan L. Dolnikowski, Gregory G. Rader, Daniel J. Schaefer, Ernst J. TI Effects of CETP inhibition on triglyceride-rich lipoprotein composition and apoB-48 metabolism SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cholesteryl ester transfer protein; apolipoprotein; lipoprotein kinetics; postprandial metabolism; torcetrapib ID ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN; APO-A-I; B-CONTAINING LIPOPROTEINS; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; IIB HYPERLIPIDEMIA; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; LOW-DENSITY; POSTPRANDIAL STATE; HDL-CHOLESTEROL; BLOOD-PRESSURE AB Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) facilitates the transfer of HDL cholesteryl ester to triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL). This study aimed to determine the effects of CETP inhibition with torcetrapib on TRL composition and apoB-48 metabolism. Study subjects with low HDL cholesterol (<40 mg/dl), either untreated (n = 9) or receiving atorvastatin 20 mg daily (n = 9), received placebo for 4 weeks, followed by torcetrapib 120 mg once daily for the next 4 weeks. A subset of the subjects not treated with atorvastatin participated in a third phase (n = 6), in which they received torcetrapib 120 mg twice daily for an additional 4 weeks. At the end of each phase, all subjects received a primed-constant infusion of [5,5,5-H-2(3)] L-leucine, while in the constantly fed state, to determine the kinetics of TRL apoB-48 and TRL composition. Relative to placebo, torcetrapib markedly reduced TRL CE levels in all groups (>=-69%; P < 0.005). ApoB-48 pool size (PS) and production rate (PR) decreased in the nonatorvastatin once daily (PS: -49%, P = 0.007; PR: -49%, P = 0.005) and twice daily (PS: -30%, P = 0.01; PR: -27%, P = 0.13) cohorts. In the atorvastatin cohort, apoB-48 PS and PR, which were already lowered by atorvastatin, did not change with torcetrapib. Our findings indicate that CETP inhibition reduced plasma apoB-48 concentrations by reducing apoB-48 production but did not have this effect in subjects already treated with atorvastatin.-Diffenderfer, M. R., M. E. Brousseau, J. S. Millar, P. H. R. Barrett, C. Nartsupha, P. M. Schaefer, M. L. Wolfe, G. G. Dolnikowski, D. J. Rader, and E. J. Schaefer. Effects of CETP inhibition on triglyceride-rich lipoprotein composition and apoB-48 metabolism. J. Lipid Res. 2012. 53: 1190-1199. C1 [Diffenderfer, Margaret R.; Brousseau, Margaret E.; Nartsupha, Chorthip; Schaefer, Peter M.; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dolnikowski, Gregory G.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mass Spectrometry Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Millar, John S.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Inst Translat Med & Therapeut, Dept Pharmacol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Wolfe, Megan L.; Rader, Daniel J.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Inst Translat Med & Therapeut, Dept Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Barrett, P. Hugh R.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Med, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Barrett, P. Hugh R.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Pharmacol, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Barrett, P. Hugh R.] Univ Western Australia, Fac Engn Comp & Math, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. RP Schaefer, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ernst.schaefer@tufts.edu RI Barrett, Hugh/B-2745-2011; OI Barrett, Peter Hugh/0000-0003-3223-6125 FU Department of Clinical Research, Medicinal Products Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, CT; US Department of Agriculture Research Service [53-3K-06]; National Institutes of Health [P50 HL083813-01]; Public Health Services from the National Institutes of Health [M01-RR00040]; National Center for Research Resources [UL-1RR024134]; General Clinical Research Center of Tufts Medical Center; General Clinical Research Center of the University of Pennsylvania FX This work was supported by the Department of Clinical Research, Medicinal Products Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, CT. Additional support was provided by US Department of Agriculture Research Service Contract 53-3K-06 (E.J.S.), by Project Grant P50 HL083813-01 from the National Institutes of Health (E.J.S.), by Public Health Services Research Grant M01-RR00040 from the National Institutes of Health (D.J.R.), and by Grant UL-1RR024134 from the National Center for Research Resources (D.J.R.). The contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US Department of Agriculture or the National Institutes of Health. Support for the clinical studies was provided by the General Clinical Research Center of Tufts Medical Center and the General Clinical Research Center of the University of Pennsylvania. P.H.R.B. is a fellow of the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1190 EP 1199 DI 10.1194/jlr.M019570 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 940SK UT WOS:000303913200016 PM 22474066 ER PT J AU Arthur, FH AF Arthur, Frank H. TI Lethal and sub-lethal effects from short-term exposure of Rhyzopertha dominica on wheat treated with Storicide II (R) SO JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rhyzopertha dominica; Insecticides; Chlorpyrifos-methyl; Deltamethrin ID PLUS CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL; 3 MOISTURE CONTENTS; BIOLOGICAL EFFICACY; DIATOMACEOUS-EARTH; STORED WHEAT; COLEOPTERA; MAIZE; BOSTRICHIDAE; DEGRADATION; METHOPRENE AB Hard red winter wheat was treated at 0 (untreated control), 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the label rate of the insecticide Storicide II , which is chlorpyrifos-methyl and deltamethrin applied at label rates of 3 and 0.5 ppm, respectively. Paired male and female F., the lesser grain borer, were exposed at 27A degrees C and 60% RH on wheat treated at each of the five rates above for 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 h, and then transferred to untreated wheat and held for 1 week at the same environmental conditions. After this 1-week holding period, the parental adults were removed, mortality was assessed, and the wheat was then held for 7 weeks at the same environmental conditions to determine progeny production. As the concentration and exposure interval increased, mortality of both sexes approached 100%, but at the intermediate concentration-time combinations male mortality was greater than female mortality. Progeny production also decreased with increasing concentration of Storicide IIA (R) as the exposure time increased, with non-linear patterns of decrease at the lower concentrations and time combinations and linear decline at the higher levels of concentration and time. Results seem to indicate greater susceptibility of males to Storicide IIA (R), and also show delayed parental mortality from the insecticide exposure and sub-lethal effects of reduced progeny production. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM frank.arthur@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1612-4758 J9 J PEST SCI JI J. Pest Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 85 IS 2 BP 261 EP 265 DI 10.1007/s10340-011-0396-8 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 940JW UT WOS:000303886800011 ER PT J AU Arthur, FH Fontenot, EA AF Arthur, Frank H. Fontenot, Emily A. TI Food source provisioning and susceptibility of immature and adult Tribolium castaneum on concrete partially treated with chlorfenapyr (Phantom((R))) SO JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Tribolium castaneum; Red flour beetle; Contact insecticides; Chlorfenapyr ID CONFUSUM COLEOPTERA; EFFICACY; TENEBRIONIDAE; THIAMETHOXAM; INSECTICIDES; FUMIGATION; CYFLUTHRIN; PATTERNS; BEETLE AB A series of experiments were conducted in which adults, pupae, and 4-week-old larvae of (Herbst), the red flour beetle, were exposed separately on concrete arenas partially treated (14.4% of the total area) with the insecticide chlorfenapyr (Phantom(A (R))) at 1.1 g of active ingredient/m(2). A flour food source (patch) was also provided in the untreated portions of the arenas. In the first trial, adult mortality averaged 60.0 +/- A 10.6%, but progeny production occurred in the provided food patches. Pupal mortality was only 8.3 +/- A 3.1%, indicating that when adult emergence occurred, those adults were able to escape exposure, and there was no difference in progeny production from that in untreated controls ( = 0.27). In the second trial, few larvae exposed in choice and no-choice arenas were able to emerge as normal adults. In a final trial, residual efficacy declined during a 3-week period, with larvae being more susceptible than adults. Results show mobility of life stage may be a determining factor when assessing susceptibility of to contact insecticides. C1 [Arthur, Frank H.; Fontenot, Emily A.] USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM frank.arthur@ars.usda.gov FU BASF Corporation FX The authors thank BASF Corporation for product samples and financial assistance for the study. We also thank B. D. Barnett for technical assistance with this research. We also thank D. Suiter for reviewing a draft of this paper prior to journal submission. This paper reports the results of research only. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1612-4758 J9 J PEST SCI JI J. Pest Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 85 IS 2 BP 277 EP 282 DI 10.1007/s10340-011-0380-3 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 940JW UT WOS:000303886800013 ER PT J AU Hall, WA Johnston, MV AF Hall, Wiley A. Johnston, Murray V. TI Oligomer Formation Pathways in Secondary Organic Aerosol from MS and MS/MS Measurements with High Mass Accuracy and Resolving Power SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE Secondary organic aerosol; High resolution mass spectrometry; ESI-FTICR-MS; Oligomerization; IRMPD ID ALPHA-PINENE; OZONOLYSIS; GROWTH; O-3; SPECTROMETRY; MONOTERPENES; RESOLUTION; PEROXIDES; CHEMISTRY AB Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is formed when organic molecules react with oxidants in the gas phase to form particulate matter. Recent measurements have shown that more than half of the mass of laboratory-generated SOA consists of high molecular weight oligomeric compounds. In this work, the formation mechanisms of oligomers produced in the laboratory by ozonolysis of alpha-pinene, an important SOA precursor in ambient air, are studied by MS and MS/MS measurements with high accuracy and resolving power to characterize monomer building blocks and the reactions that couple them together. The distribution of oligomers in an SOA sample is complex, typically yielding over 1000 elemental formulas that can be assigned from an electrospray ionization mass spectrum. Despite this complexity, MS/MS spectra can be found that give strong evidence for specific oligomer formation pathways that have been postulated but not confirmed. These include aldol and gem-diol reactions of carbonyls as well as peroxyhemiacetal formation from hydroperoxides. The strongest evidence for carbonyl reactions is in the formation of hydrated products. Less compelling evidence is found for dehydrated products and secondary ozonide formation. The number of times that a monomer building block is observed as a fragmentation product in the MS/MS spectra is shown to be independent of the monomer vapor pressure, suggesting that oligomer formation is not driven by equilibrium partitioning of a monomer between the gas and particle phases, but rather by reactive uptake where a monomer collides with the particle surface and rapidly forms an oligomer. C1 [Johnston, Murray V.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Hall, Wiley A.] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Ctr, Parlier, CA USA. RP Johnston, MV (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM mvj@udel.edu FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0808972] FX The authors acknowledge support for this research by the National Science Foundation under grant number CHE-0808972. NR 27 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 66 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1044-0305 EI 1879-1123 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1097 EP 1108 DI 10.1007/s13361-012-0362-6 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 937UX UT WOS:000303685800013 PM 22476934 ER PT J AU Rogers, EE AF Rogers, Elizabeth E. TI Evaluation of Arabidopsis thaliana as a Model Host for Xylella fastidiosa SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID VITIS-VINIFERA GRAPEVINES; PIERCES-DISEASE; NICOTIANA-TABACUM; PLANT-PATHOGENS; RESISTANCE; COLONIZATION; RESPONSES; DEFENSE; IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIA AB The bacterium Xylella fastidiosa causes a number of plant diseases of significant economic impact. To date, progress determining mechanisms of host-plant susceptibility, tolerance, or resistance has been slow, due in large part to the long generation time and limited available genetic resources for grape, almond, and other known hosts of X. fastidiosa. To overcome many of these limitations, Arabidopsis thaliana has been evaluated as a host for X. fastidiosa. A pin-prick inoculation method has been developed to infect Arabidopsis with X. fastidiosa. Following infection, X. fastidiosa multiplies and can be detected by microscopy, polymerase chain reaction, and isolation. The ecotypes Van-0, LL-0, and Tsu-1 all allow more growth of strain X. fastidiosa Temecula than the reference ecotype Col-0. Affymetrix ATH1 microarray analysis of inoculated vs. noninoculated Tsu-1 reveals gene expression changes that differ greatly from changes seen after infection with apoplast-colonizing bacteria such as Psuedomonas syringae pvs. tomato or syringae. Many genes responsive to oxidative stress are differentially regulated, while classic pathogenesis-related genes are not induced by X. fastidiosa infection. C1 ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Rogers, EE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Unit, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM elizabeth.rogers@ars.usda.gov RI Rogers, Elizabeth/D-2087-2009 OI Rogers, Elizabeth/0000-0002-0545-4744 NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 25 IS 6 BP 747 EP 754 DI 10.1094/MPMI-11-10-0270 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 937LP UT WOS:000303660300003 PM 22397407 ER PT J AU Kumar, B Azhahianambi, P Ray, DD Chaudhuri, P de la Fuente, J Kumar, R Ghosh, S AF Kumar, B. Azhahianambi, P. Ray, D. D. Chaudhuri, P. de la Fuente, J. Kumar, R. Ghosh, S. TI Comparative efficacy of rHaa86 and rBm86 against Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus SO PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum; rBm86; rHaa86; Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus; vaccine ID BM86 ANTIGEN; VACCINE; INFESTATIONS; CATTLE; TICKS AB Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus are the most economically important tick species in India and other tropical and subtropical regions of the world and transmit pathogens causing animal and human diseases. We demonstrated that vaccination of animal by rHaa86 could be used for the control of both H.a.anatolicum and R.(B.)microplus infestations. By comparing the efficacy of rHaa86 and rBm86, it was observed that vaccine based on rHaa86 will be more effective in controlling homologous challenge infestations (68.7% against larvae and 45.8% against adults). The results of this trial demonstrated that species-specific antigens are the better choice for vaccine development and could serve as an effective tool for the integrated control of H.a.anatolicum. C1 [Kumar, B.; Ray, D. D.; Kumar, R.; Ghosh, S.] Indian Vet Res Inst, Entomol Lab, Div Parasitol, Izatnagar 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Azhahianambi, P.] Univ Maryland, Texas Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA. [Azhahianambi, P.] USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX USA. [Chaudhuri, P.] Indian Vet Res Inst, Div Bacteriol & Mycol, Izatnagar 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India. [de la Fuente, J.] CSIC UCLM JCCM, Inst Invest Recursos Cineget IREC, Ciudad Real, Spain. [de la Fuente, J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Ghosh, S (reprint author), Indian Vet Res Inst, Entomol Lab, Div Parasitol, Izatnagar 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India. EM sghoshp@yahoo.co.in RI Palavesam, Azhahianambi/K-7606-2015 OI Palavesam, Azhahianambi/0000-0002-7108-6767 FU European Union [510561]; Indian Veterinary Research Institute FX The work has been facilitated through the International Consortium on Ticks and Tick borne Diseases (ICT-TD3), financed by the International Cooperation Programme of the European Union through Coordination Action Project No. 510561. This work was financially supported by Indian Veterinary Research Institute. We thank Mr. Laxmi Lal and Naresh Kumar for support in experimentation. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0141-9838 J9 PARASITE IMMUNOL JI Parasite Immunol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 34 IS 6 BP 297 EP 301 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2012.01356.x PG 5 WC Immunology; Parasitology SC Immunology; Parasitology GA 940TR UT WOS:000303916500001 PM 22313386 ER PT J AU Grunwald, NJ Werres, S Goss, EM Taylor, CR Fieland, VJ AF Gruenwald, N. J. Werres, S. Goss, E. M. Taylor, C. R. Fieland, V. J. TI Phytophthora obscura sp nov., a new species of the novel Phytophthora subclade 8d SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aesculus hippocastanum; Kalmia latifolia; oomycete; Pieris; Rhododendron; taxonomy ID SUDDEN OAK DEATH; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; CLONAL LINEAGES; RAMORUM BLIGHT; PATHOGEN; CALIFORNIA; OREGON; TREES; PSEUDOSYRINGAE; RHODODENDRON AB A new Phytophthora species was detected (i) in the USA, infecting foliage of Kalmia latifolia, (ii) in substrate underneath Pieris, and (iii) in Germany in soil samples underneath Aesculus hippocastanum showing disease symptoms. The new species Phytophthora obscura sp. nov. is formally named based on phylogenetic analysis, host range, Kochs postulates and morphology. Phytophthora obscura is homothallic with paragynous antheridia and semipapillate sporangia. It is genetically closely related to P.similar to syringae and P. austrocedrae and together these three species define a new Phytophthora subclade 8d, with significant support for all genetic loci analysed including seven nuclear genes and the mitochondrial gene coxII. The morphological and ecological characteristics are very similar to P.similar to syringae, and it is likely that P.similar to obscura was not described earlier because it was identified as P.similar to syringae. Artificial inoculations indicated that horse chestnut, kalmia, pieris and rhododendron might be hosts, and Kochs postulates were confirmed for kalmia from which it was isolated. This pathogen was named after its elusive nature since it has to date rarely been detected in the US and Germany. C1 [Gruenwald, N. J.; Goss, E. M.] USDA ARS, HCRL, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Werres, S.] Inst Plant Protect Hort & Forests, Julius Kuhn Inst, Fed Res Ctr Cultivated Plants JKI, D-38104 Braunschweig, Germany. [Taylor, C. R.; Fieland, V. J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Grunwald, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, HCRL, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM Nik.Grunwald@ars.usda.gov RI Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013; Goss, Erica/H-7020-2014 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) [CRIS 5358-22000-034-00]; USDA ARS; USDA Floriculture Nursery Initiative FX We would like to thank Paul Tooley, Lani Yakabe and Everett Hansen for providing isolates. We would also like to thank Meg Larsen, Karan Fairchild, Caroline Press, Henrike Gottfried and Julia Hauffe for excellent technical assistance. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. Financial support was provided by United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) CRIS 5358-22000-034-00, the USDA ARS North-West Nursery Research Program and the USDA Floriculture Nursery Initiative. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 61 IS 3 BP 610 EP 622 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2011.02538.x PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 939GJ UT WOS:000303796900018 ER PT J AU McDonald, H McCulloch, M Caporaso, F Winborne, I Oubichon, M Rakovski, C Prakash, A AF McDonald, Heather McCulloch, Mary Caporaso, Fred Winborne, Ian Oubichon, Michon Rakovski, Cyril Prakash, Anuradha TI Commercial scale irradiation for insect disinfestation preserves peach quality SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Irradiation; Phytosanitary; Peaches; Commercial; Sensory ID QUARANTINE TREATMENT; GAMMA-RADIATION; STONE FRUITS AB Irradiation is approved as a generic quarantine treatment by the US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Due to the effectiveness of irradiation in controlling insects on commodities, there is a growing need to understand the effects of low dose irradiation on fruit quality. The goal of this study was to determine the sensitivity of peaches (Prunus persica) to irradiation, and secondly, to determine the effect of commercial scale treatment on shelf-life, overall quality and consumer liking. Six varieties of peaches were irradiated in small batches at 0.29, 0.49, 0.69 and 0.90 kGy to observe the sensitivity of peaches at different dose levels. Changes in quality were evaluated by 8 trained panelists using descriptive analysis. Sensory characteristics (color, smoothness, aroma, touch firmness, mouth firmness, graininess, overall flavor and off-flavor) were evaluated at 2-4 day intervals and untreated samples served as control. To simulate commercial treatment, peaches were irradiated in pallet quantities at a target dose level of 0.4 kGy. The average absorbed dose was 0.66 kGy with an average dose uniformity ratio of 1.57. Commercially treated peaches were evaluated by 40-80 untrained consumers for acceptability routinely throughout the shelf life. Titratable acidity, Brix, texture and weight loss were also monitored for both commercial and small scale irradiated peaches. There was no dose effect on TA. Brix and weight loss due to irradiation. Peaches irradiated at 0.69 and 0.90 kGy were darker in flesh color, more juicy and less firm as determined by the trained panel and analytical pressure tests. Commercial scale irradiation did not adversely affect shelf life but was seen to enhance ripening. This, however, was perceived as a positive change by consumers. Overall, consumers rated the acceptability of irradiated peaches higher than untreated peaches. Statistical analysis was performed using linear mixed models to find determinates of irradiation on peaches. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McDonald, Heather; McCulloch, Mary; Caporaso, Fred; Rakovski, Cyril; Prakash, Anuradha] Chapman Univ, Orange, CA 92866 USA. [Winborne, Ian; Oubichon, Michon] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Plant Hlth Programs, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Prakash, A (reprint author), Chapman Univ, 1 Univ Dr, Orange, CA 92866 USA. EM prakash@chapman.edu FU TASC from USDA-FAS FX The project was funded by a TASC Grant from USDA-FAS. The authors wish to thank Titan Farms and Lane Southern Orchards for the peaches, the Peach Council of Georgia and South Carolina and FTSI, Mulberry FL, for the irradiation treatment. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 81 IS 6 BP 697 EP 704 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2012.01.018 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 939DT UT WOS:000303788300019 ER PT J AU Perez, HE Hill, LM Walters, C AF Perez, Hector E. Hill, Lisa M. Walters, Christina TI An analysis of embryo development in palm: interactions between dry matter accumulation and water relations in Pritchardia remota (Arecaceae) SO SEED SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE desiccation tolerance; embryogenesis; intermediate; mechanical stress; Pritchardia remota; recalcitrant; seed development; tropical oils ID SEED DESICCATION SENSITIVITY; DATE PALM; OLIGOSACCHARIDE CONTENT; AESCULUS-HIPPOCASTANUM; INTERMEDIATE CATEGORY; RECALCITRANT SEEDS; STORAGE PHYSIOLOGY; IN-VITRO; TOLERANCE; ACQUISITION AB Assessments of seed storage physiology among Arecaceae (palm) species are often inconclusive because seeds exhibit diverse responses to low temperature and moisture conditions. Interrelationships between dry matter accumulation, cell structure and water relations during seed development of the endangered Hawaiian endemic palm, Pritchardia remota, suggest that damage from drying results from mechanical strain. Endosperm and fruits accumulate dry mass through most of the 400 d gestation period, but embryos reached maximum dry mass about 250 d post-anthesis (DPA). Mostly sucrose and some triacylglycerols accumulated in the cytoplasm and vacuoles of embryo cells, and organelles in mature embryo cells de-differentiated. Water content and water potential decreased as embryos matured and embryos contained about 0.45 g H2O(g dry mass)(-1) (-26 MPa) at shedding. Mature embryos survived drying to 0.16 g g(-1) (-49 MPa), but further drying was lethal. A model of allowable cell shrinkage is consistent with the substantial, but incomplete, desiccation tolerance acquired in P. remota embryos, and provides a new framework to explain variation in critical water contents as embryos develop. We suggest that desiccation tolerance, which distinguishes recalcitrant and orthodox physiologies C1 [Perez, Hector E.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Trop Plant & Soil Sci Dept, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hill, Lisa M.; Walters, Christina] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Perez, HE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, Plant Restorat & Conservat Hort Res Consortium, 103 Mehrhof Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM heperez@ufl.edu FU National Science Foundation [K-12]; University of Hawaii; University of Florida - Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences FX We thank T. Carvalho, M. Chow, B. Schutzman, J. Waddell, D. Woodside and A. Yoshinaga for technical and logistical assistance. R. Criley, C. Baskin, D. Drake, M. Maunder, K. Kobayashi, A. Powell and anonymous reviewers who provided constructive comments. Financial support was provided to H.E.P. from the National Science Foundation Grades K-12 Teaching Fellowship; Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology Interdisciplinary Specialization at the University of Hawaii; and University of Florida - Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Innovative Projects Initiative. NR 67 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 21 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0960-2585 J9 SEED SCI RES JI Seed Sci. Res. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 22 IS 2 BP 97 EP 111 DI 10.1017/S0960258511000523 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 939PL UT WOS:000303824600003 ER PT J AU Strickland, TC Potter, TL Truman, CC Franklin, DH Bosch, DD Hawkins, GL AF Strickland, Timothy C. Potter, Thomas L. Truman, Clinton C. Franklin, Dorcas H. Bosch, David D. Hawkins, Gary L. TI Results of rainfall simulation to estimate sediment-bound carbon and nitrogen loss from an Atlantic Coastal Plain (USA) ultisol SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sediment carbon enrichment; Sediment nitrogen enrichment; Selective erosion ID WATER EROSION PROCESSES; NO-TILLAGE SOILS; ORGANIC-CARBON; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; VARIABLE RAINFALL; STORM RAINFALL; COTTON FURROWS; COVER CROPS; RUNOFF; STABILIZATION AB Assessment of erosion impact on soil carbon and nitrogen loss and redistribution within landscapes is needed to develop estimates of soil carbon sequestration potential, soil quality management plans, and to evaluate potential for transport of sediment bound agrochemicals. We used variable intensity rainfall simulations to quantify the effects of tillage, conventional and strip, and antecedent soil water content on sediment-bound carbon and nitrogen loss from a Tifton loamy sand located in the southeastern Atlantic Coastal Plain (USA). Carbon and nitrogen loss via erosion of silt + clay sized versus sand sized sediment particles were quantified. Antecedent water content had no effect on mean sediment loss within tillage treatments, but losses from conventional till treatments were significantly greater than from strip till. Sediment lost as silt + clay was from 58 to 78% of the total under conventional and from 30 to 39% under strip tillage. The fraction of sediment lost as silt + clay versus sand was greater under conventional tillage than under strip tillage. Within-event sediment carbon enrichment compared to the top 2 cm of soil was 0.9-7.2 for conventional and 0.6-3.7 for strip tillage. The strip till silt + clay fraction had significantly higher carbon content than the strip till sand fraction and the conventional till silt + clay fraction. Carbon loss from treatments was directly proportional to sediment loss. However, the conventional till treatments lost 4.6-6 times more carbon from the silt + clay sized fraction and 1.9-4.8 times more carbon from the sand sized fraction than strip till treatments. Results suggest that the higher proportion of silt + clay fraction sediment loss from conventional till may deplete nitrogen enriched organic matter while decreased erosion from strip till may serve to increase retention of organic nitrogen. Findings also indicate that an approach that adjusts loss estimates of organic carbon and nitrogen by using wet-sieved subsamples for analysis followed by standardization against total bulk sediment loss accounts for introduced errors from both sub-sampling efficiency and disturbance. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Strickland, Timothy C.; Potter, Thomas L.; Truman, Clinton C.; Bosch, David D.] ARS, USDA, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. [Franklin, Dorcas H.] ARS, USDA, Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Hawkins, Gary L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Strickland, TC (reprint author), POB 748, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM Tim.Strickland@ars.usda.gov OI Strickland, Timothy/0000-0001-6889-503X FU USDA-Agricultural research service; Georgia Commodity Commissions for Cotton and Peanut FX Research was supported by the USDA-Agricultural research service and by grants from the Georgia Commodity Commissions for Cotton and Peanut. The authors are grateful for technical assistance from Sally Belflower, Ricky Fletcher, Lorine Lewis, Laura Marshall, Margie Whittle, Chase Crawford, Clay Lott, Bryant Luke, and Anthony O'Day. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 122 BP 12 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.still.2012.02.004 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 940QT UT WOS:000303908800002 ER PT J AU Lang, M McDonough, O McCarty, G Oesterling, R Wilen, B AF Lang, Megan McDonough, Owen McCarty, Greg Oesterling, Robert Wilen, Bill TI Enhanced Detection of Wetland-Stream Connectivity Using LiDAR SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Digital elevation model; National hydrography dataset; Significant nexus; Stream mapping ID UNITED-STATES; HEADWATER STREAMS; NETWORKS; EXTENT; WATER; AREA; US AB The spatial relationship between wetlands and streams influences their structure and function, and is currently tied to the regulatory status of wetlands. Efforts have been made to assess connectivity between wetlands and streams and possible management implications by comparing existing wetland and stream maps (e.g., National Hydrography Dataset [NHD]) but the reliability of these assessments is affected by the accuracy and inherent nature of input datasets. Stream datasets derived using semi-automated and automated interpretation of LiDAR derived digital elevation models were found to be considerably more accurate than NHD High Resolution (12% less accurate than automatically generated streams) and Plus (29% less accurate than automatically generated streams) and in general use of LiDAR derived datasets was found to significantly increase percent area and total number of wetlands that were considered connected at multiple buffer lengths ranging from 0 to 80 m. When wetland-stream connectivity as judged using NHD was compared to a semi-automatically generated highly accurate LiDAR derived stream dataset, the High Resolution NHD was found to underestimate semi-natural palustrine wetland area connected by 15% and number of wetlands connected by 13% on average while NHD Plus was found to underestimate semi-natural palustrine wetland area and number connected by 27% on average. C1 [Lang, Megan] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [McDonough, Owen] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [McCarty, Greg] USDA ARS, Remote Sensing & Hydrol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Oesterling, Robert] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wilen, Bill] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Lang, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 007,Rm 104, Beltsville, MD USA. EM mwlang@fs.fed.us FU Wetlands Component of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service FX This research was supported by the Wetlands Component of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Conservation Effects Assessment Project. Thanks goes to Steve Strano, William Effland, Jeanne Christie, and Stephen Samuels for reviewing an initial draft of this article and to Andrew Russ for geospatial technical support. All trade names are included for the benefit of the reader and do not imply an endorsement of or preference for the product listed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 35 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2012 VL 32 IS 3 BP 461 EP 473 DI 10.1007/s13157-012-0279-7 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 940IV UT WOS:000303884100006 ER PT J AU Hurley, BP Hatting, HJ Wingfield, MJ Klepzig, KD Slippers, B AF Hurley, B. P. Hatting, H. J. Wingfield, M. J. Klepzig, K. D. Slippers, B. TI The influence of Amylostereum areolatum diversity and competitive interactions on the fitness of the Sirex parasitic nematode Deladenus siricidicola SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Amylostereum areolatum; Sirex noctilio; Deladenus siricidicola; Sapstain fungi; Biological control; Competition ID NOCTILIO FABRICIUS HYMENOPTERA; SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; AFRICA; WOODWASPS; NEOTYLENCHIDAE; GROWTH; WATER; FUNGI; ASSOCIATION AB The Sirex noctilio (woodwasp)-Amylostereum areolatum (fungus) complex has caused substantial losses to pine industries in its introduced range. The nematode Deladenus siricidicola that parasitizes S. noctilio and feeds on A. areolatum is widely used as a biological control agent for S. noctilio, but not with consistent success. This variable success could be due to factors that influence the feeding and reproductive ability of the nematode on A. areolatum. We test two main hypotheses that emerge from this prediction. First, we compared the survival of D. siricidicola on the South African field strain and the Australian laboratory strain of A. areolatum, to examine a possible incompatibility between nematode and fungal strain. Second, we examined the competitive interactions of these two A. areolatum strains with two common sapstain fungi, Diplodia pinea and Ophiostoma ips, that occur in S. noctilio infested trees in South Africa. The effect of water potential on the outcome of these fungal interactions was also considered. The data showed that D. siricidicola survives at comparable levels on the two A. areolatum strains. Water potential of the media significantly influenced growth of the fungi and their ability to capture host resource in competitive interactions. D. pinea competed increasingly better against A. areolatum with decreasing water potential. The results suggest that competitive interactions between A. areolatum and sapstain fungi could negatively influence the success of D. siricidicola, especially under conditions of lowered water potential. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hurley, B. P.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Hurley, B. P.; Hatting, H. J.; Wingfield, M. J.; Slippers, B.] Univ Pretoria, FABI, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Klepzig, K. D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Slippers, B.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Genet, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. RP Hurley, BP (reprint author), FABI, Private Bag X20, ZA-0028 Pretoria, South Africa. EM brett.hurley@fabi.up.ac.za; hardus.hatting@fabi.up.ac.za; mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za; kklepzig@fs.fed.us; bernard.slippers@fabi.up.ac.za RI Slippers, Bernard/A-9351-2008; Wingfield, Michael/A-9473-2008; Hurley, Brett/A-2168-2009 OI Slippers, Bernard/0000-0003-1491-3858; Hurley, Brett/0000-0002-8702-5547 FU USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Forestry South Africa (FSA); Department of Water Affairs and Forestry; University of Pretoria; THRIP initiative of the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), South Africa FX We thank Wilhelm de Beer (FABI, South Africa) for his assistance in isolating O. ips, Tuan Duong (FABI, South Africa) for confirming the identification of the O. ips isolate based on DNA sequence comparisons, and Wubetu Bihon (FABI, South Africa) for providing the isolate of D. pinea, also identified using DNA sequences. We also thank Hardus Hatting (FABI, South Africa) for his assistance with rearing laboratory cultures of D. siricidicola. The USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Forestry South Africa (FSA), the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, the University of Pretoria and the THRIP initiative of the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), South Africa, provided financial support for this study. NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2012 VL 61 IS 3 BP 207 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2012.02.006 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 934BP UT WOS:000303415400004 ER PT J AU Al-Dobai, S Reitz, S Sivinski, J AF Al-Dobai, Shoki Reitz, Stuart Sivinski, John TI Tachinidae (Diptera) associated with flowering plants: Estimating floral attractiveness SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Parasitoid; Biological control; Conservation; Lepidoptera; Coleoptera; Floral morphology; Pollination ID HYMENOPTERA-ICHNEUMONIDAE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA; PEST LEPIDOPTERA; NATURAL ENEMIES; MORPHOLOGY; SYRPHIDAE; LONGEVITY; HABITAT; APHIDS AB Non-agricultural flowering plants in agricultural settings provide ecological services, such as nectar-food for adult parasitic flies. In order to determine the attractiveness of flowers to Tachinidae, 12 species of cultivated, introduced/established and native potted plants-in-flower were individually placed beneath interception traps erected along the wooded margins of fields planted seasonally with either feed-corn or rye. Simultaneous controls consisted of traps associated with the same species of plant without flowers, a pot without plants or both. In two additional instances where flowering-plants grew in situ it was necessary to compare initial trap captures to those following the removal of the plants. Of the 14 plant species tested five captured more Tachinidae at the family level than controls (Agastache hybrid, Ageratina aromatica (L.), Aloysia virgata (Lopez & Pavon), Daucus carota L. and Stelleria media (L.)). At the tachinid subfamily and genera/species levels traps associated with Buddleia davidii Franch., Galium aparine L., Agastache hybrid, A. aromatica, A. virgata and D. carota caught significantly more flies than controls. Over all taxonomic levels, half (7) of the plant species-in-flower were associated with trap-catches greater than those associated with plants out-of-flower and/or without plants. There was no relationship between the ratios of flies captured in flowering plant-baited traps relative to those captured in controls and flower widths, flower depths, flower densities, numbers of flowers or floral areas (flower area * number of flowers). However particular plants were identified that might be incorporated into regional conservation biological control programs. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Reitz, Stuart; Sivinski, John] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. [Al-Dobai, Shoki] Minist Agr & Irrigat, Gen Directorate Plant Protect, Sanaa, Yemen. RP Sivinski, J (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM john.sivinski@ars.usda.gov RI Reitz, Stuart/B-7667-2008 FU Fulbright Scholar Program FX We would like to thank the Fulbright Scholar Program for funding Dr. Al Dobai's sabbatical visit to the Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology. Drs. Sandy Allen and Rob Meagher made a number of constructive criticisms of the original draft and two anonymous reviewers offered many substantial improvements. The University of Florida Dairy Research Unit in Hague, Florida, kindly allowed us access over the 2 years required to complete the experiment. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 47 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2012 VL 61 IS 3 BP 230 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2012.02.008 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 934BP UT WOS:000303415400007 ER PT J AU Popham, HJR Sun, R Shelby, KS Robertson, JD AF Popham, Holly J. R. Sun, Rui Shelby, Kent S. Robertson, J. David TI Changes in Trace Metals in Hemolymph of Baculovirus-Infected Noctuid Larvae SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bacterial infection; Copper; Baculovirus infection; Iron; Magnesium; Micronutrients; Zinc ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; BOMBYX-MORI; IRON-METABOLISM; VIRUSES; COPPER; LEPIDOPTERA; RESISTANCE; CATIONS; ZINC; ZEA AB We studied how biologically relevant trace metals (i.e., micronutrients) in the hemolymph of larval Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) changed in response to per os baculovirus infection, larval development, and injection of heat-killed bacteria. Concentrations of hemolymph Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, and Zn were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. H. virescens larvae exhibited greater fluctuations in hemolymph trace metal levels in response to baculovirus infection and development than did H. zea larvae. H. zea single nucleopolyhedrosis virus infection significantly altered the levels of Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, and Zn in fourth instar H. virescens larvae. Conversely, in fifth instar H. virescens and both H. zea instar infections, no metal levels were significantly different between infected and uninfected larvae. In fourth instar H. virescens hemolymph, Cu, Fe, Mo, and Zn increased during development. Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, and Zn levels changed significantly during development in fifth instar H. virescens as well as both H. zea instars. Based on this analysis, metals were identified whose levels changed during development in both species and during the immune response of H. virescens larvae. C1 [Popham, Holly J. R.; Shelby, Kent S.] ARS, USDA, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. [Sun, Rui; Robertson, J. David] Univ Missouri Res Reactor, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Sun, Rui; Robertson, J. David] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Popham, HJR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM Holly.Popham@ars.usda.gov; rsfd2@mail.mizzou.edu; Kent.Shelby@ars.usda.gov; robertsonjo@missouri.edu FU Office of Science (BER) U.S. Department of Energy FX We wish to thank Larry Brown and Steve Cooper for their technical assistance. This research was supported in part by the Office of Science (BER) U.S. Department of Energy. This article reports the results of research only and mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for its use by the USDA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 146 IS 3 BP 325 EP 334 DI 10.1007/s12011-011-9257-9 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 933ZT UT WOS:000303407900006 PM 22083423 ER PT J AU Whiteley, AR Coombs, JA Hudy, M Robinson, Z Nislow, KH Letcher, BH AF Whiteley, Andrew R. Coombs, Jason A. Hudy, Mark Robinson, Zachary Nislow, Keith H. Letcher, Benjamin H. TI Sampling strategies for estimating brook trout effective population size SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Genetic monitoring; Effective population size; Effective number of breeders; Brook trout; Headwater streams; Linkage disequilibrium; LDNe ID LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; ATLANTIC SALMON; OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOFTWARE; PROGRAM; RELATEDNESS; PERSISTENCE; LIKELIHOOD AB The influence of sampling strategy on estimates of effective population size (N (e) ) from single-sample genetic methods has not been rigorously examined, though these methods are increasingly used. For headwater salmonids, spatially close kin association among age-0 individuals suggests that sampling strategy (number of individuals and location from which they are collected) will influence estimates of N (e) through family representation effects. We collected age-0 brook trout by completely sampling three headwater habitat patches, and used microsatellite data and empirically parameterized simulations to test the effects of different combinations of sample size (S = 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, or 200) and number of equally-spaced sample starting locations (SL = 1, 2, 3, 4, or random) on estimates of mean family size and effective number of breeders (N-b). Both S and SL had a strong influence on estimates of mean family size and (N) over cap (b) however the strength of the effects varied among habitat patches that varied in family spatial distributions. The sampling strategy that resulted in an optimal balance between precise estimates of N (b) and sampling effort regardless of family structure occurred with S = 75 and SL = 3. This strategy limited bias by ensuring samples contained individuals from a high proportion of available families while providing a large enough sample size for precise estimates. Because this sampling effort performed well for populations that vary in family structure, it should provide a generally applicable approach for genetic monitoring of iteroparous headwater stream fishes that have overlapping generations. C1 [Whiteley, Andrew R.; Coombs, Jason A.; Nislow, Keith H.] Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Hudy, Mark] James Madison Univ, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, US Forest Serv, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Letcher, Benjamin H.] SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Whiteley, Andrew R.; Coombs, Jason A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Whiteley, AR (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM awhiteley@eco.umass.edu RI Hudy, Mark/D-4106-2013 FU James Madison University; George Washington and Jefferson National Forest; Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries; U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station; University of Massachusetts Amherst; U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center; Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory FX M. Burak and M. Page helped with genetic analyses. The following organizations provided financial assistance or volunteer support: James Madison University, George Washington and Jefferson National Forest; Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries; U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station; University of Massachusetts Amherst; U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center; and Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 51 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 13 IS 3 BP 625 EP 637 DI 10.1007/s10592-011-0313-y PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 934WG UT WOS:000303476900002 ER PT J AU Sterling, KA Reed, DH Noonan, BP Warren, ML AF Sterling, Ken A. Reed, David H. Noonan, Brice P. Warren, Melvin L., Jr. TI Genetic effects of habitat fragmentation and population isolation on Etheostoma raneyi (Percidae) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Etheostoma; Habitat fragmentation; Genetic structure; Barrier; Population isolation; Excess heterozygosity ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; MICROSATELLITE DNA PRIMERS; CONSERVATION GENETICS; ALLELE FREQUENCIES; GREENSIDE DARTER; CHANNEL INCISION; SOCIAL-STRUCTURE; MIGRATION RATES; RAINBOW DARTER AB The use of genetic methods to quantify the effects of anthropogenic habitat fragmentation on population structure has become increasingly common. However, in today's highly fragmented habitats, researchers have sometimes concluded that populations are currently genetically isolated due to habitat fragmentation without testing the possibility that populations were genetically isolated before European settlement. Etheostoma raneyi is a benthic headwater fish restricted to river drainages in northern Mississippi, USA, that has a suite of adaptive traits that correlate with poor dispersal ability. Aquatic habitat within this area has been extensively modified, primarily by flood-control projects, and populations in headwater streams have possibly become genetically isolated from one another. We used microsatellite markers to quantify genetic structure as well as contemporary and historical gene flow across the range of the species. Results indicated that genetically distinct populations exist in each headwater stream analyzed, current gene flow rates are lower than historical rates, most genetic variation is partitioned among populations, and populations in the Yocona River drainage show lower levels of genetic diversity than populations in the Tallahatchie River drainage and other Etheostoma species. All populations have negative F-IS scores, of which roughly half are significant relative to Hardy-Weinberg expectations, perhaps due to small population sizes. We conclude that anthropogenic habitat alteration and fragmentation has had a profoundly negative impact on the species by isolating E. raneyi within headwater stream reaches. Further research is needed to inform conservation strategies, but populations in the Yocona River drainage are in dire need of management action. Carefully planned human-mediated dispersal and habitat restoration should be explored as management options across the range of the species. C1 [Sterling, Ken A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Reed, David H.] Univ Louisville, Dept Biol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Warren, Melvin L., Jr.] Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Sterling, Ken A.; Noonan, Brice P.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Sterling, KA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM kensterling39@gmail.com FU Mississippi Museum of Natural Science; Mississippi Ecological Services Office; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service FX We thank S. Adams and W. Haag for sharing their experience and advice, M. Bland, A. Commens-Carson, G. McWhirter, B. Sterling, and W. Sterling for their dedicated help in the field collecting samples, C. Jenkins for logistical support, and G. Henderson who produced Fig. 1. We also thank A. Comeault, D. Hataway and S. Nielsen for their assistance in the laboratory and S. Bingham at the Arizona State University DNA Lab. Special thanks to D. Drennen, M. Roberts, and T. Slack for their cooperation and support. This work was supported by funds from the Mississippi Museum of Natural Science, the Mississippi Ecological Services Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service. NR 63 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 55 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 13 IS 3 BP 859 EP 872 DI 10.1007/s10592-012-0335-0 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 934WG UT WOS:000303476900021 ER PT J AU Torres, MS White, JF Zhang, X Hinton, DM Bacon, CW AF Torres, Monica S. White, James F., Jr. Zhang, Xin Hinton, Dorothy M. Bacon, Charles W. TI Endophyte-mediated adjustments in host morphology and physiology and effects on host fitness traits in grasses SO FUNGAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antioxidants; Auxin; Endophytes; Oxidative stress tolerance; Phenolic compounds; Proline; Reactive oxygen species ID INFECTED TALL FESCUE; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE; NEOTYPHODIUM ENDOPHYTE; PIRIFORMOSPORA-INDICA; BALANSIA-EPICHLOE; STRESS TOLERANCE; LOLINE ALKALOIDS; ACREMONIUM ENDOPHYTES; ASEXUAL ENDOPHYTES; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB Endophytic fungi have been shown to increase tolerance of hosts to biotic and abiotic stresses and in some cases alter growth and development of plants. In this article we evaluate some effects that clavicipitaceous endophytes have on development and physiology of plant tissues. We postulate that oxidative stress protection is the fundamental underlying benefit conferred by many endophytes, accounting for frequently observed enhanced disease resistance, drought tolerance, heavy metal tolerance and tolerance to numerous additional oxidative stresses. We hypothesize that endophyte-mediated oxidative stress protection of the host is the result of at least two processes, including: (1) secretion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from endophytic mycelia into plant cells; and (2) secretion of auxin from endophytic mycelia into plant cells. Both processes result in an increase in ROS in plant tissues; and stimulate plant tissues to increase activities of antioxidant systems. Auxin is suggested to function in suppression of plant cell death and may be important in maintaining the endophyte-plant symbiosis. Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Torres, Monica S.; White, James F., Jr.] Rutgers State Univ, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Zhang, Xin] Nankai Univ, Coll Life Sci, Dept Plant Biol & Ecol, Tianjin 30071, Peoples R China. [Hinton, Dorothy M.; Bacon, Charles W.] ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Torres, MS (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM torres@aesop.rutgers.edu NR 86 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 6 U2 75 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1754-5048 J9 FUNGAL ECOL JI Fungal Ecol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 5 IS 3 BP 322 EP 330 DI 10.1016/j.funeco.2011.05.006 PG 9 WC Ecology; Mycology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mycology GA 934ZK UT WOS:000303486300006 ER PT J AU de Freitas, ST Jiang, CZ Mitcham, EJ AF de Freitas, Sergio Tonetto Jiang, Cai-Zhong Mitcham, Elizabeth Jeanne TI Mechanisms Involved in Calcium Deficiency Development in Tomato Fruit in Response to Gibberellins SO JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article DE Solanum lycopersicum L.; Ca; Blossom-end rot; BER; Apoplast; Membrane ID BLOSSOM-END ROT; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM MILL; APPLE FRUIT; ARABIDOPSIS CAX1; BARLEY ALEURONE; PLANT-GROWTH; ACID; GENE; EXPRESSION; ACCUMULATION AB Although gibberellins (GAs) have been shown to induce development of the physiological disorder blossom-end rot (BER) in tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum), the mechanisms involved remain largely unexplored. BER is believed to result from calcium (Ca) deficiency, but the relationship between Ca content and BER incidence is not strong. Our objectives were to better understand how GAs and a GA biosynthesis inhibitor affect BER development in tomato fruit. Tomato plants of two BER-susceptible cultivars, 'Ace 55 (Vf)' and 'AB2,' were grown in a greenhouse environment and subjected to Ca-deficiency conditions. Plants were treated weekly during fruit growth and development with 300 mg L-1 GA(4+7), 300 mg L-1 prohexadione-calcium (Apogee(A (R)), a GA biosynthesis inhibitor), or water beginning 1 day after flower pollination. GA(4+7) treatment induced an increase in BER incidence in both cultivars up to 100%, whereas 'Ace 55 (Vf)' and 'AB2' plants treated with Apogee did not show BER incidence. The number of functional xylem vessels was higher in the placental and pericarp tissue of tomato fruit treated with Apogee at the early stages of fruit growth. Treatment with Apogee also increased fruit pericarp Ca concentration. GA(4+7) treatment enhanced the expression of the putative CAX and Ca-ATPase genes, that code for proteins involved in Ca movement into storage organelles. The lowest water-soluble apoplastic Ca concentration and the highest membrane leakage values were observed in the pericarp of GA(4+7)-treated fruit. These results suggest that GAs consistently reduced fruit Ca uptake and water-soluble apoplastic Ca concentration, leading to leakier plasma membranes and an increase in BER development in fruit tissue of both tomato cultivars. C1 [de Freitas, Sergio Tonetto; Mitcham, Elizabeth Jeanne] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Jiang, Cai-Zhong] ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Mitcham, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ejmitcham@ucdavis.edu RI De Freitas, Sergio/L-7967-2013; OI De Freitas, Sergio/0000-0001-9579-7304; Jiang, Cai-Zhong/0000-0002-5972-7963 FU CAPES Foundation; Ministry of Education of Brazil; Fulbright Program; California League of Food Processors; California Tomato Research Institute FX The authors recognize support from CAPES Foundation, a federal agency under the Ministry of Education of Brazil, and the Fulbright Program, which awarded a Scholarship to PhD student Sergio Tonetto de Freitas for his work on this project. We also thank the California League of Food Processors and the California Tomato Research Institute for partial funding of this project. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 56 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7595 EI 1435-8107 J9 J PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI J. Plant Growth Regul. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 31 IS 2 BP 221 EP 234 DI 10.1007/s00344-011-9233-9 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 935HJ UT WOS:000303509400008 ER PT J AU Muller, GC Zeegers, T Hogsette, JA Revay, EE Kravchenko, VD Leshvanov, A Schlein, Y AF Mueller, Guenter C. Zeegers, Theo Hogsette, Jerome A. Revay, Edita E. Kravchenko, Vasiliy D. Leshvanov, Andrey Schlein, Yosef TI An annotated checklist of the horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of Lebanon with remarks on ecology and zoogeography: Pangoniinae and Chrysopsinae SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tabanidae; Pangoniinae; Chrysopsinae Palaearctic; Levante; Lebanon ID JORDAN; ABUNDANCE; FAUNA AB Knowledge of the horse fly fauna (Diptera: Tabanidae) of Lebanon is fragmentary, while the local fauna of most neighboring countries has been fairly well researched. Within the framework of the 20-year project The ecology and zoogeography of the Lepidoptera of the Near East, we regularly collected biting flies in the whole region, including Lebanon. During this time we recorded 14 horse fly species for two subfamilies in Lebanon: four Pangoniinae and ten Chrysopsinae. Only a single species, Chrysops flavipes Meigen, 1804, was known previously in Lebanon, but the following four Pangoniinae: Pangonius haustellatus (Fabricius, 1781), Pangonius obscuratus Loew, 1859, Pangonius argentatus (Szilady, 1923), and Pangonius fulvipes (Loew, 1859) and nine Chrysopsinae: Silvius appendiculatus Macquart, 1846, Silvius ochraceus Loew, 1858, Nemorius irritans (Ricardo, 1901), Nemorius vitripennis (Meigen, 1820), Chrysops buxtoniAusten, 1922, Chrysops compactusAusten, 1924, Chrysops caecutiens (Linnaeus, 1758), Chrysops italicus Meigen, 1804, and Chrysops hamatus Loew, 1858 are new records for the Lebanese fauna. The Tabanidae fauna of Lebanon is completely Palearctic and most species are of a Mediterranean distribution type. Lebanon or nearby northern Israel appears to be in the Levant, the southern geographical distribution border for the Pangoniinae and Chrysopsinae. C1 [Mueller, Guenter C.; Schlein, Yosef] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Kuvin Ctr Study Infect & Trop Dis, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, IMRIC,Fac Med, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. [Hogsette, Jerome A.] USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Revay, Edita E.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Bruce Rappaport Fac Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, IL-31096 Haifa, Israel. [Kravchenko, Vasiliy D.] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Leshvanov, Andrey] Ulyanovsk State Pedag Univ, Dept Zool, Ulyanovsk 432600, Russia. RP Muller, GC (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Kuvin Ctr Study Infect & Trop Dis, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, IMRIC,Fac Med, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. EM GunterCMuller@hotmail.com NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 37 IS 1 BP 216 EP 220 DI 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2012.00219.x PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 934KS UT WOS:000303443600026 PM 22548556 ER PT J AU Zhu, JJ Berkebile, DR Dunlap, CA Zhang, A Boxler, D Tangtrakulwanich, K Behle, RW Baxendale, F Brewer, G AF Zhu, J. J. Berkebile, D. R. Dunlap, C. A. Zhang, A. Boxler, D. Tangtrakulwanich, K. Behle, R. W. Baxendale, F. Brewer, G. TI Nepetalactones from essential oil of Nepeta cataria represent a stable fly feeding and oviposition repellent SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nepeta cataria; Stomoxys calcitrans; botanical-based repellent; oviposition repellent ID CALCITRANS DIPTERA-MUSCIDAE; IMPREGNATED EAR TAGS; PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; FLIES DIPTERA; HORN FLIES; N,N-DIETHYL-3-METHYLBENZAMIDE DEET; BOTANICAL INSECTICIDES; CATTLE FEEDLOTS; AEDES-AEGYPTI; WEIGHT GAINS AB The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), is one of the most serious pests to livestock. It feeds mainly on cattle and causes significant economic losses in the cattle industry. Standard stable fly control involving insecticides and sanitation is usually costly and often has limited effectiveness. As we continue to evaluate and develop safer fly control strategies, the present study reports on the effectiveness of catnip (Nepeta cataria L.) oil and its constituent compounds, nepetalactones, as stable fly repellents. The essential oil of catnip reduced the feeding of stable flies by >96% in an in vitro bioassay system, compared with other sesquiterpene-rich plant oils (e.g. amyris and sandalwood). Catnip oil demonstrated strong repellency against stable flies relative to other chemicals for repelling biting insects, including isolongifolenone, 2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexen-1-carboxamide and (1S,2'S)-2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexen-1-carboxamide. The repellency against stable flies of the most commonly used mosquito repellent, DEET, was relatively low. In field trials, two formulations of catnip oil provided >95% protection and were effective for up to 6 h when tested on cattle. Catnip oil also acted as a strong oviposition repellent and reduced gravid stable fly oviposition by 98%. C1 [Zhu, J. J.; Berkebile, D. R.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Dunlap, C. A.; Behle, R. W.] USDA ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res Peoria, Peoria, IL USA. [Zhang, A.] USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W Beltsville, Beltsville, MD USA. [Boxler, D.; Tangtrakulwanich, K.; Baxendale, F.; Brewer, G.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Zhu, JJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jerry.zhu@ars.usda.gov FU Regional Project [1030] FX We express our deep gratitude to B. Voelker and T. Weinhold (USDA-ARS, AMRU, Lincoln, NE, U.S.A.) for their technical help with this study. This work was conducted in cooperation with the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and supported partly by Regional Project 1030. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 26 IS 2 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2011.00972.x PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 935CW UT WOS:000303497500002 PM 21781140 ER PT J AU Muller, GC Hogsette, JA Beier, JC Traore, SF Toure, MB Traore, MM Bah, S Doumbia, S Schlein, Y AF Mueller, G. C. Hogsette, J. A. Beier, J. C. Traore, S. F. Toure, M. B. Traore, M. M. Bah, S. Doumbia, S. Schlein, Y. TI Attraction of Stomoxys sp to various fruits and flowers in Mali SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Stomoxys calcitrans; S; niger bilineatus; Stomoxys sitiens; glue traps; nectar feeding; stable flies ID STABLE FLIES DIPTERA; FLY DIPTERA; MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION; ANAPLASMA-MARGINALE; CALCITRANS DIPTERA; KENYAN FOREST; MUSCIDAE; CATTLE; TRAPS; EFFICIENCY AB The attraction of three Stomoxys species to 26 fruits and 26 flowers of different plant species was investigated in two different sites in Mali during 2008. Stomoxys niger bilineatus Grunberg (Diptera: Muscidae) was attracted to a wider spectrum of species, significantly attracted by four fruits and eight flowers compared with control traps, whereas S. sitiens Rondani (Diptera: Muscidae) was attracted to six fruits and seven flowers of different plants, and S. calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae) was only attracted to one fruit and three flowers. Cold anthrone assays showed a significantly higher prevalence of sugar feeding amongst all three species at the lagoon site than at the site near Mopti. The rhythm of activity study shows temporally separated blood- and sugar-feeding periods for S. niger bilineatus and S. sitiens, but not for S. calcitrans. A comparison between blood and sugar feeding throughout the day shows that sugar feeding activity is as frequent as blood feeding activity. Because not much is known about the preferred sugar sources for Stomoxys species in their natural habitats, the present study provides valuable information regarding the attraction capability of several plants with possible future implication for Stomoxys control strategies. C1 [Mueller, G. C.; Schlein, Y.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Parasitol, Jerusalem, Israel. [Hogsette, J. A.] ARS, USDA, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Beier, J. C.] Univ Miami, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL USA. [Beier, J. C.] Univ Miami, Abess Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Policy, Coral Gables, FL USA. [Traore, S. F.; Toure, M. B.; Traore, M. M.; Doumbia, S.] Univ Bamako, Fac Med Pharm & Odontostomatol, Bamako, Mali. [Bah, S.] Univ Bamako, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Bamako, Mali. RP Hogsette, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CMAVE, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM jerry.hogsette@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0269-283X EI 1365-2915 J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 26 IS 2 BP 178 EP 187 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2011.01001.x PG 10 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 935CW UT WOS:000303497500007 PM 22324477 ER PT J AU Vincent, D Du Fall, LA Livk, A Mathesius, U Lipscombe, RJ Oliver, RP Friesen, TL Solomon, PS AF Vincent, Delphine Du Fall, Lauren A. Livk, Andreja Mathesius, Ulrike Lipscombe, Richard J. Oliver, Richard P. Friesen, Timothy L. Solomon, Peter S. TI A functional genomics approach to dissect the mode of action of the Stagonospora nodorum effector protein SnToxA in wheat SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; HOST-SELECTIVE TOXIN; TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; IMMOBILIZED PH GRADIENTS; FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; PTR TOXA; GLYOXYLATE-CYCLE; GENE-EXPRESSION; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; CARBON METABOLISM AB In this study, proteomics and metabolomics were used to study the wheat response to exposure to the SnToxA effector protein secreted by the fungal pathogen Stagonospora nodorum during infection. Ninety-one different acidic and basic proteins and 101 metabolites were differentially abundant when comparing SnToxA- and control-treated wheat leaves during a 72-h time course. Proteins involved in photosynthesis were observed to increase marginally initially after exposure, before decreasing rapidly and significantly. Proteins and metabolites associated with the detoxification of reactive oxygen species in the chloroplast were also differentially abundant during SnToxA exposure, implying that the disruption of photosynthesis causes the rapid accumulation of chloroplastic reactive oxygen species. Metabolite profiling revealed major metabolic perturbations in central carbon metabolism, evidenced by significant increases in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, suggestive of an attempt by the plant to generate ATP and reducing equivalents in response to the collapse of photosynthesis caused by SnToxA. This was supported by the observation that the TCA cycle enzyme malate dehydrogenase was up-regulated in response to SnToxA. The infiltration of SnToxA also resulted in a significant increase in abundance of many pathogenicity-related proteins, even in the absence of the pathogen or other pathogen-associated molecular patterns. This approach highlights the complementary nature of proteomics and metabolomics in studying effectorhost interactions, and provides further support for the hypothesis that necrotrophic pathogens, such as S. nodorum, appear to exploit existing host cell death mechanisms to promote pathogen growth and cause disease. C1 [Vincent, Delphine; Du Fall, Lauren A.; Mathesius, Ulrike; Solomon, Peter S.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Coll Med Biol & Environm, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Livk, Andreja; Lipscombe, Richard J.] Prote Int, Perth, WA 6000, Australia. [Oliver, Richard P.] Curtin Univ Technol, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Friesen, Timothy L.] USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, No Crop Sci Lab, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Solomon, PS (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Coll Med Biol & Environm, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM peter.solomon@anu.edu.au RI Mathesius, Ulrike/C-9767-2009; Solomon, Peter/C-9301-2009 OI Solomon, Peter/0000-0002-5130-7307 FU Australian Research Council [DP0986139] FX We thank Sue Lyons for her help with growth chamber parameters, Rosemary Birch, Melanie Wagner and Liam Cassidy for their help with leaf infiltration, Samira Hassan for her assistance with Typhoon, Cassandra Harris for her assistance with DeCyder and Dr Michael Djordjevic for the use of ImageMaster2D. This work was financially supported by the Australian Research Council (DP0986139). NR 78 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 13 IS 5 BP 467 EP 482 DI 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00763.x PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 935CV UT WOS:000303497400004 PM 22111512 ER PT J AU Valentine, HT Makela, A AF Valentine, Harry T. Makela, Annikki TI Modeling forest stand dynamics from optimal balances of carbon and nitrogen SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE allocation; biomass; carbon (C); growth model; optimization; pipe model; productivity; stand dynamics ID GENERAL-MODEL; PLANT-GROWTH; SITKA SPRUCE; ELEVATED CO2; SHOOT RATIOS; ALLOCATION; TREES; ROOT; OPTIMIZATION; RESPONSES AB We formulate a dynamic evolutionary optimization problem to predict the optimal pattern by which carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are co-allocated to fine-root, leaf, and wood production, with the objective of maximizing height growth rate, year by year, in an even-aged stand. Height growth is maximized with respect to two adaptive traits, leaf N concentration and the ratio of fine-root mass to sapwood cross-sectional area. Constraints on the optimization include pipe-model structure, the C cost of N acquisition, and agreement between the C and N balances. The latter is determined by two models of height growth rate, one derived from the C balance and the other from the N balance; agreement is defined by identical growth rates. Predicted time-courses of maximized height growth rate accord with general observations. Across an N gradient, higher N availability leads to greater N utilization and net primary productivity, larger trees, and greater stocks of leaf and live wood biomass, with declining gains as a result of saturation effects at high N availability. Fine-root biomass is greatest at intermediate N availability. Predicted leaf and fine-root stocks agree with data from coniferous stands across Finland. Optimal C-allocation patterns agree with published observations and model analyses. C1 [Valentine, Harry T.] US Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Makela, Annikki] 00014 Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, Helsinki, Finland. RP Valentine, HT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM hvalentine@fs.fed.us OI Makela, Annikki/0000-0001-9633-7350 NR 42 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 194 IS 4 BP 961 EP 971 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04123.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 934HR UT WOS:000303435400010 PM 22463713 ER PT J AU Olson, A Aerts, A Asiegbu, F Belbahri, L Bouzid, O Broberg, A Canback, B Coutinho, PM Cullen, D Dalman, K Deflorio, G van Diepen, LTA Dunand, C Duplessis, S Durling, M Gonthier, P Grimwood, J Fossdal, CG Hansson, D Henrissat, B Hietala, A Himmelstrand, K Hoffmeister, D Hogberg, N James, TY Karlsson, M Kohler, A Kues, U Lee, YH Lin, YC Lind, M Lindquist, E Lombard, V Lucas, S Lunden, K Morin, E Murat, C Park, J Raffaello, T Rouze, P Salamov, A Schmutz, J Solheim, H Stahlberg, J Velez, H de Vries, RP Wiebenga, A Woodward, S Yakovlev, I Garbelotto, M Martin, F Grigoriev, IV Stenlid, J AF Olson, Ake Aerts, Andrea Asiegbu, Fred Belbahri, Lassaad Bouzid, Ourdia Broberg, Anders Canback, Bjorn Coutinho, Pedro M. Cullen, Dan Dalman, Kerstin Deflorio, Giuliana van Diepen, Linda T. A. Dunand, Christophe Duplessis, Sebastien Durling, Mikael Gonthier, Paolo Grimwood, Jane Fossdal, Carl Gunnar Hansson, David Henrissat, Bernard Hietala, Ari Himmelstrand, Kajsa Hoffmeister, Dirk Hogberg, Nils James, Timothy Y. Karlsson, Magnus Kohler, Annegret Kuees, Ursula Lee, Yong-Hwan Lin, Yao-Cheng Lind, Marten Lindquist, Erika Lombard, Vincent Lucas, Susan Lunden, Karl Morin, Emmanuelle Murat, Claude Park, Jongsun Raffaello, Tommaso Rouze, Pierre Salamov, Asaf Schmutz, Jeremy Solheim, Halvor Stahlberg, Jerry Velez, Heriberto de Vries, Ronald P. Wiebenga, Ad Woodward, Steve Yakovlev, Igor Garbelotto, Matteo Martin, Francis Grigoriev, Igor V. Stenlid, Jan TI Insight into trade-off between wood decay and parasitism from the genome of a fungal forest pathogen SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE genome; Heterobasidion; parasitism; pathology; saprotrophy; trade-off; wood decay ID HETEROBASIDION-ANNOSUM-S.L; SOMATIC INCOMPATIBILITY; GENETIC-LINKAGE; SENSU-LATO; SEQUENCE; PROTEIN; TOOL; IDENTIFICATION; PREDICTION; SIGNATURE AB Parasitism and saprotrophic wood decay are two fungal strategies fundamental for succession and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. An opportunity to assess the trade-off between these strategies is provided by the forest pathogen and wood decayer Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato. We report the annotated genome sequence and transcript profiling, as well as the quantitative trait loci mapping, of one member of the species complex: H similar to irregulare. Quantitative trait loci critical for pathogenicity, and rich in transposable elements, orphan and secreted genes, were identified. A wide range of cellulose-degrading enzymes are expressed during wood decay. By contrast, pathogenic interaction between H similar to irregulare and pine engages fewer carbohydrate-active enzymes, but involves an increase in pectinolytic enzymes, transcription modules for oxidative stress and secondary metabolite production. Our results show a trade-off in terms of constrained carbohydrate decomposition and membrane transport capacity during interaction with living hosts. Our findings establish that saprotrophic wood decay and necrotrophic parasitism involve two distinct, yet overlapping, processes. C1 [Olson, Ake; Canback, Bjorn; Dalman, Kerstin; Durling, Mikael; Himmelstrand, Kajsa; Hogberg, Nils; Karlsson, Magnus; Lind, Marten; Lunden, Karl; Velez, Heriberto; Grigoriev, Igor V.; Stenlid, Jan] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Mycol & Pathol, S-75005 Uppsala, Sweden. [Aerts, Andrea; Lindquist, Erika; Lucas, Susan; Salamov, Asaf] US DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Asiegbu, Fred; Raffaello, Tommaso] 00014 Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Ecol, Helsinki, Finland. [Belbahri, Lassaad] Univ Neuchatel, Lab Soil Biol, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. [Bouzid, Ourdia; de Vries, Ronald P.] Univ Utrecht, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. [Broberg, Anders; Hansson, David] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Chem, S-75005 Uppsala, Sweden. [Coutinho, Pedro M.; Henrissat, Bernard; Lombard, Vincent] AFMB UMR 6098 CNRS UI UII, F-13288 Marseille 9, France. [Cullen, Dan] Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Deflorio, Giuliana; Woodward, Steve] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. [van Diepen, Linda T. A.; James, Timothy Y.] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Dunand, Christophe] Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Cell Surfaces & Plant Signalisat 24, CNRS UMR5546, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. [Duplessis, Sebastien; Kohler, Annegret; Morin, Emmanuelle; Murat, Claude; Martin, Francis] INRA Nancy, IFR Genom Ecophysiol & Ecol Fonct 110, UMR INRA UHP Interact Arbres Microorganismes, F-54280 Champenoux, France. [Gonthier, Paolo] Univ Turin, Dept Exploitat & Protect Agr & Forest Resources D, I-10095 Grugliasco, Italy. [Grimwood, Jane; Schmutz, Jeremy] HudsonAlpha Inst Biotechnol, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Fossdal, Carl Gunnar; Hietala, Ari; Solheim, Halvor; Yakovlev, Igor] Norwegian Forest & Landscape Inst, NO-1432 As, Norway. [Hoffmeister, Dirk] Univ Jena, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Kuees, Ursula] Univ Gottingen, Sect Mol Wood Biotechnol & Tech Mycol, Busgen Inst, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Lee, Yong-Hwan; Park, Jongsun] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151921, South Korea. [Lin, Yao-Cheng; Rouze, Pierre] Univ Ghent VIB, Dept Plant Syst Biol, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. [Stahlberg, Jerry] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Mol Biol, S-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. [de Vries, Ronald P.; Wiebenga, Ad] CBS KNAW Fungal Biodivers Ctr, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands. [Garbelotto, Matteo] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Olson, A (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Mycol & Pathol, Box 7026,Ullsvag 26, S-75005 Uppsala, Sweden. EM ake.olson@slu.se RI Brandstrom Durling, Mikael/C-1213-2008; Karlsson, Magnus/P-6556-2014; Section, Forest Health/B-1469-2015; LIN, Yao-Cheng/B-4394-2008; dunand, christophe/I-6424-2012; Henrissat, Bernard/J-2475-2012; Fossdal, Carl Gunnar/C-5536-2008; Solheim, Halvor/N-9691-2013; de Vries, Ronald/F-8125-2011; Stahlberg, Jerry/D-4163-2013 OI Raffaello, Tommaso/0000-0002-4074-0682; Park, Jongsun/0000-0003-0786-4701; Kues, Ursula/0000-0001-9180-4079; Brandstrom Durling, Mikael/0000-0001-6485-197X; Karlsson, Magnus/0000-0001-6098-138X; Lind, Marten/0000-0002-3817-2823; Yakovlev, Igor/0000-0002-2731-7433; LIN, Yao-Cheng/0000-0002-9390-795X; dunand, christophe/0000-0003-1637-4042; Solheim, Halvor/0000-0002-6808-1615; de Vries, Ronald/0000-0002-4363-1123; Stahlberg, Jerry/0000-0003-4059-8580 FU Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research; Region Lorraine; FABELOR FX The work conducted by the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute was supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Financial support from the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research is gratefully acknowledged. Bioinformatic analyses carried out at INRA-Nancy were supported by Region Lorraine and FABELOR grants to F.M. The assembly and annotations of the H. irregulare genome are available from the JGI Genome Portal at http://www.jgi.doe.gov/Heterobasidion and have been deposited at DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the accession number AEOJ00000000. The complete expression dataset is available as a series (accession number GSE30230) at the Gene Expression Omnibus at NCBI (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/). NR 48 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 6 U2 75 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 194 IS 4 BP 1001 EP 1013 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04128.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 934HR UT WOS:000303435400014 PM 22463738 ER PT J AU Thomazella, DPT Teixeira, PJPL Oliveira, HC Saviani, EE Rincones, J Toni, IM Reis, O Garcia, O Meinhardt, LW Salgado, I Pereira, GAG AF Thomazella, Daniela P. T. Teixeira, Paulo Jose P. L. Oliveira, Halley C. Saviani, Elzira E. Rincones, Johana Toni, Isabella M. Reis, Osvaldo Garcia, Odalys Meinhardt, Lyndel W. Salgado, Ione Pereira, Goncalo A. G. TI The hemibiotrophic cacao pathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa depends on a mitochondrial alternative oxidase for biotrophic development SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE alternative oxidase (AOX); cacao (Theobroma cacao); hemibiotrophic; Moniliophthora perniciosa; nitric oxide (NO); phase transition; witches' broom disease (WBD) ID WITCHES-BROOM DISEASE; FUNGUS MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; HIGHER-PLANT MITOCHONDRIA; RICE BLAST FUNGUS; CRINIPELLIS-PERNICIOSA; NITRIC-OXIDE; GENE-EXPRESSION; THEOBROMA-CACAO; CAUSAL AGENT; COLLETOTRICHUM-LINDEMUTHIANUM AB The tropical pathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa causes witches broom disease in cacao. As a hemibiotrophic fungus, it initially colonizes the living host tissues (biotrophic phase), and later grows over the dead plant (necrotrophic phase). Little is known about the mechanisms that promote these distinct fungal phases or mediate the transition between them. An alternative oxidase gene (Mp-aox) was identified in the M similar to perniciosa genome and its expression was analyzed througout the fungal life cycle. In addition, the effects of inhibitors of the cytochrome-dependent respiratory chain (CRC) and alternative oxidase (AOX) were evaluated on the in vitro development of M similar to perniciosa. Larger numbers of Mp-aox transcripts were observed in the biotrophic hyphae, which accordingly showed elevated sensitivity to AOX inhibitors. More importantly, the inhibition of CRC prevented the transition from the biotrophic to the necrotrophic phase, and the combined use of a CRC and AOX inhibitor completely halted fungal growth. On the basis of these results, a novel mechanism is presented in which AOX plays a role in the biotrophic development of M similar to perniciosa and regulates the transition to its necrotrophic stage. Strikingly, this model correlates well with the infection strategy of animal pathogens, particularly Trypanosoma brucei, which uses AOX as a strategy for pathogenicity. C1 [Thomazella, Daniela P. T.; Teixeira, Paulo Jose P. L.; Rincones, Johana; Toni, Isabella M.; Reis, Osvaldo; Garcia, Odalys; Pereira, Goncalo A. G.] Univ Estadual Campinas UNICAMP, Inst Biol, Lab Genom & Expressao, Dept Genet Evolucao & Bioagentes, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Oliveira, Halley C.; Saviani, Elzira E.; Salgado, Ione] Univ Estadual Campinas UNICAMP, Inst Biol, Dept Biol Vegetal, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Meinhardt, Lyndel W.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pereira, GAG (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas UNICAMP, Inst Biol, Lab Genom & Expressao, Dept Genet Evolucao & Bioagentes, CP 6109, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM goncalo@unicamp.br RI Salgado, Ione/C-4814-2012; Pereira, Goncalo /B-7944-2012; Oliveira, Halley/I-8539-2012; Teixeira, Paulo/C-1546-2013; Cabrera, Odalys/D-2845-2013; 6, INCT/H-4795-2013; Infabic, Inct/I-2128-2013; de Toledo Thomazella, Daniela/D-2750-2012; Rincones, Johana/I-6337-2013 FU Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2006/50794-0, 2009/50119-9]; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) [472710/2008-7] FX We thank Dr Gisele Monteiro and Dr Jorge Mondego for critical reading of the manuscript, Eduardo Fomighieri and Marcelo Carazzolle for assistance with bioinformatics, Dr Sergio Uyemura for kindly providing the anti-AOX monoclonal antibody and Paula Prado for assistance with western blotting assays. This study was supported by the Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP, 2006/50794-0 and 2009/50119-9) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq, 472710/2008-7). NR 61 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 194 IS 4 BP 1025 EP 1034 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04119.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 934HR UT WOS:000303435400016 PM 22443281 ER PT J AU Kumar, T Dweikat, I Sato, S Ge, ZX Nersesian, N Chen, H Elthon, T Bean, S Ioerger, BP Tilley, M Clemente, T AF Kumar, Tejinder Dweikat, Ismail Sato, Shirley Ge, Zhengxiang Nersesian, Natalya Chen, Han Elthon, Tom Bean, Scott Ioerger, Brian P. Tilley, Mike Clemente, Tom TI Modulation of kernel storage proteins in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE maize; agrobacterium tumefaciens; sorghum; wheat; kafirin; transgenic; digestibility ID DEFECTIVE SIGNAL PEPTIDE; REDUCTASE-LIKE GENE; S-LIKE RNASE; PHOSPHATE STARVATION; EXTENSIVE CHANGES; TRANSGENIC WHEAT; CELIAC-DISEASE; GAMMA-KAFIRIN; MAIZE; DIGESTIBILITY AB Sorghum prolamins, termed kafirins, are categorized into subgroups a, beta, and ?. The kafirins are co-translationally translocated to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where they are assembled into discrete protein bodies that tend to be poorly digestible with low functionality in food and feed applications. As a means to address the issues surrounding functionality and digestibility in sorghum, we employed a biotechnology approach that is designed to alter protein body structure, with the concomitant synthesis of a co-protein in the endosperm fraction of the grain. Wherein perturbation of protein body architecture may provide a route to impact digestibility by reducing disulphide bonds about the periphery of the body, while synthesis of a co-protein, with known functionality attributes, theoretically could impact structure of the protein body through direct association and/or augment end-use applications of sorghum flour by stabilizing beta-sheet formation of the kafirins in sorghum dough preparations. This in turn may improve viscoelasticity of sorghum dough. To this end, we report here on the molecular and phenotypic characterizations of transgenic sorghum events that are down-regulated in ?- and the 29-kDa a-kafirins and the expression of a wheat Dy10/Dx 5 hybrid high-molecular weight glutenin protein. The results demonstrate that down-regulation of ?-kafirin alone does not alter protein body formation or impacts protein digestibility of cooked flour samples. However, reduction in accumulation of a predicted 29-kDa a-kafirin alters the morphology of protein body and enhances protein digestibility in both raw and cooked samples. C1 [Kumar, Tejinder; Dweikat, Ismail; Elthon, Tom; Clemente, Tom] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Sato, Shirley; Ge, Zhengxiang; Nersesian, Natalya; Chen, Han; Elthon, Tom] Univ Nebraska, Ctr Biotechnol, Lincoln, NE USA. [Bean, Scott; Ioerger, Brian P.; Tilley, Mike] USDA ARS, Grain Qual & Struct Res Unit, Manhattan, KS USA. [Clemente, Tom] Univ Nebraska, Ctr Plant Sci Innovat, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Clemente, T (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM tclemente1@unl.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 FU Center for Biotechnology; Center for Plant Science Innovation; Nebraska Sorghum Board; Nebraska Research Initiative; USDA-NRI [USDA 2007-55100-17788] FX This work was supported by the Center for Biotechnology and Center for Plant Science Innovation through funds provided by the Nebraska Sorghum Board and the Nebraska Research Initiative. TK was supported through a USDA-NRI graduate training grant award number USDA 2007-55100-17788. The authors wish to thank Amy Hilske for the greenhouse care of plants and Ron Cerny from the Nebraska Center for Mass Spectrometry. NR 71 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1467-7644 J9 PLANT BIOTECHNOL J JI Plant Biotechnol. J. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 10 IS 5 BP 533 EP 544 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2012.00685.x PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 934IE UT WOS:000303436900004 PM 22353344 ER PT J AU Davis, AS Ainsworth, EA AF Davis, A. S. Ainsworth, E. A. TI Weed interference with field-grown soyabean decreases under elevated [CO2] in a FACE experiment SO WEED RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Free Air CO2 Enrichment; demography; growth analysis; C3 and C4 photosynthesis; Amaranthus rudis; Chenopodium album; Glycine max ID LAMBSQUARTERS CHENOPODIUM-ALBUM; CARBON-DIOXIDE; C-4 WEED; AMARANTHUS-RETROFLEXUS; GLYCINE-MAX; CROP; COMPETITION; METAANALYSIS; ENRICHMENT; YIELD AB Davis AS & Ainsworth EA (2012). Weed interference with field-grown soyabean decreases under elevated [CO2] in a FACE experiment. Weed Research52, 277285. Summary Rising atmospheric [CO2] is predicted to affect C3 and C4 weed interference with crop species differently, with C3 weeds benefiting more from elevated [CO2] (eCO2) than C4 species. Our aim was to quantify impacts of eCO2 on C3 and C4 weeds at three levels of biological organisation: individual, population and community. We conducted a field study in 2007 and 2008 within the SoyFACE experiment in Champaign, Illinois, USA, in which Amaranthus rudis (C4) and Chenopodium album (C3) were grown with soyabean. This is a Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment. Elevated [CO2] influenced weeds at all levels of biological organisation. However, community-level impacts were largest. Interference by A.similar to rudis and C.similar to album with soyabean was 37% and 11% lower, respectively, in eCO2. In residual weed communities under ambient [CO2] (aCO2), C3 and C4 species were equally likely to dominate the community, whereas in eCO2, there was a 90% chance of community dominance by C3 species. Future investigations of weed ecology and global change under FACE conditions may improve their inference space by including sources of environmental stress such as ozone, heat and drought. C1 [Davis, A. S.; Ainsworth, E. A.] USDA ARS, Global Change & Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL USA. [Davis, A. S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ainsworth, E. A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Davis, AS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Global Change & Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL USA. EM asdavis1@illinois.edu FU USDA Agricultural Research Service; Illinois Council for Food and Agricultural Research; Archer Daniels Midland Company FX We are grateful to the numerous SoyFACE research support personnel. We thank Justin McGrath, Amy Betzelberger, Sharon Gray and all the other students who helped collect gas exchange data, and Erin Haramoto for coordinating weed and crop measurements. This work was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service. SoyFACE is supported by USDA ARS, the Illinois Council for Food and Agricultural Research and the Archer Daniels Midland Company. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0043-1737 J9 WEED RES JI Weed Res. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 52 IS 3 BP 277 EP 285 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2012.00915.x PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 934JR UT WOS:000303440900010 ER PT J AU Oliver, WT Miles, JR Diaz, DE Dibner, JJ Rottinghaus, GE Harrell, RJ AF Oliver, W. T. Miles, J. R. Diaz, D. E. Dibner, J. J. Rottinghaus, G. E. Harrell, R. J. TI Zearalenone enhances reproductive tract development, but does not alter skeletal muscle signaling in prepubertal gilts SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mycotoxin; Skeletal muscle; Swine; Uterus; Zearalenone ID ALPHA ER-ALPHA; IN-VITRO; FEMALE PIGS; BETA; ZERANOL; DIETS; METABOLITES; MYCOTOXINS; RECEPTORS; GROWTH AB Zearalenone is a potent mycotoxin that has estrogenic properties. In vitro results indicate that zearalenone metabolites down-regulate proteins associated with protein synthesis (protein kinase B, Akt) and cellular proliferation (extracellular signal-regulated kinase, ERK). The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of zearalenone on (1) growth performance and signaling for protein synthesis, and (2) reproductive tract development. At 28 d of age, gilts were randomly assigned to consume a commercial basal diet (C) or C+1.5 mg/kg zearalenone (n =10) for 4 wk, at which time gilts were euthanized, urine collected, and tissue collected. No differences were observed in average daily gain, average daily feed intake, or gain:feed (P>0.28). Reproductive tract weight (2.4-fold) and uterine endometrial gland development (50%) were increased in zearalenone fed gilts (P<0.01). In uterus, estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha expression was unchanged (P>0.28), but gilts consuming zearalenone had 2.0- and 3.5-fold higher abundance of ER-beta mRNA and protein, respectively (P<0.01). No differences were observed in Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin, or ERK abundance or phosphorylation in muscle (P>0.36). Zearalenone had no effect on growth performance or skeletal muscle signaling in prepubertal gilts, but zearalenone increased reproductive tract size and glandular development, possibly due, in part, to altering the expression of ER-beta Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Oliver, W. T.; Miles, J. R.] USDA, ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. [Diaz, D. E.; Dibner, J. J.; Harrell, R. J.] Novus Int Inc, St Charles, MO USA. [Rottinghaus, G. E.] Univ Missouri, Vet Med Diagnost Lab, Columbia, MO USA. RP Oliver, WT (reprint author), USDA, ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE USA. EM William.Oliver@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 174 IS 1-2 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.02.012 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 932JN UT WOS:000303287500007 ER PT J AU Bock, CH Brenneman, TB Hotchkiss, MW Wood, BW AF Bock, Clive H. Brenneman, Tim B. Hotchkiss, Michael W. Wood, Bruce W. TI Evaluation of a phosphite fungicide to control pecan scab in the southeastern USA SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Epidemiology; Fungicides; Integrated disease management; Orchard management; Pathogen control ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; CLADOSPORIUM-CARYIGENUM; PHYTOPHTHORA-CINNAMOMI; HOST-RESISTANCE; LEAF WETNESS; DOWNY MILDEW; FOSETYL-AL; IN-VITRO; SENSITIVITY; TEMPERATURE AB The efficacy of phosphite, a potential elicitor of systemically acquired resistance (SAR) was compared to the protectant fungicide triphenyltin hydroxide (TPTH) to control pecan scab caused by Fusicladium effusum. Efficacy was evaluated in four field experiments over a two-year period involving biweekly foliar applications of both fungicides to trees of five susceptible cultivars of pecan (Carya illinoinensis) and assessment of disease severity on foliage and fruit. Both phosphite and TPTH reduced scab severity on foliage equally well compared to the non-treated control, with the exception of one of the TPTH treatments in 2010. Both phosphite and TPTH provided equally good control of disease early in fruit development (Jul/Aug). However, by the final assessment (Sep/Oct), scab severity on phosphite-treated trees was most often greater than those receiving IPTH and in 2010, severity was equivalent to the non-treated control. Despite a suggested lack of late-season protection with phosphite, there was no difference in fruit volume between phosphite and TPTH-treated plots in 2009, and no difference in nut volume in 2010, although there were treatment differences in kernel weight and fruit weight in 2010. Phosphite-treated trees showed some symptoms of phytotoxicity. Regression analysis demonstrated the effect of scab on yield loss and confirmed the value of scab control on susceptible cultivars. In-vitro tests showed that phosphite is toxic to scab at rates applied in the field, thus implying direct fungitoxicity. Results indicate that phosphite provides useful control of pecan scab on both foliage and fruit early in the growing season, but might not provide prolonged late-season protection compared to an industry standard (i.e., TPTH). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bock, Clive H.; Hotchkiss, Michael W.; Wood, Bruce W.] SEFTNRL USDA ARS, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Brenneman, Tim B.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Bock, CH (reprint author), SEFTNRL USDA ARS, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM clive.bock@usda.ars.gov NR 42 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 36 BP 58 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2012.01.009 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 931AU UT WOS:000303187200011 ER PT J AU Gottwald, TR Graham, JH Irey, MS McCollum, TG Wood, BW AF Gottwald, T. R. Graham, J. H. Irey, M. S. McCollum, T. G. Wood, B. W. TI Inconsequential effect of nutritional treatments on huanglongbing control, fruit quality, bacterial titer and disease progress SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Disease management; Bacterial titer; Fruit yield and quality; Systemic acquired resistance; Metallic ion bactericides; Nutrient elements ID CANDIDATUS LIBERIBACTER ASIATICUS; SAO-PAULO STATE; GREENING DISEASE; CITRUS; FLORIDA; BRAZIL; MANAGEMENT; PCR AB The use of an enhanced nutritional programs (ENPs) to minimize the deleterious effects of the vector transmitted bacterial disease, citrus huanglongbing (HLB) caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), has been a topic of considerable discussion and debate since the discovery of HLB in Florida. Most reports of the putative effects of ENPs are either anecdotal or based on non-replicated trials lacking non-treated controls or proper experimental design and analysis with sufficient statistical rigor. Even so, Florida citrus producers use this unproven and non-validated approach for HLB management in lieu of conventional integrated control of inoculum which includes rouging symptomatic trees to reduce inoculum and vector control using insecticide. The formulation of the ENPs varies considerably, but usually consists of foliar applications of standard essential micronutrients, salts of phosphite, and in some programs, salicylate salts. Two field trials were conducted on Valencia sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L) Osbeck] to test efficacy of widely used ENPs. The first trial consisting of a randomized complete block design with 3 blocks and 4 replicate trees/block was conducted from 2008 to 2010. All trees were PCR+ for Las at the onset of the trial, but exhibited only mild HLB symptoms. This stage of infection was chosen based on claims that the ENPs maintain the health and productivity of HLB-infected trees, thereby extending the orchard's commercial viability. Combinations of components were compared with a control consisting of a standard fertilization and control program for psyllids. Additional treatments consisted of phosphite with Mn-carbonate, Mn-metalosate, Cu-metalosate, or Zn-metalosate, and injection treatments using soluble copper or silver mixed with a polymer. After two seasons of three applications each, there were no significant differences in bacterial titer dynamics, fruit yield (number of fruit/tree, kg fruit/tree, proportion of fruit dropped), or juice quality (Brix, acid, Brix:acid ratio) between treated trees and non-treated control trees. In a second trial of six commercial citrus blocks containing 40,885 trees wherein enhanced vector control and rouging of diseased trees was practiced, the ENP in three blocks was compared to conventional fertilization in three blocks. In this commercial trial, yields, disease progress, and epidemic dynamics did not differ between the ENP and conventional fertilization treatments. Results of the large commercial trial corroborated the experimental results of the first trial with more diverse micronutrient treatments. Considering both trials together, the ENP did not sustain tree health, yield, or fruit quality of Las-infected HLB-symptomatic trees. Moreover, since the nutritional supplements had no effect on Las titer, a major concern is that existing ENP strategies have promoted area-wide buildup of inoculum and increased disease spread within and between citrus orchards. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gottwald, T. R.; McCollum, T. G.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Graham, J. H.] Univ Florida, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Irey, M. S.] US Sugar Corp, So Gardens Citrus, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. [Wood, B. W.] ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA USA. RP Gottwald, TR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM Tim.Gottwald@ars.usda.gov RI Graham, James/B-7049-2008 NR 38 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 36 BP 73 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2012.01.004 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 931AU UT WOS:000303187200013 ER PT J AU Gustafson, RG Ford, MJ Adams, PB Drake, JS Emmett, RL Fresh, KL Rowse, M Spangler, EAK Spangler, RE Teel, DJ Wilson, MT AF Gustafson, Richard G. Ford, Michael J. Adams, Peter B. Drake, Jonathan S. Emmett, Robert L. Fresh, Kurt L. Rowse, Mindy Spangler, Elizabeth A. K. Spangler, Robert E. Teel, David J. Wilson, Matthew T. TI Conservation status of eulachon in the California Current SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Endangered Species Act; forage fish; osmerid smelt; Thaleichthys pacificus ID THALEICHTHYS-PACIFICUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MERLUCCIUS-PRODUCTUS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TRAWL FISHERY; NORTH-AMERICA; OCEAN; MORTALITY; MARINE; TEMPERATURE AB Eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus), an anadromous smelt in the Northeast Pacific Ocean was examined for listing under the USAs Endangered Species Act (ESA). A southern Distinct Population Segment (DPS) of eulachon that occurs in the California Current and is composed of numerous subpopulations that spawn in rivers from northern California to northern British Columbia was identified on the basis of ecological and environmental characteristics, and to a lesser extent, genetic and life history variation. Although the northern terrestrial boundary of this DPS remains uncertain, our consensus opinion was that this northern boundary occurs south of the Nass River and that the DPS was discrete from more northern eulachon, as well as significant to the biological species as a whole and thus is a species under the ESA. Eulachon have been nearly absent in northern California for over two decades, have declined in the Fraser River by over 97% in the past 10 years, and are at historically low levels in other British Columbia rivers in the DPS, and nearly so in the Columbia River. Major threats to southern eulachon include climate change impacts on ocean and freshwater habitat, by-catch in offshore shrimp trawl fisheries, changes in downstream flow timing and intensity owing to dams and water diversions, and predation. These threats, together with large declines in abundance, indicate that the southern DPS of eulachon is at moderate risk of extinction throughout all of its range. The southern DPS was listed as threatened under the ESA in May 2010 the first marine forage fish to be afforded these statutory protections, which apply only to waters under U.S. jurisdiction. C1 [Gustafson, Richard G.; Ford, Michael J.; Drake, Jonathan S.; Fresh, Kurt L.; Rowse, Mindy; Teel, David J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Adams, Peter B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Emmett, Robert L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Spangler, Elizabeth A. K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Interior, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Spangler, Robert E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Wilson, Matthew T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Gustafson, RG (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Rick.Gustafson@noaa.gov FU Northwest Region of NMFS FX Numerous individual fishery scientists and managers provided information that aided in preparation of this document and deserve special thanks. We particularly thank Dr. Doug Hay, Nearshore Consulting, Nanaimo, British Columbia (Scientist Emeritus, Pacific Biological Station, Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada); Brad James, Greg Bargmann, and Olaf Langness, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; and Tom Rien, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. We also thank Megan Moody, Nuxalk Nation, Bella Coola, British Columbia; Andy Lecuyer, Environmental Advisor, Rio Tinto Alcan Inc., Kemano, British Columbia; Michael R. Gordon, M. R. Gordon & Associates Ltd., North Vancouver, British Columbia; and Irene Martin, Skamokawa, Washington, for providing documents or steering us towards those who could. Additional thanks go to Jeff Cowen for assistance with the figures; Laurie Weitkamp, Thomas Good, Jeff Hard, Doug Hay (external reviewer), and one anonymous reviewer for providing valuable comments on earlier versions of the manuscript; and five anonymous scientists whose reviews of an early draft of the status review substantially improved the quality of our final product. The Northwest Region of NMFS provided partial funding in support of this investigation. NR 89 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-2960 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 13 IS 2 BP 121 EP 138 DI 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2011.00418.x PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 923HM UT WOS:000302610400001 ER PT J AU Ottmar, RD Blake, JI Crolly, WT AF Ottmar, Roger D. Blake, John I. Crolly, William T. TI Using fine-scale fuel measurements to assess wildland fuels, potential fire behavior and hazard mitigation treatments in the southeastern USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE Fire behavior; Fuel treatment effectiveness; Fuel inventory; Southeastern United States ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; INVENTORY; WILDFIRE; FORESTS; MODELS; REGIMES; TOOL AB The inherent spatial and temporal heterogeneity of fuelbeds in forests of the southeastern United States may require fine scale fuel measurements for providing reliable fire hazard and fuel treatment effectiveness estimates. In a series of five papers, an intensive, fine scale fuel inventory from the Savanna River Site in the southeastern United States is used for building fuelbeds and mapping fire behavior potential, evaluating fuel treatment options for effectiveness, and providing a comparative analysis of landscape modeled fire behavior using three different data sources including the Fuel Characteristic Classification System, LANDFIRE, and the Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment. The research demonstrates that fine scale fuel measurements associated with fuel inventories repeated over time can be used to assess broad scale wildland fire potential and hazard mitigation treatment effectiveness in the southeastern USA and similar fire prone regions. Additional investigations will be needed to modify and improve these processes and capture the true potential of these fine scale data sets for fire and fuel management planning. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ottmar, Roger D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Blake, John I.; Crolly, William T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. RP Ottmar, RD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, 400 N 34th St,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM rottmar@fs.fed.us; jblake@fs.fed.us; wtcrolly@fs.fed.us NR 30 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 273 SI SI BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.11.003 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 930WX UT WOS:000303176500001 ER PT J AU Andreu, AG Shea, D Parresol, BR Ottmar, RD AF Andreu, Anne G. Shea, Dan Parresol, Bernard R. Ottmar, Roger D. TI Evaluating fuel complexes for fire hazard mitigation planning in the southeastern United States SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fuel characteristics; Surface fire behavior; Fuel reduction; Fuel load; Fuel Characteristic Classification System; Southeastern United States ID CHARACTERISTIC CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM; RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER; LONGLEAF PINE FORESTS; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEM; BEHAVIOR; HABITAT AB Fire hazard mitigation planning requires an accurate accounting of fuel complexes to predict potential fire behavior and effects of treatment alternatives. In the southeastern United States, rapid vegetation growth coupled with complex land use history and forest management options requires a dynamic approach to fuel characterization. In this study we assessed potential surface fire behavior with the Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS), a tool which uses inventoried fuelbed inputs to predict fire behavior. Using inventory data from 629 plots established in the upper Atlantic Coastal Plain, South Carolina, we constructed FCCS fuelbeds representing median fuel characteristics by major forest type and age class. With a dry fuel moisture scenario and 6.4 km h(-1) midflame wind speed, the FCCS predicted moderate to high potential fire hazard for the majority of the fuelbeds under study. To explore fire hazard under potential future fuel conditions, we developed fuelbeds representing the range of quantitative inventory data for fuelbed components that drive surface fire behavior algorithms and adjusted shrub species composition to represent 30% and 60% relative cover of highly flammable shrub species. Results indicate that the primary drivers of surface fire behavior vary by forest type, age and surface fire behavior rating. Litter tends to be a primary or secondary driver in most forest types. In comparison to other surface fire contributors, reducing shrub loading results in reduced flame lengths most consistently across forest types. FCCS fuelbeds and the results from this project can be used for fire hazard mitigation planning throughout the southern Atlantic Coastal Plain where similar forest types occur. The approach of building simulated fuelbeds across the range of available surface fuel data produces sets of incrementally different fuel characteristics that can be applied to any dynamic forest types in which surface fuel conditions change rapidly. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Andreu, Anne G.] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Shea, Dan] US Forest Serv, USDA, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. [Parresol, Bernard R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Ottmar, Roger D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Andreu, AG (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM agandreu@u.washington.edu FU US Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the US Forest Service-Savannah River [DE-AI09-00SR22188]; US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station FX Funding for this work was provided by US Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the US Forest Service-Savannah River under Interagency Agreement DE-AI09-00SR22188 and the US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. We greatly appreciate the assistance of Paige Eagle for the fuelbed generator application to build simulated fuelbeds, Paul Campbell for the development of FCCS batch processor, Laurie Kurth for defining the custom fuel moisture scenario for SRS, and John Blake, Susan Prichard and D.V. Sandberg for guidance throughout the project. We are indebted to Susan Prichard, John Blake and two anonymous reviewers for insightful reviews of earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 273 SI SI BP 4 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.06.040 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 930WX UT WOS:000303176500002 ER PT J AU Ottmar, RD Prichard, SJ AF Ottmar, Roger D. Prichard, Susan J. TI Fuel treatment effectiveness in forests of the upper Atlantic Coastal Plain - An evaluation at two spatial scales SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fuel treatment effectiveness; Fire behavior; Fire hazard; Fuel Characteristic Classification System; Southeastern United States; Longleaf pine ID PINE PINUS-PALUSTRIS; CHARACTERISTIC CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; LONGLEAF PINE; FIRE BEHAVIOR; PRESCRIBED FIRE; GRASSLAND COMMUNITIES; REDUCTION TECHNIQUES; HAZARD REDUCTION AB Fuel treatment effectiveness in Southern forests has been demonstrated using fire behavior modeling and observations of reduced wildfire area and tree damage. However, assessments of treatment effectiveness may be improved with a more rigorous accounting of the fuel characteristics. We present two case studies to introduce a relatively new approach to characterizing fuels and predicting potential fire behavior, fuel consumption, and emissions in Southern forests using the Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS) and Consume. The first case study provides fine-scale (<100 ha) examples of fuel treatments (prescribed fire, mechanical thinning, mastication, and herbicide treatment) and their potential effect on predicted fire behavior and effects on measured treatment units. The second case study evaluates potential fire behavior across a managed forest landscape (74,000 ha) in the upper Atlantic Coastal Plain, South Carolina. Results from the fine-scale assessment indicate that fuel treatments reduce reaction intensity, rate of spread, and flamelength by up to 58%, 57%, and 63%, respectively. Fuel loading of strata that control surface fire behavior (i.e., shrubs, grasses, fine woody fuels, and litter) range from 32.0 Mg ha(-1) in the thinned, untreated unit to 8.5 Mg ha(-1) in the unthinned unit treated with herbicides and prescribed fire. Based on model predictions, up to 80% less fuel would be consumed with concomitant reduction in emissions during a wildfire occurring in the treated units compared to the untreated unit. Assessments of potential fire behavior across the study area indicate that overall hazard is low to moderate for this forested landscape. However, localized areas of high surface fire and crown fire potential were identified. Plot- and stand-based modeling both suggest that the potential for high to extreme fire behavior exists for this landscape. Combined, the two case studies highlight the ability of the FCCS to represent measured fuel characteristics and predict differences in potential fire behavior resulting from fuel treatments. Even small differences in fuel characteristics resulting from fuel treatments or site variation could be detected, allowing the effects of both ecological processes and management actions to be quantified. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ottmar, Roger D.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA USA. [Prichard, Susan J.] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Ottmar, RD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA USA. EM rottmar@fs.fed.us FU US Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the US Forest Service-Savannah River [DE-AI09-00SR22188]; US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station FX We thank Jon Dvorak and Travis Freed for collecting and summarizing the fuels data. We thank Robert Norheim for assistance with GIS analysis and cartography. We also thank John Blake, Anne Andreu and four anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions that improved the manuscript. Funding for this work was provided by US Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the US Forest Service-Savannah River under Interagency Agreement DE-AI09-00SR22188, and the US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. NR 63 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 273 SI SI BP 17 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.09.040 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 930WX UT WOS:000303176500003 ER PT J AU Parresol, BR Blake, JI Thompson, AJ AF Parresol, Bernard R. Blake, John I. Thompson, Andrew J. TI Effects of overstory composition and prescribed fire on fuel loading across a heterogeneous managed landscape in the southeastern USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Prescribed fire; Fuel mapping; Inventory; Loblolly pine; Longleaf pine; Slash pine ID PINE PINUS-PALUSTRIS; UPPER COASTAL-PLAIN; LONGLEAF PINE; UNITED-STATES; REDUCTION TECHNIQUES; SOUTH-CAROLINA; FOREST FLOOR; UNDERSTORY; BEHAVIOR; FLORIDA AB In the southeastern USA, land use history, forest management and natural geomorphic features have created heterogeneous fuel loads. This apparent temporal and spatial variation in fuel loads make it difficult to reliably assess potential fire behavior from remotely sensed canopy variables to determine risk and to prescribe treatments. We examined this variation by exploring the relationships between overstory forest vegetation attributes, recent fire history, and selected surface fuel components across an 80,000 ha contiguous landscape. Measurements of dead and live vegetation components of surface fuels were obtained from 624 permanent plots, or about 1 plot per 100 ha of forest cover. Within forest vegetation groups, we modeled the relationship between individual surface fuel components and overstory stand age, basal area, site quality and recent fire history, then stochastically predicted fuel loads across the landscape using the same linkage variables. The fraction of the plot variation, i.e., R-2, explained by predictive models for individual fuel components ranged from 0.05 to 0.66 for dead fuels and 0.03 to 0.97 for live fuels in pine dominated vegetation groups. Stand age and basal area were generally more important than recent fire history for predicting fuel loads. Mapped fuel loads using these regressor variables showed a very heterogeneous landscape even at the scale of a few square kilometers. The mapped patterns corresponded to stand based forest management disturbances that are reflected in age, basal area, and fire history. Recent fire history was significant in explaining variation in litter and duff biomass. Stand basal area was positively and consistently related to dead fuel biomass in most groups and was present in many predictive equations. Patterns in live fuel biomass were related to recent fire history, but the patterns were not consistent among forest vegetation groups. Age and basal area were related to live fuels in a complex manner that is likely confounded with periodic disturbances that disrupt stand dynamics. This study complements earlier hazardous fuels research in the southeastern USA, and indicates that succession, disturbance, site quality and decomposition interact with forest management practices to create variable spatial and temporal conditions. The inclusion of additional land use, disturbance history, and soil-topographic variables coupled to improved sampling methods may increase precision and subsequent fuel mapping. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Parresol, Bernard R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Blake, John I.; Thompson, Andrew J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. RP Parresol, BR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 200 WT Weaver Blvd, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. EM bparresol@fs.fed.us FU Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the US Forest Service Savannah River [DE-AI09-00SR22188] FX We thank Dan Shea for assistance in interpretation of the data. We thank Dale Wade, Ken Outcalt and Tom Waldrop for suggestions on the original sampling design. We thank Anne Andreu, Susan Prichard, and Roger Ottmar for reviewing the paper. In addition, we want to thank the anonymous referees and the guest associate editor for their constructive reviews that improved the clarity and scope of the manuscript. Funding was provided by the Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the US Forest Service Savannah River under Interagency Agreement DE-AI09-00SR22188. NR 86 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 273 SI SI BP 29 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.08.003 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 930WX UT WOS:000303176500004 ER PT J AU Hollingsworth, LT Kurth, LL Parresol, BR Ottmar, RD Prichard, SJ AF Hollingsworth, Lawen T. Kurth, Laurie L. Parresol, Bernard R. Ottmar, Roger D. Prichard, Susan J. TI A comparison of geospatially modeled fire behavior and fire management utility of three data sources in the southeastern United States SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fire behavior; FlamMap; Fuel Characteristic Classification System; LANDFIRE; Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment ID CHARACTERISTIC CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM; WILDLAND FUELBEDS; LANDFIRE AB Landscape-scale fire behavior analyses are important to inform decisions on resource management projects that meet land management objectives and protect values from adverse consequences of fire. Deterministic and probabilistic geospatial fire behavior analyses are conducted with various modeling systems including FARSITE, FlamMap, FSPro, and Large Fire Simulation System. The fundamental fire intensity algorithms in these systems require surface fire behavior fuel models and canopy cover to model surface fire behavior. Canopy base height, stand height, and canopy bulk density are required in addition to surface fire behavior fuel models and canopy cover to model crown fire activity. Several surface fuel and canopy classification efforts have used various remote sensing and ecological relationships as core methods to develop the spatial layers. All of these methods depend upon consistent and temporally constant interpretations of crown attributes and their ecological conditions to estimate surface fuel conditions. This study evaluates modeled fire behavior for an 80,000 ha tract of land in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of the southeastern US using three different data sources. The Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS) was used to build fuelbeds from intensive field sampling of 629 plots. Custom fire behavior fuel models were derived from these fuelbeds. LANDFIRE developed surface fire behavior fuel models and canopy attributes for the US using satellite imagery informed by field data. The Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment (SWRA) developed surface fire behavior fuel models and canopy cover for the southeastern US using satellite imagery. Differences in modeled fire behavior, data development, and data utility are summarized to assist in determining which data source may be most applicable for various land management activities and required analyses. Characterizing fire behavior under different fuel relationships provides insights for natural ecological processes, management strategies for fire mitigation, and positive and negative features of different modeling systems. A comparison of flame length, rate of spread, crown fire activity, and burn probabilities modeled with FlamMap shows some similar patterns across the landscape from all three data sources, but there are potentially important differences. All data sources showed an expected range of fire behavior. Average flame lengths ranged between 1 and 1.4 m. Rate of spread varied the greatest with a range of 2.4-5.7 m min(-1). Passive crown fire was predicted for 5% of the study area using FCCS and LANDFIRE while passive crown fire was not predicted using SWRA data. No active crown fire was predicted regardless of the data source. Burn probability patterns across the landscape were similar but probability was highest using SWRA and lowest using FCCS. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hollingsworth, Lawen T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Fire Sci Lab,Fire Modeling Inst, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Kurth, Laurie L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Wildland Fire Management RD&A, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Parresol, Bernard R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. [Ottmar, Roger D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Prichard, Susan J.] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Hollingsworth, LT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Fire Sci Lab,Fire Modeling Inst, 5775 Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM lhollingsworth@fs.fed.us; lkurth@fs.fed.us; bparresol@fs.fed.us; rottmar@fs.fed.us; sprich@u.washington.edu FU USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station and Fire Modeling Institute; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station; USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station FX The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their thoughtful comments on improving this manuscript. Funding for data collection was provided by the United States Department of Energy. The USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station and Fire Modeling Institute, Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Southern Research Station provided instrumental funding to analyze data and prepare this manuscript. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 273 SI SI BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.05.020 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 930WX UT WOS:000303176500005 ER PT J AU Parresol, BR Scott, JH Andreu, A Prichard, S Kurth, L AF Parresol, Bernard R. Scott, Joe H. Andreu, Anne Prichard, Susan Kurth, Laurie TI Developing custom fire behavior fuel models from ecologically complex fuel structures for upper Atlantic Coastal Plain forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Calibration; Centroid; Cluster analysis; Euclidean distance; Fuel characteristic classification system; Surface fuels ID MAPPING WILDLAND FUELS; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; MANAGEMENT; SIMULATION; REDUCTION; MOUNTAINS; SCALES; USA AB Currently geospatial fire behavior analyses are performed with an array of fire behavior modeling systems such as FARSITE, FlamMap, and the Large Fire Simulation System. These systems currently require standard or customized surface fire behavior fuel models as inputs that are often assigned through remote sensing information. The ability to handle hundreds or thousands of measured surface fuelbeds representing the fine scale variation in fire behavior on the landscape is constrained in terms of creating compatible custom fire behavior fuel models. In this study, we demonstrate an objective method for taking ecologically complex fuelbeds from inventory observations and converting those into a set of custom fuel models that can be mapped to the original landscape. We use an original set of 629 fuel inventory plots measured on an 80,000 ha contiguous landscape in the upper Atlantic Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States. From models linking stand conditions to component fuel loads, we impute fuelbeds for over 6000 stands. These imputed fuelbeds were then converted to fire behavior parameters under extreme fuel moisture and wind conditions (97th percentile) using the fuel characteristic classification system (FCCS) to estimate surface fire rate of spread, surface fire flame length, shrub layer reaction intensity (heat load), non-woody layer reaction intensity, woody layer reaction intensity, and litter-lichen-moss layer reaction intensity. We performed hierarchical cluster analysis of the stands based on the values of the fire behavior parameters. The resulting 7 clusters were the basis for the development of 7 custom fire behavior fuel models from the cluster centroids that were calibrated against the FCCS point data for wind and fuel moisture. The latter process resulted in calibration against flame length as it was difficult to obtain a simultaneous calibration against both rate of spread and flame length. The clusters based on FCCS fire behavior parameters represent reasonably identifiable stand conditions, being: (1) pine dominated stands with more litter and down woody debris components than other stands, (2) hardwood and pine stands with no shrubs, (3) hardwood dominated stands with low shrub and high non-woody biomass and high down woody debris, (4) stands with high grass and forb (i.e., non-woody) biomass as well as substantial shrub biomass, (5) stands with both high shrub and litter biomass, (6) pine-mixed hardwood stands with moderate litter biomass and low shrub biomass, and (7) baldcypress-tupelo stands. Models representing these stand clusters generated flame lengths from 0.6 to 2.3 m using a 30 km h(-1) wind speed and fireline intensities of 100-1500 kW m(-1) that are typical within the range of experience on this landscape. The fuel models ranked 1 < 2 < 7 < 5 < 4 < 3 < 6 in terms of both flame length and fireline intensity. The method allows for ecologically complex data to be utilized in order to create a landscape representative of measured fuel conditions and to create models that interface with geospatial fire models. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Parresol, Bernard R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Andreu, Anne; Prichard, Susan] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Scott, Joe H.] Pyrologix LLC, Missoula, MT USA. [Kurth, Laurie] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. RP Parresol, BR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 200 WT Weaver Blvd, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. EM bparresol@fs.fed.us FU Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the U.S. Forest Service Savannah River [DE-AI09-00SR22188] FX Funding was provided by the Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the U.S. Forest Service Savannah River under Interagency Agreement DE-AI09-00SR22188. We appreciate the detailed critique by Dr. John Blake and two anonymous reviewers that helped improve the manuscript. Our thanks also go out to Dr. David Peterson, Guest Editor. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 273 SI SI BP 50 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.01.024 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 930WX UT WOS:000303176500006 ER PT J AU Register, KB Sukumar, N Palavecino, EL Rubin, BK Deora, R AF Register, K. B. Sukumar, N. Palavecino, E. L. Rubin, B. K. Deora, R. TI Bordetella bronchiseptica in a Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patient: Possible Transmission from a Household Cat SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Bordetella bronchiseptica; zoonoses; cystic fibrosis; molecular typing ID IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; PERTACTIN; PERTUSSIS; PARAPERTUSSIS; PNEUMONIA; CHILDREN; TOXIN AB Bordetella bronchiseptica is a zoonotic respiratory pathogen commonly found in domesticated farm and companion animals, including dogs and cats. Here, we report isolation of B.similar to bronchiseptica from a sputum sample of a cystic fibrosis patient recently exposed to a kitten with an acute respiratory illness. Genetic characterization of the isolate and comparison with other isolates of human or feline origin strongly suggest that the kitten was the source of infection. C1 [Register, K. B.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Sukumar, N.; Deora, R.] Wake Forest Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Palavecino, E. L.] Wake Forest Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Rubin, B. K.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Richmond, Richmond, VI USA. RP Register, KB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM karen.register@ars.usda.gov; rdeora@wfubmc.edu FU NIH [1R01AI075081]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture NRI [2006-35604-16874] FX The authors thank Michael Mullins for excellent technical assistance. We thank Haiping Lu and Banabihari Giri for a gift of chromosomal DNA. Research in the laboratory of RD is supported by NIH grant no. 1R01AI075081 and the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture NRI Grant no. 2006-35604-16874. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1863-1959 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PD JUN PY 2012 VL 59 IS 4 BP 246 EP 250 DI 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2011.01446.x PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 932XG UT WOS:000303323200003 PM 22212633 ER PT J AU Lee, J Mattheis, JP Rudell, DR AF Lee, Jinwook Mattheis, James P. Rudell, David R. TI Antioxidant treatment alters metabolism associated with internal browning in 'Braeburn' apples during controlled atmosphere storage SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 'Braeburn' browning disorder (BBD); CO2 injury; Diphenylamine (DPA); Metabolomics; Partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis; Volatile compounds ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID GABA; CARBON-DIOXIDE INJURY; SUPERFICIAL SCALD; DELICIOUS APPLES; PLANT STEROLS; ALCOHOL ACYLTRANSFERASE; VOLATILE PRODUCTION; ESTER BIOSYNTHESIS; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB 'Braeburn' apple [Malus sylvestris var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf] fruit can develop internal browning (Braeburn browning disorder; BBD) during hypoxic cold storage in elevated levels of CO2. Pre-storage treatment with the antioxidant diphenylamine (DPA) can prevent this disorder. To evaluate disorder-related metabolism, untargeted metabolic profiling using GC-MS and LC-MS was performed to characterize metabolism in cortex tissue of 'Braeburn' apple fruit treated with 2 g L-1 DPA or left untreated and stored under high CO2, controlled atmosphere (CA) storage of 1.5 kPa O-2/3 kPa CO2 at 0.5 degrees C for up to 12 weeks. Partial least squares (PIS) regression analysis was employed to define metabolomic differences developing between untreated and DPA-treated fruit during storage and to identify metabolites linked with treatments, storage duration, and BBD. Metabolomes of control and DPA-treated fruit began to diverge at 1 week after storage and then oppositely diverge at 4 weeks after storage, which accompanied increased flesh browning in untreated fruit only. Flesh browning was associated with increased acetaldehyde, ethanol, and ethyl esters. DPA treatment reduced the levels of these and other volatile compounds. DPA treatment also reduced flesh content of many amino acids. These results indicate that metabolism is altered by DPA treatment and that these metabolic changes may be related to tissue integrity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lee, Jinwook; Mattheis, James P.; Rudell, David R.] USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Rudell, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM David.Rudell@ars.usda.gov NR 74 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 68 BP 32 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2012.01.009 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 928LM UT WOS:000302984200005 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Peatman, E Liu, H Niu, DH Feng, TT Kucuktas, H Waldbieser, G Chen, LQ Liu, ZJ AF Zhang, Hao Peatman, Eric Liu, Hong Niu, Donghong Feng, Tingting Kucuktas, Huseyin Waldbieser, Geoff Chen, Liqiao Liu, Zhanjiang TI Characterization of a mannose-binding lectin from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) SO RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Channel catfish; Ictalurus punctatus; Mannose-binding lectin; Edwardsiella ictaluri; MBL; Lectin ID C-TYPE LECTIN; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; INNATE IMMUNITY; AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA; CARBOHYDRATE-BINDING; MARKER DEVELOPMENT; TAKIFUGU-RUBRIPES; RAINBOW-TROUT; 2 HOMOLOGS; IDENTIFICATION AB Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is an important component of innate immunity capable of activating the lectin pathway of the complement system. A MBL gene was isolated from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). The deduced protein contains a canonical collagen-like domain, a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), and a neck region similar to mammalian mannose-binding lectin. The catfish mannose-binding lectin CRD contains the EPN motif shown previously to mediate mannose specificity. The catfish mannose-binding lectin showed 30-43% identity with MBL protein sequences of rainbow trout, zebrafish, common carp, and goldfish, and 33-35% identity with sequences of mammalian species. In this study, while liver was the predominant source of mannose-binding lectin gene expression in healthy tissues, mannose-binding lectin expression in spleen rose sharply following challenge with a Gram-negative bacterium. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Hao; Peatman, Eric; Liu, Hong; Niu, Donghong; Feng, Tingting; Kucuktas, Huseyin; Liu, Zhanjiang] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Fish Mol Genet & Biotechnol Lab, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Zhang, Hao; Peatman, Eric; Liu, Hong; Niu, Donghong; Feng, Tingting; Kucuktas, Huseyin; Liu, Zhanjiang] Auburn Univ, Program Cell & Mol Biosci, Aquat Genom Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Zhang, Hao; Chen, Liqiao] E China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Liu, Hong] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Fisheries, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. [Waldbieser, Geoff] USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Liu, ZJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Fish Mol Genet & Biotechnol Lab, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM zliu@acesag.auburn.edu FU USDA AFRI (USDA/NRICGP) [2009-35205-05101]; USDA, ARS CRIS [6402-31000-08-00D] FX This project was supported by a grant from the USDA AFRI Animal Genome Tools and Resources Program (USDA/NRICGP award# 2009-35205-05101) and in part by USDA, ARS CRIS 6402-31000-08-00D. The authors would like to thank Jianguo Lu and Shikai Liu for assistance in database searches. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0034-5288 J9 RES VET SCI JI Res. Vet. Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 92 IS 3 BP 408 EP 413 DI 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.03.024 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 928LT UT WOS:000302985000011 PM 21524427 ER PT J AU Wysocki, M Chen, H Steibel, JP Kuhar, D Petry, D Bates, J Johnson, R Ernst, CW Lunney, JK AF Wysocki, M. Chen, H. Steibel, J. P. Kuhar, D. Petry, D. Bates, J. Johnson, R. Ernst, C. W. Lunney, J. K. TI Identifying putative candidate genes and pathways involved in immune responses to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE complement; genetic resistance; immune pathways; pigoligoarray; porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome; porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome susceptibility ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; PHOSPHATASE 2A; EXPRESSION; APOPTOSIS; PIGS; PHOSPHORYLATION; MICROARRAY; OUTBREAKS; CELLS; SOCS3 AB Differences in gene expression were compared between RNAs from lungs of high (HR) and low (LR) porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) burden pigs using the swine proteinannotated long oligonucleotide microarray, the Pigoligoarray. Pathway analyses were carried out to determine biological processes, pathways and networks that differ between the LR and HR responses. Differences existed between HR and LR pigs for 16 signalling pathways [P < 0.01/-log (P-value) >1.96]. Top canonical pathways included acute phase response signalling, crosstalk between dendritic cells and natural killer cells and tight junction signalling, with numerous immune response genes that were upregulated (SOCS1, SOD2, RBP4, HLA-B, HLA-G, PPP2R1A and TAP1) or downregulated (IL18, TF, C4BPA, C1QA, C1QB and TYROBP). One mechanism, regulation of complement activation, may have been blocked in HR (PRRSV-susceptible) pigs and could account for the poor clearance of PRRSV by infected macrophages. Multiple inhibiting signals may have prevented effective immune responses in susceptible HR pigs, although some protective genes were upregulated in these pigs. It is likely that in HR pigs, expression of genes associated with protection was delayed, so that the immune response was not stimulated early; thus, PRRSV infection prevented protective immune responses. C1 [Wysocki, M.; Chen, H.; Kuhar, D.; Lunney, J. K.] ARS, APDL, ANRI, USDA,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Steibel, J. P.; Ernst, C. W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Steibel, J. P.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Petry, D.; Bates, J.; Johnson, R.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Lunney, JK (reprint author), ARS, APDL, ANRI, USDA,BARC E, Bldg 1040,Room 103, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Joan.Lunney@ars.usda.gov FU USDA ARS; USDA NRI PRRS CAP [2004-35605-14197]; USDA NIFA PRRS CAP2 [2008-55620-19132]; China Scholarship Council FX The authors thank S. Abrams and A. Tietgens for technical assistance with this project. This work was supported by USDA ARS project funds, by USDA NRI PRRS CAP Grant 2004-35605-14197 and USDA NIFA PRRS CAP2 Grant 2008-55620-19132. H. Chen was supported by a China Scholarship Council grant for his PhD research in the United States. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 43 IS 3 BP 328 EP 332 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02251.x PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 922IV UT WOS:000302541500013 PM 22486506 ER PT J AU Cepica, S Ovilo, C Masopust, M Knoll, A Fernandez, A Lopez, A Rohrer, GA Nonneman, D AF Cepica, S. Ovilo, C. Masopust, M. Knoll, A. Fernandez, A. Lopez, A. Rohrer, G. A. Nonneman, D. TI Four genes located on a SSC2 meat quality QTL region are associated with different meat quality traits in Landrace Chinese-European crossbred population SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE association study; complement factor D (adipsin); insulin receptor; meat quality; pig; porcine chromosome 2; resistin; ubiquitin-like 5 ID GENOME; PIG; METABOLISM; VARIANTS; FATNESS; BEACON; UBL5; MAP AB Several quantitative trait loci (QTL) for different meat quality traits have been localized on the q arm of porcine chromosome 2 at position 5578 cM. Association analyses were performed in a commercial Landrace X Chinese-European (LCE) crossbred population (n = 446) slaughtered at approximately 127 kg and an average age of 198 days with records for performance (growth, fat and meat accretion) and meat quality [intramuscular fat (IMF), Minolta L*, Minolta a*, Minolta b* and pH at 45 m]. Polymorphisms within positional candidate genes cloned from homologous regions on human chromosome 19, ubiquitin-like 5 (UBL5 AM950288:g.566G>A), resistin (RETN AM157180:g.1473A>G causing substitution p.Ala36Thr), insulin receptor (INSR AM950289:g.589T>C) and complement factor D (adipsin) (CFD AM950287:g. 306C>T) were located at positions 62.1, 64.0, 68.0 and 70.7 cM respectively on the current USDA USMARC map of porcine chromosome 2 and had the following allele frequencies in the LCE: UBL5 566G 0.57; RETN 1473G 0.84; INSR 589C 0.70; and CFD 306C 0.73. The effects of alleles within the candidate genes on the recorded traits were estimated using an animal model. Significant effects (P < 0.05) were found for pH45 in m. semimembranosus (m. sm.) (UBL5), IMF (RETN) and Minolta L* (RETN, CFD). Differences between phenotypic means of homozygotes at UBL5, RETN and either RETN or CFD explained 0.34 SD for pH45 in m. sm., 0.47 SD for IMF and 0.68 SD for Minolta L* respectively. Suggestive effects (P < 0.10) on IMF (UBL5, CFD), Minolta a* (INSR, CFD) and Minolta b* (INSR) were also observed. Our results support the localization of further QTL for meat quality traits in this region and suggest that there are several genes affecting different meat quality traits. C1 [Cepica, S.; Masopust, M.; Knoll, A.] AS CR, Inst Anim Physiol & Genet, Libechov 27721, Czech Republic. [Ovilo, C.; Fernandez, A.; Lopez, A.] Inst Nacl Invest & Tecnol Agr & Alimentaria, Madrid 28040, Spain. [Knoll, A.] Mendel Univ Brno, Brno 61300, Czech Republic. [Rohrer, G. A.; Nonneman, D.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Cepica, S (reprint author), AS CR, Inst Anim Physiol & Genet, Libechov 27721, Czech Republic. EM cepica@iapg.cas.cz RI Knoll, Ales/D-6896-2012; Cepica, Stanislav/G-7180-2014; Ovilo, Cristina/N-9931-2014 OI Ovilo, Cristina/0000-0002-5738-8435 FU Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic [AV0Z50450515]; Czech Science Foundation [P502/10/1216]; BioVendor Laboratory Medicine, Inc., Brno, Czech Republic; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [FIT-010000-2001-5] FX We thank Mrs Petra Sejnohova for excellent laboratory assistance. The authors are also grateful to COPESE for providing animal samples and phenotypic data. This work was supported by the Institutional Research Plan of the Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (AV0Z50450515), the Czech Science Foundation (P502/10/1216), BioVendor Laboratory Medicine, Inc., Brno, Czech Republic and by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation grant FIT-010000-2001-5. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 43 IS 3 BP 333 EP 336 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02252.x PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 922IV UT WOS:000302541500014 PM 22486507 ER PT J AU Rempel, LA Nonneman, DJ Rohrer, GA AF Rempel, L. A. Nonneman, D. J. Rohrer, G. A. TI Polymorphism within thyroid hormone responsive (THRSP) associated with weaning-to-oestrus interval in swine SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID COCAINE C1 [Rempel, L. A.; Nonneman, D. J.; Rohrer, G. A.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Rempel, LA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM lea.rempel@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 43 IS 3 BP 364 EP 365 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02303.x PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 922IV UT WOS:000302541500023 PM 22486516 ER PT J AU Knothe, G Cermak, SC Evangelista, RL AF Knothe, Gerhard Cermak, Steven C. Evangelista, Roque L. TI Methyl esters from vegetable oils with hydroxy fatty acids: Comparison of lesquerella and castor methyl esters SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; Castor methyl esters; Fuel properties; Hydroxy fatty acids; Lesquerella methyl esters ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; SOYBEAN OIL; FUEL; OPTIMIZATION; ETHANOLYSIS; PETRODIESEL; FEEDSTOCKS; COLLECTION; EXTRACTION AB The search for alternative feedstocks for biodiesel as a partial replacement for petrodiesel has recently extended to castor oil. In this work, the castor oil methyl esters were prepared and their properties determined in comparison to the methyl esters of lesquerella oil, which, in turn, is seen as an alternative to castor oil. Both oils contain high amounts of hydroxy fatty acids, castor oil containing ricinoleic acid, lesquerella oil containing lesquerolic acid as C-20 homolog of ricinoleic acid. Lesquerella oil, however, contains higher amounts of conventional C-18 fatty acids than castor oil. The methyl esters of lesquerella oil exhibit a higher cetane number (45. 6 vs. 37.55) and lower kinematic viscosity (11.22 vs. 14.82 mm(2)/s) than the methyl esters of castor oil, both values for lesquerella methyl esters being closer to specifications in biodiesel standards, while oxidative stability of castor methyl esters is higher although this issue appears complex. Both lesquerella and castor oil methyl esters do not meet biodiesel standards requirements in terms of cetane number, kinematic viscosity, and density. Overall, however, lesquerella methyl esters appear to have more favorable fuel properties than castor methyl esters although sulfur content is elevated. Both lesquerella and castor methyl esters have a greater tendency to exceed free glycerol and water specifications in biodiesel standards. The H-1 and C-13 NMR spectra of lesquerella methyl esters are reported. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Knothe, Gerhard; Cermak, Steven C.; Evangelista, Roque L.] ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM gerhard.knothe@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD JUN PY 2012 VL 96 IS 1 BP 535 EP 540 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.01.012 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 913DT UT WOS:000301853900060 ER PT J AU Eberhardt, TL Pan, H AF Eberhardt, Thomas L. Pan, Hui TI Elemental analyses of chars isolated from a biomass gasifier fly ash SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Bioenergy; Carbon; Gasification; Inorganic elements; PIXE ID FLUIDIZED-BED GASIFICATION; INORGANIC ELEMENTS; HEAVY-METALS; WOOD ASH; PART I; CARBON; COMBUSTION; ACTIVATION; BEHAVIOR; SITES AB Processing of pine wood chips in a pilot-scale downdraft gasifier generated a carbon-rich fly ash as a byproduct. Studies on biomass-derived fly ashes have generally focused on their direct characterisation, as generated, to develop options for utilisation or disposal. Analogous to studies on coal-derived fly ashes, strategies were applied here to assess the feasibility of isolating chars for value-added applications and to determine their elemental compositions relative to that for the feedstock. The inorganic ash content of the biomass-derived fly ash was 48.4%. Sieving followed by washing with deionized water afforded large char particles (>10 mesh) with an ash content of only 3.59%. A subsequent acid treatment reduced the ash content to 1.55%; further demineralization treatments to obtain lower ash contents were deemed impractical. Elemental analyses showed calcium was the most abundant inorganic element in the feedstock, fly ash, and water-washed char. The apparent removal of calcium carbonate by the acid treatment afforded a char in which potassium was the most abundant element. Results suggested that the chars surviving gasification may function as adsorbents in situ for elements that are volatile under the conditions of gasification. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Eberhardt, Thomas L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Pan, Hui] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Calhoun Res Stn, Calhoun, LA 71225 USA. RP Eberhardt, TL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM teberhardt@fs.fed.us NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD JUN PY 2012 VL 96 IS 1 BP 600 EP 603 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.01.010 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 913DT UT WOS:000301853900069 ER PT J AU Ishida, BK Chapman, MH AF Ishida, Betty K. Chapman, Mary H. TI Effects of a hydrodynamic process on extraction of carotenoids from tomato SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Tomatoes; Lycopene; Cis- and trans-lycopene isomers; Phytoene; Phytofluene; Carotenoids; Bioavailability; Hydrodynamic ID TRANS-LYCOPENE; GEOMETRICAL-ISOMERS; CIS-ISOMERS; IN-VITRO; VARIETIES; TANGERINE; HUMANS AB We evaluated the results of using a proprietary hydrodynamic method, which was introduced with the hope of increasing accessibility of beneficial nutrition-enhancing fruit and vegetable products. Tomato, a major dietary source of carotenoids, notably lycopene, was tested because of its many health benefits to consumers. Samples before and after treatment were compared for lycopene, phytoene, and phytofluene contents. Extractable lycopene and other carotenoids increased significantly. In nature, lycopene exists almost exclusively as the all-trans stereoisomer. Cis-lycopene isomers form during cooking and digestion, resulting in higher percentages in plasma and tissues than ingested. Cis-lycopene isomers are more bioavailable than all-trans lycopene. Extraction using this proprietary method increased extracted cis-lycopene to as high as 43% of the total lycopene, indicating increased isomerisation. This method could therefore contribute significantly to the delivery of health benefits of biologically available lycopene from tomato products for metabolic functions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ishida, Betty K.; Chapman, Mary H.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Ishida, BK (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bkishida@gmail.com NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 132 IS 3 BP 1156 EP 1160 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.036 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 902EW UT WOS:000301022400006 ER PT J AU Lv, J Huang, HQ Yu, L Whent, M Niu, YG Shi, HM Wang, TTY Luthria, D Charles, D Yu, LL AF Lv, Junli Huang, Haiqiu Yu, Lu Whent, Monica Niu, Yuge Shi, Haiming Wang, Thomas T. Y. Luthria, Devanand Charles, Denys Yu, Liangli Lucy TI Phenolic composition and nutraceutical properties of organic and conventional cinnamon and peppermint SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Accelerated solvent extractor; Anti-proliferation; Anti-inflammation; Antioxidant; Cinnamon; Peppermint; Phenolics ID ESSENTIAL OILS; ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES; WHEAT EXTRACTS; CANCER; CELLS; INFLAMMATION; CAPACITY; CONSTITUENTS; FLAVONOIDS; VEGETABLES AB Conventional and organic cinnamon and peppermint were investigated for their phenolic profile, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Accelerated solvent extraction with 75% acetone was used to extract samples. Caffeic acid was the most abundant phenolic acid in peppermint. Catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, syringic acid, gallic acid, vanillic acid, and p-coumaric acid were also detected in both spices. There was no significant difference between conventional and organic spices in the composition of most individual phenolics. All conventional and organic peppermint and cinnamon extracts exhibited strong anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties. Cinnamon was more efficient in inhibiting IL-1 beta and COX-2 expression, while peppermint showed better inhibitory effect on IL-6 and MCP-1. This study indicates that cinnamon and peppermint may potentially be used as dietary sources of bioactive phytochemicals for improving health. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lv, Junli; Huang, Haiqiu; Yu, Lu; Whent, Monica; Niu, Yuge; Luthria, Devanand; Yu, Liangli Lucy] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Niu, Yuge; Shi, Haiming; Yu, Liangli Lucy] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Agr & Biol, Key Lab Urban Agr S, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Wang, Thomas T. Y.] Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Luthria, Devanand] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Charles, Denys] Frontier Nat Prod Co Ap, Norway, IA USA. RP Luthria, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM dave.luthria@ars.usda.gov; lyu5@umd.edu RI Huang, Haiqiu/J-8856-2012; shi, haiming/D-2806-2015 FU Frontier Natural Products Co-op, Norway, IA; Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (JIFSAN); Maryland Grain Producers Utilization Board (MGPUB) FX This research was partially supported by a research grant from Frontier Natural Products Co-op, Norway, IA, a grant from the Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (JIFSAN), a grant from the Maryland Grain Producers Utilization Board (MGPUB). The authors also would like to thank the Dionex, Inc., for providing supplies for ASE extraction. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 55 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 EI 1873-7072 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 132 IS 3 BP 1442 EP 1450 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.135 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 902EW UT WOS:000301022400045 ER PT J AU Qu, WJ Breksa, AP Pan, ZL Ma, HL AF Qu, Wenjuan Breksa, Andrew P., III Pan, Zhongli Ma, Haile TI Quantitative determination of major polyphenol constituents in pomegranate products SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Pomegranate; Gallic acid; Punicalagin; Ellagic acid; HPLC ID ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; JUICE; PUNICALAGIN; ACID; ANTHOCYANIN; DEGRADATION; STORAGE AB The anti-oxidant content and potential health benefits associated with consuming pomegranate and pomegranate-containing products has lead to increased consumer demand for this crop resulting in it becoming a high value crop. The potential health benefits and high anti-oxidant content of this fruit is attributed to the polyphenolic compounds it contains, including the ubiquitous phenolic acids, gallic acid and ellagic acid, and punicalagin A and punicalagin B. two polyphenolics unique to this fruit. A rapid HPLC-UV method targeting these four metabolites requiring minimal sample cleanup and offering run-times half as long as existing methods was established. Within day and inter-day run-to-run variability for the four metabolites ranged from 1.9% to 6.6% and 5.3% to 11.4%. respectively. Spike recovery percentages for gallic acid, punicalagin A, punicalagin B and ellagic acid were found to be 98.5%, 92.4%, 95.5%, and 96.5%, respectively. This method was applied to the evaluation of various pomegranate products, including commercial drinks, handmade juice, and marc extracts. This method may be readily used to verify the presence of pomegranate metabolites in juices, extracts, and other products. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Breksa, Andrew P., III; Pan, Zhongli] ARS, Proc Foods Res Unit, W Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Qu, Wenjuan; Ma, Haile] Jiangsu Univ, Sch Food & Biol Engn, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Pan, Zhongli] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Breksa, AP (reprint author), ARS, Proc Foods Res Unit, W Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM andrew.breksa@ars.usda.gov FU USDA, ARS CRIS [5325-41000-351 063-00, 5325-41430-011-00D]; Jiangsu University [10JDG121, 1143002027]; Priority Academic Program Development fund of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD); Jiangsu Province, China [1101039C] FX This research was conducted at the Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, Albany, CA. The authors wish to thank Marlene Hidalgo, Ana Vilches and Brian Cain for their technical support in HPLC training and Dr. Tara H. McHugh for her helpful discussions. This study was supported by USDA, ARS CRIS Project no. 5325-41000-351 063-00 and 5325-41430-011-00D. The authors also wish to extend our appreciation to POM Wonderful Company in California for providing the pomegranate marc materials and for the supported provided by the senior professional research start-up fund of Jiangsu University (10JDG121), the Priority Academic Program Development fund of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), and for postdoctoral funds from Jiangsu University (1143002027) and Jiangsu Province (1101039C), China. NR 20 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 67 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 EI 1873-7072 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 132 IS 3 BP 1585 EP 1591 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.106 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 902EW UT WOS:000301022400064 ER PT J AU Pan, LW Zhang, QG Li, X Tian, P AF Pan, Liangwen Zhang, Qigang Li, Xiang Tian, Peng TI Detection of human norovirus in cherry tomatoes, blueberries and vegetable salad by using a receptor-binding capture and magnetic sequestration (RBCMS) method SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Human norovirus (HuNoV); Receptor-binding capture and magnetic sequestration (RBCMS); Quantitative real time RT-PCR (qRTPCR); Virus recovery; Encapsidated viral RNA ID GASTROENTERITIS OUTBREAK; ENTERIC VIRUSES; WATER; ASSAY; RASPBERRIES; BEADS; PCR AB In this study, we developed a sensitive receptor-binding capture and magnetic sequestration (RBCMS) method capable of concentrating human norovirus (HuNoV) from various food samples within few hours. We found that distilled water was suitable for the elution of HuNoV from inoculated tomatoes and blueberries, and glycine buffer improved the elution of HuNoV from inoculated salad. A Significant improvement in post-extraction RNA yield was achieved by sequentially heat-releasing and column-extracting over either technique alone. The viral recovery of the RBCMS method was significantly higher than both the same-day PEG method (90 min PEG precipitation) and the two-day PEG method (overnight PEG precipitation) with a recovery rate of 8.75%, 1.03% and 5.40%, respectively. The detection limit of HuNoV by RBCMS method was significantly improved to 0.056 RTU. The estimated minimal concentration powers (MCPs) were 6.11, 30.48, and 63.60-fold for the same-day PEG, two-day PEG, and RBCMS methods, respectively. RNase protection assay suggests that the viral genome was protected from RNase attack by remaining within the viral capsid. The signal detected by the RBCMS method might be more biologically relevant, as it requires both intact viral capsid to bind to HBGA receptors and the presence of viral genome to be amplified. Overall, the RBCMS method takes significantly less time than current PEG precipitation methods, recovers a higher yield of HuNoV from various food samples, and hence exhibits higher sensitivity. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pan, Liangwen; Zhang, Qigang; Li, Xiang] Shanghai Entry Exit Inspect & Quarantine Bur, Shanghai 200135, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Qigang] E China Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Biotechnol, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China. [Tian, Peng] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Pan, LW (reprint author), Shanghai Entry Exit Inspect & Quarantine Bur, 1208 Minsheng Rd, Shanghai 200135, Peoples R China. EM panlw888@126.com; peng.tian@ars.usda.gov FU General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China [201011(147)]; USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS [5325-42000-021-044, 5325-42000-021-045] FX We want to thank Prof. Zhaojun Duan (National Institute of Viral Disease Control, China CDC, Beijing, China) for providing HuNoV samples and David Yang (Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, WRRC, ARS, USDA, Albany CA, USA) for assisting the manuscript. This work was supported by General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China research project (No. 201011(147). This work was also supported by USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS projects 5325-42000-021-044 and 5325-42000-021-045. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 30 IS 2 BP 420 EP 426 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2011.12.026 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 913SF UT WOS:000301897000011 PM 22365355 ER PT J AU Rakowski, KT AF Rakowski, Kathleen T. TI Thermal inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on catfish and tilapia SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Finfish; Catfish; Tilapia; Escherichia coli O157:H7; Salmonella; Thermal D-values; Z-values ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; HEAT-RESISTANCE; GROUND-BEEF; COLI O157H7; Z-VALUES; SEAFOOD; CHICKEN; FOODS; SPP. AB Thermal inactivation kinetics of individual cocktails of Escherichia call O157:H7, or of Salmonella meat isolates or seafood isolates were determined in catfish and tilapia. Determinations were done at 55, 60 and 65 C using a circulating-water bath and calculated using linear regression analysis. Salmonella seafood and meat isolates D-10 values on the finfish were the same and ranged from 425 to 450, 27.1 to 51.4, 2.04-3.8 s (z = 4.3 degrees C) at 55,60 and 65 degrees C, respectively. The E. coli O157:H7 0-10 values ranged from 422 to 564, 45.2 to 55.5 and 3.3-4.2 s (z = 4.3 degrees C) at 55, 60 and 65 degrees C, respectively. The only statistical difference (P <= 0.05) was found when comparing the D-10 values for E. coli O157:H7 at 55 degrees C on catfish and tilapia. The other D-10 values for the Salmonella at all temperatures and E. coli O157:H7 at 60 and 65 degrees C on the catfish or tilapia showed no statistical difference. D-10 values for the catfish and tilapia were significantly lower than the reported values in other food systems, but the z-values were within the literature reported range. These D-10 values can be used to determine cooking parameters of finfish. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ARS, Food Safety & Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Rakowski, KT (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety & Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Kathleen.rajkowski@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 EI 1095-9998 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 30 IS 2 BP 427 EP 431 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2011.12.019 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 913SF UT WOS:000301897000012 PM 22365356 ER PT J AU Martinelli, F Uratsu, SL Albrecht, U Reagan, RL Phu, ML Britton, M Buffalo, V Fass, J Leicht, E Zhao, WX Lin, DW D'Souza, R Davis, CE Bowman, KD Dandekar, AM AF Martinelli, Federico Uratsu, Sandra L. Albrecht, Ute Reagan, Russell L. Phu, My L. Britton, Monica Buffalo, Vincent Fass, Joseph Leicht, Elizabeth Zhao, Weixiang Lin, Dawei D'Souza, Raissa Davis, Cristina E. Bowman, Kim D. Dandekar, Abhaya M. TI Transcriptome Profiling of Citrus Fruit Response to Huanglongbing Disease SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CANDIDATUS-LIBERIBACTER-ASIATICUS; SAO-PAULO STATE; REAL-TIME PCR; GENE-EXPRESSION; PLANT IMMUNITY; CROSS-TALK; ARABIDOPSIS; PROTEIN; SUGAR; SEQUENCE AB Huanglongbing (HLB) or "citrus greening" is the most destructive citrus disease worldwide. In this work, we studied host responses of citrus to infection with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CaLas) using next-generation sequencing technologies. A deep mRNA profile was obtained from peel of healthy and HLB-affected fruit. It was followed by pathway and protein-protein network analysis and quantitative real time PCR analysis of highly regulated genes. We identified differentially regulated pathways and constructed networks that provide a deep insight into the metabolism of affected fruit. Data mining revealed that HLB enhanced transcription of genes involved in the light reactions of photosynthesis and in ATP synthesis. Activation of protein degradation and misfolding processes were observed at the transcriptomic level. Transcripts for heat shock proteins were down-regulated at all disease stages, resulting in further protein misfolding. HLB strongly affected pathways involved in source-sink communication, including sucrose and starch metabolism and hormone synthesis and signaling. Transcription of several genes involved in the synthesis and signal transduction of cytokinins and gibberellins was repressed while that of genes involved in ethylene pathways was induced. CaLas infection triggered a response via both the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid pathways and increased the transcript abundance of several members of the WRKY family of transcription factors. Findings focused on the fruit provide valuable insight to understanding the mechanisms of the HLB-induced fruit disorder and eventually developing methods based on small molecule applications to mitigate its devastating effects on fruit production. C1 [Martinelli, Federico; Uratsu, Sandra L.; Reagan, Russell L.; Phu, My L.; Dandekar, Abhaya M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Albrecht, Ute; Bowman, Kim D.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Leicht, Elizabeth; Zhao, Weixiang; D'Souza, Raissa; Davis, Cristina E.] Univ Calif Davis, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Leicht, Elizabeth; D'Souza, Raissa] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Britton, Monica; Buffalo, Vincent; Fass, Joseph; Lin, Dawei] Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Martinelli, Federico] Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Sistemi Agroambientali, Palermo, Italy. RP Martinelli, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM amdandekar@ucdavis.edu RI Davis, Cristina/C-4437-2008; Martinelli, Federico/F-7697-2013 FU Florida Citrus Advanced Technology Program FX This work was supported by a grant received from the Florida Citrus Advanced Technology Program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 68 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 49 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 31 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e38039 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0038039 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959TY UT WOS:000305338500080 PM 22675433 ER PT J AU Sato, S Tabata, S Hirakawa, H Asamizu, E Shirasawa, K Isobe, S Kaneko, T Nakamura, Y Shibata, D Aoki, K Egholm, M Knight, J Bogden, R Li, CB Shuang, Y Xu, X Pan, SK Cheng, SF Liu, X Ren, YY Wang, J Albiero, A Dal Pero, F Todesco, S Van Eck, J Buels, RM Bombarely, A Gosselin, JR Huang, MY Leto, JA Menda, N Strickler, S Mao, LY Gao, S Tecle, IY York, T Zheng, Y Vrebalov, JT Lee, J Zhong, SL Mueller, LA Stiekema, WJ Ribeca, P Alioto, T Yang, WC Huang, SW Du, YC Zhang, ZH Gao, JC Guo, YM Wang, XX Li, Y He, J Li, CY Cheng, ZK Zuo, JR Ren, JF Zhao, JH Yan, LH Jiang, HL Wang, B Li, HS Li, ZJ Fu, FY Chen, BT Han, B Feng, Q Fan, DL Wang, Y Ling, HQ Xue, YBA Ware, D McCombie, WR Lippman, ZB Chia, JM Jiang, K Pasternak, S Gelley, L Kramer, M Anderson, LK Chang, SB Royer, SM Shearer, LA Stack, SM Rose, JKC Xu, YM Eannetta, N Matas, AJ McQuinn, R Tanksley, SD Camara, F Guigo, R Rombauts, S Fawcett, J Van de Peer, Y Zamir, D Liang, CB Spannagl, M Gundlach, H Bruggmann, R Mayer, K Jia, ZQ Zhang, JH Ye, ZBA Bishop, GJ Butcher, S Lopez-Cobollo, R Buchan, D Filippis, I Abbott, J Dixit, R Singh, M Singh, A Pal, JK Pandit, A Singh, PK Mahato, AK Dogra, V Gaikwad, K Sharma, TR Mohapatra, T Singh, NK Causse, M Rothan, C Schiex, T Noirot, C Bellec, A Klopp, C Delalande, C Berges, H Mariette, J Frasse, P Vautrin, S Zouine, M Latche, A Rousseau, C Regad, F Pech, JC Philippot, M Bouzayen, M Pericard, P Osorio, S del Carmen, AF Monforte, A Granell, A Fernandez-Munoz, R Conte, M Lichtenstein, G Carrari, F De Bellis, G Fuligni, F Peano, C Grandillo, S Termolino, P Pietrella, M Fantini, E Falcone, G Fiore, A Giuliano, G Lopez, L Facella, P Perrotta, G Daddiego, L Bryan, G Orozco, M Pastor, X Torrents, D van Schriek, KNVMGM Feron, RMC van Oeveren, J de Heer, P daPonte, L Jacobs-Oomen, S Cariaso, M Prins, M van Eijk, MJT Janssen, A van Haaren, MJJ Jo, SH Kim, J Kwon, SY Kim, S Koo, DH Lee, S Hur, CG Clouser, C Rico, A Hallab, A Gebhardt, C Klee, K Jocker, A Warfsmann, J Gobel, U Kawamura, S Yano, K Sherman, JD Fukuoka, H Negoro, S Bhutty, S Chowdhury, P Chattopadhyay, D Datema, E Smit, S Schijlen, EWM van de Belt, J van Haarst, JC Peters, SA van Staveren, MJ Henkens, MHC Mooyman, PJW Hesselink, T van Ham, RCHJ Jiang, GY Droege, M Choi, D Kang, BC Kim, BD Park, M Kim, S Yeom, SI Lee, YH Choi, YD Li, GC Gao, JW Liu, YS Huang, SX Fernandez-Pedrosa, V Collado, C Zuniga, S Wang, GP Cade, R Dietrich, RA Rogers, J Knapp, S Fei, ZJ White, RA Thannhauser, TW Giovannoni, JJ Botella, MA Gilbert, L Gonzalez, R Goicoechea, JL Yu, Y Kudrna, D Collura, K Wissotski, M Wing, R Schoof, H Meyers, BC Gurazada, AB Green, PJ Mathur, S Vyas, S Solanke, AU Kumar, R Gupta, V Sharma, AK Khurana, P Khurana, JP Tyagi, AK Dalmay, T Mohorianu, I Walts, B Chamala, S Barbazuk, WB Li, JP Guo, H Lee, TH Wang, YP Zhang, D Paterson, AH Wang, XY Tang, HB Barone, A Chiusano, ML Ercolano, MR D'Agostino, N Di Filippo, M Traini, A Sanseverino, W Frusciante, L Seymour, GB Elharam, M Fu, Y Hua, A Kenton, S Lewis, J Lin, SP Najar, F Lai, HS Qin, BF Qu, CM Shi, RH White, D White, J Xing, YB Yang, KQ Yi, J Yao, ZY Zhou, LP Roe, BA Vezzi, A D'Angelo, M Zimbello, R Schiavon, R Caniato, E Rigobello, C Campagna, D Vitulo, N Valle, G Nelson, DR De Paoli, E Szinay, D de Jong, HH Bai, YL Visser, RGF Lankhorst, RMK Beasley, H McLaren, K Nicholson, C Riddle, C Gianese, G AF Sato, Shusei Tabata, Satoshi Hirakawa, Hideki Asamizu, Erika Shirasawa, Kenta Isobe, Sachiko Kaneko, Takakazu Nakamura, Yasukazu Shibata, Daisuke Aoki, Koh Egholm, Michael Knight, James Bogden, Robert Li, Changbao Shuang, Yang Xu, Xun Pan, Shengkai Cheng, Shifeng Liu, Xin Ren, Yuanyuan Wang, Jun Albiero, Alessandro Dal Pero, Francesca Todesco, Sara Van Eck, Joyce Buels, Robert M. Bombarely, Aureliano Gosselin, Joseph R. Huang, Minyun Leto, Jonathan A. Menda, Naama Strickler, Susan Mao, Linyong Gao, Shan Tecle, Isaak Y. York, Thomas Zheng, Yi Vrebalov, Julia T. Lee, JeMin Zhong, Silin Mueller, Lukas A. Stiekema, Willem J. Ribeca, Paolo Alioto, Tyler Yang, Wencai Huang, Sanwen Du, Yongchen Zhang, Zhonghua Gao, Jianchang Guo, Yanmei Wang, Xiaoxuan Li, Ying He, Jun Li, Chuanyou Cheng, Zhukuan Zuo, Jianru Ren, Jianfeng Zhao, Jiuhai Yan, Liuhua Jiang, Hongling Wang, Bao Li, Hongshuang Li, Zhenjun Fu, Fuyou Chen, Bingtang Han, Bin Feng, Qi Fan, Danlin Wang, Ying Ling, Hongqing Xue, Yongbiao Ware, Doreen McCombie, W. Richard Lippman, Zachary B. Chia, Jer-Ming Jiang, Ke Pasternak, Shiran Gelley, Laura Kramer, Melissa Anderson, Lorinda K. Chang, Song-Bin Royer, Suzanne M. Shearer, Lindsay A. Stack, Stephen M. Rose, Jocelyn K. C. Xu, Yimin Eannetta, Nancy Matas, Antonio J. McQuinn, Ryan Tanksley, Steven D. Camara, Francisco Guigo, Roderic Rombauts, Stephane Fawcett, Jeffrey Van de Peer, Yves Zamir, Dani Liang, Chunbo Spannagl, Manuel Gundlach, Heidrun Bruggmann, Remy Mayer, Klaus Jia, Zhiqi Zhang, Junhong Ye, Zhibiao Bishop, Gerard J. Butcher, Sarah Lopez-Cobollo, Rosa Buchan, Daniel Filippis, Ioannis Abbott, James Dixit, Rekha Singh, Manju Singh, Archana Pal, Jitendra Kumar Pandit, Awadhesh Singh, Pradeep Kumar Mahato, Ajay Kumar Dogra, Vivek Gaikwad, Kishor Sharma, Tilak Raj Mohapatra, Trilochan Singh, Nagendra Kumar Causse, Mathilde Rothan, Christophe Schiex, Thomas Noirot, Celine Bellec, Arnaud Klopp, Christophe Delalande, Corinne Berges, Helene Mariette, Jerome Frasse, Pierre Vautrin, Sonia Zouine, Mohamed Latche, Alain Rousseau, Christine Regad, Farid Pech, Jean-Claude Philippot, Murielle Bouzayen, Mondher Pericard, Pierre Osorio, Sonia Fernandez del Carmen, Asuncion Monforte, Antonio Granell, Antonio Fernandez-Munoz, Rafael Conte, Mariana Lichtenstein, Gabriel Carrari, Fernando De Bellis, Gianluca Fuligni, Fabio Peano, Clelia Grandillo, Silvana Termolino, Pasquale Pietrella, Marco Fantini, Elio Falcone, Giulia Fiore, Alessia Giuliano, Giovanni Lopez, Loredana Facella, Paolo Perrotta, Gaetano Daddiego, Loretta Bryan, Glenn Orozco, Modesto Pastor, Xavier Torrents, David van Schriek, Keygene N. V. Marco G. M. Feron, Richard M. C. van Oeveren, Jan de Heer, Peter daPonte, Lorena Jacobs-Oomen, Saskia Cariaso, Mike Prins, Marcel van Eijk, Michiel J. T. Janssen, Antoine van Haaren, Mark J. J. Jo, Sung-Hwan Kim, Jungeun Kwon, Suk-Yoon Kim, Sangmi Koo, Dal-Hoe Lee, Sanghyeob Hur, Cheol-Goo Clouser, Christopher Rico, Alain Hallab, Asis Gebhardt, Christiane Klee, Kathrin Joecker, Anika Warfsmann, Jens Goebel, Ulrike Kawamura, Shingo Yano, Kentaro Sherman, Jamie D. Fukuoka, Hiroyuki Negoro, Satomi Bhutty, Sarita Chowdhury, Parul Chattopadhyay, Debasis Datema, Erwin Smit, Sandra Schijlen, Eliog. W. M. van de Belt, Jose van Haarst, Jan C. Peters, Sander A. van Staveren, Marjo J. Henkens, Marleen H. C. Mooyman, Paul J. W. Hesselink, Thamara van Ham, Roeland C. H. J. Jiang, Guoyong Droege, Marcus Choi, Doil Kang, Byung-Cheol Kim, Byung Dong Park, Minkyu Kim, Seungill Yeom, Seon-In Lee, Yong-Hwan Choi, Yang-Do Li, Guangcun Gao, Jianwei Liu, Yongsheng Huang, Shengxiong Fernandez-Pedrosa, Victoria Collado, Carmen Zuniga, Sheila Wang, Guoping Cade, Rebecca Dietrich, Robert A. Rogers, Jane Knapp, Sandra Fei, Zhangjun White, Ruth A. Thannhauser, Theodore W. Giovannoni, James J. Angel Botella, Miguel Gilbert, Louise Gonzalez, Ramon Goicoechea, Jose Luis Yu, Yeisoo Kudrna, David Collura, Kristi Wissotski, Marina Wing, Rod Schoof, Heiko Meyers, Blake C. Gurazada, Aishwarya Bala Green, Pamela J. Mathur, Saloni Vyas, Shailendra Solanke, Amolkumar U. Kumar, Rahul Gupta, Vikrant Sharma, Arun K. Khurana, Paramjit Khurana, Jitendra P. Tyagi, Akhilesh K. Dalmay, Tamas Mohorianu, Irina Walts, Brandon Chamala, Srikar Barbazuk, W. Brad Li, Jingping Guo, Hui Lee, Tae-Ho Wang, Yupeng Zhang, Dong Paterson, Andrew H. Wang, Xiyin Tang, Haibao Barone, Amalia Chiusano, Maria Luisa Ercolano, Maria Raffaella D'Agostino, Nunzio Di Filippo, Miriam Traini, Alessandra Sanseverino, Walter Frusciante, Luigi Seymour, Graham B. Elharam, Mounir Fu, Ying Hua, Axin Kenton, Steven Lewis, Jennifer Lin, Shaoping Najar, Fares Lai, Hongshing Qin, Baifang Qu, Chunmei Shi, Ruihua White, Douglas White, James Xing, Yanbo Yang, Keqin Yi, Jing Yao, Ziyun Zhou, Liping Roe, Bruce A. Vezzi, Alessandro D'Angelo, Michela Zimbello, Rosanna Schiavon, Riccardo Caniato, Elisa Rigobello, Chiara Campagna, Davide Vitulo, Nicola Valle, Giorgio Nelson, David R. De Paoli, Emanuele Szinay, Dora de Jong, Hans H. Bai, Yuling Visser, Richard G. F. Lankhorst, Rene M. Klein Beasley, Helen McLaren, Karen Nicholson, Christine Riddle, Claire Gianese, Giulio CA Tomato Genome Consortium TI The tomato genome sequence provides insights into fleshy fruit evolution SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; GENE; DIVERSIFICATION; ARABIDOPSIS; PATTERNS; ORTHOLOG; HISTORY; SORGHUM; POTATO AB Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a major crop plant and a model system for fruit development. Solanum is one of the largest angiosperm genera(1) and includes annual and perennial plants from diverse habitats. Here we present a high-quality genome sequence of domesticated tomato, a draft sequence of its closest wild relative, Solanum pimpinellifolium(2), and compare them to each other and to the potato genome (Solanum tuberosum). The two tomato genomes show only 0.6% nucleotide divergence and signs of recent admixture, but show more than 8% divergence from potato, with nine large and several smaller inversions. In contrast to Arabidopsis, but similar to soybean, tomato and potato small RNAs map predominantly to gene-rich chromosomal regions, including gene promoters. The Solanum lineage has experienced two consecutive genome triplications: one that is ancient and shared with rosids, and a more recent one. These triplications set the stage for the neofunctionalization of genes controlling fruit characteristics, such as colour and fleshiness. C1 [Sato, Shusei; Tabata, Satoshi; Hirakawa, Hideki; Asamizu, Erika; Shirasawa, Kenta; Isobe, Sachiko; Kaneko, Takakazu; Nakamura, Yasukazu; Shibata, Daisuke; Aoki, Koh] Kazusa DNA Res Inst, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 2920818, Japan. [Egholm, Michael; Knight, James] 454 Life Sci, Branford, CT 06405 USA. [Bogden, Robert] Amplicon Express Inc, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. [Li, Changbao] Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Beijing Vegetable Res Ctr, Beijing 100097, Peoples R China. [Shuang, Yang; Xu, Xun; Pan, Shengkai; Cheng, Shifeng; Liu, Xin; Ren, Yuanyuan; Wang, Jun] BGI Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Peoples R China. [Li, Changbao; Han, Bin; Feng, Qi; Fan, Danlin] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Ctr Gene Res, Shanghai 200233, Peoples R China. [Albiero, Alessandro; Dal Pero, Francesca; Todesco, Sara] BMR Genom SrL, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Van Eck, Joyce; Buels, Robert M.; Bombarely, Aureliano; Gosselin, Joseph R.; Huang, Minyun; Leto, Jonathan A.; Menda, Naama; Strickler, Susan; Mao, Linyong; Gao, Shan; Tecle, Isaak Y.; York, Thomas; Zheng, Yi; Vrebalov, Julia T.; Lee, JeMin; Zhong, Silin; Mueller, Lukas A.; Fei, Zhangjun; White, Ruth A.; Thannhauser, Theodore W.; Giovannoni, James J.] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Stiekema, Willem J.] Ctr BioSyst Genom, NL-6700 AB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Ribeca, Paolo; Alioto, Tyler] CNAG, Barcelona 08028, Spain. [Yang, Wencai] China Agr Univ, Coll Agron & Biotechnol, Dept Vegetable Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Huang, Sanwen; Du, Yongchen; Zhang, Zhonghua; Gao, Jianchang; Guo, Yanmei; Wang, Xiaoxuan; Li, Ying; He, Jun] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Vegetables & Flowers, Sinodutch Joint Lab Hort Genom Technol, Key Lab Hort Crops Genet Improvement,Minist Agr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Li, Chuanyou; Cheng, Zhukuan; Zuo, Jianru; Ren, Jianfeng; Zhao, Jiuhai; Yan, Liuhua; Jiang, Hongling; Wang, Bao; Li, Hongshuang; Li, Zhenjun; Fu, Fuyou; Chen, Bingtang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, State Key Lab Plant Genom, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Li, Chuanyou; Cheng, Zhukuan; Zuo, Jianru; Ren, Jianfeng; Zhao, Jiuhai; Yan, Liuhua; Jiang, Hongling; Wang, Bao; Li, Hongshuang; Li, Zhenjun; Fu, Fuyou; Chen, Bingtang; Ling, Hongqing; Xue, Yongbiao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Natl Ctr Plant Gene Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Wang, Ying] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Bot Garden, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Ling, Hongqing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, State Key Lab Plant Cell & Chromosome Engn, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Xue, Yongbiao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Mol & Dev Biol Lab, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. [Ware, Doreen; McCombie, W. Richard; Lippman, Zachary B.; Chia, Jer-Ming; Jiang, Ke; Pasternak, Shiran; Gelley, Laura; Kramer, Melissa] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Anderson, Lorinda K.; Royer, Suzanne M.; Shearer, Lindsay A.; Stack, Stephen M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Chang, Song-Bin] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Agron, Taipei 107, Taiwan. [Rose, Jocelyn K. C.; Xu, Yimin; Eannetta, Nancy; Matas, Antonio J.; McQuinn, Ryan; Tanksley, Steven D.; Giovannoni, James J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Camara, Francisco; Guigo, Roderic] Univ Pompeu Fabra, CRG, Genome Bioinformat Lab, GRIB IMIM, Barcelona 08003, Spain. [Rombauts, Stephane; Fawcett, Jeffrey; Van de Peer, Yves] Univ Ghent VIB, Dept Plant Biotechnol & Bioinformat, Dept Plant Syst Biol, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. [Zamir, Dani] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Liang, Chunbo] Heilongjiang Acad Agr Sci, Inst Ind Crops, Harbin 150086, Peoples R China. [Spannagl, Manuel; Gundlach, Heidrun; Bruggmann, Remy; Mayer, Klaus] Helmholtz Ctr Hlth & Environm, Inst Bioinformat & Syst Biol MIPS, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Jia, Zhiqi] Henan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Zhengzhou 450002, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Junhong; Ye, Zhibiao] Huazhong Agr Univ, Natl Key Lab Crop Genet Improvement, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. [Bishop, Gerard J.; Butcher, Sarah; Lopez-Cobollo, Rosa; Buchan, Daniel; Filippis, Ioannis; Abbott, James] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Life Sci, London SW7 1AZ, England. [Dixit, Rekha; Singh, Manju; Singh, Archana; Pal, Jitendra Kumar; Pandit, Awadhesh; Singh, Pradeep Kumar; Mahato, Ajay Kumar; Dogra, Vivek; Gaikwad, Kishor; Sharma, Tilak Raj; Mohapatra, Trilochan; Singh, Nagendra Kumar] Indian Agr Res Inst, NRC Plant Biotechnol, New Delhi 110012, India. [Causse, Mathilde] INRA, Genet & Ameliorat Fruits & Legumes UR1052, F-84143 Montfavet, France. [Rothan, Christophe] INRA, Biol Fruit & Pathol, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. [Schiex, Thomas; Noirot, Celine] INRA, Unite Biometrie & Intelligence Artificielle UR 87, F-31320 Castanet Tolosan, France. [Bellec, Arnaud; Berges, Helene; Vautrin, Sonia] INRA CNRGV, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. [Klopp, Christophe; Mariette, Jerome] INRA, Biometrie & Intelligence Artificielle UR875, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. [Delalande, Corinne; Frasse, Pierre; Zouine, Mohamed; Latche, Alain; Rousseau, Christine; Regad, Farid; Pech, Jean-Claude; Philippot, Murielle; Bouzayen, Mondher] Univ Toulouse, Inst Natl Polytech Toulouse ENSAT, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. [Pericard, Pierre; Osorio, Sonia; Fernandez del Carmen, Asuncion; Monforte, Antonio; Granell, Antonio] Inst Biol Mol & Celular Plantas CSIC UPV, Valencia 46022, Spain. [Fernandez-Munoz, Rafael] Univ Malaga, CSIC, UMA, IHSM,Inst Hortofruticultura Subtrop & Mediterrane, Algarrobo Costa 29750, Malaga, Spain. [De Bellis, Gianluca; Fuligni, Fabio; Peano, Clelia] Natl Res Council Italy, Inst Biomed Technol, I-20090 Milan, Italy. [Grandillo, Silvana; Termolino, Pasquale] Natl Res Council Italy, Inst Plant Genet, Res Div Portici, I-80055 Naples, Italy. [Pietrella, Marco; Fantini, Elio; Falcone, Giulia; Fiore, Alessia; Giuliano, Giovanni] ENEA, Casaccia Res Ctr, I-00123 Rome, Italy. [Pietrella, Marco] Scuola Super Sant Anna, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Lopez, Loredana; Facella, Paolo; Perrotta, Gaetano; Daddiego, Loretta] ENEA, Trisaia Res Ctr, I-75026 Rotondella, Matera, Italy. [Bryan, Glenn] James Hutton Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. [Orozco, Modesto; Pastor, Xavier; Torrents, David] Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Barcelona 08034, Spain. [Orozco, Modesto] Inst Biomed Res, Barcelona 08028, Spain. [Torrents, David] Pg Lluis Co, ICREA, Barcelona 08010, Spain. [van Schriek, Keygene N. V. Marco G. M.; Feron, Richard M. C.; van Oeveren, Jan; de Heer, Peter; daPonte, Lorena; Jacobs-Oomen, Saskia; Cariaso, Mike; Prins, Marcel; van Eijk, Michiel J. T.; Janssen, Antoine; van Haaren, Mark J. J.; Datema, Erwin; van Ham, Roeland C. H. J.] Keygene NV, NL-6708 PW Wageningen, Netherlands. [Jo, Sung-Hwan; Kim, Jungeun; Kwon, Suk-Yoon; Kim, Sangmi; Koo, Dal-Hoe; Lee, Sanghyeob; Hur, Cheol-Goo] Korea Res Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, Plant Syst Engn Res Ctr, Taejon 305806, South Korea. [Clouser, Christopher] Life Technol, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. [Rico, Alain] Life Technol, F-91943 Courtaboeuf 3, France. [Hallab, Asis; Gebhardt, Christiane; Klee, Kathrin; Joecker, Anika; Warfsmann, Jens; Goebel, Ulrike] Max Planck Inst Plant Breeding Res, D-50829 Cologne, Germany. [Kawamura, Shingo; Yano, Kentaro] Meiji Univ, Sch Agr, Tama Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2148571, Japan. [Sherman, Jamie D.] Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Fukuoka, Hiroyuki; Negoro, Satomi] NARO Inst Vegetable & Tea Sci, Tsu, Mie 5142392, Japan. [Bhutty, Sarita; Chowdhury, Parul; Chattopadhyay, Debasis] Natl Inst Plant Genome Res, New Delhi 110067, India. [Datema, Erwin; Smit, Sandra; Schijlen, Eliog. W. M.; van de Belt, Jose; van Haarst, Jan C.; Peters, Sander A.; van Staveren, Marjo J.; Henkens, Marleen H. C.; Mooyman, Paul J. W.; Hesselink, Thamara; van Ham, Roeland C. H. J.] Plant Res Int, Business Unit Biosci, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Jiang, Guoyong] Qingdao Agr Univ, Inst Plant Genet Engn, Qingdao 266109, Peoples R China. [Droege, Marcus] Roche Appl Sci, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany. [Choi, Doil; Kang, Byung-Cheol; Kim, Byung Dong; Park, Minkyu; Kim, Seungill; Yeom, Seon-In] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Seoul 151921, South Korea. [Choi, Doil; Kang, Byung-Cheol; Kim, Byung Dong; Park, Minkyu; Kim, Seungill; Yeom, Seon-In] Seoul Natl Univ, Plant Genom & Breeding Inst, Seoul 151921, South Korea. [Lee, Yong-Hwan] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151921, South Korea. [Choi, Yang-Do] Seoul Natl Univ, Crop Funct Genom Ctr, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Seoul 151921, South Korea. [Li, Guangcun] Shandong Acad Agr Sci, High Tech Res Ctr, Jinan 250000, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Gao, Jianwei] Shandong Acad Agr Sci, Inst Vegetables, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Liu, Yongsheng; Huang, Shengxiong] Sichuan Univ, Sch Life Sci, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, Peoples R China. [Fernandez-Pedrosa, Victoria; Collado, Carmen; Zuniga, Sheila] Sistemas Genom, Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain. [Wang, Guoping] S China Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Cade, Rebecca; Dietrich, Robert A.] Syngenta Biotechnol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Rogers, Jane] Genome Anal Ctr, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. [Knapp, Sandra] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Bot, London SW7 5BD, England. [Fei, Zhangjun; White, Ruth A.; Thannhauser, Theodore W.; Giovannoni, James J.] USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Angel Botella, Miguel; Gilbert, Louise] Inst Hortofruticultura Subtrop & Mediterranea, Dept Biol Mol & Bioquim, Malaga 29071, Spain. [Gonzalez, Ramon] Univ Pompeu Fabra, Ctr Regulacio Genom, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. [Goicoechea, Jose Luis; Yu, Yeisoo; Kudrna, David; Collura, Kristi; Wissotski, Marina; Wing, Rod] Univ Arizona, Sch Plant Sci, Inst Collaborat Res BIO 5, Arizona Genom Inst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Schoof, Heiko] Univ Bonn, Inst Crop Sci & Resource Conservat, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. [Meyers, Blake C.; Gurazada, Aishwarya Bala; Green, Pamela J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19711 USA. [Meyers, Blake C.; Gurazada, Aishwarya Bala; Green, Pamela J.] Univ Delaware, Delaware Biotechnol Inst, Newark, DE 19711 USA. [Mathur, Saloni; Vyas, Shailendra; Solanke, Amolkumar U.; Kumar, Rahul; Gupta, Vikrant; Sharma, Arun K.; Khurana, Paramjit; Khurana, Jitendra P.; Tyagi, Akhilesh K.] Univ Delhi S Campus, Interdisciplinary Ctr Plant Genom, New Delhi 110021, India. [Mathur, Saloni; Vyas, Shailendra; Solanke, Amolkumar U.; Kumar, Rahul; Gupta, Vikrant; Sharma, Arun K.; Khurana, Paramjit; Khurana, Jitendra P.; Tyagi, Akhilesh K.] Univ Delhi S Campus, Dept Plant Mol Biol, New Delhi 110021, India. [Dalmay, Tamas] Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Mohorianu, Irina] Univ E Anglia, Sch Comp Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Walts, Brandon; Chamala, Srikar; Barbazuk, W. Brad] UF Genet Inst, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Walts, Brandon; Chamala, Srikar; Barbazuk, W. Brad] Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Li, Jingping; Guo, Hui; Lee, Tae-Ho; Wang, Yupeng; Zhang, Dong; Paterson, Andrew H.; Wang, Xiyin; Tang, Haibao] Univ Georgia, Plan Genome Mapping Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Wang, Xiyin] Hebei United Univ, Sch Life Sci, Ctr Genom & Computat Biol, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, Peoples R China. [Wang, Xiyin] Hebei United Univ, Sch Sci, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, Peoples R China. [Tang, Haibao] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Barone, Amalia; Chiusano, Maria Luisa; Ercolano, Maria Raffaella; D'Agostino, Nunzio; Di Filippo, Miriam; Traini, Alessandra; Sanseverino, Walter; Frusciante, Luigi] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Soil Plant Environm & Anim Prod Sci, I-80055 Naples, Italy. [Seymour, Graham B.] Univ Nottingham, Div Plant & Crop Sci, Loughborough LE12 5RD, Leics, England. [Elharam, Mounir; Fu, Ying; Hua, Axin; Kenton, Steven; Lewis, Jennifer; Lin, Shaoping; Najar, Fares; Lai, Hongshing; Qin, Baifang; Qu, Chunmei; Shi, Ruihua; White, Douglas; White, James; Xing, Yanbo; Yang, Keqin; Yi, Jing; Yao, Ziyun; Zhou, Liping; Roe, Bruce A.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Chem & Biochem, Stephenson Res & Technol Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Vezzi, Alessandro; D'Angelo, Michela; Zimbello, Rosanna; Schiavon, Riccardo; Caniato, Elisa; Rigobello, Chiara; Campagna, Davide; Vitulo, Nicola; Valle, Giorgio] Univ Padua, CRIBI, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Nelson, David R.] Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Biochem, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [De Paoli, Emanuele] Univ Udine, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Szinay, Dora; de Jong, Hans H.] Wageningen Univ, Genet Lab, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Szinay, Dora; Bai, Yuling; Visser, Richard G. F.] Wageningen Univ, Lab Plant Breeding, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Beasley, Helen; McLaren, Karen; Nicholson, Christine; Riddle, Claire] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England. [Gianese, Giulio] Ylichron SrL, Casaccia Res Ctr, I-00123 Rome, Italy. RP Sato, S (reprint author), Kazusa DNA Res Inst, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 2920818, Japan. RI Zheng, Yi/F-6150-2016; Tang, Haibao/A-6715-2011; D'Agostino, Nunzio/A-6071-2017; Granell, Antonio/G-3664-2010; Seymour, Graham/N-4539-2014; Sato, Shusei/A-3616-2015; Termolino, Pasquale/B-7668-2015; Smit, Sandra/E-6787-2010; Camara Ferreira, Francisco/G-9841-2015; Guigo, Roderic/D-1303-2010; Alioto, Tyler/K-7267-2015; MONFORTE, Antonio Jose/B-4784-2009; zhong, silin/O-7029-2015; Giuliano, Giovanni/A-2701-2012; Wang, Jun/C-8434-2016; Meyers, Blake/B-6535-2012; Mayer, Klaus/M-7941-2015; Wang, Jun/B-9503-2016; Fernandez-Munoz, Rafael/F-3714-2010; Torrents, David/G-5785-2015; Matas Arroyo, Antonio Javier/A-9325-2008; Wang, Yupeng/B-7986-2009; Menda, Naama/G-2915-2012; Choi, Doil/F-5002-2011; Van de Peer, Yves/D-4388-2009; Visser, Richard/B-3423-2012; Yang, Wencai/G-6517-2011; Knapp, Sandra/A-4856-2011; Filippis, Ioannis/D-7687-2013; De Bellis, Gianluca/H-9725-2013; Yeom, Seon-In/D-5420-2013; Bombarely, Aureliano/C-6580-2009; Rombauts, Stephane/D-7640-2014 OI LICHTENSTEIN, GABRIEL/0000-0002-2974-6717; Zuniga, Sheila/0000-0002-3272-7605; York, Thomas/0000-0002-6829-5816; Abbott, James/0000-0001-7701-4249; Vitulo, Nicola/0000-0002-9571-0747; Chamala, Srikar/0000-0001-6367-7615; Botella, Miguel Angel/0000-0002-8867-1831; Lippman, Zachary/0000-0001-7668-9025; Shirasawa, Kenta/0000-0001-7880-6221; Seymour, Graham/0000-0001-8365-4947; Zheng, Yi/0000-0002-8042-7770; Tang, Haibao/0000-0002-3460-8570; D'Agostino, Nunzio/0000-0001-9840-3817; Osorio, Sonia/0000-0002-0159-6091; Walts, Brandon/0000-0002-0215-0745; Fantini, Elio/0000-0001-6481-7560; Huang, Sanwen/0000-0002-8547-5309; Orozco Lopez, Modesto/0000-0002-8608-3278; Pietrella, Marco/0000-0002-8789-6860; Guo, Hui/0000-0001-7830-8564; van Haarst, Jan/0000-0003-0307-1245; Sato, Shusei/0000-0002-0293-5366; Termolino, Pasquale/0000-0003-0272-0901; Camara Ferreira, Francisco/0000-0002-1971-5466; Guigo, Roderic/0000-0002-5738-4477; Alioto, Tyler/0000-0002-2960-5420; MONFORTE, Antonio Jose/0000-0003-3461-3094; zhong, silin/0000-0002-0198-7383; Giuliano, Giovanni/0000-0002-2486-0510; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-8540-8931; Meyers, Blake/0000-0003-3436-6097; Mayer, Klaus/0000-0001-6484-1077; Sanseverino, Walter/0000-0003-3324-5912; VALLE, GIORGIO/0000-0003-4377-5685; Wing, Rod/0000-0001-6633-6226; Christophe, KLOPP/0000-0001-7126-5477; Lee, Je Min/0000-0002-0446-1336; Fernandez-del-Carmen, Maria Asuncion/0000-0002-9202-4960; Nelson, David/0000-0003-0583-5421; McCombie, W. Richard/0000-0003-1899-0682; Choi, Yang Do/0000-0003-4706-5154; Mohorianu, Irina/0000-0003-4863-761X; ROTHAN, Christophe/0000-0002-6831-2823; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-2113-5874; Fernandez-Munoz, Rafael/0000-0002-4054-8949; barone, amalia/0000-0002-5555-1999; Torrents, David/0000-0002-6086-9037; Chiusano, Maria Luisa/0000-0002-6296-7132; Nakamura, Yasukazu/0000-0002-6782-5715; Matas Arroyo, Antonio Javier/0000-0003-4348-3930; Wang, Yupeng/0000-0002-3002-8069; Van de Peer, Yves/0000-0003-4327-3730; Visser, Richard/0000-0002-0213-4016; Knapp, Sandra/0000-0001-7698-3945; De Bellis, Gianluca/0000-0002-1622-4477; Yeom, Seon-In/0000-0002-8385-0179; Bombarely, Aureliano/0000-0001-6257-8914; Rombauts, Stephane/0000-0002-3985-4981 FU Argentina: INTA; Argentina: CONICET; Belgium: Flemish Institute for Biotechnology; Belgium: Ghent University; China: The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ministry of Science and Technology [2006AA10A116, 2004CB720405, 2006CB101907, 2007DFB30080]; Ministry of Agriculture [2007-Z5]; National Natural Science Foundation [36171319]; Postdoctoral Science Foundation [20070420446]; European Union [EU-SOL PL 016214]; France: Institute National de la Recherche Agronomique; France: Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Germany: the Max Planck Society; India: Department of Biotechnology, Government of India; Indian Council of Agricultural Research; Italy: Ministry of Research; Ministry of Agriculture; FILAS foundation; ENEA; CNR-ENEA [L. 191/2009]; Japan: Kazusa DNA Research Institute Foundation; Japan: National Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science; Korea: KRIBB; Korea: Crop Functional Genomics Research Center (CFGC), MEST; Netherlands: Centre for BioSystemsGenomics, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research; Spain: Fundacion Genoma Espana; Cajamar; FEPEX; Fundacion Seneca; ICIA; IFAPA; Fundacion Manrique de Lara; Instituto Nacional de Bioinformatica; UK: BBSRC [BB/C509731/1]; DEFRA; SEERAD; USA: NSF [DBI-0116076, DBI-0421634, DBI-0606595, IOS-0923312, DBI-0820612, DBI-0605659, DEB-0316614, DBI 0849896, MCB 1021718]; USDA [2007-02773, 2007-35300-19739]; USDA-ARS; NSF FX This work was supported by: Argentina: INTA and CONICET. Belgium: Flemish Institute for Biotechnology and Ghent University. China: The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ministry of Science and Technology (2006AA10A116, 2004CB720405, 2006CB101907, 2007DFB30080) Ministry of Agriculture ('948' Program: 2007-Z5); National Natural Science Foundation (36171319); Postdoctoral Science Foundation (20070420446). European Union: FP6 Integrated Project EU-SOL PL 016214. France: Institute National de la Recherche Agronomique and Agence Nationale de la Recherche. Germany: the Max Planck Society. India: Department of Biotechnology, Government of India; Indian Council of Agricultural Research. Italy: Ministry of Research (FIRB-SOL, FIRB-Parallelomics, ItaLyco and GenoPOM projects); Ministry of Agriculture (Agronanotech and Biomassval projects); FILAS foundation; ENEA; CNR-ENEA project L. 191/2009. Japan: Kazusa DNA Research Institute Foundation and National Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science. Korea: KRIBB Basic Research Fund and Crop Functional Genomics Research Center (CFGC), MEST. Netherlands: Centre for BioSystemsGenomics, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research. Spain: Fundacion Genoma Espana; Cajamar; FEPEX; Fundacion Seneca; ICIA; IFAPA; Fundacion Manrique de Lara; Instituto Nacional de Bioinformatica. UK: BBSRC grant BB/C509731/1; DEFRA; SEERAD. USA: NSF (DBI-0116076; DBI-0421634; DBI-0606595; IOS-0923312; DBI-0820612; DBI-0605659; DEB-0316614; DBI 0849896 and MCB 1021718); USDA (2007-02773 and 2007-35300-19739); USDA-ARS. We acknowledge the Potato Genome Sequencing Consortium for sharing data before publication; potato RNA-Seq data was provided by C. R. Buell from the NSF-funded Potato Genome Sequence and Annotation project; tomato RNA-Seq data by the USDA-funded SolCAP project, N. Sinha and J. Maloof; the Amplicon Express team for BAC pooling services; construction of the Whole Genome Profiling (WGP) physical map was supported by EnzaZaden, RijkZwaan, Vilmorin&Cie, and Takii & Co. Keygene N. V. owns patents and patent applications covering its AFLP and Whole Genome Profiling technologies; AFLP and Keygene are registered trademarks of Keygene N. V. The following individuals are also acknowledged for their contribution to the work described: J. Park, B. Wang, C. Niu, D. Liu, F. Cojutti, S. Pescarolo, A. Zambon, G. Xiao, J. Chen, J. Shi, L. Zhang, L. Zeng, M. Caccamo, D. Bolser, D. Martin, M. Gonzalez, P. A. Bedinger, P. A. Covey, P. Pachori, R. R. Pousada, S. Hakim, S. Sims, V. Cahais, W. Long, X. Zhou, Y. Lu, W. Haso, C. Lai, S. Lepp, C. Peluso, H. Teramu, H. De Jong, R. Lizarralde, E. R. May and Z. Li. M. Zabeau is thanked for his support and encouragement and S. van den Brink for her secretarial support. We dedicate this work to the late C. Rick who pioneered tomato genetics, collection of wild germplasm and the distribution of seed and knowledge. NR 28 TC 878 Z9 902 U1 72 U2 642 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 31 PY 2012 VL 485 IS 7400 BP 635 EP 641 DI 10.1038/nature11119 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 949WP UT WOS:000304608000047 ER PT J AU Hughes, SR Moser, BR Robinson, S Cox, EJ Harmsen, AJ Friesen, JA Bischoff, KM Jones, MA Pinkelman, R Bang, SS Tasaki, K Doll, KM Qureshi, N Liu, SQ Saha, BC Jackson, JS Cotta, MA Rich, JO Caimi, P AF Hughes, Stephen R. Moser, Bryan R. Robinson, Samantha Cox, Elby J. Harmsen, Amanda J. Friesen, Jon A. Bischoff, Kenneth M. Jones, Marjorie A. Pinkelman, Rebecca Bang, Sookie S. Tasaki, Ken Doll, Kenneth M. Qureshi, Nasib Liu, Siqing Saha, Badal C. Jackson, John S. Cotta, Michael A. Rich, Joseph O. Caimi, Paolo TI Synthetic resin-bound truncated Candida antarctica lipase B for production of fatty acid alkyl esters by transesterification of corn and soybean oils with ethanol or butanol SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Truncated Candida antarctica lipase B; Transesterification; Resin-supported biocatalyst; Sepabeads (R) ID BIODIESEL FUEL PRODUCTION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; IMMOBILIZED LIPASE; SECONDARY ALCOHOLS; ROBOTIC WORKCELL; CURRENT STATE; YEAST; STABILIZATION; BIOCATALYST; EXPRESSION AB A gene encoding a synthetic truncated Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) was generated via automated PCR and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Western blot analysis detected five truncated CALB variants, suggesting multiple translation starts from the six in-frame ATG codons. The longest open reading frame, which corresponds to amino acids 35-317 of the mature lipase, appeared to be expressed in the greatest amount. The truncated CALB was immobilized on Sepabeads (R) EC-EP resin and used to produce ethyl and butyl esters from crude corn oil and refined soybean oil. The yield of ethyl esters was 4-fold greater from corn oil than from soybean oil and was 36% and 50% higher, respectively, when compared to a commercially available lipase resin (Novozym 435) using the same substrates. A 5:1 (v/v) ratio of ethanol to corn oil produced 3.7-fold and 8.4-fold greater yields than ratios of 15:1 and 30:1, respectively. With corn oil, butyl ester production was 56% higher than ethyl ester production. Addition of an ionic catalytic resin step prior to the CALB resin increased yields of ethyl esters from corn oil by 53% compared to CALB resin followed by ionic resin. The results suggest resin-bound truncated CALB has potential application in biodiesel production using biocatalysts. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hughes, Stephen R.; Cox, Elby J.; Bischoff, Kenneth M.; Liu, Siqing; Jackson, John S.; Rich, Joseph O.] ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Moser, Bryan R.; Doll, Kenneth M.] ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Biooils Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Robinson, Samantha; Harmsen, Amanda J.; Friesen, Jon A.; Jones, Marjorie A.] Illinois State Univ, Dept Chem 4160, Normal, IL 61790 USA. [Robinson, Samantha; Harmsen, Amanda J.; Tasaki, Ken] Mitsubishi Chem Corp, Mitsubishi Chem Res & Innovat, Redondo Beach, CA 90277 USA. [Pinkelman, Rebecca; Bang, Sookie S.] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Qureshi, Nasib; Saha, Badal C.; Cotta, Michael A.] ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Bioenergy Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Caimi, Paolo] Resindion Srl, I-20082 Binasco, MI, Italy. RP Hughes, SR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Stephen.Hughes@ars.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD MAY 31 PY 2012 VL 159 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.01.025 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 925OZ UT WOS:000302772000011 PM 22342374 ER PT J AU Perez, CD Fissore, EN Gerschenson, LN Cameron, RG Rojas, AM AF Perez, Carolina D. Fissore, Eliana N. Gerschenson, Lia N. Cameron, Randall G. Rojas, Ana M. TI Hydrolytic and Oxidative Stability of L-(+)-Ascorbic Acid Supported in Pectin Films: Influence of the Macromolecular Structure and Calcium Presence SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pectin nanostructure; edible film; ascorbic acid; browning; water; hydrolysis; oxidation; kinetics ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PLANT-CELL WALLS; MODEL HOMOGALACTURONAN; ASCORBIC-ACID; WATER; MOBILITY; STORAGE; CITRUS; POLYSACCHARIDES; METHYLESTERASE AB The hydrolytic and oxidative stability of L-(+)-ascorbic acid (AA) into plasticized pectin films were separately studied in view of preserving vitamin C activity and/or to achieve localized antioxidant activity at pharmaceutical and food interfaces. Films were made with each one of the enzymatically tailored pectins (50%, 70%, and 80% DM; Cameron et al. Carbohydr. Polym. 2008, 71, 287-299) or commercial high methoxyl pectin (HMP; 72% DM). Since AA stability was dependent on water availability in the network, pectin nanostructure affected the AA kinetics. Higher AA retention and lower browning rates were achieved in HMP films, and calcium presence in them stabilized AA because of higher water immobilization. Air storage did not change AA decay and browning rates in HMP films, but they significantly increased in Ca-HMP films. It was concluded that the ability of the polymeric network to immobilize water seems to be the main factor to consider in order to succeed in retaining AA into film materials. C1 [Cameron, Randall G.] ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Unit, US Hort Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Perez, Carolina D.; Fissore, Eliana N.; Gerschenson, Lia N.; Rojas, Ana M.] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ind, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Perez, Carolina D.; Fissore, Eliana N.; Gerschenson, Lia N.; Rojas, Ana M.] Natl Res Council CONICET, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Cameron, RG (reprint author), ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Unit, US Hort Lab, USDA, 2001 Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM randall.cameron@ars.usda.gov RI IBIS, BIOINFORMATICA/O-1882-2015 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [6618-41000-016-00, 6618-41000-015-00]; National Institute of Food and Agriculture, National Research Initiative [2009-35503-05205]; University of Buenos Aires (UBA); National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina (CONICET); National Agency for the Promotion of Science and Technology (ANPCyT) of Argentina FX The isolation and characterization of the PME and tailoring of demethylated pectins used in this work were supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Project Numbers 6618-41000-016-00 and 6618-41000-015-00, and National Institute of Food and Agriculture, National Research Initiative, Award Number 2009-35503-05205. The present study was supported by the University of Buenos Aires (UBA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina (CONICET) and National Agency for the Promotion of Science and Technology (ANPCyT) of Argentina. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 30 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 21 BP 5414 EP 5422 DI 10.1021/jf205132m PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 949IT UT WOS:000304570600019 PM 22537342 ER PT J AU Han, EJ Merwade, V Heathman, GC AF Han, Eunjin Merwade, Venkatesh Heathman, Gary C. TI Application of data assimilation with the Root Zone Water Quality Model for soil moisture profile estimation in the upper Cedar Creek, Indiana SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE soil moisture; Root Zone Water Quality Model; data assimilation; direct insertion; Ensemble Kalman Filter; Cedar Creek Watershed ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; HYDROLOGIC DATA ASSIMILATION; SIMULATING TILE DRAINAGE; QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC MODEL; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; GEORGIA PIEDMONT; LEACHED NITRATE; RETRIEVAL; RZWQM AB Data assimilation techniques have been proven as an effective tool to improve model forecasts by combining information about observed variables in many areas. This article examines the potential of assimilating surface soil moisture observations into a field-scale hydrological model, the Root Zone Water Quality Model, to improve soil moisture estimation. The Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF), a popular data assimilation technique for nonlinear systems, was applied and compared with a simple direct insertion method. In situ soil moisture data at four different depths (5, 20, 40, and 60?cm) from two agricultural fields (AS1 and AS2) in northeastern Indiana were used for assimilation and validation purposes. Through daily update, the EnKF improved soil moisture estimation compared with the direct insertion method and model results without assimilation, having more distinct improvement at the 5 and 20?cm depths than for deeper layers (40 and 60?cm). Local vertical soil property heterogeneity in AS1 deteriorated soil moisture estimates with the EnKF. Removal of systematic bias in the forecast model was found to be critical for more successful soil moisture data assimilation studies. This study also demonstrates that a more frequent update generally contributes in enhancing the open loop simulation; however, large forecasting error can prevent more frequent update from providing better results. In addition, results indicate that various ensemble sizes make little difference in the assimilation results. An ensemble of 100 members produced results that were comparable with results obtained from larger ensembles. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Han, Eunjin; Merwade, Venkatesh] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Heathman, Gary C.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Merwade, V (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM vmerwade@purdue.edu RI Merwade, Venkatesh/D-4387-2015; Han, Eunjin /G-4121-2013 OI Merwade, Venkatesh/0000-0001-5518-2890; Han, Eunjin /0000-0001-6208-7410 NR 69 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAY 30 PY 2012 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1707 EP 1719 DI 10.1002/hyp.8292 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 946KI UT WOS:000304350100011 ER PT J AU Fagerquist, CK Sultan, O AF Fagerquist, Clifton K. Sultan, Omar TI A new calibrant for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight-time-of-flight post-source decay tandem mass spectrometry of non-digested proteins for top-down proteomic analysis SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID IN-SOURCE FRAGMENTATION; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; BIOMARKERS; EXTRACTION AB RATIONALE: Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight-time-of-flight (TOF-TOF) post-source decay (PSD) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has seen increasing use for analysis of non-digested protein ions for top-down proteomic identification. However, there is no commonly accepted calibrant for this purpose beyond the use of peptide calibrants whose fragment ions span a lower mass-to-charge (m/z) range. METHODS: We have used the PSD-generated fragment ions of disulfide-reduced/alkylated thioredoxin (AlkTrx) for TOF-TOF calibration in reflectron mode for the purpose of PSD-MS/MS analysis. The average m/z values of AlkTrx fragment ions were used for calibration. The quality of the calibration was assessed from the observed fragment ion mass error of MS/MS of the YahO protein from an unfractionated bacterial cell lysate of Escherichia coli O157: H7 as well as from MS/MS of bovine ubiquitin. The fragment ion mass errors of these two analytes were also used to assess instrument calibration using the monoisotopic fragment ions of [Glu1]-fibrinopeptide B (GluFib). RESULTS: A general improvement in fragment ion mass accuracy was observed using the AlkTrx calibration compared to the GluFib calibration which resulted in a more significant top-down proteomic identification of these analyte proteins. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that AlkTrxmay be useful as a calibrant for MALDI-TOF-TOF-PSD-MS/MS of small and modest-sized protein ions. The uniform fragmentation efficiency of YahO across its sequence suggests that itmay be useful as a post-calibration standard to assess PSD-MS/MS instrument performance as well as establishing appropriate top-down proteomic fragment ion tolerances. Published 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Fagerquist, Clifton K.; Sultan, Omar] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Fagerquist, CK (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM clifton.fagerquist@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5325-42000-047-00D] FX This work was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS project 5325-42000-047-00D. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Mention of a brand or firm name does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over others of a similar nature not mentioned. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD MAY 30 PY 2012 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1241 EP 1248 DI 10.1002/rcm.6220 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 926AJ UT WOS:000302803400010 PM 22499200 ER PT J AU Postnikova, OA Nemchinov, LG AF Postnikova, Olga A. Nemchinov, Lev G. TI Comparative analysis of microarray data in Arabidopsis transcriptome during compatible interactions with plant viruses SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; Response to virus infection; Microarray; Co-expressed clusters ID GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILE; CUCUMBER MOSAIC-VIRUS; NEIGHBORING GENES; SEQUENCE TAGS; THALIANA; INFECTION; RESISTANCE; GENOME; RESPONSES; PATHOGEN AB Background: At the moment, there are a number of publications describing gene expression profiling in virus-infected plants. Most of the data are limited to specific host-pathogen interactions involving a given virus and a model host plant - usually Arabidopsis thaliana. Even though several summarizing attempts have been made, a general picture of gene expression changes in susceptible virus-host interactions is lacking. Methods: To analyze transcriptome response to virus infection, we have assembled currently available microarray data on changes in gene expression levels in compatible Arabidopsis-virus interactions. We used the mean r (Pearson's correlation coefficient) for neighboring pairs to estimate pairwise local similarity in expression in the Arabidopsis genome. Results: Here we provide a functional classification of genes with altered expression levels. We also demonstrate that responsive genes may be grouped or clustered based on their co-expression pattern and chromosomal location. Conclusions: In summary, we found that there is a greater variety of upregulated genes in the course of viral pathogenesis as compared to repressed genes. Distribution of the responsive genes in combined viral databases differed from that of the whole Arabidopsis genome, thus underlining a role of the specific biological processes in common mechanisms of general resistance against viruses and in physiological/cellular changes caused by infection. Using integrative platforms for the analysis of gene expression data and functional profiling, we identified overrepresented functional groups among activated and repressed genes. Each virus-host interaction is unique in terms of the genes with altered expression levels and the number of shared genes affected by all viruses is very limited. At the same time, common genes can participate in virus-, fungi-and bacteria-host interaction. According to our data, non-homologous genes that are located in close proximity to each other on the chromosomes, and whose expression profiles are modified as a result of the viral infection, occupy 12% of the genome. Among them 5% form co-expressed and co-regulated clusters. C1 [Postnikova, Olga A.; Nemchinov, Lev G.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Postnikova, Olga A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Basic Biol Problems, Pushchino 142292, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Nemchinov, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lev.nemchinov@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. We thank Wesley Schonborn for critical reading of the manuscript and language editing. NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 22 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD MAY 29 PY 2012 VL 9 AR 101 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-9-101 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 995GH UT WOS:000307995500001 PM 22643110 ER PT J AU Hughes, SO Shewchuk, RM AF Hughes, Sheryl O. Shewchuk, Richard M. TI Child temperament, parent emotions, and perceptions of the child's feeding experience SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LA English DT Article ID SELF-REGULATION; POSITIVE AFFECT; BEHAVIOR QUESTIONNAIRE; MEDIATION ANALYSIS; NEGATIVE AFFECT; MOTHERS; HEALTH; FRUIT; PREVENTION; STRATEGIES AB Background: Associations between parent and child characteristics and how they influence the approach parents take toward children in the feeding environment have not been examined extensively, especially in low-income minority families who are at a higher risk for obesity. The primary aim of the study was to examine positive and negative parent emotions as potential mediators of the relationship between child temperament and parents' perceptions of strategy effectiveness and problems encountered in feeding children fruit and vegetables. Methods: Participants were low-income families (n = 639, 73% minority, children aged 3-5 years) participating in Head Start programs in two states. Parents completed the Children's Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and measures of strategy effectiveness (teachable moments, practical methods, restriction, and enhanced availability) and problems encountered (vegetable characteristics, child attributions for dislike, external influences, and parental demands) in feeding children fruit and vegetables. Results: Positive parent emotions partially mediated the relationship between child Effortful Control and strategy effectiveness and fully mediated the relationship between Surgency and strategy effectiveness. Although negative parent emotions were associated with increased perception of problems in feeding children fruit and vegetables, the relationship between Negative Affectivity and problems in feeding was partially mediated by negative parent emotions. Conclusions: Positive parent emotions facilitated perceived effectiveness of feeding strategies, with child Effortful Control and Surgency instrumental to this process. Understanding mechanisms in parent-child feeding is important when developing interventions designed to promote healthy child eating behaviors. C1 [Hughes, Sheryl O.] USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Shewchuk, Richard M.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Hlth Serv Adm, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Hughes, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM shughes@bcm.edu FU National Cancer Institute [R01 CA102671]; USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center [6250-51000-047]; USDA/ARS [58-6250 0 008] FX This research was supported by funds from the National Cancer Institute (R01 CA102671) and the USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center under Cooperative Agreement No. 6250-51000-047. This work is a publication of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, and had been funded in part with federal funds from the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6250 0 008. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement from the U. S. government. The authors would like to thank Cheryl B. Anderson for her help in earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 28 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1479-5868 J9 INT J BEHAV NUTR PHY JI Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. PD MAY 29 PY 2012 VL 9 AR 64 DI 10.1186/1479-5868-9-64 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology GA 989GL UT WOS:000307548200001 PM 22643039 ER PT J AU Volozhantsev, NV Oakley, BB Morales, CA Verevkin, VV Bannov, VA Krasilnikova, VM Popova, AV Zhilenkov, EL Garrish, JK Schegg, KM Woolsey, R Quilici, DR Line, JE Hiett, KL Siragusa, GR Svetoch, EA Seal, BS AF Volozhantsev, Nikolay V. Oakley, Brian B. Morales, Cesar A. Verevkin, Vladimir V. Bannov, Vasily A. Krasilnikova, Valentina M. Popova, Anastasia V. Zhilenkov, Eugeni L. Garrish, Johnna K. Schegg, Kathleen M. Woolsey, Rebekah Quilici, David R. Line, J. Eric Hiett, Kelli L. Siragusa, Gregory R. Svetoch, Edward A. Seal, Bruce S. TI Molecular Characterization of Podoviral Bacteriophages Virulent for Clostridium perfringens and Their Comparison with Members of the Picovirinae SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; STATISTICAL-MODEL; GENOMIC SEQUENCE; DNA-POLYMERASE; PHAGE; PROTEIN; POULTRY; PHI-29 AB Clostridium perfringens is a Gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic bacterium responsible for human food-borne disease as well as non-food-borne human, animal and poultry diseases. Because bacteriophages or their gene products could be applied to control bacterial diseases in a species-specific manner, they are potential important alternatives to antibiotics. Consequently, poultry intestinal material, soil, sewage and poultry processing drainage water were screened for virulent bacteriophages that lysed C. perfringens. Two bacteriophages, designated Phi CPV4 and Phi ZP2, were isolated in the Moscow Region of the Russian Federation while another closely related virus, named Phi CP7R, was isolated in the southeastern USA. The viruses were identified as members of the order Caudovirales in the family Podoviridae with short, non-contractile tails of the C1 morphotype. The genomes of the three bacteriophages were 17.972, 18.078 and 18.397 kbp respectively; encoding twenty-six to twenty-eight ORF's with inverted terminal repeats and an average GC content of 34.6%. Structural proteins identified by mass spectrometry in the purified Phi CP7R virion included a pre-neck/appendage with putative lyase activity, major head, tail, connector/upper collar, lower collar and a structural protein with putative lysozyme-peptidase activity. All three podoviral bacteriophage genomes encoded a predicted N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase and a putative stage V sporulation protein. Each putative amidase contained a predicted bacterial SH3 domain at the C-terminal end of the protein, presumably involved with binding the C. perfringens cell wall. The predicted DNA polymerase type B protein sequences were closely related to other members of the Podoviridae including Bacillus phage Phi 29. Whole-genome comparisons supported this relationship, but also indicated that the Russian and USA viruses may be unique members of the sub-family Picovirinae. C1 [Volozhantsev, Nikolay V.; Verevkin, Vladimir V.; Bannov, Vasily A.; Krasilnikova, Valentina M.; Popova, Anastasia V.; Zhilenkov, Eugeni L.; Svetoch, Edward A.] State Res Ctr Appl Microbiol & Biotechnol, Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia. [Oakley, Brian B.; Morales, Cesar A.; Garrish, Johnna K.; Line, J. Eric; Hiett, Kelli L.; Seal, Bruce S.] USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. [Schegg, Kathleen M.; Woolsey, Rebekah; Quilici, David R.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Prote Ctr, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Siragusa, Gregory R.] Danisco DuPont, Waukesha, WI USA. RP Volozhantsev, NV (reprint author), State Res Ctr Appl Microbiol & Biotechnol, Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia. EM nikvol@obolensk.org; bruce.seal@ars.usda.gov OI Volozhantsev, Nikolay/0000-0003-4667-1451 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (CRIS) [6612-32000-060]; Russian Federation State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology; U.S. Department of State (DoS) via the International Science and Technology Center (ISTC); USDA Office of International Research Programs (OIRP); INBRE Program of the National Center for Research Resources [P20 RR-016464]; NIH [1S10 RR023587-01A2] FX Support for the research was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (CRIS project #6612-32000-060), the Russian Federation State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, and the U.S. Department of State (DoS) via the International Science and Technology Center (ISTC grant #3108) administered by the ARS, USDA Office of International Research Programs (OIRP). The Nevada Proteomics Center operates under the auspices of NIH Grant #P20 RR-016464 from the INBRE Program of the National Center for Research Resources with instrumentation acquired through NIH grant #1S10 RR023587-01A2 awarded to the University of Nevada, Reno. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 92 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 14 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 29 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e38283 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0038283 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959WT UT WOS:000305349600076 PM 22666499 ER PT J AU Combs, GF Jackson, MI Watts, JC Johnson, LK Zeng, HW Idso, J Schomburg, L Hoeg, A Hoefig, CS Chiang, EC Waters, DJ Davis, CD Milner, JA AF Combs, Gerald F., Jr. Jackson, Matthew I. Watts, Jennifer C. Johnson, LuAnn K. Zeng, Huawei Idso, Joseph Schomburg, Lutz Hoeg, Antonia Hoefig, Carolin S. Chiang, Emily C. Waters, David J. Davis, Cindy D. Milner, John A. TI Differential responses to selenomethionine supplementation by sex and genotype in healthy adults SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Selenium; Biomarkers; Selenoprotein P; Glutathione peroxidase; Genotype; Supplementation ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; SELENIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; DIETARY METHIONINE; SELENOPROTEIN-P; CANCER-RISK; 3'-UNTRANSLATED REGION; PROSTATE-CANCER; IMMUNE FUNCTION; SERUM SELENIUM AB A year-long intervention trial was conducted to characterise the responses of multiple biomarkers of Se status in healthy American adults to supplemental selenomethionine (SeMet) and to identify factors affecting those responses. A total of 261 men and women were randomised to four closes of Se (0, 50, 100 or 200 mu g/d as L-SeMet) for 12 months. Responses of several biomarkers of Se status (plasma Se, serum selenoprotein P (SEPP1), plasma glutathione peroxidase activity (GPX3), buccal cell Se, urinary Se) were determined relative to genotype of four selenoproteins (GPX1, GPX3, SEPP,L, selenoprotein 15), dietary Se intake and parameters of single-carbon metabolism. Results showed that supplemental SeMet did not affect GPX3 activity or SEPP1 concentration, but produced significant, close-dependent increases in the Se contents of plasma, urine and buccal cells, each of which plateaued by 9-12 months and was linearly related to effective Se close (mu g/d per kg(0.75)). The increase in urinary Se excretion was greater for women than men, and for individuals of the GPX1 679 T/T genotype than for those of the GPX1 679 C/C genotype. It is concluded that the most responsive Se-biomarkers in this non-deficient cohort were those related to body Se pools: plasma, buccal cell and urinary Se concentrations. Changes in plasma Se resulted from increases in its non-specific component and were affected by both sex and GPX1 genotype. In a cohort of relatively high Se status, the Se intake (as SeMet) required to support plasma Se concentration at a target level (Sepl-target) is: Se-in = [(Sepl-target - Se-pl)/(18.2 ng d kg(0.75)/ml per mu g)]. C1 [Combs, Gerald F., Jr.; Jackson, Matthew I.; Watts, Jennifer C.; Johnson, LuAnn K.; Zeng, Huawei; Idso, Joseph] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Schomburg, Lutz; Hoeg, Antonia; Hoefig, Carolin S.] Inst Expt Endokrinol, Berlin, Germany. [Chiang, Emily C.; Waters, David J.] Gerald P Murphy Canc Fdn, W Lafayette, IN USA. [Davis, Cindy D.; Milner, John A.] NCI, Nutr Sci Res Grp, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Combs, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, 2420 2nd Ave N,Stop 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM gerald.combs@ars.usda.gov FU Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center CRIS [5450-51000-036-00D]; NCI-ARS [07-0A-5450-330]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG [Scho849/2-2, GraKo 1208]; Deutsche Krebshilfe [10-1792 Scho2] FX We appreciate the contribution of the supplements used in this trial by the Sabinsa Corporation. We gratefully acknowledge the expert contributions of the following members of the Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center staff: Brenda Ling for subject recruiting; Wesley Canfield, for subject health oversight; Emily Nielsen, Doreen Rolshoven, Judy Schumacher, and Ruth Christianson, for coordinating subject visits and sample collection; Sandy Botnen, Teresa Numedahl, Wendy Mayer, Pat Wilson and Kay Williams for sample preparation and clinical biochemical analyses; Bonnie Hoverson, Elvira Bell, Sue Sherette, Charlene Kuntz and Doris Zidon and Mary Jo Peltier for preparation and distribution of supplement packets; Laura Ids for sample preparation and enzyme analyses; Eric Uthus for advice on several analytical methods; and Craig Lacher and Bill Martin for Se analyses. The authors responsibilities were as follows: G. F. C., J. C. W., C. D. D. and J. A. M. designed the research; G. F. C., M. I. J., D. J. W., H. Z., J. I.. L. S., A. H., C. S. H., E. C. C. and D. J. W. conducted the research; L. K. J. analysed the data; G. F. C. and M. I. J. wrote the paper and had responsibility for its final content. None of the authors had any competing interests to declare. This research was supported by the Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center CRIS project no. 5450-51000-036-00D and NCI-ARS Interagency Agreement 07-0A-5450-330, and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG (Scho849/2-2, GraKo 1208) and Deutsche Krebshilfe (10-1792 Scho2) (to L. S.). NR 52 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD MAY 28 PY 2012 VL 107 IS 10 BP 1514 EP 1525 DI 10.1017/S0007114511004715 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 944SA UT WOS:000304222900016 PM 21936966 ER PT J AU Gao, YL Reitz, SR Wei, QB Yu, WY Lei, ZR AF Gao, Yulin Reitz, Stuart R. Wei, Qingbo Yu, Wenyan Lei, Zhongren TI Insecticide-Mediated Apparent Displacement between Two Invasive Species of Leafminer Fly SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID LIRIOMYZA-SATIVAE DIPTERA; SPIREA APHID HOMOPTERA; BEMISIA-TABACI; APPLE APHID; COMPETITIVE DISPLACEMENT; PEST-MANAGEMENT; L-BRYONIAE; L-TRIFOLII; BIOTYPE-B; AGROMYZIDAE AB Background: Closely related invasive species may often displace one another, but it is often difficult to determine mechanisms because of the historical nature of these events. The leafmining flies Liriomyza sativae and Liriomyza trifolii have become serious invasive agricultural pests throughout the world. Where both species have invaded the same region, one predominates over the other. Although L. sativae invaded Hainan Island of China first, it recently has been displaced by the newly invasive L. trifolii. We hypothesized that differential susceptibilities to insecticides could be causing this demographic shift. Methodology/Principal Findings: Avermectin and cyromazine are the most commonly used insecticides to manage leafminers, with laboratory bioassays demonstrating that L. trifolii is significantly less susceptible to these key insecticides than is L. sativae. In trials where similar numbers of larvae of both species infested plants, which subsequently were treated with the insecticides, the eclosing adults were predominately L. trifolii, yet similar numbers of adults of both species eclosed from control plants. The species composition was then surveyed in two regions where L. trifolii has just begun to invade and both species are still common. In field trials, both species occurred in similar proportions before insecticide treatments began. Following applications of avermectin and cyromazine, almost all eclosing adults were L. trifolii in those treatment plots. In control plots, similar numbers of adults of the two species eclosed, lending further credence to the hypothesis that differential insecticide susceptibilities could be driving the ongoing displacement of L. sativae by L. trifolii. Conclusions/Significance: Our results show that differential insecticide susceptibility can lead to rapid shifts in the demographics of pest complexes. Thus, successful pest management requires the identification of pest species to understand the outcome of insecticide applications. These results further demonstrate the importance of considering anthropogenic factors in the outcome of interspecific interactions. C1 [Gao, Yulin; Wei, Qingbo; Yu, Wenyan; Lei, Zhongren] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Inst Plant Protect, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Reitz, Stuart R.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Gao, YL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Inst Plant Protect, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. EM zrlei@ippcaas.cn FU National Key Basic Research Program (973 Projects) [2009CB119004]; China Agriculture Research System [CARS-25-B-07] FX This work was supported in part by the National Key Basic Research Program (973 Projects Grant 2009CB119004) and the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-25-B-07). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 25 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e36622 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0036622 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959UY UT WOS:000305342300013 PM 22662122 ER PT J AU Jeong, J Kim, WH Yoo, J Lee, C Kim, S Cho, JH Jang, HK Kim, DW Lillehoj, HS Min, W AF Jeong, Jipseol Kim, Woo H. Yoo, Jeongmi Lee, Changhwan Kim, Suk Cho, Jae-Hyeon Jang, Hyung-Kwan Kim, Dong W. Lillehoj, Hyun S. Min, Wongi TI Identification and Comparative Expression Analysis of Interleukin 2/15 Receptor beta Chain in Chickens Infected with E. tenella SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL INTRAEPITHELIAL LYMPHOCYTES; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; IL-2 RECEPTOR; T-CELLS; ALPHA-CHAIN; EIMERIA-ACERVULINA; GENOMIC ORGANIZATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; GENE-EXPRESSION; MICE LACKING AB Background: Interleukin (IL) 2 and IL15 receptor beta chain (IL2/15R beta, CD122) play critical roles in signal transduction for the biological activities of IL2 and IL15. Increased knowledge of non-mammalian IL2/15R beta will enhance the understanding of IL2 and IL15 functions. Methology/Principal Findings: Chicken IL2/15R beta (chIL2/15R beta) cDNA was cloned using 5'/3'-RACE. The predicted protein sequence contained 576 amino acids and typical features of the type-I cytokine receptor family. COS-7 cells transfected with chIL2/15R beta produced proteins of approximately 75 and 62.5 kDa under normal and tunicamycin-treated conditions, respectively. The genomic structure of chIL2/15R beta was similar to its mammalian counterparts. chIL2/15R beta transcripts were detected in the lymphoblast cell line CU205 and in normal lymphoid organs and at moderate levels in bursa samples. Expression profiles of chIL2/15R beta and its related cytokines and receptors were examined in ConA-stimulated splenic lymphocytes and in ceca-tonsils of Eimeria tenella-infected chickens using quantitative real-time PCR. Expression levels of chIL2/15R beta, chIL2R alpha, and chIL15R alpha were generally elevated in ceca-tonsils and ConA-activated splenic lymphocytes. However, chIL2 and chIL15 expression levels were differentially regulated between the samples. chIL2 expression was upregulated in ConA-activated splenic lymphocytes, but not in ceca-tonsils. In constrast, chIL15 expression was upregulated in ceca-tonsils, but not in ConA-activated splenic lymphocytes. Conclusions/Significance: We identified an avian form of IL2/15R beta and compared its gene expression pattern with those of chIL2, chIL15, chIL2R alpha, and chIL15R alpha. Our observations suggest that chIL15 and its receptors, including chIL2/15R beta, play important roles in mucosal immunity to intestinal intracellular parasites such as Eimeria. C1 [Jeong, Jipseol; Kim, Woo H.; Yoo, Jeongmi; Lee, Changhwan; Kim, Suk; Cho, Jae-Hyeon; Min, Wongi] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Jinju, South Korea. [Jeong, Jipseol; Kim, Woo H.; Yoo, Jeongmi; Lee, Changhwan; Kim, Suk; Cho, Jae-Hyeon; Min, Wongi] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Life Sci Res Inst, Jinju, South Korea. [Jang, Hyung-Kwan] Chonbuk Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Jeonju, South Korea. [Jang, Hyung-Kwan] Chonbuk Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Avian Dis, Jeonju, South Korea. [Jang, Hyung-Kwan] Chonbuk Natl Univ, Korea Zoonosis Res Inst, Jeonju, South Korea. [Kim, Dong W.] Natl Inst Anim Sci, RDA, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea. [Lillehoj, Hyun S.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Jeong, J (reprint author), Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Jinju, South Korea. EM wongimin@gnu.ac.kr FU WCU program through the National Research Foundation of Korea [R33-10013]; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology; Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea [PJ907105032011, PJ007611052011] FX This research was supported by the WCU program (R33-10013) through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, and by the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development (PJ907105032011, PJ007611052011), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 25 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e37704 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0037704 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959UY UT WOS:000305342300086 PM 22662196 ER PT J AU Liang, CY Sun, LL Yao, ZF Liao, H Tian, J AF Liang, Cuiyue Sun, Lili Yao, Zhufang Liao, Hong Tian, Jiang TI Comparative Analysis of PvPAP Gene Family and Their Functions in Response to Phosphorus Deficiency in Common Bean SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PURPLE ACID-PHOSPHATASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; PHYTASE ACTIVITY; ACQUISITION; STARVATION; EFFICIENCY; PLANTS AB Background: Purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) play a vital role in adaptive strategies of plants to phosphorus (P) deficiency. However, their functions in relation to P efficiency are fragmentary in common bean. Principal Findings: Five PvPAPs were isolated and sequenced in common bean. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PvPAPs could be classified into two groups, including a small group with low molecular mass, and a large group with high molecular mass. Among them, PvPAP3, PvPAP4 and PvPAP5 belong to the small group, while the other two belong to the large group. Transient expression of 35S:PvPAPs-GFP on onion epidermal cells verified the variations of subcellular localization among PvPAPs, suggesting functional diversities of PvPAPs in common bean. Quantitative PCR results showed that most PvPAPs were up-regulated by phosphate (Pi) starvation. Among them, the expression of the small group PvPAPs responded more to Pi starvation, especially in the roots of G19833, the P-efficient genotype. However, only overexpressing PvPAP1 and PvPAP3 could result in significantly increased utilization of extracellular dNTPs in the transgenic bean hairy roots. Furthermore, overexpressing PvPAP3 in Arabidopsis enhanced both plant growth and total P content when dNTPs were supplied as the sole external P source. Conclusions: The results suggest that PvPAPs in bean varied in protein structure, response to P deficiency and subcellular localization. Among them, both PvPAP1 and PvPAP3 might function as utilization of extracellular dNTPs. C1 [Liang, Cuiyue; Sun, Lili; Yao, Zhufang; Liao, Hong; Tian, Jiang] S China Agr Univ, State Key Lab Conservat & Utilizat Subtrop Agrobi, Root Biol Ctr, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Liang, Cuiyue] Cornell Univ, Robert Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Ithaca, NY USA. [Sun, Lili] Chinese Acad Trop Agr Sci, Inst Trop Crop Genet Resources, Danzhou, Peoples R China. RP Liang, CY (reprint author), S China Agr Univ, State Key Lab Conservat & Utilizat Subtrop Agrobi, Root Biol Ctr, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM jtian@scau.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31101593, 30890131]; National Key Basic Research Special Funds of China [2011CB100301]; Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China [20094404120022]; project of science and technology new star in Zhujiang Guangzhou city FX This study was in part supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31101593 and 30890131), National Key Basic Research Special Funds of China (2011CB100301), Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 20094404120022) and the project of science and technology new star in Zhujiang Guangzhou city. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 25 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e38106 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0038106 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959UY UT WOS:000305342300166 PM 22662274 ER PT J AU Xia, YS Ning, ZX Bai, GH Li, RH Yan, GJ Siddique, KHM Baum, M Guo, PG AF Xia, Yanshi Ning, Zhengxiang Bai, Guihua Li, Ronghua Yan, Guijun Siddique, Kadambot H. M. Baum, Michael Guo, Peiguo TI Allelic Variations of a Light Harvesting Chlorophyll A/B-Binding Protein Gene (Lhcb1) Associated with Agronomic Traits in Barley SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; OXYGENIC PHOTOSYNTHESIS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR DIVERSITY; STATISTICAL-METHOD; DNA POLYMORPHISM; WHEAT GERMPLASM; STAY GREEN; IDENTIFICATION AB Light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (LHCP) is one of the most abundant chloroplast proteins in plants. Its main function is to collect and transfer light energy to photosynthetic reaction centers. However, the roles of different LHCPs in light-harvesting antenna systems remain obscure. Exploration of nucleotide variation in the genes encoding LHCP can facilitate a better understanding of the functions of LHCP. In this study, nucleotide variations in Lhcb1, a LHCP gene in barley, were investigated across 292 barley accessions collected from 35 different countries using EcoTILLING technology, a variation of the Targeting Induced Local Lesions In Genomes (TILLING). A total of 23 nucleotide variations were detected including three insert/deletions (indels) and 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Among them, 17 SNPs were in the coding region with nine missense changes. Two SNPs with missense changes are predicted to be deleterious to protein function. Seventeen SNP formed 31 distinguishable haplotypes in the barley collection. The levels of nucleotide diversity in the Lhcb1 locus differed markedly with geographic origins and species of accessions. The accessions from Middle East Asia exhibited the highest nucleotide and haplotype diversity. H. spontaneum showed greater nucleotide diversity than H. vulgare. Five SNPs in Lhcb1 were significantly associated with at least one of the six agronomic traits evaluated, namely plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike, thousand grain weight, flag leaf area and leaf color, and these SNPs may be used as potential markers for improvement of these barley traits. C1 [Xia, Yanshi; Li, Ronghua; Guo, Peiguo] Guangzhou Univ, Coll Life Sci, Int Crop Res Ctr Stress Resistance, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Xia, Yanshi; Ning, Zhengxiang] S China Univ Technol, Coll Light Ind & Food Sci, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Bai, Guihua] USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS USA. [Yan, Guijun; Siddique, Kadambot H. M.] Univ Western Australia, Inst Agr, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Baum, Michael] Int Ctr Agr Res Dry Areas, Aleppo, Syria. RP Xia, YS (reprint author), Guangzhou Univ, Coll Life Sci, Int Crop Res Ctr Stress Resistance, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM guopg@yahoo.com RI Siddique, Kadambot /B-3462-2011; Yan, Guijun/A-9809-2011 OI Yan, Guijun/0000-0001-9628-1211 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30871526]; Guangdong Province the Technology Plan in China [2008B050300003] FX This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30871526) (http://www.nsfc.gov.cn) and Guangdong Province the Technology Plan in China (2008B050300003) (http://www.gdstc.gov.cn). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 55 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 21 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 25 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e37573 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0037573 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959UY UT WOS:000305342300063 PM 22662173 ER PT J AU de Almeida, GF Horsted, K Thamsborg, SM Kyvsgaard, NC Ferreira, JFS Hermansen, JE AF de Almeida, Gustavo F. Horsted, Klaus Thamsborg, Stig M. Kyvsgaard, Niels C. Ferreira, Jorge F. S. Hermansen, John E. TI Use of Artemisia annua as a natural coccidiostat in free-range broilers and its effects on infection dynamics and performance SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Artemisia annua L.; Natural anti-protozoa drug; Free-range systems; Broiler Genotypes; Sex effects; Coccidiosis ID CHICKENS; EIMERIA; POULTRY; GROWTH; PARAMETERS; RESPONSES; PARASITES; EXTRACT; MALARIA; TISSUES AB This work investigated the preventive effect of Artemisia annua L. dried leaves supplied as a botanical coccidiostat to two broiler genotypes reared in a Danish free-range system in a factorial experiment (two genotypes and +/- supplement of dried A. annua leaves). The genotypes White Bresse L40, a pure slow-growing line, and Kosmos 8 Ross, a hybrid genotype with medium growing characteristics, were used. Broilers were raised indoor until 29-days-old and kept free of parasites. Twelve groups of 30 randomly selected broilers were placed in the range forming three replicates for each treatment combination. The paddocks were cultivated with a mix of grass and clover. A separate group of broilers was naturally infected with Eimeria spp. oocysts and five animals nominated as "seeders" were introduced to the above mentioned 12 groups, 10 days after its formation, with each group consisting of 35 animals per plot. This infection strategy was meant to imitate the transmission pathway observed at farm level. Ten individual birds from each of the 12 groups, in total 120 animals of mixed sex, were monitored twice weekly for 30 days for oocysts excretion. PCR of pooled faecal samples, oocyst morphology and localization upon necropsy were used to identify the Eimeria species involved in the infection. In general, broilers from both genotypes in the range coped well with a coccidia infection caused by Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria maxima as no clinical symptoms, or deaths, were reported during the experiment. In general, broilers supplemented with A. annua dried leaves showed a significantly (p < 0.05) reduced number of excreted oocysts during the infection with no interaction to genotype. Females generally had a significantly higher shedding of oocysts than males (p < 0.05). The overall body weight gain and the daily weight gain when infection was subdued showed a three-way interaction among genotype, sex and treatment - accounted mainly for the fact that Kosmos females responded positively to the Artemisia treatment while Kosmos males responded negatively, and only minor differences were found between sexes for the White Bresse genotype. In conclusion, supply of A. annua dried leaves as a botanical coccidiostat significantly reduced oocyst output in free ranged broilers and thus may form part of a strategy to prevent commercial losses. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [de Almeida, Gustavo F.; Horsted, Klaus; Hermansen, John E.] Aarhus Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Agroecol, Res Ctr Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. [Thamsborg, Stig M.] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, Danish Ctr Expt Parasitol, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Kyvsgaard, Niels C.] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, Dept Vet Dis Biol, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Ferreira, Jorge F. S.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP de Almeida, GF (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Agroecol, Res Ctr Foulum, Blichers Alle 20,POB 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. EM Gustavo.deAlmeida@agrsci.dk RI Hermansen, John Erik/G-9511-2013; Hermansen, John /F-2247-2016; OI Hermansen, John /0000-0003-0179-2647; Ferreira, Jorge F.S./0000-0003-4550-6761 FU Aarhus University; SOAR - Research School for Organic Agriculture and Food Systems FX Aarhus University and SOAR - Research School for Organic Agriculture and Food Systems - are thanked for financing our study. The authors wish to thank Orla Nielsen for his great technical support during the trial. Senior scientist Kai Grevsen is thanked for supplying Artemisia material. Also we want to thank Dr. Susanne Kabell from the Danish Knowledge Center for Agriculture for lesion score as well as Drs. Per Thebo and Karin Troell from Swedish Veterinary Institute (SVA) for Eimeria speciation by PCR. Thanks are also due to Mr. Barry Harter for his valuable help on HPLC-UV analysis. Finally, we wish to thank the two anonymous reviewers which constructively contributed to increase the quality of the paper. NR 52 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY 25 PY 2012 VL 186 IS 3-4 BP 178 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.11.058 PG 10 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 946FH UT WOS:000304336400005 PM 22154969 ER PT J AU Katiki, LM Chagas, ACS Takahira, RK Juliani, HR Ferreira, JFS Amarante, AFT AF Katiki, L. M. Chagas, A. C. S. Takahira, R. K. Juliani, H. R. Ferreira, J. F. S. Amarante, A. F. T. TI Evaluation of Cymbopogon schoenanthus essential oil in lambs experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cymbopogon schoenanthus; Essential oil; Haemonchus contortus; Small ruminant; Anthelmintic; Nematicide ID NEMATODE INFECTIONS; TRICHOSTRONGYLUS-COLUBRIFORMIS; ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE; SHEEP; MARTINII; COUNTS; GOATS AB Hematophagous gastrointestinal parasites cause significant economic losses in small ruminant grazing systems. The growing reports of multi-drug resistant parasites call for intensive research on alternative treatments for anthelmintics to help small ruminants cope with these parasites. Two-month-old lambs with mean body weight (BW) of 22.5 kg were experimentally infected with a multidrug-resistant Haemonchus contortus strain. Infected animals were dosed orally with Cymbopogon schoenanthus essential oil to evaluate its anthelmintic potential. Eighteen animals were allocated into three groups of six animals, and each received one of the following treatments: Group 1 - control (10 mL of water), Group 2 - C. schoenanthus essential oil (180 mg/kg BW); and Group 3 - C schoenanthus essential oil (360 mg/kg BW). Animals received the oil once a day for 3 consecutive days. Lambs were evaluated clinically for blood biochemistry before, at 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after treatment, and then were euthanized to assess the total worm burden. No statistically significant reduction in fecal egg count, packed cell volume or total worm count was observed after treatments. Also, no statistical difference among group means for blood levels of urea, creatinine, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transferase was found. Larval development assay (LDA) and egg hatch assay (EHA) were performed from feces of treated animals at 1, 5, 10 and 15 days after essential oil administration. An inhibition in LDA was observed 1 day after the 3-day treatment in larvae from feces of animals treated with 360 mg/kg essential oil. In conclusion, the essential oil at the doses of 180 mg/kg and 360 mg/kg was safe to sheep, but failed as an anthelmintic treatment when applied to young sheep artificially infected with a multidrug-resistant H. contortus strain. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Katiki, L. M.] IZ, BR-13460000 Nova Odessa, SP, Brazil. [Chagas, A. C. S.] EMBRAPA Pecuaria Sudeste, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Takahira, R. K.] UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Clin Vet, FMVZ, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Juliani, H. R.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Ferreira, J. F. S.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. [Amarante, A. F. T.] UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Parasitol, IB, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. RP Katiki, LM (reprint author), Rua Heitor Penteado 56, BR-13460000 Nova Odessa, SP, Brazil. EM lmkatiki@iz.sp.gov.br RI Amarante, Alessandro/C-8773-2012; Takahira, Regina/D-6935-2012; Chagas, A. C. S./H-7751-2013; OI Amarante, Alessandro/0000-0003-3995-5501; Takahira, Regina/0000-0003-3323-4199; Chagas, A. C. S./0000-0003-3939-0088; Ferreira, Jorge F.S./0000-0003-4550-6761 FU Embrapa Pecuaria Sudeste (CPPSE) FX The authors are grateful for the financial support from Embrapa Pecuaria Sudeste (CPPSE), and for the technical support of Dr. Sergio Novita Esteves, Dr. Simone Fernandes, Dr. Helder Louvandini, Barbara Rubert, and Camila Olivo de Carvalho. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY 25 PY 2012 VL 186 IS 3-4 BP 312 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.12.003 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 946FH UT WOS:000304336400020 PM 22206645 ER PT J AU Burke, JM Miller, JE Mosjidis, JA Terrill, TH AF Burke, J. M. Miller, J. E. Mosjidis, J. A. Terrill, T. H. TI Use of a mixed sericea lespedeza and grass pasture system for control of gastrointestinal nematodes in lambs and kids SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Copper oxide wire particles; FAMACHA (c); Haemonchus contortus; Gastrointestinal nematodes; Sericea lespedeza ID OXIDE WIRE PARTICLES; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; CONDENSED TANNINS; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE; GOATS; SHEEP; INFECTION; EFFICACY; HAY AB Because of a high prevalence of anthelmintic resistance and consumer demand for chemical free meat products, management tools to minimize the need for deworming are needed. The objective was to examine the effectiveness of grazing sericea lespedeza (SL) in a mixed grass or a pure forage system for control of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN); in other words pasture systems included grass, grass plus SL, or SL alone (Experiments 2 and 3). Selective use of copper oxide wire particles (COWP) based on the FAMACHA (c) system was used to aid in GIN control. In Experiment 1, lambs co-grazed bermudagrass (BG; n = 21) or SL in a mixed grass pasture (SLM; n = 22) with dams for 14 days. In Experiment 2, lambs grazed BG (n = 14), SLM (n = 13), or pure SL (SLP; n = 13) pastures for 56 days. In Experiment 3, doe kids grazed BG (n = 12), SLM (n = 13), or SLP (n = 13) for 84 days. Animals were fed a 16% crude protein supplement based on NRC requirements and estimated forage quality of pastures, so that 454, 389, and 200 g/lamb (Experiment 2), or 454, 300, and 150 g of supplement/goat (Experiment 3) was fed to BG, SLM, and SLP, respectively. Animals were dewormed with COWP if FAMACHA (c) was >3. Coprocultures were conducted to identify GIN genus. In Experiment 1, FEC were reduced in lambs grazing SLM compared with BG pastures. In Experiment 2, FEC were reduced in SLP compared with BG lambs on all days, and reduced in SLM compared with BG lambs on day 56. Initially, Haemonchus contortus was the predominant nematode, but the population shifted to other species in the SL groups by the end of the study. The mean number of dewormings/lamb was 0.71, 0.20, and 0.21 +/- 0.13 for BG, SLM, and SLP groups, respectively. In goats in Experiment 3, Trichostrongylus spp. was the predominant nematode in May and June and H. contortus in July. There was little meaningful effect of forage treatments on GIN infection in kids. Because H. contort us was not the predominant nematode in kids, the integrated approaches used may not have been effective in controlling GIN. Grazing SL was effective for GIN control in lambs in early summer, but the effect was delayed in lambs grazing a mixed SL/grass pasture unless lambs initially grazed with dams. An integrated approach used that included SL grazing and COWP for deworming was effective in lambs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Burke, J. M.] ARS, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Miller, J. E.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Mosjidis, J. A.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Terrill, T. H.] Ft Valley State Univ, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. RP Burke, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM joan.burke@ars.usda.gov FU Southern Region Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education [LS08-204] FX This study was supported by a grant from the Southern Region Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (Project No. LS08-204). The authors wish to thank G. Robson and j. Cherry of the Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center and former student and temporary workers S. Moore, L. Rowlands, R. Stengle, K. Ratvasky, and L Hotubbee for their assistance with the lambs and kids. Appreciation is extended to D. Burner for providing rainfall data. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY 25 PY 2012 VL 186 IS 3-4 BP 328 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.11.074 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 946FH UT WOS:000304336400022 PM 22192772 ER PT J AU Burke, JM Miller, JE Mosjidis, JA Terrill, TH AF Burke, J. M. Miller, J. E. Mosjidis, J. A. Terrill, T. H. TI Grazing sericea lespedeza for control of gastrointestinal nematodes in lambs SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FAMACHA (c); Haemonchus contortus; Integrated control; Gastrointestinal nematodes; Sericea lespedeza ID OXIDE WIRE PARTICLES; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; UNITED-STATES; GOATS; SHEEP; INFECTIONS; FARMS AB Alternatives to chemical dewormers are needed to counter anthelmintic resistance and improve worm control in organic management systems. The objective was to examine the effectiveness of grazing sericea lespedeza (SL) compared with grass pastures for control of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in lambs. In Experiment 1, Katahdin lambs grazed bermudagrass (BG; n = 14), tall fescue (IF; n = 7), or SL (n = 19) pastures during early summer months. In Experiment 2, lambs grazed TF (n = 15) or SL (n = 13) pastures during late summer. Stocking rate of pastures was based on forage availability; additional lambs grazed pastures in Experiment 2, but were not sampled. Lambs were dewormed with 0.5 g COWP if FAMACHA (c) score was >3. In Experiment 1, FEC were reduced within 35 days in SL compared with BG lambs (forage by time, P=0.03). The PCV was more resilient to changes over time in SL compared with other groups of lambs (forage by time, P=0.001). In Experiment 2, FEC were lower (P=0.02) and PCV tended to be higher (P=0.09) in lambs grazing SL compared with TF forage. Incidence of deworming was similar among forage groups in both experiments. Grazing SL reduced FEC in lambs in early and late summer, despite reluctance by lambs to graze. Grazing forage and selective deworming using COWP was effective in lambs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Burke, J. M.] ARS, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Miller, J. E.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Mosjidis, J. A.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Terrill, T. H.] Ft Valley State Univ, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. RP Burke, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM joan.burke@ars.usda.gov FU USDA, CSREES [2005-51300-02392] FX This research was supported by USDA, CSREES, Integrated Organic Program (Project No. 2005-51300-02392). The authors wish to thank G. Robson and J. Cherry of the Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center and former student workers D. Boersma and L. Rowlands for their assistance with the lambs and kids. Appreciation is extended to D. Burner for providing rainfall data. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY 25 PY 2012 VL 186 IS 3-4 BP 507 EP 512 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.12.004 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 946FH UT WOS:000304336400048 PM 22226762 ER PT J AU Cai, DY Rodriguez, F Teng, YW Ane, C Bonierbale, M Mueller, LA Spooner, DM AF Cai, Danying Rodriguez, Flor Teng, Yuanwen Ane, Cecile Bonierbale, Meredith Mueller, Lukas A. Spooner, David M. TI Single copy nuclear gene analysis of polyploidy in wild potatoes (Solanum section Petota) SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONSERVED ORTHOLOG SEQUENCES; MULTIPLE ORIGINS; GENOME EVOLUTION; SPECIES TREES; ACAULE BITTER; DNA; CONSEQUENCES; CHLOROPLAST; ASTERACEAE; PHYLOGENY AB Background: Recent genomic studies have drastically altered our knowledge of polyploid evolution. Wild potatoes (Solanum section Petota) are a highly diverse and economically important group of about 100 species widely distributed throughout the Americas. Thirty-six percent of the species in section Petota are polyploid or with diploid and polyploid cytotypes. However, the group is poorly understood at the genomic level and the series is ideal to study polyploid evolution. Two separate studies using the nuclear orthologs GBSSI and nitrate reductase confirmed prior hypotheses of polyploid origins in potato and have shown new origins not proposed before. These studies have been limited, however, by the use of few accessions per polyploid species and by low taxonomic resolution, providing clade-specific, but not species-specific origins within clades. The purpose of the present study is to use six nuclear orthologs, within 54 accessions of 11 polyploid species, 34 accessions of 29 diploid species of section Petota representing their putative progenitors, and two outgroups, to see if phenomena typical of other polyploid groups occur within wild potatoes, to include multiple origins, loss of alleles, or gain of new alleles. Results: Our results increase resolution within clades, giving better ideas of diploid progenitors, and show unexpected complexity of allele sharing within clades. While some species have little diversity among accessions and concur with the GBSSI and nitrate reductase results, such as S. agrimonifolium, S. colombianum, S. hjertingii, and S. moscopanum, the results give much better resolution of species-specific progenitors. Seven other species, however, show variant patterns of allele distributions suggesting multiple origins and allele loss. Complex three-genome origins are supported for S. hougasii, and S. schenckii, and one of the ten accessions of S. stoloniferum. A very unexpected shared presence of alleles occurs within one clade of S. verrucosum from Central America, and S. berthaultii from South America in six polyploid species S. demissum, S. hjertingii, S. hougasii, S. iopetalum, S. schenckii, and S. stoloniferum. Conclusions: Our results document considerable genomic complexity of some wild potato polyploids. These can be explained by multiple hybrid origins and allele losses that provide a clear biological explanation for the taxonomic complexity in wild potato polyploids. These results are of theoretical and practical benefit to potato breeders, and add to a growing body of evidence showing considerable complexity in polyploid plants in general. C1 [Cai, Danying; Rodriguez, Flor; Spooner, David M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA, ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cai, Danying; Teng, Yuanwen] Zhejiang Univ, State Agr Minist Key Lab Hort Plant Growth Dev &, Dept Hort, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Rodriguez, Flor] INIA, Ctr Reg Invest Remehue, Osorno, Chile. [Ane, Cecile] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ane, Cecile] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bonierbale, Meredith] Int Potato Ctr, Lima 12, Peru. [Mueller, Lukas A.] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Spooner, DM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA, ARS, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM david.spooner@ars.usda.gov RI Teng, Yuanwen/A-3515-2015; OI Ane, Cecile/0000-0002-4702-8217 FU USDA; NSF DEB [0316614, 0949121]; USDA National Research Initiative [2008-35300-18669]; China Scholarship Council FX This work was supported by the USDA and by NSF DEB (grant number 0316614; and USDA National Research Initiative grant number 2008-35300-18669) to DS and a grant from China Scholarship Council to DC, and by NSF DEB (grant number 0949121) to CA and DS. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this paper site is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 78 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 33 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD MAY 24 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 70 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-12-70 PG 16 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 994ND UT WOS:000307936600001 PM 22624678 ER PT J AU Starcevich, SJ Howell, PJ Jacobs, SE Sankovich, PM AF Starcevich, Steven J. Howell, Philip J. Jacobs, Steven E. Sankovich, Paul M. TI Seasonal Movement and Distribution of Fluvial Adult Bull Trout in Selected Watersheds in the Mid-Columbia River and Snake River Basins SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; LIFE-HISTORY; MIGRATION PATTERNS; HABITAT USE; POPULATION; CONSERVATION; MONTANA; IDAHO; LANDSCAPE; DRAINAGE AB From 1997 to 2004, we used radio telemetry to investigate movement and distribution patterns of 206 adult fluvial bull trout (mean, 449 mm FL) from watersheds representing a wide range of habitat conditions in northeastern Oregon and southwestern Washington, a region for which there was little previous information about this species. Migrations between spawning and wintering locations were longest for fish from the Imnaha River (median, 89 km) and three Grande Ronde River tributaries, the Wenaha (56 km) and Lostine (41 km) rivers and Lookingglass Creek (47 km). Shorter migrations were observed in the John Day (8 km), Walla Walla (20 km) and Umatilla river (22 km) systems, where relatively extensive human alterations of the riverscape have been reported. From November through May, fish displayed station-keeping behavior within a narrow range (basin medians, 0.5-6.2 km). Prespawning migrations began after snowmelt-driven peak discharge and coincided with declining flows. Most postspawning migrations began by late September. Migration rates of individuals ranged from 0.1 to 10.7 km/day. Adults migrated to spawning grounds in consecutive years and displayed strong fidelity to previous spawning areas and winter locations. In the Grande Ronde River basin, most fish displayed an unusual fluvial pattern: After exiting the spawning tributary and entering a main stem river, individuals moved upstream to wintering habitat, often a substantial distance (maximum, 49 km). Our work provides additional evidence of a strong migratory capacity in fluvial bull trout, but the short migrations we observed suggest adult fluvial migration may be restricted in basins with substantial anthropogenic habitat alteration. More research into bull trout ecology in large river habitats is needed to improve our understanding of how adults establish migration patterns, what factors influence adult spatial distribution in winter, and how managers can protect and enhance fluvial populations. C1 [Starcevich, Steven J.; Jacobs, Steven E.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Native Fish Invest Project, Corvallis, OR USA. [Howell, Philip J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, La Grande, OR USA. [Sankovich, Paul M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, La Grande, OR USA. RP Starcevich, SJ (reprint author), Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Native Fish Invest Project, Corvallis, OR USA. EM steve.starcevich@oregonstate.edu FU Bonneville Power Administration [94B134342, 4101]; USDA Forest Service; Idaho Power Company FX Bonneville Power Administration Contract Numbers 94B134342, 4101 (http://www.bpa.gov/corporate/). USDA Forest Service (http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/about/labs.shtml). No contract number is available. Idaho Power Company (http://www.idahopower.com/). No contract number is available. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 30 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 24 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e37257 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0037257 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959UB UT WOS:000305338900012 PM 22655037 ER PT J AU Vahling-Armstrong, CM Zhou, HS Benyon, L Morgan, JK Duan, YP AF Vahling-Armstrong, Cheryl M. Zhou, Huasong Benyon, Lesley Morgan, J. Kent Duan, Yongping TI Two Plant Bacteria, S. meliloti and Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus, Share Functional znuABC Homologues That Encode for a High Affinity Zinc Uptake System SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SINORHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRANSPORT PROTEIN; BINDING PROTEIN; SEQUENCE; GENE; VIRULENCE; ZUR; IDENTIFICATION; CONSTRUCTION AB The Znu system, encoded for by znuABC, can be found in multiple genera of bacteria and has been shown to be responsible for the import of zinc under low zinc conditions. Although this high-affinity uptake system is known to be important for both growth and/or pathogenesis in bacteria, it has not been functionally characterized in a plant-associated bacterium. A single homologue of this system has been identified in the plant endosymbiont, Sinorhizobium meliloti, while two homologous systems were found in the destructive citrus pathogen, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. To understand the role of these protein homologues, a complementation assay was devised allowing the individual genes that comprise the system to be assayed independently for their ability to reinstate a partially-inactivated Znu system. Results from the assays have demonstrated that although all of the genes from S. meliloti were able to restore activity, only one of the two Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus encoded gene clusters contained genes that were able to functionally complement the system. Additional analysis of the gene clusters reveals that distinct modes of regulation may also exist between the Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus and S. meliloti import systems despite the intracellular-plant niche common to both of these bacteria. C1 [Vahling-Armstrong, Cheryl M.; Zhou, Huasong; Benyon, Lesley; Morgan, J. Kent; Duan, Yongping] ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP Vahling-Armstrong, CM (reprint author), ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL USA. EM yongping.duan@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture (USDA); Citrus Research and Development Foundation (CRDF) [162]; Florida Citrus Advanced Technology Program [162] FX US Department of Agriculture (USDA), and Citrus Research and Development Foundation (CRDF) grant #162. Funding for this work was provided by the Florida Citrus Advanced Technology Program award 162. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 24 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e37340 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0037340 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959UB UT WOS:000305338900014 PM 22655039 ER PT J AU Zhu, YC Guo, ZB He, YP Luttrell, R AF Zhu, Yu Cheng Guo, Zibiao He, Yueping Luttrell, Randall TI Microarray Analysis of Gene Regulations and Potential Association with Acephate-Resistance and Fitness Cost in Lygus lineolaris SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TARNISHED PLANT BUG; GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASES; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; FIELD POPULATIONS; S,S,S-TRIBUTYL PHOSPHOROTRITHIOATE; HETEROPTERA MIRIDAE; CYTOCHROMES P450; TOBACCO BUDWORM AB The tarnished plant bug has become increasingly resistant to organophosphates in recent years. To better understand acephate resistance mechanisms, biological, biochemical, and molecular experiments were systematically conducted with susceptible (LLS) and acephate-selected (LLR) strains. Selection of a field population with acephate significantly increased resistance ratio to 5.9-fold, coupled with a significant increase of esterase activities by 2-fold. Microarray analysis of 6,688 genes revealed 329 up- and 333 down-regulated (>= 2-fold) genes in LLR. Six esterase, three P450, and one glutathione S-transferase genes were significantly up-regulated, and no such genes were down-regulated in LLR. All vitellogenin and eggshell protein genes were significantly down-regulated in LLR. Thirteen protease genes were significantly down-regulated and only 3 were up-regulated in LLR. More than twice the number of catalysis genes and more than 3.6-fold of metabolic genes were up-regulated, respectively, as compared to those down-regulated with the same molecular and biological functions. The large portion of metabolic or catalysis genes with significant up-regulations indicated a substantial increase of metabolic detoxification in LLR. Significant increase of acephate resistance, increases of esterase activities and gene expressions, and variable esterase sequences between LLS and LLR consistently demonstrated a major esterase-mediated resistance in LLR, which was functionally provable by abolishing the resistance with esterase inhibitors. In addition, significant elevation of P450 gene expression and reduced susceptibility to imidacloprid in LLR indicated a concurrent resistance risk that may impact other classes of insecticides. This study demonstrated the first association of down-regulation of reproductive- and digestive-related genes with resistance to conventional insecticides, suggesting potential fitness costs associated with resistance development. This study shed new light on the understanding of the molecular basis of insecticide resistance, and the information is highly valuable for development of chemical control guidelines and tactics to minimize resistance and cross-resistance risks. C1 [Zhu, Yu Cheng; Guo, Zibiao; Luttrell, Randall] ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS USA. [He, Yueping] Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect & Microbiol, State Key Lab Breeding Base Zhejiang Sustainable, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RP Zhu, YC (reprint author), ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS USA. EM yc.zhu@ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 21 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 24 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e37586 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0037586 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959UB UT WOS:000305338900035 PM 22655059 ER PT J AU Freeman, EA Moisen, GG Frescino, TS AF Freeman, Elizabeth A. Moisen, Gretchen G. Frescino, Tracey S. TI Evaluating effectiveness of down-sampling for stratified designs and unbalanced prevalence in Random Forest models of tree species distributions in Nevada SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Random forests; Species distributions; Down sampling; Species prevalence ID HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; CLASSIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; PREDICTION; PENINSULA; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY; HABITAT AB Random Forests is frequently used to model species distributions over large geographic areas. Complications arise when data used to train the models have been collected in stratified designs that involve different sampling intensity per stratum. The modeling process is further complicated if some of the target species are relatively rare on the landscape leading to an unbalanced number of presences and absences in the training data. We explored means to accommodate unequal sampling intensity across strata as well as the unbalanced species prevalence in Random Forest models for tree and shrub species distributions in the state of Nevada. For the unequal sampling intensity issue, we tested three modeling strategies: fitting models using all the data, down-sampling the intensified stratum; and building separate models for each stratum. We explored unbalanced species prevalence by investigating the effects of down-sampling the more prevalent response (presence or absence), and by optimizing the cutoff thresholds for declaring a species present. When modeling species presence with stratified data that was collected with different sampling intensities per stratum, we found that neither down-sampling the intensified stratum, nor fitting individual strata models, improved model performance. We also found that balancing the number of presences and absences in a training data set by down-sampling did not improve predictive models of species distributions, and did not eliminate the need to optimize thresholds. We then apply our final choice of model to the full raster layers for Nevada to produce statewide species distribution maps. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Freeman, Elizabeth A.; Moisen, Gretchen G.; Frescino, Tracey S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. RP Freeman, EA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 507 25th St, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. EM eafreeman@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAY 24 PY 2012 VL 233 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmode1.2012.03.007 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 941PF UT WOS:000303974400001 ER PT J AU Holm, JA Shugart, HH Van Bloem, SJ Larocque, GR AF Holm, Jennifer A. Shugart, H. H. Van Bloem, S. J. Larocque, G. R. TI Gap model development, validation, and application to succession of secondary subtropical dry forests of Puerto Rico SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE ZELIG-TROP; Recovery; Secondary forests; Guanica; Forest simulator; Parameterization; Sprouting; Individual-based ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; TREE MORTALITY; LAND-USE; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; COMPUTER-MODEL; GROWTH-MODEL; DYNAMICS; RECOVERY AB Because of human pressures, the need to understand and predict the long-term dynamics and development of subtropical dry forests is urgent. Through modifications to the ZELIG simulation model, including the development of species- and site-specific parameters and internal modifications, the capability to model and predict forest change within the 4500-ha Guanica State Forest in Puerto Rico can now be accomplished. Published datasets and additional data from the U.S. Forest Service Forest Inventory Analysis were used to parameterize the new gap model, ZELIG-TROP. We used data from permanent plots (1500 m(2)) located inside the Guanica State Forest in Puerto Rico to test the model. Our first objective was to accurately re-create the observed forest succession for a Puerto Rican subtropical dry forest using ZELIG-TROP. For this objective, the model testing was successful. Simulated total basal area, species composition, total stem density, and biomass all closely resembled the observed Puerto Rican forest (R: 0.59-0.96). Leaf area index was the variable predicted least accurately (r = 0.59). Our second objective was to test the capability of ZELIG-TROP to predict successional patterns of secondary forests across a gradient of abandoned fields currently being reclaimed as forests. Abandoned fields that are on degraded lands have a delayed response to fully recover and reach a mature forest status during the simulated time period for this objective, 200 years. The forest recovery trends matched predictions published in other studies; attributes involving early resource acquisition (canopy height, canopy coverage, density) were the fastest to recover, but attributes used for structural development (biomass, basal area) were relatively slow in recovery. Recovery of abandoned fields, especially degraded systems, may take longer time periods, as simulated here. Biomass and basal area, two attributes that tend to increase during later successional stages in some studies, are significantly lower during the first 80-100 years of recovery than in a mature forest, suggesting that the time scale of resilience in subtropical dry forests needs to be partially redefined. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Holm, Jennifer A.; Shugart, H. H.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22902 USA. [Van Bloem, S. J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. [Larocque, G. R.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. RP Holm, JA (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, 291 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22902 USA. EM jah3fr@virginia.edu RI Shugart, Herman/C-5156-2009; Van Bloem, Skip/C-5315-2016 OI Van Bloem, Skip/0000-0001-7165-6646 FU Environmental Sciences Department at University of Virginia (Charlottesville, USA); US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA EPSCoR) [NNX09AV03A] FX Research was supported and funded by the Environmental Sciences Department at University of Virginia (Charlottesville, USA), and in part by US National Aeronautics and Space Administration Experimental Project to Stimulate Competitive Research (NASA EPSCoR, Grant No. NNX09AV03A). Along with support from Dr. Ariel Lugo and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry for assistance with data, and Dr. Miguel Velez Reyes, Dr. Howard Epstein, and Dr. Robert Davis for guidance, reviewing, and editing this manuscript. NR 111 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAY 24 PY 2012 VL 233 BP 70 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.03.014 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 941PF UT WOS:000303974400009 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH Gealy, DR Tomecek, MB Jackson, AK Black, HL AF Ziska, Lewis H. Gealy, David R. Tomecek, Martha B. Jackson, Aaron K. Black, Howard L. TI Recent and Projected Increases in Atmospheric CO2 Concentration Can Enhance Gene Flow between Wild and Genetically Altered Rice (Oryza sativa) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WEEDY RED RICE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLEARFIELD(TM) RICE; NECTAR PRODUCTION; PLANTS; ENRICHMENT; RELATIVES AB Although recent and projected increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide can alter plant phenological development, these changes have not been quantified in terms of floral outcrossing rates or gene transfer. Could differential phenological development in response to rising CO2 between genetically modified crops and wild, weedy relatives increase the spread of novel genes, potentially altering evolutionary fitness? Here we show that increasing CO2 from an early 20th century concentration (300 mu mol mol(-1)) to current (400 mu mol mol(-1)) and projected, mid-21st century (600 mu mol mol(-1)) values, enhanced the flow of genes from wild, weedy rice to the genetically altered, herbicide resistant, cultivated population, with outcrossing increasing from 0.22% to 0.71% from 300 to 600 mu mol mol(-1). The increase in outcrossing and gene transfer was associated with differential increases in plant height, as well as greater tiller and panicle production in the wild, relative to the cultivated population. In addition, increasing CO2 also resulted in a greater synchronicity in flowering times between the two populations. The observed changes reported here resulted in a subsequent increase in rice dedomestication and a greater number of weedy, herbicide-resistant hybrid progeny. Overall, these data suggest that differential phenological responses to rising atmospheric CO2 could result in enhanced flow of novel genes and greater success of feral plant species in agroecosystems. C1 [Ziska, Lewis H.; Tomecek, Martha B.] ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Gealy, David R.; Jackson, Aaron K.; Black, Howard L.] ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, USDA, Stuttgart, AR USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. EM l.ziska@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 23 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e37522 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0037522 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959TH UT WOS:000305335800052 PM 22649533 ER PT J AU Uchimiya, M Bannon, DI Wartelle, LH Lima, IM Klasson, KT AF Uchimiya, Minori Bannon, Desmond I. Wartelle, Lynda H. Lima, Isabel M. Klasson, K. Thomas TI Lead Retention by Broiler Litter Biochars in Small Arms Range Soil: Impact of Pyrolysis Temperature SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE heavy metal; bioavailability; manure; fertilizer; biomass; phosphorus ID CONTAMINATED SOILS; IN-VITRO; BIOAVAILABILITY; PHOSPHORUS; PHOSPHATE; BIOMASS; WASTE; AMENDMENTS; TOXICITY; RELEASE AB Phosphorus-rich manure biochar has a potential for stabilizing Pb and other heavy metal contaminants, as well as serving as a sterile fertilizer. In this study, broiler litter biochars produced at 350 and 650 degrees C were employed to understand how biochar's elemental composition (P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cu, Pb, Sb, and Zn) affects the extent of heavy metal stabilization. Soil incubation experiments were conducted using a sandy, slightly acidic (pH 6.11) Pb-contaminated (19906 mg kg(-1) total Pb primarily as PbCO3) small arms range (SAR) soil fraction (<250 mu m) amended with 2-20 wt % biochar. The Pb stabilization in pH 4.9 acetate buffer reached maximum at lower (2-10 wt %) biochar amendment rate, and 350 degrees C biochar containing more soluble P was better able to stabilize Pb than the 650 degrees C biochar. The 350 degrees C biochar consistently released greater amounts of P, K, Mg, Na, and Ca than 650 degrees C biochar in both unbuffered (pH 4.5 sulfuric acid) and buffered (pH 4.9 acetate) systems, despite 1.9-4.5-fold greater total content of the 650 degrees C biochar. Biochars, however, did not influence the total extractable Pb over three consecutive equilibration periods consisting of (1) 1 week in pH 4.5 sulfuric acid (simulated leaching by rainfall), (2) 1 week in pH 4.9 acetate buffer (standard solution for toxicity characteristic leaching procedure), and (3) 1 h in pH 1.5 glycine at 37 degrees C (in vitro bioaccessibility procedure). Overall, lower pyrolysis temperature was favorable for stabilizing Pb (major risk driver of SAR soils) and releasing P, K, Ca, and other plant nutrients in a sandy acidic soil. C1 [Uchimiya, Minori; Wartelle, Lynda H.; Lima, Isabel M.; Klasson, K. Thomas] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Bannon, Desmond I.] USA, Army Inst Publ Hlth, Publ Hlth Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Uchimiya, M (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sophie.uchimiya@ars.usda.gov OI Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081 NR 50 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 71 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 23 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 20 BP 5035 EP 5044 DI 10.1021/jf300825n PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 945OJ UT WOS:000304285600003 PM 22548418 ER PT J AU Xu, ZL Dong, JX Wang, H Li, ZF Beier, RC Jiang, YM Lei, HT Shen, YD Yang, JY Sun, YM AF Xu, Zhen-Lin Dong, Jie-Xian Wang, Hong Li, Zhen-Feng Beier, Ross C. Jiang, Yue-Ming Lei, Hong-Tao Shen, Yu-Dong Yang, Jin-Yi Sun, Yuan-Ming TI Production and Characterization of a Single-Chain Variable Fragment Linked Alkaline Phosphatase Fusion Protein for Detection of O,O-Diethyl Organophosphorus Pesticides in a One-Step Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE single-chain variable fragment; alkaline phosphatase; fusion protein; broad specificity; organophosphorus pesticide ID BROAD-SPECIFICITY IMMUNOASSAY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTIBODY FRAGMENT; FV ANTIBODY; EXPRESSION; CLONING; ELISA; CONSTRUCTION; RECOGNITION; ATRAZINE AB A single-chain variable fragment (scFv) linked alkaline phosphatase (AP) fusion protein for detection of O,O-diethyl organophosphorus pesticides (O,O-diethyl OPs) was produced and characterized. The scFv gene was prepared by cloning V-L and V-H genes from hybridoma cells secreting monoclonal antibody with broad specificity for O,O-diethyl OPs. The amplified V-L and V-H regions were assembled using a linker (Gly(4)Ser)(3) by means of splicing overlap extension polymerase chain reaction to obtain the scFv gene, which was cloned into the expression vector pLIP6/GN containing an AP gene to produce the scFv-AP fusion protein in Escherichia coli strain BL21. The protein was purified by antigen-conjugated immunoaffinity chromatography and characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blotting, and competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cdELISA). The fusion protein is bifunctional, retaining both antigen binding specificity and AP enzymatic activity. Analysis of spiked and blind river water and Chinese cabbage samples demonstrated that the fusion protein based cdELISA(FP) exhibited good sensitivity and reproducibility. C1 [Xu, Zhen-Lin; Dong, Jie-Xian; Wang, Hong; Li, Zhen-Feng; Lei, Hong-Tao; Shen, Yu-Dong; Yang, Jin-Yi; Sun, Yuan-Ming] S China Agr Univ, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Food Qual & Safety, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Xu, Zhen-Lin; Jiang, Yue-Ming] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Key Lab Plant Resources Conservat & Sustainable U, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Beier, Ross C.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Sun, YM (reprint author), S China Agr Univ, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Food Qual & Safety, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM ymsun@scau.edu.cn RI Lei, Hongtao/A-2532-2014 FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2012CB720803]; Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest of China [201003008-08] FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, Grant 2012CB720803) and the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest of China (Grant 201003008-08). NR 30 TC 16 Z9 23 U1 6 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 23 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 20 BP 5076 EP 5083 DI 10.1021/jf300570q PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 945OJ UT WOS:000304285600008 PM 22533788 ER PT J AU Grabber, JH Ress, D Ralph, J AF Grabber, John H. Ress, Dino Ralph, John TI Identifying New Lignin Bioengineering Targets: Impact of Epicatechin, Quercetin Glycoside, and Gallate Derivatives on the Lignification and Fermentation of Maize Cell Walls SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE plant genetic engineering; cell wall; fiber; lignin; monolignol; flavan-3-ol; flavonol; gallate; fermentation; degradability; rumen; biofuel; biomass; forage ID CROSS-LINKING; DEGRADABILITY; GAS; (+)-CATECHIN; CONIFERYL; OXIDATION; APOPLAST; LACCASE; MODEL; PH AB Apoplastic targeting of secondary metabolites compatible with monolignol polymerization may provide new avenues for designing lignins that are less inhibitory toward fiber fermentation. To identify suitable monolignol substitutes, primary maize cell walls were artificially lignified with normal monolignols plus various epicatechin, quercetin glycoside, and gallate derivatives added as 0 or 45% by weight of the precursor mixture. The flavonoids and gallates had variable effects on peroxidase activity, but all dropped lignification pH. Epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, epicatechin vanillate, epigallocatechin, galloylhyperin, and pentagalloylglucose formed wall-bound lignin at moderate to high concentrations, and their incorporation increased 48 h in vitro ruminal fiber fermentability by 20-33% relative to lignified controls. By contrast, ethyl gallate and corilagin severely depressed lignification and increased 48 h fermentability by about 50%. The results suggest several flavonoid and gallate derivatives are promising lignin bioengineering targets for improving the inherent fermentability of nonpretreated cell walls. C1 [Grabber, John H.] ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ress, Dino; Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Bioenergy Initiat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Grabber, JH (reprint author), ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM john.grabber@ars.usda.gov FU Stanford University; USDA-ARS FX This work was funded by Stanford University's Global Climate and Energy Project (GCEP) and by USDA-ARS in-house funds. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 23 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 20 BP 5152 EP 5160 DI 10.1021/jf203986a PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 945OJ UT WOS:000304285600018 PM 22475000 ER PT J AU Jarret, RL Levy, IJ AF Jarret, Robert L. Levy, Irvin J. TI Oil and Fatty Acid Contents in Seed of Citrullus lanatus Schrad SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE watermelon; citron; egusi; roundmelon; seed oil; TD-NMR; Citrullus rehmii; Citrullus ecirrhosus ID CUCUMEROPSIS-MANNII NAUDIN; MELON SEEDS; CUCURBITACEAE; NIGERIA; PROTEIN AB Intact seed of 475 genebank accessions of Citrullus (C. lanatus var. lanatus and C. lanatus var. citroides) were analyzed for percent oil content using TD-NMR. Extracts from whole seed of 96 accessions of C. lanatus (30 var. citroides, 33 var. lanatus, and 33 egusi), C. colocynthis (n = 3), C. ecirrhosus (n = 1), C. rehmii (n = 1), and Benincasa fistulosa (n = 3) were also analyzed for their fatty acids content. Among the materials analyzed, seed oil content varied from 14.8 to 43.5%. Mean seed oil content in egusi types of C. lanatus was significantly higher (mean = 35.6%) than that of either var. lanatus (mean = 23.2%) or var. citroides (mean = 22.6%). Egusi types of C. lanatus had a significantly lower hull/kernel ratio when compared to other C. lanatus var. lanatus or C. lanatus var. citroides. The principal fatty acid in all C. lanatus materials examined was linoleic acid (43.6-73%). High levels of linoleic acid were also present in the materials of C. colocynthis (71%), C. ecirrhosus (62.7%), C. rehmii (75.8%), and B. fistulosa (73.2%), which were included for comparative purposes. Most all samples contained traces (<0.5%) of arachidonic acid. The data presented provide novel information on the range in oil content and variability in the concentrations of individual fatty acids present in a diverse array of C. lanatus, and its related species, germplasm. C1 [Jarret, Robert L.] ARS, USDA, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Levy, Irvin J.] Gordon Coll, Dept Chem, Wenham, MA 01984 USA. RP Jarret, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM bob.jarret@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 23 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 20 BP 5199 EP 5204 DI 10.1021/jf300046f PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 945OJ UT WOS:000304285600023 PM 22540530 ER PT J AU Bonnaillie, LM Tornasula, PM AF Bonnaillie, Laetitia M. Tornasula, Peggy M. TI Fractionation of Whey Protein Isolate with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide To Produce Enriched alpha-Lactalbumin and beta-Lactoglobulin Food Ingredients SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE whey proteins; fractionation process; supercritical carbon dioxide; alpha-lactalbumin; beta-lactoglobulin ID THERMAL-DENATURATION; ISOELECTRIC PRECIPITATION; MILK-PROTEINS; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; REACTION-KINETICS; CHEESE WHEY; SKIM MILK; CASEIN; AGGREGATION; CO2 AB An environmentally friendly protein fractionation process using supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) as an acid was developed to produce enriched alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) and beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) fractions from whey protein isolate solutions containing from 2 to 10% WPI. This study investigated the effects of pH, temperature, WPI concentration, and residence time on the precipitation kinetics and recovery yields of individual whey proteins and the relative enrichment and composition of both protein fractions. At 5.5-34 MPa and 60-65 degrees C, solubilized SCO2 decreased solution pH and induced the formation and precipitation of alpha-LA aggregates. Gel electrophoresis and HPLC of the enriched fractions demonstrated the production of >= 60% pure alpha-LA, and >= 70% pure beta-LG, under various operating conditions, from WPI containing 57% beta-LG and 21% alpha-LA. The enriched fractions are ready-to-use food ingredients with neutral pH, untainted by acids and contaminants. C1 [Bonnaillie, Laetitia M.; Tornasula, Peggy M.] ARS, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Bonnaillie, LM (reprint author), ARS, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM bonnaillie@ars.usda.gov RI Bonnaillie, Laetitia/A-9829-2013 NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 23 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 20 BP 5257 EP 5266 DI 10.1021/jf3011036 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 945OJ UT WOS:000304285600031 PM 22559165 ER PT J AU Musunuru, K Romaine, SPR Lettre, G Wilson, JG Volcik, KA Tsai, MY Taylor, HA Schreiner, PJ Rotter, JI Rich, SS Redline, S Psaty, BM Papanicolaou, GJ Ordovas, JM Liu, K Krauss, RM Glazer, NL Gabriel, SB Fornage, M Cupples, LA Buxbaum, SG Boerwinkle, E Ballantyne, CM Kathiresan, S Rader, DJ AF Musunuru, Kiran Romaine, Simon P. R. Lettre, Guillaume Wilson, James G. Volcik, Kelly A. Tsai, Michael Y. Taylor, Herman A., Jr. Schreiner, Pamela J. Rotter, Jerome I. Rich, Stephen S. Redline, Susan Psaty, Bruce M. Papanicolaou, George J. Ordovas, Jose M. Liu, Kiang Krauss, Ronald M. Glazer, Nicole L. Gabriel, Stacey B. Fornage, Myriam Cupples, L. Adrienne Buxbaum, Sarah G. Boerwinkle, Eric Ballantyne, Christie M. Kathiresan, Sekar Rader, Daniel J. TI Multi-Ethnic Analysis of Lipid-Associated Loci: The NHLBI CARe Project SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; TRIGLYCERIDES; DESIGN; GENES; RISK AB Background: Whereas it is well established that plasma lipid levels have substantial heritability within populations, it remains unclear how many of the genetic determinants reported in previous studies (largely performed in European American cohorts) are relevant in different ethnicities. Methodology/Principal Findings: We tested a set of similar to 50,000 polymorphisms from similar to 2,000 candidate genes and genetic loci from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for association with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) in 25,000 European Americans and 9,000 African Americans in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Candidate Gene Association Resource (CARe). We replicated associations for a number of genes in one or both ethnicities and identified a novel lipid-associated variant in a locus harboring ICAM1. We compared the architecture of genetic loci associated with lipids in both African Americans and European Americans and found that the same genes were relevant across ethnic groups but the specific associated variants at each gene often differed. Conclusions/Significance: We identify or provide further evidence for a number of genetic determinants of plasma lipid levels through population association studies. In many loci the determinants appear to differ substantially between African Americans and European Americans. C1 [Musunuru, Kiran; Gabriel, Stacey B.] Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA USA. [Musunuru, Kiran; Kathiresan, Sekar] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Musunuru, Kiran; Kathiresan, Sekar] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Romaine, Simon P. R.] Univ Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Lettre, Guillaume] Univ Montreal, Montreal Heart Inst, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Wilson, James G.; Taylor, Herman A., Jr.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Volcik, Kelly A.; Fornage, Myriam; Boerwinkle, Eric] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Houston, TX USA. [Schreiner, Pamela J.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Taylor, Herman A., Jr.; Buxbaum, Sarah G.] Jackson State Univ, Jackson, MS USA. [Rotter, Jerome I.] Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Inst Med Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. [Rich, Stephen S.] Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. [Redline, Susan] Univ Hosp, Case Med Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Redline, Susan] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Psaty, Bruce M.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Psaty, Bruce M.] Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Grp Hlth Res Inst, Seattle, WA USA. [Papanicolaou, George J.] NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, JM United States Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Krauss, Ronald M.] Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. [Glazer, Nicole L.; Cupples, L. Adrienne] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Liu, Kiang] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Cupples, L. Adrienne] NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA. [Ballantyne, Christie M.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Rader, Daniel J.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Musunuru, K (reprint author), Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA USA. EM cmb@bcm.edu; sekar@broadinstitute.org; rader@mail.med.upenn.edu RI Buxbaum, Sarah/E-1970-2013; OI Buxbaum, Sarah/0000-0002-4886-3564; Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965 FU T32 grant in Cell and Molecular Training for Cardiovascular Biology from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [K99-HL098364]; University of Virginia [R01-HL-071205] FX The following nine parent studies have contributed parent study data, ancillary study data, and DNA samples through the Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard (N01-HC-65226): Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N01-HC-55015, N01-HC-55018), Baylor Medical College (N01-HC-55016), University of Mississippi Medical Center (N01-HC-55021), University of Minnesota (N01-HC-55019), Johns Hopkins University (N01-HC-55020), University of Texas, Houston (N01-HC-55022); Cardiovascular Health Study: University of Washington (N01-HC-85079, N01-HC-55222, U01-HL-080295), Wake Forest University (N01-HC-85080), Johns Hopkins University (N01-HC-85081, N01-HC-15103), University of Pittsburgh (N01-HC-85082), University of California, Davis (N01-HC-85083), University of California, Irvine (N01-HC-85084), New England Medical Center (N01-HC-85085), University of Vermont (N01-HC-85086), Georgetown University (N01-HC-35129), University of Wisconsin (N01-HC-75150); Cleveland Family Study: Case Western Reserve University (R01-HL-46380, M01-RR-00080); Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease: University of Illinois (N01-HB-72982, N01-HB-97062), Howard University (N01-HB-72991, N01-HB-97061), University of Miami (N01-HB-72992, N01-HB-97064), Duke University (N01-HB-72993), George Washington University (N01-HB-72994), University of Tennessee (N01-HB-72995, N01-HB-97070), Yale University (N01-HB-72996, N01-HB-97072), Children's Hospital-Philadelphia (N01-HB-72997, N01-HB-97056), University of Chicago (N01-HB-72998, N01-HB-97053), Medical College of Georgia (N01-HB-73000, N01-HB-97060), Washington University (N01-HB-73001, N01-HB-97071), Jewish Hospital and Medical Center of Brooklyn (N01-HB-73002), Trustees of Health and Hospitals of the City of Boston, Inc., (N01-HB-73003), Children's Hospital-Oakland (N01-HB-73004, N01-HB-97054), University of Mississippi (N01-HB-73005), St. Luke's Hospital-New York (N01-HB-73006), Alta Bates-Herrick Hospital (N01-HB-97051), Columbia University (N01-HB-97058), St.; Jude's Children's Research Hospital (N01-HB-97066), Research Foundation, State University of New York-Albany (N01-HB-97068, N01-HB-97069), New England Research Institute (N01-HB-97073), Interfaith Medical Center-Brooklyn (N01-HB-97085); Coronary Artery Risk in Young Adults: University of Alabama at Birmingham (N01-HC-48047, N01-HC-95095), University of Minnesota (N01-HC-48048), Northwestern University (N01-HC-48049), Kaiser Foundation Research Institute (N01-HC-48050), Tufts-New England Medical Center (N01-HC-45204), Wake Forest University (N01-HC-45205), Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Research and Education Institute (N01-HC-05187), University of California, Irvine (N01-HC-45134, N01-HC-95100) ;Framingham Heart Study: Boston University (N01-HC-25195, R01-HL-092577, R01-HL-076784, R01-AG-028321); Jackson Heart Study: Jackson State University (N01-HC-95170), University of Mississippi (N01-HC-95171), Tougaloo College (N01-HC-95172); Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis: University of Washington (N01-HC-95159), University of California, Los Angeles (N01-HC-95160), Columbia University (N01-HC-95161), Johns Hopkins University (N01-HC-95162, N01-HC-95168), University of Minnesota (N01-HC-95163), Northwestern University (N01-HC-95164), Wake Forest University (N01-HC-95165), University of Vermont (N01-HC-95166), New England Medical Center (N01-HC-95167), Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Research and Education Institute (N01-HC-95169), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (R01-HL-071205), University of Virginia (subcontract to R01-HL-071205); Sleep Heart Health Study: Johns Hopkins University (U01-HL-064360), Case Western University (U01-HL-063463), University of California, Davis (U01-HL-053916), University of Arizona (U01-HL-053938, U01-HL-053934), University of Pittsburgh (U01-HL-077813), Boston University (U01-HL-053941), MedStar Research Institute (U01-HL-063429), Johns Hopkins University (U01-HL-053937). This work was also supported in part by a T32 grant in Cell and Molecular Training for Cardiovascular Biology and K99-HL098364 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (KM). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 21 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e36473 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0036473 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959VD UT WOS:000305343100005 PM 22629316 ER PT J AU Sun, XZ Wertz, N Lager, KL Tobin, G Butler, JE AF Sun, X. -Z. Wertz, N. Lager, K. L. Tobin, G. Butler, J. E. TI Antibody repertoire development in fetal and neonatal piglets. XXIII: Fetal piglets infected with a vaccine strain of PRRS Virus display the same immune dysregulation seen in isolator piglets SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV); Swine influenza (S-FLU); Antibody repertoire diversification; Fetal piglets ID RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS; DEHYDROGENASE-ELEVATING VIRUS; V-H GENES; B-CELLS; POLYCLONAL ACTIVATION; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT; PREIMMUNE REPERTOIRE; UNITED-STATES; YOUNG-PIGS AB The Ig levels and antibody repertoire diversification in fetal piglets infected with an attenuated Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) were measured. Serum Ig levels were greatly elevated in PRRSV-infected fetuses; IgG was elevated >50-fold, IgM > 5-15-fold and IgA > 2-fold compared to control fetuses. Their IgM to IgG to IgA profile was the same as that in isolator piglets infected for the same period with wild-type PRRSV. Fetal animals showed less repertoire diversification than even isolator piglets that were maintained germfree (GF) while the repertoire diversification index (RDI) for PRRSV-infected isolator piglets was 10-fold higher and comparable to littermates infected with swine influenza (S-FLU). However, when expressed as the RDI:Ig ratio, infected fetuses appeared 10-fold less capable of repertoire diversification than uninfected littermates and GF isolator piglets. Compared to S-FLU isolator piglets that resolve the infection, the RDI:Ig of PRRSV-infected isolator piglets was 100-fold lower. Overall, infection of fetuses with an attenuated virus shows the same immune dysregulation seen postnatally in wild type infected isolator piglets, indicating that: (a) attenuation did not alter the ability of the virus to cause dysregulation and (b) the isolator infectious model reflects the fetal disease. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sun, X. -Z.; Wertz, N.; Butler, J. E.] Univ Iowa, Dept Microbiol, Carver Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Sun, X. -Z.; Wertz, N.; Butler, J. E.] Univ Iowa, Interdisciplinary Immunol Program, Carver Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Lager, K. L.] ARS, NADC, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Tobin, G.] Biol Mimet, Frederick, MD USA. RP Butler, JE (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Microbiol, Carver Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM john-butler@uiowa.edu FU Biological Mimetics; NSF-IOS [0077237] FX Contract from Biological Mimetics and NSF-IOS Grant 0077237. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 21 PY 2012 VL 30 IS 24 BP 3646 EP 3652 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.03.038 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 951SY UT WOS:000304741500021 PM 22465749 ER PT J AU Weber, GM Hostuttler, MA AF Weber, Gregory M. Hostuttler, Mark A. TI Factors affecting the first cleavage interval and effects of parental generation on tetraploid production in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Fish; Salmonid; Polyploid; Tetraploid; Fertility; Broodstock ID PRESSURE-SHOCK; SURVIVAL; CONTAINMENT; RETENTION; INDUCTION; EMBRYOS; GROWTH; HEAT; FISH AB Tetraploidy is induced in rainbow trout by applying a pressure shock at a specific time point between insemination and first cleavage, or the first cleavage interval (FCI). Previous studies suggested that variation in the FCI among individuals and populations of fish prevents the identification of a single time point that can be used for all trout. In this study we confirmed the optimal time to apply pressure is 65 +/- 5% of the FCI. In addition, we found that variation in FCI of fish from a common environment can be within limits that allow a single time point to be established for that group of fish, if ova post ovulatory aging is taken into account. Aging of ova, either in vivo or in vitro, increased FCI to a degree that is a concern for tetraploid induction. The FCI was about 12 min longer at 7 days post ovulation, and 30 min at 10-14 days, than at 1 day. The FCI for a group of fish was consistent throughout the spawning season. Survival to hatching and frequency of spinal abnormalities were similar for progeny of first and second generation tetraploid males, but survival was doubled and abnormalities reduced by approximately 90% in second generation tetraploid females compared with first generation females. All progeny of tetraploid by tetraploid crosses were determined to be tetraploids based on flow cytometry of embryonic cells. In summary, attention to ova aging and use of second generation female tetraploids allows efficient production of a tetraploid rainbow trout broodstock. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Weber, Gregory M.; Hostuttler, Mark A.] ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Weber, GM (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM greg.weber@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service [1930-31000-010-000D] FX We thank Meghan Manor and Kevin Melody for assistance with the flow cytometry and Kyle Anderson with assistance in FCI determination. We also acknowledge animal caretaking contributions from Josh Kretzer, Jim Everson, Jenea McGowan, Kyle Jenkins, and Kevin Melody. Funding for this study came from the Agricultural Research Service Project 1930-31000-010-000D. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAY 21 PY 2012 VL 344 BP 231 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.03.017 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 935TJ UT WOS:000303543500032 ER PT J AU Lara, P Ely, B Quinn, DI Tangen, CM Gertz, E Mack, PC Twardowski, P Vogelzang, NJ Hussain, M Thompson, IM Van Loan, M AF Lara, Primo Ely, Benjamin Quinn, David I. Tangen, Catherine M. Gertz, Erik Mack, Philip C. Twardowski, Przemyslaw Vogelzang, Nicholas J. Hussain, Maha Thompson, Ian Murchie Van Loan, Marta TI SWOG 0421: Prognostic and predictive value of bone metabolism biomarkers (BMB) in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients (pts) with skeletal metastases treated with docetaxel (DOC) with or without atrasentan (ATR). SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology (ASCO) CY JUN 01-06, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol (ASCO) C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ So Calif, Kenneth Norris Jr Comprehens Canc Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. USDA, WHNRC, Davis, CA USA. City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Duarte, CA USA. McKesson Specialty Hlth, US Oncol Res LLC, The Woodlands, TX USA. Comprehens Canc Ctr Nevada, Las Vegas, NV USA. Univ Michigan, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 2318 MILL ROAD, STE 800, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD MAY 20 PY 2012 VL 30 IS 15 SU S MA 4547 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 131QQ UT WOS:000318009803082 ER PT J AU Tchouassi, DP Sang, R Sole, CL Bastos, ADS Cohnstaedt, LW Torto, B AF Tchouassi, David P. Sang, Rosemary Sole, Catherine L. Bastos, Armanda D. S. Cohnstaedt, Lee W. Torto, Baldwyn TI Trapping of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) vectors using Light Emitting Diode (LED) CDC traps in two arboviral disease hot spots in Kenya SO PARASITES & VECTORS LA English DT Article DE Mosquito surveillance; Rift Valley Fever vectors; Light-emitting diodes; Light trap; Kenya ID SPP. DIPTERA; COLORED LIGHT; AEDES-AEGYPTI; FLIES; MOSQUITOS; RESPONSES; PSYCHODIDAE; ATTRACTANT; TABANIDAE; CULICIDAE AB Background: Mosquitoes' response to artificial lights including color has been exploited in trap designs for improved sampling of mosquito vectors. Earlier studies suggest that mosquitoes are attracted to specific wavelengths of light and thus the need to refine techniques to increase mosquito captures following the development of super-bright light-emitting diodes (LEDs) which emit narrow wavelengths of light or very specific colors. Therefore, we investigated if LEDs can be effective substitutes for incandescent lamps used in CDC light traps for mosquito surveillance, and if so, determine the best color for attraction of important Rift Valley Fever (RFV) vectors. Methods: The efficiency of selected colored LED CDC light traps (red, green, blue, violet, combination of blue-green-red (BGR)) to sample RVF vectors was evaluated relative to incandescent light (as control) in a CDC light trap in two RVF hotspots (Marigat and Ijara districts) in Kenya. In field experiments, traps were baited with dry ice and captures evaluated for Aedes tricholabis, Ae. mcintoshi, Ae. ochraceus, Mansonia uniformis, Mn. africana and Culex pipiens, following Latin square design with days as replicates. Daily mosquito counts per treatment were analyzed using a generalized linear model with Negative Binomial error structure and log link using R. The incidence rate ratios (IRR) that mosquito species chose other treatments instead of the control, were estimated. Results: Seasonal preference of Ae. mcintoshi and Ae. ochraceus at Ijara was evident with a bias towards BGR and blue traps respectively in one trapping period but this pattern waned during another period at same site with significantly low numbers recorded in all colored traps except blue relative to the control. Overall results showed that higher captures of all species were recorded in control traps compared to the other LED traps (IRR < 1) although only significantly different from red and violet. Conclusion: Based on our trapping design and color, none of the LEDs outcompeted the standard incandescent light. The data however provides preliminary evidence that a preference might exist for some of these mosquito species based on observed differential attraction to these light colors requiring future studies to compare reflected versus transmitted light and the incorporation of colored light of varying intensities. C1 [Tchouassi, David P.; Sang, Rosemary; Torto, Baldwyn] Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, Nairobi, Kenya. [Tchouassi, David P.; Sole, Catherine L.; Bastos, Armanda D. S.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Sang, Rosemary] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Virus Res, Nairobi, Kenya. [Cohnstaedt, Lee W.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Torto, B (reprint author), Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, POB 30772, Nairobi, Kenya. EM btorto@icipe.org RI Bastos, Armanda/B-6357-2009 OI Bastos, Armanda/0000-0002-9223-4204 FU Arbovirus Incidence and Diversity Project consortium-icipe; ILRI; KARI; Kenya Ministry of Livestock-Department of Veterinary Services; KEMRI; Kenya Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation; International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe); German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD); KWS; Google.org FX Many thanks to Francis Mulwa and James Wauna for their commitment to this work in field experiments and other individuals at the trapping communities who helped in the same capacity. We acknowledge the technical assistance of Dunston Betti, John Gachoya, Joel Lutomiah all of KEMRI and James Mutysia of WRP, Nairobi. Our sincere gratitude to Dr. Salifu Daisy, Mr. Benedict Orindi and Mrs Caroline Tigoi all of icipe, Nairobi. The services of the chiefs of the trapping communities both at Marigat and Ijara districts are equally acknowledged. Our immense gratitude to Arbovirus Incidence and Diversity Project consortium-icipe, ILRI, KARI, Kenya Ministry of Livestock-Department of Veterinary Services, KEMRI, Kenya Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation and KWS; the director of the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe) Prof. Christian Borgemeister for his leadership in initiating discussions with Google.org for financial support and the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) for a studentship to DPT. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 24 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1756-3305 J9 PARASITE VECTOR JI Parasites Vectors PD MAY 19 PY 2012 VL 5 AR 94 DI 10.1186/1756-3305-5-94 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 986JM UT WOS:000307337900001 PM 22608087 ER PT J AU Li, RG Gao, S Hernandez, AG Wechter, WP Fei, ZJ Ling, KS AF Li, Rugang Gao, Shan Hernandez, Alvaro G. Wechter, W. Patrick Fei, Zhangjun Ling, Kai-Shu TI Deep Sequencing of Small RNAs in Tomato for Virus and Viroid Identification and Strain Differentiation SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PEPINO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; GREENHOUSE TOMATOES; 1ST REPORT; NATURAL INFECTION; PLANTS; DISCOVERY; ALIGNMENT; EVOLUTION; INSIGHTS; PATHOGEN AB Small RNAs (sRNA), including microRNAs (miRNA) and small interfering RNAs (siRNA), are produced abundantly in plants and animals and function in regulating gene expression or in defense against virus or viroid infection. Analysis of siRNA profiles upon virus infection in plant may allow for virus identification, strain differentiation, and de novo assembly of virus genomes. In the present study, four suspected virus-infected tomato samples collected in the U. S. and Mexico were used for sRNA library construction and deep sequencing. Each library generated between 5-7 million sRNA reads, of which more than 90% were from the tomato genome. Upon in-silico subtraction of the tomato sRNAs, the remaining highly enriched, virus-like siRNA pools were assembled with or without reference virus or viroid genomes. A complete genome was assembled for Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) using siRNA alone. In addition, a near complete virus genome (98%) also was assembled for Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV). A common mixed infection of two strains of PepMV (EU and US1), which shared 82% of genome nucleotide sequence identity, also could be differentially assembled into their respective genomes. Using de novo assembly, a novel potyvirus with less than 60% overall genome nucleotide sequence identity to other known viruses was discovered and its full genome sequence obtained. Taken together, these data suggest that the sRNA deep sequencing technology will likely become an efficient and powerful generic tool for virus identification in plants and animals. C1 [Li, Rugang; Wechter, W. Patrick; Ling, Kai-Shu] ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, Charleston, SC USA. [Gao, Shan; Fei, Zhangjun] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hernandez, Alvaro G.] Univ Illinois, WM Keck Ctr Comparat & Funct Genom, Urbana, IL USA. [Fei, Zhangjun] USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Li, RG (reprint author), ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, Charleston, SC USA. EM zf25@Cornell.edu; kai.ling@ars.usda.gov OI Li, Rugang/0000-0001-6514-496X; Fei, Zhangjun/0000-0001-9684-1450 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Specialty Crop Research Initiative [SCRI-600-25320]; National Science Foundation [IOS-1110080] FX This work is supported by a grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Specialty Crop Research Initiative (SCRI-600-25320) to KSL and by National Science Foundation (IOS-1110080) to ZF. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 42 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 61 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 18 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e37127 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0037127 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959VG UT WOS:000305343500061 PM 22623984 ER PT J AU Akond, ASMGM Pounders, CT Blythe, EK Wang, XW AF Akond, A. S. M. G. Masum Pounders, Cecil T. Blythe, Eugene K. Wang, Xinwang TI Longevity of crapemyrtle pollen stored at different temperatures SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE Lagerstroemia spp.; Pollen germination; Pollen transportation; Interspecific cross; Breeding ID TUBE GROWTH; STORAGE; GERMINATION; VIABILITY; POLLINATION; HEIGHT; LEAF AB Temperatures for storage of crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia spp.) pollen over time were studied using clones of two interspecific hybrids (L. 'Cheyenne' and L 'Wichita') and five species (L indica 'Catawba', L subcostata (NA 40181), L limii (SHL2004-1). L speciosa (MIA 36606), and L fauriei 'Kiowa'). Pollen samples were stored at room temperature (23 +/- 1 degrees C), 4 degrees C, -20 degrees C and -80 degrees C Germination of pollen samples was examined at 0, 7, 15, 45, 75, or 105 days of storage (DOS) and data were analyzed using linear models. Fresh (0 DOS) pollen of L 'Cheyenne' showed the highest germination (80%). For all other clones, pollen germination at 0 DOS ranged from 44% (L speciosa) to 77% (L. fauriei 'Kiowa'). Pollen of all clones lost their viability within 7 DOS at room temperature. Overall, this study indicated that Lagerstroemia pollen is best maintained over time when pollen is stored under refrigeration, with a storage temperature of -20 degrees C often being preferable to 4 degrees C. Lowering the storage temperature to -80 degrees C is generally unnecessary, but not deleterious to pollen germination. Storage of viable crapemyrtle pollen for no longer than 75-105 days is adequate for allowing breeders to efficiently execute hybridization of germplasm flowering at different times or in widely separated locations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pounders, Cecil T.] USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Akond, A. S. M. G. Masum; Wang, Xinwang] Texas A&M Syst, Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. [Blythe, Eugene K.] Mississippi State Univ, Coastal Res & Extens Ctr, S Mississippi Branch, Expt Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Pounders, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Box 287,810 Highway 26 W, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM Cecil.Pounders@ARS.USDA.GOV; xw-wang@tamu.edu NR 32 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD MAY 18 PY 2012 VL 139 BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2012.02.021 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 951SK UT WOS:000304740100009 ER PT J AU Blair, JE Coffey, MD Martin, FN AF Blair, Jaime E. Coffey, Michael D. Martin, Frank N. TI Species Tree Estimation for the Late Blight Pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, and Close Relatives SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HOMOPLOID HYBRID SPECIATION; RIBOSOMAL DNA-SEQUENCES; GENE TREES; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; HAPLOTYPE RECONSTRUCTION; BAYESIAN-ESTIMATION; NATURAL HYBRIDS; PLANT PATHOGEN AB To better understand the evolutionary history of a group of organisms, an accurate estimate of the species phylogeny must be known. Traditionally, gene trees have served as a proxy for the species tree, although it was acknowledged early on that these trees represented different evolutionary processes. Discordances among gene trees and between the gene trees and the species tree are also expected in closely related species that have rapidly diverged, due to processes such as the incomplete sorting of ancestral polymorphisms. Recently, methods have been developed for the explicit estimation of species trees, using information from multilocus gene trees while accommodating heterogeneity among them. Here we have used three distinct approaches to estimate the species tree for five Phytophthora pathogens, including P. infestans, the causal agent of late blight disease in potato and tomato. Our concatenation-based "supergene" approach was unable to resolve relationships even with data from both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, and from multiple isolates per species. Our multispecies coalescent approach using both Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods was able to estimate a moderately supported species tree showing a close relationship among P. infestans, P. andina, and P. ipomoeae. The topology of the species tree was also identical to the dominant phylogenetic history estimated in our third approach, Bayesian concordance analysis. Our results support previous suggestions that P. andina is a hybrid species, with P. infestans representing one parental lineage. The other parental lineage is not known, but represents an independent evolutionary lineage more closely related to P. ipomoeae. While all five species likely originated in the New World, further study is needed to determine when and under what conditions this hybridization event may have occurred. C1 [Blair, Jaime E.] Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Biol, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. [Coffey, Michael D.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Martin, Frank N.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA USA. RP Blair, JE (reprint author), Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Biol, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. EM jaime.blair@fandm.edu FU Fred C. Gloeckner Foundation; USDA-NRI [2005-35605-15393]; Franklin & Marshall College from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania; Ben Franklin Technology Development Authority; Howard Hughes Medical Institute FX This project was funded in part by the Fred C. Gloeckner Foundation (JEB) and the USDA-NRI Plant Biosecurity Program award number 2005-35605-15393 (MDC, FNM). JEB acknowledges support from grants to Franklin & Marshall College from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Ben Franklin Technology Development Authority, and from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute's Undergraduate Science Education Program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 101 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 21 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 17 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e37003 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0037003 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959UQ UT WOS:000305341200030 PM 22615869 ER PT J AU Nearing, GS Crow, WT Thorp, KR Moran, MS Reichle, RH Gupta, HV AF Nearing, G. S. Crow, W. T. Thorp, K. R. Moran, M. S. Reichle, R. H. Gupta, H. V. TI Assimilating remote sensing observations of leaf area index and soil moisture for wheat yield estimates: An observing system simulation experiment SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; FERTILIZER-N; LAND-SURFACE; SPRING WHEAT; CROP MODEL; RETRIEVAL; GROWTH; WATER AB Observing system simulation experiments were used to investigate ensemble Bayesian state-updating data assimilation of observations of leaf area index (LAI) and soil moisture (theta) for the purpose of improving single-season wheat yield estimates with the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) CropSim-Ceres model. Assimilation was conducted in an energy-limited environment and a water-limited environment. Modeling uncertainty was prescribed to weather inputs, soil parameters and initial conditions, and cultivar parameters and through perturbations to model state transition equations. The ensemble Kalman filter and the sequential importance resampling filter were tested for the ability to attenuate effects of these types of uncertainty on yield estimates. LAI and theta observations were synthesized according to characteristics of existing remote sensing data, and effects of observation error were tested. Results indicate that the potential for assimilation to improve end-of-season yield estimates is low. Limitations are due to a lack of root zone soil moisture information, error in LAI observations, and a lack of correlation between leaf and grain growth. C1 [Nearing, G. S.; Gupta, H. V.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Crow, W. T.] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, W Beltsville, MD USA. [Moran, M. S.] ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Reichle, R. H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Thorp, K. R.] ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Nearing, GS (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Harshbarger Bldg, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM grey@email.arizona.edu; wade.crow@ars.usda.gov; kelly.thorp@usda.gov; susan.moran@ars.usda.gov; rolf.reichle@nasa.gov; hoshin.gupta@hwr.arizona.edu RI Reichle, Rolf/E-1419-2012; Nearing, Grey/K-4510-2012; Thorp, Kelly/C-2013-2009; Gupta, Hoshin/D-1642-2010 OI Thorp, Kelly/0000-0001-9168-875X; Gupta, Hoshin/0000-0001-9855-2839 FU NASA; NASA SMAP Science Definition Team; [08-SMAPSDT08-0042] FX This research was jointly supported by a grant from the NASA Terrestrial Ecology program entitled "Ecological and agricultural productivity forecasting using root-zone soil moisture products derived from the NASA SMAP mission'' (principal investigator W. T. Crow), the NASA SMAP Science Definition Team, and grant 08-SMAPSDT08-0042 (principal investigator M. S. Moran). The authors would like to thank Cheryl Porter from the Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering at the University of Florida for her help acquiring and managing DSSAT source code. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 52 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 17 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W05525 DI 10.1029/2011WR011420 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 945DQ UT WOS:000304253400003 ER PT J AU Arismendi, I Johnson, SL Dunham, JB Haggerty, R Hockman-Wert, D AF Arismendi, Ivan Johnson, Sherri L. Dunham, Jason B. Haggerty, Roy Hockman-Wert, David TI The paradox of cooling streams in a warming world: Regional climate trends do not parallel variable local trends in stream temperature in the Pacific continental United States SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RIVER TEMPERATURE; WESTERN; SNOWPACK; WILDFIRE; TESTS AB Temperature is a fundamentally important driver of ecosystem processes in streams. Recent warming of terrestrial climates around the globe has motivated concern about consequent increases in stream temperature. More specifically, observed trends of increasing air temperature and declining stream flow are widely believed to result in corresponding increases in stream temperature. Here, we examined the evidence for this using long-term stream temperature data from minimally and highly human-impacted sites located across the Pacific continental United States. Based on hypothesized climate impacts, we predicted that we should find warming trends in the maximum, mean and minimum temperatures, as well as increasing variability over time. These predictions were not fully realized. Warming trends were most prevalent in a small subset of locations with longer time series beginning in the 1950s. More recent series of observations (1987-2009) exhibited fewer warming trends and more cooling trends in both minimally and highly human-influenced systems. Trends in variability were much less evident, regardless of the length of time series. Based on these findings, we conclude that our perspective of climate impacts on stream temperatures is clouded considerably by a lack of long-term data on minimally impacted streams, and biased spatio-temporal representation of existing time series. Overall our results highlight the need to develop more mechanistic, process-based understanding of linkages between climate change, other human impacts and stream temperature, and to deploy sensor networks that will provide better information on trends in stream temperatures in the future. Citation: Arismendi, I., S. L. Johnson, J. B. Dunham, R. Haggerty, and D. Hockman-Wert (2012), The paradox of cooling streams in a warming world: Regional climate trends do not parallel variable local trends in stream temperature in the Pacific continental United States, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L10401, doi:10.1029/2012GL051448. C1 [Arismendi, Ivan; Haggerty, Roy] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Johnson, Sherri L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.; Hockman-Wert, David] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Arismendi, I (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ivan.arismendi@oregonstate.edu RI Haggerty, Roy/A-5863-2009; Arismendi, Ivan/B-3144-2010 OI Arismendi, Ivan/0000-0002-8774-9350 FU National Science Foundation [DEB 08-23380]; US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; Oregon State University [10-JV-11261991-055]; US Geological Survey FX We thank the agencies and programs, specifically the USGS, USFS and LTER, for their foresight in beginning to collect and archive these data decades ago and continuing these measurements. Steve Wondzell, Dan Isaak, Fred Swanson, Brooke Penaluna and five anonymous reviewers provided comments on the manuscript. Mohammad Safeeq provided the scripts to obtain the data for the trend analysis of air temperature. Part of the data was provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 08-23380), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. Financial support for IA was provided by US Geological Survey, the US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station and Oregon State University through joint venture agreement 10-JV-11261991-055. Use of firm or trade names is for reader information only and does not imply endorsement of any product or service by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 16 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L10401 DI 10.1029/2012GL051448 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 945GQ UT WOS:000304261500002 ER PT J AU Holt, MD Moreau, RA DerMarderosian, A McKeown, N Jacques, PF AF Holt, Monte D. Moreau, Robert A. DerMarderosian, Ara McKeown, Nicola Jacques, Paul F. TI Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Alkylresorcinols in Food Products Containing Uncooked and Cooked Wheat SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE accelerated solvent extraction; alkylresorcinols; ARs; ASE; lipids; wheat ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; CEREAL PRODUCTS; RYE AB This research focuses on the overall extraction process of alkylresorcinols (ARs) from uncooked grains and baked products that have been processed with wheat, corn, rice, and white flour. Previously established extraction methods developed by Ross and colleagues, as well as a semiautomated method involving accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), were applied to extract ARs within freshly ground samples. For extraction of alkylresorcinols, nonpolar solvents such as ethyl acetate have been recommended for the extraction of uncooked foods, and polar solvents such as 1-propanol:water (3:1 v/v) have been recommended for the extraction of baked foods that contain rye, wheat, or other starch-rich grains. A comparison of AR extraction methods has been investigated with the application of gas chromatography and a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) to quantify the AR content. The goal of this research was to compare the rapid accelerated solvent extraction of the alkylresorcinols (ASE-AR) method to the previous manual AR extraction methods. Results for this study as well as the investigation of the overall efficiency of ASE-AR extraction with the use of a spiking study indicated that it can be comparable to current extraction methods but with less time required. Furthermore, the extraction time for ASE (approximately 40 min) is much more convenient and less tedious and time-consuming than previously established methods, which range from 5 h for processed foods to 24 h for raw grains. C1 [Holt, Monte D.; DerMarderosian, Ara] Univ Sci Philadelphia, Dept Chem & Biochem, Pharmacognosy Program, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Moreau, Robert A.] ARS, ERRC, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [McKeown, Nicola; Jacques, Paul F.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Holt, MD (reprint author), Univ Sci Philadelphia, Dept Chem & Biochem, Pharmacognosy Program, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 16 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 19 BP 4799 EP 4802 DI 10.1021/jf3001422 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 942FD UT WOS:000304027300005 PM 22530555 ER PT J AU Lee, ST Davis, TZ Cook, D Stegelmeier, BL AF Lee, Stephen T. Davis, T. Zane Cook, Daniel Stegelmeier, Bryan L. TI Evaluation of Drying Methods and Toxicity of Rayless Goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) and White Snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) in Goats SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE rayless goldenrod; Isocoma pluriflora; white snakeroot; Eupatorium rugosum; Ageratina altissima; tremetone; dehydrotremetone ID EUPATORIUM URTICAEFOLIUM; CONSTITUENT; RICHWEED; KETONES AB White snakeroot and rayless goldenrod cause "trembles" and "milk sickness" in livestock and humans, respectively. The toxin in white snakeroot and rayless goldenrod was identified in 1927 and 1930, respectively, as tremetol. It was reported that the toxin in white snakeroot disappears as it is dried and that completely dried plants were incapable of producing trembles or milk sickness. Conversely, it has been reported that the rayless goldenrod toxin was not destroyed by drying and that the plant is toxic either fresh or dry. In this study the concentrations of tremetone, dehydrotremetone, and structurally similar compounds were determined in white snakeroot and rayless goldenrod before and after various drying conditions. Tremetone, dehydrotremetone, and structurally similar compounds in rayless goldenrod and white snakeroot are most stable upon freeze-drying, followed by air-drying, and least stable upon oven-drying (60 degrees C). Also demonstrated is that tremetone is stable and that dried white snakeroot and rayless goldenrod are capable of inducing toxicosis in livestock. C1 [Lee, Stephen T.; Davis, T. Zane; Cook, Daniel; Stegelmeier, Bryan L.] ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Lee, ST (reprint author), ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM stephen.lee@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 16 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 19 BP 4849 EP 4853 DI 10.1021/jf300829v PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 942FD UT WOS:000304027300012 PM 22541005 ER PT J AU Wu, ST Li, RW Li, WZ Li, CJ AF Wu, Sitao Li, Robert W. Li, Weizhong Li, Cong-Jun TI Transcriptome Characterization by RNA-seq Unravels the Mechanisms of Butyrate-Induced Epigenomic Regulation in Bovine Cells SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID KIDNEY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; REPRESSIVE COMPLEX 2; SODIUM-BUTYRATE; GENE-EXPRESSION; NONCODING RNAS; IN-VITRO; CHROMATIN; APOPTOSIS; PATHWAYS; BINDING AB Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyrate, affect cell differentiation, proliferation, and motility. Butyrate also induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through its inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs). In addition, butyrate is a potent inducer of histone hyper-acetylation in cells. Therefore, this SCFA provides an excellent in vitro model for studying the epigenomic regulation of gene expression induced by histone acetylation. In this study, we analyzed the differential in vitro expression of genes induced by butyrate in bovine epithelial cells by using deep RNA-sequencing technology (RNA-seq). The number of sequences read, ranging from 57,303,693 to 78,933,744, were generated per sample. Approximately 11,408 genes were significantly impacted by butyrate, with a false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05. The predominant cellular processes affected by butyrate included cell morphological changes, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Our results provided insight into the transcriptome alterations induced by butyrate, which will undoubtedly facilitate our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying butyrate-induced epigenomic regulation in bovine cells. C1 [Wu, Sitao; Li, Weizhong] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Res Biol Syst, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Li, Robert W.; Li, Cong-Jun] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Wu, ST (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Res Biol Syst, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM congjun.li@ars.usda.gov RI Li, Weizhong/A-9735-2008 OI Li, Weizhong/0000-0003-1804-9403 FU National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) [R01HG005978] FX SW and WL were partly supported by Award R01HG005978 to WL from the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NHGRI or the National Institutes of Health. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. No additional external funding was received for this study. NR 48 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e36940 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0036940 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959TM UT WOS:000305336300051 PM 22615851 ER PT J AU Zheng, W Li, XL Yates, SR Bradford, SA AF Zheng, Wei Li, Xiaolin Yates, Scott R. Bradford, Scott A. TI Anaerobic Transformation Kinetics and Mechanism of Steroid Estrogenic Hormones in Dairy Lagoon Water SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; DEGRADATION KINETICS; MANURE APPLICATION; NATURAL ESTROGENS; SWINE MANURE; WASTE-WATER; NEW-ZEALAND; LOAM SOIL; SORPTION AB Wastewater from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) frequently contains high concentrations of steroid estrogenic hormones. Release of these hormones into the environment may occur when CAFO wastewater is applied to agricultural lands as a nutrient and water source for crop production. To assess the potential risk of hormone contaminants derived from animal wastewater, we investigated the transformation kinetics and mechanisms of three natural estrogenic hormones (17 alpha-estradiol, 17 beta-estradiol, and estrone) in aqueous solutions blended with dairy lagoon water under anaerobic conditions. Initial transformations of the three hormones in the dairy lagoon water were dominated by biodegradation and the degradation rates were temperature-dependent. The total amounts of hormones (initial concentration at 5 mg L-1) remaining in the solution after 52 days at 35 degrees C accounted for approximately 85%, 78%, and 77% of the initial amounts of 17 alpha-estradiol, 17 beta-estradiol, and estrone, respectively. This observation suggests that these hormones are relatively stable over time and may accumulate in anaerobic or anoxic environments and anaerobic CAFO lagoons. A racemization reaction between 17 alpha-estradiol and 17 beta-estradiol via estrone was observed in aqueous solutions in the presence of CAFO wastewater under anaerobic conditions. The initial hormone concentrations did not affect this degradation mechanism. A reversible reaction kinetic model was applied to fit the observed transformation dynamics. The degradation and regeneration of the parent hormone and its metabolites were successfully simulated by this model. The information in this study is useful for assessing the environmental risk of steroid hormones released from CAFO wastewater and to better understand why these hormone contaminants persist in many aquatic environments. C1 [Zheng, Wei; Li, Xiaolin] Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois Sustainable Technol Ctr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Yates, Scott R.; Bradford, Scott A.] USDA ARS, Contaminant Fate & Transport Unit, Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Zheng, W (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois Sustainable Technol Ctr, 1 Hazelwood Dr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM wzheng@istc.illinois.edu RI Li, Xiaolin/E-5320-2013 FU Agriculture and Food Research Initiate from USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2010-65102-20403] FX This study was supported by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiate Competitive Grant no. 2010-65102-20403 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. We gratefully thank Christie Teausant and Brian Meschewski for their assistance with some of the sample analysis. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions for improving this paper. NR 45 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 10 U2 86 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 10 BP 5471 EP 5478 DI 10.1021/es301551h PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 941LM UT WOS:000303964700030 PM 22519517 ER PT J AU Gobster, PH Xiang, WN AF Gobster, Paul H. Xiang, Wei-Ning TI Mapping the intellectual landscape of Landscape and Urban Planning (cover for Volume 106) SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gobster, Paul H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. [Xiang, Wei-Ning] E China Normal Univ, Shanghai Inst Urban Ecol & Sustainabil, Shanghai Key Lab Urban Ecol Proc & Ecorestorat, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. RP Gobster, PH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 1033 Univ Pl,Suite 360, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. EM pgobster@gmail.com; wnxiang@mail.ecnu.edu.cn RI Gobster, Paul/A-2826-2013 OI Gobster, Paul/0000-0002-8576-0310 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 106 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.03.001 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 942UL UT WOS:000304075200001 ER PT J AU Witbracht, MG Laugero, KD Van Loan, MD Adams, SH Keim, NL AF Witbracht, Megan G. Laugero, Kevin D. Van Loan, Marta D. Adams, Sean H. Keim, Nancy L. TI Performance on the Iowa Gambling Task is related to magnitude of weight loss and salivary cortisol in a diet-induced weight loss intervention in overweight women SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Obesity; Food intake; Stress; Executive function ID DECISION-MAKING; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; ANOREXIA-NERVOSA; FOOD RESTRICTION; LOSS MAINTENANCE; OBESITY; STRESS; RESTRAINT; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS AB The overall objective of this study was to examine the relationship between executive function, specifically decision-making, and weight loss. We used the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) to characterize decision-making and compared performance on this task to weight loss in obese women (n = 29) participating in a 12-week controlled, calorie-reduced intervention. We hypothesized that a greater amount of weight loss over the course of the intervention would be associated with better performance on the IGT. assessed at the end of the intervention. The intervention led to significant weight loss of 5.8 +/- 3.1 kg (p < 0.05) and fat loss of 5.1 +/- 3.0 kg ( p < 0.05). Body weight and fat mass losses over the 12-week intervention varied widely, ranging from -12.5 kg to 0.0 kg for body weight and -10.4 kg to + 0.8 kg for fat mass. A greater amount of body weight loss was correlated (r = 0.425; p < 0.01) with a higher total score on the IGT. Similarly, the reduction in body fat mass was also correlated with the IGT score (r = 0.408; p < 0.05). We examined other physiological (salivary cortisol), metabolic (resting energy expenditure), and behavioral (food intake; dietary restraint) factors that might be related to differences in the magnitude of weight loss. Of these variables, ad libitum consumption of energy, fat and protein during a buffet meal was inversely related to weight loss (r = -0.428; p < 0.05: r = -0.375: p < 0.05 and r = -0.472: p = 0.01, respectively). The present study is the first to report an association between diet-induced weight loss and performance on the IGT, and this association was specific to the loss of body fat. Our results suggest that differences in weight loss may be linked to executive function that involves decision-making about events that have emotionally or socially salient ramifications. These findings underscore the need to further investigate higher cognitive and neuroendocrine pathways that may influence or be altered by the process of dieting and weight loss. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Witbracht, Megan G.; Laugero, Kevin D.; Van Loan, Marta D.; Adams, Sean H.; Keim, Nancy L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Laugero, Kevin D.; Van Loan, Marta D.; Adams, Sean H.; Keim, Nancy L.] USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Obes & Metab Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Keim, NL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Nancy.keim@ars.usda.gov FU National Dairy Council; Dairy Council of California; USDA-ARS [5306-51530-019-00D]; Clinical and Translational Science Center of the University of California, Davis from the National Center for Medical Research [UL1 RR024146] FX A team of individuals contributed to this research including the research volunteers and the staff of the WHNRC metabolic kitchen, human studies support, physiology and analytical laboratory. We would like to thank Jan Peerson for her expert advice on statistical analysis. Major funding for the project was provided by the National Dairy Council, administered by the Dairy Research Institute, and the Dairy Council of California. Additional support was provided by the intramural USDA-ARS, Project 5306-51530-019-00D and the Clinical and Translational Science Center of the University of California, Davis, grant number UL1 RR024146 from the National Center for Medical Research. The contents of this manuscript are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not represent the official view of the NCRR, NIH, or USDA. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 106 IS 2 BP 291 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.04.035 PG 7 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 930YW UT WOS:000303181900031 PM 21565212 ER PT J AU Linn, RR Canfield, JM Cunningham, P Edminster, C Dupuy, JL Pimont, F AF Linn, R. R. Canfield, J. M. Cunningham, P. Edminster, C. Dupuy, J. -L. Pimont, F. TI Using periodic line fires to gain a new perspective on multi-dimensional aspects of forward fire spread SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coupled atmosphere-fire modeling; Three-dimensional dynamics; Fire spread ID DISCRETE FUEL-ELEMENTS; WIND-AIDED FIRESPREAD; MULTIPHASE FORMULATION; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; SURFACE FIRES; PROPAGATION; ATMOSPHERE; BEHAVIOR; MODEL; DEPENDENCE AB This study was conducted to increase understanding of possible roles and importance of local three-dimensionality in the forward spread of wildfire models. A suite of simulations was performed using a coupled atmosphere-fire model, HIGRAD/FIRETEC, consisting of different scenarios that varied in domain width and boundary condition implementation. A subset of the simulations was strictly two-dimensional in the streamwise and vertical directions, while another subset of simulations involved igniting a finite-length fireline. The remaining simulations were all three-dimensional and employed periodic boundary conditions in the cross-stream direction and a fireline spanning the entire cross-stream extent of the domain. The three-dimensional periodic simulations were compared with the two-dimensional simulations, and then briefly with the finite-length fireline simulations. The two-dimensional scenarios were constrained in their ability to represent inherently three-dimensional physical phenomena such as horizontal flow penetrating through the fireline between plumes of rising hot gas, and cross-stream heterogeneity in the windfield. Elimination of these three-dimensional flow patterns in two-dimensional simulations resulted in over prediction of spread rates in low velocity situations and under predicted spread rates in high wind speed scenarios. In the three-dimensional simulations, local cross-stream heterogeneities in temperature and velocities lead to penetration of hot gases through the fireline and onto unburned fuel. Three-dimensional fires presented a positive correlation between increasing ambient wind speed and rate of spread. Further investigation of finite length fires is required in order to understand the ramifications of fireline curvature. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Linn, R. R.; Canfield, J. M.; Cunningham, P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Edminster, C.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Dupuy, J. -L.; Pimont, F.] Inst Natl Rech Agron, Unite Rech Forestieres Mediterraneennes, Equipe Prevent Incendies Foret, UR 629, F-84914 Avignon, France. RP Canfield, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rrl@lanl.gov; jessec@lanl.gov; pcunning@lanl.gov; cedminster@fs.fed.us; dupuy@avignon.inra.fr; pimont@avignon.inra.fr FU USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station FX Portions of this work were supported by the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station under the direction of Carleton Edminster and Carolyn Sieg, David Weise and the Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center at Ichauway under the direction of Kevin Hiers and Lindsay Boring. The computational resources for this study were provided by Los Alamos National Laboratory Institutional Computing. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 157 BP 60 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.01.014 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 928GZ UT WOS:000302972500006 ER PT J AU McRoberts, RE AF McRoberts, Ronald E. TI Estimating forest attribute parameters for small areas using nearest neighbors techniques SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Optimization; Distance metric; Neighbor weighting; k-value; Variance; Diagnostics ID REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; SATELLITE IMAGERY; K-NN; LANDSAT IMAGERY; INVENTORY; VARIABLES; CLASSIFICATION; KNN; IMPUTATION; ERROR AB Nearest neighbors techniques have become extremely popular, particularly for use with forest inventory data. With these techniques, a population unit prediction is calculated as a linear combination of observations for a selected number of population units in a sample that are most similar, or nearest, in a space of ancillary variables to the population unit requiring the prediction. Nearest neighbors techniques are appealing for multiple reasons: they can be used with categorical response variables for which the objective is classification and with continuous response variables for which the objective is prediction; they can be used for both univariate and multivariate prediction; they are non-parametric in the sense that no assumptions regarding the distributions of response or predictor variables are necessary; they are synthetic in the sense that they can readily use information external to the geographic area for which an estimate is sought; they are useful for map construction, small area estimation, and inference; and they can be used with a wide variety of data sets. Recent advances and emerging issues in nearest neighbors techniques are reviewed for four topic areas: (1) distance metrics, (2) optimization, (3) diagnostic tools, and (4) inference. The focus of the study is estimation of mean forest stem volume per unit area for small areas using a combination of forest inventory observations and Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery. However, the concepts and techniques are generally applicable for all nearest neighbors problems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP McRoberts, RE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rmcroberts@fs.fed.us NR 75 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 272 SI SI BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.06.039 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 929UC UT WOS:000303090200002 ER PT J AU Ohmann, JL Gregory, MJ Roberts, HM Cohen, WB Kennedy, RE Yang, ZQ AF Ohmann, Janet L. Gregory, Matthew J. Roberts, Heather M. Cohen, Warren B. Kennedy, Robert E. Yang, Zhiqiang TI Mapping change of older forest with nearest-neighbor imputation and Landsat time-series SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Gradient nearest neighbor; Gradient analysis; Old growth; Northwest Forest Plan; Landsat change detection; Forest monitoring ID DIRECT GRADIENT ANALYSIS; DETECTING TRENDS; COASTAL OREGON; DISTURBANCE; OWNERSHIP; VEGETATION; INVENTORY; LANDSCAPE; AGE; USA AB The Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP), which aims to conserve late-successional and old-growth forests (older forests) and associated species, established new policies on federal lands in the Pacific Northwest USA. As part of monitoring for the NWFP, we tested nearest-neighbor imputation for mapping change in older forest, defined by threshold values for forest attributes that vary with forest succession. We mapped forest conditions on >19 million ha of forest for the beginning (Time 1) and end (Time 2) of a 13-year period using gradient nearest neighbor (GNN) imputation. Reference data were basal area by species and size class from 17,000 forest inventory plots measured from 1993 to 2008. Spatial predictors were from Landsat time-series and GIS data on climate, topography, parent material, and location. The Landsat data were temporally normalized at the pixel level using LandTrendr algorithms, which minimized year-to-year spectral variability and provided seamless multi-scene mosaics. We mapped older forest change by spatially differencing the Time 1 and Time 2 GNN maps for average tree size (MNDBH) and for old-growth structure index (OGSI), a composite index of stand age, large live trees and snags, down wood, and diversity of tree sizes. Forests with higher values of MNDBH and OGSI occurred disproportionately on federal lands. Estimates of older forest area and change varied with definition. About 10% of forest at Time 2 had OGS1 >= 50, with a net loss of about 4% over the period. Considered spatially, gross gain and gross loss of older forest were much greater than net change. As definition threshold value increased, absolute area of mapped change decreased, but increased as a percentage of older forest at Time 1. Pixel-level change was noisy, but change summarized to larger spatial units compared reasonably to known changes. Geographic patterns of older forest loss coincided with areas mapped as disturbed by LandTrendr, including large wildfires on federal lands and timber harvests on nonfederal lands. The GNN distribution of older forest attributes closely represented the range of variation observed from a systematic plot sample. Validation using expert image interpretation of an independent plot sample in TimeSync corroborated forest changes from GNN. An advantage of imputed maps is their flexibility for post-classification, summary, and rescaling to address a range of objectives. Our methods for characterizing forest conditions and dynamics over large regions, and for describing the reliability of the information, should help inform the debate over conservation and management of older forest. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ohmann, Janet L.; Cohen, Warren B.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gregory, Matthew J.; Roberts, Heather M.; Kennedy, Robert E.; Yang, Zhiqiang] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ohmann, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM janet.ohmann@oregonstate.edu FU Western Wildlands Environmental Threats Assessment Center; Region 6 of the USFS; NASA; National Park Service FX Funding for GNN was from Western Wildlands Environmental Threats Assessment Center and Region 6 of the USFS. Development and use of LandTrendr and TimeSync were funded by USFS Region 6, NASA, and the National Park Service. The reported research would not be possible without regional plot data from Forest Inventory and Analysis, Current Vegetation Survey (Region 6 USFS and BLM), Region 5 USFS, and josephine/Jackson Counties. We are grateful to Andrew Gray for patiently fielding endless questions about the plot data. Three anonymous referees and the special issue editor provided many helpful suggestions to improve our manuscript. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 272 SI SI BP 13 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.09.021 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 929UC UT WOS:000303090200003 ER PT J AU Sun, JH Lin, LZ Chen, P AF Sun, Jianghao Lin, Long-ze Chen, Pei TI Study of the mass spectrometric behaviors of anthocyanins in negative ionization mode and its applications for characterization of anthocyanins and non-anthocyanin polyphenols SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; UNITED-STATES; COMMON FOODS; FLAVONOID GLYCOSIDES; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; ARRAY DETECTION; GRAPE JUICES; HPLC-DAD AB RATIONALE: Traditionally, anthocyanin analysis in mass spectrometry is carried out in the positive ionization mode only. A study of the mass spectrometric behaviors of anthocyanins in the negative ionization mode revealed interesting characteristics that was not previously reported. It can be used to differentiate anthocyanins from other non-anthocyanin polyphenols. METHODS: An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry (U-HPLC/HRMS) method was developed. The method used multiple-stage mass fragmentation in both the negative and positive ion modes. The whole cycle time of the new method is 1.8 s for two full scans and six data-dependent scans. RESULTS: The new strategy found, in the negative ionization mode, a series of characteristic ions, e. g. [M-2H](-), [M-2H+H2O](-), formic acid adducts, and doubly charged ions were observed for the MS analysis of anthocyanins. The characteristic ions can be used for identification and differentiation of anthocyanins and non-anthocyanin phenolic compounds. Comprehensive studies were performed on the differentiation of anthocyanins and non-anthocyanin polyphenols in blueberry (Vaccinium cyanococcus), Hongcaitai (Brassica compestris L. var. purpurea Bailey), and red radish (Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus 'Shinrimei'). CONCLUSIONS: The data generated from a single LC run enables rapid and reliable differentiation and identification of anthocyanins and non-anthocyanins in botanicals and foods. Published 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Sun, Jianghao; Lin, Long-ze; Chen, Pei] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, P (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pei.chen@ars.usda.gov RI Sun, Jianghao/A-6134-2010 FU Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture; Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health FX This research is supported by the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and an Interagency Agreement with the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health. NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1123 EP 1133 DI 10.1002/rcm.6209 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 917CD UT WOS:000302148900015 PM 22467463 ER PT J AU Jha, AK Tsang, SL Ozcam, AE Offeman, RD Balsara, NP AF Jha, Ashish K. Tsang, So Ling Ozcam, Ali Evren Offeman, Richard D. Balsara, Nitash P. TI Master curve captures the effect of domain morphology on ethanol pervaporation through block copolymer membranes SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Block-copolymer; Ethanol pervaporation; Domain structure effect ID WATER MIXTURES; SEPARATION AB We report on the effect of changing nanoscale morphology on pervaporation of ethanol/water mixtures through block copolymer membranes. Experiments were conducted using polystyrene-b-polybutadiene-b- polystyrene (SBS) copolymers with polybutadiene (PB) as the ethanol transporting block, using an 8 wt% ethanol/water mixture as the feed. The volume fraction of the transporting PB microphase, phi(PB), was varied from 0.63 to 0.93, and the overall molecular weight of the copolymer, M-n, was varied from 34 to 207 kg mol(-1). The normalized ethanol permeability through the membrane, P-E/phi PB, and the ethanol selectivity, alpha(EW), increase with increasing M-n. In the case of phi(PB) = 0.73 and 0.80 systems (cylindrical morphologies), P-E/phi(PB) and alpha(EW) appear to reach a plateau in the high M-n limit. Master curves are obtained when all of the permeation data are plotted in the P-E/phi(PB) and P-W/phi(PB) versus alpha(EW) format. The performance of the SBS membrane with M-n = 207 kg mol(-1) and phi(PB) = 0.80 is tested using a fermentation broth mixture. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jha, Ashish K.; Tsang, So Ling; Ozcam, Ali Evren; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Offeman, Richard D.] USDA, Bioprod Chem & Engn Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Balsara, NP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nbalsara@berkeley.edu RI Tang, Yupan/G-5949-2012 FU Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank Chris Roberge and Amit Gokhale of BP for providing us with the fermentation broth used in this study. This work was supported by the Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley. The SAXS measurements were performed at the Advanced Light Source at LBNL, supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. TEM was performed at the National Center of Electron Microscopy at LBNL in collaboration with the Soft Matter Microscopy Program. We gratefully acknowledge Professors Andrew Zydney and Jerry Lin for their guidance. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 401 BP 125 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.01.037 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 914EQ UT WOS:000301932400016 ER PT J AU Bingol, G Zhang, A Pan, ZL McHugh, TH AF Bingol, Gokhan Zhang, Ang Pan, Zhongli McHugh, Tara H. TI Producing lower-calorie deep fat fried French fries using infrared dry-blanching as pretreatment SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Colour; Oil; Sensory; Enzyme; Health ID OIL UPTAKE; POTATO SLICES; COLOR CHANGES; QUALITY; DEHYDRATION; KINETICS; POROSITY; TEXTURE; OBESITY; FOOD AB The main objectives of this work were to study the suitability of using infrared (IR) heating as a dry-blanching pretreatment prior to frying and to investigate its potential to reduce the oil uptake in French fry production. It was observed that by using IR heat complete inactivation of polyphenol oxidase enzyme could be achieved in 3 min with 4.7% moisture loss for 9 mm French fries. Following IR dry-blanching, the samples were fried at 146, 160, and 174 degrees C for 1, 3, 5, and 7 min. At the end of 7 min frying, compared to unblanched samples, dry-blanched samples had 37.5%, 32% and 30% less total oil at the frying temperatures of 146, 160 and 174 degrees C, respectively. The final moisture contents of unblanched and dry-blanched samples were between 50% and 60% after 7 min frying. The L*a*b* colour values of both unblanched and dry-blanched samples decreased initially and then increased as the frying progressed. The sensory evaluation revealed that panelists mostly favored the IR dry-blanched French fries in terms of taste, texture, colour and appearance. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bingol, Gokhan; Pan, Zhongli; McHugh, Tara H.] Agr Res Serv, Proc Foods Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Zhang, Ang; Pan, Zhongli] Univ Calif Davis, Biol & Agr Engn Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Zhang, Ang] NW A&F Univ, Coll Enol, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Pan, ZL (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Proc Foods Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM zhongli.pan@ars.usda.gov FU Washington State Potato Commission [5325-41000-063-05] FX The authors thank the Washington State Potato Commission for its partial financial support (project 5325-41000-063-05) and Mr. Donald Olson and Dr. Wen-Xian Du for their assistance. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 132 IS 2 BP 686 EP 692 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.10.055 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 895DG UT WOS:000300475800002 ER PT J AU Liang, ZC Yang, YZ Cheng, LL Zhong, GY AF Liang, Zhenchang Yang, Yingzhen Cheng, Lailiang Zhong, Gan-Yuan TI Polyphenolic composition and content in the ripe berries of wild Vitis species SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Polyphenolic composition and content; Vitis; Anthocyanins; Variation patterns ID BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITIES; GRAPE CULTIVARS; ANTHOCYANIN COMPOSITION; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ANTIRADICAL ACTIVITY; PROFILES; GERMPLASM; WINES; CONSTITUENTS; EXTRACTS AB To explore wild genetic resources for improving fruit and processing quality of cultivated grape cultivars, the polyphenolic composition and content in the ripe berries of 147 grape accessions from 16 Vitis species for two consecutive years were characterised. A total of 48 polyphenolic compounds, including 28 anthocyanins, 6 flavonols, 6 flavanols, 6 hydroxycinnamic derivatives, and 2 hydroxybenzoic acids, were identified via HPLC-MS and quantified by HPLC-DAD. These wild grape species had unique presence of abundant di-glucoside derivatives of anthocyanins. In addition, anthocyanins in most wild species were predominantly nonacylated. The mean contents for anthocyanins, flavanols, flavonols, hydroxycinnamic derivatives, and hydroxybenzoic acids were 9.610, 0.769, 0.093, 0.441 and 0.027 mg g(-1) FW, respectively. They were about 2 to 10 folds higher than their respective counterparts in the most widely cultivated grape species Vitis vinifera. As expected, most of these groups of compounds were correlated negatively with berry weight, but positively with the content of total soluble solids. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Liang, Zhenchang; Cheng, Lailiang] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Yang, Yingzhen; Zhong, Gan-Yuan] USDA ARS, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Cheng, LL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM lc89@cornell.edu; ganyuan.zhong@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS; Cornell University FX We are grateful to Dawn Dellefave, Heidi Schwaninger and Bill Srmack of the USDA-ARS Plant Genetic Resources Unit in Geneva, New York for their assistance in collecting berry samples. This work was supported through a Special Cooperative Agreement between USDA-ARS and Cornell University. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 132 IS 2 BP 730 EP 738 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.009 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 895DG UT WOS:000300475800008 ER PT J AU Xin, WB Huang, HQ Yu, L Shi, HM Sheng, Y Wang, TTY Yu, LL AF Xin, Wenbo Huang, Haiqiu Yu, Lu Shi, Haiming Sheng, Yi Wang, Thomas T. Y. Yu, Liangli TI Three new flavanonol glycosides from leaves of Engelhardtia roxburghiana, and their anti-inflammation, antiproliferative and antioxidant properties SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Anti-inflammation; Antioxidant; Anti-proliferative; Engelhardia roxburghiana; Flavanonol glycosides ID CHINESE FOLK MEDICINE; ORAL KOHKI TEA; ALDOSE REDUCTASE; CELL-LINES; CANCER; CHRYSOLEPIS; DIHYDROFLAVONOLS; ASTILBIN; INHIBITION; FLAVONOIDS AB The ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves of Engelhardia roxburghiana Wall exhibited strong anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and antioxidant activities. From this fraction, three new flavanonol glycosides: (2R, 3R)-3,5,7,4'-tetrahydroxyflavanonol-3-O-(3 ''-O-galloyl)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (1), (2R, 3R)-3,5,7,3', 4'-pentahydroxyflavanonol-3-O-(3 ''-O-galloyl)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (2), (2R, 3R)-3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavanonol-3-O-(3 ''-O- p-(E)-coumaroyl)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (3), were isolated. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic, and chemical analyses. The anti-inflammatory activities of 1-3 were examined as their inhibitory abilities on the expression of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, MCP-1, and COX-2 mRNA, in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse J774A.1 macrophage cells. At the concentration of 50 mu M, 2 and 3 significantly reduced the IL-1 beta expression, while 1 induced its expression contrarily. Meanwhile, 1 and 3 exhibited significant inhibition of TNF-alpha expression at the concentration of 10 mu M, while 2 could achieve weak but significant inhibition at 50 mu M. Furthermore, 1-3 did not suppress the mRNA expression of MCP-1 and COX-2. Compounds 1-3 showed significant anti-proliferative effect in Hep G2 cells. 3 showed the most potent anti-proliferative effect in HT-29 human colon cancer cells, while 1 and 2 had no inhibition. In addition, 1 and 2 exhibited antioxidant activities. The ORAC values of 1 and 2 were 12.8 and 17.0 mmol TE/g and the HOSC values of 1 and 2 were 14.4 and 16.0 mmol TE/g, respectively. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xin, Wenbo; Huang, Haiqiu; Yu, Lu; Yu, Liangli] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shi, Haiming; Sheng, Yi; Yu, Liangli] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Inst Food & Nutraceut Sci, Key Lab Urban Agr S, Bor S Luh Food Safety Res Ctr,Sch Agr & Biol, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Wang, Thomas T. Y.] ARS, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Yu, LL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM lyu5@umd.edu RI Huang, Haiqiu/J-8856-2012; shi, haiming/D-2806-2015 NR 42 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 132 IS 2 BP 788 EP 798 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.038 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 895DG UT WOS:000300475800016 ER PT J AU Wang, SY Chen, HJ Camp, MJ Ehlenfeldt, MK AF Wang, Shiow Y. Chen, Hangjun Camp, Mary J. Ehlenfeldt, Mark K. TI Flavonoid constituents and their contribution to antioxidant activity in cultivars and hybrids of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Vaccinium species; Antioxidant activities; Phenolic ID RADICAL ABSORBING CAPACITY; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRIES; ANTHOCYANIN CONTENT; OXYGEN; FRUIT; BERRIES; GENOTYPE; ORAC; VEGETABLES AB Fruit from 42 blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) cultivars, including 36 rabbiteye cultivars (Vaccinium ashei Reade), three V. ashei hybrid derivatives, and three northern highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum L) standards were evaluated for antioxidant capacity, individual flavonoid content, and the contribution of each identified phenolic compound to total antioxidant activity. Considerable variation was found in flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and their contribution to total antioxidant activity among cultivars. Among 42 blueberry cultivars, the rabbiteye 'Early May' contained the highest amount of chlorogenic acid, myricetin 3-arabinoside, quercetin derivatives, and delphinidin-, cyanidin-, petunidin-, and malvidin-basis anthocyanins. 'Early May' cultivar also had the highest antioxidant activity (88.2 mu mol TE/g fw). 'Owen', 'Bluegem', 'Clara', Climax', and 'Centurion' were among the other rabbiteye cultivars that also had high levels of flavonoids and antioxidant activities. In contrast, the pink-fruited V. ashei hybrid, 'Pink Lemonade', had the lowest content of flavonoids and lowest antioxidant activity. The mean flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of rabbiteye cultivars was higher than those among northern highbush and V. ashei hybrids. The antioxidant activity of V. ashei hybrid derivatives was derived mainly from chlorogenic acid, myricetin, and quercetin, which contributed 62.5% of total antioxidant activity, whereas anthocyanins (malvidin, petunidin, delphinidin, and cyanidin) were the main contributors to the antioxidant activity of rabbiteye cultivars (76.2%) and northern highbush standards (76.8%). Blueberry cultivars identified to have high phenolic content and high antioxidant activity could be used as parents for future blueberry breeding programmes to develop new blueberry cultivars with higher antioxidant activity and further improve human health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wang, Shiow Y.; Ehlenfeldt, Mark K.] Rutgers State Univ, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, USDA, Agr Res Serv,Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Re, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. [Wang, Shiow Y.; Chen, Hangjun] Agr Res Serv, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wang, Shiow Y.; Chen, Hangjun] Agr Res Serv, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Chen, Hangjun] Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci, Inst Food Sci, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Camp, Mary J.] Agr Res Serv, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, USDA, Agr Res Serv,Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Re, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. EM shiow.wang@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 132 IS 2 BP 855 EP 864 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.050 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 895DG UT WOS:000300475800025 ER PT J AU Kelley, RY Williams, WP Mylroie, JE Boykin, DL Harper, JW Windham, GL Ankala, A Shan, XY AF Kelley, Rowena Y. Williams, W. Paul Mylroie, J. Erik Boykin, Deborah L. Harper, Jonathan W. Windham, Gary L. Ankala, Arunkanth Shan, Xueyan TI Identification of Maize Genes Associated with Host Plant Resistance or Susceptibility to Aspergillus flavus Infection and Aflatoxin Accumulation SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID REGISTRATION; LINE; CONTAMINATION; ARABIDOPSIS; REGULATORS; PATHOGENS; MP313E; FIELD; CORN AB Background: Aspergillus flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination of maize pose negative impacts in agriculture and health. Commercial maize hybrids are generally susceptible to this fungus. Significant levels of host plant resistance have been observed in certain maize inbred lines. This study was conducted to identify maize genes associated with host plant resistance or susceptibility to A. flavus infection and aflatoxin accumulation. Results: Genome wide gene expression levels with or without A. flavus inoculation were compared in two resistant maize inbred lines (Mp313E and Mp04: 86) in contrast to two susceptible maize inbred lines (Va35 and B73) by microarray analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to find genes contributing to the larger variances associated with the resistant or susceptible maize inbred lines. The significance levels of gene expression were determined by using SAS and LIMMA programs. Fifty candidate genes were selected and further investigated by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) in a time-course study on Mp313E and Va35. Sixteen of the candidate genes were found to be highly expressed in Mp313E and fifteen in Va35. Out of the 31 highly expressed genes, eight were mapped to seven previously identified quantitative trait locus (QTL) regions. A gene encoding glycine-rich RNA binding protein 2 was found to be associated with the host hypersensitivity and susceptibility in Va35. A nuclear pore complex protein YUP85-like gene was found to be involved in the host resistance in Mp313E. Conclusion: Maize genes associated with host plant resistance or susceptibility were identified by a combination of microarray analysis, qRT-PCR analysis, and QTL mapping methods. Our findings suggest that multiple mechanisms are involved in maize host plant defense systems in response to Aspergillus flavus infection and aflatoxin accumulation. These findings will be important in identification of DNA markers for breeding maize lines resistant to aflatoxin accumulation. C1 [Kelley, Rowena Y.; Mylroie, J. Erik; Ankala, Arunkanth; Shan, Xueyan] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem Mol Biol Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Williams, W. Paul; Windham, Gary L.] ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, USDA, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Boykin, Deborah L.] ARS, Stat Off, USDA, Stoneville, MS USA. [Harper, Jonathan W.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Kelley, RY (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem Mol Biol Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM xshan@bch.msstate.edu RI Ankala, Arunkanth/G-6330-2011 OI Ankala, Arunkanth/0000-0002-6373-9916 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) [58-6406-6-0039] FX This work was supported through the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) funded Specific Cooperative Agreement (No. 58-6406-6-0039) between USDA-ARS and Mississippi Agri & Forestry Exp Station (MAFES) at Mississippi State University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 33 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 14 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e36892 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0036892 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959UF UT WOS:000305339400040 PM 22606305 ER PT J AU Lundy, ME Spencer, DF Van Kessel, C Hill, JE Linquist, BA AF Lundy, Mark E. Spencer, David F. Van Kessel, Chris Hill, James E. Linquist, Bruce A. TI Managing phosphorus fertilizer to reduce algae, maintain water quality, and sustain yields in water-seeded rice SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Blue-green algae; Cyanobacteria; Fertilizer timing; Nostoc spongiaeforme; Phosphorus; Water-seeded rice ID LOWLAND RICE; MODEL DEVELOPMENT; FIELDS; PHOSPHATE; LIMITATION AB In water-seeded rice systems, cyanobacteria (Nostoc spongiaeforme) hinder early-season crop growth by dislodging and reducing light to seedlings. Since algae are often phosphorus (P) limited, we investigated whether changing the timing of P fertilizer application could reduce algal growth without reducing crop yields or increasing mid-season water P concentrations to levels of concern for water quality. Water P and algae were monitored in 10 and 12 (respectively) side-by-side fields (16-60 ha in size) where P fertilizer was applied pre-plant or where P application was delayed until after rice plants had emerged above the surface of the floodwater (2-5 weeks after seeding). Early-season water P concentration and algal occurrence were higher (P<0.001 and P=0.018, respectively) when P fertilizer was applied pre-plant as opposed to delayed. In fields receiving a delayed P application, water P increased to as high as 1.68 mg L-1 immediately following application and subsequently declined by 0.054 mg L-1 day(-1) (P=0.029). A separate study evaluated the effect of P fertilizer timing on crop productivity and P uptake. Triple-super-phosphate was either not applied or was applied to the soil surface in the fall prior to the cropping season, immediately prior to planting, 35 clays after seeding (DAS) and 49 DAS at a rate of 25 kg ha(-1) P. P uptake and agronomic P use efficiency (APUE) were similar when P was applied at seeding or 35 DAS. However, relative to P application at seeding, yields were reduced by 6% and there was lower APUE when P was applied after harvesting the previous crop or at 49 DAS (P<0.05). These results indicate that correctly timed, delayed fertilizer P applications can maximize rice yield while reducing early-season interference from algae. However, because delayed applications of P fertilizer also increased water P concentrations, drainage water must be managed carefully following application. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lundy, Mark E.; Spencer, David F.; Van Kessel, Chris; Hill, James E.; Linquist, Bruce A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Spencer, David F.] USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Davis, CA USA. RP Lundy, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM melundy@ucdavis.edu; david.spencer@ars.usda.gov; cvankessel@ucdavis.edu; jehill@ucdavis.edu; balinquist@ucdavis.edu FU California Rice Research Board; Department of Plant Sciences at the University of California, Davis via departmental GSR FX We would like to thank the participant rice growers and the California Rice Research Board, which provided funding for this project. We are also grateful to the Department of Plant Sciences at the University of California, Davis which supported this research via a departmental GSR fellowship. Thank you as well to Pui-Sze Liow, Greg Ksander, Robert Hornyak, Cesar Abrenilla, Rafael Pedroso, Jose Carlos Gava Junior, and Ravi Nakrani for their assistance in the field and laboratory. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD MAY 13 PY 2012 VL 131 BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2012.03.005 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 937AL UT WOS:000303631300010 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Fueyo, E Ruiz-Duenas, FJ Miki, Y Martinez, MJ Hammel, KE Martinez, AT AF Fernandez-Fueyo, Elena Ruiz-Duenas, Francisco J. Miki, Yuta Jesus Martinez, Maria Hammel, Kenneth E. Martinez, Angel T. TI Lignin-degrading Peroxidases from Genome of Selective Ligninolytic Fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WHITE-ROT FUNGI; ERYNGII VERSATILE PEROXIDASE; 2 MANGANESE PEROXIDASES; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; PLEUROTUS-ERYNGII; MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HEME PEROXIDASES; MODEL COMPOUNDS; WOOD CHIPS AB The white-rot fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora delignifies lignocellulose with high selectivity, but until now it has appeared to lack the specialized peroxidases, termed lignin peroxidases (LiPs) and versatile peroxidases (VPs), that are generally thought important for ligninolysis. We screened the recently sequenced C. subvermispora genome for genes that encode peroxidases with a potential ligninolytic role. A total of 26 peroxidase genes was apparent after a structural-functional classification based on homology modeling and a search for diagnostic catalytic amino acid residues. In addition to revealing the presence of nine heme-thiolate peroxidase superfamily members and the unexpected absence of the dye-decolorizing peroxidase superfamily, the search showed that the C. subvermispora genome encodes 16 class II enzymes in the plant-fungal-bacterial peroxidase superfamily, where LiPs and VPs are classified. The 16 encoded enzymes include 13 putative manganese peroxidases and one generic peroxidase but most notably two peroxidases containing the catalytic tryptophan characteristic of LiPs and VPs. We expressed these two enzymes in Escherichia coli and determined their substrate specificities on typical LiP/VP substrates, including nonphenolic lignin model monomers and dimers, as well as synthetic lignin. The results show that the two newly discovered C. subvermispora peroxidases are functionally competent LiPs and also suggest that they are phylogenetically and catalytically intermediate between classical LiPs and VPs. These results offer new insight into selective lignin degradation by C. subvermispora. C1 [Hammel, Kenneth E.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Fernandez-Fueyo, Elena; Ruiz-Duenas, Francisco J.; Miki, Yuta; Jesus Martinez, Maria; Martinez, Angel T.] CSIC, Ctr Invest Biol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Hammel, KE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM kehammel@wisc.edu; ATMartinez@cib.csic.es RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011; Martinez, Maria Jesus/F-9147-2015; Ruiz-Duenas, Francisco/L-9837-2015; OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847; Martinez, Maria Jesus/0000-0003-2166-1097; Ruiz-Duenas, Francisco/0000-0002-9837-5665; Martinez, Angel T/0000-0002-1584-2863 FU RAPERO from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [BIO2008-01533]; HIPOP from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [BIO2011-26694]; PEROXICATS [KBBE-2010-4-265397]; United States Department of Energy [DE-AI02-07ER64480]; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas; European Social Fund; Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO); Office of Science of the United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the RAPERO Grant BIO2008-01533 and HIPOP Grant BIO2011-26694 from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (to A. T. M. and F.J.R.-D., respectively), by PEROXICATS European Project Grant KBBE-2010-4-265397 (to A. T. M.), and by United States Department of Energy Grant DE-AI02-07ER64480 (to K.E.H.).; Supported by a Junta para Ampliacion de Estudios fellowship of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, co-funded by the European Social Fund.; Supported by a Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) Ramon y Cajal contract.; We thank Dr. Daniel Cullen (United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI) and Dr. Rafael Vicuna (Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile) for the invitation to participate in the C. subvermispora genome sequencing project. We thank Michael D. Mozuch for technical assistance with the DHP depolymerization reactions. Sequencing of the C. subvermispora genome by the Joint Genome Institute was supported by the Office of Science of the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 71 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 46 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAY 11 PY 2012 VL 287 IS 20 BP 16903 EP 16916 DI 10.1074/jbc.M112.356378 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 942GB UT WOS:000304030900076 PM 22437835 ER PT J AU Rice, CP Cai, GM Teasdale, JR AF Rice, Clifford P. Cai, Guimei Teasdale, John R. TI Concentrations and Allelopathic Effects of Benzoxazinoid Compounds in Soil Treated with Rye (Secale cereale) Cover Crop SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE benzoxazinoids; allelopathy; rye cover crop; field exposure; soil ID DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; PHYTOTOXIC ALLELOCHEMICALS; TRANSFORMATION; GRAMINEAE; DYNAMICS; DIMBOA; ACIDS; FATE; L. AB The concentration of benzoxazinoids (BX) was measured in field soils at selected intervals after rye residue was either incorporated or left on the soil surface. The spectrum of compounds arising in the soil persisted approximately two weeks and was dominated by methoxy containing BX compounds, which were only minor components of the rye foliage. Growth assays with lettuce and smooth pigweed species showed inhibition when treated soils were tested during the first two weeks after rye applications; however, there were no sufficient concentrations of any one BX compound in the soil to explain these affects. Solution applications of two pure BX compounds, benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (BOA) and 6-methoxy-benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (MBOA), to the surface of soils revealed that movement into the soil column was minimal (greater than 70% BOA and 97% MBOA remained in the top 1-cm of soil profiles) and that the time course for their complete dissipation was less than 24 h. C1 [Rice, Clifford P.; Cai, Guimei; Teasdale, John R.] ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rice, CP (reprint author), ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Clifford.rice@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 9 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 18 BP 4471 EP 4479 DI 10.1021/jf300431r PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 937XB UT WOS:000303696000008 PM 22500621 ER PT J AU Smith, JD Greenlee, JJ Foster, GH Nicholson, EM AF Smith, J. D. Greenlee, J. J. Foster, G. H. Nicholson, E. M. TI Acetone Precipitation of the Scrapie Agent Results in Successful Recovery of PrPSc but Decreased Infectivity SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE acetone; bioassay; precipitation; prion; protein; scrapie ID PRION PROTEIN; CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB; ENCEPHALOPATHY; INACTIVATION; DISEASE; ACID; MICE AB Bioassay is considered the most sensitive method for evaluating prion inactivation procedures. Because prions are resistant to methods effective at inactivating conventional microorganisms, prion inactivation research has focused on relatively harsh alternatives, such as concentrated sodium hypochlorite or sodium hydroxide. Often, bioassay for residual infectivity in these studies requires dilution or biochemical alteration of the treated sample in order to maintain subject health and survival. Ideally, prions from treated samples could be sufficiently separated from the inactivating agent without alteration of the sample and with negligible loss of infectivity prior to inoculation into the bioassay host. The current study was designed to evaluate acetone precipitation of the disease-associated form of the prion protein (PrPSc) from brain homogenate derived from mice with the RML (Rocky Mountain Laboratory) strain of scrapie. The ability to recover PrPSc was evaluated by Western blot. Dilutions of acetone-precipitated RML-positive brain homogenate were compared to nonprecipitated RML homogenate, resulting in similar PrPSc detection levels down to 0.025 mg equivalents of brain tissue. The impact of the method on infectivity was investigated by bioassay in intracranially inoculated tga20 mice. Additionally, contributions to infectivity from the pellet and supernatant fractions were investigated. Acetone precipitation resulted in a 1-log(10) reduction in infectivity. Infectivity could not be reconstituted by the acetone soluble fraction of the infectious sample or uninfected brain. This study demonstrates that PrPSc can successfully be precipitated out of infected brain homogenate using acetone but that there is a reduction in infectivity attributable to the procedure that would need to be considered when evaluating bioassay results. C1 [Smith, J. D.; Greenlee, J. J.; Foster, G. H.; Nicholson, E. M.] ARS, Virus & Pr Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Nicholson, EM (reprint author), ARS, Virus & Pr Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM eric.nicholson@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 9 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 18 BP 4758 EP 4762 DI 10.1021/jf300639h PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 937XB UT WOS:000303696000042 PM 22519670 ER PT J AU Forshey, TM Byrum, BA Machesky, KD Roney, CS Gomez, TM Mitchell, JR Behravesh, CB Hausman, LB O'Connor, KA AF Forshey, Tony M. Byrum, Beverly A. Machesky, Kimberly D. Roney, C. Stephen Gomez, Thomas M. Mitchell, Jennifer R. Behravesh, Casey Barton Hausman, Leslie B. O'Connor, Katherine A. TI Notes From the Field: Multistate Outbreak of Salmonella Altona and Johannesburg Infections Linked to Chicks and Ducklings From a Mail-Order Hatchery-United States, February-October 2011 (Reprinted from MMWR vol 61, pg 195, 2012) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Mitchell, Jennifer R.; Behravesh, Casey Barton; Hausman, Leslie B.] CDC, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Forshey, Tony M.; Byrum, Beverly A.] Ohio Dept Agr, Reynoldsburg, OH USA. [Machesky, Kimberly D.] Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. [Roney, C. Stephen; Gomez, Thomas M.] USDA, Washington, DC USA. [O'Connor, Katherine A.] CDC, EIS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mitchell, JR (reprint author), CDC, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM itz4@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 9 PY 2012 VL 307 IS 18 BP 1908 EP 1908 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 938OD UT WOS:000303741900010 ER PT J AU Vargas, A Berrios, JD Chiou, BS Wood, D Bello, LA Glenn, GM Imam, SH AF Vargas, Apolonio Berrios, Jose De J. Chiou, Bor-Sen Wood, Delilah Bello, Luis A. Glenn, Gregory M. Imam, Syed H. TI Extruded/injection-molded composites containing unripe plantain flour, ethylene-vinyl alcohol, and glycerol: Evaluation of mechanical property, storage conditions, biodegradability, and color SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE plantain flour; EVA; composite; biodegradation ID POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL); ACETATE COPOLYMER; POLYMER BLENDS; BANANA FLOUR; STARCH; FIBER; SYSTEMS; FILMS AB Extruded/injection-molded composites of excellent mechanical property were produced from plantain flour (PF) blended with ethylenevinyl alcohol (EVA) and glycerol. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that composites had a smooth surface, indicative of an excellent compatibility between PF, EVA, and glycerol. Generally, tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (%E), and the displacement (DM), all decreased with increased PF content in the composite accompanied by an increase in Young's modulus (M). The composites with higher PF contents (60% or higher) had more stable mechanical properties. Selected composites (60% PF content) stored at -20 degrees C and 4 degrees C for 40 h showed only minor changes in mechanical properties compared with controls (23 degrees C). However, samples stored for a similar period at 80 degrees C were drastically altered in their mechanical properties resulting in huge increases in TS and M and a 10-fold decrease in the %E. Samples prestored at various relative humidities (RHs) for 40 h exhibited only slight decrease in TS and M and a concomitant increase in the %E with increased RH. Interestingly, sample prestored at both -20 degrees C and 80 degrees C exhibited significantly higher rates and extents of degradation. SEM analysis of samples left in compost for 8 weeks showed a rapid surface erosion and material deterioration with time. Evaluation of the color produced during heat processing of starch in PF as a result of Maillard reaction showed an increase in the values of luminosity (L*), chroma (C*), and hue angle (h*) with decreased PF content in the composite. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012 C1 [Vargas, Apolonio; Berrios, Jose De J.; Chiou, Bor-Sen; Wood, Delilah; Glenn, Gregory M.; Imam, Syed H.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Vargas, Apolonio] Rancho Univ Tulancingo Bravo, Inst Ciencias Agr UAEH, Tulancingo, Hidalgo, Mexico. [Bello, Luis A.] IPN, Ctr Desarrollo Prod Biot, Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico. RP Imam, SH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM syed.imam@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8995 EI 1097-4628 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD MAY 5 PY 2012 VL 124 IS 3 BP 2632 EP 2639 DI 10.1002/app.35271 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 886DL UT WOS:000299831900098 ER PT J AU Nagamani, SCS Campeau, PM Shchelochkov, OA Premkumar, MH Guse, K Brunetti-Pierri, N Chen, YQ Sun, Q Tang, YP Palmer, D Reddy, AK Li, L Slesnick, TC Feig, DI Caudle, S Harrison, D Salviati, L Marini, JC Bryan, NS Erez, A Lee, B AF Nagamani, Sandesh C. S. Campeau, Philippe M. Shchelochkov, Oleg A. Premkumar, Muralidhar H. Guse, Kilian Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola Chen, Yuqing Sun, Qin Tang, Yaoping Palmer, Donna Reddy, Anilkumar K. Li, Li Slesnick, Timothy C. Feig, Daniel I. Caudle, Susan Harrison, David Salviati, Leonardo Marini, Juan C. Bryan, Nathan S. Erez, Ayelet Lee, Brendan TI Nitric-Oxide Supplementation for Treatment of Long-Term Complications in Argininosuccinic Aciduria SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT ADENOVIRAL VECTORS; UREA CYCLE DISORDERS; LYASE DEFICIENCY; IN-VIVO; SYNTHASE; MICE; TETRAHYDROBIOPTERIN; GENE; MECHANISMS; TOLERANCE AB Argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) is required for the synthesis and channeling of L-arginine to nitric oxide synthase (NOS) for nitric oxide (NO) production. Congenital ASL deficiency causes argininosuccinic aciduria (ASA), the second most common urea-cycle disorder, and leads to deficiency of both ureagenesis and NO production. Subjects with ASA have been reported to develop long-term complications such as hypertension and neurocognitive deficits despite early initiation of therapy and the absence of documented hyperammonemia. In order to distinguish the relative contributions of the hepatic urea-cycle defect from those of the NO deficiency to the phenotype, we performed liver-directed gene therapy in a mouse model of ASA. Whereas the gene therapy corrected the ureagenesis defect, the systemic hypertension in mice could be corrected by treatment with an exogenous NO source. In an ASA subject with severe hypertension refractory to antihypertensive medications, monotherapy with NO supplements resulted in the long-term control of hypertension and a decrease in cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, the NO therapy was associated with an improvement in some neuropsychological parameters pertaining to verbal memory and nonverbal problem solving. Our data show that ASA, in addition to being a classical urea-cycle disorder, is also a model of congenital human NO deficiency and that ASA subjects could potentially benefit from NO supplementation. Hence, NO supplementation should be investigated for the long-term treatment of this condition. C1 [Nagamani, Sandesh C. S.; Campeau, Philippe M.; Shchelochkov, Oleg A.; Guse, Kilian; Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola; Chen, Yuqing; Sun, Qin; Palmer, Donna; Erez, Ayelet; Lee, Brendan] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Premkumar, Muralidhar H.] Baylor Coll Med, Div Neonatol, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Tang, Yaoping; Bryan, Nathan S.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Brown Fdn Inst Mol Med, Texas Therapeut Inst, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Reddy, Anilkumar K.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Reddy, Anilkumar K.] Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vasc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Li, Li; Harrison, David] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Salviati, Leonardo] Univ Padua, Dept Pediat, Clin Genet Unit, I-35128 Padua, Italy. [Marini, Juan C.] ARS, Dept Pediat Nutr, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Chen, Yuqing; Lee, Brendan] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Lee, B (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM blee@bcm.edu RI Campeau, Philippe/C-3050-2012; Campeau, Philippe/J-8614-2015; Salviati, Leonardo/L-1007-2016; Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola/K-8465-2016; OI Campeau, Philippe/0000-0001-9713-7107; Campeau, Philippe/0000-0001-9713-7107; Salviati, Leonardo/0000-0001-5642-9963; Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola/0000-0002-6895-8819; Feig, Daniel/0000-0002-0017-6335 FU National Institutes of Health [DK54450, RR19453, RR00188, GM90310, GM07526, DK081735, RR024173, HL73041, HL22512]; Baylor College of Medicine Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center [HD024064]; National Urea Cycle Disorders Foundation; Canadian Institute of Health Research; Urea Cycle Disorders Consortium Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft from the German Research Foundation; Telethon Italy [GGP09207]; Fondazione Cariplo; [TR01 GM90310] FX We thank the subject and his family for their kind participation in the study. We acknowledge and thank the clinical efforts of M. Mullins, S. Carter, A. Tran, J. Stuff, and the nursing staff at the General Clinical Research Center at Texas Children's Hospital. We also thank the technical assistance of J. Zhang and H. Garg. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (DK54450, RR19453, RR00188, GM90310 to B. Lee, GM07526 and DK081735 to A. Erez, RR024173 to J. Marini, and HL73041 and HL22512 to A.K. Reddy), and the Baylor College of Medicine Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (HD024064). S.C.S. Nagamani, O.A. Shchelochkov, and A. Erez are awardees of the National Urea Cycle Disorders Foundation Research Fellowship. P. Campeau is an awardee of the Canadian Institute of Health Research clinician-scientist training award. O.A. Shchelochkov and P. Campeau are awardees of the O'Malley Fellowship of the Urea Cycle Disorders Consortium Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network. K. Guse is supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft from the German Research Foundation. N.Bryan is supported in part by subcontract TR01 GM90310. L. Salviati is supported by Telethon Italy grant GGP09207 and by Fondazione Cariplo. Neogenis Labs formulated and donated the nitric oxide dietary supplement for the study. N.S. Bryan and The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston have financial interests in Neogenis, a company that develops, produces, and sells nitric-oxide-related products intended to improve health, develops diagnostics for nitric oxide-related metabolites, and performs commercial measurement of nitric oxide metabolites in biological samples. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD MAY 4 PY 2012 VL 90 IS 5 BP 836 EP 846 DI 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.03.018 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 940QG UT WOS:000303907500007 PM 22541557 ER PT J AU Baker, JM Griffis, TJ Ochsner, TE AF Baker, John M. Griffis, Timothy J. Ochsner, Tyson E. TI Coupling landscape water storage and supplemental irrigation to increase productivity and improve environmental stewardship in the U.S. Midwest SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RYE COVER CROP; MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; CLOVER LIVING MULCH; GULF-OF-MEXICO; KURA CLOVER; SOIL-WATER; CORN-BELT; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; HUMAN APPROPRIATION AB Agriculture must increase production for a growing population while simultaneously reducing its environmental impacts. These goals need not be in tension with one another. Here we outline a vision for improving both the productivity and environmental performance of agriculture in the U.S. Midwest, also known as the Corn Belt. Mean annual precipitation has increased throughout the region over the past 50 years, consistent with climate models that attribute the increase to a warming troposphere. Stream gauge data indicate that higher precipitation has been matched or exceeded by higher stream flows, contributing to flooding, soil loss, and excessive nutrient flux to the Gulf of Mexico. We propose increasing landscape hydrologic storage through construction of ponds and restoration of wetlands to retain water for supplemental irrigation while also reducing flood risks. Primary productivity is proportional to transpiration, and analysis shows that in the U.S. Midwest both can be sustainably increased with supplemental irrigation. The proposed strategy should reduce interannual yield variability by limiting losses due to transient drought, while facilitating adoption of cropping systems that "perennialize" the landscape to take advantage of the full potential growing season. When implemented in concert, these practices should reduce the riverine nitrogen export that is a primary cause of hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. Erosive sediment losses should also be reduced through the combination of enhanced hydrologic storage and increased vegetative cover. Successful implementation would require watershed-scale coordination among producers and landowners. An obvious mechanism to encourage this is governmental farm policy. C1 [Baker, John M.; Griffis, Timothy J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Baker, John M.] USDA, ARS Soil & Water Management Unit, St Paul, MN USA. [Ochsner, Tyson E.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK USA. RP Baker, JM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Cir, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM john.baker@ars.usda.gov RI Griffis, Timothy/A-5707-2011 NR 93 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 45 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 4 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W05301 DI 10.1029/2011WR011780 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 937RL UT WOS:000303675800002 ER PT J AU Terrill, TH Miller, JE Burke, JM Mosjidis, JA Kaplan, RM AF Terrill, Thomas H. Miller, James E. Burke, Joan M. Mosjidis, Jorge A. Kaplan, Ray M. TI Experiences with integrated concepts for the control of Haemonchus contortus in sheep and goats in the United States SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Copper oxide wire particles; Goats; FAMACHA (c); Haemonchus contortus; Integrated control; Sericea lespedeza; Sheep ID OXIDE WIRE PARTICLES; SERICEA-LESPEDEZA HAY; GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODE INFECTIONS; FUNGUS DUDDINGTONIA-FLAGRANS; LUCERNE MEDICAGO-SATIVA; FREE-LIVING STAGES; SULLA HEDYSARUM-CORONARIUM; GUT MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; EYE COLOR CHART; CONDENSED TANNINS AB The generally warm, moist environmental conditions in the southern United States (U.S.) are ideal for survival and growth of the egg and larval stages of Haemonchus contortus and other gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) of sheep and goats. Consequently, infection with GIN is the greatest threat to economic small ruminant production in this region. With anthelmintic resistance now reaching epidemic proportions in small ruminants in the U.S., non-chemical control alternatives are critically needed. The Southern Consortium for Small Ruminant Parasite Control (SCSRPC) was formed in response to this crisis and over the last decade has successfully validated the use of several novel control technologies, including FAMACHA (c)) for the implementation of targeted selective treatments (TST), copper oxide wire particles (COWP), nematode-trapping fungi, and grazing or feeding hay of the high-tannin perennial legume sericea lespedeza [Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cours. G. Don)]. Producer attitudes toward GIN control in the U.S. have been shifting away from exclusive dependence upon anthelmintics toward more sustainable, integrated systems of parasite control. Some novel control technologies have been readily adopted by producers in combination with appropriate diagnostic tools, such as FAMACHA (c). Others techniques are still being developed, and will be available for producer use as they are validated. Although new drugs will likely be available to U.S. goat and sheep producers in the future, these will also be subject to development of anthelmintic resistance. Therefore, the adoption and implementation of sustainable GIN control principles will remain important. With emerging markets for grass-fed or organic livestock, there will continue to be a critical need for research and outreach on development and on-farm application of integrated GIN control systems for small ruminants in the U.S. for the foreseeable future. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Terrill, Thomas H.] Ft Valley State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. [Miller, James E.] Louisiana State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Burke, Joan M.] ARS, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Mosjidis, Jorge A.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Kaplan, Ray M.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Terrill, TH (reprint author), Ft Valley State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. EM terrillt@FVSU.EDU NR 108 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY 4 PY 2012 VL 186 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 28 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.11.043 PG 10 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 930ZJ UT WOS:000303183200005 PM 22178411 ER PT J AU Wang, B Guo, CL Zhang, MM Park, B Xu, BQ AF Wang, Bin Guo, Cunlan Zhang, Mengmeng Park, Bosoon Xu, Bingqian TI High-Resolution Single-Molecule Recognition Imaging of the Molecular Details of Ricin-Aptamer Interaction SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; IN-VITRO SELECTION; A-CHAIN; RNA MOLECULES; DNA APTAMER; BINDING; LIGANDS; SITE AB We studied the molecular details of DNA aptamer ricin interactions. The toxic protein ricin molecules were immobilized on a Au(111) surface using a N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester to specifically react with lysine residues located on the ricin B chains. A single ricin molecule was visualized in situ using the AFM tip modified with an antiricin aptamer. Computer simulation was used to illustrate the protein and aptamer structures, the single-molecule ricin images on a Au(111) surface, and the binding conformations of ricin-aptamer and ricin-antibody complexes. The various ricin conformations on a Au(111) surface were caused by the different lysine residues reacting with the NHS ester. It was also observed that most of the binding sites for aptamer and antibody on the A chains of ricin molecules were not interfered by the immobilization reaction. The different locations of the ricin binding sites to aptamer and antibody were also distinguished by AFM recognition images and interpreted by simulations. C1 [Wang, Bin; Guo, Cunlan; Zhang, Mengmeng; Xu, Bingqian] Univ Georgia, Fac Engn, Single Mol Study Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Wang, Bin; Guo, Cunlan; Zhang, Mengmeng; Xu, Bingqian] Univ Georgia, Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Park, Bosoon] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Xu, BQ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Fac Engn, Single Mol Study Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM bxu@engr.uga.edu RI Guo, Cunlan/E-8077-2011; OI Zhang, Mengmeng/0000-0002-9170-3881 FU National Science Foundation [ECCS 0823849, CBET 1139057] FX We thank Drs. Robert Woods and Lachele Foley for guidance in modeling using AMBER software and Dr. Alexander Bonvin for his help on HADDOCK simulation. This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (ECCS 0823849, CBET 1139057). NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 63 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 3 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 17 BP 5316 EP 5322 DI 10.1021/jp301765n PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 934EN UT WOS:000303426400025 PM 22489938 ER PT J AU Liu, KS Han, JC AF Liu, KeShun Han, Jianchun TI Enzymatic Method for Measuring Starch Gelatinization in Dry Products in Situ SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE starch; gelatinization; measurement; enzymatic; in situ; dried ID SUSCEPTIBILITY; HYDROLYSIS; FOODS AB An enzymatic method based on hydrolysis of starch by amyloglucosidase and measurement of D-glucose released by glucose oxidase-peroxidase was developed to measure both gelatinized starch and hydrolyzable starch in situ of dried starchy products. Efforts focused on the development of sample handling steps (particle size reduction of dry samples followed by a unique mechanical resolubilization step) prior to the enzymatic hydrolysis using native and fully gelatinized flours of corn and rice. The new steps, when optimized, were able to maximize resolubilization of gelatinized/retrograded starch while minimizing solubilization of native starch in dried samples, thus effectively addressing issues of insusceptibility of retrograded starch and susceptibility of native starch to enzymatic attacks and eliminating the need to isolate starch from dry samples before using an enzymatic method. Various factors affecting these and other steps were also investigated, with the objectives to simplify the procedures and reduce errors. Results are expressed as the percentage of the total starch content The proposed method, verified by measuring mixed samples of native and fully gelatinized flours of five gram species (corn, rice, barley, oat, and wheat) at different ratios, is simple, accurate, and reliable, with a relative standard deviation of less than 5%. C1 [Liu, KeShun; Han, Jianchun] USDA ARS, Grain Chem & Utilizat Lab, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Liu, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Chem & Utilizat Lab, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM Keshun.Liu@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 2 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 17 BP 4212 EP 4221 DI 10.1021/jf300160v PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 933LK UT WOS:000303362800006 PM 22401143 ER PT J AU Qi, PX Nunez, A Wickham, ED AF Qi, Phoebe X. Nunez, Alberto Wickham, Edward D. TI Reactions between beta-Lactoglobulin and Genipin: Kinetics and Characterization of the Products SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE beta-Lactoglobulin; genipin; cross-linking reaction; kinetics; MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry; AFM ID CROSS-LINKED GELATIN; IN-VIVO EVALUATION; FREE THIOL-GROUP; GARDENIA-JASMINOIDES; MOLECULAR-INTERACTIONS; LYSINE RESIDUES; DISULFIDE BONDS; PH; LINKING; GENIPOSIDE AB In this paper, we present the first detailed study of the reaction kinetics and the characterization of the products from the endothermic reactions between beta-lactoglobulin and genipin. The effects of the concentration, temperature, and pH were investigated. In the temperature range studied, the reaction was approximately a pseudo-first-order with respect to genipin and 0.22-order and -0.24-order with respect to beta-lactoglobulin for pH 6.75 and 10.5 with corresponding activation energy (E-a) estimated to be 66.2 +/- 3.8 and 9.40 +/- 0.36 kJ/mol, respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis studies, validated by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry, showed the presence of oligomeric, i.e., di-, tri-, quadri-, and pentameric, forms of cross linked beta-lactoglobulin by genipin at neutral but not alkaline pH; however, an extensive cross linked network was not observed, consistent with the atomic force microscopy images. It was demonstrated that the reaction temperature and the concentration of genipin but not that of beta-lactoglobulin positively affected the extent of the cross-linking reactions. C1 [Qi, Phoebe X.; Wickham, Edward D.] ARS, USDA, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Nunez, Alberto] ARS, USDA, Off Ctr Director, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Qi, PX (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM phoebe.qi@ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 2 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 17 BP 4327 EP 4335 DI 10.1021/jf300311k PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 933LK UT WOS:000303362800021 PM 22463374 ER PT J AU Harris, D Lott, M Lakins, V Bowden, B Kimmons, J AF Harris, Diane Lott, Megan Lakins, Velma Bowden, Brian Kimmons, Joel TI Farm to Institution: Creating Access to Healthy Local and Regional Foods SO ADVANCES IN NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID GROWN PRODUCE AB Farm to Institution (FTI) programs are one approach to align food service operations with health and sustainability guidelines, such as those recently developed by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and General Services Administration. Programs and policies that support sourcing local and regional foods for schools, hospitals, faith-based organizations, and worksites may benefit institutional customers and their families, farmers, the local community, and the economy. Different models of FTI programs exist. On-site farmer's markets at institutions have been promoted on federal government property, healthcare facilities, and private institutions nationwide. Farm to School programs focus on connecting schools with local agricultural production with the goal of improving school meals and increasing intake of fruits and vegetables in children. Sourcing food from local farms presents a number of challenges including cost and availability of local products, food safety, and liability considerations and lack of skilled labor for food preparation. Institutions utilize multiple strategies to address these barriers, and local, state, and federal polices can help facilitate FTI approaches. FTI enables the purchasing power of institutions to contribute to regional and local food systems, thus potentially affecting social, economic, and ecological systems. Local and state food policy councils can assist in bringing stakeholders together to inform this process. Rigorous research and evaluation is needed to determine and document best practices and substantiate links between FTI and multiple outcomes. Nutritionists, public health practitioners, and researchers can help communities work with institutions to develop, implement, and evaluate programs and policies supporting FTI. Adv. Nutr. 3: 343-349, 2012. C1 [Harris, Diane; Kimmons, Joel] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lott, Megan] Community Food Secur Coalit, Natl Farm Sch Network, Washington, DC USA. [Lakins, Velma] Agr Mkt Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Bowden, Brian] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Associate Director Policy, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Harris, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dmharris@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 63 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2161-8313 J9 ADV NUTR JI Adv. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 3 IS 3 BP 343 EP 349 DI 10.3945/an.111.001677 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 066KP UT WOS:000313220000011 PM 22585910 ER PT J AU Allen, LH AF Allen, Lindsay H. TI B Vitamins in Breast Milk: Relative Importance of Maternal Status and Intake, and Effects on Infant Status and Function SO ADVANCES IN NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID LACTATING GAMBIAN WOMEN; THIAMINE-DEFICIENCY; PYRIDOXINE SUPPLEMENTATION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHOLINE CONTENT; FOLATE STATUS; FOLIC-ACID; MOTHERS; PREGNANCY; CHILDREN AB Infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 mo of life. However, maternal deficiency of some micronutrients, conveniently classified as Group I micronutrients during lactation, can result in low concentrations in breast milk and subsequent infant deficiency preventable by improving maternal status. This article uses thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and choline as examples and reviews the evidence for risk of inadequate intakes by infants in the first 6 mo of life. Folate, a Group II micronutrient, is included for comparison. Information is presented on forms and concentrations in human milk, analytical methods, the basis of current recommended intakes for infants and lactating women, and effects of maternal supplementation. From reports of maternal and/or infant deficiency, concentrations in milk were noted as well as any consequences for infant function. These milk values were used to estimate the percent of recommended daily intake that infants fed by a deficient mother could obtain from her milk. Estimates were 60% for thiamin, 53% for riboflavin, 80% for vitamin B-6, 16% for vitamin B-12, and 56% for choline. Lack of data limits the accuracy and generalizability of these conclusions, but the overall picture that emerges is consistent across nutrients and points to an urgent need to improve the information available on breast milk quality. Adv. Nutr. 3: 362-369, 2012. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Allen, LH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Lindsay.allen@ars.usda.gov NR 61 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2161-8313 J9 ADV NUTR JI Adv. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 3 IS 3 BP 362 EP 369 DI 10.3945/an.111.001172 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 066KP UT WOS:000313220000014 PM 22585913 ER PT J AU Paul, D Kramer, M Rumpler, W Stote, K Clevidence, B Harris, GK Baer, D AF Paul, David Kramer, Matthew Rumpler, William Stote, Kim Clevidence, Beverly Harris, G. Keith Baer, David TI Determinants of Variance in Habitual Total and Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity in Overweight Adults SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Paul, David] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Kramer, Matthew; Rumpler, William; Stote, Kim; Clevidence, Beverly; Harris, G. Keith; Baer, David] USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 44 SU 2 BP 648 EP 648 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 027OT UT WOS:000310363303521 ER PT J AU Foxman, EF Van Loan, M Campbell, C Lozada, C Casazza, G AF Foxman, Emily F. Van Loan, Marta Campbell, Caitlin Lozada, Christina Casazza, Gretchen TI Bone Mineral Density and Fracture Risk in Young Competitive Female Cyclists SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Foxman, Emily F.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Van Loan, Marta; Campbell, Caitlin] USDA Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. [Casazza, Gretchen] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Sports Med Program, Sports Performance Lab, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 44 SU 2 BP 706 EP 706 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 027OT UT WOS:000310363303720 ER PT J AU Ely, MR Kenefick, RW Cheuvront, SN Chinevere, TD Lacher, CP Lukaski, HC Montain, SJ AF Ely, Matthew R. Kenefick, Robert W. Cheuvront, Samuel N. Chinevere, Troy D. Lacher, Craig P. Lukaski, Henry C. Montain, Scott J. TI Effect of Skin Surface Contamination on Sweat Mineral Concentration During Heat Acclimation SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ely, Matthew R.; Kenefick, Robert W.; Cheuvront, Samuel N.; Chinevere, Troy D.; Montain, Scott J.] USARIEM, Natick, MA USA. [Lacher, Craig P.; Lukaski, Henry C.] USDA, Grand Forks, ND USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 44 SU 2 BP 793 EP 793 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 027OT UT WOS:000310363304224 ER PT J AU Pikula, A Beiser, AS DeCarli, C Himali, JJ Debette, S Au, R Selhub, J Toffler, GH Wang, TJ Meigs, JB Kelly-Hayes, M Kase, CS Wolf, PA Vasan, RS Seshadri, S AF Pikula, Aleksandra Beiser, Alexa S. DeCarli, Charles Himali, Jayandra J. Debette, Stephanie Au, Rhoda Selhub, Jacob Toffler, Geoffrey H. Wang, Thomas J. Meigs, James B. Kelly-Hayes, Margaret Kase, Carlos S. Wolf, Philip A. Vasan, Ramachandran S. Seshadri, Sudha TI Multiple Biomarkers and Risk of Clinical and Subclinical Vascular Brain Injury The Framingham Offspring Study SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE biological markers; epidemiology; magnetic resonance imaging; primary prevention; risk assessment; stroke ID TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE LEVELS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; SMALL-VESSEL DISEASE; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS; NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE; STROKE RISK; ISCHEMIC-STROKE; FOLLOW-UP; PLASMA AB Background-Several biomarkers have been individually associated with vascular brain injury, but no prior study has explored the simultaneous association of a biologically plausible panel of biomarkers with the incidence of stroke/transient ischemic attack and the prevalence of subclinical brain injury. Methods and Results-In 3127 stroke-free Framingham offspring (age, 59 +/- 10 years; 54% female), we related a panel of 8 biomarkers assessing inflammation (C-reactive protein), hemostasis (D-dimer and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), neurohormonal activity (aldosterone-to-renin ratio, B-type natriuretic peptide, and N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptides), and endothelial function (homocysteine and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio) measured at the sixth examination (1995-1998) to risk of incident stroke/transient ischemic attack. In a subset of 1901 participants with available brain magnetic resonance imaging (1999-2005), we further related these biomarkers to total cerebral brain volume, covert brain infarcts, and large white-matter hyperintensity volume. During a median follow-up of 9.2 years, 130 participants experienced incident stroke/transient ischemic attack. In multivariable analyses adjusted for stroke risk factors, the biomarker panel was associated with incident stroke/transient ischemic attack and with total cerebral brain volume (P < 0.05 for both) but not with covert brain infarcts or white-matter hyperintensity volume (P > 0.05). In backward elimination analyses, higher log-B-type natriuretic peptide (hazard ratio, 1.39 per 1-SD increment; P = 0.002) and log-urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (hazard ratio, 1.31 per 1-SD increment; P = 0.004) were associated with increased risk of stroke/transient ischemic attack and improved risk prediction compared with the Framingham Stroke Risk Profile alone; when the <5%, 5% to 15%, or >15% 10-year risk category was used, the net reclassification index was 0.109 (P = 0.037). Higher C-reactive protein (beta = -0.21 per 1-SD increment; P = 0.008), D-dimer (beta = -0.18 per 1-SD increment; P = 0.041), total homocysteine (beta = -0.21 per 1-SD increment; P = 0.005), and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (beta = -0.15 per 1-SD increment; P = 0.042) were associated with lower total cerebral brain volume. Conclusion-In a middle-aged community sample, we identified multiple biomarkers that were associated with clinical and subclinical vascular brain injury and could improve risk stratification. (Circulation. 2012;125:2100-2107.) C1 [Seshadri, Sudha] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Pikula, Aleksandra; Beiser, Alexa S.; Himali, Jayandra J.; Debette, Stephanie; Au, Rhoda; Kelly-Hayes, Margaret; Kase, Carlos S.; Wolf, Philip A.; Vasan, Ramachandran S.; Seshadri, Sudha] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Pikula, Aleksandra; Beiser, Alexa S.; Debette, Stephanie; Au, Rhoda; Wang, Thomas J.; Kelly-Hayes, Margaret; Kase, Carlos S.; Wolf, Philip A.; Vasan, Ramachandran S.; Seshadri, Sudha] Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA USA. [DeCarli, Charles] Univ Calif Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Selhub, Jacob] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Toffler, Geoffrey H.] Royal N Shore Hosp, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Wang, Thomas J.; Meigs, James B.] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Seshadri, S (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, 715 Albany St,B-602, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM suseshad@bu.edu OI Seshadri, Sudha/0000-0001-6135-2622; Pikula, Aleksandra/0000-0002-8378-5522; Au, Rhoda/0000-0001-7742-4491; Ramachandran, Vasan/0000-0001-7357-5970; Beiser, Alexa/0000-0001-8551-7778; /0000-0003-1391-9481 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) [N01-HC-25195]; National Institute on Aging (NIA) [R01 AG16495, AG08122, AG033193, 031287, 033040, P30AG013846, P30 AG 10129]; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) [R01 NS17950]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [K24 DK080140]; American Diabetes Association; Bettencourt-Schueller Foundation FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) contract N01-HC-25195, the National Institute on Aging (NIA; R01 AG16495; AG08122; AG033193, 031287, 033040, P30AG013846, P30 AG 10129), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS; R01 NS17950), and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K24 DK080140); by a clinical research grant from the American Diabetes Association; and by Roche Diagnostics, which donated assay reagents for measurement of urinary albumin and creatinine. Dr Debette was partially supported by an award grant from the Bettencourt-Schueller Foundation. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NINDS, NHLBI, NIA, or NIH. NR 43 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 125 IS 17 BP 2100 EP 2107 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.989145 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 981IC UT WOS:000306959200019 PM 22456473 ER PT J AU Hirsch-Jagobson, R Cox, WA Tewes, EE Thompson, FR Faaborg, J AF Hirsch-Jagobson, Robin Cox, W. Andrew Tewes, Emily E. Thompson, Frank R., III Faaborg, John TI PARENTS OR PREDATORS: EXAMINING INTRASEASONAL VARIATION IN NEST SURVIVAL FOR A MIGRATORY PASSERINE SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Acadian Flycatcher; Empidonax virescens; nest survival; nest-visitation rates; reproductive strategies; seasonality ID CLUTCH SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; DEFENSE BEHAVIOR; BIRDS; RISK; SONGBIRD; FLYCATCHER; PATTERNS; POPULATIONS AB For birds, risk of nest predation can vary within a breeding season, but few data exist that explain why such variation occurs. We investigated intraseasonal variation of nest survival of the Acadian Flycatcher (Empidonax virescens) in Midwestern forests and tested whether four of the adults' reproductive strategies (clutch size, nest concealment, nest visitation rates, nest height) explained trends in survival across the breeding season. We also used video cameras to identify predators at 40 nests, which allowed us to determine whether variation in predation rates by category of predator (e.g., birds, mammals, snakes) explained overall seasonal variation in predation rates. The flycatchers' nest survival had a quadratic relationship with Julian date but generally increased through the breeding season. Nest height increased as the breeding season progressed but did not explain any variation in nest survival. No other reproductive trait exhibited significant intraseasonal variation. Overall, predator-specific predation rates did not vary seasonally, but there was a marginal decline in the risk of failure from avian predators as the season progressed. Of the explanations we considered, changes in predator abundance or activity were likely the primary contributor to intraseasonal variation in survival of Acadian Flycatcher nests. C1 [Hirsch-Jagobson, Robin; Cox, W. Andrew; Tewes, Emily E.; Faaborg, John] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III] Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Hirsch-Jagobson, R (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, 105 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM robin.hj@williamwoods.edu OI Cox, William/0000-0002-1205-5979 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Northern Research Station; Audubon Society of Missouri; Trans-World Airlines scholarship program; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DBI 0603049]; University of Missouri FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Northern Research Station, the Audubon Society of Missouri, and the Trans-World Airlines scholarship program. During our research, W. A. Cox was supported by a National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship and a University of Missouri Life Sciences Fellowship. E. E. Tewes was supported by the NSF Undergraduate Mentors in Environmental Biology program, DBI 0603049. We thank all the assistants in the field who made this study possible. We thank the Missouri Department of Conservation for providing housing and access to field sites. We thank the Mark Twain National Forest, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, and the private landowners near Thompsonsville, Illinois, for access to their land. Finally, we thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments improved the manuscript. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 28 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2012 VL 114 IS 2 BP 358 EP 364 DI 10.1525/cond.2012.110057 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 955TE UT WOS:000305043000013 ER PT J AU Iorizzo, M Senalik, D Szklarczyk, M Grzebelus, D Spooner, D Simon, P AF Iorizzo, Massimo Senalik, Douglas Szklarczyk, Marek Grzebelus, Dariusz Spooner, David Simon, Philipp TI De novo assembly of the carrot mitochondrial genome using next generation sequencing of whole genomic DNA provides first evidence of DNA transfer into an angiosperm plastid genome SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE de novo assembly; Next generation sequencing; Mitochondrial genome; Plastid genome; Assembly structure visualization; Daucus carota; Intercompartmental DNA transfer ID HORIZONTAL GENE-TRANSFER; FLOWERING PLANTS; SUCCINATE-DEHYDROGENASE; DAUCUS-CAROTA; ANYTHING GOES; EVOLUTION; CHLOROPLAST; NUCLEUS; ORGANIZATION; L. AB Background: Sequence analysis of organelle genomes has revealed important aspects of plant cell evolution. The scope of this study was to develop an approach for de novo assembly of the carrot mitochondrial genome using next generation sequence data from total genomic DNA. Results: Sequencing data from a carrot 454 whole genome library were used to develop a de novo assembly of the mitochondrial genome. Development of a new bioinformatic tool allowed visualizing contig connections and elucidation of the de novo assembly. Southern hybridization demonstrated recombination across two large repeats. Genome annotation allowed identification of 44 protein coding genes, three rRNA and 17 tRNA. Identification of the plastid genome sequence allowed organelle genome comparison. Mitochondrial intergenic sequence analysis allowed detection of a fragment of DNA specific to the carrot plastid genome. PCR amplification and sequence analysis across different Apiaceae species revealed consistent conservation of this fragment in the mitochondrial genomes and an insertion in Daucus plastid genomes, giving evidence of a mitochondrial to plastid transfer of DNA. Sequence similarity with a retrotransposon element suggests a possibility that a transposon-like event transferred this sequence into the plastid genome. Conclusions: This study confirmed that whole genome sequencing is a practical approach for de novo assembly of higher plant mitochondrial genomes. In addition, a new aspect of intercompartmental genome interaction was reported providing the first evidence for DNA transfer into an angiosperm plastid genome. The approach used here could be used more broadly to sequence and assemble mitochondrial genomes of diverse species. This information will allow us to better understand intercompartmental interactions and cell evolution. C1 [Iorizzo, Massimo; Senalik, Douglas; Spooner, David; Simon, Philipp] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Senalik, Douglas; Spooner, David; Simon, Philipp] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Szklarczyk, Marek; Grzebelus, Dariusz] Agr Univ Krakow, Dept Genet Plant Breeding & Seed Sci, PL-31425 Krakow, Poland. RP Simon, P (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Philipp.Simon@ars.usda.gov RI Grzebelus, Dariusz/I-8832-2014 OI Grzebelus, Dariusz/0000-0001-6999-913X FU Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, vegetable seed companies and production industry FX This work was supported by the Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, vegetable seed companies and production industry. NR 70 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 47 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 61 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-12-61 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 985CQ UT WOS:000307241400002 PM 22548759 ER PT J AU Knoblauch, R Ernani, PR Walker, TW Krutz, LJ Varco, JJ Gatiboni, LC Deschamps, FC AF Knoblauch, Ronaldir Ernani, Paulo Roberto Walker, Timothy Wayne Krutz, Larry Jason Varco, Jac Jeremier Gatiboni, Luciano Colpo Deschamps, Francisco Carlos TI AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION IN WATERLOGGED SOILS INFLUENCED BY THE FORM OF UREIA APPLICATION SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CIENCIA DO SOLO LA Portuguese DT Article DE nitrogen fertilization; irrigated rice; N losses ID RICE; NITROGEN; HYDROLYSIS; SURFACE; FIELDS; WATER AB AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION IN WATERLOGGED SOILS INFLUENCED BY THE FORM OF UREIA APPLICATION Ammonia volatilization and nitrification/denitrification are the two major N loss mechanisms in rice production. If N fertilizer is not managed appropriately, N recovery by rice plants can be low. The purpose of this study was to quantify ammonia volatilization in flooded soils influenced by the urea application method. A greenhouse study was conducted to quantify the potential of N loss via ammonia volatilization in flooded soils influenced by the urea application method. Two experiments were carried out, one in Mississippi, USA, with a thermic Vertic Haplaquepts and one in Santa Catarina, Brazil, with an Entisol Aeric soil, respectively. Ammonia was trapped in sponge sorbers impregnated with phosphoric acid and placed in PVC tubes (diameter 15 cm, length 60 cm), which were set in buckets containing a 15 cm soil layer without plants. Urea was applied at a rate of 353 mg/pot of N, equivalent to 200 kg ha(-1) N, as follows: 1) a non-treated control (0 N); 2) urea applied to the surface of moist soil (80 % of field capacity) without flooding; 3) urea solubilized in deionized water and applied to the flood water; 4) prilled urea, applied to the flood water; 5) urea incorporated into mud followed by soil flooding and 6) urea applied on the surface of a dry soil followed by flooding 48 hours later. The sorbers were exchanged 1, 3, 6, 9, 13, 17, and 22 days after urea application. Water pH and ammonium concentration were determined in the flood water above the soil surface. Ammonia emission varied with the form of urea application, similarly in both soils. N losses were negligible in the control. Losses were lowest when urea was incorporated into mud followed by soil flooding and second lowest when applied to dry soil followed by flooding 48 h later (losses of, respectively, 4 and 15 % from the USA soil and 6 and 10 % from the Brazilian soil). Losses were highest when urea was applied to the flood water, be it in liquid (34 % in Mississsippi and 38 % in Santa Catarina) or in solid form (29 % in Mississsippi and 37 % in Santa Catarina), followed by urea applied to wet soil without flooding (26 % in Mississsippi and 22 % in Santa Catarina). In conclusion, to avoid excessive ammonia loss from waterlogged soils, urea should be incorporated into the mud or applied to dry soil, followed by immediate flooding in both cases. C1 [Knoblauch, Ronaldir] Univ Estado Santa Catarina UDESC, BR-88520000 Lages, SC, Brazil. [Varco, Jac Jeremier] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Krutz, Larry Jason] USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Knoblauch, R (reprint author), Univ Estado Santa Catarina UDESC, Av Luiz de Camoes 2090, BR-88520000 Lages, SC, Brazil. EM ronaldirkn@gmail.com; prernani@cav.udesc.br; twalker@drec.msstate.edu; jason.krutz@ars.usda.gov; jvarco@pss.msstate.edu; lgatiboni@gmail.com; xicodsc@epagri.sc.gov.br RI Yang, Yang/C-7464-2012; Gatiboni, Luciano/B-3606-2015 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 15 PU SOC BRASILEIRA DE CIENCIA DO SOLO PI VICOSA PA C P 231, BR-36571-000 VICOSA, MG, BRAZIL SN 0100-0683 J9 REV BRAS CIENC SOLO JI Rev. Bras. Cienc. Solo PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 36 IS 3 BP 813 EP 821 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 981NE UT WOS:000306974300012 ER PT J AU Olsen, SC Johnson, C AF Olsen, S. C. Johnson, C. TI Immune Responses and Safety after Dart or Booster Vaccination of Bison with Brucella abortus Strain RB51 SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTED CATTLE; PROTECTION; EXPRESSION; PROFILE; CELLS AB One alternative for management of brucellosis in Yellowstone National Park bison (Bison bison) is vaccination of calves and yearlings. Although Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccination protects bison against experimental challenge, the effect of booster vaccinations was unknown. This study characterized immunologic responses after dart or booster vaccination of bison with Brucella abortus strain RB51. In two studies, 8- to 10-month-old female bison were inoculated with saline (n = 14), hand vaccinated with 1.1 x 10(10) to 2.0 x 10(10) CFU of RB51 (n = 21), or dart vaccinated with 1.8 x 10(10) CFU of RB51 (n = 7). A subgroup of hand vaccinates in study 1 was randomly selected for booster vaccination 15 months later with 2.2 x 10(10) CFU of RB51. Compared to single vaccinates, booster-vaccinated bison had greater serologic responses to RB51. However, there was a trend for antigen-specific proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from booster vaccinates to be reduced compared to responses of PBMC from single vaccinates. PBMC from booster vaccinates tended to have greater gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production than those from single vaccinates. In general, dart vaccination with RB51 induced immunologic responses similar to those of hand vaccination. All vaccinates (single hand, dart, or booster) demonstrated greater (P < 0.05) immunologic responses at various times after vaccination than nonvaccinated bison. Booster vaccination with RB51 in early gestation did not induce abortion or fetal infection. Our data suggest that booster vaccination does not induce strong anamnestic responses. However, phenotypic data on resistance to experimental challenge are required to fully assess the effect of booster vaccination on protective immunity. C1 [Olsen, S. C.; Johnson, C.] ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Olsen, SC (reprint author), ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. EM steven.olsen@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 19 IS 5 BP 642 EP 648 DI 10.1128/CVI.00033-12 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 983GU UT WOS:000307108600003 PM 22461528 ER PT J AU Suarez, DL Wood, JD Taber, PE AF Suarez, D. L. Wood, J. D. Taber, P. E., Jr. TI Adsorption and Desorption of Boron in Column Studies as Related to pH: Results and Model Predictions SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CALCAREOUS SOILS; TRANSPORT; SORPTION AB Reuse of agricultural drainage waters, treated municipal wastewaters, and brackish groundwaters is often impaired by elevated concentrations of B. Boron is an element with a narrow concentration range between deficiency and toxicity for plants. Knowledge of the B concentrations in soil solution and transport of B out of the root zone is essential for management of wastewaters. Prediction of B concentrations in the root zone requires consideration of soil adsorption and desorption of B, which are dependent on soil properties and solution composition, especially pH. We examine B transport in soil by first applying a 0.08-mmol L-1 B solution to three arid-land soils from southern California and subsequently leaching the soils with a low B solution. The experiment was conducted with irrigation water at pH 6.0 and 9.0. The data showed that transport was highly pH dependent. Results from the column experiments were generally well predicted using the UNSATCHEM transport model with the B subroutine that includes the constant capacitance model and prediction of the model constants for each soil based on the specific soil properties. Use of a single set of average constants for all soils in combination with a calculated surface area provided a less satisfactory fit to the experimental data, especially at elevated pH. These results indicate that B transport can be predicted without the need for time-consuming and soil-specific determinations of B adsorption characteristics if we utilize predictive relations to predict the CCM constants from individual soil properties. C1 [Suarez, D. L.; Wood, J. D.; Taber, P. E., Jr.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA USA. EM donald.suarez@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 20 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 11 IS 2 DI 10.2136/vzj2011.0073 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 979OX UT WOS:000306830700006 ER PT J AU Vander Ley, BL Ridpath, JF Sweiger, SH AF Vander Ley, Brian L. Ridpath, Julia F. Sweiger, Shaun H. TI Bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen detection across whole cattle hides using two antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Bovine viral diarrhea virus; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ID PESTIVIRUSES; SERUM AB Bovine viral diarrhea virus is a costly disease of cattle that can be controlled by vaccination, biosecurity, and removal of persistently infected cattle. Development and proficiency testing of assays to identify persistently infected cattle requires substantial quantities of known positive-and negative-sample material. The objective of this study was to determine what sections of bovine skin contained bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen. Two commercially available antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunoassays were used to test subsamples representing the entire skin of 3 persistently infected calves. Both assays detected bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen in the samples indicated for use by assay protocol. However, one assay identified all subsamples as positive, while the second assay identified 64.4% of subsamples as positive. These results show that use of samples other than those specified by the assay protocol must be validated for each individual assay. In this study, alternative sample sites and use of the entire hide for proficiency testing would be acceptable for only one of the assays tested. C1 [Vander Ley, Brian L.; Sweiger, Shaun H.] Cattle Stats, Oklahoma City, OK 73114 USA. [Vander Ley, Brian L.; Sweiger, Shaun H.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. [Ridpath, Julia F.] ARS, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Vander Ley, BL (reprint author), Cattle Stats, 9421 N Robinson, Oklahoma City, OK 73114 USA. EM brnvndrl@iastate.edu FU Cattle Stats, LLC FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The research presented in this article was funded by Cattle Stats, LLC. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 24 IS 3 BP 546 EP 548 DI 10.1177/1040638712443057 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 983JT UT WOS:000307116300011 PM 22529122 ER PT J AU Greenlee, JJ Zhang, X Nicholson, EM Kunkle, RA Hamir, AN AF Greenlee, Justin J. Zhang, Xia Nicholson, Eric M. Kunkle, Robert A. Hamir, Amir N. TI Prolonged incubation time in sheep with prion protein containing lysine at position 171 SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Prion; scrapie; sheep; transmissible spongiform encephalopathy ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; DEER ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; CERVUS-ELAPHUS-NELSONI; SUFFOLK SHEEP; PRP GENOTYPES; UNITED-STATES; LOW-FREQUENCY; SCRAPIE; GENE; POLYMORPHISMS AB Sheep scrapie susceptibility or resistance is a function of genotype, with polymorphisms at codon 171 in the sheep prion gene playing a major role. Glutamine (Q) at codon 171 contributes to scrapie susceptibility, while arginine (R) is associated with resistance. In some breeds, lysine (K) occurs at codon 171, but its effect on scrapie resistance has not been determined. Charge and structural similarities between K and R suggest that they may contribute to prion disease susceptibility in a similar way, but studies have not been performed to confirm this. The purpose of the current study was to compare susceptibility and incubation times of AA(136)RR(154)QQ(171) (where the letter denotes the amino acid and the number the position) with AA(136)RR(154)QK(171) sheep after inoculation with scrapie. Barbado AA(136)RR(154)QQ(171) and AA(136)RR(154)QK(171) sheep were inoculated with scrapie intracerebrally to assess their susceptibility to scrapie. After inoculation, sheep were observed daily for clinical signs and were euthanized and necropsied after clinical signs were unequivocal. Tissues were collected at necropsy for immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses. The QQ(171) sheep had clinical signs approximately 12 months after inoculation, whereas QK(171) animals had an average incubation time of 30 months to onset of clinical signs. The distribution of abnormal prion protein was similar in QQ(171) and QK(171) sheep. Results of the study indicate that sheep with a single K allele at codon 171 are susceptible to scrapie but with a prolonged incubation time. Work is currently underway to examine relative scrapie susceptibility or resistance of KK171 sheep. C1 [Greenlee, Justin J.; Nicholson, Eric M.; Kunkle, Robert A.; Hamir, Amir N.] ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Zhang, Xia] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA USA. [Zhang, Xia] Iowa State Univ, Interdept Genet Program, Ames, IA USA. RP Greenlee, JJ (reprint author), ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 1920 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM justin.greenlee@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was funded in its entirety by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 24 IS 3 BP 554 EP 558 DI 10.1177/1040638712440993 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 983JT UT WOS:000307116300013 PM 22529124 ER PT J AU Moresco, KA Stallknecht, DE Swayne, DE AF Moresco, Kira A. Stallknecht, David E. Swayne, David E. TI Evaluation of different embryonating bird eggs and cell cultures for isolation efficiency of avian influenza A virus and Avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 from real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction-positive wild bird surveillance samples SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Avian embryo; avian influenza; real-time polymerase chain reaction ID NEWCASTLE-DISEASE; PCR; COMBINATION; RANGE; ASSAY; H5 AB Virus isolation rates for influenza A virus (FLUAV) and Avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1) from wild bird surveillance samples are lower than molecular detection rates for the specific viral genomes. The current study was conducted to examine the possibility of increased virus isolation rates from real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) using alternative virus isolation substrates such as embryonating duck eggs (EDEs), embryonating turkey eggs (ETEs), Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell cultures, and African green monkey kidney (Vero) cell cultures. Rectal swabs of birds in the orders Anseriformes and Charadriiformes were tested by real-time RT-PCR for the presence of FLUAV and APMV-1 genomes, and virus isolation (VI) was attempted on all real-time RT-PCR-positive samples. Samples with threshold cycle (Ct) <= 37 had VI rates for FLUAV of 62.5%, 50%, 43.8%, 31.5%, and 31.5% in embryonating chicken eggs (ECEs), ETEs, EDEs, MDCK cells, and Vero cells, respectively. A higher isolation rate was seen with ECEs compared to either cell culture method, but similar isolation rates were identified between the different embryonating avian eggs. Virus isolation rates for APMV-1 on samples with real-time RT-PCR Ct <= 37 were 75%, 100%, 100%, 0%, and 37.5% in ECEs, ETEs, EDEs, MDCK cells, and Vero cells, respectively. Significantly higher VI rates were seen with ECEs as compared to either cell culture method for all real-time RT-PCR-positive samples. Because of the limited availability and high cost of ETEs and EDEs, the data support the continuing usage of ECEs for primary isolation of both FLUAV and APMV-1 from real-time RT-PCR-positive wild bird surveillance samples. C1 [Moresco, Kira A.; Swayne, David E.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Stallknecht, David E.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM David.Swayne@ars.usda.gov FU ARS CRIS [6612-32000-048-00D] FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Research funding provided by ARS CRIS project no. 6612-32000-048-00D. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 24 IS 3 BP 563 EP 567 DI 10.1177/1040638712440991 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 983JT UT WOS:000307116300015 PM 22529126 ER PT J AU Huang, Y Ding, W Thomson, SJ Reddy, KN Zablotowicz, RM AF Huang, Y. Ding, W. Thomson, S. J. Reddy, K. N. Zablotowicz, R. M. TI ASSESSING CROP INJURY CAUSED BY AERIALLY APPLIED GLYPHOSATE DRIFT USING SPRAY SAMPLING SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Aerial application; Crop injury; Glyphosate drift; Spray sampling ID SIMULATED DRIFT; CORN; GLUFOSINATE AB Crop injury caused by off-target drift of aerially applied glyphosate is of great concern to farmers and aerial applicators. An experiment was conducted in 2009 to determine the extent of injury due to near-field glyphosate drift from aerial application to glyphosate-sensitive cotton, corn, and soybean. The drift effects on different crops were characterized in afield planted in alternating blocks of these sensitive crops. Spray samplers were placed in the spray swath and downwind to quantify, relative concentrations of the applied chemical. An Air Tractor 402B spray airplane equipped with fifty-four CP-09 nozzles was flown down the center of the field, applying 866 g a.e. ha(-1) glyphosate (Roundup Weathermax) and rubidium chloride tracer at a 2.6 g ha(-1) spray rate. Relative concentrations of the tracer were quantified from downwind spray samplers by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Biological responses of the crops to the glyphosate drift were measured at weekly intervals, along with airborne multispectral imaging. Statistical analysis indicated that spray drift sampling was able to explain downwind crop injury, and physical responses could be estimated for evaluating crop injury caused by the drift of aerially applied glyphosate. Correlations between the relative concentration of the spray tracer and the crop biological responses identified that cotton was less sensitive to glyphosate drift than corn and soybean. Regression models for the injuries of cotton and soybean one and two weeks after field treatment and for the injury of corn one week after treatment with the percent applied glyphosate from the label rate were developed and evaluated with chlorophyll data. The cotton models for visual injury and plant height at one and two weeks after treatment were well validated with chlorophyll data (average of 1 for the ratio of estimated vs. measured chlorophyll, and low root mean squared deviations). However, in validation of the corn model, the ratio of estimated vs. measured chlorophyll deviated from 1. Compared with validation of the corn model, the validation of the soybean models showed less bias, with a value close to 1 for the ratio of estimated vs. measured chlorophyll. These results have established a method of characterizing crop injury caused by aerially applied glyphosate and can provide guideline data for use by farmers and aerial applicators. C1 [Ding, W.] NE Agr Univ, Key Lab Soybean Biol, Coll Agron, Harbin 150030, Heilongiiang Pr, Peoples R China. [Huang, Y.; Thomson, S. J.; Reddy, K. N.; Zablotowicz, R. M.] USDA ARS, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Ding, W (reprint author), NE Agr Univ, Key Lab Soybean Biol, Coll Agron, Harbin 150030, Heilongiiang Pr, Peoples R China. EM dingweing@yahoo.com.cn OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 55 IS 3 BP 725 EP 731 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 977ET UT WOS:000306639900001 ER PT J AU Kornecki, TS Arriaga, FJ Price, AJ AF Kornecki, T. S. Arriaga, F. J. Price, A. J. TI EVALUATION OF METHODS TO ASSESS TERMINATION RATES OF COVER CROPS USING VISUAL AND NON-VISIBLE LIGHT ACTIVE SENSORS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Chlorophyll meter; Cover crop; Greenseeker NDVI; Roller/crimper; Termination rate ID REDUCING VIBRATION; QUALITY EVALUATION; ROLLER-CRIMPER AB Determination of cover crop termination rate has been based exclusively on visual evaluation of color by a trained evaluator to describe the life state of the plant. However, visual color-based assessment is a subjective method and can vary from one evaluator to another If several skilled individuals are involved in the plant evaluation process in the same field, most likely a deviation associated with the cover crop evaluation will occur due to differences in eye response to colors. To remedy this problem, two experiments over three growing seasons were conducted in Alabama to evaluate cover crop termination rates using three different evaluation methods: (1) the visual method and manual data generation, (2) a chlorophyll meter with built-in data logger and (3) an active light sensor (Greenseeker meter) with an iPAQ to store data. The instruments have the advantage of petforming these evaluations quickly and effectively, and assessments can be performed by relatively unskilled personnel in the field. A linear correlation procedure was employed to develop relationships between observed termination rates and data collected with the instruments. The goal was to establish relationships between visual determination and instrument readouts, and to use these results for developing a procedure for future cover crop senescence assessment (termination rate in percentage of cover crop). Two cover crops were evaluated: cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.). Results from three years of data (2009-2011) from two sites showed that there were strong linear relationships between visual observation and data obtained from the instruments, with R-2 values ranging from 0.713 to 0.945. Models were developed to predict termination rates for the two cover crops using the Greenseeker and chlorophyll meters, which are being used in agricultural research for different plant evaluation purposes. C1 [Kornecki, T. S.; Arriaga, F. J.; Price, A. J.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Kornecki, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM ted.kornecki@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 55 IS 3 BP 733 EP 741 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 977ET UT WOS:000306639900002 ER PT J AU Lee, DH Sudduth, KA Drummond, ST Chung, SO Myers, DB AF Lee, D. H. Sudduth, K. A. Drummond, S. T. Chung, S. O. Myers, D. B. TI AUTOMATED YIELD MAP DELAY IDENTIFICATION USING PHASE CORRELATION METHODOLOGY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Delay time; Geostatistical analysis; Phase correlation; Precision agriculture; Spatial consistency; Yield map ID IMPROVE; TIME; REGISTRATION; PERFORMANCE; QUALITY AB Crop yield data are a key component of precision agriculture and are critical for both development and evaluation of precision management strategies. Ideally, software that generates grain yield maps from raw yield monitor data should automatically correct errors associated with machine and operating characteristics. Perhaps the most basic correction required is to properly compensate for the time lag (or position lag) between the cutting of the crop from the field and the grain flow measurement by the flow sensor in the combine. Past research has suggested several approaches to automatically determine delay time, but for various reasons these have not been implemented in mapping software. In this article, we present a new, computationally efficient method that can accurately determine delay time for individual fields using the image processing method of phase correlation. The phase correlation delay identification (PCDI) method was evaluated using a number of yield maps with varying degrees of harvest complexity, and results were compared to a geostatistical method. The PCDI method produced accurate estimates of delay time in approximately 90% of test datasets and provided a way to evaluate the reliability of the estimate. Additionally, the PCDI method was more computationally efficient than previous methods. Results of this study will increase the feasibility of including automatic delay time compensation in yield mapping software. C1 [Sudduth, K. A.; Drummond, S. T.; Myers, D. B.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, CSWQRU, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Chung, S. O.] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Biosyst Machinery Engn, Taejon, South Korea. RP Sudduth, KA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, CSWQRU, 269 Agr Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Ken.Sudduth@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 55 IS 3 BP 743 EP 752 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 977ET UT WOS:000306639900003 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Zhu, H Ozkan, HE AF Chen, Y. Zhu, H. Ozkan, H. E. TI DEVELOPMENT OF A VARIABLE-RATE SPRAYER WITH LASER SCANNING SENSOR TO SYNCHRONIZE SPRAY OUTPUTS TO TREE STRUCTURES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Air-assisted; Foliage density; Nursery; Orchard; Precision sprayer ID NURSERY LINER APPLICATIONS; CANOPY CHARACTERISTICS; VOLUME; CROPS AB Efficient and effective precision spray equipment and strategies are in high demand to reduce pesticide use in tree crop production. An experimental variable-rate air-assisted sprayer implemented with a high-speed laser scanning sensor was developed to control the spray output of individual nozzles in real time. The sprayer consisted of a laser scanning sensor control system and an air and liquid delivery system. Each nozzle in the delivery system, coupled with a pulse width modulated (PWM) solenoid valve, achieved variable-rate delivery based on occurrence, height, and width of the target tree and its foliage density. Other components of the sensor control system included a unique algorithm for variable-rate control that instantaneously processed measurements of the canopy surfaces. To determine system delay time, a high-speed video camera was used to record the time period between sensor detection of the canopy and nozzle activation. Spray deposition uniformity inside canopies was verified by quantifying spray coverage inside four ornamental nursery trees of different sizes and canopy densities at 3.2 and 6.4 km h(-1) travel speeds. Test results demonstrated that differences in spray coverage inside the canopies of these four trees in the spraying direction were not statistically significant, even though these trees had different structures, canopy volumes, and foliage densities. The canopy volume and foliage density measured with the algorithm developed for the laser sensor-controlled detection system exhibited little variation between the two travel speeds. Design criteria for the sensor-controlled system in the experimental sprayer were acceptable for variable-rate application, having great potential for spray volume and drift reduction, and thus reducing environmental impact. C1 [Zhu, H.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, ATRU, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Chen, Y.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Zhu, H (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, ATRU, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM heping.zhu@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-NIFA-SCRI [2009-51181-06002]; SEEDS from Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC) FX The authors express their appreciation to A. Clark, K. Williams, and B. Nudd for their assistance throughout the research. This research was supported by USDA-NIFA-SCRI (Grant No. 2009-51181-06002). Financial support was also provided by a SEEDS grant from The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC). NR 20 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 55 IS 3 BP 773 EP 781 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 977ET UT WOS:000306639900006 ER PT J AU Qaiser, K Yuan, Y Lopez, RD AF Qaiser, K. Yuan, Y. Lopez, R. D. TI URBANIZATION IMPACTS ON FLOODING IN THE KANSAS RIVER BASIN AND EVALUATION OF WETLANDS AS A MITIGATION MEASURE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Flooding; HEC-HMS; HEC-RAS; Kansas River; Urbanization; Wetlands ID NEXRAD RAINFALL; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB This study evaluates the impacts of future land use changes on flooding in the Kansas River basin. It also describes the impacts of wetlands on flood reduction. The study presents Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) based runoff modeling and Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) based flood analysis results for SCS 100-year 24 h design storms over the next 30 years. Land use changes in the basin mainly consist of gradual urbanization and densification from low to high intensity urban development by 2040. The models were calibrated and validated for past events and then run for future land use scenarios (2020, 2030, and 2040). The future land use scenarios were developed using GIS. Results demonstrate an appreciable increase in peak discharge and flood inundation extents for the future scenarios. From the baseline scenario to the 2040 scenario, for the different storms, there was a 10% to 19% increase in peak discharge, a 2% to 7% increase in water elevations, and a 5% to 8% increase in inundation area. A considerable reduction in peak discharges and inundation extents was achieved after the wetland area was increased to 6%, 8%, and 10% from the original 5% for the 2020, 2030, and 2040 scenarios, respectively. There was a 12% to 18% decrease in peak discharge, a 1% to 15% decrease in water elevations, and a 15% to 19% decrease in inundation area. This research demonstrates the importance of including wetlands in designing flood mitigation alternatives. C1 [Yuan, Y.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Qaiser, K.] Atkins, Reno, NV USA. [Lopez, R. D.] US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Yuan, Y (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM yuan.yongping@epa.gov NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 55 IS 3 BP 849 EP 859 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 977ET UT WOS:000306639900012 ER PT J AU Williams, MR Feyereisen, GW Beegle, DB Shannon, RD AF Williams, M. R. Feyereisen, G. W. Beegle, D. B. Shannon, R. D. TI SOIL TEMPERATURE REGULATES NITROGEN LOSS FROM LYSIMETERS FOLLOWING FALL AND WINTER MANURE APPLICATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Fall-applied manure; Leachate; Lysimeter; Nitrogen; Runoff; Soil temperature ID CATTLE SLURRY; FROZEN SOILS; AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM; NUTRIENT LOSSES; SPREAD MANURE; RUNOFF; NITRATE; INFILTRATION; WATER AB Many producers practice fall and winter manure spreading for economic and practical reasons. In order to minimize the risk of nitrogen (N) loss between application and crop uptake in the spring, university extension publications and industry professionals often make recommendations based on soil temperature. The objective of this research, therefore, was to determine how soil temperature affects N losses in runoff and leachate, and assess overwinter N losses based on application date and soil temperature. Phosphorus losses are discussed in a separate article. Dairy manure was surface-applied to a channery silt loam soil contained in lysimeters at soil temperatures of 15.7 degrees C, 4.8 degrees C, and -1.1 degrees C, which corresponded to early fall (Oct. 22), late fall (Nov. 17), and winter (Dec. 15) applications, respectively. Nitrogen losses were determined during a series of rainfall simulations and natural precipitation events from October 2009 through March 2010. The soil temperature between manure application and the first rainfall-runoff event three days after application was held constant and significantly influenced N loss. As the soil temperature decreased, losses of NH4-N, organic N, and total N exponentially increased. The form of N losses was also significantly impacted by application date and overwinter soil temperature. Early fall application of manure resulted in significant overwinter NO3-N losses, while the winter-applied manure had significantly more overwinter NH4-N losses. Results of this research show that there are trade-off risks associated with manure application in the fall and winter and that these trade-offs need to be considered in manure management planning in order to enhance N retention and help reduce the risk of overwinter N losses. C1 [Feyereisen, G. W.] USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Williams, M. R.; Shannon, R. D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Beegle, D. B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Feyereisen, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM Gary.Feyereisen@ars.usda.gov RI Baulch, Helen/I-9529-2012 NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 55 IS 3 BP 861 EP 870 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 977ET UT WOS:000306639900013 ER PT J AU Williams, MR Feyereisen, GW Beegle, DB Shannon, RD AF Williams, M. R. Feyereisen, G. W. Beegle, D. B. Shannon, R. D. TI SOIL TEMPERATURE REGULATES PHOSPHORUS LOSS FROM LYSIMETERS FOLLOWING FALL AND WINTER MANURE APPLICATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Fall-applied manure; Leachate; Lysimeter; Phosphorus; Runoff; Soil temperature ID EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM; SURFACE RUNOFF; FROZEN SOILS; NITROGEN; WATER; INFILTRATION; RAINFALL; UREA; MANAGEMENT; DEPENDENCE AB Applying manure in the fall and winter increases the potential for nutrient loss prior to crop uptake in the spring. In order to minimize the risk of nutrient loss, recommendations are often based on soil temperature, since biological activity has been shown to decrease substantially at temperatures less than 10 degrees C. These recommendations are often targeted toward reducing nitrogen (79 losses; thus, a smaller body of information is available on the fate of phosphorus (P) from fall and winter applied manure. The objective of this research was to determine how soil temperature affects P loss in runoff and leachate, and assess ovenvinter P losses based on application date and soil temperature. Nitrogen losses are discussed in a separate article. Dairy manure was surface applied to a channel); silt loam soil contained in lysimeters at soil temperatures of 15.7 degrees C, 4.8 degrees C, and -1.1 degrees C, which represented early fall, late fall, and winter applications, respectively. Phosphorus losses were determined during a series of rainfall simulations and natural precipitation events from October 2009 through March 2010. Phosphorus losses were significantly influenced by the soil temperature at the time of manure application and first rainfall-runoff event. As the soil temperature decreased, losses of DRP, TDP, and total P increased. Overwinter losses were also significantly impacted by soil temperature. The winter treatment had two times higher total P losses compared to the manure applied during the early fall. Results of this research show that soil temperature is important for determining P losses and that incorporating quantitative tools, such as soil temperature, into manure management plans could enhance P retention and help reduce the risk of overwinter P losses. C1 [Feyereisen, G. W.] USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Williams, M. R.; Shannon, R. D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Beegle, D. B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Agron, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Feyereisen, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Unit, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM Gary.Feyereisen@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 55 IS 3 BP 871 EP 880 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 977ET UT WOS:000306639900014 ER PT J AU Irmak, S Burgert, MJ Yang, HS Cassman, KG Walters, DT Rathje, WR Payero, JO Grassini, P Kuzila, MS Brunkhorst, KJ Eisenhauer, DE Kranz, WL VanDeWalle, B Rees, JM Zoubek, GL Shapiro, CA Teichmeier, GJ AF Irmak, S. Burgert, M. J. Yang, H. S. Cassman, K. G. Walters, D. T. Rathje, W. R. Payero, J. O. Grassini, P. Kuzila, M. S. Brunkhorst, K. J. Eisenhauer, D. E. Kranz, W. L. VanDeWalle, B. Rees, J. M. Zoubek, G. L. Shapiro, C. A. Teichmeier, G. J. TI LARGE-SCALE ON-FARM IMPLEMENTATION OF SOIL MOISTURE-BASED IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR INCREASING MAIZE WATER PRODUCTIVITY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Evapotranspiration; Irrigation management; Maize; Soil moisture; Water productivity; Water use efficiency ID CORN YIELD RESPONSE; EVAPO-TRANSPIRATION; SIMULATION-MODEL; USE EFFICIENCY; HYBRID-MAIZE; AGRICULTURE; TEXTURE; DROUGHT; SILKING AB Irrigated maize is produced on about 3.5 Mho in the U.S. Great Plains and western Corn Belt. Most irrigation water comes from groundwater Persistent drought and increased competition for water resources threaten long-term viability of groundwater resources, which motivated our research to develop strategies to increase water productivity without noticeable reduction in maize yield. Results from previous research at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) experiment stations in 2005 and 2006 found that it was possible to substantially reduce irrigation amounts and increase irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and crop water use efficiency (CWUE) (or crop water productivity) with little or no reduction in yield using an irrigation regime that applies less water during growth stages that are less sensitive to water stress. Our hypothesis was that a soil moisture-based irrigation management approach in research fields would give similar results in large production-scale, center-pivot irrigated fields in Nebraska. To test this hypothesis, IWUE, CWUE, and grain yields were compared in extensive on-farm research located at eight locations over two years (16 site-years), representing more than 600 ha of irrigated maize area. In each site-year two contiguous center-pivot irrigated maize fields with similar topography, soil properties, and crop management practices received different irrigation regimes: one was managed by UNL researchers, and the other was managed by the farmer at each site. Irrigation management in fanner-managed fields relied on the farmers 'traditional visual observations and personal expertise, whereas irrigation timing in the UNL-managed fields was based on pre-determined soil water depletion thresholds measured using soil moisture sensors, as well as crop phenology predicted by a crop simulation model using a combination of real-time (in-season) and historical weather data. The soil moisture-based irrigation regime resulted in greater soil water depletion, which decreased irrigation requirements and enabled more timely irrigation management in the UNL-managed fields in both years (34% and 32% less irrigation application compared with farmer-managed fields. in 2007 and 2008, respectively). The average actual crop evapotranspiration (ETC) for the UNL- and farmer-managed fields for all sites in 2007 was 487 and 504 mm, respectively. In 2008, the average UNL and average farmer-managed field had seasonal ETC of 511 and 548 mm, respectively. Thus, when the average of all sites is considered, the UNL-managed fields had 3% and 7% less ETC than the farmer-managed fields in 2007 and 2008, respectively, although the percentage was much higher for some of the farmer-managed fields. In both years, differences in grain yield between the UNL and farmer-managed fields were not statistically significant (p = 0.75). On-farm implementation of irrigation management strategies resulted in a 38% and 30% increase in IWUE in the UNL-managed fields in 2007 and 2008, respectively. On average, the CWUE value for the UNL-managed fields was 4% higher than those in the farmer-managed fields in both years. Reduction in irrigation water withdrawal in UNL-managed fields resulted in $32.00 to $74.10 ha(-1) in 2007 and $44.46 to $66.50 ha(-1) in 2008 in energy saving and additional net return to the farm income. The results from this study can have significant positive implications in future irrigation management of irrigated maize systems in regions with similar soil and crop management practices. C1 [Irmak, S.; Rathje, W. R.; Eisenhauer, D. E.; Kranz, W. L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Burgert, M. J.] USDA NRCS, Clay Ctr, NE USA. [Yang, H. S.; Cassman, K. G.; Walters, D. T.; Grassini, P.; Shapiro, C. A.; Teichmeier, G. J.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Payero, J. O.] Univ Queensland, Queensland Alliance Agr & Food Innovat, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Kuzila, M. S.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [VanDeWalle, B.] UNL, Geneva, Switzerland. [Rees, J. M.] UNL, Clay Ctr, NE USA. [Zoubek, G. L.] UNL, York, NE USA. [Brunkhorst, K. J.] Nebraska Corn Board, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Irmak, S (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 239 LW Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM sirmak2@unl.edu FU USDA-NRCS Conservation and Innovation Grant (National); Nebraska Corn Board [68-3A75-6-156] FX The authors greatly appreciate the cooperation of the farmer-collaborators on this project who allowed the project team to conduct this study on their farms. This project was funded by the USDA-NRCS Conservation and Innovation Grant (National) and sponsored and supported by the Nebraska Corn Board under Grant Agreement No. 68-3A75-6-156. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 55 IS 3 BP 881 EP 894 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 977ET UT WOS:000306639900015 ER PT J AU King, BA Bjorneberg, DL AF King, B. A. Bjorneberg, D. L. TI TRANSIENT SOIL SURFACE SEALING AND INFILTRATION MODEL FOR BARE SOIL UNDER DROPLET IMPACT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Droplet impact; Infiltration; Kinetic energy; Rainfall; Runoff; Soil surface sealing; Specific power; Sprinkler irrigation ID CENTER-PIVOT IRRIGATION; SPRAY PLATE SPRINKLERS; KINETIC-ENERGY; WATER; RAINFALL; RUNOFF; DYNAMICS; GREEN; YIELD; UNIFORMITY AB The marked reduction in infiltration rate caused by formation of a soil surface seal due to water droplet impact on bare soil is a well known phenomenon but is rarely considered in infiltration models, especially under center-pivot irrigation. Water application rates under center-pivot irrigation commonly exceed the infiltration rate, especially near the end of the system lateral. This can lead to off-site runoff and erosion, but more importantly results in field-scale non-uniform water infiltration that can substantially reduce water use efficiency of these irrigation systems. The objective of this study was to develop a sealing soil infiltration model that considers transient soil seal formation on a 30 min or less time scale and can potentially be applied to center-pivot sprinkler irrigation systems. A sealing soil infiltration model was developed using an explicit finite difference solution scheme with a transient soil seal formation model, which is unique from other studies in that it explicitly uses droplet specific power as the driving factor for formation of a soil surf:ace seal. The form of the transient seal formation model is also unique in that it is expressed as a rational function of specific power rather than an exponential decay function of droplet kinetic energy. The model was applied to published runoff data from two rainfall simulation studies with varying droplet kinetic energies and application rates on three soils. The sealing soil infiltration model represented the measured infiltration rates very well for all rainfall simulator tests. The transient soil seal formation model uses three parameters, one of which is an empirical parameter representing the susceptibility of the soil to aggregate breakdown that was constant for a given soil. A second model parameter, final saturated hydraulic conductivity of the surface seal, was well correlated to droplet specific power for a given soil. Application of the model to center-pivot irrigation will require the development of a model for estimating droplet specific power and application rate profiles from center-pivot sprinklers for a range of sprinkler designs, flow rates, operating pressures, spacings, and heights. C1 [King, B. A.; Bjorneberg, D. L.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP King, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N,3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM brad.king@ars.usda.gov NR 69 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 55 IS 3 BP 937 EP 945 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 977ET UT WOS:000306639900019 ER PT J AU Stone, KC Bauer, PJ Andrae, J Busscher, WJ Millen, JA Strickland, EE Evans, DE AF Stone, K. C. Bauer, P. J. Andrae, J. Busscher, W. J. Millen, J. A. Strickland, E. E. Evans, D. E. TI IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN IMPACT ON BERMUDAGRASS YIELD RESPONSE IN THE SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL PLAIN SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Bermudagrass; Forage quality; Irrigation; Irrigation management; Nitrogen ID SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; TIFTON-85 BERMUDAGRASS; EFFLUENT; WATER AB In the southeastern region of the US., the cattle industry has a critical need for sustainable hay production. Yet this production is threatened by frequent short-term regional drought. This drought threat can be mitigated by properly managed irrigation. In this study on Tifton 85 bermudagrass, irrigation management, nitrogen fertility levels, and harvest interval were evaluated for their impact on hay quality and yield. The experimental treatments were arrayed in a split-plot design with harvest interval as the main treatment; irrigation by nitrogen (N) levels were the subplots. Treatments had four replicates and were repeated for two years. The optimal irrigation rate was set to maintain soil water potentials below -30 kPa. When needed, the full irrigation treatment received a 12.5 min irrigation application. The reduced irrigation treatments received water at rates of 0%, 33%, and 66% of the full irrigation rate. In addition, each irrigation treatment had nitrogen rates of 168, 336, and 504 kg N ha(-1). The irrigation and nitrogen treatments were harvested at four-week or eight-week intervals. Total harvests per year ranged from three to six. Over both years and for all harvests, there was no irrigation-nitrogen interaction for hay yield. Over all harvests, nitrogen significantly increased bermudagrass hay yield, nutrient concentrations, and forage quality. Forage quality was higher for the four-week harvest interval. Throughout the study forage quality was maintained within desired industry standards. When irrigation was required, it significantly increased hay yield. During these periods, the four-week and eight-week 100% irrigation treatments yielded 612 and 1600 kg ha(-1) greater, respectively, than the non-irrigated treatments. The four-week harvest interval was more sensitive to irrigation. Additionally, we observed a linear relationship between non-irrigated bermudagrass hay yields and average soil water potential. As soil water was depleted, non-irrigated hay yields decreased 31 kg ha(-1) per kPa. Timely supplemental irrigation to maintain soil water potentials above -30 kPa can increase bermudagrass yields. Thus, irrigation management should be critically assessed for its potential role in sustaining hay production in the southeastern Coastal Plain. C1 [Stone, K. C.; Bauer, P. J.; Busscher, W. J.; Millen, J. A.; Strickland, E. E.; Evans, D. E.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Andrae, J.] Clemson Univ, Dept Anim & Vet Sci, Clemson, SC USA. RP Stone, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM Ken.stone@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 55 IS 3 BP 969 EP 978 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 977ET UT WOS:000306639900022 ER PT J AU Lamba, J Way, TR Srivastava, P Sen, S Wood, CW Yoo, KH AF Lamba, J. Way, T. R. Srivastava, P. Sen, S. Wood, C. W. Yoo, K. H. TI SURFACE TRANSPORT OF NUTRIENTS FROM SURFACE-BROADCAST AND SUBSURFACE-BANDED BROILER LITTER SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Animal waste; Land application; Manure; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Subsurface-banding; Surface runoff ID POULTRY LITTER; INORGANIC FERTILIZER; DISSOLVED PHOSPHORUS; APPLIED MANURES; RUNOFF; PASTURE; WATER; RAINFALL; NITROGEN; QUALITY AB Nutrient buildup, mainly phosphorus (P), and loss from fields fertilized with poultry (broiler) litter contribute to eutrophication of surface waters. In the U.S., broiler litter is typically surface-applied, but recently, to reduce surface transport of P and other nutrients, subsurface-banding of broiler litter has been promoted as a new manure application method. The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in nutrient transport between subsurface-banded and surface-applied broiler litter in a tall fescue pasture. Treatments were surface-applied and subsurface-banded broiler litter at a rate of 5.0 Mg ha(-1), and no application of litter (control). Results showed that runoff concentrations and loadings of total P (TP), ortho-P (PO4-P), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), and ammonium-N (NH4-N) were reduced by 83%, 88%, 74%, and 80%, respectively, for the subsurface-banded litter as compared to the surface-applied litter. Concentrations and loadings of all nutrients in surface runoff from the subsurface-banded treatment were similar to those from the control. This study showed that subsurface banding of broiler litter can substantially reduce nutrient losses in surface runoff However, since less than 10% of the simulated rainfall contributed to surface runoff (more than 90% rainfall infiltrated), subsurface transport of nutrients from surface-applied and subsurface-banded litter needs to be studied in field research. C1 [Way, T. R.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Lamba, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI USA. [Srivastava, P.; Yoo, K. H.] Auburn Univ, Dept Biosyst Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Sen, S.] Ashoka Trust Res Ecol & Environm, Gangtok, Sikkim, India. [Wood, C. W.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Way, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM tom.way@ars.usda.gov RI Srivastava, Puneet/F-8390-2014; LAMBA, JASMEET/B-3878-2015 FU Natural Resources Initiative grant program of Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station FX The project was supported by the Natural Resources Initiative grant program of the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station. We gratefully acknowledge Marlin R. Siegford, Brenda H. Wood, and Anand K. Gupta for their technical assistance in this research. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 55 IS 3 BP 979 EP 985 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 977ET UT WOS:000306639900023 ER PT J AU Rathbun, J Safferman, SI Davis, SS Cleary, T Foight, K AF Rathbun, J. Safferman, S. I. Davis, S. S. Cleary, T. Foight, K. TI PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE MICHIGAN FILTER MOUND FOR TREATING MILKING CENTER WASTEWATER FROM A SMALL DAIRY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Carbon treatment; Filter mound; Metal mobilization; Milking facility wastewater; Nutrient treatment ID ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; EXTRACTS AB A filter mound was built to treat the milking center wastewater from a 200-cow dairy farm in central Michigan. Wastewater flowed through three filter-equipped settling tanks and was pumped into the filter mound, which was sized to accommodate two rnilkings per day. A dosing rate of approximately 13 L m(-2) d(-1) was used. The pollutant removal performance of four treatment media was evaluated: unaerated shredded hardwood tree bark, passively aerated tree bark, hardwood tree wood chips, and Styrofoam chips. Pollutant removal performance was assessed by collecting samples in lysimeters at three locations for each of the four media beds: within the filter mound 0.5 m below the distribution lines, at the bed:soil interface, and 0.6 m beneath the bed:soil interface. Over the first 50 weeks of the project, the shredded tree bark removed 90% or more of total phosphorus, ammonia, total suspended solids, and E. coli bacteria. Wood chips were less effective, and Styrofoam chips provided essentially no treatment. Passive aeration of the shredded bark did not significantly affect pollutant removal. After 50 weeks, the dairy farm unexpectedly switched to three milkings per day, which hydraulically overloaded the filter mound, causing failure of the system, as evidenced by excess standing water around the base of the mound and clogging of filters. Leaching of naturally occurring metals from the soil under the filter mound was significant; dissolved manganese concentrations usually exceeded the human health-based drinking water criterion at the subsurface lysimeters beneath the aerated bark, wood chips, and Styrofoam chips, and dissolved iron often exceeded the drinking water criterion beneath the aerated bark bed. This study also documented operation and maintenance issues and costs, and developed a maintenance schedule. Solids buildup in the settling tanks, filters, and distribution lines was a major issue but was easily addressed. The filter mound cost approximately $30,000 (2010 US. dollars) to construct and $2,240 per year to operate and maintain. C1 [Safferman, S. I.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Rathbun, J.; Cleary, T.] Michigan Dept Environm Qual, Lansing, MI USA. [Davis, S. S.] USDA NRCS, E Lansing, MI USA. [Foight, K.] Clinton Conservat Dist, St Johns, MI USA. RP Safferman, SI (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Farrall Agr Engn Hall,Room 212,524 S Shaw Lane, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM safferma@msu.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 55 IS 3 BP 995 EP 1002 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 977ET UT WOS:000306639900025 ER PT J AU Wang, ZH Kai, ZP Beier, RC Shen, JZ Yang, XL AF Wang, Zhanhui Kai, Zhenpeng Beier, Ross C. Shen, Jianzhong Yang, Xinling TI Investigation of Antigen-Antibody Interactions of Sulfonamides with a Monoclonal Antibody in a Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay Using 3D-QSAR Models SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE 3D-QSAR; sulfonamides; monoclonal antibody; CoMFA; CoMSIA ID TANDEM-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MOLECULAR-FIELD ANALYSIS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; 3D QSAR; COCAINE BINDING; CHICKEN MUSCLE; COMFA; SULFAMETHAZINE; COMSIA AB A three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model of sulfonamide analogs binding a monoclonal antibody (MAb(SMR)) produced against sulfamerazine was carried out by Distance Comparison (DISCOtech), comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA). The affinities of the MAbSMR, expressed as Log(10)IC(50), for 17 sulfonamide analogs were determined by competitive fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA). The results demonstrated that the proposed pharmacophore model containing two hydrogen-bond acceptors, two hydrogen-bond donors and two hydrophobic centers characterized the structural features of the sulfonamides necessary for MAb(SMR) binding. Removal of two outliers from the initial set of 17 sulfonamide analogs improved the predictability of the models. The 3D-QSAR models of 15 sulfonamides based on CoMFA and CoMSIA resulted in q(cv)(2) values of 0.600 and 0.523, and r(2) values of 0.995 and 0.994, respectively, which indicates that both methods have significant predictive capability. Connolly surface analysis, which mainly focused on steric force fields, was performed to complement the results from CoMFA and CoMSIA. This novel study combining FPIA with pharmacophore modeling demonstrates that multidisciplinary research is useful for investigating antigen-antibody interactions and also may provide information required for the design of new haptens. C1 [Wang, Zhanhui; Shen, Jianzhong] China Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Kai, Zhenpeng; Yang, Xinling] China Agr Univ, Coll Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Beier, Ross C.] Texas A&M Univ, USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Shen, JZ (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. EM wangzhanhui@cau.edu.cn; zhenpengkai@hotmail.com; ross.beier@yahoo.com; sjz@cau.edu.cn; xinlingyang@cau.edu.cn OI Wang, Zhanhui/0000-0002-0167-9559 FU State Key Program of National Natural Science of China [30830082]; Beijing Excellent Doctoral Dissertation Fund [YB20081001902] FX The authors thank Jordan R. Beier for technical assistance. This work was supported by grants from the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China (No. 30830082), and the Beijing Excellent Doctoral Dissertation Fund (YB20081001902). NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 28 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-6596 J9 INT J MOL SCI JI Int. J. Mol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 13 IS 5 BP 6334 EP 6351 DI 10.3390/ijms13056334 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 971EJ UT WOS:000306186200072 PM 22754368 ER PT J AU Truong, VD Hu, Z Thompson, RL Yencho, GC Pecota, KV AF Truong, V. D. Hu, Z. Thompson, R. L. Yencho, G. C. Pecota, K. V. TI Pressurized liquid extraction and quantification of anthocyanins in purple-fleshed sweet potato genotypes SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Ipomoea batatas L.; Purple-fleshed sweetpotatoes; Anthocyanins; Extraction; pH-differential method; Color values; Food analysis; Food composition ID RESPONSE-SURFACE METHODOLOGY; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; D-GALACTOSE; GRAPE SKIN; ANTIOXIDANT; FOODS; CULTIVARS; PUREES; HPLC AB Analysis of anthocyanins responsible for the purple flesh color is important for breeding programs and development of value-added products. This study aimed to optimize the conditions for anthocyanin extraction from purple-fleshed sweet potatoes (PFSP) using pressurized-liquid extraction (PLE) method and quantify anthocyanins in various genotypes. Freeze-dried powders of PFSP genotypes were extracted with acidified methanol using an accelerated solvent extractor. Anthocyanin content of the extract was characterized by (a) pH-differential method and (b) color value protocol measuring absorbance at 530 nm, which is commonly used in Japan as a commercial indicator of total anthocyanin quantity. Highest anthocyanin yields by PLE were with an acetic acid:methanol:water mixture of 7:75:18% (v/v), sample weight of <0.5 g and 80-120 degrees C. Among 335 genotypes, the anthocyanin content varied widely from 0 to 663 mg cyanidine-3-glucoside equivalent/100 g powder or 0-210 mg/100 g fresh weight. The total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA) contents determined by the pH-differential method were highly correlated with the Japan color value (JCV) protocol, TMA = (0.145) JCV, R-2 = 0.943. These results can be useful for sweet potato breeding programs and processing industry in development of PFSP cultivars and processed products with high anthocyanin levels. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Truong, V. D.; Hu, Z.; Thompson, R. L.] N Carolina State Univ, ARS, USDA, SAA Food Sci Res Unit,Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sc, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Yencho, G. C.; Pecota, K. V.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Truong, VD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, ARS, USDA, SAA Food Sci Res Unit,Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sc, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM den.truong@ars.usda.gov RI Osorio Tobon, Juan Felipe/G-6877-2012 NR 37 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 61 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 EI 1096-0481 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 96 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2012.03.006 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 969HG UT WOS:000306045700012 ER PT J AU Murdock, JN Wetzel, DL AF Murdock, Justin N. Wetzel, David L. TI Macromolecular Response of Individual Algal Cells to Nutrient and Atrazine Mixtures within Biofilms SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; FRESH-WATER ALGAE; PERIPHYTON COMMUNITIES; PLANKTON COMMUNITIES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; EUTROPHIC LAKE; FT-IR; MICROSPECTROSCOPY; PHYTOPLANKTON; HERBICIDE AB Pollutant effects on biofilm physiology are difficult to assess due to differential susceptibility of species and difficulty separating individual species for analysis. Also, measuring whole assemblage responses such as metabolism can mask species-specific responses, as some species may decrease and others increase metabolic activity. Physiological responses can add information to compositional data, and may be a more sensitive indicator of effect. It is difficult, however, to separate individual species for biochemical analyses. Agricultural runoff often contains multiple pollutants that may alter algal assemblages in receiving waters. It is unclear how mixtures containing potential algal growth stimulators and inhibitors (e.g., nutrients and herbicides) alter algal assemblage structure and function. In research presented here, algal biofilms were exposed to nutrients, atrazine, and their mixtures, and assemblage-level structural and functional changes were measured. Synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy (IMS) was used to isolate the biochemical changes within individual cells from a dominant species of a green alga (Mougeotia sp.), a diatom (Navicula sp.), and a cyanobacterium (Hapalosiphon sp.). At the assemblage level, mixtures generally increased algal biovolume, decreased chlorophyll a, and had no effect on metabolism or ammonium uptake. Navicula had a strong negative response to atrazine initially, but later was more affected by nutrients. Hapalosiphon responded positively to both atrazine and nutrients, and Mougeotia did not exhibit any biochemical trends. Generally, biochemical changes in each species were similar to cells experiencing low stress conditions, with increased relative protein and decreased relative lipid. IMS provided direct evidence that individual species in a natural biofilm can have unique responses to atrazine, nutrients, and mixtures. Results suggest that the initial benthic community composition should have a strong influence on the overall impact of agricultural pollutants. C1 [Murdock, Justin N.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Wetzel, David L.] Kansas State Univ, Microbeam Mol Spect Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Murdock, JN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, 598 McElroy Dr, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM justin.murdock@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We thank Alexandra Ashmead for field and laboratory assistance. M. Moore, J. O'Brien, J. Farris, H. Tyler, and two anonymous reviewers provided insightful comments that improved this manuscript. We also thank L. Miller for facilitating the use of synchrotron infrared beamline U2B. The National Synchrotron Light Source of Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, is operated as a user facility by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 EI 1432-184X J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 63 IS 4 BP 761 EP 772 DI 10.1007/s00248-011-9994-5 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 970KM UT WOS:000306127300006 PM 22202888 ER PT J AU Carbonero, F Oakley, BB Hawkins, RJ Purdy, KJ AF Carbonero, Franck Oakley, Brian B. Hawkins, Robert J. Purdy, Kevin J. TI Genotypic Distribution of a Specialist Model Microorganism, Methanosaeta, along an Estuarine Gradient: Does Metabolic Restriction Limit Niche Differentiation Potential? SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; METHANOGENIC BACTERIA; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MICROBIAL ECOLOGY; SEQUENCE DATA; UK ESTUARY; DIVERSITY; BIOGEOGRAPHY; COMMUNITY; ARCHAEA AB A reductionist ecological approach of using a model genus was adopted in order to understand how microbial community structure is driven by metabolic properties. The distribution along an estuarine gradient of the highly specialised genus Methanosaeta was investigated and compared to the previously determined distribution of the more metabolically flexible Desulfobulbus. Methanosaeta genotypic distribution along the Colne estuary (Essex, UK) was determined by DNA- and RNA-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. Methanosaeta distribution was monotonic, with a consistently diverse community and no apparent niche partitioning either in DNA or RNA analyses. This distribution pattern contrasts markedly with the previously described niche partitioning and sympatric differentiation of the model generalist, Desulfobulbus. To explain this difference, it is hypothesised that Methanosaeta's strict metabolic needs limit its adaptation potential, thus populations do not partition into spatially distinct groups and so do not appear to be constrained by gross environmental factors such as salinity. Thus, at least for these two model genera, it appears that metabolic flexibility may be an important factor in spatial distribution and this may be applicable to other microbes. C1 [Carbonero, Franck; Oakley, Brian B.; Purdy, Kevin J.] Univ Warwick, Sch Life Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Hawkins, Robert J.] Univ Reading, Dept Biol Sci, Reading RG6 6AJ, Berks, England. [Carbonero, Franck] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Oakley, Brian B.] ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Purdy, KJ (reprint author), Univ Warwick, Sch Life Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. EM k.purdy@warwick.ac.uk RI Purdy, Kevin/A-1900-2009 OI Purdy, Kevin/0000-0002-2997-9342 FU Marie Curie Excellence Team Grant MicroComXT [MEXT-CT-2005-024112] FX This work was funded by a Marie Curie Excellence Team Grant MicroComXT (MEXT-CT-2005-024112) to KJP. Clones were sequenced at the Sequencing Facility, Natural History Museum, London, UK. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 63 IS 4 BP 856 EP 864 DI 10.1007/s00248-011-9993-6 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 970KM UT WOS:000306127300015 PM 22183047 ER PT J AU Cheek, JW Biondi, F Sibold, JS Tausch, R AF Cheek, Jonathan W. Biondi, Franco Sibold, Jason S. Tausch, Robin TI FUEL ANALYSIS AND POTENTIAL FIRE BEHAVIOR IN MIXED CONIFER WOODLANDS OF THE GREAT BASIN, NEVADA, USA SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE fire regime; pinyon-juniper; dendroecology; tree rings; Great Basin; Pinus monophylla; Pinus ponderosa; Juniperus osteosperma; crown fire; forest fuels ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; CROWN FIRE; PONDEROSA PINE; NORTH-AMERICA; FOREST; CLIMATE; MODEL; RESTORATION; IMPACTS AB The Great Basin contains mountain woodlands characterized by a mixture of conifer species (mainly Pinus monophylla, Pinus ponderosa, and Juniperus osteosperma) whose interaction with wildland fire may be affected by climatic changes. To determine expected wildfire behavior at these semiarid mountain sites, we analyzed fuel conditions at Mount Irish and the Clover Mountains, in southeastern Nevada. Current fuels were quantified by herbaceous and shrub vegetation cover, down dead woody debris, litter and duff bulk density, canopy bulk density (CBD), and biomass. At Mount Irish, CBD was about twice that at the Clover Mountains, indicating a potential crown fire behavior of higher severity. On the other hand, continuity of surface fuels, and associated surface fire spread, were greater at the Clover Mountains. To reconstruct canopy fuels at each site, all woody stems on twelve 0.1 ha plots were mapped, measured, and cored. Increment cores were processed using dendrochronological methods; establishment dates and reconstructed DBH were then used as input for simulation models. Canopy fuels and potential fire behavior over time were modeled using the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) and its Fire and Fuels Extension. A transition from surface to crown fire conditions was uncovered at both sites, but at the Clover Mountains it occurred 20-30 years post Euro-American settlement, while at Mount Irish it took place 70-80 years prior to settlement. Because patterns and processes of fuel accumulation and potential fire behavior are not spatially or temporally homogenous in Great Basin mixed-conifer woodlands, conservation targets for these ecosystems cannot simply replicate those designed for either pinyon-juniper vegetation or for ponderosa pine stands in other regions of North America. C1 [Cheek, Jonathan W.; Biondi, Franco] Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, DendroLab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Sibold, Jason S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Tausch, Robin] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Biondi, F (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, DendroLab, MS 154, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM fbiondi@unr.edu RI Biondi, Franco/G-2536-2010 OI Biondi, Franco/0000-0003-0651-104X FU Bureau of Land Management, Department of the Interior, U.S. Government, under the Great Basin Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit Agreement [FAA070002]; NSF [EPS-0814372] FX This work was supported, in part, by Cooperative Agreement No. FAA070002 with the Bureau of Land Management, Department of the Interior, U.S. Government, under the Great Basin Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit Agreement, and by NSF Cooperative Agreement EPS-0814372 to the Nevada System of Higher Education. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the U.S. Government. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank the DendroLab personnel who helped with field and laboratory work, particularly Scotty Strachan, Megan Bradley, Kelli Hoover, Mackenzie Kilpatrick, Kurt Solander, Michael Koch, Katie Mann, Alex Mensing, Jeff Crawford, Jeff Crooks, and Kevin Rock. We are also grateful to Scott Mensing for allowing access to his laboratory equipment, and to Nicole Vaillant for her assistance with FVS and FireFamilyPlus. The comments provided by George Malanson and two anonymous reviewers helped improve the original manuscript. NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 26 PU BELLWETHER PUBL LTD PI COLUMBIA PA 8640 GUILFORD RD, STE 200, COLUMBIA, MD 21046 USA SN 0272-3646 J9 PHYS GEOGR JI Phys. Geogr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 33 IS 3 BP 205 EP 228 DI 10.2747/0272-3646.33.3.205 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 970LL UT WOS:000306130300001 ER PT J AU Nagle, GN Fahey, TJ Woodbury, PB Ritchie, JC AF Nagle, Gregory N. Fahey, Timothy J. Woodbury, Peter B. Ritchie, Jerry C. TI BANK EROSION IN FIFTEEN TRIBUTARIES IN THE GLACIATED UPPER SUSQUEHANNA BASIN OF NEW YORK AND PENNSYLVANIA SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE stream bank erosion; sediment sources; sediment tracers; Cs-137; glaciated upper Susquehanna basin; mill dams; legacy sediment ID SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT SOURCES; SMALL DRAINAGE-BASIN; LAND-USE CHANGE; FINE SEDIMENT; UNITED-STATES; SOIL-EROSION; RIVER-BASIN; CATCHMENT; CESIUM-137; TRACERS AB The proportional contributions of cultivated lands and stream banks as sources of fine sediment loads were quantified in 15 rural watersheds in the Glaciated Appalachian Plateau region of the Susquehanna River basin of New York and Pennsylvania. We utilized a relatively simple method of fingerprinting sediment sources by comparing the concentrations of the nuclear bomb-derived radionuclide Cs-137 in fluvial sediment samples collected from channel margins with sediment from cultivated fields and stream banks. The proportion of fine sediment from bank erosion ranged from none to 100% in the study tributaries, with a median contribution of 53% across the 15 study streams. In one stream with no evidence of bank sediment, anomalously high Cs-137 levels in the samples indicated that the sources were pasture or forest, probably scoured from marshy floodplains upstream of the sampling sites. In the 14 other streams, cultivated lands accounted for an average of 42% of the fine sediment. We discuss sources of eroded bank material and the processes driving stream bank erosion in this glaciated region, and examine the impact of historic mill-dam deposits on bank erosion. C1 [Nagle, Gregory N.; Fahey, Timothy J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Woodbury, Peter B.] Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ritchie, Jerry C.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Nagle, GN (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM gnagle2000@yahoo.com OI Woodbury, Peter/0000-0003-3954-7639 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2005-34244-157] FX This article is part of the Cornell University Agricultural Ecosystems Program: Understanding Sources and Sinks of Nutrients and Sediment in the Upper Susquehanna River Basin, funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service under award number 2005-34244-157. We are grateful for the useful critiques by Dan Royall and an anonymous reviewer. NR 88 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-3646 EI 1930-0557 J9 PHYS GEOGR JI Phys. Geogr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 33 IS 3 BP 229 EP 251 DI 10.2747/0272-3646.33.3.229 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 970LL UT WOS:000306130300002 ER PT J AU Huang, Y Zhan, W Fritz, BK Thomson, SJ AF Huang, Y. Zhan, W. Fritz, B. K. Thomson, S. J. TI OPTIMIZING SELECTION OF CONTROLLABLE VARIABLES TO MINIMIZE DOWNWIND DRIFT FROM AERIALLY APPLIED SPRAYS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Spray drift; Aerial application; Simulation; Optimization; Monte Carlo analysis ID DEPOSITION; DISPERSION; MODEL; STABILITY AB Drift of aerially applied crop protection and production materials was studied using a novel simulation-based approach. This new approach first studied many factors that can potentially contribute to downwind deposition from aerial spray application to narrow down the major contributing factors. An optimization process was then applied to reduce the negative impact from one of the main factors, wind speed. With the focus on major contributing factors such as wind speed, release height, and droplet size, the optimization process was performed in AGDISP and MATLAB. This resulted in a near-optimal offset of the flight trajectory in the direction perpendicular to the swath lines to compensate for wind speed. The effect of the near-optimal offset, i.e., the swath offset, was then validated using the Monte Carlo analysis: random values for all the factors were generated; the near-optimal swath offset values were used in comparison to the default one-half swath width offset; the difference between results using the default and the near-optimal offset was analyzed. Statistical analysis of results showed that using the near-optimal offset values can greatly reduce downwind drift as compared to the default offset value. The near-optimal offset values achieved results very close to the optimal ones. For the comparison of application efficiencies, the cumulative downwind deposition between 30.48 and 45.72 m (100 and 150 ft), and the deposition at 30.48, 76.2, and 152.4 m (100, 250, and 500 ft) were used as the performance metrics. The new method can provide some guidance to applicators. For instance, in order to achieve a certain application efficiency value, certain constraints on wind speed, release height, and droplet size must be satisfied. C1 [Huang, Y.] ARS, USDA, JWDSRC Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Zhan, W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Engn Technol & Ind Distribut, College Stn, TX USA. [Fritz, B. K.] ARS, USDA, Arcawidc Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. [Thomson, S. J.] ARS, USDA, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Huang, Y (reprint author), ARS, USDA, JWDSRC Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM yanbo.huang@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 28 IS 3 BP 307 EP 314 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 969EM UT WOS:000306038500001 ER PT J AU Derksen, RC Paul, PA Ozkan, HE Zhu, H AF Derksen, R. C. Paul, P. A. Ozkan, H. E. Zhu, H. TI FIELD EVALUATIONS OF APPLICATION TECHNIQUES FOR FUNGICIDE SPRAY DEPOSITION ON WHEAT AND ARTIFICIAL TARGETS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Air assist sprayers; Droplet size; Fluorescent tracer; Stem rust; Sprays; Wheat AB New variants of wheat pathogens are emerging in various countries for which there is no known genetic resistance. The current movement of these pathogens suggests that their incursion into the United States is imminent. The objective of this work was to identify (effective application parameters to apply fungicides for protecting against wheat head scab and stem rust infection. Field trials were designed to evaluate the effect of spray volume, spray quality, and air assistance on spray deposition on sections of a wheat plant most susceptible to infection. Following application of a fluorescent tracer tank mix, plant samples were collected from each of ten plants in each replicate for each treatment. Plant sections sampled included Heads, Flag Leaf Flag Leaf +1 (sometimes referred to as the penultimate leaf or Flag Leaf-1), and the Stem between the Head and Flag Leaf +1. There were no significant differences between treatments in the amount of spray on the stem sections but the higher volume (140 L/ha) treatments tended to produced the highest deposits across all plant parts compared to the lower volume (94 L/ha) treatments. Significant differences between treatments were observed for the amount of spray found on Head and Leaf sections. Directing the spray and air stream 300 forward increased deposits of Fine spray quality droplets on the Head sections but reduced deposits on the more horizontal Flag leaves. Spray coverage measured on artificial targets with a vertical and cylindrical shape (to simulate the wheat head target) also increased when the air/spray stream was directed 30 forward compared to a vertical delivery. Spray coverage also was higher for treatments made at the same spray volume and air outlet speed using a Fine quality spray nozzle compared to a Medium quality spray nozzle. These results demonstrate that different application parameters may be required depending on the specific section of the wheat plant that requires protection. C1 [Derksen, R. C.; Zhu, H.] ARS, USDA, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Paul, P. A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH USA. [Ozkan, H. E.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Derksen, RC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Agr Engn Bldg,1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM rich.derksen@ars.usda.gov FU Ohio State University; USDA-ARS FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of The Ohio State University, OARDC Agronomy Farm for providing field space for conducting these trials. In addition, the authors want to acknowledge the particular contributions by Andy Doklovic for securing the research space and preparing the field equipment, Keith Williams for supporting meteorological data collection, Leslie Morris and Jenny Barnett for organizing the supplies and evaluating samples, and Matt Tignor for analyzing all of the water sensitive paper samples and summarizing the results. The authors are also very appreciative of the support of USDA-ARS, MWA statistician Deb Palmquist for performing the statistical analysis of the results. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 28 IS 3 BP 325 EP 331 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 969EM UT WOS:000306038500003 ER PT J AU Evans, RG Iversen, WM Kim, Y AF Evans, R. G. Iversen, W. M. Kim, Y. TI INTEGRATED DECISION SUPPORT, SENSOR NETWORKS, AND ADAPTIVE CONTROL FOR WIRELESS SITE-SPECIFIC SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Decision support; Water management; Automation; Adaptive control systems; Irrigation controls; Sprinkler irrigation; Wireless networks; Sensors ID SYSTEM; LEPA; UNIFORMITY; WATER; FIELD; MANAGEMENT AB The development of site-specific water management systems for sprinkler irrigation will be a major factor in. future efforts to improve the various efficiencies of water-use and to support a sustainable irrigated environment. The challenge is to develop fully integrated management systems with supporting elements that accurately and inexpensively sense within-field variability and then optimally control variable-rate water application systems in ways that account for the spatial variability affecting water use. Recent advances in sensor and wireless radio frequency (RF) technologies have enabled the development of distributed in-field sensor-based irrigation systems to support site-specific irrigation management. Thus, integration of a decision-making process with a distributed wireless sensor network (WSN) and providing real-time input to site-specific controls is a viable option. This presentation reviews research on the implementation of in-field micrometeorological information that was fed from a distributed wireless sensor network (WSN) and displayed on a geo-referenced field map in a computer base station. Low-cost Bluetooth wireless RE communications from both a distributed WSN and the machine controls monitoring of sprinkler status and global positioning system (GPS) location were interfaced with a computer base station for processing by a decision support program, which updated the instructions to the variable rate irrigation controller for real-time site-specific control. The decision support was optimized to adapt changes of crop type, irrigation pattern, and field location for instructions for individual sprinkler heads' on how much water to apply and where. A graphical user interface (GUI) with a simple click-and-play menu was used, which allowed growers to remotely access field conditions and irrigation status at the home or office via wireless RF communications. C1 [Evans, R. G.; Iversen, W. M.] ARS, USDA, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Kim, Y.] Purdue Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Evans, RG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM Robert.Evans@ars.usda.gov NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 28 IS 3 BP 377 EP 387 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 969EM UT WOS:000306038500009 ER PT J AU Kranz, WL Evans, RG Lamm, FR O'Shaughnessy, SA Peters, RT AF Kranz, W. L. Evans, R. G. Lamm, F. R. O'Shaughnessy, S. A. Peters, R. T. TI A REVIEW OF MECHANICAL MOVE SPRINKLER IRRIGATION CONTROL AND AUTOMATION TECHNOLOGIES SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Center pivot sprinkler; Distributed sensor networks; Site-specific irrigation; Variable rate irrigation; Wireless communication ID WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS; SYSTEM; FIELD; MANAGEMENT AB Electronic sensors, equipment controls, and communication protocols have been developed to meet the growing interest in using center pivot and lateral move irrigation systems to deliver different irrigation depths to management zones based on previous production levels, soil texture, or topography. Onboard and field-distributed sensors can collect data necessary for real-time irrigation management decisions and transmit the information directly or through wireless networks to the main control panel or base computer Equipment controls necessary to alter water application depth to meet the management criteria for relatively small management zones are now commercially available from irrigation system manufacturers and after-market suppliers. Communication systems such as cell phones, satellite radios, and internet-based systems are also available and allow the operator to query the main control panel or base computer from any location at any time. Selection of the communications system for remote access depends on local and regional topography and cost relative to other methods. Recent developments in the center pivot sprinkler industry have led to contractual relationships between after-market suppliers and irrigation system manufacturers that should support further development of technologies necessary to improve the management of water, nutrient and pesticide applications. Although the primary focus of this article is center pivot sprinkler irrigation, much of the discussion could also apply to lateral move sprinkler irrigation systems. C1 [Kranz, W. L.] Univ Nebraska, Concord, NE 68728 USA. [Evans, R. G.] ARS, USDA, Sidney, MT USA. [Lamm, F. R.] Kansas State Univ, Colby, KS USA. [O'Shaughnessy, S. A.] ARS, USDA, Bushland, TX USA. [Peters, R. T.] Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA USA. RP Kranz, WL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, 57905 866 Rd, Concord, NE 68728 USA. EM wkranzl@unl.edu NR 53 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 28 IS 3 BP 389 EP 397 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 969EM UT WOS:000306038500010 ER PT J AU Spiehs, MJ Miller, DN Woodbury, BL Eigenberg, RA Varel, VH Parker, DB AF Spiehs, M. J. Miller, D. N. Woodbury, B. L. Eigenberg, R. A. Varel, V. H. Parker, D. B. TI EFFECT OF FEEDING WET DISTILLERS GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES TO BEEF CATTLE ON AIR AND MANURE QUALITY SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Ammonia; Beef; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Volatile organic compounds; Wet distillers grains with solubles; WDGS ID AMMONIA EMISSIONS; ODOROUS COMPOUNDS; ODORANT PRODUCTION; LIVESTOCK WASTE; IN-VITRO; ORIGIN; ACCUMULATION; COMPONENTS; PATHOGENS; EFFLUENT AB Air quality is becoming a pressing issue for beef feedlot producers. Feeding practices influence the excretion of starch, fiber, nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) in manure, thereby affecting nutrient content and the production of ammonia (NH3) and odorous compounds. Wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) are a common and economical ingredient in feedlot diets. WDGS are high in protein, fiber, phosphorus (P), and S but low in starch. The objective of this study was to compare NH3 concentration in the air and nutrients and volatile organic compounds (VOC) concentration in manure between two dietary treatments fed to feedlot cattle. Five pens of feedlot cattle were fed diets containing 14% to 35% WDGS and five pens were fed a corn-based diet with no ethanol byproducts (Control). Each pen had twelve sampling locations (N = 120) where air and manure samples were collected from the feedlot surface. Air samples were analyzed for NH3 concentration. Manure samples were analyzed for dry matter, pH, volatile solids, VOC, and nutrient composition (N, P, and S). Concentrations of P and S in manure and NH3 in the air were higher in pens fed WDGS compared to pens fed the control diet. Concentrations of VOC were similar across both treatments. C1 [Spiehs, M. J.; Woodbury, B. L.; Eigenberg, R. A.; Varel, V. H.; Parker, D. B.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Miller, D. N.] ARS, USDA, AgroEcocyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Spiehs, MJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM mindy.spiehs@ars.usda.gov OI Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 28 IS 3 BP 423 EP 430 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 969EM UT WOS:000306038500014 ER PT J AU Spiehs, MJ Whitney, MH Shurson, GC Nicolai, RE Flores, JAR Parker, DB AF Spiehs, M. J. Whitney, M. H. Shurson, G. C. Nicolai, R. E. Renteria Flores, J. A. Parker, D. B. TI ODOR AND GAS EMISSIONS AND NUTRIENT EXCRETION FROM PIGS FED DIETS CONTAINING DRIED DISTILLERS GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Ammonia; Dried distillers grains with solubles; Nitrogen; Odor; Pigs; Phosphorus; Total reduced sulfur ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; GROWING-FINISHING PIGS; AMMONIA EMISSION; NITROGEN-EXCRETION; MANURE COMPOSITION; CRUDE PROTEIN; SWINE; ENERGY; SLURRY; COMPONENTS AB Corn dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), a by-product of the ethanol industry, has become a common feed ingredient for growing pigs. The nutrient composition of DDGS may contribute to the production of odorous compounds from manure of pigs fed diets containing DDGS due to the concentration of nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and fiber. A 10-week trial was conducted to determine odor and gas characteristics of swine manure, and N and phosphorus (P) balance of growing-finishing pigs fed diets with and without 20% DDGS. Urine and feces from growing-finishing pigs were collected daily, mixed, and emptied into simulated deep pits (SDP) according to respective dietary treatment. Manure accumulated in the SDP during the 10-week study. Air samples were collected weekly from the headspace above each SDP and analyzed for total reduced sulfur (TRS) and ammonia (NH3). Air samples collected during week 0, 2, 5, and 8 were also analyzed for odor concentration using dynamic forced-choice olfactometery with human odor panelists. The head-space concentration of odor, TRS, and NH3 increased during the 10-week duration of the study. Dietary treatment had no effect on TRS or NH3 emissions, or odor concentration (P >= 0.17) over the 10-week trial. Total P excretion was not affected by dietary treatment, but adding 20% DDGS to the diet increased N excretion. C1 [Spiehs, M. J.; Parker, D. B.] ARS, USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Whitney, M. H.] Univ Minnesota Extens, Mankato, MN USA. [Shurson, G. C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Nicolai, R. E.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Renteria Flores, J. A.] Inst Nacl Invest Forestales Agr & Pecuarias, Coyoacan, DF, Mexico. RP Spiehs, MJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Mindy.Spiehs@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 28 IS 3 BP 431 EP 437 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 969EM UT WOS:000306038500015 ER PT J AU Chanthai, S Prachakoll, S Ruangviriyachai, C Luthria, DL AF Chanthai, Saksit Prachakoll, Sujitra Ruangviriyachai, Chalerm Luthria, Devanand L. TI Influence of Extraction Methodologies on the Analysis of Five Major Volatile Aromatic Compounds of Citronella Grass (Cymbopogon nardus) and Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Grown in Thailand SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; PETROSELINUM-CRISPUM FLAKES; ESSENTIAL OIL; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; SPRENG. POACEAE; HYDRODISTILLATION; DISTILLATION AB This paper deals with the systematic comparison of extraction of major volatile aromatic compounds (VACs) of citronella grass and lemongrass by classical microhydrodistillation (MHD), as well as modern accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). Sixteen VACs were identified by GC/MS. GC-flame ionization detection was used for the quantification of five VACs (citronella!, citronellol, geraniol, citral, and eugenol) to compare the extraction efficiency of the two different methods. Linear range, LOD, and LOQ were calculated for the five VACs. Intraday and interday precisions for the analysis of VACs were determined for each sample. The extraction recovery, as calculated by a spiking experiment with known standards of VACs, by ASE and MHD ranged from 64.9 to 91.2% and 74.3 to 95.2%, respectively. The extraction efficiency of the VACs was compared for three solvents of varying polarities (hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol), seven different temperatures (ranging from 40 to 160 degrees C, with a gradual increment of 20 degrees C), five time periods (from 1 to 10 min), and three cycles (1, 2, and 3 repeated extractions). Optimum extraction yields of VACs were obtained when extractions were carried out for 7 min with dichloromethane and two extraction cycles at 120 degrees C. The results showed that the ASE technique is more efficient than MHD, as it results in improved yields and significant reduction in extraction time with automated extraction capabilities. C1 [Luthria, Devanand L.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Chanthai, Saksit; Prachakoll, Sujitra; Ruangviriyachai, Chalerm] Khon Kaen Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. [Chanthai, Saksit; Prachakoll, Sujitra; Ruangviriyachai, Chalerm] Ctr Innovat Chem, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. RP Luthria, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Bldg 161,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM D.Luthria@ars.usda.gov FU Center for Innovation in Chemistry; Hitachi Scholarship Foundation (Tokyo, Japan) FX We gratefully acknowledge the Center for Innovation in Chemistry and the Hitachi Scholarship Foundation (Tokyo, Japan) for financial support. We also thank Stephanie Rodrigues for her help in preparation of this manuscript. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 22 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 95 IS 3 BP 763 EP 772 DI 10.5740/jaoacint.11-335 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 960CW UT WOS:000305366600023 PM 22816268 ER PT J AU Sheng, YY Luan, FS Zhang, FX Davis, AR AF Sheng, Yunyan Luan, Feishi Zhang, Faxing Davis, Angela R. TI Genetic Diversity within Chinese Watermelon Ecotypes Compared with Germplasm from Other Countries SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Citrullus lanatus; genetic relationship; molecular markers; SSR; morphological traits ID CITRULLUS-LANATUS; RAPD; MARKERS AB Genetic diversity among 95 watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) ecotypes was evaluated and compared with representative Chinese, American, Japanese, and Russian watermelon cultigens, landraces, and a wild watermelon relative (Trichosanthes kirilowii).Open-pollinated, hybrid, and inbred lines were included for most of the ecotypes and are hereafter collectively referred to as cultigens unless an ecotype group is being discussed. Morphological characteristics (including days to flower, female to male flower ratio, branch number, fruit length and diameter ratio, fruit soluble solid content, fruit yield, and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to estimate genetic diversity. Of 398 watermelon primer pairs tested, 9.5% (38) produced polymerase chain reaction amplicons in watermelon. Of these 38 primer pairs, the average number of polymorphic bands among the 96 cultigens was 2.4, even with 12 primer pairs demonstrating monomorphic banding patterns. Based on the SSR data, the genetic similarity coefficients were calculated and a dendrogram constructed. All cultigens were clustered to six groups. The wild species and landraces formed distant clusters from the cultivated watermelon. The genetic similarity coefficients within the Chinese cultigens ranged from 0.37 to 0.99, but except for a wild relative to watermelon, most cultigens were closely related. The genetic distance among non-Chinese cultigens ranged from 0.67 to 0.91 with an average of 0.88. When combined morphological traits and molecular traits were assessed, Russian and U.S. fruit were more genetically similar to each other than to Chinese and Japanese cultigens. Crossing Russian and/or U.S. cultigens with Chinese or Japanese cultigens should thus improve genetic diversity and introduce new traits for the resulting watermelon cultigens. C1 [Sheng, Yunyan; Luan, Feishi; Zhang, Faxing] NE Agr Univ, Hort Coll, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang Pr, Peoples R China. [Sheng, Yunyan] Heilongjiang Bayi Agr Univ, Coll Agr, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Pr, Peoples R China. [Davis, Angela R.] Harris Moran Seed Co, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Davis, Angela R.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Luan, FS (reprint author), NE Agr Univ, Hort Coll, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang Pr, Peoples R China. EM luanfeishi@sina.com FU China Agriculture Research system [CARS-26-02]; 948 Project of the China Agriculture Ministry [2012-S17]; Postdoctoral Research Foundation of Heilongjiang Province [LBH-Z10267]; Scientific Research Fund of Heilongjiang Provincial Education Department [11551319] FX This work was supported by the China Agriculture Research system (CARS-26-02), 948 Project of the China Agriculture Ministry (2012-S17), Postdoctoral Research Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (LBH-Z10267), and the Scientific Research Fund of Heilongjiang Provincial Education Department (11551319). NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 137 IS 3 BP 144 EP 151 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 969AC UT WOS:000306027100003 ER PT J AU Wadl, PA Trigiano, RN Werner, DJ Pooler, MR Rinehart, TA AF Wadl, Phillip A. Trigiano, Robert N. Werner, Dennis J. Pooler, Margaret R. Rinehart, Timothy A. TI Simple Sequence Repeat Markers from Cercis canadensis Show Wide Cross-species Transfer and Use in Genetic Studies SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE microsatellites; redbud; SSR; woody ornamental tree ID MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; DNA-SEQUENCES; NUCLEAR; FABACEAE; RECONSTRUCTION; BIOGEOGRAPHY; REDBUDS; ERROR; L. AB There are 11 recognized Cercis L. species, but identification is problematic using morphological characters, which are largely quantitative and continuous. Previous studies have combined morphological and molecular data to resolve taxonomic questions about geographic distribution of Cercis species, identifying botanical varieties, and associations between morphological variation and the environment. Three species have been used in ornamental plant breeding in the United States, including three botanical varieties of C. canadensis L. from North America and two Asian species, C. chingii Chun and C. chinensis Bunge. In this article, 51 taxa were sampled comprising eight species of Cercis and a closely related species, Bauhinia faberi Oliv. Sixty-eight polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers were used to assess genetic relationships between species and cultivars. For all samples the number of alleles detected ranged from two to 20 and 10 or more alleles were detected at 22 loci. Average polymorphic information content was 0.57 and values ranged from 0.06 to 0.91 with 44 loci 0.50 or greater. Cross-species transfer within Cercis was extremely high with 55 loci that amplified at 100%. Results support previously reported phylogenetic relationships of the North American and western Eurasian species and indicate suitability of these markers for mapping studies involving C. canadensis and C. chinensis. Results also support known pedigrees from ornamental tree breeding programs for the widely cultivated C. canadensis and C. chinensis species, which comprised the majority of the samples analyzed. C1 [Wadl, Phillip A.; Trigiano, Robert N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Werner, Dennis J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Pooler, Margaret R.] USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Rinehart, Timothy A.] USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Wadl, PA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr,205 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM pwadl@utk.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-6404-7-213] FX This work was supported by U.S. Department of Agriculture Grant #58-6404-7-213. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the University of Tennessee, North Carolina State University, or U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 137 IS 3 BP 189 EP 201 PG 13 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 969AC UT WOS:000306027100008 ER PT J AU Effland, A AF Effland, Anne TI Taking America to Lunch SO PUBLIC HISTORIAN LA English DT Art Exhibit Review C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Effland, A (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS & DIGITAL PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0272-3433 J9 PUBL HISTORIAN JI Public Hist. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 34 IS 2 BP 103 EP 107 PG 5 WC History SC History GA 965PE UT WOS:000305778900012 ER PT J AU Effland, A AF Effland, Anne TI Sweet and Sour SO PUBLIC HISTORIAN LA English DT Art Exhibit Review C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Effland, A (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS & DIGITAL PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0272-3433 J9 PUBL HISTORIAN JI Public Hist. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 34 IS 2 BP 103 EP 107 PG 5 WC History SC History GA 965PE UT WOS:000305778900011 ER PT J AU Effland, A AF Effland, Anne TI Stars and Stripes Cafe SO PUBLIC HISTORIAN LA English DT Art Exhibit Review C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Effland, A (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS & DIGITAL PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0272-3433 J9 PUBL HISTORIAN JI Public Hist. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 34 IS 2 BP 103 EP 107 PG 5 WC History SC History GA 965PE UT WOS:000305778900013 ER PT J AU Vallet, JL Miles, JR AF Vallet, J. L. Miles, J. R. TI Comparison of myelination between large and small pig fetuses during late gestation SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cerebellum; Myelin; Pregnancy ID INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION; FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; BASIC-PROTEIN; MOLECULAR-CLONING; NEWBORN PIGLETS; DOMESTIC PIG; BRAIN; TISSUE; ETHANOLAMINE; CEREBELLUM AB We compared myelination of the cerebellum, brain stem, and spinal cord in the largest and smallest pig fetuses within a litter during late gestation. Gilts were killed on Days 92, 100, and 110 of gestation and these neural tissues were obtained from the largest and smallest fetuses in each litter. Myelin basic protein (MBP) mRNA was quantified in each tissue using real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR). Myelin was recovered from each tissue and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to measure MBP and lipids, respectively. MBP mRNA increased with advancing gestation in all three tissues examined (P <= 0.05) and was less in brain stem of small piglets compared to large piglets (P < 0.01). Two coomassie stained protein bands (HMBP and LMBP) were observed by SDS-PAGE. Six prominent lipid bands were obtained by TLC (cholesterol, hydroxy(h)-cerebroside, nonhydroxy(nh)-cerebroside, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin). Significant day by fetal size interactions for cerebellar MBP and lipids indicated that cerebellar myelination in the smallest fetuses was less compared to the largest fetuses on Days 100 and 110 of gestation. Myelin MBP and lipid obtained from brain stem increased with advancing gestation and LMBP and lipids were less in small piglets compared to large piglets. In contrast, myelination in spinal cord increased with day of gestation but was not different between smallest and largest fetuses. These results confirm that myelination of the cerebellum and brain stem, but not spinal cord, is reduced in small fetuses during late gestation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Vallet, J. L.; Miles, J. R.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Vallet, JL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM jeff.vallet@ars.usda.gov; jeremy.miles@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 132 IS 1-2 BP 50 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.04.004 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 964BV UT WOS:000305669600007 PM 22554792 ER PT J AU Kurtzman, CP AF Kurtzman, Cletus P. TI Citeromyces hawaiiensis sp nov., an ascosporic yeast associated with Myoporum sandwicense SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Citeromyces hawaiiensis sp. nov. (NRRL Y-11581(T) =CBS 12303(T), type strain) is described from 12 strains isolated from flux of the sandalwood (Myoporum sandwicense) and adjacent soil in Hawaii, USA. Analyses of gene sequences from the D1/D2 domains of nuclear large subunit rRNA, internal transcribed spacer (ITS), mitochondrial small-subunit rRNA and translation elongation factor-1 alpha each separated the proposed novel species from Citeromyces matritensis and Citeromyces siamensis, the other known species of the genus Citeromyces. The three species are morphologically similar but they can be separated by growth reactions in standard assimilation tests. An additional strain of Citeromyces siamensis (NRRL Y-11788), a species previously known only from Thailand, was obtained from spoiled condensed milk in Ohio, USA. C1 ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. RP Kurtzman, CP (reprint author), ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. EM cletus.kurtzman@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 62 BP 1215 EP 1219 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.035360-0 PN 5 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 960DI UT WOS:000305367800033 PM 21828013 ER PT J AU Jurick, WM Vico, I Gaskins, VL Whitaker, BD Garrett, WM Janisiewicz, WJ Conway, WS AF Jurick, Wayne M., III Vico, Ivana Gaskins, Verneta L. Whitaker, Bruce D. Garrett, Wesley M. Janisiewicz, Wojciech J. Conway, William S. TI Penicillium solitum produces a polygalacturonase isozyme in decayed Anjou pear fruit capable of macerating host tissue in vitro SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE blue mold; enzymology; polyuronides; purification; rot ID APPLE FRUIT; CELL-WALL; PURIFICATION; ENDOPOLYGALACTURONASE; EXPANSUM AB A polygalacturonase (PG) isozyme was isolated from Penicillium solitum-decayed Anjou pear fruit and purified to homogeneity with a multistep process. Both gel filtration and cation exchange chromatography revealed a single PG activity peak, and analysis of the purified protein showed a single band with a molecular mass of 43 kDa, which is of fungal origin. The purified enzyme was active from pH 3.5-6, with an optimum at pH 4.5. PG activity was detectable 0-70 C with 50 C maximum. The purified isozyme was inhibited by the divalent cations Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+ and Fe2+ and analysis of enzymatic hydrolysis products revealed polygalacturonic acid monomers and oligomers. The purified enzyme has an isoelectric point of 5.3 and is not associated with a glycosylated protein. The PG isozyme macerated fruit tissue plugs in vitro and produced similar to 1.2-fold more soluble polyuronides from pear than from apple tissue, which further substantiates the role of PG in postharvest decay. Data from this study show for the first time that the purified PG produced in decayed Anjou pear by P. solitum, a weakly virulent fungus, is different from that PG produced by the same fungus in decayed apple. C1 [Jurick, Wayne M., III; Vico, Ivana; Gaskins, Verneta L.; Whitaker, Bruce D.] USDA ARS, Food Qual Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Garrett, Wesley M.] USDA ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Janisiewicz, Wojciech J.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Conway, William S.] USDA ARS, Food Qual Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jurick, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Qual Lab, BARC W, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wayne.jurick@ars.usda.gov FU USDA [1275-42430-008-00D] FX This work was supported by USDA project 1275-42430-008-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in the publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 EI 1557-2536 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 104 IS 3 BP 604 EP 612 DI 10.3852/11-119 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 961VO UT WOS:000305497800002 PM 22241612 ER PT J AU Trigiano, RN Wadl, PA Dean, D Hadziabdic, D Scheffler, BE Runge, F Telle, S Thines, M Ristaino, J Spring, O AF Trigiano, Robert N. Wadl, Phillip A. Dean, Deborah Hadziabdic, Denita Scheffler, Brian E. Runge, Fabian Telle, Sabine Thines, Marco Ristaino, Jean Spring, Otmar TI Ten polymorphic microsatellite loci identified from a small insert genomic library for Peronospora tabacina SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE blue mold; downy mildew; genetic diversity; Oomycete; Peronosporales; plant disease; simple sequence repeats; SSRs; tobacco ID TOBACCO BLUE MOLD; SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS; GRAPEVINE DOWNY MILDEW; PLASMOPARA-VITICOLA; PSEUDOPERONOSPORA-CUBENSIS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; CORNUS-FLORIDA; PCR; SENSITIVITY; PATHOGEN AB Ten polymorphic microsatellite loci for the obligate biotrophic, oomycete pathogen of tobacco, Peronospora tabacina, were identified from a small insert genomic library enriched for GT motifs. Eighty-five percent of the 162 loci identified were composed of dinucleotide repeats, whereas only 4% and 11% were tri- and tetra-nucleotide repeats respectively. About 82% of all the microsatellites were perfect and within the library; only about 7% of the loci were duplicated. Primers were designed for 63 loci; 10 loci were polymorphic, 19 were monomorphic and 34 either failed to amplify or produced ambiguous/inconsistent results. The 10 polymorphic loci were characterized with 44 isolates of P. tabacina collected from tobacco plants growing in Europe, the Near East and North and South America. The number of alleles per locus was either three or four with a mean of 3.2, and the mean number of genotypes per locus was 3.6. Observed heterozygosity was 0.32-0.95, whereas expected heterozygosity was 0.44-0.69 for these loci. All loci except PT054 did not conform to the Hardy-Weinberg distribution. Polymorphic information content (PIC) for the loci was 0.35-0.69 with a mean of 0.50. These microsatellite loci provide a set of markers sufficient to perform genetic diversity and population studies of P. tabacina, and possibly other species of Peronospora. C1 [Trigiano, Robert N.; Wadl, Phillip A.; Dean, Deborah; Hadziabdic, Denita] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Scheffler, Brian E.] USDA ARS, Genom & Bioinformat Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Runge, Fabian; Spring, Otmar] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Bot 210, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. [Telle, Sabine; Thines, Marco] Senckenberg Gesell Nat Forsch, Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr BiK F, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Thines, Marco] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Dept Life Sci, Inst Ecol Evolut & Div, D-60323 Frankfurt, Germany. [Ristaino, Jean] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27650 USA. RP Trigiano, RN (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM rtrigian@utk.edu OI Ristaino, Jean/0000-0002-9458-0514; Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU US Department of Agriculture [58-6404-7-213]; LOEWE (Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-okonomischer Exzellenz) of Hessen's Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and the Arts; Ministry of Science and Education of Baden-Wurttemberg FX This study was supported by the US Department of Agriculture grant No. 58-6404-7-213. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not. imply recommendation or endorsement by the University of Tennessee or the United States Department of Agriculture. MT and ST are supported by the research program LOEWE (Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-okonomischer Exzellenz) of Hessen's Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and the Arts. FR is supported by a fellowship from the Ministry of Science and Education of Baden-Wurttemberg. We gratefully acknowledge support to O.S. from the European Association for Tobacco Research and Experimentation (AERET) in sampling P. tabacina field isolates from Europe and Near East. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 104 IS 3 BP 633 EP 640 DI 10.3852/11-288 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 961VO UT WOS:000305497800005 PM 22241615 ER PT J AU Soares, C Rodrigues, P Peterson, SW Lima, N Venancio, A AF Soares, Celia Rodrigues, Paula Peterson, Stephen W. Lima, Nelson Venancio, Armando TI Three new species of Aspergillus section Flavi isolated from almonds and maize in Portugal SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE aflatoxins; Aspergillus chungii; A. mottae; A. sergii; A. transmontanensis; cyclopiazonic acid; multilocus sequence analysis ID CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID; AFLATOXIN; IDENTIFICATION; PARASITICUS; MYCOTOXINS; INFERENCE; MRBAYES; GENES; FUNGI AB Three new aflatoxin-producing species belonging to Aspergillus section Flavi are described. They are Aspergillus mottae, A. sergii and A. transmontanensis. These species were isolated from Portuguese almonds and maize. An investigation examined morphology, extrolite production and DNA sequence data to characterize these isolates and describe the new species. Phylogenetic analysis showed that A. transmontanensis and A. sergii form a clade with A. parasiticus whereas A. mottae shares a most recent common ancestor with the combined A. flavus and A. parasiticus clade. C1 [Soares, Celia; Rodrigues, Paula; Lima, Nelson; Venancio, Armando] Univ Minho, Ctr Biol Engn, Inst Biotechnol & Bioengn, P-4710057 Braga, Portugal. [Rodrigues, Paula] CIMO Escola Super Agr Braganca, P-5301855 Braganca, Portugal. [Peterson, Stephen W.] USDA, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Venancio, A (reprint author), Univ Minho, Ctr Biol Engn, Inst Biotechnol & Bioengn, Campus Gualtar, P-4710057 Braga, Portugal. EM avenan@deb.uminho.pt RI Venancio, Armando/B-6085-2009; Lima, Nelson/D-3651-2009; Soares, Celia/O-5740-2015; OI Venancio, Armando/0000-0002-0723-6134; Lima, Nelson/0000-0003-2185-0613; Soares, Celia/0000-0001-9093-7355; Rodrigues, Paula/0000-0002-3789-2730 FU Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia [SFRH/BD/37264/2007, SFRH/PROTEC/49555/2009] FX The authors appreciate the Latin translation of the diagnoses by Dr Walter Gams. The mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Celia Soares and Paula Rodrigues were supported by grants from Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (references SFRH/BD/37264/2007 and SFRH/PROTEC/49555/2009 respectively). NR 41 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 13 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 EI 1557-2536 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 104 IS 3 BP 682 EP 697 DI 10.3852/11-088 PG 16 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 961VO UT WOS:000305497800009 PM 22123651 ER PT J AU Aoki, T Scandiani, MM O'Donnell, K AF Aoki, Takayuki Mercedes Scandiani, Maria O'Donnell, Kerry TI Phenotypic, molecular phylogenetic, and pathogenetic characterization of Fusarium crassistipitatum sp nov., a novel soybean sudden death syndrome pathogen from Argentina and Brazil SO MYCOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; Pathogenicity; Phylogeny; SDS; Taxonomy ID SOLANI SPECIES COMPLEX; DNA-SEQUENCE DATABASE; F-SP GLYCINES; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; TUCUMANIAE; VIRGULIFORME; RECOGNITION; DIFFERENTIATION; GRAMINEARUM AB A novel soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS) pathogen from Argentina and Brazil is formally described herein as Fusarium crassistipitatum based on detailed phenotypic analyses of macro-and microscopic characters and phylogenetic analyses of multilocus DNA sequence data. Fusarium crassistipitatum can be distinguished from the other soybean SDS and bean (Phaseolus/Vigna) root rot pathogens (BRR) phenotypically by the production of yellowish colonies on PDA; and tall, stout, and mostly unbranched conidiophores with a thick-walled base, which form multiseptate conidia apically. Phylogenetic species recognition based on genealogical concordance of a six-gene dataset strongly supported the reciprocal monophyly of F. crassistipitatum with respect to the other SDS and BRR pathogens. Isolates of F. crassistipitatum were able to induce typical SDS foliar and root rot symptoms on soybean that were indistinguishable from those caused by three other SDS pathogens (i.e., F. virguliforme, F. brasiliense, and F. tucumaniae) on susceptible cultivars A-6445RG and N-4613RG in a pathogenicity experiment. C1 [Aoki, Takayuki] Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Genet Resources Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. [Mercedes Scandiani, Maria] Lab Agr Rio Parana, RA-2930 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [O'Donnell, Kerry] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Aoki, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Genet Resources Ctr, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. EM taoki@nias.affrc.go.jp NR 35 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1340-3540 J9 MYCOSCIENCE JI Mycoscience PD MAY PY 2012 VL 53 IS 3 BP 167 EP 186 DI 10.1007/s10267-011-0150-3 PG 20 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 962PI UT WOS:000305557000001 ER PT J AU Lin, AHM Nichols, BL Quezada-Calvillo, R Avery, SE Sim, L Rose, DR Naim, HY Hamaker, BR AF Lin, Amy Hui-Mei Nichols, Buford L. Quezada-Calvillo, Roberto Avery, Stephen E. Sim, Lyann Rose, David R. Naim, Hassan Y. Hamaker, Bruce R. TI Unexpected High Digestion Rate of Cooked Starch by the Ct-Maltase-Glucoamylase Small Intestine Mucosal alpha-Glucosidase Subunit SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HEREDITARY DISACCHARIDE INTOLERANCE; ENZYME-RESISTANT STARCH; SUCRASE-ISOMALTASE; SUBSITE AFFINITIES; SUBSTRATE BRAKE; DIETARY FIBER; FOODS; SPECIFICITY; HYDROLYSIS; CLASSIFICATION AB For starch digestion to glucose, two luminal alpha-amylases and four gut mucosal alpha-glucosidase subunits are employed. The aim of this research was to investigate, for the first time, direct digestion capability of individual mucosal alpha-glucosidases on cooked (gelatinized) starch. Gelatinized normal maize starch was digested with N- and C-terminal subunits of recombinant mammalian maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) and sucrase-isomaltase (SI) of varying amounts and digestion periods. Without the aid of alpha-amylase, Ct-MGAM demonstrated an unexpected rapid and high digestion degree near 80%, while other subunits showed 20 to 30% digestion. These findings suggest that Ct-MGAM assists alpha-amylase in digesting starch molecules and potentially may compensate for developmental or pathological amylase deficiencies. C1 [Lin, Amy Hui-Mei; Hamaker, Bruce R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Food Sci, Whistler Ctr Carbohydrate Res, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Nichols, Buford L.; Quezada-Calvillo, Roberto; Avery, Stephen E.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Sim, Lyann] Univ Toronto, Ontario Canc Inst, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Sim, Lyann] Univ Toronto, Dept Med Biophys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Rose, David R.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Naim, Hassan Y.] Univ Vet Med Hannover, Inst Physiol Chem, Hannover, Germany. RP Lin, AHM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Food Sci, Whistler Ctr Carbohydrate Res, Smith Hall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hamakerb@purdue.edu FU internal sources from the Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research at Purdue University (West Lafayette, IN, U.S.A.); USDA, Agricultural Research Service, under Cooperative Agreement [58-6250-1-003] FX This study was supported by internal sources from the Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research at Purdue University (West Lafayette, IN, U.S.A.) and, for one collaborator (BLN), USDA, Agricultural Research Service, under Cooperative Agreement no. 58-6250-1-003. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 23 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e35473 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0035473 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959UN UT WOS:000305340700011 PM 22563462 ER PT J AU Campbell, JL Kennedy, RE Cohen, WB Miller, RF AF Campbell, John L. Kennedy, Robert E. Cohen, Warren B. Miller, Richard F. TI Assessing the Carbon Consequences of Western Juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) Encroachment Across Oregon, USA SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biomass; crown cover; Landsat; reflectance; remote sensing ID LAND-USE CHANGE; FOREST DISTURBANCE; SATELLITE IMAGERY; DETECTING TRENDS; UNITED-STATES; COVER; EXPANSION; GRASSLAND; VARIABLES; WOODLAND AB Our ability to assess the continental impacts of woody encroachment remains compromised by the paucity of studies quantifying regional encroachment rates. This knowledge gap is especially apparent when it comes to quantifying the impact of woody encroachment on large-scale carbon dynamics. In this study, we use a combination of aerial photography from 1985-1986 and 2005 and near-annual Landsat satellite imagery over the same period to assess the rates of encroachment by western juniper, Juniperus occidentalis Hook., into the grasslands and shrublands of eastern Oregon. The approximately 20-yr Landsat reflectance trajectories identified for the juniper woodlands of eastern Oregon did not correlate well with changes in juniper crown cover over the same period, suggesting that systematic trends in reflectance are being driven by vegetation other than juniper. Using a random sample of 150 aerial photography plots, we estimate the average aboveground accumulation of carbon in undisturbed juniper woodlands to be 2.9 kg C.m(-2).yr(-1); about 0.20 Tg C.yr(-1) across all of Oregon. However, juniper removal by cutting and or burning, occurring at a rate of < 1% yr(-1), counteracted regional encroachment by about 35%, bringing the net change in aboveground carbon down to 1.9 kg C.m(-2).yr(-1), about 0.13 Tg C.yr(-1) across all of Oregon. This study illustrates the capacity of woody removal, over very small areas, to offset encroachment over very large areas and cautions against scaling site-level encroachment studies over entire regions. C1 [Campbell, John L.; Kennedy, Robert E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Cohen, Warren B.] USDA Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Miller, Richard F.] Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Campbell, JL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM john.campbell@oregonstate.edu FU NASA Office of Earth Science; US Forest Service; Ecosystems Program FX Research was funded in part by support from NASA Office of Earth Science, Ecosystems Program and the US Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, in support of the North American Carbon Program (NACP) through their project titled "Role of North American Forest Disturbance and Regrowth in NACP: Integrated Analysis of Landsat and US Forest Service FIA Data-Phase 2." NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 17 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 65 IS 3 BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.2111/REM-D-11-00012.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 957YV UT WOS:000305203900002 ER PT J AU Madsen, MD Kostka, SJ Inouye, AL Zvirzdin, DL AF Madsen, Matthew D. Kostka, Stanley J. Inouye, Aaron L. Zvirzdin, Daniel L. TI Postfire Restoration of Soil Hydrology and Wildland Vegetation Using Surfactant Seed Coating Technology SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE pinyon-juniper; reseeding; revegetation; water-repellency; wetting agent; wildfire ID WATER REPELLENCY; HYDROPHOBIC SUBSTANCES; WETTING AGENTS; EROSION; ESTABLISHMENT; AMELIORATION; ENVIRONMENT; WHEATGRASS; FIRE AB In semiarid environments, soil water repellency can contribute to reseeding failure by reducing soil moisture availability. Nonionic soil surfactants (wetting agents) have been shown to be effective in enhancing infiltration and improving root-zone water reserves in water-repellent soils. However, the application of soil surfactants in wildland ecosystems can be logistically and economically prohibitive. In this study, we evaluated a potential solution for applying soil surfactants using seed coating technology. Through this technology, the seed is used as a carrier for the soil surfactant. After planting, water transfers the surfactant from the seed into the soil where it ameliorates the water repellency within the seed's microsite. The objectives of this research were 1) to establish the efficacy of a surfactant seed coating (SSC) in ameliorating soil water repellency, and 2) to determine the influence of SSC on seedling emergence and plant survival. To accomplish the first objective, detailed soil column experiments were conducted in the laboratory on water-repellent soil obtained from a burned pinyon-juniper (Pinus-Juniperus spp.) woodland. The second objective was met through greenhouse testing of SSC applied to crested wheatgrass and bluebunch wheatgrass seed, using the same soil as used in the first objective. Results indicate that SSC increased soil water infiltration, percolation, and retention. This technology had no influence on seedling emergence for crested wheatgrass, but SSC improved bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata [Pursh] A. Love) emergence threefold. Plant survival was dramatically improved by the SSC. Only 0.75% of the seedlings that grew from noncoated seed survived to the end of the study, whereas 37% of the plants survived in the SSC treatment. Overall, these results indicate that it may be plausible for SSC to improve postfire restoration efforts by restoring soil hydrologic function and increasing seedling emergence and early seedling development. C1 [Madsen, Matthew D.] USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Kostka, Stanley J.] Aquatrols Corp America, Paulsboro, NJ 08066 USA. [Zvirzdin, Daniel L.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84642 USA. RP Madsen, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM matthew.madsen@oregonstate.edu FU Utah Department of Food; USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture; USDA-ARS FX Funding for this research was provided by the Utah Department of Food "War on cheatgrass grant," USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture's Rangeland Research Program, and the USDA-ARS. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by USDA or the authors and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of the other products that also may be suitable. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 46 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 31 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 65 IS 3 BP 253 EP 259 DI 10.2111/REM-D-11-00083.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 957YV UT WOS:000305203900005 ER PT J AU Davies, KW Bates, JD Nafus, AM AF Davies, K. W. Bates, J. D. Nafus, A. M. TI Vegetation Response to Mowing Dense Mountain Big Sagebrush Stands SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE annual grass; Artemisia tridentate; brush management; disturbance; forage; range improvements ID SAGE-GROUSE HABITAT; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; BROMUS-TECTORUM; FIRE REGIMES; GRASS RANGE; GREAT-BASIN; SOIL-WATER; STEPPE; TEBUTHIURON AB A decrease in fire frequency and past grazing practices has led to dense mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. subsp. vaseyana [Rydb.] Beetle) stands with reduced herbaceous understories. To reverse this trend, sagebrush-reducing treatments often are applied with the goal of increasing herbaceous vegetation. Mechanical mowing is a sagebrush-reducing treatment that commonly is applied; however, information detailing vegetation responses to mowing treatments generally are lacking. Specifically, information is needed to determine whether projected increases in perennial grasses and forbs are realized and how exotic annual grasses respond to mowing treatments. To answer these questions, we evaluated vegetation responses to mowing treatments in mountain big sagebrush plant communities at eight sites. Mowing was implemented in the fall of 2007 and vegetation characteristics were measured for 3 yr post-treatment. In the first growing season post-treatment, there were few vegetation differences between the mowed treatment and untreated control (P > 0.05), other than sagebrush cover being reduced from 28% to 3% with mowing (P < 0.001). By the second growing season post-treatment, perennial grass, annual forb, and total herbaceous vegetation were generally greater in the mowed than control treatment (P < 0.05). Total herbaceous vegetation production was increased 1.7-fold and 1.5-fold with mowing in the second and third growing seasons, respectively (P < 0.001). However, not all plant functional groups increased with mowing. Perennial forbs and exotic annual grasses did not respond to the mowing treatment (P > 0.05). These results suggest that the abundance of sagebrush might not be the factor limiting some herbaceous plant functional groups, or they respond slowly to sagebrush-removing disturbances. However, this study suggests that mowing can be used to increase herbaceous vegetation and decrease sagebrush in some mountain big sagebrush plant communities without promoting exotic annual grass invasion. C1 [Davies, K. W.; Bates, J. D.] USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Nafus, A. M.] Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Davies, KW (reprint author), 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM kirk.davies@oregonstate.edu FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service; Oregon State University FX The authors thank the staff at Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge for their assistance with this project. Gail Collins, Marla Bennett, and Mike Gregg were especially helpful in locating the sites and providing logistical support. Field sampling and sample processing by summer technicians was appreciated. Reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript by Chad Boyd and Dustin Johnson were also greatly appreciated. The Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center is jointly funded by USDA-Agricultural Research Service and Oregon State University. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 26 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 65 IS 3 BP 268 EP 276 DI 10.2111/REM-D-11-00146.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 957YV UT WOS:000305203900007 ER PT J AU Kiszonas, AM Courtin, CM Morris, CF AF Kiszonas, Alecia M. Courtin, Christophe M. Morris, Craig F. TI A Critical Assessment of the Quantification of Wheat Grain Arabinoxylans Using a Phloroglucinol Colorimetric Assay SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID END-USE QUALITY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BREAD-MAKING; RAPID METHOD; SOFT WHEAT; FLOUR; PENTOSANS; POLYSACCHARIDES; FRACTIONS; PRODUCTS AB Arabinoxylans (AX) of wheat (Triticum. aestivum L.) play a critical role in processing, end-use quality, and human health and nutrition. Consequently, an efficient, accurate method of AX quantification is desirable. The objective of this work was to evaluate a standard phloroglucinol colorimetric method for quantification of wheat AX. The method is based on the formation and spectrophotometric quantification of a phloroglucide product that results from the reaction of furfural produced during the condensation of pentose sugars with phloroglucinol. Method parameters, including reaction reagents and reaction times, were varied to identify areas for improved accuracy and consistency. Phloroglucide formation at three xylose concentrations was examined over time. The optimal reaction reagents and reaction times were determined based upon improved consistency in xylose quantification. The optimized method was used on xylose and arabinose standards and on whole meal wheat samples for total and water-extractable AX content. Glucose was shown to be unnecessary in the reaction and was eliminated. A second-order polynomial equation provided a slightly better fit to the nearly linear standard xylose curve. A reduced concentration of phloroglucinol of 10% was found to give equivalent results to the standard 20%. Optimum reaction time was 25 min, and it required the inclusion of all reagents. The phloroglucide product decreased in absorbance over time such that, within the range of xylose concentration examined, about 40-50% of the colored product was lost over 100 min; however, the rate of loss was linear over time. Four operators performed the optimized method on whole wheat meal samples for total and water-extractable AX. Inter- and intraoperator variation was identified as an area requiring further study and improvement. However, all operators tended to rank the samples in a consistent manner. Compared with a gas chromatography flame ionization detection method, the phloroglucinol method underestimated total AX by about 2.3% and water-extractable AX by about 0.08%. C1 [Kiszonas, Alecia M.; Morris, Craig F.] Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Kiszonas, Alecia M.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Courtin, Christophe M.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Food Chem & Biochem, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Western Wheat Qual Lab, E-202 Food Quality Bldg, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM morrisc@wsu.edu RI Courtin, Christophe/Q-1916-2016 OI Courtin, Christophe/0000-0002-1203-9063 FU Agriculture and Food Research Initiative from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2009-02347] FX We would like to acknowledge the technical staff of the USDA-ARS Western Wheat Quality Laboratory. This project was supported by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Grant 2009-02347 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 89 IS 3 BP 143 EP 150 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-02-12-0016-R PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 957NM UT WOS:000305169700001 ER PT J AU Jondiko, TO Alviola, NJ Hays, DB Ibrahim, A Tilley, M Awika, JM AF Jondiko, Tom O. Alviola, Novie J. Hays, Dirk B. Ibrahim, Amir Tilley, Michael Awika, Joseph M. TI Effect of High-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Subunit Allelic Composition on Wheat Flour Tortilla Quality SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; PROTEIN-COMPOSITION; BIOCHEMICAL BASIS; VARIETIES; STARCH; LINES; QUANTITATION; LOCI AB Wheat cultivars possessing quality attributes needed to produce optimum quality tortillas have not been identified. This study investigated the effect of variations in high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits encoded at the Glu-1 loci (Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1) on dough properties and tortilla quality. Flour protein profiles, dough texture, and tortilla physical quality attributes were evaluated. Deletion at Glu-D1 resulted in reduced insoluble polymeric protein content of flour, reduced dough compression force, and large dough extensibility. These properties produced very large tortillas (181 mm diameter) compared with a control made with commercial tortilla wheat flour (161 mm). Presence of a 7 + 9 allelic pair at Glu-B1 increased dough strength (largest compression force, reduced extensibility, and small-diameter tortillas). Deletion at Glu-A1 produced large tortillas (173 mm) but with unacceptable flexibility during storage (score <3.0 at day 16). In general, presence of 2* at Glu-A1, in combination with 5 + 10 at Glu-D1, produced small-diameter tortillas that required large force to rupture (tough texture). Presence of 2 + 12 alleles instead of 5 + 10 at Glu-D1 produced tortillas with a good compromise between diameter (>165 mm) and flexibility during storage (>3.0 at day 16). These allele combinations, along with deletion at Glu-D1, show promise for tortilla wheat development. C1 [Jondiko, Tom O.; Alviola, Novie J.; Hays, Dirk B.; Ibrahim, Amir; Awika, Joseph M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Tilley, Michael] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Awika, Joseph M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Awika, JM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jawika@ag.tamu.edu NR 32 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 20 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 89 IS 3 BP 155 EP 161 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-12-11-0152 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 957NM UT WOS:000305169700003 ER PT J AU Lanning, SB Siebenmorgen, TJ Ambardekar, AA Counce, PA Bryant, RJ AF Lanning, Sarah B. Siebenmorgen, Terry J. Ambardekar, Amogh A. Counce, Paul A. Bryant, Rolfe J. TI Effects of Nighttime Air Temperature During Kernel Development of Field-Grown Rice on Physicochemical and Functional Properties SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; AMYLOPECTIN FINE-STRUCTURE; MILLING QUALITY; AMYLOSE CONTENT; COOKED RICE; STARCH; GRAIN; ACCUMULATION; SYNTHASE; PROTEIN AB Elevated nighttime air temperatures (NTATs) occurring during critical grain-filling stages affected rice physicochemical properties, which impacted functional quality. Six cultivars were grown at multiple field locations from northern to southern Arkansas during 2007 to 2010. Nighttime temperatures were recorded throughout production at each of the locations, and 95th percentiles of NTATs were calculated for each cultivar's reproductive (R) stages. Amy lose content and crude protein content decreased linearly, whereas total lipid content increased linearly, with increasing NTATs occurring during the grain-filling stages (R6-R8). Effects of NTAT on proximate composition influenced functional properties. Peak viscosities increased linearly as NTAT increased, whereas setback viscosities decreased. Setback viscosities were linearly correlated to NTATs for medium-grain cultivars, but correlations were quadratic for the long-grain cultivars. Gelatinization temperatures increased linearly with increasing NTAT. The R stages in which correlations were strongest varied by cultivar and by property, hypothesized to result from differences in kernel development patterns among cultivars. These findings have significant implications for rice production scientists and processors, in that understanding the effects of NTAT on physicochemical and functional properties may help explain and reduce quality variation. C1 [Lanning, Sarah B.; Siebenmorgen, Terry J.; Ambardekar, Amogh A.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Counce, Paul A.] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Bryant, Rolfe J.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Siebenmorgen, TJ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, 2650 N Young Ave, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM tsiebenm@uark.edu FU Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board; University of Arkansas FX The authors wish to acknowledge the Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board and the corporate sponsors of the University of Arkansas Rice Processing Program for financial support of this project. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 17 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 89 IS 3 BP 168 EP 175 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-12-11-0146 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 957NM UT WOS:000305169700005 ER PT J AU Guerrero, FD Miller, RJ de Leon, AAP AF Guerrero, Felix D. Miller, Robert J. de Leon, Adalberto A. Perez TI Cattle tick vaccines: Many candidate antigens, but will a commercially viable product emerge? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cattle tick; Vaccine; Tick control; Recombinant protein; Protective antigen ID RHIPICEPHALUS BOOPHILUS MICROPLUS; RECOMBINANT VACCINE; CONCEALED ANTIGENS; INFESTATIONS; RESPONSES; BM86; DETERMINANTS; PROTECTION; ACARICIDES; RESISTANT AB The cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, is arguably the world's most economically important external parasite of cattle. Sustainable cattle tick control strategies are required to maximise the productivity of cattle in both large production operations and small family farms. Commercially available synthetic acaricides are commonly used in control and eradication programs, but indiscriminate practices in their application have resulted in the rapid evolution of resistance among populations in tropical and subtropical regions where the invasive R. microplus thrives. The need for novel technologies that could be used alone or in combination with commercially available synthetic acaricides is driving a resurgence of cattle tick vaccine discovery research efforts by various groups globally. The aim is to deliver a next-generation vaccine that has an improved efficacy profile over the existing Bm86-based cattle tick vaccine product. We present a short review of these projects and offer our opinion on what constitutes a good target antigen and vaccine, and what might influence the market success of candidate vaccines. The previous experience with Bm86-based vaccines offers perspective on marketing and producer acceptance aspects that a next-generation cattle tick vaccine product must meet for successful commercialisation. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. C1 [Guerrero, Felix D.; de Leon, Adalberto A. Perez] ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Miller, Robert J.] ARS, USDA, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Guerrero, FD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM Felix.Guerrero@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insect Research Laboratory CRIS [6205-32000-031-00] FX The authors acknowledge funding support from the USDA-ARS Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insect Research Laboratory CRIS Project No. 6205-32000-031-00. We further are grateful to Drs. Kevin Temeyer and Azhahianambi Palavesam for their manuscript review and helpful suggestions. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 49 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 42 IS 5 BP 421 EP 427 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.04.003 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 957ZG UT WOS:000305205000001 PM 22549026 ER PT J AU Wu, MX Zhang, XY Bian, QN Taylor, A Liang, JJ Ding, LL Horwitz, J Shang, F AF Wu, Mingxing Zhang, Xinyu Bian, Qingning Taylor, Allen Liang, Jack J. Ding, Linlin Horwitz, Joseph Shang, Fu TI Oligomerization with wt alpha A- and alpha B-Crystallins Reduces Proteasome-Mediated Degradation of C-Terminally Truncated alpha A-Crystallin SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LENS EPITHELIAL-CELLS; MULTICATALYTIC PROTEINASE COMPLEX; INDUCED LIGHT-SCATTERING; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; BOVINE LENS; CALPAIN-II; RAT LENS; SELENITE CATARACT; OXIDATIVE STRESS; BETA-CRYSTALLIN AB PURPOSE. We previously demonstrated that the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) is a general protein quality control system that selectively degrades damaged or abnormal lens proteins, including C-terminally truncated alpha A-crystallin. The objective of this work was to determine the effects of wt alpha A- and alpha B-crystallins on the degradation of C-terminally truncated alpha A-crystallin (alpha A(1-162)) and vice versa. METHODS. Recombinant wt alpha A, alpha B, and alpha A(1-162) were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity by chromatography. Subunit exchange and oligomerization were detected by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), multianglelight scattering and coprecipitation assays. Protein substrates were labeled with I-125 and lens epithelial cell lysates were used as the source of the UPP for degradation assays. RESULTS. FRET, multiangle light scattering, and coprecipitation assays showed that alpha A(1-162) exchanged subunits with wt alpha A- or wt alpha B- crystallin to form hetero-oligomers. alpha A(1-162) was more susceptible than wt aA-crystallin to degradation by the UPP. When mixed with wt alpha A-crystallin at 1:1 or 1:4 (alpha A(1-162) : wt) ratios to form hetero-oligomers, the degradation of alpha A(1-162) was significantly decreased. Conversely, formation of hetero-oligomers with alpha A(1-162) enhanced the degradation of wt alpha A-crystallin. The presence of alpha A(1-162), but not wt aA-crystallin, decreased the degradation of wt alpha B-crystallin. CONCLUSIONS. alpha A(1-162) forms hetero-oligomers with wt alpha A- and alpha B-crystallins. Oligomerization with wt alpha A- or alpha B-crystallins reduces the susceptibility of alpha A(1-162) to degradation by the UPP. In addition, the presence of alpha A(1-162) in the hetero-oligomers also affects the degradation of wt alpha A- and alpha B-crystallins. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:2541-2550) DOI:10.1167/iovs.11-9147 C1 [Wu, Mingxing; Zhang, Xinyu; Bian, Qingning; Taylor, Allen; Shang, Fu] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Wu, Mingxing; Zhang, Xinyu; Shang, Fu] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Zhongshan Ophthalm Ctr, State Key Lab Ophthalmol, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Liang, Jack J.] Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Ctr Ophthalm Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Ding, Linlin; Horwitz, Joseph] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Jules Stein Eye Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Wu, MX (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM wumingx@mail.sysu.edu.cn; fu.shang@tufts.edu FU NIH [EY011717, EY013250, EY03897]; USDA CRIS [1950-51000-060-01A]; USDA AFRI [2009-35200-05014]; Chinese NNSF [81070719]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [3030901009017] FX This work is supported by NIH Grants EY011717, EY013250, and EY03897; USDA CRIS 1950-51000-060-01A, USDA AFRI Award 2009-35200-05014; Chinese NNSF 81070719; and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities 3030901009017. NR 97 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 53 IS 6 BP 2541 EP 2550 DI 10.1167/iovs.11-9147 PG 10 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 953JY UT WOS:000304864600003 PM 22427585 ER PT J AU Fratamico, PM Juneja, V Annous, BA Rasanayagam, V Sundar, M Braithwaite, D Fisher, S AF Fratamico, Pina M. Juneja, Vijay Annous, Bassam A. Rasanayagam, Vasuhi Sundar, M. Braithwaite, David Fisher, Steven TI Application of Ozonated Dry Ice (ALIGAL (TM) Blue Ice) For Packaging and Transport in the Food Industry SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALIGAL Blue Ice; antimicrobial; C. jejuni; dry ice; foodborne pathogens; ozone ID GASEOUS OZONE; SALMONELLA; EFFICACY AB Dry ice is used by meat and poultry processors for temperature reduction during processing and for temperature maintenance during transportation. ALIGAL (TM) Blue Ice (ABI), which combines the antimicrobial effect of ozone (O-3) along with the high cooling capacity of dry ice, was investigated for its effect on bacterial reduction in air, in liquid, and on food and glass surfaces. Through proprietary means, O-3 was introduced to produce dry ice pellets to a concentration of 20 parts per million (ppm) by total weight. The ABI sublimation rate was similar to that of dry ice pellets under identical conditions, and ABI was able to hold the O-3 concentration throughout the normal shelf life of the product. Challenge studies were performed using different microorganisms, including E. coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella, and Listeria, that are critical to food safety. ABI showed significant (P < 0.05) microbial reduction during bioaerosol contamination (up to 5-log reduction of E. coli and Listeria), on chicken breast (approximately 1.3-log reduction of C. jejuni), on contact surfaces (approximately 3.9 log reduction of C. jejuni), and in liquid (2-log reduction of C. jejuni). Considering the stability of O-3, ease of use, and antimicrobial efficacy against foodborne pathogens, our results suggest that ABI is a better alternative, especially for meat and poultry processors, as compared to dry ice. Further, ABI can potentially serve as an additional processing hurdle to guard against pathogens during processing, transportation, distribution, and/or storage. C1 [Fratamico, Pina M.; Juneja, Vijay; Annous, Bassam A.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Rasanayagam, Vasuhi; Sundar, M.] Amer Air Liquide, Newark, DE 19702 USA. [Braithwaite, David] Air Liquide Ind US LP, Houston, TX 77041 USA. [Fisher, Steven] Air Liquide Ind US LP, Countryside, IL 60525 USA. RP Fratamico, PM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM pina.fratamico@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 77 IS 5 BP M285 EP M291 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02682.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 952RX UT WOS:000304811000022 PM 23163945 ER PT J AU Kou, LP Turner, ER Luo, YG AF Kou, Liping Turner, Ellen R. Luo, Yaguang TI Extending the Shelf Life of Edible Flowers with Controlled Release of 1-Methylcyclopropene and Modified Atmosphere Packaging SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE 1-methylcyclopropene; edible flowers; quality; modified atmosphere packaging; shelf life ID FRESH-CUT CILANTRO; POSTHARVEST PERFORMANCE; ETHYLENE ACTION; QUALITY; SENESCENCE; CARNATION; TEMPERATURE; SLICES; FRUIT; 1-MCP AB Edible flowers have great sensory appeal, but their extremely short shelf life limits their commercial usage. Postharvest 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment is used to counter ethylene activity and delay senescence in fresh produce; however, its potential application in edible flowers has not been tested. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 1-MCP treatment with modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the shelf life of edible flowers. Freshly harvested carnations and snapdragons were packaged in trays with or without 0.5 mu L/L of 1-MCP, sealed with a gas permeable film, and stored at 5 degrees C. Package atmospheres, tissue electrolyte leakage, and flower quality were evaluated on days 0, 7, and 14. Treatment with 1-MCP resulted in significantly slower changes in package headspace O-2, CO2, and C2H4 partial pressures, maintained higher overall quality of both flower species and reduced electrolyte leakage and abscission in snapdragon. All samples prepared with MAP had significantly reduced dehydration and higher overall quality compared to flowers packaged commercially in plastic clamshell containers. Treatments with controlled release of 1-MCP and MAP significantly extended storage life of edible carnation and snapdragon flowers. C1 [Kou, Liping; Turner, Ellen R.; Luo, Yaguang] ARS, Food Qual Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kou, Liping] NW A&F Univ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Luo, YG (reprint author), ARS, Food Qual Lab, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Yaguang.Luo@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 77 IS 5 BP S188 EP S193 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02683.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 952RX UT WOS:000304811000026 PM 23163949 ER PT J AU Morris, CF McLean, D Engleson, JA Fuerst, EP Burgos, F Coburn, E AF Morris, Craig F. McLean, Derek Engleson, Jodi A. Fuerst, E. Patrick Burgos, Francisco Coburn, Erin TI Some observations on the granivorous feeding behavior preferences of the house mouse (Mus musculus L.) SO MAMMALIA LA English DT Article DE food preference; grain hardness; kernel texture; Mus musculus; wheat grain ID FOOD PREFERENCES; RATTUS-RATTUS; DEER MICE; WHEAT; SEED; RATS; PUROINDOLINES; STRATEGIES; HARDNESS; KERNEL AB The house mouse (Mus musculus) is a highly successful mammal worldwide, in part due to its adaptive consumption of a wide range of seeds, especially those of the agricultural cereal crops. The present study examined the granivorous feeding behavior of mice in relation to wheat kernel texture (hardness), bran color, and the presence/absence of hulls. Three wheat taxa were examined: common bread wheat, spelt, and emmer. There was a particularly strong (5-fold) preference for soft white wheat kernels over hard red kernels. Using near-isogenic wheat lines, the preference was most highly associated with softer texture. This preference was also evidenced in spelt (soft) vs. emmer (very hard) comparisons. For spelt, hulls presented no deterrent to consumption, whereas in emmer, the hulls significantly reduced consumption. In a number of trials, a short lag in consumption patterns of new foods suggested that learning was involved. Regardless of the factor evaluated, all grains were consumed at some level. Soft white wheat was preferred over laboratory pellets by about 4 to 1. The results raise further questions about the ways mice evaluate individual grains and make consumption choices. C1 [Morris, Craig F.; Fuerst, E. Patrick; Burgos, Francisco; Coburn, Erin] Washington State Univ, Western Wheat Qual Lab, ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [McLean, Derek; Burgos, Francisco; Coburn, Erin] Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Engleson, Jodi A.] So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Fuerst, E. Patrick] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Western Wheat Qual Lab, ARS, USDA, E 202 Food Qual Bldg,POB 646394, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM morrisc@wsu.edu NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0025-1461 J9 MAMMALIA JI Mammalia PD MAY PY 2012 VL 76 IS 2 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.1515/mammalia-2011-0121 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 957BV UT WOS:000305134500011 ER PT J AU Jonkers, W Dong, YH Broz, K Kistler, HC AF Jonkers, Wilfried Dong, Yanhong Broz, Karen Kistler, H. Corby TI The Wor1-like Protein Fgp1 Regulates Pathogenicity, Toxin Synthesis and Reproduction in the Phytopathogenic Fungus Fusarium graminearum SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; IN-VITRO; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATOR; MASTER REGULATOR; SPECIES COMPLEX; GENE-CLUSTER; MAP KINASE AB WOR1 is a gene for a conserved fungal regulatory protein controlling the dimorphic switch and pathogenicity determents in Candida albicans and its ortholog in the plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum, called SGE1, is required for pathogenicity and expression of key plant effector proteins. F. graminearum, an important pathogen of cereals, is not known to employ switching and no effector proteins from F. graminearum have been found to date that are required for infection. In this study, the potential role of the WOR1-like gene in pathogenesis was tested in this toxigenic fungus. Deletion of the WOR1 ortholog (called FGP1) in F. graminearum results in greatly reduced pathogenicity and loss of trichothecene toxin accumulation in infected wheat plants and in vitro. The loss of toxin accumulation alone may be sufficient to explain the loss of pathogenicity to wheat. Under toxin-inducing conditions, expression of genes for trichothecene biosynthesis and many other genes are not detected or detected at lower levels in Delta fgp1 strains. FGP1 is also involved in the developmental processes of conidium formation and sexual reproduction and modulates a morphological change that accompanies mycotoxin production in vitro. The Wor1-like proteins in Fusarium species have highly conserved N-terminal regions and remarkably divergent C-termini. Interchanging the N- and C-terminal portions of proteins from F. oxysporum and F. graminearum resulted in partial to complete loss of function. Wor1-like proteins are conserved but have evolved to regulate pathogenicity in a range of fungi, likely by adaptations to the C-terminal portion of the protein. C1 [Jonkers, Wilfried; Dong, Yanhong; Kistler, H. Corby] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Jonkers, Wilfried; Broz, Karen; Kistler, H. Corby] ARS, USDA, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN USA. RP Jonkers, W (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM hckist@umn.edu OI Broz, Karen/0000-0001-7928-7216 FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) [2008-35604-18800, 2010-65108-20642]; Minnesota Supercomputing Institute FX This project was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) awards 2008-35604-18800 and 2010-65108-20642. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; Authors would like to thank Martijn Rep and Lotje vand der Does for critical reading of the manuscript and Martijn Rep and Ben Cornelissen for giving the opportunity to make the deletion mutants in their laboratory at the department of Molecular Plant Pathology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Aaron Becker from the BioMedical Genomics Center at the University of Minnesota is thanked for handling the microarray chips. The Minnesota Supercomputing Institute is kindly acknowledged for computing resources and support. NR 63 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 34 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-7374 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 8 IS 5 AR e1002724 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002724 PG 18 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 959OS UT WOS:000305322900056 PM 22693448 ER PT J AU Flitcroft, RL Burnett, KM Reeves, GH Ganio, LM AF Flitcroft, Rebecca L. Burnett, Kelly M. Reeves, Gordon H. Ganio, Lisa M. TI Do network relationships matter? Comparing network and instream habitat variables to explain densities of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in mid-coastal Oregon, USA SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE stream; catchment; distribution; endangered species; conservation evaluation; fish ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; RIVER RESTORATION; SEDIMENT CRITERIA; SPAWNING HABITAT; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; FLOW REGIME AB Aquatic ecologists are working to develop theory and techniques for analysis of dynamic stream processes and communities of organisms. Such work is critical for the development of conservation plans that are relevant at the scale of entire ecosystems. The stream network is the foundation upon which stream systems are organized. Natural and human disturbances in streams alter the configuration of stream habitats such as pools, riffles, and glides across seasons, decades, or centuries. Thus, native aquatic species have developed mechanisms for adapting to the dynamic configuration of habitats in stream networks. At different spatial scales, stream network structure informs habitat connectivity for aquaticobligate species. The movement of aquatic species both upstream and downstream is limited by stream channels and may be modified by the downstream flow of water, nutrients, and physical materials such as wood and substrate. Analysing streams as networks offers a realistic and holistic perspective for assessing movement and distribution by freshwater aquatic species in response to life-history needs and environmental conditions. In this study, network analysis was facilitated by automating, in a Geographic Information System, the calculation of network distances and variables that represent spatial configuration. A comparison between traditional instream habitat variables and network variables for juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in seven sub-basins of Oregon's mid-coast over a 5-year period revealed that network variables perform better at explaining juvenile coho salmon density than instream habitat variables. Moreover, analysis of network distances among seasonal habitats indicates that juvenile coho salmon density may be higher where the distance between critical seasonal habitats is short. This work furthers aquatic conservation, management, and restoration by including analysis of the proximity and connectivity among aquatic freshwater habitats. Published in 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Flitcroft, Rebecca L.; Burnett, Kelly M.] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Reeves, Gordon H.; Ganio, Lisa M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Flitcroft, RL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rflitcroft@fs.fed.us FU Mid-coast Watershed Council; USDA Forest Service FX We would like to acknowledge the long hours of field work contributed to this project by the survey crews of the Oregon Department and Fish and Wildlife's Aquatic Inventories Project and the snorkel crews supported by the Mid-coast Watershed Council. Without the vision of the leaders of these programmes to gather comprehensive and expensive datasets, analysis such as this would not have been possible. This manuscript was much improved thanks to the thoughtful reviews of Aimee Fullerton, Jeff Falke, Philip Boon, and one anonymous reviewer. The USDA Forest Service provided funding and support for the analytical portion of this project. NR 76 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1052-7613 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 22 IS 3 BP 288 EP 302 DI 10.1002/aqc.2228 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 953JN UT WOS:000304863300003 ER PT J AU Gardner, NM Maddox, JR Rainey, MA Sachs, AJ Riley, RT Gelineau-Van Waes, JB AF Gardner, N. M. Maddox, J. R. Rainey, M. A. Sachs, A. J. Riley, R. T. Gelineau-Van Waes, J. B. TI Altered Expression of Sphingolipid Metabolites and TGF beta Superfamily Genes in Fumonisin and FTY720-Treated Exencephalic Embryos SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gardner, N. M.; Maddox, J. R.; Rainey, M. A.; Sachs, A. J.; Gelineau-Van Waes, J. B.] Creighton Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Riley, R. T.] ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 94 IS 5 SI SI BP 312 EP 312 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 956FF UT WOS:000305074800037 ER PT J AU Dudley, JG Saab, VA Hollenbeck, JP AF Dudley, Jonathan G. Saab, Victoria A. Hollenbeck, Jeffrey P. TI FORAGING-HABITAT SELECTION OF BLACK-BACKED WOODPECKERS IN FOREST BURNS OF SOUTHWESTERN IDAHO SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Black-backed Woodpecker; foraging habitat selection; Idaho; Picoides arcticus; remote sensing; resource-selection probability function; wildfire ID EASTERN BOREAL FOREST; BARK BEETLES; 3-TOED WOODPECKERS; PICOIDES-ARCTICUS; NORTHERN ARIZONA; CONIFER FORESTS; HOME-RANGE; PINE; ECOLOGY; FIRE AB We examined foraging-habitat selection of Black-backed Woodpeckers (Picoides arcticus) in burned forests of southwestern Idaho during 2000 and 2002 (6 and 8 years following wildfire). This woodpecker responds positively to large-scale fire disturbances and may be at risk from logging and post-fire management. With 100 radio-locations of four adult males, we used resource-selection probability functions in logistic form in an information-theoretic framework to model the Black-backed Woodpecker's selection of foraging habitat at fine and coarse spatial scales. Fine-scale data included characteristics of the foraging tree (tree level) and local habitat surrounding foraging trees (plot level, 0.04 ha), whereas coarse-scale data (224-778 ha) included patch characteristics within home ranges. Model selection by Akaike's information criterion identified a multi-scale model containing tree- and plot-level covariates, and their interaction, as the best model to characterize foraging trees. The positive effect of interaction between foraging-tree diameter and plot-level tree density suggested that foraging Black-backed Woodpeckers select both patches with dense trees and larger-diameter trees. Fire severity was not important, possibly because of the time since fire and the birds' habit of foraging on recently dead trees in adjacent unburned forests. Salvage logging that retains large-diameter trees in clumped distributions is most likely to provide long-term foraging habitat for Black-backed Woodpeckers in dry coniferous forests of the interior western U.S. Following wildfire, conservation of forest patches containing weakened trees may extend the suitability of habitat for foraging Black-backed Woodpeckers by up to 8 years. C1 [Dudley, Jonathan G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Saab, Victoria A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Hollenbeck, Jeffrey P.] USGS Forest & Rangelands Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dudley, JG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 322 E Front St,Suite 401, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM jdudley@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station; Boise National Forest; National Fire Plan; Joint Fire Science Program; Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Golden Eagle Audubon Society FX This research was supported primarily by the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station and Boise National Forest, with additional funding provided by the National Fire Plan, Joint Fire Science Program, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Golden Eagle Audubon Society. We thank Joshua Schmidt, Rodney Siegel, L. Scott Baggett, and two anonymous referees for critical reviews and contributions to the manuscript. We are grateful to Susan Cooper and Shawn Carney for field assistance. NR 74 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 46 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2012 VL 114 IS 2 BP 348 EP 357 DI 10.1525/cond.2012.110020 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 955TE UT WOS:000305043000012 ER PT J AU Hamerlynck, EP Scott, RL Stone, JJ AF Hamerlynck, Erik P. Scott, Russell L. Stone, Jeffry J. TI Soil moisture and ecosystem function responses of desert grassland varying in vegetative cover to a saturating precipitation pulse SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE leaf area index; net ecosystem carbon exchange; photosynthesis; respiration; runoff ID NORTHERN TEMPERATE GRASSLAND; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; GAS-EXCHANGE; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SONORAN DESERT; PRODUCTIVITY RESPONSES; PLANT-RESPONSES; CO2 FLUX AB A critical linkage between hydrological and ecological processes is plant cover, yet the ecosystem-level responses of aridland systems of varying plant cover to extreme precipitation events, predicted to increase in the future, have not been well studied. We tracked volumetric soil water (theta(15) (cm)) across the entire summer monsoon season, and ecosystem evapotranspiration (ET), net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (R-eco), gross ecosystem photosynthesis (GEP), and leaf-level net carbon assimilation (A(net)) and stomatal conductance to water vapour (g(s)) for 30 days in high-cover (ca center dot 50%) and low-cover (ca center dot 23%) plots in response to a runoff generating experimental rainfall. For 35 days following the pulse, theta(15) cm was 2.5% higher in high-cover plots compared to low-cover values, with identical soil drying rates between cover conditions. After theta(15) cm converged to similar values between cover conditions, dry-down rates were longer in low-cover plots. ET and gs did not differ between plots. For 7 days after the pulse, slower Anet development in some grass species compared to rapid development by the canopy dominant, Lehmann's lovegrass, may have resulted in similar GEP between low- and high-cover plots. After this, GEP and Reco were higher and increased in parallel in high-cover plots. In low-cover plots, Reco levelled at +21 days, resulting in similar NEE to high-cover plots, even though GEP was lower. These findings suggest that low biomass in low-cover areas may constrain Reco and lead to more evenly distributed productivity across semiarid grasslands following large, infrequent precipitation events. Published in 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Hamerlynck, Erik P.; Scott, Russell L.; Stone, Jeffry J.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Hamerlynck, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM erik.hamerlynck@ars.usda.gov NR 57 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 60 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD MAY PY 2012 VL 5 IS 3 BP 297 EP 305 DI 10.1002/eco.214 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 953VR UT WOS:000304901800008 ER PT J AU Chochois, V Vogel, JP Watt, M AF Chochois, Vincent Vogel, John P. Watt, Michelle TI Application of Brachypodium to the genetic improvement of wheat roots SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Review DE Architecture; breeding; drought; molecular markers; nutrients; rhizosphere; soil; water ID TEMPERATE CEREALS; DISTACHYON; MAIZE; MODEL; RICE; SYSTEM; SOIL; RESISTANCE; MORPHOLOGY; DIVERSITY AB To meet the demands of a larger and more affluent global population, wheat yields must increase faster this century than last, with less irrigation, fertilizer, and land. Modelling and experiments consistently demonstrate a large potential for increasing wheat productivity by improving root systems; however, application of research to new varieties is slow because of the inherent difficulties associated with working underground. This review makes the case for the use of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon to simplify root research and accelerate the identification of genes underlying wheat root improvement. Brachypodium is a small temperate grass with many genomic, genetic, and experimental resources that make it a tractable model plant. Brachypodium and wheat have very similar root anatomies which are distinct from rice root anatomy that is specialized to help it overcome anaerobic conditions associated with submerged roots. As a dicotyledonous plant, Arabidopsis has an even more divergent root system that features a tap root system and cambia with secondary growth, both of which are lacking in the grasses. The major advantage of Brachypodium is its small stature that allows the adult grass root system to be readily phenotyped, unlike rice and maize. This will facilitate the identification of genes in adult roots that greatly influence yield by modulating water uptake during flowering and grain development. A summary of the advantages of Brachypodium for root studies is presented, including the adult root system architecture and root growth during grain development. Routes to translate discoveries from Brachypodium to wheat are also discussed. C1 [Chochois, Vincent; Watt, Michelle] CSIRO Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Vogel, John P.] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Watt, M (reprint author), CSIRO Plant Ind, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. EM michelle.watt@csiro.au RI chochois, vincent/D-3783-2011; Watt, Michelle/F-8941-2010; Watt, Michelle/I-6226-2016; OI chochois, vincent/0000-0003-1348-9936; Watt, Michelle/0000-0001-7843-0957; Vogel, John/0000-0003-1786-2689 FU GRDC [CSP00129]; CSIRO Office of the Chief Executive FX We thank Pan Dong, Kathy Schneebeli, and Sam Walker for helping conduct the experiments for Figs 3 and 4. We are grateful to the GRDC for funding VC through research grant CSP00129 and to the CSIRO Office of the Chief Executive for a McMaster Visiting Fellowship to JV. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 46 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 63 IS 9 SI SI BP 3467 EP 3474 DI 10.1093/jxb/ers044 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 952ZV UT WOS:000304836300014 PM 22467408 ER PT J AU Dassanayake, RP Schneider, DA Herrmann-Hoesing, LM Truscott, TC Davis, WC O'Rourke, KI AF Dassanayake, Rohana P. Schneider, David A. Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M. Truscott, Thomas C. Davis, William C. O'Rourke, Katherine I. TI Cell-surface expression of PrPC and the presence of scrapie prions in the blood of goats SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL SCRAPIE; INFECTED SHEEP; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION; TRANSGENIC MICE; T-CELLS; PROTEIN; DISEASES; TRANSMISSION; TRANSFUSION; EPITOPE AB Although host-encoded prion protein (PrPC) expression in ovine PBMCs and prion infectivity in scrapie-infected sheep blood have been demonstrated, such studies have not been reported in goats. Therefore, this study characterized cell-surface expression of PrPC on PBMC subsets derived from normal goats and sheep, by flow cytometry, and determined prion infectivity in blood from a scrapie-infected goat using a transfusion bioassay in goat kids. Cell-surface PrPC expression was detected on all subsets of goat PBMCs. The highest PrPC cell-surface expression was found in CD2(+) T lymphocytes in goats. Transmission of infection was detected in all three recipients who received whole blood from a goat with classical scrapie. It was concluded that caprine PBMCs express PrPC similarly to sheep but with relative differences among PBMCs subsets, and that blood-borne infectious prions can be detected in scrapie-infected goats. Thus, similar to sheep, goat blood may be a suitable diagnostic target for the detection of scrapie infection. C1 [Dassanayake, Rohana P.; Davis, William C.; O'Rourke, Katherine I.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Schneider, David A.; Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M.; Truscott, Thomas C.; O'Rourke, Katherine I.] ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Dassanayake, RP (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM rohana1@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Schneider, David/A-2833-2010 OI Schneider, David/0000-0001-9659-6731 FU US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service under CRIS [5348-32000-026-00 D] FX This work was support by the funds from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service under CRIS 5348-32000-026-00 D. We thank Dr Sally Madsen-Bourterse for reading the manuscript and providing helpful comments, L. Hamburg for her support during blood transfusion experiments and D. Lesiak for PRNP genotyping the donor and recipient animals. We also thank L. Fuller and D. Chandler for care of the animals and the Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory personnel at the histology laboratory for use of their tissue processor. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 93 BP 1127 EP 1131 DI 10.1099/vir.0.039032-0 PN 5 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 951QX UT WOS:000304736200022 PM 22278824 ER PT J AU Zema, DA Bingner, RL Denisi, P Govers, G Licciardello, F Zimbone, SM AF Zema, D. A. Bingner, R. L. Denisi, P. Govers, G. Licciardello, F. Zimbone, S. M. TI Evaluation of runoff, peak flow and sediment yield for events simulated by the AnnAGNPS model in a belgian agricultural watershed SO LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE AnnAGNPS; Belgium; hydrological models; peak flow; runoff volume; SCS curve number; sediment yield ID SOURCE POLLUTION MODEL; NONPOINT-SOURCE MODEL; HYDROLOGICAL MODELS; SOIL-EROSION; CALIBRATION; VALIDATION; MANAGEMENT; CATCHMENT; AGNPS; SWAT AB The AnnAGNPS model, widely utilized as a practical tool for addressing erosion problems and land use planning, was implemented in a small agricultural watershed located in central Belgium, to assess its prediction capacity of runoff, peak flow and sediment yield in humid temperate conditions. Model performance was evaluated at the event scale by using a database reporting hydrological, geomorphologic and land use data collected during a 2-year period. Seventeen events were modelled and compared with the corresponding observations at the watershed outlet. The model performed well in predicting the largest runoff volumes, as shown by the high values achieved for the coefficients of efficiency (E?=?0.89) and determination (r2?=?0.92). However, some events resulted in zero runoff simulation. The prediction capability for peak flow and sediment yield was poor (E?=?0.35 and 0.16, respectively). This inaccuracy can have several causes: the internal model deficiencies may be due to the incomplete representation of watershed complex processes, while external problems may be related to the conditions within the modelled watershed and the quality of recorded data. On the whole the AnnAGNPS model may be considered as being suitable to simulate the significant runoff events in the experimental watershed. However, the model may be seen as better suited for comparative assessments of alternative management and policy scenarios and for gross estimation of nutrient loads rather than the precise prediction of a single event, consequently helping in the prediction of land degradation problems in the experimented conditions. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Zema, D. A.; Denisi, P.; Zimbone, S. M.] Mediterranean Univ Reggio Calabria, Dept Agroforest & Envirom Sci & Technol, I-89122 Reggio Di Calabria, Italy. [Bingner, R. L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Govers, G.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Phys & Reg Geog Res Grp, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. [Licciardello, F.] Univ Catania, Dept Agr Engn, I-95123 Catania, Italy. RP Zema, DA (reprint author), Mediterranean Univ Reggio Calabria, Dept Agroforest & Envirom Sci & Technol, I-89122 Reggio Di Calabria, Italy. EM dzema@unirc.it RI Govers, Gerard/A-8298-2008; OI Govers, Gerard/0000-0001-9884-4778; LICCIARDELLO, Feliciana/0000-0003-3316-7731; Zema, Demetrio Antonio/0000-0002-5743-3996; Zimbone, Santo Marcello/0000-0003-2725-2438 NR 50 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1085-3278 J9 LAND DEGRAD DEV JI Land Degrad. Dev. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 23 IS 3 BP 205 EP 215 DI 10.1002/ldr.1068 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 952SY UT WOS:000304813900001 ER PT J AU Yang, D Zeng, DH Zhang, J Li, LJ Mao, R AF Yang, D. Zeng, D. -H. Zhang, J. Li, L. -J. Mao, R. TI Chemical and microbial properties in contaminated soils around a magnesite mine in northeast China SO LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE magnesium dust; soil contamination; soil microbial activity; soil microbial biomass; Northeast China; soil chemistry ID NINHYDRIN-REACTIVE NITROGEN; HEAVY-METALS; ORGANIC-MATTER; BIOMASS; CARBON; PLANT; MICROORGANISMS; EXTRACTS; STRESS; IMPACT AB We measured soil chemical and microbial properties at a depth of 020?cm among mine tailings, abandoned mined land, contaminated cropland, and uncontaminated cropland around a magnesite mine near Haicheng City, Liaoning Province, China. The objective was to clarify the impact of Mg on the soils. We found that soluble Mg2+ concentration and pH were significantly higher in contaminated soils (266-345?mg?kg-1 and 9.910.3, respectively) than in uncontaminated soils (140?mg?kg-1 and 7.1, respectively). Soil nutrients (total N, total P, mineral N, available P and soluble Ca) and microbial biomass C and N decreased as pH and soluble Mg2+ concentration increased. In addition, an increase of microbial metabolic quotient and a decrease of N mineralization rate were found in contaminated soils. Soluble Mg2+/Ca2+ ratios in contaminated soils were 3.58.9-times higher than in uncontaminated soils. Our results indicate that soil contamination in such magnesite mine regions is characterized by high pH, Mg2+ concentration and soluble Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio, and low microbial activity and N and P availability. Future soil amelioration in the magnesite regions should consider applying acid ameliorants to neutralize high pH and applying calcareous ameliorants to increase Ca2+ concentration. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Yang, D.; Zeng, D. -H.; Li, L. -J.; Mao, R.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. [Yang, D.; Li, L. -J.; Mao, R.] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Zhang, J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Zeng, DH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, 72 Wenhua Rd, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. EM zengdh@iae.ac.cn RI Li, Lu-Jun/B-1496-2009 OI Li, Lu-Jun/0000-0003-1148-8235 FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [DB2X-2-027] FX This work was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences through an innovation project grant (DB2X-2-027). We thank He-Ming Lin, Gui-Yan Ai, and Jing-Shi Li for their help with the laboratory analyses. Comments from anonymous reviewers, and Aimin Lu and William Oliver which significantly improved the manuscript are greatly appreciated. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1085-3278 J9 LAND DEGRAD DEV JI Land Degrad. Dev. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 23 IS 3 BP 256 EP 262 DI 10.1002/ldr.1077 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 952SY UT WOS:000304813900005 ER PT J AU Leivar, P Monte, E Cohn, MM Quail, PH AF Leivar, Pablo Monte, Elena Cohn, Megan M. Quail, Peter H. TI Phytochrome Signaling in Green Arabidopsis Seedlings: Impact Assessment of a Mutually Negative phyB-PIF Feedback Loop SO MOLECULAR PLANT LA English DT Article DE Light regulation; light signaling; genetics; molecular biology; transcriptional control and transcription factors; photomorphogenesis ID SHADE-AVOIDANCE-RESPONSE; INTERACTING FACTOR-3; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; RED-LIGHT; MEDIATED DEGRADATION; ELONGATION GROWTH; SEED-GERMINATION; CELL ELONGATION; REGULATOR; PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS AB The reversibly red (R)/far-red (FR)-light-responsive phytochrome (phy) photosensory system initiates both the deetiolation process in dark-germinated seedlings upon first exposure to light, and the shade-avoidance process in fully deetiolated seedlings upon exposure to vegetational shade. The intracellular signaling pathway from the light-activated photoreceptor conformer (Pfr) to the transcriptional network that drives these responses involves direct, physical interaction of Pfr with a small subfamily of bHLH transcription factors, termed Phy-Interacting Factors (PIFs), which induces rapid PIF proteolytic degradation. In addition, there is evidence of further complexity in light-grown seedlings, whereby phyB-PIF interaction reciprocally induces phyB degradation, in a mutually-negative, feedback-loop configuration. Here, to assess the relative contributions of these antagonistic activities to the net phenotypic readout in light-grown seedlings, we have examined the magnitude of the light- and simulated-shade-induced responses of a pentuple phyBpif1pif3pif4pif5 (phyBpifq) mutant and various multiple pif-mutant combinations. The data (1) reaffirm that phyB is the predominant, if not exclusive, photoreceptor imposing the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation in deetiolating seedlings in response to prolonged continuous R irradiation and (2) show that the PIF quartet (PIF1, PIF3, PIF4, and PIF5) retain and exert a dual capacity to modulate hypocotyl elongation under these conditions, by concomitantly promoting cell elongation through intrinsic transcriptional-regulatory activity, and reducing phyB-inhibitory capacity through feedback-loop-induced phyB degradation. In shade-exposed seedlings, immunoblot analysis shows that the shade-imposed reduction in Pfr levels induces increases in the abundance of PIF3, and mutant analysis indicates that PIF3 acts, in conjunction with PIF4 and PIF5, to promote the known shade-induced acceleration of hypocotyl elongation. Conversely, although the quadruple pifq mutant displays clearly reduced hypocotyl elongation compared to wild-type in response to prolonged shade, immunoblot analysis detects no elevation in phyB levels in the mutant seedlings compared to the wild-type during the majority of the shade-induced growth period, and phyB levels are not robustly correlated with the growth phenotype across the pif-mutant combinations compared. These results suggest that PIF feedback modulation of phyB abundance does not play a dominant role in modulating the magnitude of the PIF-promoted, shade-responsive phenotype under these conditions. In seedlings grown under diurnal light-dark cycles, the data show that FR-pulse-induced removal of Pfr at the beginning of the dark period (End-of-Day-FR (EOD-FR) treatment) results in longer hypocotyls relative to no EOD-FR treatment and that this effect is attenuated in the pif-mutant combinations tested. This result similarly indicates that the PIF quartet members are capable of intrinsically promoting hypocotyl cell elongation in light-grown plants, independently of the effects of PIF feedback modulation of photoactivated-phyB abundance. C1 [Leivar, Pablo; Cohn, Megan M.; Quail, Peter H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Leivar, Pablo; Cohn, Megan M.; Quail, Peter H.] USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Leivar, Pablo; Monte, Elena] CSIC IRTA UAB UB, CRAG, Dept Mol Genet, Barcelona 08193, Spain. RP Quail, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM quail@berkeley.edu RI Elena, Monte/I-7221-2015; Leivar, Pablo/D-7808-2017 OI Leivar, Pablo/0000-0003-4878-3684 FU Comissionat per a Universitats i Recerca del Departament d'Innovacio; Universitats i Empresa of the Generalitat de Catalunya; Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant [PIRG06-GA-2009-256420]; Spanish "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion" [BIO2006-09254, BIO2009-07675]; Generalitat de Catalunya [2009-SGR-206]; National Institutes of Health [GM-47475]; Department of Energy [DE-FG03-87ER13742]; USDA Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information System [5335-21000-030-00D]; [Marie Curie IRG-046568] FX This work was supported by Comissionat per a Universitats i Recerca del Departament d'Innovacio, Universitats i Empresa fellowship of the Generalitat de Catalunya (Beatriu de Pinos program) and Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant PIRG06-GA-2009-256420 to P.L., by grants Marie Curie IRG-046568, Spanish "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion" BIO2006-09254 and BIO2009-07675, and Generalitat de Catalunya 2009-SGR-206 to E.M. and by National Institutes of Health Grant GM-47475, Department of Energy Grant DE-FG03-87ER13742, and USDA Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information System Grant 5335-21000-030-00D to P.H.Q. NR 58 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1674-2052 J9 MOL PLANT JI Mol. Plant. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 5 IS 3 BP 734 EP 749 DI 10.1093/mp/sss031 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 953RM UT WOS:000304890600021 PM 22492120 ER PT J AU Pan, F Pachepsky, Y Jacques, D Guber, A Hill, RL AF Pan, Feng Pachepsky, Yakov Jacques, Diederik Guber, Andrey Hill, Robert L. TI Data Assimilation with Soil Water Content Sensors and Pedotransfer Functions in Soil Water Flow Modeling SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; MOISTURE PROFILE RETRIEVAL; RETENTION CHARACTERISTICS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; NEAR-SURFACE; SEQUENTIAL ASSIMILATION; TEMPORAL STABILITY; BULK-DENSITY; TIME-SERIES; VARIABILITY AB Soil water flow models are based on simplified assumptions about the mechanisms, processes, and parameters of water retention and flow. That causes errors in soil water flow model predictions. Data assimilation (DA) with the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) corrects modeling results based on measured state variables, information on uncertainty in measurement results and uncertainty in modeling results. The objectives of this work were (i) to evaluate pedotransfer functions (PTFs) as a source of data to generate an ensemble of Richards' equation-based models for the EnKF application to the assimilation of soil water content data and (ii) to research how effective assimilation of soil moisture sensor data can be in correcting simulated soil water content profiles in field soil. Data from a field experiment were used in which 60 two-rod time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes were installed in a loamy soil at five depths to monitor the soil water content. The ensemble of models was developed with six PTFs for water retention and four PTFs for the saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-sat). Measurements at all five depths and at one or two depths were assimilated. Accounting for the temporal stability of water contents substantially decreased the estimated noise in data. Applicability of the Richards' equation was confirmed by the satisfactory calibration results. In absence of calibration and data assimilation, simulations developed a strong bias caused by the overestimation of K-sat from PTFs. Assimilating measurements from a single depth of 15 cm or of 35 cm provided substantial improvements at all other observation depths. An increase in data assimilation frequency improved model performance between the assimilation times. Overall, bringing together developments in pedotransfer functions, temporal stability of soil water patterns, and soil water content sensors can create a new source of data to improve modeling results in soil hydrology and related fields. C1 [Pachepsky, Yakov; Guber, Andrey] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Pan, Feng; Hill, Robert L.] Univ Maryland, Dep Environm Sci & Policy, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jacques, Diederik] Belgian Nucl Res Ctr SCK CEN, Inst Environm Hlth & Safety, BE-2400 Mol, Belgium. RP Pachepsky, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Yakov.Pachepsky@ars.usda.gov RI Jacques, Diederik/C-5887-2009; OI Jacques, Diederik/0000-0001-9393-2963; Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 FU U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission; USDA Agricultural Research Service FX This work was partially supported by the Interagency Agreement between U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and USDA Agricultural Research Service. NR 60 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 76 IS 3 BP 829 EP 844 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0090 PG 16 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 951MQ UT WOS:000304725100009 ER PT J AU Lu, ZQ Wilson, GV AF Lu, Zhiqu Wilson, G. V. TI Acoustic Measurements of Soil Pipeflow and Internal Erosion SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC WAVES; UNSATURATED SOILS; MOISTURE-CONTENT; FREQUENCY RANGE; FLOW; PROPAGATION; VELOCITY; SOUND AB Internal erosion of soil pipes can lead to embankment failures, landslides, and gully erosion. Therefore, non-intrusive methods are needed to detect and monitor soil pipeflow and the resulting internal erosion. This paper presents a laboratory study using both active and passive acoustic techniques to monitor and assess soil pipeflow and internal erosion. A 140 cm long by 100 cm wide soil bed, 25-cm deep contained a single 6 mm diam. soil pipe at 15-cm depth that extended from an upper water reservoir to the lower bed face. The soil pipe was maintained under a constant head of 2 cm and the flow rate and sediment concentration measured at 15 s intervals while measuring soil water pressures at several locations within the bed every 30 s. Acoustic measurements were conducted every 5 s, which consisted of two parts: actively monitoring the acoustic wave propagation at four locations along the soil pipe and passively recording water flow sounds at one location. For active measurements, the phase slope method was employed to measure the P-wave velocity under noisy and dynamic conditions. The study showed that the variation of the P-wave velocity reflected the ongoing internal erosion processes such as the onset of soil pipeflow, the buildup of positive water pressures within the soil pipe, the saturation of soil adjacent to the pipe, the variation of water pressures within and adjacent to the soil pipe as the soil drained following removal of the constant head, and relaxation of the soil. These observations can be analyzed and understood by using the concept of the effective stress and its relationship with the P-wave velocity. For passive measurements, passive signals (including water flow sounds and ambient noises) were recorded by a sensor buried inside the soil and close to the soil pipe. Three signal processing algorithms were applied for the passive signal analysis, which revealed similar temporal characteristic of the water flow sounds. The passive study suggested that soil pipeflow can be identified and assessed from sound levels in terms of time-domain root mean square (TD-RMS) and frequency-domain root mean square (FD-RMS) and from the contrasts of the power spectrum image. C1 [Lu, Zhiqu] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Phys Acoust, University, MS 38677 USA. [Wilson, G. V.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Watershed Phys Proc Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Lu, ZQ (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Phys Acoust, 1 Coliseum Dr, University, MS 38677 USA. EM zhiqulu@olemiss.edu OI Lu, Zhiqu/0000-0002-5747-0455 FU U. S. Department of Agriculture FX This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Agriculture under Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-6408-7-234. The authors wish to express their appreciation to Mr. Alan Hudspeth and Mr. Allen Gregory for their outstanding technical support and to the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station for the use of their facilities in Holly Springs. The first author also would like to thank Craig Hickey for inspiring discussions. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 20 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 76 IS 3 BP 853 EP 866 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0308 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 951MQ UT WOS:000304725100011 ER PT J AU Dangi, SR Stahl, PD Wick, AF Ingram, LJ Buyer, JS AF Dangi, Sadikshya R. Stahl, Peter D. Wick, Abbey F. Ingram, Lachlan J. Buyer, Jeffrey S. TI Soil Microbial Community Recovery in Reclaimed Soils on a Surface Coal Mine Site SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; ORGANIC-MATTER; TOPSOIL; RECLAMATION; BIOMASS; ECOSYSTEM; STORAGE; CARBON; WHEATGRASS; AGGREGATE AB Recovery of belowground microbial community structure is important for reclamation success. In this study, the recovery of soil microbial community structure in cool-season grass dominated and sagebrush dominated reclaimed sites were examined using chronosequences ranging in time following reclamation from < 1 to 26 yr. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis was used to characterize changes in microbial community structure with time. Initial effects of surface mining resulted in reductions of total microbial biomass and diversity, with the greatest influence on saprophytic fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi relative to undisturbed soils. The total concentration of PLFA biomarkers increased after 14 yr in soils established under cool-season grass communities and 5 yr in soils colonized by sagebrush communities. Canonical multivariate analysis of variance indicated that soil microbial communities under reestablished sagebrush were more similar to one another than those under cool-season grasses. In general, microbial biomarkers of reclaimed soils recovered to predisturbance levels within 5 to 14 yr, which indicated that the most important phase of microbial community recovery occurs between 5 and 14 yr after reclamation. C1 [Dangi, Sadikshya R.] USDA ARS, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Dangi, Sadikshya R.] Univ Calif Davis, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Stahl, Peter D.] Univ Wyoming, Dep Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Wick, Abbey F.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Ingram, Lachlan J.] Univ Sydney, Fac Agr Food & Nat Resources, Cobbity, NSW 2570, Australia. [Buyer, Jeffrey S.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dangi, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM Sadikshya.Dangi@ars.usda.gov RI Ingram, Lachlan/E-3529-2013; OI Ingram, Lachlan/0000-0002-4697-9504; Buyer, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2098-0547 FU Abandoned Coal Mine Land Research Program; Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality FX We would like to acknowledge the funding assistance provided by the Abandoned Coal Mine Land Research Program and Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality to conduct this research. We would like to thank Kelli Sutphin, Amy Baker, and Anya Wechsler for assistance with field work and Dr. Jerry Schuman, USDA-ARS, with the site selection. Also, the cooperation of reclamation specialist Laurel Vicklund of Belle Ayr Mine and Chet Skillbred of the Dave Johnston Mine was greatly appreciated. We also appreciated the advice and statistical interpretation provided by Steven Bieber, Snehalata Huzurbazar from the Statistics Department, University of Wyoming, and Michelle Stahl. We are also thankful to Stanley Tesch from the USDA-ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, for his help with PLFA analysis methodology. NR 52 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 70 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 76 IS 3 BP 915 EP 924 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0288 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 951MQ UT WOS:000304725100017 ER PT J AU Miller, J Barton, C Agouridis, C Fogel, A Dowdy, T Angel, P AF Miller, Jarrod Barton, Christopher Agouridis, Carmen Fogel, Alex Dowdy, Teri Angel, Patrick TI Evaluating Soil Genesis and Reforestation Success on a Surface Coal Mine in Appalachia SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ROCK-FORMING MINERALS; FOREST SOIL; PINE; TRANSFORMATIONS; OVERBURDEN; VIRGINIA; GROWTH; RATES AB Surface mining poses a significant threat to the Appalachian region via forest loss and fragmentation. Reclamation methods that utilize heavy grading to prevent landslides and erosion create a compacted landscape that is not suitable for forest establishment or growth. Overburden materials derived from differing geologic strata can exhibit large variation in physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties. Determining which strata should be used for creating a rooting medium for successful reforestation is not well established. Twelve 0.2-ha plots composed of either segregated brown sandstone, gray sandstone, shale, or a sandstone shale mixture (four treatments; n = 3) were created on a surface mine in eastern Kentucky using a low-compaction reclamation method. Each plot was planted with native hardwood tree seedlings following the Forestry Reclamation Approach. After two growing seasons, brown sandstone treatments had four times greater extractable P (Mehlich III) and five times greater total N than the other treatments. This helped contribute to greater tree growth on brown sandstone treatments. Spoil settling was faster in the shale treatments due to the loss of carbonate cements. Clay contents and 2:1 minerals were also greater in the whole soil of the shale treatments, leading to greater plant-available water and a greater cation exchange capacity. Gray sandstone treatments exhibited alkaline conditions (pH = 8.8) that suppressed tree growth. The mixing of brown sandstone and shale overburdens may produce a suitable combination of higher fertility, water holding capacity, and faster settling in reclaimed mine environments. C1 [Barton, Christopher] Univ Kentucky, Dep Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Miller, Jarrod] USDA ARS, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Angel, Patrick] Off Surface Min Reclamat & Enforcement, USDI, London, KY 40741 USA. RP Barton, C (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dep Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM barton@uky.edu OI Miller, Jarrod/0000-0002-5353-233X NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 34 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 76 IS 3 BP 950 EP 960 DI 10.2136/sssaj2010.0400 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 951MQ UT WOS:000304725100020 ER PT J AU Anders, MM Brye, KR Olk, DC Schmid, BT AF Anders, M. M. Brye, K. R. Olk, Dan C. Schmid, Bryan T. TI Rice Rotation and Tillage Effects on Soil Aggregation and Aggregate Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID C-13 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; ORGANIC-MATTER; NO-TILLAGE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; CONVENTIONAL-TILLAGE; CROP-ROTATION; SEQUESTRATION; SYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; QUALITY AB Rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in Arkansas is tillage intensive. Traditional tillage (TT) has been shown to reduce soil quality. The objectives of this study were to assess the impact of IT and no-till (NT) management on soil water-stable aggregate (WSA) content, aggregate C and N concentrations, and aggregate C and N contribution to the bulk soil at two soil depths in seven rotations. For continuous rice or rotations containing rice every second year, total and mean WSA content in the 0- to 5-cm soil layer was greater under NT than TT. There was no difference in total WSA content between soil depths for the TT treatment, with the 5- to 10-cm layer (69 g kg(-1)) numerically greater than the NT 5- to 10-cm layer. Water-stable aggregate content increased when residue-rich crops such as corn (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were included in the rotation and decreased when soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] was grown. The inclusion of wheat as a winter crop in rotation with rice resulted in the greatest bulk soil WSA C and N contents. Including soybean in rotation with rice resulted in reduced bulk soil WSA C and N contents. Bulk soil WSA C and N contents were determined more by the WSA content than the WSA C and N concentration. No-till and increasing the frequency of rice in rotations resulted in greater soil WSA content and subsequent increased C and N content in the bulk soil. C1 [Anders, M. M.] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Brye, K. R.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Olk, Dan C.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Anders, MM (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Hwy 130E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM rrec_manders@futura.net FU Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board; Arkansas Soybean Promotion Board; Arkansas Corn and Sorghum Promotion Board; Arkansas Wheat Promotion Board; University of Arkansas FX This project was supported by the Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board, Arkansas Soybean Promotion Board, Arkansas Corn and Sorghum Promotion Board, Arkansas Wheat Promotion Board, and the University of Arkansas. We would like to express our appreciation to Jared Holtzhauer, Jason Granthom, and David White for their technical assistance with this study. NR 65 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 28 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 76 IS 3 BP 994 EP 1004 DI 10.2136/sssaj2010.0436 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 951MQ UT WOS:000304725100024 ER PT J AU Lentz, RD Lehrsch, GA AF Lentz, Rodrick D. Lehrsch, Gary A. TI Net Nitrogen Mineralization from Past Years' Manure and Fertilizer Applications SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-NITROGEN; DAIRY MANURE; ORGANIC-MATTER; CATTLE MANURE; IN-SITU; AVAILABILITY; AMENDMENTS; WASTES AB The availability of soil N changes in years following a manure application. Experimental plots were established in a southern Idaho calcareous silt loam soil to measure these changes and aid N management in manure-amended soils of the semiarid West. The study's six manure treatments included combinations of two manure rates, Man-1 x (0.31 Mg total N ha(-1)) and Man-3 x (0.97 Mg total N ha(-1)) applied in the fall either 1, 2, or 3 yr previously. Two non-manure treatments were urea fertilizer applied per soil test (Fert) and a control with no amendment. We measured net N mineralization (0-30 cm) in the plots using buried bags in 2006, 2007, and 2009 for sprinklerirrigated crops. This resulted in (i) 2 yr of net N mineralization data for each manure rate applied 1, 2, or 3 yr before measurement, and (ii) 1 yr of data for each manure rate applied 4 or 5 yr previous to the measurement year. A 5-yr decay series for each of the two manure rates was derived from functions fitted to the net N mineralization data, expressed as a fraction of total manure N applied. The decay series (Year 1-Year 5) for the Man-1 x treatment was 0.23, 0.12, 0.10, 0.09, and 0.08, while that for the Man-3 x rate was 0.20, 0.08, 0.05, 0.04, and 0.03. Soil at the 30- to 60-cm depth contributed up to 28% of the total N mineralized in the 0- to 60-cm soil layer of manure-amended soils in the third year after application, with lesser amounts contributed in earlier years due to immobilization. The efficacy of N mineralization processes decreased as the manure application increased, thus using a single decay series to predict N availability across a range of manure application rates could lead to substantial estimation errors. C1 [Lentz, Rodrick D.; Lehrsch, Gary A.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Lentz, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N,3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM rick.lentz@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 22 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 76 IS 3 BP 1005 EP 1015 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0282 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 951MQ UT WOS:000304725100025 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Endale, DM Buyer, JS Stuedemann, JA AF Franzluebbers, A. J. Endale, D. M. Buyer, J. S. Stuedemann, J. A. TI Tall Fescue Management in the Piedmont: Sequestration of Soil Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN PIEDMONT; ENDOPHYTE; PERSISTENCE; PASTURE; POOLS; USA; FERTILIZATION; GRASSLAND; RATES AB High-quality surface-soil characteristics are important for developing environmentally sustainable agroecosystems. We evaluated the factorial combination of fertilization regime (inorganic and broiler litter) and tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.]-endophyte association (free, novel, and wild) with cattle grazing (plus a control treatment of inorganic fertilizer + novel endophyte with haying) on surface soil compaction and soil organic C and total N sequestration during 8 yr of management on a previously degraded Typic Kanhapludult in Georgia. Soil organic C and total N were sequestered with time at all depth intervals to 20 cm (0-3, 3-6, 6-12, and 12-20 cm). At a depth of 0 to 6 cm (surface zone most responsive to management), soil organic C sequestration was (i) greater with grazed than with hayed management (1.36 vs. 0.69 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively), (ii) similar between broiler litter and inorganic fertilization, (iii) similar among endophyte associations, and (iv) similar among zones within a grazed pasture. At a depth of 0 to 20 cm, soil organic C and total N sequestration were not significantly affected by treatment variables, but high mean sequestration rates of 1.51 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1) and 0.126 Mg N ha(-1) yr(-1) during managed grazing of tall fescue in addition to the previous decade of unmanaged herbaceous fallow (implied sequestration rates of 0.76 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1) and 0.062 Mg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) suggests that improved grazing management systems can have an enormous benefit to surface soil fertility restoration of degraded soils in the southeastern United States. C1 [Franzluebbers, A. J.; Endale, D. M.] USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Buyer, J. S.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Stuedemann, J. A.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM alan.franzluebbers@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS; Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-IA02-00ER63021]; Madison County Cattlemen's Association; USDA National Research Initiative [2007-35107-17868] FX This long-term research project has been supported by USDA-ARS (base funding and GRACEnet Project), the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Grant no. DE-IA02-00ER63021, Madison County Cattlemen's Association, and USDA National Research Initiative, Soil Processes Program, Grant no. 2007-35107-17868. We gratefully acknowledge the excellent technical support provided by Steve Knapp, Dwight Seman, Eric Elsner, C.J. O'Mara, Kim Lyness, Amanda Limbaugh, Josh Cown, Stephanie Steed, Kelley Lyness, Carson Pruitt, Zack Schroer, Robert Martin, Robert Sheats, and Stephen Norris. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 33 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 76 IS 3 BP 1016 EP 1026 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0347 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 951MQ UT WOS:000304725100026 ER PT J AU Bronson, KF Wheeler, TA Brown, CM Taylor, RK Scharf, PC Barnes, EM AF Bronson, K. F. Wheeler, T. A. Brown, C. M. Taylor, R. K. Scharf, P. C. Barnes, E. M. TI Use of Nitrogen Calibration Ramps and Canopy Reflectance on Farmers' Irrigated Cotton Fields SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PLAINS; CORN YIELD; MANAGEMENT; SOIL; FERTILIZATION; TECHNOLOGY; VEGETATION; AMMONIUM; RATES; WHEAT AB Nitrogen is the main nutrient limiting irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in the southwestern United States. Canopy spectral reflectance may assess the need for in-season N in irrigated cotton and guide N fertilizer applications. However, calibration of remote sensing indices such as normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) to the crop's need for N fertilizer is difficult. Well-fertilized reference strips or plots reference NDVI data in the crop area of interest but can result in rank growth and reduced lint yields. Recently, Oklahoma State University developed a calibration procedure of using multiple, sequential, N rate calibration plots, or a ramp approach for wheat (Triticum aestivum L) and corn (Zea mays L.). We tested this approach in irrigated cotton fields in Lubbock County, Texas, in 2008 and 2009. The main objective of this research was to test a calibration ramp approach to determining optimum in-season N fertilizer rates in irrigated cotton in West Texas. Near infrared, red, and amber reflectance was measured with active spectroradiometers at 1 m above the canopy. Wide ranges in soil type and irrigation amounts influenced NDVI much more than N fertilizer rate. Normalized difference vegetative index at mid-bloom and at peak bloom were positively related to N fertilizer rate in only one ramp in each year. These two ramp-years also had significant N fertilizer rate response in lint yield. Ramps that did not have mid- or peak bloom NDVI responses to N rate, likewise had no lint yield response to N rate. In both low irrigation- low N input and in high irrigation-high N input farms, in-season NDVI correctly predicted lint yield response to N fertilizer rate. C1 [Bronson, K. F.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Wheeler, T. A.] Texas AgriLife Res, Lubbock Res & Extens Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Brown, C. M.] Texas AgriLife Extens Serv, Lubbock Cty Off, Lubbock, TX 79408 USA. [Taylor, R. K.] OSU Stillwater, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Scharf, P. C.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Barnes, E. M.] Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. RP Bronson, KF (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Ln, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM Kevin.bronson@ars.usda.gov RI Taylor, Randal/C-2313-2017 OI Taylor, Randal/0000-0001-5343-6703 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 76 IS 3 BP 1060 EP 1067 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0344 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 951MQ UT WOS:000304725100030 ER PT J AU Waters, WR AF Waters, W. Ray TI Bovine TB and the 'singleton protocol': reward without risk SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Editorial Material ID TUBERCULOSIS C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Waters, WR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM ray.waters@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON W1M 0AT, ENGLAND SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 170 IS 20 BP 514 EP 515 DI 10.1136/vr.e3435 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 953HH UT WOS:000304857100015 PM 22628282 ER PT J AU Humphries, S Holmes, TP Kainer, K Koury, CGG Cruz, E Rocha, RD AF Humphries, Shoana Holmes, Thomas P. Kainer, Karen Goncalves Koury, Carlos Gabriel Cruz, Edson Rocha, Rosana de Miranda TI Are community-based forest enterprises in the tropics financially viable? Case studies from the Brazilian Amazon SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Community-based forest management; Financial viability; Amazon; Brazil; Participatory research ID TIMBER PRODUCTION; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; IMPACTS AB Community-based forest management is an integral component of sustainable forest management and conservation in the Brazilian Amazon, where it has been heavily subsidized for the last ten years. Yet knowledge of the financial viability and impact of community-based forest enterprises (CFEs) is lacking. This study evaluates the profitability of three CFEs in the Brazilian Amazon: Ambe, an industrial-scale, upland forest operation producing logs in a national forest, in Pars state; ACAF, a small-scale operation in flooded forests producing boards with a portable sawmill in Amazonas state; and Mamiraua, one of 30 CFEs in a reserve in Amazonas state producing logs and boards in flooded forests. Costs for each CFE were compiled by forest management activity and cost type. Annual total costs were calculated as the sum of fixed and variable costs and then subtracted from total revenue to obtain annual profit. The annual rate of return on investment was calculated by dividing profits by total costs. The Ambe and Mamiraua cases were profitable, demonstrating rates of return of approximately 12% and 2%, respectively; the ACAF case was not profitable. This study illustrates the benefits of cost-sharing among CFEs, and the potential return for investments in small and large-scale community forestry. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Humphries, Shoana; Kainer, Karen] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Holmes, Thomas P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Kainer, Karen] Univ Florida, Trop Conservat & Dev Program, Ctr Latin Amer Studies, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Goncalves Koury, Carlos Gabriel] Inst Conservat & Sustainable Dev Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Cruz, Edson] AMBE Project, Santarem, Para, Brazil. [Rocha, Rosana de Miranda] Mamiraua Sustainable Dev Inst, BR-69470000 Tefe, Amazonas, Brazil. RP Humphries, S (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, POB 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM shoana_h@hotmail.com; tholmes@fs.fed.us; kkainer@ufl.edu; carlosgabriel@idesam.org.br; edsonmcruz@hotmail.com; rosana@mamiraua.org.br FU Office of International Programs; USAID Brazil; USDA Forest Service FX The authors thank Michelle Zweede at the Office of International Programs, USDA Forest Service, and USAID Brazil for funding this research, Johan Zweede at Fundacao Floresta Tropical for proposing the field sites, Miriam Montel at the Mamiraua Sustainable Development Institute for facilitating our work with the Mamiraua CFE, the staff of the Mamiraua Sustainable Development Institute and the Ambe Project that participated in the workshops, and the members of ACAF for their contributions to data collection and analysis. We are also grateful to Jack Putz and Claudia Romero for their valuable suggestions on previous drafts of this article, as well as constructive comments from anonymous reviewers. NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 77 BP 62 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.10.018 PG 12 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 949NP UT WOS:000304583200008 ER PT J AU Kim, EO Min, KJ Kwon, TK Um, BH Moreau, RA Choi, SW AF Kim, Eun Ok Min, Kyoung Jin Kwon, Taeg Kyu Um, Byung Hun Moreau, Robert A. Choi, Sang Won TI Anti-inflammatory activity of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives isolated from corn bran in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Raw 264.7 macrophages SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Corn bran; HADs; Cinnamic acids; Phenolic amides; NO; iNOS ID NF-KAPPA-B; NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; FERULIC ACID; INFLAMMATION; POLYPHENOLS; CELLS; COMPONENTS; INOS; AVENANTHRAMIDES; ACTIVATION AB In this study, the effect of the 80% ethanolic extract of corn bran (EECB) on inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells was investigated. The EECB inhibited LPS-induced NO production and iNOS expression in a dose-dependent manner. Four hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (HADs), including two free cinnamic acids, p-coumaric acid (CA) and ferulic acid (FA), and their conjugate phenolic amides, p-dicoumaroylputrescine (DCP) and diferuloylputrescine (OFF), were found to be present in the EECB by LC-MS analysis, and DFP (378.66 mu g/g) was the predominant phenolic compound, followed by DCP (7.83 mu g/g) > CA (5.58 mu g/g) > FA (1.84 mu g/g). The four HADs significantly inhibited NO production and iNOS expression in a dose-dependent manner. Among the four HADs tested, DFP showed the most potent inhibition on NO production and iNOS mRNA and protein expression, followed by DCP > FA >= CA. DFP also exhibited the strongest inhibition on LPS-induced iNOS and NF-kappa B luciferase activity, which was followed by DCP >= FA (CA) > CA (FA). Thus, these results suggest that phenolic amides in the corn bran may be a potential source of natural anti-inflammatory agents. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Eun Ok; Choi, Sang Won] Catholic Univ Daegu, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Gyongsan 712702, South Korea. [Min, Kyoung Jin; Kwon, Taeg Kyu] Keimyung Univ, Dept Immunol, Sch Med, Taegu 700712, South Korea. [Um, Byung Hun] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Funct Food Ctr, Gangneung Inst, Kangnung 210340, South Korea. [Moreau, Robert A.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Choi, SW (reprint author), Catholic Univ Daegu, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Gyongsan 712702, South Korea. EM swchoi@cu.ac.kr RI UM, Albert Byunghun/C-1958-2013; OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 FU Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF); Korea government (MEST) [S2-2008-000-00155-1]; Ministry for Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries [107096-3] FX This study was partly supported by research grants by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) funded by the Korea government (MEST) (No. S2-2008-000-00155-1), and by research grant (107096-3) by Technology Development Program for Agriculture and Forestry, Ministry for Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries. NR 45 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1309 EP 1316 DI 10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.011 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 949JH UT WOS:000304572000018 PM 22366099 ER PT J AU Costa, GGL Cabrera, OG Tiburcio, RA Medrano, FJ Carazzolle, MF Thomazella, DPT Schuster, SC Carlson, JE Guiltinan, MJ Bailey, BA Mieczkowski, P Pereira, GAG Meinhardt, LW AF Costa, Gustavo G. L. Cabrera, Odalys G. Tiburcio, Ricardo A. Medrano, Francisco J. Carazzolle, Marcelo F. Thomazella, Daniela P. T. Schuster, Stephen C. Carlson, John E. Guiltinan, Mark J. Bailey, Bryan A. Mieczkowski, Piotr Pereira, Goncalo A. G. Meinhardt, Lynda W. TI The mitochondrial genome of Moniliophthora roreri, the frosty pod rot pathogen of cacao SO FUNGAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Frosty pod rot; Mitochondrial genome; Mitochondrial plasmids; Moniliophthora perniciosa; Moniliophthora roreri; Witches' broom disease ID WITCHES-BROOM DISEASE; THEOBROMA-CACAO; CAUSAL AGENT; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; PROTEIN EVOLUTION; KALILO PLASMIDS; DNA-SEQUENCES; PERNICIOSA; GENES; FUNGI AB In this study, we report the sequence of the mitochondrial (mt) genome of the Basidiomycete fungus Moniliophthora roreri, which is the etiologic agent of frosty pod rot of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). We also compare it to the mtDNA from the closely-related species Moniliophthora perniciosa, which causes witches' broom disease of cacao. The 94 Kb mtDNA genome of M. roreri has a circular topology and codes for the typical 14 mt genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation. It also codes for both rRNA genes, a ribosomal protein subunit, 13 intronic open reading frames (ORFs), and a full complement of 27 tRNA genes. The conserved genes of M. roreri mtDNA are completely syntenic with homologous genes of the 109 Kb mtDNA of M. perniciosa. As in M. perniciosa, M. roreri mtDNA contains a high number of hypothetical ORFs (28), a remarkable feature that make Moniliophthoras the largest reservoir of hypothetical ORFs among sequenced fungal mtDNA. Additionally, the mt genome of M. roreri has three free invertron-like linear mt plasmids, one of which is very similar to that previously described as integrated into Moniliophthora roreri mtDNA also has a region hypothetical ORFs distributed in both strands. the mtDNA gene encoding DNA polymerase the main M. perniciosa mtDNA molecule. of suspected plasmid origin containing 15 One of these ORFs is similar to an ORF in in Pleurotus ostreatus. The comparison to M. perniciosa showed that the 15 Kb difference in mtDNA sizes is mainly attributed to a lower abundance of repetitive regions in M. roreri (5.8 Kb vs 20.7 Kb). The most notable differences between M. roreri and M. perniciosa mtDNA are attributed to repeats and regions of plasmid origin. These elements might have contributed to the rapid evolution of mtDNA. Since M. roreri is the second species of the genus Moniliophthora whose mtDNA genome has been sequenced, the data presented here contribute valuable information for understanding the evolution of fungal mt genomes among closely-related species. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Costa, Gustavo G. L.; Cabrera, Odalys G.; Tiburcio, Ricardo A.; Medrano, Francisco J.; Carazzolle, Marcelo F.; Thomazella, Daniela P. T.; Pereira, Goncalo A. G.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Lab Genom & Expressao, Dept Genet Evolucao & Bioagentes, Inst Biol, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Carazzolle, Marcelo F.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Ctr Nacl Processamento Alto Desempenho, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Schuster, Stephen C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schuster, Stephen C.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Carlson, John E.] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Carlson, John E.] Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Bioenergy Sci & Technol WCU, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Guiltinan, Mark J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Hort, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bailey, Bryan A.; Meinhardt, Lynda W.] ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Mieczkowski, Piotr] Univ N Carolina, High Throughput Sequencing Facil, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Pereira, GAG (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Lab Genom & Expressao, Dept Genet Evolucao & Bioagentes, Inst Biol, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM goncalo@unicamp.br RI Pereira, Goncalo /B-7944-2012; Cabrera, Odalys/D-2845-2013; de Toledo Thomazella, Daniela/D-2750-2012; Carazzolle, Marcelo Falsarella/C-6503-2012; Costa, Gustavo/B-6312-2009; OI Medrano, Francisco/0000-0002-8185-9751 FU USDA; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2009/50119-9] FX We thank Dr Jorge Mauricio Costa Mondego and Paulo Jose Pereira Lima Teixeira for their review and comments on the article. This work was funded by the USDA and the Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP, process number 2009/50119-9). NR 62 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1878-6146 J9 FUNGAL BIOL-UK JI Fungal Biol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 116 IS 5 BP 551 EP 562 DI 10.1016/j.funbio.2012.01.008 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 948PP UT WOS:000304515400001 PM 22559916 ER PT J AU Kirker, GT Prewitt, ML Schultz, TP Diehl, SV AF Kirker, Grant T. Prewitt, M. Lynn Schultz, Tor P. Diehl, Susan V. TI Community analysis of preservative-treated southern pine (Pinus spp.) using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis. Part 1: Fungal field study SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE fungal community ecology; T-RFLP; wood colonization; wood decay ID DECAY FUNGI; WOOD DECAY; IDENTIFICATION; COLONIZATION; SITES; TOOL AB The effects of chlorothalonil (CTN), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and ammoniacal copper quat (ACQ-C) on the fungal community on southern yellow pine (SYP) were assessed using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis over 15 months. Field stakes, treated with 0.25 and 0.37% ACQ-C, 0.1 and 0.25% CTN, 2% BHT alone, 0.1 and 0.25% CTN combined with 2% BHT, and untreated controls, were installed in two field sites in Mississippi. Stakes were sampled at 90-day intervals and rated for decay damage. Fungal DNA was extracted and amplified by non-specific (total fungi) and specific (Basidiomycete) primers and processes for T-RFLP. alpha-Diversity (richness and diversity) and beta-diversity (similarity between communities) were calculated by means of T-RFLP data. The presence of wood preservatives slowed the initial colonization of field stakes by total fungi, resulting in lower richness and diversity that increased over time; however, preservatives increased the richness and diversity of Basidiomycetes. The beta-diversity of treated samples was less similar in the early stages of exposure (3-9 months), but coalesced over time into equilibrium communities that were similar to communities on untreated controls. Basidiomycete species compositions were different among treated samples while control communities shared more than 75% of their species. Correlations were found between depletion of 0.1% CTN and increasing fungal diversity, but no other significant correlations were found. C1 [Prewitt, M. Lynn; Schultz, Tor P.; Diehl, Susan V.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. [Kirker, Grant T.] US Forest Serv, Madison, WI USA. RP Diehl, SV (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, POB 9820, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. EM sdiehl@cfr.msstate.edu OI Kirker, Grant/0000-0001-6073-6624 FU Wood Utilization Research Program; State of Mississippi FX The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of Linda Sites, Katie Jenkins, Justin McDonald, and Yolunda Nabors. Funding was provided by the Wood Utilization Research Program and the State of Mississippi. This article has been approved for publication as Journal Article FP614 of the Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 13 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PD MAY PY 2012 VL 66 IS 4 BP 521 EP 527 DI 10.1515/HF.2011.171 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 947XK UT WOS:000304467600015 ER PT J AU Kirker, GT Prewitt, ML Diehl, WJ Diehl, SV AF Kirker, Grant T. Prewitt, M. Lynn Diehl, Walter J. Diehl, Susan V. TI Community analysis of preservative-treated southern pine (Pinus spp.) using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis. Part 2: Bacteria field study SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE ammoniacal copper quat (ACQ-C); bacteria community ecology; butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT); chlorothalonil (CTN); T-RFLP; wood colonization; wood decay ID WATERLOGGED ARCHAEOLOGICAL WOOD; DEGRADATION; SOILS; BIODEGRADATION; DIVERSITY; ATTACK; DECAY; RNA AB The effects of wood preservatives on the bacterial community in southern yellow pine were assessed by the molecular method 'terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism' (T-RFLP). Stakes, treated with 0.25% and 0.37% ammoniacal copper quat (ACQ-C), 0.1% and 0.25% chlorothalonil (CTN), 0.1% and 0.25% CTN with 2% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and 2% BHT were installed with untreated controls in two field test sites in Mississippi and sampled every 90 days. Bacterial DNA was amplified by means of general 16S rDNA primers. Community data were analyzed to determine the effects of test site, exposure (above or below ground), treatment concentrations, and exposure time on the bacterial communities inhabiting the field stakes. Wood preservatives altered the bacterial communities, which fluctuated in numbers and composition over time. Initial exposure to CTN changed the pattern of species that colonized the stakes, and the bacterial communities did not become more similar to controls after CTN depletion. Bacterial communities on untreated controls were the most similar to each other and changed the least over time. Preservative treatment led to greater population turnover and increased diversity by creating a more unstable bacterial environment, which prevented these communities from reaching equilibrium. Although preservative treatment led to changes over time, there were still many shared species within and between the untreated controls and the different preservative treatments. C1 [Prewitt, M. Lynn; Diehl, Susan V.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. [Kirker, Grant T.] US Forest Serv, Madison, WI USA. [Diehl, Walter J.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. RP Diehl, SV (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, POB 9820, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. EM sdiehl@cfr.msstate.edu OI Kirker, Grant/0000-0001-6073-6624 FU Wood Utilization Research program; State of Mississippi FX The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of Linda Sites, Katie Jenkins, Justin McDonald, and Yolunda Nabors. Funding was provided by the Wood Utilization Research program and the State of Mississippi. This article has been approved for publication as Journal Article FP612 of the Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PD MAY PY 2012 VL 66 IS 4 BP 529 EP 535 DI 10.1515/HF.2011.172 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 947XK UT WOS:000304467600016 ER PT J AU Grasela, JJ McIntosh, AH Ringbauer, J Goodman, CL Carpenter, JE Popham, HJR AF Grasela, James J. McIntosh, Arthur H. Ringbauer, Joseph, Jr. Goodman, Cynthia L. Carpenter, James E. Popham, Holly J. R. TI Development of cell lines from the cactophagous insect: Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and their susceptibility to three baculoviruses SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE Cactoblastis cactorum; Cactus moth; Cell line; Cactophagous; Prickly pear cactus; Opuntia spp. ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; NORTH-AMERICA; POLYHEDROSIS; VIRUSES; RANGE; MOTH; BERG; DNA AB The unintentional introduction of the cactus moth, Cactoblastis cactorum, a successful biological control agent formerly employed in the control of invasive prickly pear cactus species (Opuntia spp.) in Australia, Hawaii, South Africa, and various Caribbean islands, has posed great concern as to the possible threat to native, endangered species of cactus in the southeastern USA as well as with the potential to cause a major infestation of commercial and agricultural cactus crops in Mexico. A number of control measures have been investigated with varying degrees of success including, field exploration for cactus moth-specific parasitoids, insecticides, fungal, bacterial, and nematode agents. Current tactics used by the USA-Mexico binational program to eradicate cactus moth from Mexico and mitigate its westward movement in the USA include host plant removal, the manual removal and destruction of egg sticks and infected cacti stems, and the Sterile Insect Technique. One other approach not taken until now is the development of a cactus moth cell line as a tool to facilitate the investigation of baculoviruses as an alternative biocontrol method for the cactus moth. Consequently, we established C. cactorum cell lines derived from adult ovarian tissue designated as BCIRL-Cc-AM and BCIRL-Cc-JG. The mean cell population doubling time was 204.3 and 112 h for BCIRL-Cc-AM and BCIRL-Cc-JG, respectively, with weekly medium change, while the doubling time was 176.6 and 192.6 h for BCIRL-Cc-AM and BCIRL-Cc-JG, respectively, with a daily change of medium. In addition, the daily versus weekly change in medium was reflected in the percentage viability with both cell lines showing higher levels with a daily medium change. Of the three baculoviruses tested, only the recombinant AcMNPV-hsp70Red and GmMNPV at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1.0 were able to demonstrate significant production of extracellular virus (ECV) in each of the cell lines, whereas both cell lines were refractive to an HzSNPV challenge at an MOI of 10. In this study, we have demonstrated both the successful development of a C. cactorum cell line and its ability to support a complete baculovirus infection. The potential is also there to pursue further investigations to determine the susceptibility of the cactus moth cell line to other viruses. Additionally, the availability of a cactus moth cell line will facilitate the analysis of viruses prior to using the more expensive bioassay test. Finally, it is hoped with the knowledge presented here that baculoviruses may also be considered as an alternative biocontrol method for the cactus moth. C1 [Grasela, James J.; McIntosh, Arthur H.; Ringbauer, Joseph, Jr.; Goodman, Cynthia L.; Popham, Holly J. R.] USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. [Carpenter, James E.] USDA ARS, CPMRU, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Grasela, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 S Providence Rd,809 S Greenwood Ave Res Pk, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM graselajj@missouri.edu NR 23 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 48 IS 5 BP 293 EP 300 DI 10.1007/s11626-012-9496-x PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 949XY UT WOS:000304612600005 PM 22580906 ER PT J AU Parikh, DV Nam, S He, QL AF Parikh, Dharnidhar V. Nam, Sunghyun He, Qingliang TI Evaluation of three flame retardant (FR) grey cotton blend nonwoven fabrics using micro-scale combustion calorimeter SO JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Flame retardant (FR) grey cotton; fire barrier; fire blocker; 16 CFR 1633; HRR; PHRR; THR AB Unbleached (grey or greige) cotton nonwoven fabrics (with 12.5% polypropylene scrim) were treated with three phosphate-nitrogen-based flame retardant formulations and evaluated with micro-scale combustion calorimeter. Heat release rate, peak heat release rate, temperature at peak heat release rate, heat release capacity, total heat release and char yield were determined. The peak heat release rate and total heat release results demonstrated that nonwoven fabrics treated with a formulation having higher diammonium phosphate and no dimethylol dihydroxyethyleneurea were superior to those treated with a formulation containing dimethylol dihydroxyethyleneurea. Nonwoven fabrics treated with these formulations were both superior to the nonwoven fabrics treated with a commercially available flame retardant formulation. These results were supported by the percentages of phosphorus and nitrogen on these fabrics, confirming that P-N synergism imparts high flame retardancy to the nonwoven fabrics. Grey cotton (untreated) consistently showed better flame resistance than (untreated) bleached cotton. As a result, its flame retardant products had lower heat release rate/peak heat release rate and other flammability characteristics than those of the bleached cotton. Additionally, grey cotton is softer than bleached cotton and saves the cost of bleaching and waste disposal. These three flame retardant formulations were used primarily to treat the cotton component of the nonwoven blend to make it flame retardant without flame retardant improvement for the polymer component. C1 [Parikh, Dharnidhar V.; Nam, Sunghyun] ARS, Cotton Chem & Utilizat Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [He, Qingliang] Univ Georgia, Dept Text Merchandising & Interiors, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Parikh, DV (reprint author), ARS, Cotton Chem & Utilizat Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Dharnid.Parikh@ARS.USDA.GOV RI He, Qingliang /B-2979-2014 OI He, Qingliang /0000-0003-1253-8740 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0734-9041 J9 J FIRE SCI JI J. Fire Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 30 IS 3 BP 187 EP 200 DI 10.1177/0734904111432838 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 951JT UT WOS:000304717500001 ER PT J AU Chitko-McKown, C Leymaster, K Heaton, M Clawson, M Harhay, G AF Chitko-McKown, Carol Leymaster, Kreg Heaton, Michael Clawson, Michael Harhay, Gregory TI Reduced OPP susceptibility in naturally exposed lambs with homozygous TMEM154 K35 genotypes. SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 99th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Immunologists CY MAY 04-08, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Immunol C1 [Chitko-McKown, Carol; Heaton, Michael; Clawson, Michael; Harhay, Gregory] ARS, Anim Hlth Res Unit, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. [Leymaster, Kreg] ARS, Genet & Breeding Res Unit, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 188 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 950OX UT WOS:000304659702013 ER PT J AU Dar, P Patch, J Kenney, M Waters, R Glabman, R Kondabattulla, G Golde, W AF Dar, Pervaiz Patch, Jared Kenney, Mary Waters, Ryan Glabman, Raisa Kondabattulla, Ganesh Golde, William TI Analysis of bovine natural killer cell cytotoxicity following activation by pro-inflammatory cytokines SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 99th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Immunologists CY MAY 04-08, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Immunol C1 [Dar, Pervaiz; Patch, Jared; Kenney, Mary; Waters, Ryan; Glabman, Raisa; Golde, William] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Dar, Pervaiz; Kondabattulla, Ganesh] Indian Vet Res Inst, FMD Res Ctr, Bengaluru 560024, India. RI Dar, Pervaiz/F-3596-2016 OI Dar, Pervaiz/0000-0001-6718-7293 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 188 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 950OX UT WOS:000304659702320 ER PT J AU Lillehoj, H Lee, S AF Lillehoj, Hyun Lee, Sung TI Characterization of Chicken Dendritic Cell Markers SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 99th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Immunologists CY MAY 04-08, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Immunol C1 [Lillehoj, Hyun; Lee, Sung] USDA, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 188 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 950OX UT WOS:000304659702321 ER PT J AU Mehta, P Smith, CW AF Mehta, Pooja Smith, C. Wayne TI gamma delta T Cells and diet-induced inflammation in adipose tissue SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 99th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Immunologists CY MAY 04-08, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Immunol C1 [Mehta, Pooja; Smith, C. Wayne] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Immunol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Mehta, Pooja; Smith, C. Wayne] Baylor Coll Med, USDA Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 188 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 950OX UT WOS:000304659702169 ER PT J AU Smyth, K Garcia, K Sun, ZF Tuo, WB Xiao, ZG AF Smyth, Kendra Garcia, Karla Sun, Zhifeng Tuo, Wenbin Xiao, Zhengguo TI Repetitive peptide boosting induces functional memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes of a new phenotype SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 99th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Immunologists CY MAY 04-08, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Immunol C1 [Smyth, Kendra; Garcia, Karla; Sun, Zhifeng; Xiao, Zhengguo] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tuo, Wenbin] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 188 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 950OX UT WOS:000304659701284 ER PT J AU Wang, JP Pae, M Meydani, S Wu, DY AF Wang, Junpeng Pae, Munkyong Meydani, Simin Wu, Dayong TI Green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate modulates differentiation of naive CD4+T cells into specific lineage effector cells SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 99th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Immunologists CY MAY 04-08, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Immunol C1 [Wang, Junpeng; Pae, Munkyong; Meydani, Simin; Wu, Dayong] Tufts Univ, Nutr Immunol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA HNRC Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 188 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 950OX UT WOS:000304659701294 ER PT J AU Wroblewska, J Iweala, O Kline, A Urban, J Nagler, C AF Wroblewska, Joanna Iweala, Onyinye Kline, Austin Urban, Joseph Nagler, Cathryn TI Infection with the helminthic parasite Heligmosomoides bakeri alters B cell function and impairs vaccine induced antibody responses SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 99th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Immunologists CY MAY 04-08, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Immunol C1 [Wroblewska, Joanna; Kline, Austin; Nagler, Cathryn] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Iweala, Onyinye] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Urban, Joseph] ARS, Diet Genom Immunol Lab, USDA, BHNRC, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 188 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 950OX UT WOS:000304659701624 ER PT J AU Rasooly, R Hernlem, B AF Rasooly, Reuven Hernlem, Bradley TI TNF as Biomarker for Rapid Quantification of Active Staphylococcus Enterotoxin A in Food SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE enterotoxin; food poisoning; TNF; immunomagnetic beads ID IN-VITRO; ASSAY; OUTBREAK; AUREUS AB Staphylococcus aureus is a major bacterial pathogen which causes clinical infections and food poisoning. This bacterium produces a group of twenty-one enterotoxins (SEs). These enterotoxins have two separate but related biological activities. They cause gastroenteritis and function as superantigens that activate large numbers of T cells. The current method for detection of enterotoxins activity is an in vivo monkey or kitten bioassay; however, this method is not practical to test on a large number of samples. Several immunological assays have been developed however, but these assays cannot distinguish between active toxin which causes food poisoning and inactive toxin, which can bind antibody, but shows no toxicity. The current study demonstrates that short term ex vivo exposure of primary naive CD4(+) T-cells or splenocytes to SEA induces differential expression and secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) protein. We used immunomagnetic beads coated with anti-SEA antibody to specifically isolate SEA from food. After the eluted toxin was added to the cells SEA biological activity was measured by quantifying TNF protein expression or secretion. C1 [Rasooly, Reuven; Hernlem, Bradley] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Rasooly, R (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM reuven.rasooly@ars.usda.gov; bradley.hernlem@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD MAY PY 2012 VL 12 IS 5 BP 5978 EP 5985 DI 10.3390/s120505978 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 948YE UT WOS:000304539200047 PM 22778626 ER PT J AU Gipson, C AF Gipson, Chester TI A word from USDA RESPONSE SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, APHIS, AC, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Gipson, C (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, AC, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 41 IS 5 BP 120 EP 120 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 934ZN UT WOS:000303486600015 PM 22517087 ER PT J AU Glaz, B Lingle, SE AF Glaz, Barry Lingle, Sarah E. TI Flood Duration and Time of Flood Onset Effects on Recently Planted Sugarcane SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EVERGLADES AGRICULTURAL AREA; WATER-TABLE DEPTH; PERIODIC FLOOD; GAS-TRANSPORT; ORGANIC SOIL; RESPONSES; REGISTRATION; HYPOXIA; SYSTEMS; GROWTH AB Periodically flooding sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) by delaying drainage after rain in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) of Florida improves soil conservation and reduces P discharge to the Everglades, but farmers are concerned that flooding recently planted or recently ratooned sugarcane reduces yields. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of time of flood onset and flood duration on stalk, leaf, and root biomass accretion of two recently planted (plant height similar to 9 cm) sugarcane cultivars. In three pot experiments, flood durations ranged from 0 to 6 wk and flood onsets were after 2 or 4 wk at a 30-cm water-table depth. Five treatments also had a second flood onset during the final 4 or 6 wk of each experiment. Increased flood durations often resulted in declines in biomass explained by linear or quadratic models. Compared with 'CP 89-2143,' leaf and stalk biomasses of 'CP 96-1252' were more tolerant of increasing flood durations, but the opposite was true for root biomass. Sugarcane leaf biomass was reduced more by flood onset following 2 rather than 4 wk at a 30-cm water-table depth, but stalk and root biomasses were similarly reduced by both flood onsets. Although previous results have indicated that well-established sugarcane in its grand-growth phase is tolerant to periodic flooding, our results suggest that the biomass of younger (recently planted) sugarcane is increasingly reduced by flood durations of 0 to 6 wk and that flood onsets after 2 or 4 wk at a 30-cm water-table depth are similarly detrimental. C1 [Glaz, Barry] USDA ARS Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. [Lingle, Sarah E.] USDA ARS, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Glaz, B (reprint author), USDA ARS Sugarcane Field Stn, US Highway 441, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM barry.glaz@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 104 IS 3 BP 575 EP 583 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0351 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 944WD UT WOS:000304233600003 ER PT J AU Teasdale, JR Mirsky, SB Spargo, JT Cavigelli, MA Maul, JE AF Teasdale, John R. Mirsky, Steven B. Spargo, John T. Cavigelli, Michel A. Maul, Jude E. TI Reduced-Tillage Organic Corn Production in a Hairy Vetch Cover Crop SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NO-TILLAGE; PLANTING DATE; WEED-CONTROL; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; CRITICAL PERIOD; ROLLER-CRIMPER; SWEET CORN; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; SOIL AB There is interest in developing no-tillage systems for organic farming; however, potential limitations include the inability to control weeds and to provide sufficient crop available N. A 3-yr field experiment was conducted on organically certified land to explore roller-crimper technology for terminating a hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) cover crop in a reduced-tillage compared to a disk-tillage organic corn (Zea mays L.) production system in Maryland. Within this tillage comparison, factors including the corn planting date and post-plant cultivation were examined for optimizing reduced-tillage organic corn production. Corn yield in roll-killed hairy vetch treatments where corn was planted by mid-June and that received high-residue cultivation was similar or higher than the best treatments with disk-killed hairy vetch. Delayed corn planting dates had little impact on corn yield in either disk- or roll-killed treatments, a result consistent with the similarity in weed biomass after cultivation, fertility, moisture, and radiation across planting dates. In 2 yr with supplemented weed populations, weed biomass was the major driver determining corn yield, which was reduced by 53 to 68% relative to weed-free control plots in the absence of post-plant cultivation, and by 21 to 28% with post-plant cultivation. In a year with low, natural weed populations, weeds had no significant influence on yield. These results demonstrate that organic corn production in a reduced-tillage roll-killed cover crop system can provide similar yields to those in a traditional tillage-based system, but also highlight the importance of maintaining low weed populations to optimize corn yield. C1 [Teasdale, John R.; Mirsky, Steven B.; Spargo, John T.; Cavigelli, Michel A.; Maul, Jude E.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Teasdale, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM john.teasdale@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 42 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 104 IS 3 BP 621 EP 628 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0317 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 944WD UT WOS:000304233600008 ER PT J AU Landers, GW Thompson, AL Kitchen, NR Massey, RE AF Landers, Greg W. Thompson, Allen L. Kitchen, Newell R. Massey, Ray E. TI Comparative Breakeven Analysis of Annual Grain and Perennial Switchgrass Cropping Systems on Claypan Soil Landscapes SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; PRODUCTIVITY; MANAGEMENT; YIELD; CORN; BIOENERGY; BIOFUELS; RUNOFF; ENERGY; MODEL AB The Central Claypan region is an important agricultural production contributor in the U.S. Midwest. Because of the tendency for grain yield fluctuations caused by water stress, however, claypan soils may have potential for conversion from grain to grass production in support of biomass energy markets and conservation programs. This study examined the economic potential of transitioning from grain to perennial switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) production on claypan soils using comparative breakeven analysis. Partial budgets for a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation and a perennial switchgrass cropping system were developed. Yield data from research plots with varying topsoil depths defined by the underlying claypan layer were used to establish yield expectations as affected by topsoil depth. Switchgrass yield projections for the claypan region were simulated with the Agricultural Land Management Alternatives with Numerical Assessment Criteria (ALMANAC) model. Comparative breakeven prices for two switchgrass cultivars ranged from US$65 on marginal, eroded soils to US$124 Mg-1 on soils with >27 cm of topsoil. Breakeven yields with a biomass price of US$40 Mg-1 would require yield increases of up to 450% for lower yielding cultivars. The switchgrass cultivar Kanlow holds the most promise for biomass production on claypan soils; with an average projected yield of 12.56 Mg ha(-1), breakeven prices fall to around US$60-80 Mg-1 for marginal soils with <15 cm of topsoil. Based on these projections, perennial switchgrass shows potential to compete with conventional grain crops at reasonable yield levels on eroded soils in the Central Claypan region. C1 [Kitchen, Newell R.] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Thompson, Allen L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Landers, Greg W.] TRC Solut, Eureka, MO 63025 USA. [Massey, Ray E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Agr Econ, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kitchen, NR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM KitchenN@missouri.edu NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 104 IS 3 BP 639 EP 648 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0229 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 944WD UT WOS:000304233600010 ER PT J AU Liang, XZ Xu, M Gao, W Reddy, KR Kunkel, K Schmoldt, DL Samel, AN AF Liang, Xin-Zhong Xu, Min Gao, Wei Reddy, K. Raja Kunkel, Kenneth Schmoldt, Daniel L. Samel, Arthur N. TI A Distributed Cotton Growth Model Developed from GOSSYM and Its Parameter Determination SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE MODEL; WATER PRODUCTIVITY; CROSS-VALIDATION; VEGETATION MODEL; SIMULATION-MODEL; UNITED-STATES; MAIZE YIELD; NITROGEN; LAND; TEMPERATURE AB Prediction of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production under a changing climate requires a coupled modeling system that represents climate-cotton interactions. The existing cotton growth model GOSSYM has drawbacks that prohibit its effective coupling with climate models. We developed a geographically distributed cotton growth model from the original GOSSYM and optimized it for coupling with the regional Climate-Weather Research Forecasting model (CWRF). This included software redesign, physics improvement, and parameter specification for consistent coupling of CWRF and GOSSYM. Through incorporation of the best available physical representations and observational estimates, the long list of inputs in the original GOSSYM was reduced to two parameters, the initial NO3 amount in the top 2 m of soil and the ratio of irrigated water amount to potential evapotranspiration. The geographic distributions of these two parameters are determined by optimization that minimizes model errors in simulating cotton yields. The result shows that the redeveloped GOSSYM realistically reproduces the geographic distribution of mean cotton yields in 30-km grids, within +/- 10% of observations across most of the U.S. Cotton Belt, whereas the original GOSSYM overestimated yields by 27 to 135% at the state level and 92% overall. Both models produced interannual yield variability with comparable magnitude; however, the temporal correspondence between modeled and observed interannual anomalies was much more realistic in the redeveloped than the original GOSSYM because significant (P = 0.05) correlations were identified in 87 and 40% of harvest grids, respectively. The redeveloped GOSSYM provides a starting point for additional improvements and applications of the coupled CWRF-GOSSYM system to study climate-cotton interactions. C1 [Liang, Xin-Zhong] Univ Maryland, Dep Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liang, Xin-Zhong] Univ Illinois, Dep Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Liang, Xin-Zhong; Xu, Min] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liang, Xin-Zhong; Xu, Min] Univ Illinois, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, Div Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Gao, Wei] USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gao, Wei] Colorado State Univ, Dep Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Reddy, K. Raja] Mississippi State Univ, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Schmoldt, Daniel L.] USDA, Natl Inst Food & Agr, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Samel, Arthur N.] Bowling Green State Univ, Dep Geog, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP Liang, XZ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dep Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM xliang@umd.edu RI Gao, Wei/O-1208-2013; Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016; OI Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047; Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755; Xu, Min/0000-0003-3443-0300 FU USDA; Colorado State University [USDA-CREES-2009-34263-19774, G-1449-1, USDA-NIFA-2010-34263-21075, G-1470-3, USDA-NRI-2008-35615-04666, G-1469-3] FX This study benefited from constructive discussions with Carl J. Bernacchi on crop modeling. We thank David Kristovich for valuable comments on the manuscript. This research was mainly supported by the USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program, Colorado State University, USDA-CREES-2009-34263-19774 (subawards to the University of Illinois, G-1449-1), USDA-NIFA-2010-34263-21075 (subawards to the University of Maryland, G-1470-3), and USDA-NRI-2008-35615-04666 (subawards to the University of Maryland, G-1469-3). The modeling was conducted on the National Center for Supercomputing Applications facility. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the sponsoring agencies or the affiliating institutions of the authors. NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 104 IS 3 BP 661 EP 674 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0250 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 944WD UT WOS:000304233600012 ER PT J AU Liang, XZ Xu, M Gao, W Reddy, KR Kunkel, K Schmoldt, DL Samel, AN AF Liang, Xin-Zhong Xu, Min Gao, Wei Reddy, K. Raja Kunkel, Kenneth Schmoldt, Daniel L. Samel, Arthur N. TI Physical Modeling of US Cotton Yields and Climate Stresses during 1979 to 2005 SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CROSS-VALIDATION; GROWTH; MODIS; PRECIPITATION; PREDICTIONS; SIMULATIONS; REFLECTANCE; RESPONSES; ENSEMBLE; WATER AB Climate variability and changes affect crop yields by causing climatic stresses during various stages of the plant life cycle. A crop growth model must be able to capture the observed relationships between crop yields and climate stresses before its credible use as a prediction tool. This study evaluated the ability of the geographically distributed cotton growth model redeveloped from GOSSYM in simulating U.S. cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yields and their responses to climate stresses during 1979 to 2005. Driven by realistic climate conditions, the model reproduced long-term mean cotton yields within +/- 10% of observations at the 30-km model resolution across virtually the entire U.S. Cotton Belt and correctly captured the critical dependence of their geographic distributions on regional climate characteristics. Significant correlations between simulated and observed interannual variations were found across 87% of the total harvest grids. The model also faithfully represented the predictive role of July to August air temperature and August to September soil temperature anomalies on interannual cotton yield changes on unirrigated lands, with a similar but weaker predictive signal for irrigated lands as observed. The modeled cotton yields exhibited large, positive correlations with July to August leaf area index. These results indicate the model's ability to depict the regional impact of climate stresses on cotton yields and suggest the potential predictive value of satellite retrievals. They also provide a baseline reference for further model improvements and applications in the future study of climate-cotton interactions. C1 [Liang, Xin-Zhong] Univ Maryland, Dep Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liang, Xin-Zhong] Univ Illinois, Dep Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Liang, Xin-Zhong; Xu, Min] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liang, Xin-Zhong; Xu, Min] Univ Illinois, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, Div Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Gao, Wei] USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gao, Wei] Colorado State Univ, Dep Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Reddy, K. Raja] Mississippi State Univ, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Schmoldt, Daniel L.] USDA, Natl Inst Food & Agr, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Samel, Arthur N.] Bowling Green State Univ, Dep Geog, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP Liang, XZ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dep Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM xliang@umd.edu RI Gao, Wei/O-1208-2013; Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016; OI Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047; Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755; Xu, Min/0000-0003-3443-0300 FU USDA; Colorado State University [USDA-CSREES-2009-34263-19774, G-1449-1, USDA-NIFA-2010-34263-21075, G1470-3, USDA-NRI-2008-35615-04666, G-1469-3] FX This study benefited from constructive discussions with CarlJ. Bernacchi on crop modeling. We thank David Kristovich for valuable comments on the manuscript. This research was mainly supported by the USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program, Colorado State University, USDA-SREES-2009-34263-19774 (subawards to the University of Illinois, G-1449-1), USDA-NIFA-2010-34263-21075 (subawards to the University of Maryland, G1470-3), and USDA-NRI-2008-35615-04666 (subawards to the University of Maryland, G-1469-3). The modeling was conducted at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications facility. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the sponsoring agencies or the affiliating institutions of the authors. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 104 IS 3 BP 675 EP 683 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0251 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 944WD UT WOS:000304233600013 ER PT J AU Brennan, EB Boyd, NS AF Brennan, Eric B. Boyd, Nathan S. TI Winter Cover Crop Seeding Rate and Variety Affects during Eight Years of Organic Vegetables: I.Cover Crop Biomass Production SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WEED SUPPRESSION; PLANTING ARRANGEMENT; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; SOIL; SYSTEMS; GROWTH; YIELD; CORN; NITRATE AB Long-term research on cover crops (CC) is needed to design optimal rotations. Winter CC shoot dry matter (DM) of rye (Secale cereale L.), legume-rye, and mustard was determined in December to February or March during the first 8 yr of the Salinas Organic Cropping Systems trial focused on high-value crops in Salinas, CA. By seed weight, legume-rye included 10% rye, 35% faba (Vicia faba L.), 25% pea (Pisum sativum L.), and 15% each of common vetch (V sativa L.) and purple vetch (V. henghalensis L.); mustard included 61% Sinapis alba L. and 39% Brassica juncea Czern. Cover crops were fall-planted at 1x and 3x seeding rates (SR); 1x SR were 90 (rye), 11 (mustard), and 140 (legume-rye) kg ha(-1). Vegetables followed CC annually. Cover crop densities ranged from 131 to 854 plants m(-2) and varied by CC, SR, and year. Year, CC, and SR affected DM production, however, the effects varied across the season and interactions occurred. Averaged across years, final DM was greater in rye and legume-rye (7 Mg ha(-1)) than mustard (5.6 Mg ha(-1)), and increased with SR through January. Dry matter production through the season was correlated significantly with growing degree days (GDD). Legumes contributed 27% of final legume-rye DM. Season-end legume DM was negatively correlated with GDD at 30 d, and legume DM in the 3x SR increased during years with frequent late-season rainfall. Seed costs per Mg of final CC DM at 1x SR were approximately three times higher for legume-rye than rye and mustard. C1 [Brennan, Eric B.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Boyd, Nathan S.] Nova Scotia Agr Coll, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada. RP Brennan, EB (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM eric.brennan@ars.usda.gov FU University of California FX The authors thank Patrick Headley, Cristal Cisneros, Joel Thomas, Adriana Marquez, Jared Burchard, and Jose Rico for laboratory assistance; Geraldo Ochoa, David Lara, and Jim Leap for assistance with planting the cover crops; David Lara, Jose Orozco, and Jim Leap for assistance with harvesting and incorporating covers crops; and Bruce Mackey for statistical assistance. The first 2.5 yr of this study was partially funded by a grant from the University of California Specialty Crops Research Program. We appreciate the input on the design of the trial from Michael Calm, Steve Fennimore, Howard Ferris, Laura Tourte, and Richard Smith. We also thank the Community Alliance with Family Farmers for establishing agreements with the USDA-ARS to facilitate the collaborations with local organic farms. NR 45 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 9 U2 41 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 104 IS 3 BP 684 EP 698 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0330 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 944WD UT WOS:000304233600014 ER PT J AU Dabney, SM Yoder, DC AF Dabney, S. M. Yoder, D. C. TI Improved Descriptions of Herbaceous Perennial Growth and Residue Creation for RUSLE2 SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FERTILIZED GRASS SWARDS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; GRAZING SYSTEMS; TISSUE TURNOVER; CROP GROWTH; MODEL; NITROGEN; DYNAMICS; PASTURE AB Earlier versions of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, version 2 (RUSLE2) calculated vegetative residue production only during periods of canopy decline or in response to management operations. This resulted in underestimation of residue amounts and overestimation of soil erosion from pasture and hay lands. To solve this problem, new vegetation routines were implemented in RUSLE2. These modifications were designed to better reflect the amount of residue added by perennial vegetation during its growth and to make it is easier to model haying and grazing scenarios. The new routines were based on the assumption that all unharvested aboveground biomass growth will die after its life span is reached, and this biomass will be added to a standing residue pool. Trained specialists can define the characteristics of a vegetation assemblage in terms of total annual potential production under good management, monthly production percentages reflecting expected fertility and irrigation levels, average vegetation lifespan, maximum canopy height, cutting height for optimal yield, and the tendency of the vegetation to thicken at lower heights (form a sod) in response to repeated defoliations. Users will specify actual harvest management and an underlying model predicts plant growth responses in terms of the amount of harvested forage and the amount of above- and belowground residues returned to the soil. The USDA-NRCS is developing extensive databases so that the new version of RUSLE2 will allow erosion estimates to be a factor considered as part of forage and grazing planning. C1 [Dabney, S. M.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Yoder, D. C.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dabney, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM seth.dabney@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 104 IS 3 BP 771 EP 784 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0356 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 944WD UT WOS:000304233600024 ER PT J AU Sigua, GC Williams, M Grabowski, J Chase, C Kongchum, M AF Sigua, G. C. Williams, M. Grabowski, J. Chase, C. Kongchum, M. TI Effect of Flooding Duration and Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield and Protein Content of Three Forage Species SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VIRGINICUS L KUNTH; WATERLOGGING DAMAGE; PASPALUM-DILATATUM; PLANTS; SOIL; RESPONSES; TOLERANCE; SURVIVAL; SHOOT; SUBMERGENCE AB Increasing the availability and improving the quality of surface water in south Florida by temporarily flooding previously drained pastureland is one of the goals of Northern Everglades Restoration Initiative. Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Fluegge) is one of the most important forage grasses in the region and although tolerant to short-term flooding, bahiagrass is classified as a facultative upland (FACU+) species that suggest dry matter production and plant persistence might be reduced under periods of extended waterlogging. A 2-yr greenhouse study was conducted in 2008 and 2009 to determine the effect of flooding duration on dry matter yield (DMY) and crude protein content (CPC) of bahiagrass compared to two flooding tolerant forages, limpograss (Hemarthria altissima Poir), and maidencane (Panicum hematomon Schult) and to determine if N fertilization could be used to mitigate flooding effects. Dry matter production and CPC levels varied with flooding durations (P <= 0.001) and levels of N fertilization (P <= 0.001). Averaged across flooding duration and levels of N, limpograss had the greatest dry matter yield of 11.6 t ha(-1) followed by maidencane (8.6 t ha(-1)) and bahiagrass (8.5 t ha(-1)) while bahiagrass had the highest CPC of 6.9% followed by maidencane (6.0%) and limpograss (3.7%). The overall yield response of the three forage species: bahiagrass (R-2 = limpograss (R-2 = 0.93**); and maidencane (R-2 = 0.99**) were linearly related to increasing levels of N fertilization. Crude protein contents of three forage species: bahiagrass (R-2 = 0.97**), limpograss (R-2 = 0.99**), and maidencane (R2 = 0.87** were also linearly related to increasing levels of N fertilization. Averaged across forage species, dry matter yield of forages fertilized with 200 kg N ha(-1) with no flooding were statistically comparable with plants that were fertilized with 200 kg N ha(-1) and flooded for 84 d. Our results support our hypothesis that the negative impact of flooding could be mitigated by N fertilization. C1 [Sigua, G. C.; Chase, C.] ARS, USDA, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. [Williams, M.; Grabowski, J.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. [Kongchum, M.] Louisiana State Univ, Dep Agron & Environm Management, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Sigua, GC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM gilbert.sigua@ars.usda.gov RI Kongchum, Manoch/H-8595-2012 NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 104 IS 3 BP 791 EP 798 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0364 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 944WD UT WOS:000304233600026 ER PT J AU Brennan, EB Boyd, NS AF Brennan, Eric B. Boyd, Nathan S. TI Winter Cover Crop Seeding Rate and Variety Affects during Eight Years of Organic Vegetables: II. Cover Crop Nitrogen Accumulation SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CATCH CROPS; PLANTING ARRANGEMENT; SCLEROTINIA-MINOR; WEED SUPPRESSION; BIOMASS YIELD; SWEET CORN; SYSTEMS; RYE; MANAGEMENT; SOIL AB Winter cover crops (CC) can improve nutrient use efficiency by scavenging residual soil N. Shoot nitrogen accumulation (NA) of rye (Secale cereale L.), legume-rye, and mustard was determined in December to February or March during the first 8 yr of the Salinas Organic Cropping Systems (SOCS) trial focused on high-value crops in Salinas, CA. By seed weight, legume-rye included 10% rye, 35% faba bean (Vicia faba L.), 25% pea (Pisum sativum L.), 15% common vetch (V sativa L.), and 15% purple vetch (V. bengha-lensis L.); mustard included 61% Sinapis alba L., and 39% Brassica juncea Czern. Cover crops were fall planted at 1x and 3x seeding rates (SR); 1x SR were 90 (rye), 11 (mustard), and 140 (legume-rye) kg ha(-1). Vegetables followed CC annually. Early-season NA was greatest in mustard. Nitrogen accumulation increased more gradually through the season in legume-rye than in other CC. Final NA (kg ha(-1)) was lower in rye (110) and mustard (114), than legume-rye (151), and varied by year. During December, SR increased NA in legume-rye by 41% but not for the other CC. Legumes contributed 36% of final NA in legume-rye, presumably from N scavenging and biological fixation. Nitrogen accumulation was highly correlated with shoot dry matter of legume-rye but not of rye or mustard. Seed costs per kg of NA were more than two times higher for legume-rye than rye and mustard. We conclude that high SR are necessary to hasten early season NA and minimize N leaching potential in legume-rye mixtures. C1 [Brennan, Eric B.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Boyd, Nathan S.] Nova Scotia Agr Coll, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada. RP Brennan, EB (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM eric.brennan@ars.usda.gov FU University of California FX The authors thank Patrick Headley, Cristal Cisneros, Joel Thomas, Adriana Marquez, Jared Burchard, and Jose Rico for laboratory assistance; Geraldo Ochoa, David Lara, and Jim Leap for assistance with planting the cover crops; David Lara, Jose Orozco, and Jim Leap for assistance with harvesting and incorporating covers crops; and Bruce Mackey for statistical assistance. The first 2.5 yr of this study was partially funded by grant from the University of California Speciality Crops Research Program. We appreciate the input on the design of the trial from Micheal Cahn, Steve Fennimore, Howard Ferris, Laura Tourte, and Richard Smith. We also thank the Community Alliance with Family Farmers for establishing agreements with the USDA-ARS to facilitate the collaborations with local organic farms. NR 47 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 40 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 104 IS 3 BP 799 EP 806 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0331 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 944WD UT WOS:000304233600027 ER PT J AU Cassida, KA Foster, JG Gonzalez, JM Zobel, RW Sanderson, MA AF Cassida, K. A. Foster, J. G. Gonzalez, J. M. Zobel, R. W. Sanderson, M. A. TI Available Soil Phosphorus Affects Herbage Yield and Stand Persistence in Forage Chicory SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CICHORIUM-INTYBUS L.; GRASSLANDS PUNA CHICORY; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; ALFALFA YIELD; MINERAL-COMPOSITION; GRAZING MANAGEMENT; CULTIVARS; PRODUCTIVITY; POTASSIUM; FERTILIZATION AB Low available soil P (ASP) may contribute to poor productivity of forage chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). The effect of ASP on forage yield and stand loss was evaluated over two harvest years for three chicory cultivars ('Puna', 'Forage Feast', 'Lacerta') at sites with low [West Virginia (WV), Gilpin silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludults)] or high [Pennsylvania (PA), Hagerstown silt loam (fine, mixed, semiactive, mesic, Typic Hapludalfs)] ASP. Low (LP), medium (MP), and high (HP) ASP treatments averaged 6, 27, and 41 mg kg(-1) of Bray-P for LP, MP, and HP in WV, and 30 and 41 mg kg(-1) for MP and HP in PA. Across all data, critical soil P for 95% of maximum dry matter yield (DMY) was approximately 30 mg kg(-1) of Bray-P. Cumulative DMY of all cultivars increased with soil Bray-P in the first year after planting, but in the second year, only Forage Feast DMY increased with soil Bray-P. Cumulative DMY declined 45, 69, and 89% from the first to second year after planting for Puna, Forage Feast, and Lacerta, respectively. Across cultivars and time, stand density increased 12% as ASP increased from LP to MP, but medium to high ASP was associated with stand decline via increased bolting of Lacerta and frost heaving of Forage Feast. Across cultivars and sites, stand densities of less than 50 plants m(-2) in September predicted poor cumulative DMY in the following year. Phosphorus fertilization improved overall forage chicory DMY and persistence when ASP was low, but may contribute to bolting, heaving, and stand loss at high ASP. C1 [Cassida, K. A.; Foster, J. G.; Gonzalez, J. M.; Zobel, R. W.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. [Sanderson, M. A.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Cassida, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM kacassida@ars.usda.gov NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 104 IS 3 BP 807 EP 816 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0318 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 944WD UT WOS:000304233600028 ER PT J AU Gokulakrishnan, G Estrada, IJ Sosa, HA Fiorotto, ML AF Gokulakrishnan, Ganga Estrada, Irma J. Sosa, Horacio A. Fiorotto, Marta L. TI In utero glucocorticoid exposure reduces fetal skeletal muscle mass in rats independent of effects on maternal nutrition SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE protein synthesis; protein degradation; fetal growth; food intake; placenta; programming ID INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION; PROTEIN-TURNOVER; BIRTH-WEIGHT; GLUCOSE-INTOLERANCE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RECEPTOR EXPRESSION; UBIQUITIN LIGASES; BODY-COMPOSITION; PRENATAL STRESS; C2C12 MYOTUBES AB Gokulakrishnan G, Estrada IJ, Sosa HA, Fiorotto ML. In utero glucocorticoid exposure reduces fetal skeletal muscle mass in rats independent of effects on maternal nutrition. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 302: R1143-R1152, 2012. First published March 14, 2012; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00466.2011.-Maternal stress and undernutrition can occur together and expose the fetus to high glucocorticoid (GLC) levels during this vulnerable period. To determine the consequences of GLC exposure on fetal skeletal muscle independently of maternal food intake, groups of timed-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 7/group) were studied: ad libitum food intake (control, CON); ad libitum food intake with 1 mg dexamethasone/l drinking water from embryonic day (ED)13 to ED21 (DEX); pair-fed (PF) to DEX from ED13 to ED21. On ED22, dams were injected with [H-3]phenylalanine for measurements of fetal leg muscle and diaphragm fractional protein synthesis rates (FSR). Fetal muscles were analyzed for protein and RNA contents, [3H] phenylalanine incorporation, and MuRF1 and atrogin-1 (MAFbx) mRNA expression. Fetal liver tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) expression was quantified to assess fetal exposure to GLCs. DEX treatment reduced maternal food intake by 13% (P < 0.001) and significantly reduced placental mass relative to CON and PF dams. Liver TAT expression was elevated only in DEX fetuses (P < 0.01). DEX muscle protein masses were 56% and 70% than those of CON (P < 0.01) and PF (P < 0.05) fetuses, respectively; PF muscles were 80% of CON (P < 0.01). Muscle FSR decreased by 35% in DEX fetuses (P < 0.001) but were not different between PF and CON. Only atrogin-1 expression was increased in DEX fetus muscles. We conclude that high maternal GLC levels and inadequate maternal food intake impair fetal skeletal muscle growth, most likely through different mechanisms. When combined, the effects of decreased maternal intake and maternal GLC intake on fetal muscle growth are additive. C1 [Gokulakrishnan, Ganga; Estrada, Irma J.; Sosa, Horacio A.; Fiorotto, Marta L.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Fiorotto, ML (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM martaf@bcm.edu FU National Institutes of Health NIAMS [AR46308]; USDA/ARS/CSREES [6250-51000-043] FX These studies were supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health NIAMS, AR46308 and USDA/ARS/CSREES, 6250-51000-043 (M.L.F.). NR 74 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 302 IS 10 BP R1143 EP R1152 DI 10.1152/ajpregu.00466.2011 PG 10 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 946KB UT WOS:000304349400002 PM 22422665 ER PT J AU Marchant-Forde, JN Matthews, DL Poletto, R McCain, RR Mann, DD DeGraw, RT Hampsch, JM Peters, S Knipp, GT Kissinger, CB AF Marchant-Forde, J. N. Matthews, D. L. Poletto, R. McCain, R. R. Mann, D. D. DeGraw, R. T. Hampsch, J. M. Peters, S. Knipp, G. T. Kissinger, C. B. TI Plasma cortisol and noradrenalin concentrations in pigs: automated sampling of freely moving pigs housed in the PigTurn (R) versus manually sampled and restrained pigs SO ANIMAL WELFARE LA English DT Article DE animal welfare; blood sampling; cortisol; noradrenalin; pigs; restraint ID DOMESTIC PIG; DAIRY-COWS; HEART-RATE; BLOOD; STRESS; INDICATORS; HORMONE; WELFARE; SWINE; SOWS AB Minimising the effects of restraint and human interaction on the endocrine physiology of animals is essential for collection of accurate physiological measurements. Our objective was to compare stress-induced cortisol (CORT) and noradrenalin (NorA) responses in automated Vs manual blood sampling in pigs. A total of 16 pigs (30 kg) were assigned to either: (i) automated blood sampling via an indwelling catheter, using a novel-penning system called PigTurn (R) which detects the pig's rotational movement and responds by counter-rotating, allowing free movement while preventing catheter twisting; (ii) automated sampling while exposed to visual and auditory responses of manually sampled pigs; or (iii) manual sampling by jugular venipuncture while pigs were restrained in dorsal recumbency. During sampling of (i), personnel were not permitted in the room; samplings of (ii) and (iii) were performed simultaneously in the same room. Blood samples were collected every 20 min for 120 min and measured for CORT (ng ml(-1)) using mass spectrometry and NorA (pg ml(-1)) using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Effects of treatment and time were computed with mixed models adjusted by Tukey post hoc. CORT and NorA concentrations were lowest in group (i) followed by group (ii), which were not different. However, CORT and NorA levels in manually sampled animals (iii) were highest compared to automated methods (i) and (ii). Plasma concentrations across time were not different for CORT, but NorA concentration at time 0 min was higher than at 120 min. The presence of visual and auditory stimuli evoked by manual sampled animals did not affect non-handled pigs' responses. Restraint and manual sampling of pigs can be extremely stressful while the automated blood sampling of freely moving pigs, housed in the PigTurn (R) was significantly less stressful for the animals. C1 [Marchant-Forde, J. N.; Poletto, R.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Matthews, D. L.] Purdue Univ, Lab Anim Program, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Poletto, R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [McCain, R. R.; Mann, D. D.; DeGraw, R. T.; Hampsch, J. M.; Peters, S.] BASi, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Knipp, G. T.] Purdue Univ, Dept Ind & Phys Pharm, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kissinger, C. B.] Phlebotics Inc, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Poletto, R.] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, LETA PGA CCA, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. RP Marchant-Forde, JN (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Jeremy.marchant-forde@ars.usda.gov RI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/A-7616-2009 OI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/0000-0002-5287-2914 FU Indiana 21st Century Research and Technology Fund [118]; National Center for Research Resources of the NIH [R44RR022489] FX This work was supported by Indiana 21st Century Research and Technology Fund Grant #118 and Grant Number R44RR022489 from the National Center for Research Resources of the NIH. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Center for Research Resources or the National Institutes of Health. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 26 PU UNIV FEDERATION ANIMAL WELFARE PI WHEATHAMPSTEAD PA OLD SCHOOL, BREWHOUSE HILL, WHEATHAMPSTEAD AL4 8AN, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 0962-7286 J9 ANIM WELFARE JI Anim. Welf. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP 197 EP 205 DI 10.7120/09627286.21.2.197 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 944SD UT WOS:000304223200006 ER PT J AU Chilson, PB Frick, WF Kelly, JF Howard, KW Larkin, RP Diehl, RH Westbrook, JK Kelly, TA Kunz, TH AF Chilson, Phillip B. Frick, Winifred F. Kelly, Jeffrey F. Howard, Kenneth W. Larkin, Ronald P. Diehl, Robert H. Westbrook, John K. Kelly, T. Adam Kunz, Thomas H. TI PARTLY CLOUDY WITH A CHANCE OF MIGRATION Weather, Radars, and Aeroecology SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BAT TADARIDA-BRASILIENSIS; NOCTURNAL BIRD MIGRATION; FREE-TAILED BATS; DOPPLER RADAR; SURVEILLANCE RADAR; UNITED-STATES; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; POPULATION TRENDS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ECONOMIC VALUE AB Radar observations provide a valuable means of investigating questions about ecology, abundance, and airborne movement of animals over large spatial and temporal domains, and play an important role in the transdisciplinary field of aeroecology. C1 [Chilson, Phillip B.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Frick, Winifred F.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Howard, Kenneth W.] NOAA, Norman, OK USA. [Larkin, Ronald P.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Diehl, Robert H.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Westbrook, John K.] ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX USA. [Kelly, T. Adam] DeTect Inc, Panama City, FL USA. [Kunz, Thomas H.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Chilson, PB (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM chilson@ou.edu RI Kelly, Jeffrey/B-2029-2015 OI Kelly, Jeffrey/0000-0002-8255-7990 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Severe Storms Laboratory [NA08OAR4320904]; National Science Foundation [EIA-0326483, DBI-0905881, IOS-0541740, EPS-0919466]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0415, FA9550-10-1-0442] FX We are grateful to Kara Bolognini, Paul A. Heady III, Fanxing Kong, Benjamin J. O'Neal, Danny Scipion, and Ryan Shipley for their valuable assistance during the collection and processing of data presented in this paper. We also appreciate the value inputs provided by three anonymous reviewers. PBC was funded in part through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Severe Storms Laboratory Grant NA08OAR4320904. THK received support from the National Science Foundation (Grant EIA-0326483) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grants FA9550-09-1-0415, FA9550-10-1-0442). WFF was supported by the National Science Foundation through Grant DBI-0905881. JFK was supported by National Science Foundation Grants IOS-0541740 and EPS-0919466. Steve Parker provided access to his property for operation of the NO-XP near Frio Cave. Bain Walker provided access to the Frio Cave property. NR 107 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 35 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 93 IS 5 BP 669 EP 686 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00099.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 946MA UT WOS:000304354500006 ER PT J AU Voelker, SL Noirot-Cosson, PE Stambaugh, MC McMurry, ER Meinzer, FC Lachenbruch, B Guyette, RP AF Voelker, Steven L. Noirot-Cosson, Paul-Emile Stambaugh, Michael C. McMurry, Erin R. Meinzer, Frederick C. Lachenbruch, Barbara Guyette, Richard P. TI Spring temperature responses of oaks are synchronous with North Atlantic conditions during the last deglaciation SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE Bolling-Allerod; bur oak; Great Plains; USA; Holocene; phenology; Pleistocene; Pre-Boreal; Quercus macrocarpa; radiocarbon; wood anatomy; xylem; Younger Dryas ID CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; HIGH-RESOLUTION RECORD; GREAT-LAKES REGION; DRYAS COLD EVENT; LOW-LEVEL JET; YOUNGER-DRYAS; ELEVATED CO2; HEMISPHERE TEMPERATURES; RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION; ARCHAEOLOGICAL WOOD AB Paleoclimate proxies based on the measurement of xylem cell anatomy have rarely been developed across the temperature range of a species or applied to wood predating the most recent millennium. Here we describe wood anatomy-based proxies for spring temperatures in central North America from modern bur oaks (Quercus macrocarpa Michx.). The strong coherence of temperature signals across the species range supports the use of these proxies across thousands of years of climatic change. We also used 79 subfossil oak log cross sections from northern Missouri, C-14-dated to 9.9-13.63 ka (ka is 1000 cal yr BP), to assess the frequency of oak deposition into alluvial sediments and a subset of these oaks for a wood anatomy-based reconstruction of spring paleotemperatures. Temperatures during the Younger Dryas cold period (YD) were up to 3.5 degrees C lower than modern temperatures for that region, equivalent to or lower than those experienced at the northern edge of the modern species range. Compared to extant oaks growing at much higher [CO2], subfossil oaks had greater vessel frequencies. Besides very low theoretical (or estimated) xylem conductivity near the beginning of the oak record near 13.6 ka, vessel frequencies greater than modern trees compensated for reduced vessel dimensions so that theoretical xylem conductivity was consistently above that of modern trees at the cold northern sites. Significant correlations were found between the frequency of C-14-dated oaks and either delta O-18 from the NGRIP (North Greenland Ice Core Project) ice core or from the Cariaco grayscale marine-sediment record from the southern Caribbean sea. Oak deposition into alluvial sediments during the YD was significantly lower than expected given the average sample depth of oaks from 9.9 to 13.6 ka. Reduced oak deposition during the YD suggests that an abrupt shift in climate reduced oak populations across the region and/or changed the rates of channel movement across drainages. C1 [Voelker, Steven L.] So Oregon Univ, Dept Biol, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. [Noirot-Cosson, Paul-Emile; Lachenbruch, Barbara] Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Stambaugh, Michael C.; McMurry, Erin R.; Guyette, Richard P.] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Meinzer, Frederick C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Voelker, SL (reprint author), So Oregon Univ, Dept Biol, 1250 Siskiyou Blvd, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. EM voelkerst@sou.edu RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; Voelker, Steven/O-2909-2014 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0743882, ATM-0601884] FX We thank the numerous student workers for helping process samples and the private landowners who granted us permission to access subfossil wood samples. We appreciate the technical assistance provided by Lara Laubli. We also thank Gary Brundige for permission to collect samples at Custer State Park. Eric Grimm and one anonymous reviewer provided valuable comments and insight that improved this manuscript. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation grant nos. DEB-0743882 and ATM-0601884. NR 117 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 25 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 82 IS 2 BP 169 EP 187 DI 10.1890/11-0848.1 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 946RG UT WOS:000304370800002 ER PT J AU Mascaro, J Hughes, RF Schnitzer, SA AF Mascaro, Joseph Hughes, R. Flint Schnitzer, Stefan A. TI Novel forests maintain ecosystem processes after the decline of native tree species SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE biodiversity-ecosystem function paradigm; diversity-productivity relationship; new forests; no-analog communities; novel ecosystems ID NUTRIENT-USE EFFICIENCY; TROPICAL DRY FOREST; LEAF LIFE-SPAN; PLANT DIVERSITY; PUERTO-RICO; PRIMARY SUCCESSION; PRODUCTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS; EUROPEAN GRASSLANDS; BIOLOGICAL INVASION; GLOBAL CHANGE AB The positive relationship between species diversity (richness and evenness) and critical ecosystem functions, such as productivity, carbon storage, and nutrient cycling, is often used to predict the consequences of extinction. At regional scales, however, plant species richness is mostly increasing rather than decreasing because successful plant species introductions far outnumber extinctions. If these regional increases in richness lead to local increases in diversity, a reasonable prediction is that productivity, carbon storage, and nutrient cycling will increase following invasion, yet this prediction has rarely been tested empirically. We tested this prediction in novel forest communities dominated by introduced species (similar to 90% basal area) in lowland Hawaiian rain forests by comparing their functionality to that of native forests. We conducted our comparison along a natural gradient of increasing nitrogen availability, allowing for a more detailed examination of the role of plant functional trait differences (specifically, N-2 fixation) in driving possible changes to ecosystem function. Hawaii is emblematic of regional patterns of species change; it has much higher regional plant richness than it did historically, due to >1000 plant species introductions and only; 71 known plant extinctions, resulting in an similar to 100% increase in richness. At local scales, we found that novel forests had significantly higher tree species richness and higher diversity of dominant tree species. We further found that aboveground biomass, productivity, nutrient turnover (as measured by soil-available and litter-cycled nitrogen and phosphorus), and belowground carbon storage either did not differ significantly or were significantly greater in novel relative to native forests. We found that the addition of introduced N-2-fixing tree species on N-limited substrates had the strongest effect on ecosystem function, a pattern found by previous empirical tests. Our results support empirical predictions of the functional effects of diversity, but they also suggest basic ecosystem processes will continue even after dramatic losses of native species diversity if simple functional roles are provided by introduced species. Because large portions of the Earth's surface are undergoing similar transitions from native to novel ecosystems, our results are likely to be broadly applicable. C1 [Mascaro, Joseph; Schnitzer, Stefan A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Hughes, R. Flint] US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Schnitzer, Stefan A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Mascaro, J (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jmascaro@stanford.edu OI Schnitzer, Stefan/0000-0002-2715-9455 FU National Science Foundation; Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant [DEB-0808498]; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (UWM); USDA Forest Service Institute for Pacific Islands Forestry FX We thank A. Uowolo, G. Sanchez, K. Nelson-Kaula, N. Crabbe, M. Kaeske, J. Brown, R. McDowell, and C. McFadden for laboratory and field assistance; P. Hart, K. Carlson, N. Zimmerman, S. Cordell, and other USFS-IPIF and USGS-BRD personnel for contributing vegetation data; and J. Baldwin for assisting in analyses. The collection of below-ground data was made possible by the University of Hawai'i Pacific Internship Program for Exploring Science. G. Asner, R. Laungani, K. McElligott, and two anonymous reviewers commented on a previous draft of the manuscript, which also benefited from insightful discussion with A. Lugo, J. Kellner, C. Farrior, E. Marris, R. MacKenzie, C. Giardina, T. Varga, N. Lasca, J. Karron, and E. Young, as well as participants of a workshop on novel ecosystems at the Ecological Society of America meeting in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 2008. This research was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship to J. Mascaro, a Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant to S. A. Schnitzer, R. F. Hughes, and J. Mascaro (DEB-0808498), a University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (UWM) Golda Meir Library Scholar Award to J. Mascaro, and a UWM Graduate Fellowship to J. Mascaro. Additional funding and logistical support was provided by the USDA Forest Service Institute for Pacific Islands Forestry. NR 112 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 13 U2 151 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 82 IS 2 BP 221 EP 238 DI 10.1890/11-1014.1 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 946RG UT WOS:000304370800005 ER PT J AU Druzhinina, IS Komon-Zelazowska, M Ismaiel, A Jaklitsch, W Mullaw, T Samuels, GJ Kubicek, CP AF Druzhinina, Irina S. Komon-Zelazowska, Monika Ismaiel, Adnan Jaklitsch, Walter Mullaw, Temesgen Samuels, Gary J. Kubicek, Christian P. TI Molecular phylogeny and species delimitation in the section Longibrachiatum of Trichoderma SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hypocrea; Speciation; Genealogical concordance; Phylogeny; 4x Rule; Biogeography ID HYPOCREA-JECORINA; GENUS TRICHODERMA; STRATEGIES; REVISION; COMPLEX; FUNGUS; REESEI; IDENTIFICATION; RECOGNITION; GENEALOGIES AB The phylogenetically most derived group of the genus Trichoderma - section Longibrachiatum, includes some of the most intensively studied species, such as the industrial cellulase producer T. reesei (teleomorph Hypocrea jecorina), or the facultative opportunistic human pathogens T. longibrachiatum and H. orientails. At the same time, the phylogeny of this clade is only poorly understood. Here we used a collection of 112 strains representing all currently recognized species and isolates that were tentatively identified as members of the group, to analyze species diversity and molecular evolution. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses based on several unlinked loci in individual and concatenated datasets confirmed 13 previously described species and 3 previously recognized phylogenetic species all of which were not yet described formally. When the genealogical concordance criterion, the K/theta method and comparison of frequencies of pairwise nucleotide differences were applied to the data sample, 10 additional new phylogenetic species were recognized, seven of which consisted only of a single lineage. Our analysis thus identifies 26 putative species in section Longibrachiatum, what doubles the currently estimated taxonomic diversity of the group, and illustrates the power of combining genealogical concordance and population genetic analysis for dissecting species in a recently diverged group of fungal species. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Druzhinina, Irina S.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Chem Engn, Microbiol Grp, Res Area Biotechnol & Microbiol, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. [Komon-Zelazowska, Monika] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Chem Engn, Austrian Inst Ind Biotechnol ACIB GmBH, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. [Ismaiel, Adnan; Samuels, Gary J.] ARS, USDA, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Jaklitsch, Walter] Univ Vienna, Fac Ctr Biodivers, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. RP Druzhinina, IS (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Chem Engn, Microbiol Grp, Res Area Biotechnol & Microbiol, Gumpendorferstr 1A, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. EM druzhini@mail.zserv.tuwien.ac.at RI Jaklitsch, Walter/B-4970-2013 FU Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P-19340-MOB, P-17859, P22081-B17] FX This work was supported partly by Austrian Science Fund (FWF): P-19340-MOB to C.P.K., P-17859 to I.S.D. and P22081-B17 to W.M.J. We express our thanks to Farida Alimova and Rezeda Tukhbatova (Kazan State University, Kazan, Russia) for the gift of isolate C.P.K. 1707, to Katja Fisch (University of Bonn, Bonn, FRG) for the gift of isolates C.P.K. 3406 and C.P.K. 3412, and to George Szakacs (Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary) for the gift of isolate TUB 2543. The help of Benigno Aquino with PCR amplification is warmly appreciated. NR 60 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 49 IS 5 BP 358 EP 368 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2012.02.004 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 944XS UT WOS:000304237700002 PM 22405896 ER PT J AU Brummel, RF Nelson, KC Jakes, PJ AF Brummel, Rachel F. Nelson, Kristen C. Jakes, Pamela J. TI Burning through organizational boundaries? Examining inter-organizational communication networks in policy-mandated collaborative bushfire planning groups SO GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS LA English DT Article DE Inter-organizational networks; Wildland fire planning; Communication networks; Mandated collaboration; Collaborative planning; Bush Fire Management Committees ID NATURAL-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; UNITED-STATES; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; WILDFIRE POLICY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GOVERNANCE; FIRE; SCALE; COMANAGEMENT AB Collaboration can enhance cooperation across geographic and organizational scales, effectively "burning through" those boundaries. Using structured social network analysis (SNA) and qualitative in-depth interviews, this study examined three collaborative bushfire planning groups in New South Wales, Australia and asked: How does participation in policy-mandated collaboration affect bushfire communication networks amongst organizational representatives? Inter-organizational communication networks became more active, less centralized, and more closely connected during planning than they had been prior. However, efforts to institutionalize collaboration were intrinsically biased towards placing administrative power and influence in public agencies. Further, collaborative planning groups did not maintain "during planning" levels of network activity and structure after planning was completed. In one case, the mandated planning process had a negative impact on inter-agency communication networks. Contextual aspects such as group size, history of inter-organizational conflict and fire occurrence, and process management were important in the development of inter-organizational networks. Though communication diminished after planning was completed, participation in the collaborative planning effort may serve as an important basis for the continuation of inter-organizational relationships beyond the scope of the planning process. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brummel, Rachel F.; Nelson, Kristen C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Nelson, Kristen C.] Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN USA. [Jakes, Pamela J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. RP Brummel, RF (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 115 Green Hall,1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM brumm043@umn.edu RI cetintas, buluthan/L-3567-2016 FU Australian-American Fulbright Commission; Mark & Judy Yudof Fellowship; University of Minnesota Graduate School; University of Minnesota Consortium on Law and Values in Health, the Environment, and Life Sciences; University of Minnesota; University of Minnesota Department of Forest Resources; Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industry Research Organization (CSIRO); New South Wales Rural Fire Service FX We would like to thank the funders who were critical to supporting this research, including the Australian-American Fulbright Commission, the Mark & Judy Yudof Fellowship, the University of Minnesota Graduate School's Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship, the University of Minnesota Consortium on Law and Values in Health, the Environment, and Life Sciences, the University of Minnesota Conservation Biology Program, and the University of Minnesota Department of Forest Resources. We are also grateful to institutional and research support provided by the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industry Research Organization (CSIRO) and the New South Wales Rural Fire Service. Additional thanks go to Susan Galatowitsch and Carissa Schively Slotterback for their comments on previous drafts and to David Knoke for his assistance in early stages of research design. Further, the authors are grateful to Alison Slaats for lending her GIS and map-making skills to the paper. Comments of anonymous reviewers also improved this manuscript. Finally, we are indebted to the bushfire planning participants from the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area, the Illawarra, and Snowy-Monaro for sharing their time and their experiences. NR 68 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 7 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-3780 J9 GLOBAL ENVIRON CHANG JI Glob. Environ. Change-Human Policy Dimens. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 22 IS 2 BP 516 EP 528 DI 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.12.004 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA 945QC UT WOS:000304290100021 ER PT J AU Ogbuji, K McCutcheon, GS Simmons, AM Snook, ME Harrison, HF Levi, A AF Ogbuji, Kelechi McCutcheon, Gloria S. Simmons, Alvin M. Snook, Maurice E. Harrison, Howard F. Levi, Amnon TI Partial Leaf Chemical Profiles of a Desert Watermelon Species (Citrullus colocynthis) and Heirloom Watermelon Cultivars (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; RESISTANCE; ACID AB Whiteflies [Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)] and aphids [Aphis gossypii Glover and Myzus persicae (Sulzer)] are serious threats to watermelon by direct feeding and by transmitting viruses of important virus diseases. The desert watermelon Citrullus colocynthis (L.) has been shown to exhibit resistance to these insect pests and could be a useful source for breeding resistance into watermelon [Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus (Thunbs) Matsum & Nakai]. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we found differences among the chemical profiles of two U.S. Pis of C. colocynthis, one PI of C. lanatus var. citroides, and two heirloom watermelon (C. lanatus var. lanatus) cultivars ('Charleston Gray' and 'Mickey Lee'). Flavonoid and caffeic acid derivatives were identified in the leaf extracts by a combination of ultraviolet (UV) and mass spectrometry (MS) spectral analyses. Four phenolic derivatives of caffeic and/or ferulic acid were found to be essentially unique to C. colocynthis. Total flavonoid content was found to be approximately four to 18 times higher in C. colocynthis accessions and seven to nine times higher in C. lanatus var. citroides as compared with watermelon cultivars. Caffeoyl-glucose was also identified in the leaves of watermelon cultivars for the first time. Leaf sugar concentrations (198 to 211 mg.dL(-1)), read from a glucometer, were statistically the same among the various germplasm entries. These results will help in the development of pest-resistant watermelon. C1 [Ogbuji, Kelechi; McCutcheon, Gloria S.] Claflin Univ, Dept Biol, Orangeburg, SC 29115 USA. [Simmons, Alvin M.; Harrison, Howard F.; Levi, Amnon] ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Snook, Maurice E.] ARS, USDA, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP McCutcheon, GS (reprint author), Claflin Univ, Dept Biol, 400 Magnolia St, Orangeburg, SC 29115 USA. EM gmccutcheon@claflin.edu NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD MAY PY 2012 VL 47 IS 5 BP 580 EP 584 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 948JA UT WOS:000304498300004 ER PT J AU Strik, BC Clark, JR Finn, CE Buller, G AF Strik, Bernadine C. Clark, John R. Finn, Chad E. Buller, Gil TI Management of Primocane-fruiting Blackberry: Impacts on Yield, Fruiting Season, and Cane Architecture SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RED RASPBERRY; TEMPERATURE; COMPONENTS; PHOTOPERIOD; CULTIVARS; GROWTH AB Primocane management systems were compared for 'Prime-Jan'(R) and 'Prime-Jim'(R) primocane-fruiting blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus, Watson), grown in a field planting in Aurora, OR. Treatments studied were: 1) no manipulation of primocanes (untipped; no floricanes); 2) untipped primocanes growing in the presence of floricanes; 3) untipped primocanes grown with rowcover in late winter to early spring; and 4) primocanes "soft-tipped" at 1 m to encourage branching. Date of primocane first bloom and cane height at bloom were unaffected by cultivar and were only affected by primocane management in 2005. The number of growing degree-days to first bloom ranged from 1272 to 1390 depending on year. Primocane management did not affect ovule or drupelet number per berry or percent drupelet set. 'Prime-Jim' had more drupelets and greater weight per berry in 2005 than 'Prime-Jan'. Fruit harvested earlier in the season had more ovules and drupelets than later harvested fruit in 2004. Primocanes that grew in the presence of floricanes were longer and bloomed later but did not differ in yield from untipped canes grown only for a primocane crop. Use of rowcover in 2005 advanced bloom and harvest, improving yield 73% compared with untipped control canes. Soft-tipping primocanes increased yield 114% to 150% compared with untipped canes (5.6 vs. 2.4 t.ha(-1)) through increasing branch and node number per cane and percentage of fruiting nodes; soft-tipping did not delay harvest. Yield/cane was negatively correlated with the number of fruiting canes/plot but positively correlated with branches/cane, total branch and cane length, number of nodes and percent fruiting nodes, fruit/cane, and berry weight. The proportion of fruiting nodes was greater on branches than on the main cane illustrating the importance of managing this type of blackberry to increase branch number for high yield. C1 [Strik, Bernadine C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Clark, John R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Hort, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Finn, Chad E.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Buller, Gil] N Willamette Res & Extens Ctr, Aurora, OR 97002 USA. RP Strik, BC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, 4017 ALS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM strikb@hort.oregonstate.edu FU Oregon Raspberry and Blackberry Commission; Agricultural Research Foundation FX We appreciate research funding support provided by the Oregon Raspberry and Blackberry Commission and the Agricultural Research Foundation and the assistance provided by Ellen Thompson in the second year of this study. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD MAY PY 2012 VL 47 IS 5 BP 593 EP 598 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 948JA UT WOS:000304498300007 ER PT J AU Banados, MP Strik, BC Bryla, DR Righetti, TL AF Pilar Banados, M. Strik, Bernadine C. Bryla, David R. Righetti, Timothy L. TI Response of Highbush Blueberry to Nitrogen Fertilizer During Field Establishment, I: Accumulation and Allocation of Fertilizer Nitrogen and Biomass SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ACTINIDIA-DELICIOSA VINES; RABBITEYE BLUEBERRY; SOIL; GROWTH; FATE; (15)NITROGEN; ERICACEAE; CULTURE; PLANT; YIELD AB The effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application on plant growth, N uptake, and biomass and N allocation in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. 'Bluecrop') were determined during the first 2 years of field establishment. Plants were either grown without N fertilizer after planting (0N) or were fertilized with 50, 100, or 150 kg.ha(-1) of N (50N, 100N, 150N, respectively) per year using N-15-depleted ammonium sulfate the first year (2002) and non-labeled ammonium sulfate the second year (2003) and were destructively harvested on 11 dates from Mar. 2002 to Jan. 2004. Application of 50N produced the most growth and yield among the N fertilizer treatments, whereas application of 100N and 150N reduced total plant dry weight (DW) and relative uptake of N fertilizer and resulted in 17% to 55% plant mortality. By the end of the first growing season in Oct. 2002, plants fertilized with 50N, 100N, and 150N recovered 17%, 10%, and 3% of the total N applied, respectively. The top-to-root DW ratio was 1.2, 1.6, 2.1, and 1.5 for the 0N, 50N, 100N, and 150N treatments, respectively. By Feb. 2003, 0N plants gained 1.6 g/plant of N from soil and pre-plant N sources, whereas fertilized plants accumulated only 0.9 g/plant of N from these sources and took up an average of 1.4 g/plant of N from the fertilizer. In Year 2, total N and dry matter increased from harvest to dormancy in 0N plants but decreased in N-fertilized plants. Plants grown with 0N also allocated less biomass to leaves and fruit than fertilized plants and therefore lost less DW and N during leaf abscission, pruning, and fruit harvest. Consequently, by Jan. 2004, there was little difference in DW between 0N and 50N treatments; however, as a result of lower N concentrations, 0N plants accumulated only 3.6 g/plant (9.6 kg-ha(-1)) of N, whereas plants fertilized with 50N accumulated 6.4 g/plant (17.8 kg.ha(-1)), 20% of which came from N-15 fertilizer applied in 2002. Although fertilizer N applied in 2002 was diluted by non-labeled N applications the next year, total N derived from the fertilizer (NDFF) almost doubled during the second season, before post-harvest losses brought it back to the starting point. C1 [Pilar Banados, M.; Strik, Bernadine C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pilar Banados, M.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Fruiticultura & Enol, Santiago 30622, Chile. [Bryla, David R.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Righetti, Timothy L.] Univ Guam, UOG Stn, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. RP Strik, BC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, 4017 ALS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM strikb@hort.oregonstate.edu NR 35 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD MAY PY 2012 VL 47 IS 5 BP 648 EP 655 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 948JA UT WOS:000304498300017 ER PT J AU Scagel, CF Lee, J AF Scagel, Carolyn F. Lee, Jungmin TI Phenolic Composition of Basil Plants Is Differentially Altered by Plant Nutrient Status and Inoculation with Mycorrhizal Fungi SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PURPUREA L. MOENCH; SWEET BASIL; ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES; SECONDARY METABOLITES; NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS; PHOSPHORUS-NUTRITION; MINERAL ACQUISITION; SEASONAL-VARIATION; METHYL JASMONATE; MEDICINAL HERBS AB Four cultivars of basil (Ocimum basilican: L. 'Cinnamon', 'Siam Queen', 'Sweet Dani', and 'Red Rubin') were inoculated or not with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), Rhizophagus (formerly Omits) intraradices (Schenck & Smith) Walker & Schussler and grown with a fertilizer containing either 64 mg.L-1 phosphorus (P) (low P) or 128 mg.L-1 P (high P) to assess whether 1) P availability and inoculation with AMF influences the phenolic composition of basil; and 2) treatment effects on phenolic composition are related to plant nutrient status. Growth, root colonization by AMF, anthocyanins, total phenolics, specific polyphenolics, and mineral nutrients were measured after 16 weeks of growth. Non-inoculated plants were not colonized by AMF. AMF colonization of inoculated plants was not influenced by P rate. Increased P rate and AMF inoculation increased biomass. Increased P rate enhanced (increased concentration and content) P and calcium (Ca) uptake and AMF inoculation enhanced nitrogen (N), potassium (K), sulfur (S), boron (B), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) uptake. Increased or decreased uptake (content) of other nutrients between P rates and AMF treatments were related to differences in biomass (e.g., similar or lower concentration). Treatment effects on phenolic accumulation were related to the effects of P rate and AMF on 1) plant growth; 2) nutrient uptake; and 3) other factors not directly related to measured differences in nutrient uptake or plant growth. Differences between treatments in rosmarinic acid, the predominant polyphenolic produced by all cultivars, were related to the effects of P rate and AMF on plant growth. Both increased P rate and AM F inoculation enhanced production (increased concentration and content) of chicoric acid and caffeic acid derivative. Increased P rate and inoculation with AMF differentially enhanced production of several other minor polyphenolics resulting in plants with different polyphenolic profiles. Results indicate that AMF inoculation may be an additional strategy for optimizing basil quality in terms of polyphenolic production and composition beyond benefits obtained from just altering plant nutrient status or selecting specific cultivars. C1 [Scagel, Carolyn F.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Lee, Jungmin] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit Worksite, Parma, ID 83660 USA. RP Scagel, CF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard St, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM Carolyn.Scagel@ars.usda.gov RI Lee, Jungmin/G-6555-2013 OI Lee, Jungmin/0000-0002-8660-9444 FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5358-12210-003-00D, 5358-21000-041-00D] FX This research was funded under USDA-ARS CRIS #5358-12210-003-00D and #5358-21000-041-00D. NR 79 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD MAY PY 2012 VL 47 IS 5 BP 660 EP 671 PG 12 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 948JA UT WOS:000304498300019 ER PT J AU Bottger, JA Creamer, R Gardner, D AF Boettger, Jorge Achata Creamer, Rebecca Gardner, Dale TI Seasonal Changes in Undifilum Colonization and Swainsonine Content of Locoweeds SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Undifilum; Quantitative PCR; Swainsonine ID ASTRAGALUS-LENTIGINOSUS; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE; OXYTROPIS; CATTLE; SPP.; EMORYANUS; DISEASE; CHINA; SEED AB Locoweeds ( and ) are leguminous plants that are toxic due to a symbiotic association with the endophytic fungus . The fungus produces the alkaloid swainsonine, an alpha-mannosidase-inhibitor that causes serious damage to mammals when consumed. A real-time PCR technique was developed to quantify the colonization extent of in locoweeds and to compare it to the swainsonine concentration in the plants. Amplification of the endophyte nuclear ITS region allowed reliable quantification of DNA from field plants and cultures. Swainsonine concentration was highly correlated ( = 0.972, < 0.001) with the proportion of DNA during the first 4 weeks of culture growth. Species of and were sampled seasonally in New Mexico and Colorado for two years. High swainsonine concentration in plant samples was associated with high levels of endophyte DNA, except in plant reproductive tissues. C1 [Boettger, Jorge Achata; Creamer, Rebecca] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Entomol Plant Pathol & Weed Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Gardner, Dale] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Creamer, R (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Entomol Plant Pathol & Weed Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM creamer@nmsu.edu OI Achata Bottger, Jorge/0000-0002-8546-8133 FU USDA [59-5428-1-327]; New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station FX We thank Dr Jose Valdez-Barillas and David Graham for their guidance during field seasons, and Dr Steve Hanson, Dr Champa Sengupta-Gopalan, and Dr Tracy Sterling for allowing the use of their lab facilities and equipment. We acknowledge USDA Special Grant # 59-5428-1-327 and the New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station for supporting this work. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 38 IS 5 BP 486 EP 495 DI 10.1007/s10886-012-0120-z PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 944MU UT WOS:000304208300006 ER PT J AU Whitehill, JGA Opiyo, SO Koch, JL Herms, DA Cipollini, DF Bonello, P AF Whitehill, Justin G. A. Opiyo, Stephen O. Koch, Jennifer L. Herms, Daniel A. Cipollini, Donald F. Bonello, Pierluigi TI Interspecific Comparison of Constitutive Ash Phloem Phenolic Chemistry Reveals Compounds Unique to Manchurian Ash, a Species Resistant to Emerald Ash Borer SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Agrilus planipennis; Fraxinus; Wood-borer; HPLC; Host plant resistance; Plant-insect interactions; Invasive species; Emerald ash borer; Coleoptera; Buprestidae ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AGRILUS-PLANIPENNIS; NORTH-AMERICAN; SECOIRIDOID GLUCOSIDES; RHODNIUS-PROLIXUS; FRAXINUS OLEACEAE; HPLC-MS/MS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; DEFENSE; EXTRACTS AB The emerald ash borer (, EAB) is an invasive wood-borer indigenous to Asia and is responsible for widespread ash ( spp.) mortality in the U.S. and Canada. Resistance and susceptibility to EAB varies among spp., which is a result of their co-evolutionary history with the pest. We characterized constitutive phenolic profiles and lignin levels in the phloem of green, white, black, blue, European, and Manchurian ash. Phloem was sampled twice during the growing season, coinciding with phenology of early and late instar EAB. We identified 66 metabolites that displayed a pattern of variation, which corresponded strongly with phylogeny. Previously identified lignans and lignan derivatives were confirmed to be unique to Manchurian ash, and may contribute to its high level of resistance to EAB. Other compounds that had been considered unique to Manchurian ash, including hydroxycoumarins and the phenylethanoids calceolarioside A and B, were detected in closely related, but susceptible species, and thus are unlikely to contribute to EAB resistance of Manchurian ash. The distinct phenolic profile of blue ash may contribute to its relatively high resistance to EAB. C1 [Whitehill, Justin G. A.] Univ British Columbia, Michael Smith Labs, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Whitehill, Justin G. A.; Bonello, Pierluigi] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Opiyo, Stephen O.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Koch, Jennifer L.] USDA, No Res Stn, Forest Serv, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Herms, Daniel A.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Cipollini, Donald F.] Wright State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Whitehill, JGA (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Michael Smith Labs, 301-2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM whiteh5@msl.ubc.ca RI Bonello, Pierluigi/E-2776-2011; Opiyo, Stephen/A-9385-2013 FU Tree Research and Education Endowment Fund; Horticultural Research Institute; Ohio Plant Biotechnology Consortium; USDA APHIS; USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station FX Bailey Nursery, Inc. (St. Paul MN, USA), Moon Dancer Farm (Lexington KY, USA), and the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station (Delaware OH, USA) provided trees used in this study. We thank David S. Bienemann, Municipal Arborist, City of Bowling Green, Ohio, for providing the site for the ash plantation, and for his assistance with establishing and maintaining the trees. We thank Bryant Chambers, Diane Hartzler, and Ohio State University Extension Master Gardeners for their help planting the trees, and Karla Medina-Ortega and Gerardo Suazo for technical assistance. This project was funded by the Tree Research and Education Endowment Fund, the Horticultural Research Institute, Ohio Plant Biotechnology Consortium, USDA APHIS Accelerated Emerald Ash Borer Research Program, USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, and by state and federal funds appropriated to the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, and Wright State University. NR 53 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 64 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 38 IS 5 BP 499 EP 511 DI 10.1007/s10886-012-0125-7 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 944MU UT WOS:000304208300008 PM 22588569 ER PT J AU Cano-Ramirez, C Armendariz-Toledano, F Macias-Samano, JE Sullivan, BT Zuniga, G AF Cano-Ramirez, Claudia Armendariz-Toledano, Francisco Macias-Samano, Jorge E. Sullivan, Brian T. Zuniga, Gerardo TI Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of the Bark Beetle Dendroctonus rhizophagus to Volatiles from Host Pines and Conspecifics SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Scolytinae; Monoterpenes Pinus arizonica; Semiochemical; Gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD); Pest management; Host location; Mate finding; trans-verbenol ID COLEOPTERA-CURCULIONIDAE SCOLYTINAE; VALENS LECONTE COLEOPTERA; RED TURPENTINE BEETLE; PONDEROSAE COLEOPTERA; ALPHA-PINENE; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; UNITED-STATES; VERBENONE; PHEROMONES; MONOTERPENES AB The bark beetle is endemic to northwestern Mexico where it kills immature pines < 3 m tall. We report the first investigation of the chemical ecology of this pest of forest regeneration. We used GC-EAD to assess olfactory sensitivity of this species to volatile compounds from: resin of a major host, ; mid/hindguts of single, gallery-initiating females; and mate-paired males within galleries of attacked host trees in the field. Antennae of both sexes responded to monoterpenes -pinene, -pinene and 3-carene as well as to the beetle-derived oxygenated monoterpenes fenchyl alcohol, myrtenal, -verbenol, -verbenol, verbenone, and myrtenol. These monoterpenes were quantified from pre-emerged adults forced to attack host tissue in the laboratory, and from individuals dissected from naturally-attacked hosts at different stages of colonization. In both bioassays, myrtenol and -verbenol were the most abundant volatiles, and -verbenol was the only one produced in significantly greater quantities by females than males in a naturally-colonized host. Two field experiments were performed to evaluate behavioral responses of to antennally-active monoterpenes. Results show that 3-carene was significantly attractive either alone or in a ternary (1:1:1) combination with -pinene and -pinene, whereas neither -pinene nor -pinene alone were attractive. None of the beetle-associated oxygenated monoterpenes enhanced the attractiveness of the ternary mixture of monoterpenes, while verbenone either alone or combined with the other five oxygenated terpenes reduced attraction to the ternary mixture. The results suggest that attraction of to the host tree is mediated especially by 3-carene. There was no conclusive evidence for an aggregation or sex attractant pheromone. C1 [Cano-Ramirez, Claudia; Armendariz-Toledano, Francisco; Zuniga, Gerardo] Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Inst Politecn Nacl, Dept Zool, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. [Macias-Samano, Jorge E.] El Colegio Frontera Sur ECOSUR, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico. [Sullivan, Brian T.] USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Zuniga, G (reprint author), Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Inst Politecn Nacl, Dept Zool, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. EM capotezu@hotmail.com FU Comision Nacional Forestal-Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONAFOR-CONACYT) [69539]; Secretaria de Investigacion y Posgrado-IPN [SIP-20090576]; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia [202060]; Programa Institucional de Formacion de Investigadores del Instituto Politecnico Nacional (PIFI-IPN); Southern Research Station; Synergy Semiochemical Corporation Inc. FX We are grateful to Karina Martinez, Hector Garcia, Adrian Sotelo, Fernanda Lopez, Veronica Pineda, Karina Cesar, Jesus Morales, Alicia Nino, Daniel Antonio, Marco Espinal, and Ramon Cisneros for assistance in collecting insects, and to Lic. Jaime Chavez and COPAMEX for providing us access to installations and for logistic support in San Juanito Chihuahua. The project was funded by Comision Nacional Forestal-Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONAFOR-CONACYT 69539) and Secretaria de Investigacion y Posgrado-IPN (SIP-20090576). This work was part of CCR's Ph.D. dissertation. She was a Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (202060) and Programa Institucional de Formacion de Investigadores del Instituto Politecnico Nacional (PIFI-IPN) fellowship. B.T.S. was supported by the Southern Research Station and J.E.M.S by Synergy Semiochemical Corporation Inc. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 38 IS 5 BP 512 EP 524 DI 10.1007/s10886-012-0112-z PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 944MU UT WOS:000304208300009 PM 22544334 ER PT J AU Byers, JA AF Byers, John A. TI Estimating Insect Flight Densities from Attractive Trap Catches and Flight Height Distributions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Estimating flight density; Flight height; Computer simulation in three dimensions; Mass trapping; Monitoring; Mating disruption ID BLACK WALNUT PLANTATION; MECHANISMS MEDIATING DISRUPTION; MOTH SEXUAL COMMUNICATION; TERM PEST-MANAGEMENT; FLYING INSECTS; MATING DISRUPTION; DELIA-ANTIQUA; POINT SOURCES; ONION FLY; PHEROMONE AB Methods and equations have not been developed previously to estimate insect flight densities, a key factor in decisions regarding trap and lure deployment in programs of monitoring, mass trapping, and mating disruption with semiochemicals. An equation to estimate densities of flying insects per hectare is presented that uses the standard deviation (SD) of the vertical flight distribution, trapping time, the trap's spherical effective radius (ER), catch at the mean flight height (as estimated from a best-fitting normal distribution with SD), and an estimated average flight speed. Data from previous reports were used to estimate flight densities with the equations. The same equations can use traps with pheromone lures or attractive colors with a measured effective attraction radius (EAR) instead of the ER. In practice, EAR is more useful than ER for flight density calculations since attractive traps catch higher numbers of insects and thus can measure lower populations more readily. Computer simulations in three dimensions with varying numbers of insects (density) and varying EAR were used to validate the equations for density estimates of insects in the field. Few studies have provided data to obtain EAR, SD, speed, and trapping time to estimate flight densities per hectare. However, the necessary parameters can be measured more precisely in future studies. C1 USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Byers, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM john.byers@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 38 IS 5 BP 592 EP 601 DI 10.1007/s10886-012-0116-8 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 944MU UT WOS:000304208300017 PM 22527056 ER PT J AU Friesen, KM Johnson, GD AF Friesen, Kristina M. Johnson, Gregory D. TI Reproductive Potential of Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) Fed Cattle, Chicken, or Horse Blood SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE reproductive potential; American white pelican; Stomoxys calcitrans; fecundity ID STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS DIPTERA; MOSQUITO DENSITY; FLY; BEHAVIOR; POULTRY; ECOLOGY; HISTORY; MEALS; DAIRY; DIETS AB Reproductive potential was assessed for stable fly cohorts fed cattle, chicken, or horse blood. Flies provided chicken blood oviposited 20% more eggs per day than did those fed cattle or horse blood. However, flies provided cattle or horse blood were fecund 50% longer. When both egg viability and number of eggs produced were considered, lifetime reproductive potential was almost twice as high for flies fed cattle or chicken blood than for flies fed horse blood. Maternal investment, which took egg production and volume into account, was higher in cohorts fed cattle blood (70 mm(3)) when compared with the other treatments (chicken = 54 mm(3), horse = 55 mm(3)). This is the first report of stable flies producing viable eggs after feeding on bird blood. Results from this study in addition to field observations indicate that stable fly interactions with birds may be limited to relatively low risk scenarios. C1 [Friesen, Kristina M.; Johnson, Gregory D.] Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Friesen, KM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68512 USA. EM kristina.friesen@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 49 IS 3 BP 461 EP 466 DI 10.1603/ME11207 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 941TU UT WOS:000303989900004 PM 22679851 ER PT J AU Temeyer, KB Olafson, PU Pruett, JH AF Temeyer, Kevin B. Olafson, Pia U. Pruett, John H. TI Sequence Polymorphism in Acetylcholinesterase Transcripts and Genotyping Survey of BmAChE1 in Laboratory and Mexican Strains of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AChE; cattle fever tick; acaricide resistance; Acari; Ixodidae ID SOUTHERN CATTLE TICK; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS ACARICIDES; RESISTANCE; IXODIDAE; CDNA; MUTATIONS; COUMAPHOS; ADULT AB Acetylcholinesterase cDNAs, BmAChE1, BmAChE2, and BmAChE3 of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) were sequenced and found to exhibit significant polymorphism. A portion of the predicted amino acid substitutions in BmAChE1, BmAChE2, and BmAChE3 were found predominantly in organophosphate-resistant strains, but most did not correlate with resistant status. Multiple transcripts were observed from individual ticks, suggesting possible gene duplication or alternative splicing to produce more than two transcripts per individual. BmAChE1 transcript polymorphisms associating with organophosphate-resistant status in laboratory strains were surveyed in laboratory and Mexican strains of R. microplus by sequencing BmAChE1 genomic DNA. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine copy numbers of BmAChE1 (eight copies/haploid genome), BmAChE2(16 copies/haploid genome), and BmAChE3(four copies/haploid genome). Presence of at least three highly polymorphic amplified genes expressing AChE in tick synganglion suggested that ticks maintain a large and diverse assortment of AChE alleles available for rapid recombination and selection, which potentially reduces fitness costs associated with individual mutations. Elevated copy numbers for each of the BmAChEs may also explain previous failures to identify mutations resulting in insensitivity to organophosphates. It is clear that development of phenotypic resistance to organophosphates is highly complex and may be multigenic in character. C1 [Temeyer, Kevin B.; Olafson, Pia U.; Pruett, John H.] ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, USDA, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Temeyer, KB (reprint author), ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, USDA, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM kevin.temeyer@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 49 IS 3 BP 555 EP 562 DI 10.1603/ME11215 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 941TU UT WOS:000303989900015 PM 22679862 ER PT J AU Temeyer, KB Brake, DK Schlechte, KG AF Temeyer, Kevin B. Brake, Danett K. Schlechte, Kristie G. TI Acetylcholinesterase of Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae): Baculovirus Expression, Biochemical Properties, and Organophosphate Insensitivity of the G262A Mutant SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE horn fly; acetylcholinesterase; H. irritans; organophosphate; resistance ID HORN FLIES DIPTERA; L. DIPTERA; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; FLY; CDNA; IDENTIFICATION; PREDICTION; ESTERASE; SYSTEM AB This study reports the baculovirus expression and biochemical characterization of recombinant acetylcholinesterase from Haematobia irritans (L.) (rHiAChE) and the effect of the previously described G262A mutation on enzyme activity and sensitivity to selected organophosphates. The rHiAChE was confirmed to be an insect AChE2-type enzyme with substrate preference for acetylthiocholine (K-m 31.3 mu M) over butyrylthiocholine (K-m 63.4 mu M) and inhibition at high substrate concentration. Enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by eserine (2.3 x 10(-10) M), BW284c51 (3.4 x 10(-8) M), malaoxon (3.6 x 10(-8) M), and paraoxon (1.8 x 10(-7) M), and was less sensitive to the butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors ethopropazine (1.1 x 10(-6) M) and iso-OMPA (4.1 x 10(-4) M). rHiAChE containing the G262A substitution exhibited decreased substrate affinity for both acetylthiocholine (K-m 40.9 mu M) and butyrylthiocholine (K-m 96.3 mu M), and exhibited eight-fold decreased sensitivity to paraoxon, and similar to 1.5- to 3-fold decreased sensitivity to other inhibitors. The biochemical kinetics are consistent with previously reported bioassay analysis, suggesting that the G262A mutation contributes to, but is not solely responsible for observed phenotypic resistance to diazinon or other organophosphates. C1 [Temeyer, Kevin B.; Brake, Danett K.; Schlechte, Kristie G.] ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, USDA, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Temeyer, KB (reprint author), ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, USDA, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM kevin.temeyer@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 49 IS 3 BP 589 EP 594 DI 10.1603/ME11211 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 941TU UT WOS:000303989900019 PM 22679866 ER PT J AU Geden, CJ Devine, GJ AF Geden, Christopher J. Devine, Gregor J. TI Pyriproxyfen and House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae): Effects of Direct Exposure and Autodissemination to Larval Habitats SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE house fly; Musca domestica; pyriproxyfen; autodissemination ID GROWTH-REGULATOR PYRIPROXYFEN; MUSCA-DOMESTICA L; AEDES-AEGYPTI; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; FLY DIPTERA; NEW-YORK; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; CYROMAZINE RESISTANCE; TSETSE DIPTERA; FIELD AB Pyriproxyfen is an insect growth regulator with juvenile hormone-like activity that has potential uses for dipterans that are difficult to manage with conventional insecticides, such as house flies (Musca domestica L.). The objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy of this insect growth regulator against house flies using variety of delivery systems and target life stages, including an evaluation of the potential for autodissemination by female flies to larval development sites. Adult female house flies exposed to filter paper (3.75% active ingredient) or sugar treated with pyriproxyfen (0.01-0.1%) produced significantly fewer F 1 pupae than untreated flies. Adult emergence from pupae was unaffected. In contrast, treatment of larval rearing medium with 0.35 ml/cm(2) of a 12 mg pyriproxyfen/liter preparation had no effect on the number of pupae developing from eggs but markedly inhibited adult emergence from those pupae. There was little difference in susceptibility between an insecticide-susceptible and a wild strain of house fly. The LC50 for inhibiting fly emergence of dust formulations in diatomaceous earth incorporating commercial pyriproxyfen products ranged from 8 to 26 mg/liter, with little difference among products. Compared with untreated flies, significantly fewer pupae were produced at concentrations >0.5% and no adults were produced at concentrations >0.05% pyriproxyfen. When gravid females were exposed for 1 h to treated fabric (6 mg pyriproxyfen/cm(2)) and allowed to oviposit in rearing media containing eggs, sufficient pyriproxyfen was autodisseminated to reduce adult emergence from those eggs by >99%. Intermittent contact with treated fabric over 2 d reduced adult emergence by 63-76%. C1 [Geden, Christopher J.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Devine, Gregor J.] Queensland Hlth, Publ Hlth Unit, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. RP Geden, CJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM chris.geden@ars.usda.gov RI Devine, Gregor/H-1141-2014 FU Armed Forces Pest Management Board FX We thank M. Doyle and H. Mckeithen for providing flies and assisting with the bioassays. This research was supported in part by the Deployed War Fighter Protection Research Program of the Armed Forces Pest Management Board. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 49 IS 3 BP 606 EP 613 DI 10.1603/ME11226 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 941TU UT WOS:000303989900021 PM 22679868 ER PT J AU Lohmeyer, KH Pound, JM AF Lohmeyer, K. H. Pound, J. M. TI Laboratory Evaluation of Novaluron as a Development Site Treatment for Controlling Larval Horn Flies, House Flies, and Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Haematobia irritans; Stomoxys calcitrans; Musca domestica; benzoylphenyl urea ID FEEDING SITES; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; AEDES-AEGYPTI; FLY; INSECTICIDES; HAY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; DISPERSAL; NEBRASKA AB A granular formulation of novaluron (Novaluron 0.2G, 0.2% [AI]), a newer benzoylphenyl urea insecticide, was evaluated for its efficacy in controlling the larval stage of horn flies, Haematobia irritans (L.); house flies, Musca domestica L.; and stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), in cow manure. Various rates and insecticide placement locations (top, middle, and bottom of manure) were evaluated in this study and all combinations of these variables reduced adult emergence of all three species when compared with the untreated controls. The presence of deformed pupae indicated that novaluron had an insect growth regulator effect on the developing fly larvae. Top, middle, or bottom application rates of 0.125, 0.195, 0.25, and 0.375 g novaluron onto manure samples, reduced adult horn fly emergence by >90%. Middle and bottom application rates of 0.195, 0.25, and 0.375 g novaluron reduced adult house fly emergence >93%. All rates and placement combinations resulted in >98% reduction of adult stable fly emergence. The level of control efficacy observed against these three fly species along with the ease of use of a granular formulation, make this product an ideal candidate for use in an integrated livestock pest management program. C1 [Lohmeyer, K. H.; Pound, J. M.] USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Lohmeyer, KH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM kim.lohmeyer@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 49 IS 3 BP 647 EP 651 DI 10.1603/ME11220 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 941TU UT WOS:000303989900026 PM 22679873 ER PT J AU Kumarihamy, M Khan, SI Jacob, M Tekwani, BL Duke, SO Ferreira, D Nanayakkara, NPD AF Kumarihamy, Mallika Khan, Shabana I. Jacob, Melissa Tekwani, Babu L. Duke, Stephen O. Ferreira, Daneel Nanayakkara, N. P. Dhammika TI Antiprotozoal and Antimicrobial Compounds from the Plant Pathogen Septoria pistaciarum SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID CERCOSPORIN; ALKALOIDS; PYRIDONE; METABOLITES; TOXIN AB Four new 1,4-dihydroxy-5-phenyl-2-pyridinone alkaloids, 17-hydroxy-N-(O-methyl)septoriamycin A (1), 17-acetoxy-N-(O-methyl)septoriamycin A (2), 13-(S)-hydroxy-N-(O-methyl)septoriamycin A (3), and 13-(R)-hydroxy-N-(O-methyl)septoriamycin A (4), together with the known compounds (+)-cercosporin (5), (+)-14-O-acetylcercosporin (6), (+)-di-O-acetylcercosporin (7), lumichrome, and brassicasterol, were isolated from an ethyl acetate extract of a culture medium of Septoria pistaciarum. Methylation of septoriamycin A (8) with diazomethane yielded three di-O-methyl analogues, two of which existed as mixtures of rotamers. We previously reported antimalarial activity of septoriamycin A. This compound also exhibited significant activity against Leishmania donovani promastigotes. Compounds 5-7 showed moderate in vitro activity against L. donovani promastigotes and chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and -resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum, whereas compound 5 was fairly active against methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Compounds 5-7 also displayed moderate phytotoxic activity against both a dicot (lettuce, Lactuca sativa) and a monocot (bentgrass, Agrostis stolonifera) and cytotoxicity against a panel of cell lines. C1 [Kumarihamy, Mallika; Khan, Shabana I.; Jacob, Melissa; Tekwani, Babu L.; Ferreira, Daneel; Nanayakkara, N. P. Dhammika] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Kumarihamy, Mallika; Khan, Shabana I.; Ferreira, Daneel] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. [Duke, Stephen O.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Nanayakkara, NPD (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. EM dhammika@olemiss.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R21 A1061431-01, R01 AI 27094]; United States Department of Agriculture, ARS [58-6408-2-009]; US DoD CDMRP [W81XWH-09-2-0093] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (R21 A1061431-01 and R01 AI 27094) and, in part, by the United States Department of Agriculture, ARS, Specific Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6408-2-009 and US DoD CDMRP Investigator Initiated Grant Award W81XWH-09-2-0093. We thank Dr. B. Avula and Mr. F. T. Wiggers, NCNPR, University of Mississippi, for recording the MS and 1H NMR spectra (600 MHz), and Ms. M. Wright, Mr. J. Trott, Mr. S. Jain, and Mr. R Johnson for biological testing. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 75 IS 5 BP 883 EP 889 DI 10.1021/np200940b PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 946VO UT WOS:000304385800006 PM 22530813 ER PT J AU Sicher, RC Timlin, D Bailey, B AF Sicher, Richard C. Timlin, Dennis Bailey, Bryan TI Responses of growth and primary metabolism of water-stressed barley roots to rehydration SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Drought stress; Hordeum vulgare; Metabolite analysis; Nitrogen metabolism; Osmotic adjustment; Water deficit ID NITRATE REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; CO2 ENRICHMENT; DROUGHT; NITROGEN; PLANT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; BIOSYNTHESIS; LEAVES; TOLERANCE; SEEDLINGS AB Barley seedlings were grown in pots in controlled environment chambers and progressive drought treatments were imposed 11 d after sowing. Soil water content decreased from 92 to 10% following 14d without watering. Increases of biomass in shoots and roots slowed after 4 and 9 d of water stress, respectively. Thirty barley root metabolites were monitored in this study and 85% were significantly altered by drought. Sucrose, raffinose, glucose, fructose, maltose, malate, asparagine and proline increased and myoinositol, glycerate, alanine, serine, glycine and glutamate decreased during drought. Primary metabolism was likely involved in various crucial processes during water stress including. osmotic adjustment, nitrogen sequestration and ammonia detoxification. Rates of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance recovered in 2 d and shoot growth commenced the 3rd day after rehydration. Root growth also exhibited a lag after rehydration but this was attributed to high nutrient concentrations during water stress. Malate and proline recovered within 1 d but serine was only partially reversed 6 d after rehydration. Malate, aspartate and raffinose decreased below well-watered, control levels following rehydration. Variation in the magnitude and time necessary for individual compounds to fully recover after rehydration suggested the complexity of metabolic processes initiated by re-watering. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [Sicher, Richard C.; Timlin, Dennis] USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bailey, Bryan] USDA ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sicher, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Room 342,Bldg 001,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Richard.Sicher@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 169 IS 7 BP 686 EP 695 DI 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.01.002 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 946EW UT WOS:000304335300006 PM 22285575 ER PT J AU Ribic, CA Sheavly, SB Rugg, DJ Erdmann, ES AF Ribic, Christine A. Sheavly, Seba B. Rugg, David J. Erdmann, Eric S. TI Trends in marine debris along the U.S. Pacific Coast and Hawai'i 1998-2007 SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Marine debris; Monitoring; Pacific Coast; Hawaii; Upwelling; ENSO ID BEACH DEBRIS; PLASTIC DEBRIS; LITTER; ACCUMULATION; ISLANDS; AUSTRALIA AB We assessed amounts, composition, and trends of marine debris for the U.S. Pacific Coast and Hawai'i using National Marine Debris Monitoring Program data. Hawaii had the highest debris loads; the North Pacific Coast region had the lowest debris loads. The Southern California Bight region had the highest land-based debris loads. Debris loads decreased over time for all source categories in all regions except for land-based and general-source loads in the North Pacific Coast region, which were unchanged. General-source debris comprised 30-40% of the items in all regions. Larger local populations were associated with higher land-based debris loads across regions; the effect declined at higher population levels. Upwelling affected deposition of ocean-based and general-source debris loads but not land-based loads along the Pacific Coast. LNSO decreased debris loads for both land-based and ocean-based debris but not general-source debris in Hawai'i, a more complex climate-ocean effect than had previously been found. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ribic, Christine A.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol,Russell Labs 218, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sheavly, Seba B.] Sheavly Consultants, Virginia Beach, VA 23452 USA. [Rugg, David J.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Ribic, CA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol,Russell Labs 218, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM caribic@wisc.edu; seba@sheavlyconsultants.com; drugg@fs.fed.us; e1erdmann@gmail.com OI Rugg, David/0000-0003-2280-8302 FU U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration through the Ocean Conservancy; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Water through the Ocean Conservancy; U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Research Units FX This paper would not have been possible without the many volunteers and organizations which collected the data. In particular we thank the following for their efforts in carrying out monthly data collections over the course of the program: Judy Sahm, Hollister Ranch Owner's Association - Group Effort - We Care; Cynthia Ward, Vista De Las Cruces School; Lee Moldaver, Santa Barbara Audubon Society; Craig Rewell and Sarah Richmond, University of California, Santa Barbara; Dan Fontaine, Alex Kane and Alice Kinner, Isla Vista Surf Rider Foundation; Gary Brown, Raymond Hiemstra, Leslie Sorrells and Pam Dosch, Orange County Coastkeepers; Linda Blanchard and Annette Shoemaker, Orange County Maine Institute; Julie Foxhoven, Capistrano Beach Volunteers; Patrick Zabrocki, Surf Rider Foundation; Paul Chillar, Alex Foster and Sarah Witten, University of California, San Diego - Ocean Awareness Club; Rose Quinn and Brian Halvorsen, Torrey Pines Volunteers; Lisa Dieu, University of California, San Diego; Megan Pierson, David Henderson, South Beach State Park; Don Kennedy, Oregon State University; Margaret Kennedy, Dawn Edmison and Tom Forgatsch, Brandon High School-Key Club; Diane Mahoney, Harbor Lights Middle School; Albert Johnstone, Jann Luesse and Gary Montesano, CoastWatch; Duane Smith, Daniel Close, Karen Oeth, and Jordan Serin, California Conservation Corps; Chris Kent, Americorps; Matt Strickwerda, Jayna Schaaf and Mike Fleming, Humboldt State University - Marine Biology Club; Tony LaBanca, Friends of the Dunes; Brett Biebber, Sheli Silver, Jacques Drapeau, and Howie Schnabolk, Cadre of Corps; Michelle Meisner, Humboldt Bay Service Corps; Talena Dehmel, Humboldt State University - Oceanography Society; Ruby Herrick and Amy Smith, Stewards of Slavianka; Annie Cresswell, Keary and Sally Sorenson, Stewards of the Coast and Redwoods; Don Jolley, Bolinas School; Darren Fong, Golden Gate National Recreation Area; Ann Bauer; Graham Charles, Karen Taussig, Patrick Schmitz and Jacquie Hilterman, The Marine Mammal Center; John Kucera, June Langhoff and Susan Danielson, Save Our Shores; Wayne Johnson, Pescadero High School; A. J. Jordan, Monterey County Surfrider; Mardo and Ron Collins and Marty Renault, Point Lobos State Reserves; Fayalla Chapman, Morro Bay High School; Ann Kitajma, Morro Bay National Estuary Program; Captain Terry Rice, Captain Paula Carroll, Wayne Garcia and David Getchell, U.S. 14th Coast Guard District Office; Christine Woolaway, Marlu Oliphant-West, Save the Sea Turtles, Inc.; Katy Kok and Nancy Evans, Nani O'Wai'anae: Fred and Karen Dodge, Malama Makua'; Mike and Kay Tokunaga, Pearl Harbor Kiwanis; and Rebecca Hommon, CIV NAVREGHAWAII Counsel. We thank D. Beauchamp and an anonymous reviewer for comments on a previous draft of this manuscript. The U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Marine Entanglement Research Program and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Water funded the workshops through the Center for Marine Conservation (now the Ocean Conservancy) that led to the development of the National Marine Debris Monitoring Program. The U.S. EPA Office of Water funded data collection through the Ocean Conservancy. The U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Research Units Program funded the analysis of the data used in this paper. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement for use by the U.S. Government. We thank the Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, for assistance with publication expenses. NR 53 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 7 U2 69 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 64 IS 5 BP 994 EP 1004 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.02.008 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 946FZ UT WOS:000304338200028 PM 22385753 ER PT J AU Baldwin, RL Li, RW Li, CJ Thomson, JM Bequette, BJ AF Baldwin, Ransom L. Li, Robert W. Li, Cong-jun Thomson, Jennifer M. Bequette, Brian J. TI Characterization of the longissimus lumborum transcriptome response to adding propionate to the diet of growing Angus beef steers SO PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE rna-seq; bovine; nutritional genomics ID RNA-SEQ DATA; MEAT-PRODUCING ANIMALS; LIPID-METABOLISM; SKELETAL-MUSCLES; GROWTH; TISSUE; CATTLE; RATES AB Baldwin RL VI, Li RW, Li CJ, Thomson JM, Bequette BJ. Characterization of the longissimus lumborum transcriptome response to adding propionate to the diet of growing angus beef steers. Physiol Genomics 44: 543-550, 2012. First published March 27, 2012; doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00144.2011.-Development of management paradigms that enhance the rate of gain and qualitative characteristics of beef carcass development has the potential to impact production and nutrient use efficiency but also mitigate losses to the environment. We used eight Black Angus beef steers (272.5 +/- 17.6 kg initial body wt) fed a forage-based pelleted diet alone (n = 4) or supplemented with sodium propionate included (n = 4) for 42 days. High-quality RNA was extracted from the longissimus lumborum and subjected to transcriptome sequencing using RNA-seq technology. Trimmed reads were aligned to the bovine reference genome (Btau4.0, release 63) and uniquely mapped reads from control and propionate treatment groups were subject to further analysis using edgeR. Candidates were filtered to account for multiple testing and differentially expressed genes (153 at a false discovery rate of <5%) were analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) analysis (GOseq) to select terms where enrichment had occurred. Significant GO terms included regulation of cholesterol transport, regulation of sterol transport, and cellular modified amino acid metabolic process. Furthermore, the top four identified gene networks included lipid metabolism, small molecule biochemistry, carbohydrate metabolism, and molecular transport-related categories. Notably, changes in lipid metabolism specific genes reflect both increased oxidative and lipid synthetic capacities. Metabolism-related gene changes are reflective of expected enhancements in lean tissue accretion patterns exhibited in steers where high ruminal propionate relative to other short chain fatty acids is observed. Propionate feeding induced increased N retention in rapidly growing Angus cattle, and the observed alterations in LL tissue lipid metabolism-related gene networks are consistent with enhanced cell formation and function (protein synthesis, and lipogenic vs. lipolytic activities). C1 [Baldwin, Ransom L.; Li, Robert W.; Li, Cong-jun] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Thomson, Jennifer M.] Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Bequette, Brian J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Baldwin, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Ransom.Baldwin@ars.usda.gov OI Thomson, Jennifer/0000-0003-1921-0975 FU National Research Initiative from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2007-35206-17917] FX This project was partially supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2007-35206-17917 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1094-8341 J9 PHYSIOL GENOMICS JI Physiol. Genomics PD MAY PY 2012 VL 44 IS 10 BP 543 EP 550 DI 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00144.2011 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology GA 946QH UT WOS:000304367600001 PM 22454452 ER PT J AU Meier, AR Saunders, MR Michler, CH AF Meier, Andrew R. Saunders, Michael R. Michler, Charles H. TI Epicormic buds in trees: a review of bud establishment, development and dormancy release SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE bud development; epicormic branches; epicormic potential; silviculture; water sprouts; woody plants ID QUERCUS-ROBUR L; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; PETRAEA MATT LIEBL; APICAL DOMINANCE; SHOOT GROWTH; FRAXINUS-PENNSYLVANICA; ARAUCARIA-CUNNINGHAMII; AXILLARY MERISTEMS; WOODY-PLANTS; DOUGLAS-FIR AB The formation of epicormic sprouts on the boles of trees is a phenomenon that has, until recently, been poorly understood. Renewed interest in the topic in the last two decades has led to significant advances in our knowledge of the subject, especially in regard to bud anatomy, morphology and ontogeny. There exists, however, no comprehensive synthesis of results from different disciplines across genera and geographical areas; this review seeks to fill that void and provide a comprehensive framework capable of guiding future research. A tree's potential for producing epicormic branches is dependent on the number of buds that are produced on a growing shoot, the development of those buds and associated meristems over time and the factors that promote sprout formation or bud death. Based on the descriptions of a limited number of researched species, we were able to describe four different developmental strategies for epicormics based on characteristics of meristem development. Control over epicormic bud dormancy is complex, but it is clear that the traditional view of auxin-mediated dormancy release is incomplete. Genetic control over epicormic development is yet to be empirically proven. Future research should focus on clarifying these physiological and genetic controls of epicormic bud development as well as developing more robust methods for tracking epicormics in ecological and silvicultural studies. C1 [Meier, Andrew R.; Saunders, Michael R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Michler, Charles H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Saunders, MR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, 715 State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM msaunder@purdue.edu FU Fred M. van Eck Foundation for Purdue University FX This work was funded by the Fred M. van Eck Foundation for Purdue University. NR 155 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 78 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X EI 1758-4469 J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 32 IS 5 BP 565 EP 584 DI 10.1093/treephys/tps040 PG 20 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 948YA UT WOS:000304538700007 PM 22555307 ER PT J AU Chacko, SK Haymond, MW Sun, YX Marini, JC Sauer, PJJ Ma, XJ Sunehag, AL AF Chacko, Shaji K. Haymond, Morey W. Sun, Yuxiang Marini, Juan C. Sauer, Pieter J. J. Ma, Xiaojun Sunehag, Agneta L. TI Effect of ghrelin on glucose regulation in mice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE ghrelin; growth hormone secretagogue receptor; gluconeogenesis; bariatric surgery; insulin sensitivity ID HORMONE SECRETAGOGUE RECEPTOR; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; PLASMA GHRELIN; WEIGHT-LOSS; DIABETES-MELLITUS; BARIATRIC SURGERY; ACYLATED PEPTIDE; LIPID-METABOLISM; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; KNOCKOUT MICE AB Chacko SK, Haymond MW, Sun Y, Marini JC, Sauer PJJ, Ma X, Sunehag AL. Effect of ghrelin on glucose regulation in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 302: E1055-E1062, 2012. First published February 14, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00445.2011.-Improvement of glucose metabolism after bariatric surgery appears to be from the composite effect of the alterations in multiple circulating gut hormone concentrations. However, their individual effect on glucose metabolism during different conditions is not clear. The objective of this study was to determine whether ghrelin has an impact on glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, and insulin sensitivity (using a mice model). Rate of appearance of glucose, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis were measured in wild-type (WT), ghrelin knockout (ghrelin(-/-)), and growth hormone secretagogue receptor knockout (Ghsr(-/-)) mice in the postabsorptive state. The physiological nature of the fasting condition was ascertained by a short-term fast commenced immediately at the end of the dark cycle. Concentrations of glucose and insulin were measured, and insulin resistance and hepatic insulin sensitivity were calculated. Glucose concentrations were not different among the groups during the food-deprived period. However, plasma insulin concentrations were lower in the ghrelin(-/-) and Ghsr(-/-) than WT mice. The rates of gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and indexes of insulin sensitivity were higher in the ghrelin(-/-) and Ghsr(-/-) than WT mice during the postabsorptive state. Insulin receptor substrate 1 and glucose transporter 2 gene expressions in hepatic tissues of the ghrelin(-/-) and Ghsr(-/-) were higher compared with that in WT mice. This study demonstrates that gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis are increased and insulin sensitivity is improved by the ablation of the ghrelin or growth hormone secretagogue receptor in mice. C1 [Chacko, Shaji K.; Haymond, Morey W.; Sun, Yuxiang; Marini, Juan C.; Ma, Xiaojun; Sunehag, Agneta L.] ARS, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,USDA, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Sauer, Pieter J. J.] Univ Groningen, Dept Pediat, Beatrix Childrens Hosp, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, NL-9700 AB Groningen, Netherlands. RP Sunehag, AL (reprint author), ARS, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,USDA, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM asunehag@bcm.tmc.edu FU USDA/ARS [58-6250-6-001, 58-6250-0-008] FX This work is a publication of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX and had been funded in part with federal funds from the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement nos. 58-6250-6-001 and 58-6250-0-008. NR 65 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 302 IS 9 BP E1055 EP E1062 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00445.2011 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 936MD UT WOS:000303593600005 PM 22338071 ER PT J AU van Himbergen, TM Beiser, AS Ai, M Seshadri, S Otokozawa, S Au, R Thongtang, N Wolf, PA Schaefer, EJ AF van Himbergen, Thomas M. Beiser, Alexa S. Ai, Masumi Seshadri, Sudha Otokozawa, Seiko Au, Rhoda Thongtang, Nuntakorn Wolf, Philip A. Schaefer, Ernst J. TI Biomarkers for Insulin Resistance and Inflammation and the Risk for All-Cause Dementia and Alzheimer Disease Results From the Framingham Heart Study SO ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; ADIPONECTIN RECEPTORS; DIABETES-MELLITUS; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; RANCHO-BERNARDO; CAUSE MORTALITY; OLDER PERSONS; PLASMA; ASSOCIATION AB Objective: To investigate the contribution of biomarkers of glucose homeostasis (adiponectin, glucose, glycated albumin, and insulin levels) and inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) levels) to the risk of developing Alzheimer disease (AD) and all-cause dementia. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Dementia-free Framingham Heart Study participants had sera measured for these biomarkers at the 19th biennial examination (1985-1988) and were followed up prospectively for the development of AD and all-cause dementia. Participants: Eight hundred forty (541 women, median age of 76 years) subjects participated in the study. Main Outcome Measures: We used sex-pooled and sex-specific multivariable Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, education, body mass index, recent change in weight, APOE epsilon 4 allele status, and plasma docosahexaenoic acid levels to determine association of these biomarkers with the development of all-cause dementia and AD. Results: Over a mean follow-up period of 13 years, 159 persons developed dementia (including 125 with AD). After adjustment for other risk factors, only adiponectin in women was associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia (hazard ratio [HR], 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.66; P = .054) and AD (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.00-1.76; P = .050) per 1-SD increase in adiponectin level. Women with baseline adiponectin values more than the median had a higher risk of all-cause dementia (HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.03-2.56; P = .04) and AD (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.13-3.10; P = .01) as compared with those with values less than the median. Conclusion: In women, increased plasma adiponectin levels are an independent risk factor for the development of both all-cause dementia and AD. C1 [van Himbergen, Thomas M.; Ai, Masumi; Otokozawa, Seiko; Thongtang, Nuntakorn; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Beiser, Alexa S.; Seshadri, Sudha; Au, Rhoda; Wolf, Philip A.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Beiser, Alexa S.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. [Beiser, Alexa S.; Seshadri, Sudha; Au, Rhoda; Wolf, Philip A.] NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, Boston, MA USA. RP Schaefer, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ernst.schaefer@tufts.edu OI Seshadri, Sudha/0000-0001-6135-2622; Au, Rhoda/0000-0001-7742-4491; Beiser, Alexa/0000-0001-8551-7778 FU Unilever Food and Health Research Institute, Unilever R&D, Vlaardingen, the Netherlands; Denka Seiken Co, Tokyo, Japan; Kyowa Medex Co, Tokyo; Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; National Institutes of Health [R01 HL-60935, HL 74753, PO50HL083813]; US Department of Agriculture Agriculture Research Service [53-3K-06]; Framingham Heart Study's National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [N01-HC-25195]; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [R01 NS17950]; National Institute on Aging [R01 AG16495, AG08122, AG033040, AG033193, AG031287, P30AG013846] FX Dr Van Himbergen was supported by a research grant from Unilever Food and Health Research Institute, Unilever R&D, Vlaardingen, the Netherlands. Dr Ai and Ms Otokozawa were supported by research fellowships from Denka Seiken Co, Tokyo, Japan, and Kyowa Medex Co, Tokyo.; Dr Thongtang was supported by a research fellowship from Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Dr Schaefer was supported by grants R01 HL-60935, HL 74753, and PO50HL083813 from the National Institutes of Health and contract 53-3K-06 from the US Department of Agriculture Agriculture Research Service. This work was also supported by the Framingham Heart Study's National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute contract N01-HC-25195 and by National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke grant R01 NS17950 and National Institute on Aging grants R01 AG16495, AG08122, AG033040, AG033193 and AG031287, and P30AG013846. NR 46 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0003-9942 J9 ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO JI Arch. Neurol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 69 IS 5 BP 594 EP 600 DI 10.1001/archneurol.2011.670 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 941ZO UT WOS:000304009100005 PM 22213409 ER PT J AU Urech, R Bright, RL Green, PE Brown, GW Hogsette, JA Skerman, AG Elson-Harris, MM Mayer, DG AF Urech, Rudolf Bright, Roselyn L. Green, Peter E. Brown, Geoffrey W. Hogsette, Jerome A. Skerman, Alan G. Elson-Harris, Marlene M. Mayer, David G. TI Temporal and spatial trends in adult nuisance fly populations at Australian cattle feedlots SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Musca domestica; seasonality; spatial distribution; Stomoxys calcitrans; trapping ID STABLE FLIES DIPTERA; STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS DIPTERA; MUSCA-DOMESTICA L.; HOUSE-FLIES; MUSCIDAE POPULATIONS; STICKY TRAPS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PTEROMALIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; QUEENSLAND AB A comprehensive trapping program to determine the species composition, seasonality and distribution of adult nuisance fly populations at a southern Queensland feedlot was conducted from 2001 to 2003. Short-term information on nuisance fly populations was also collected from two feedlots located in other climatic regions. Twenty-five species of Diptera were identified. The more commonly trapped species were the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Muscidae) (38%), the hairy maggot blowfly, Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) (Calliphoridae) (27%) and the bush fly, Musca vetustissima Walker (Muscidae) (15%). Seasonal effects were the major determinant of fly populations. All commonly trapped fly species had low abundance during the coldest winter months, July and August. Musca domestica had one annual, broad peak in abundance starting in spring and extending over about 8 or 9 months. Musca vetustissima had a major abundance peak in October/November and a smaller peak around April. Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (stable fly) (Muscidae) showed two annual peaks in abundance, with the major peak in May. Chrysomya spp. were most abundant during spring, summer and autumn, whereas the highest numbers of Calliphora augur (F.) (blue-bodied blowfly) (Calliphoridae) were trapped in winter. The sites within the feedlot with the highest catches of M. domestica were the feed mill, cattle pens and the hospital area and of S. calcitrans the manure piles, silage pits and the feed mill. The lowest catches of M. domestica and S. calcitrans were obtained in the traps situated a few kilometres outside the feedlot. In contrast, M. vetustissima and blowfly catches were higher in outside traps and traps near the manure piles than any other feedlot site. There was a correlation between the animals' number of fly avoidance movements and M. domestica catches and between the number of leg stomps and stable fly catches, respectively. C1 [Urech, Rudolf; Bright, Roselyn L.; Green, Peter E.; Brown, Geoffrey W.; Elson-Harris, Marlene M.; Mayer, David G.] Agri Sci Queensland, Ecosci Precinct, Dutton Pk, Qld 4102, Australia. [Hogsette, Jerome A.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Skerman, Alan G.] Agri Sci Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. RP Urech, R (reprint author), Agri Sci Queensland, Ecosci Precinct, 41 Boggo Rd, Dutton Pk, Qld 4102, Australia. EM rudure@iinet.net.au RI Mayer, David/F-8616-2011 OI Mayer, David/0000-0001-9564-9176 FU Meat & Livestock Australia (MLA) FX We thank the feedlot owners for cooperation during the study and Mr Des Rinehart (MLA) for technical advice. Funding for this work was provided by Meat & Livestock Australia (MLA). NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1326-6756 J9 AUST J ENTOMOL JI Aust. J. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 51 BP 88 EP 96 DI 10.1111/j.1440-6055.2011.00846.x PN 2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 942XT UT WOS:000304085600002 ER PT J AU Wang, H He, Y Qian, BD McConkey, B Cutforth, H McCaig, T McLeod, G Zentner, R DePauw, R Lemke, R Brandt, K Liu, TT Qin, XB White, J Hunt, T Hoogenboom, G AF Wang, Hong He, Yong Qian, Budong McConkey, Brian Cutforth, Herb McCaig, Tom McLeod, Grant Zentner, Robert DePauw, Ron Lemke, Reynald Brandt, Kelsey Liu, Tingting Qin, Xiaobo White, Jeffrey Hunt, Tony Hoogenboom, Gerrit TI SHORT COMMUNICATION: Climate change and biofuel wheat: A case study of southern Saskatchewan SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Climate change; wheat; biofuel crop; heat shock; seeding date ID SPRING WHEAT; ALBERTA; CANADA; TEMPERATURE; TILLAGE AB Wang, H., He, Y., Qian, B., McConkey, B., Cutforth, H., McCaig, T., McLeod, G., Zentner, R., DePauw, R., Lemke, R., Brandt, K., Liu, T., Qin, X., White, J., Hunt, T. and Hoogenboom, G. 2012. SHORT COMMUNICATION: Climate change and biofuel wheat: A case study of southern Saskatchewan. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 421-425. This study assessed potential impacts of climate change on wheat production as a biofuel crop in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. The Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer-Cropping System Model (DSSAT-CSM) was used to simulate biomass and grain yield under three climate change scenarios (CGCM3 with the forcing scenarios of IPCC SRES A1B, A2 and B1) in the 2050s. Synthetic 300-yr weather data were generated by the AAFC stochastic weather generator for the baseline period (1961-1990) and each scenario. Compared with the baseline, precipitation is projected to increase in every month under all three scenarios except in July and August and in June for A2, when it is projected to decrease. Annual mean air temperature is projected to increase by 3.2, 3.6 and 2.7 degrees C for A1B, A2 and B1, respectively. The model predicted increases in biomass by 28, 12 and 16% without the direct effect of CO2 and 74, 55 and 41% with combined effects (climate and CO2) for A1B, A2 and B1, respectively. Similar increases were found for grain yield. However, the occurrence of heat shock (>32 degrees C) will increase during grain filling under the projected climate conditions and could cause severe yield reduction, which was not simulated by DSSAT-CSM. This implies that the future yield under climate scenarios might have been overestimated by DSSAT-CSM; therefore, model modification is required. Several measures, such as early seeding, must be taken to avoid heat damages and take the advantage of projected increases in temperature and precipitation in the early season. C1 [Wang, Hong; He, Yong; McConkey, Brian; Cutforth, Herb; McCaig, Tom; McLeod, Grant; Zentner, Robert; DePauw, Ron; Brandt, Kelsey; Liu, Tingting] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Semiarid Prairie Agr Res Ctr, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada. [He, Yong] China Agr Univ, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Resources & Environm Sci Coll, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Qian, Budong] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Lemke, Reynald] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Saskatoon Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. [Liu, Tingting] Renmin Univ China, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. [Qin, Xiaobo] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agroenvironm & Sustainable Dev, Key Lab Agroenvironm & Climate Change, Minist Agr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [White, Jeffrey] USDA ARS, ALARC, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Hunt, Tony] Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Hoogenboom, Gerrit] Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Semiarid Prairie Agr Res Ctr, Box 1030, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada. EM hong.wang@agr.gc.ca RI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/F-3946-2010; OI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/0000-0002-1555-0537; Qian, Budong/0000-0001-5413-3114 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 20 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 92 IS 3 BP 421 EP 425 DI 10.4141/CJPS2011-192 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 943NJ UT WOS:000304130700004 ER PT J AU Altenbach, SB AF Altenbach, S. B. TI Characterization of wheat proteins responsible for allergies and food intolerances SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Altenbach, S. B.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 92 IS 3 BP 594 EP 595 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 943NJ UT WOS:000304130700026 ER PT J AU Akhunov, E Chao, S Saintenac, C Kiani, S See, D Brown-Guedira, G Sorrells, M Akhunova, A Dubcovsky, J Cavanagh, C Hayden, M AF Akhunov, E. Chao, S. Saintenac, C. Kiani, S. See, D. Brown-Guedira, G. Sorrells, M. Akhunova, A. Dubcovsky, J. Cavanagh, C. Hayden, M. TI High-throughput approaches to genome-wide analysis of genetic variation in polyploid wheat SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Akhunov, E.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Chao, S.; Saintenac, C.; Kiani, S.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [See, D.] USDA, Western Reg Small Grains Genotyping Lab, WSU, Pullman, WA USA. [Brown-Guedira, G.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Small Grains Genotyping Lab, NCSU, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Sorrells, M.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Akhunova, A.] Kansas State Univ, Integrated Genom Facil, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Dubcovsky, J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cavanagh, C.] CSIRO, Food Futures Natl Res Flagship, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Hayden, M.] Victorian AgriBiosci Ctr, Dept Primary Ind Victoria, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. RI Cavanagh, Colin/F-4347-2011; Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008 OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 92 IS 3 BP 596 EP 596 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 943NJ UT WOS:000304130700031 ER PT J AU Chen, XW He, Yg Liu, YH Olias, P Rosenthal, BM Cui, LW Zuo, YG Yang, ZQ AF Chen, Xinwen He, Yongshu Liu, Yonghua Olias, Philipp Rosenthal, Benjamin M. Cui, Liwang Zuo, Yangxian Yang, Zhaoqing TI Infections with Sarcocystis wenzeli are prevalent in the chickens of Yunnan Province, China, but not in the flocks of domesticated pigeons or ducks SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sorcocystis infection; Domestic birds; Sarcocystis wenzeli; Morphology; Definitive host ID INTERMEDIATE HOST; ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; RILEYI APICOMPLEXA; WATER-BUFFALO; FOWL; SINGAPORENSIS; SEQUENCES; COCCIDIA; EIMERIA; OOCYSTS AB The distribution and prevalence of infections with species of Sarcocystis in domestic fowl in Asia are poorly known. Here, ducks, pigeons, and chickens from Yunnan Province, China were examined for evidence of parasitic infection with Sarcocystis spp. One hundred and ninety one chickens, 514 ducks, and nine pigeons were investigated. Whereas the ducks and pigeons lacked tissue cysts in their muscle, brain or peripheral nervous system, cysts of Sarcocystis wenzeli were identified in 17 of 191 chickens (8.9%). Morphologically, the cysts were thread-like, ranging in size from 334-3169 x 41-117 mu m (mean 1093 x 65 mu m). Cysts were septate with dense, short finger-like protrusions which appeared radially striated. The cyst wall was 1.4-3.5 mu m (mean 2.4 mu m) thick. The bradyzoites were lancet shaped and measured 12.2-17.7 x 1.8-2.9 mu m (mean 14.6 x 2.5 mu m). Ultrastucturally, the primary sarcocyst wall had stubby villar protrusions, corresponding to the 'type 9' class previously designated. The protrusions measured 0.87-1.89 x 0.47-0.91 mu m (mean 1.27 x 0.59 mu m; n = 57). These findings confirm previous work from the vicinity of Kunming concerning the occurrence of S. wenzeli in chickens, and its use of both cats and dogs as definitive hosts, but indicate that corresponding infections may not occur in the regional domestic flocks of other types of fowl. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Xinwen; Zuo, Yangxian] Yunnan Univ, Dept Biol, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [He, Yongshu] Kunming Med Univ, Dept Cell Biol & Genet, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Liu, Yonghua] Ruili Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ruili 678600, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Olias, Philipp] Free Univ Berlin, Dept Vet Pathol, D-14163 Berlin, Germany. [Rosenthal, Benjamin M.] USDA BARC, Agr Res Serv, Anim Parast Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Cui, Liwang] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Yang, Zhaoqing] Kunming Med Univ, Dept Parasitol, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, Peoples R China. RP Zuo, YG (reprint author), Yunnan Univ, Dept Biol, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, Peoples R China. EM zhaoqingy@yahoo.com OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 FU The National Natural Science Foundation of China [30560022, 39660011, 30160013, 30960050]; USDA [1265-1400-11] FX This study was funded by The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30560022, 39660011, 30160013 and 30960050). Dr. Rosenthal was supported by a USDA Project 1265-1400-11. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 131 IS 1 BP 31 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.02.022 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 941IE UT WOS:000303956100005 PM 22426033 ER PT J AU Connor, EE Baldwin, RL Blanton, JR Johnson, SE Poulos, S Welsh, TH AF Connor, E. E. Baldwin, R. L. Blanton, J. R., Jr. Johnson, S. E. Poulos, S. Welsh, T. H., Jr. TI GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SYMPOSIUM: Understanding and mitigating the impacts of inflammation on animal growth and development SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Connor, E. E.; Baldwin, R. L.] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Blanton, J. R., Jr.] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. [Johnson, S. E.] Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Poulos, S.] Coca Cola Co, Res & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. [Welsh, T. H., Jr.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Connor, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM erin.connor@ars.usda.gov OI Poulos, Sylvia/0000-0002-4476-6679 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1436 EP 1437 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-5234 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 940HI UT WOS:000303880200006 PM 22573835 ER PT J AU Mani, V Weber, TE Baumgard, LH Gabler, NK AF Mani, V. Weber, T. E. Baumgard, L. H. Gabler, N. K. TI GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SYMPOSIUM: Endotoxin, inflammation, and intestinal function in livestock SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Growth and Development Symposium CY JUL 10-14, 2011 CL New Orleans, LA DE endotoxin; inflammation; intestine ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; INNATE IMMUNE RECOGNITION; MACROPHAGE CELL-LINE; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; LIPID RAFTS; TIGHT JUNCTIONS; BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; EPITHELIAL BARRIER; HIGH-DENSITY; IN-VIVO AB Endotoxin, also referred to as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), can stimulate localized or systemic inflammation via the activation of pattern recognition receptors. Additionally, endotoxin and inflammation can regulate intestinal epithelial function by altering integrity, nutrient transport, and utilization. The gastrointestinal tract is a large reservoir of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, of which the gram-negative bacteria serve as a source of endotoxin. Luminal endotoxin can enter circulation via two routes: 1) nonspecific paracellular transport through epithelial cell tight junctions, and 2) transcellular transport through lipid raft membrane domains involving receptor-mediated endocytosis. Paracellular transport of endotoxin occurs through dissociation of tight junction protein complexes resulting in reduced intestinal barrier integrity, which can be a result of enteric disease, inflammation, or environmental and metabolic stress. Transcellular transport, via specialized membrane regions rich in glycolipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol, and saturated fatty acids, is a result of raft recruitment of endotoxin-related signaling proteins leading to endotoxin signaling and endocytosis. Both transport routes and sensitivity to endotoxin may be altered by diet and environmental and metabolic stresses. Intestinal-derived endotoxin and inflammation result in suppressed appetite, activation of the immune system, and partitioning of energy and nutrients away from growth toward supporting the immune system requirements. In livestock, this leads to the suppression of growth, particularly suppression of lean tissue accretion. In this paper, we summarize the evidence that intestinal transport of endotoxin and the subsequent inflammation leads to decrease in the production performance of agricultural animals and we present an overview of endotoxin detoxification mechanisms in livestock. C1 [Mani, V.; Baumgard, L. H.; Gabler, N. K.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Mani, V.; Gabler, N. K.] Iowa State Univ, Interdept Toxicol Grad Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Weber, T. E.] USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gabler, NK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM ngabler@iastate.edu FU Elanco (Indianapolis, IN) and Pfizer Animal Health (New York, NY); American Society of Animal Science; Iowa Pork Producers Association; Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive [2010-65206-20670, 2011-68004-30336]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2011-67003-30007] FX Based on a presentation at the Growth and Development Symposium, "Understanding and mitigating the impacts of inflammation on animal growth and development," at the 2011 Annual Meeting, July 10 to 14, New Orleans, Louisiana. The symposium was sponsored, in part, by Elanco (Indianapolis, IN) and Pfizer Animal Health (New York, NY), with publication sponsored by the American Society of Animal Science and Journal of Animal Science.; This research was supported by the Iowa Pork Producers Association and the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grants 2010-65206-20670 (to N. K. Gabler), 2011-68004-30336 (to J. F. Patience), and 2011-67003-30007 (to L. H. Baumgard) from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Mention of a trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the USDA and does not imply approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 184 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1452 EP 1465 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4627 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 940HI UT WOS:000303880200008 PM 22247110 ER PT J AU Luebbe, MK Patterson, JM Jenkins, KH Buttrey, EK Davis, TC Clark, BE McCollum, FT Cole, NA MacDonald, JC AF Luebbe, M. K. Patterson, J. M. Jenkins, K. H. Buttrey, E. K. Davis, T. C. Clark, B. E. McCollum, F. T., III Cole, N. A. MacDonald, J. C. TI Wet distillers grains plus solubles concentration in steam-flaked-corn-based diets: Effects on feedlot cattle performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation characteristics SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Growth and Development Symposium CY JUL 10-14, 2011 CL New Orleans, LA DE corn processing; digestibility; distillers grains plus solubles; fat; fermentation; finishing cattle ID PROCESSING METHOD; FINISHING CATTLE; IN-VITRO; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; STARCH DIGESTION; ROUGHAGE LEVEL; BEEF-CATTLE; BY-PRODUCTS; PROTEIN; STEERS AB Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of wet distillers grain plus solubles (WDG; <15% sorghum grain) concentration in steam-flaked corn (SFC) diets on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, ruminal fermentation, and diet digestibility. In Exp. 1, six hundred crossbred steers (364 +/- 35 kg of BW) were used in a randomized complete block design with 8 replications/treatment. Dietary treatments consisted of a dry-rolled corn (DRC) control diet without WDG, a SFC control without WDG, and SFC with 4 WDG concentrations (15, 30, 45, 60% DM basis) replacing SFC, cottonseed meal, urea, and yellow grease. Final BW, ADG, G: F, HCW, and 12th-rib fat depth were greater (P <= 0.05) for SFC compared with DRC. Dry matter intake tended (P = 0.06) to be greater for DRC compared with SFC. Final BW, ADG, G: F, HCW, 12th-rib fat depth, and marbling score decreased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing WDG concentration. In Exp. 2, six ruminally and duodenally cannulated crossbred steers (481 +/- 18 kg of BW) were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square design using the same diets as Exp. 1. Ruminal, postruminal, and total tract OM and NDF digestibility were not different (P > 0.14) for DRC compared with SFC. Ruminal and total tract starch digestibility were greater (P < 0.01) for SFC compared with DRC. Dry matter and OM intake were not different (P >= 0.43) among WDG treatments. Ruminal and total tract OM digestibility decreased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing WDG concentration. Intake, ruminal digestibility, and total tract digestibility of NDF increased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing WDG concentration. Starch intake decreased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing WDG concentration. Ruminal starch digestibility increased (P = 0.01) with increasing concentration of WDG. Total tract starch digestibility decreased quadratically (P < 0.01) with increasing concentration of WDG. Feeding SFC improved steer performance compared with DRC. The concentration of WDG and corn processing method influences nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation. The addition of WDG in SFC-based diets appears to negatively affect animal performance by diluting the energy density of the diet. C1 [Luebbe, M. K.; Patterson, J. M.; Jenkins, K. H.; Buttrey, E. K.; Davis, T. C.; Clark, B. E.; MacDonald, J. C.] Texas AgriLife Res, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. [Buttrey, E. K.; Clark, B. E.; MacDonald, J. C.] W Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Sci, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. [McCollum, F. T., III] Texas AgriLife Extens, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. [Cole, N. A.] USDA ARS, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP MacDonald, JC (reprint author), Texas AgriLife Res, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. EM jcmacdonald@ag.tamu.edu FU Texas initiative for enhancing feed-yard beef cattle production through efficient and sustainable utilization of ethanol coproducts FX This project was funded by the Texas initiative for enhancing feed-yard beef cattle production through efficient and sustainable utilization of ethanol coproducts. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. The authors thank Tryon Wickersham (Department of Animal Scinece, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX) for conducting the Dumas method of N analysis and Merck Animal Health, De Soto, KS, for donating implants and animal health products. NR 56 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1589 EP 1602 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4567 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 940HI UT WOS:000303880200022 PM 22147473 ER PT J AU Foote, AP Harmon, DL Brown, KR Strickland, JR McLeod, KR Bush, LP Klotz, JL AF Foote, A. P. Harmon, D. L. Brown, K. R. Strickland, J. R. McLeod, K. R. Bush, L. P. Klotz, J. L. TI Constriction of bovine vasculature caused by endophyte-infected tall fescue seed extract is similar to pure ergovaline SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Growth and Development Symposium CY JUL 10-14, 2011 CL New Orleans, LA DE ergovaline; tall fescue; vasoconstriction ID SAPHENOUS-VEIN BIOASSAY; CAUDAL ARTERY; BEEF HEIFERS; RECEPTORS; TOXICOSIS; ALKALOIDS; RESPONSES; GROWTH; STEERS AB Ergovaline has been extensively used to study vasoactive effects of endophyte-(Neotyphodium coenophialum) infected tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum). However, initial results indicated that an extract of toxic tall fescue seed (E+EXT) is more potent than ergovaline alone in a right ruminal artery and vein bioassay. The E+EXT induced a greater contractile response than an equal concentration of ergovaline alone in the ruminal artery of heifers (P = 0.018). This led to a hypothesis that other compounds in the seed extract contribute to vasoconstriction. Thus, experiments were conducted to determine if vasoactivity of an E+EXT is different from a mixture of ergot alkaloids (ALK; ergovaline, ergotamine, ergocristine, ergocryptine, ergocornine, ergonovine, and lysergic acid) of similar concentrations and to determine if the vasoactivity of an E+EXT differs from an endophyte-free tall fescue seed extract (E-EXT). Segments of lateral saphenous vein and right ruminal artery and vein were collected from Holstein steers (n = 6) shortly after slaughter. Vessels were cleaned of excess connective tissue and fat and sliced into segments that were suspended in a multimyograph chamber with 5 mL of continually oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit buffer, equilibrated for 90 min, and exposed to a reference compound (120 mM KCl for ruminal vessels and 0.1 mM norepinephrine for saphenous vein). Increasing concentrations of each treatment (E+EXT, E-EXT, ALK, and ergovaline) were added to the respective chamber every 15 min after buffer replacement. Data were normalized as a percentage of maximal contractile response of the reference compound and fit to a sigmoidal concentration response curve. Ergovaline, ALK, and E+EXT induced similar responses in the saphenous vein, ruminal artery, and ruminal vein. The E+EXT displayed a smaller EC50 (half maximal effective concentration) than ergovaline or ALK in the saphenous vein and ruminal vein (P < 0.008), but not the ruminal artery (P = 0.31). Extrapolated maximum response was greatest in the saphenous vein for ergovaline, least for E+EXT, and intermediate for ALK (P < 0.0001). The E-EXT did not induce a contractile response in any vessel tested (P > 0.1). Data from this study indicate that ergovaline is largely responsible for the locally induced vasoconstriction of bovine vasculature observed with endophyte-infected tall fescue. C1 [Foote, A. P.; Harmon, D. L.; McLeod, K. R.] Univ Kentucky, USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Foote, A. P.; Harmon, D. L.; McLeod, K. R.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Bush, L. P.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Klotz, JL (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM james.klotz@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1603 EP 1609 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4513 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 940HI UT WOS:000303880200023 PM 22147482 ER PT J AU Ellis, S Akers, RM Capuco, AV Safayi, S AF Ellis, S. Akers, R. M. Capuco, A. V. Safayi, S. TI TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM: Bovine mammary epithelial cell lineages and parenchymal development SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mammary gland; myoepithelial; ovariectomy; parenchymal development ID MYOEPITHELIAL CELLS; STEM-CELLS; PREPUBERTAL HEIFERS; GLAND DEVELOPMENT; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; MILK REMOVAL; IN-VIVO; GROWTH; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Mammary development proceeds from an aggregation of cells in the ventral ectoderm to the establishment of an elaborate tree of alveoli, ducts, and cisternae. However, despite abundant data on endocrine regulation of ruminant mammary growth, we know comparatively little about cell lineages, expression of differentiation markers, and plasticity in mammary cell phenotype. Histologic analyses have revealed cell populations with distinct histochemical profiles, but functional assessment of cell populations during development has been limited to analysis of proliferation and frequency estimations of morphotypes. The lack of transplantation models, limited availability of validated antibodies with reactivity to bovine antigens, and similar technical challenges have generally hindered the pace of discovery, but the application of new technologies such as laser microdissection, transcriptional profiling, and multispectral image analysis are yielding important clues into bovine mammary cell ontogeny and developmental regulation. Our analyses have shown that prepubertal ovariectomy affects epithelial architecture, increases the proportion of cells expressing the estrogen receptor, and increases myoepithelial cell development, all concomitant with a dramatic reduction in the mass of parenchymal tissue. Our observations point to a dual role for ovarian secretions in the control of not only the rate of epithelial development, but also the nature of the parenchymal development. The balance of stimulus and inhibition pathways cooperatively regulates mammary growth. The increased reliance on objective staining analyses and quantitative approaches will ensure broader repeatability, application, and extension of the findings regarding the impact of the ovary and other regulatory entities and factors. Advances in understanding the ontogeny of mammary epithelial cells, coupled with established and increasing knowledge of endocrine factors affecting mammary development, may yield intervention strategies to improve dairy profitability. C1 [Ellis, S.; Safayi, S.] Clemson Univ, Dept Anim & Vet Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Akers, R. M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Capuco, A. V.] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ellis, S (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Anim & Vet Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM ellis@clemson.edu FU American Society of Animal Science; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2006-35206-16699, 2009-35208-05778, SC-1700250] FX Based on a presentation at the Triennial Lactation Symposium titled "Lactation Biology Training for the Next Generation-A Tribute to Dr. H. Allen Tucker" preceding the Joint Annual Meeting, July 10, 2011, New Orleans, Louisiana, with publication sponsored by the American Society of Animal Science and the Journal of Animal Science.; This project was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grants 2006-35206-16699 and 2009-35208-05778 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. This material is also based upon work supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture under Hatch project number SC-1700250. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1666 EP 1673 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4671 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 940HI UT WOS:000303880200031 PM 22100590 ER PT J AU Connor, EE Hutchison, JL Olson, KM Norman, HD AF Connor, E. E. Hutchison, J. L. Olson, K. M. Norman, H. D. TI TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM: Opportunities for improving milk production efficiency in dairy cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy cow; feed efficiency; residual feed intake ID BODY CONDITION SCORE; RESIDUAL FEED-INTAKE; BEEF-CATTLE; METHANE PRODUCTION; GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; HOLSTEIN COWS; ENERGY-INTAKE; SELECTION; YIELD; BEHAVIOR AB Increasing feed costs and the desire to improve environmental stewardship have stimulated renewed interest in improving feed efficiency of livestock, including that of US dairy herds. For instance, USDA cost projections for corn and soybean meal suggest a 20% increase over 2010 pricing for a 16% protein mixed dairy cow ration in 2011, which may lead to a reduction in cow numbers to maintain profitability of dairy production. Furthermore, an October 2010 study by The Innovation Center for US Dairy to assess the carbon footprint of fluid milk found that the efficiency of feed conversion is the single greatest factor contributing to variation in the carbon footprint because of its effects on methane release during enteric fermentation and from manure. Thus, we are conducting research in contemporary US Holsteins to identify cows most efficient at converting feed to milk in temperate climates using residual feed intake (RFI), a measure used successfully to identify the beef cattle most efficient at converting feed to gain. Residual feed intake is calculated as the difference between predicted and actual feed intake to support maintenance and production (e. g., growth in beef cattle, or milk in dairy cattle). Heritability estimates for RFI in dairy cattle reported in the literature range from 0.01 to 0.38. Selection for a decreased RFI phenotype can reduce feed intake, methane production, nutrient losses in manure, and visceral organ weights substantially in beef cattle. We have estimated RFI during early lactation (i.e., to 90 d in milk) in the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center Holstein herd and observed a mean difference of 3.7 kg/d (P < 0.0001) in actual DMI between the efficient and inefficient groups (+/- 0.5 SD from the mean RFI of 0), with no evidence of differences (P > 0.20) in mean BW, ADG, or energy-corrected milk exhibited between the 2 groups. These results indicate promise for using RFI in dairy cattle to improve feed conversion to milk. Previous and current research on the use of RFI in lactating dairy cattle are discussed, as well as opportunities to improve production efficiency of dairy cattle using RFI for milk production. C1 [Connor, E. E.] ARS, USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hutchison, J. L.; Norman, H. D.] ARS, USDA, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Olson, K. M.] Natl Assoc Anim Breeders, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. RP Connor, EE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM erin.connor@ars.usda.gov FU American Society of Animal Science FX Based on a presentation at the Triennial Lactation Symposium titled "Lactation Biology Training for the Next Generation-A Tribute to Dr. H. Allen Tucker" preceding the Joint Annual Meeting, July 10, 2011, New Orleans, Louisiana, with publication sponsored by the American Society of Animal Science and the Journal of Animal Science. NR 56 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 37 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1687 EP 1694 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4528 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 940HI UT WOS:000303880200033 PM 22038990 ER PT J AU Chapman, SJ Mulvaney, SJ Chinnaswamy, R Rayas-Duarte, P Allvin, B AF Chapman, Stephen J. Mulvaney, Steven J. Chinnaswamy, Rangan Rayas-Duarte, Patricia Allvin, Bo TI Large deformation stress relaxation and compression-recovery of gluten representing different wheat classes SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gluten; Large deformation; Bi-axial compression; Stress relaxation ID RHEOLOGY; STRENGTH; MACROPOLYMER; HYPOTHESIS; ELASTICITY; PARTICLES; PROTEINS; DOUGHS AB Despite the great variety of physicochemical and rheological tests available for measuring wheat flour, dough and gluten quality, the US wheat marketing system still relies primarily on wheat kernel hardness and growing season to categorize cultivars. To better understand and differentiate wheat cultivars of the same class, the tensile strength, and stress relaxation behavior of gluten from 15 wheat cultivars was measured and compared to other available physicochemical parameters, including but not limited to protein content, glutenin macropolymer content (GMP) and bread loaf volume. In addition, a novel gluten compression relaxation (Gluten CORE) instrument was used to measure the degree of elastic recovery of gluten for 15 common US wheat cultivars. Gluten strength ranged from 0.04 to 0.43 N at 500% extension, while the degree of recovery ranged from 5 to 78%. Measuring gluten strength clearly differentiated cultivars within a wheat class: nonetheless it was not a good predictor of baking quality on its own in terms of bread volume. Gluten strength was highly correlated with mixograph mixing times (r = 0.879) and degree of recovery (r = 0.855), suggesting that dough development time was influenced by gluten strength and that the CORE instrument was a suitable alternative to tensile testing, since it is less time intensive and less laborious to use. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chapman, Stephen J.; Mulvaney, Steven J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Chinnaswamy, Rangan] USDA GIPSA, Natl Grain Ctr, Kansas City, MO 64153 USA. [Rayas-Duarte, Patricia] Oklahoma State Univ, Biochem & Mol Biol Dept, Robert M Kerr Food & Agr Prod Ctr, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Allvin, Bo] Perten Instruments AB, Huddinge, Sweden. RP Mulvaney, SJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM sjm7@cornell.edu NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 55 IS 3 BP 366 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.01.012 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 942VO UT WOS:000304078300017 ER PT J AU Buda, AR Koopmans, GF Bryant, RB Chardon, WJ AF Buda, Anthony R. Koopmans, Gerwin F. Bryant, Ray B. Chardon, Wim J. TI Emerging Technologies for Removing Nonpoint Phosphorus from Surface Water and Groundwater: Introduction SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CONSTRUCTED WETLAND SYSTEMS; COMBUSTION BY-PRODUCTS; COASTAL-PLAIN SOILS; SORBING MATERIALS; WASTE-WATER; DRAINAGE WATER; POULTRY LITTER; RUNOFF; MANURE; AMENDMENTS AB Coastal and freshwater eutrophication continues to accelerate at sites around the world despite intense efforts to control agricultural P loss using traditional conservation and nutrient management strategies. To achieve required reductions in nonpoint P over the next decade, new tools will be needed to address P transfers from soils and applied P sources. Innovative remediation practices are being developed to remove nonpoint P sources from surface water and groundwater using P sorbing materials (PSMs) derived from natural, synthetic, and industrial sources. A wide array of technologies has been conceived, ranging from amendments that immobilize P in soils and manures to filters that remove P from agricultural drainage waters. This collection of papers summarizes theoretical modeling, laboratory, field, and economic assessments of P removal technologies. Modeling and laboratory studies demonstrate the importance of evaluating P removal technologies under controlled conditions before field deployment, and field studies highlight several challenges to P removal that may be unanticipated in the laboratory, including limited P retention by filters during storms, as well as clogging of filters due to sedimentation. Despite the potential of P removal technologies to improve water quality, gaps in our knowledge remain, and additional studies are needed to characterize the long-term performance of these technologies, as well as to more fully understand their costs and benefits in the context of whole-farm- and watershed-scale P management. C1 [Buda, Anthony R.; Bryant, Ray B.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Koopmans, Gerwin F.; Chardon, Wim J.] Wageningen Univ & Res Ctr WUR, Soil Sci Ctr, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Koopmans, Gerwin F.] Wageningen Univ, Dep Soil Qual, WUR, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Buda, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Anthony.Buda@ars.usda.gov RI Buda, Anthony/B-4860-2013; Koopmans, Gerwin/D-3412-2014; OI Chardon, Wim/0000-0002-7261-869X NR 58 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 68 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 41 IS 3 BP 621 EP 627 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0080 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 940NU UT WOS:000303901100001 PM 22565243 ER PT J AU Bryant, RB Buda, AR Kleinman, PJA Church, CD Saporito, LS Folmar, GJ Bose, S Allen, AL AF Bryant, Ray B. Buda, Anthony R. Kleinman, Peter J. A. Church, Clinton D. Saporito, Louis S. Folmar, Gordon J. Bose, Salil Allen, Arthur L. TI Using Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum to Remove Dissolved Phosphorus from Agricultural Drainage Waters SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID COMBUSTION BY-PRODUCTS; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; SORBING MATERIALS; FLY-ASH; SOILS; SOLUBILITY; AMENDMENTS; DYNAMICS; CALCIUM; QUALITY AB High levels of accumulated phosphorus (P) in soils of the Delmarva Peninsula are a major source of dissolved P entering drainage ditches that empty into the Chesapeake Bay. The objective of this study was to design, construct, and monitor a within-ditch filter to remove dissolved P, thereby protecting receiving waters against P losses from upstream areas. In April 2007, 110 Mg of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum, a low-cost coal combustion product, was used as the reactive ingredient in a ditch filter. The ditch filter was monitored from 2007 to 2010, during which time 29 storm-induced flow events were characterized. For storm-induced flow, the event mean concentration efficiency for total dissolved P (TDP) removal for water passing through the gypsum bed was 73 +/- 27% confidence interval (alpha = 0.05). The removal efficiency for storm-induced flow by the summation of load method was 65 +/- 27% confidence interval (alpha = 0.05). Although chemically effective, the maximum observed hydraulic conductivity of FGD gypsum was 4 L s(-1) but it decreased over time to <1 L s(-1). When bypass flow and base flow were taken into consideration, the ditch filter removed approximately 22% of the TDP load over the 3.6-yr monitoring period. Due to maintenance and clean-out requirements, we conclude that ditch filtration using FGD gypsum is not practical at a farm scale. However, we propose an alternate design consisting of FGD gypsum-filled trenches parallel to the ditch to intercept and treat groundwater before it enters the ditch. C1 [Bryant, Ray B.; Buda, Anthony R.; Kleinman, Peter J. A.; Church, Clinton D.; Saporito, Louis S.; Folmar, Gordon J.] USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bose, Salil] Constellat Power Generat, FSRC, Baltimore, MD 21226 USA. [Allen, Arthur L.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Bryant, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ray.bryant@ars.usda.gov RI Buda, Anthony/B-4860-2013 FU University of Maryland Eastern Shore and the USDA Agricultural Research Service FX The authors thank the staff and students of the University of Maryland Eastern Shore's Nutrient Management Laboratory for their valuable contributions to this study. Don Mahan collected samples and maintained the study site. Janice Donohoe and Leonard Kibet led and supervised a dedicated group of undergraduate and graduate students who processed and assisted in analyzing samples. This project was funded by the University of Maryland Eastern Shore and the USDA Agricultural Research Service. NR 39 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 41 IS 3 BP 664 EP 671 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0294 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 940NU UT WOS:000303901100006 PM 22565248 ER PT J AU Parkin, TB Venterea, RT Hargreaves, SK AF Parkin, T. B. Venterea, R. T. Hargreaves, S. K. TI Calculating the Detection Limits of Chamber-based Soil Greenhouse Gas Flux Measurements SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE EMISSIONS; DIFFUSION-MODEL; STATIC CHAMBERS; EXCHANGE AB Renewed interest in quantifying greenhouse gas emissions from soil has led to an increase in the application of chamber-based flux measurement techniques. Despite the apparent conceptual simplicity of chamber-based methods, nuances in chamber design, deployment, and data analyses can have marked effects on the quality of the flux data derived. In many cases, fluxes are calculated from chamber headspace vs. time series consisting of three or four data points. Several mathematical techniques have been used to calculate a soil gas flux from time course data. This paper explores the influences of sampling and analytical variability associated with trace gas concentration quantification on the flux estimated by linear and nonlinear models. We used Monte Carlo simulation to calculate the minimum detectable fluxes (alpha = 0.05) of linear regression (LR), the Hutchinson/Mosier (HIM) method, the quadratic method (Quad), the revised H/M (HMR) model, and restricted versions of the Quad and HIM methods over a range of analytical precisions and chamber deployment times (DT) for data sets consisting of three or four time points. We found that LR had the smallest detection limit thresholds and was the least sensitive to analytical precision and chamber deployment time. The HMR model had the highest detection limits and was most sensitive to analytical precision and chamber deployment time. Equations were developed that enable the calculation of flux detection limits of any gas species if analytical precision, chamber deployment time, and ambient concentration of the gas species are known. C1 [Parkin, T. B.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Venterea, R. T.] USDA ARS, Soil & Water Res Management Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hargreaves, S. K.] Iowa State Univ, Dep Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Parkin, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Tim.Parkin@ars.usda.gov RI Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009 NR 21 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 11 U2 96 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 41 IS 3 BP 705 EP 715 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0394 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 940NU UT WOS:000303901100010 PM 22565252 ER PT J AU Gardner, T Acosta-Martinez, V Calderon, FJ Zobeck, TM Baddock, M Van Pelt, RS Senwo, Z Dowd, S Cox, S AF Gardner, Terrence Acosta-Martinez, Veronica Calderon, Francisco J. Zobeck, Ted M. Baddock, Matthew Van Pelt, R. Scott Senwo, Zachary Dowd, Scot Cox, Stephen TI Pyrosequencing Reveals Bacteria Carried in Different Wind-Eroded Sediments SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SP-NOV.; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; GEN. NOV.; MIDINFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; SOIL; DUST; DIVERSITY; FIELD; ARYLSULFATASE; COMMUNITIES AB Little is known about the microbial communities carried in wind-eroded sediments from various soil types and land management systems. The novel technique of pyrosequencing promises to expand our understanding of the microbial diversity of soils and eroded sediments because it can sequence 10 to 100 times more DNA fragments than previous techniques, providing enhanced exploration into what microbes are being lost from soil due to wind erosion. Our study evaluated the bacterial diversity of two types of wind-eroded sediments collected from three different organic-rich soils in Michigan using a portable field wind tunnel. The wind-eroded sediments evaluated were a coarse sized fraction with 66% of particles >106 mu m (coarse eroded sediment) and a finer eroded sediment with 72% of particles <106 mu m. Our findings suggested that (i) bacteria carried in the coarser sediment and fine dust were effective fingerprints of the source soil, although their distribution may vary dependingon the soil characteristics because certain bacteria may be more protected in soil surfaces than others; (ii) coarser wind-eroded sediment showed higher bacterial diversity than fine dust in two of the three soils evaluated; and (iii) certain bacteria were more predominant in fine dust (Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes) than coarse sediment (Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria), revealing different locations and niches of bacteria in soil, which, depending on wind erosion processes, can have important implications on the soil sustainability and functioning. Infrared spectroscopy showed that wind erosion preferentially removes particular kinds of C from the soil that are lost via fine dust. Our study shows that eroded sediments remove the active labile organic soil particulates containing key microorganisms involved in soil biogeochemical processes, which can have a negative impact on the quality and functioning of the source soil. C1 [Gardner, Terrence; Acosta-Martinez, Veronica; Zobeck, Ted M.; Baddock, Matthew] USDA ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Gardner, Terrence; Senwo, Zachary] Alabama A&M Univ, Dep Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Calderon, Francisco J.] USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. [Baddock, Matthew] Univ Virginia, Dep Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Van Pelt, R. Scott] USDA ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. [Dowd, Scot; Cox, Stephen] Res & Testing Lab, Lubbock, TX 79416 USA. RP Gardner, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM terrence.gardner@ars.usda.gov RI Baddock, Matthew/A-5739-2012; OI Baddock, Matthew/0000-0003-1490-7511; Gardner, Terrence/0000-0002-6018-2083 NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 41 IS 3 BP 744 EP 753 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0347 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 940NU UT WOS:000303901100014 PM 22565256 ER PT J AU Tian, SY Youssef, MA Skaggs, RW Amatya, DM Chescheir, GM AF Tian, Shiying Youssef, Mohamed A. Skaggs, R. Wayne Amatya, Devendra M. Chescheir, G. M. TI DRAINMOD-FOREST: Integrated Modeling of Hydrology, Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics, and Plant Growth for Drained Forests SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID LOBLOLLY-PINE PLANTATION; RADIATION-USE EFFICIENCY; CAROLINA COASTAL-PLAIN; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; FINE-ROOT PRODUCTION; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CO2 ENRICHMENT; LINKED CARBON; UNITED-STATES AB We present a hybrid and stand-level forest ecosystem model, DRAINMOD-FOREST, for simulating the hydrology, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics, and tree growth for drained forest lands under common silvicultural practices. The model was developed by linking DRAINMOD, the hydrological model, and DRAINMOD-N II, the soil C and N dynamics model, to a forest growth model, which was adapted mainly from the 3-PG model. The forest growth model estimates net primary production, C allocation, and litterfall using physiology-based methods regulated by air temperature, water deficit, stand age, and soil N conditions. The performance of the newly developed DRAINMOD-FOREST model was evaluated using a long-term (21-yr) data set collected from an artificially drained loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation in eastern North Carolina, USA. Results indicated that the DRAINMOD-FOREST accurately predicted annual, monthly, and daily drainage, as indicated by Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients of 0.93, 0.87, and 0.75, respectively. The model also predicted annual net primary productivity and dynamics of leaf area index reasonably well. Predicted temporal changes in the organic matter pool on the forest floor and in forest soil were reasonable compared to published literature. Both predicted annual and monthly nitrate export were in good agreement with field measurements, as indicated by Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients above 0.89 and 0.79 for annual and monthly predictions, respectively. This application of DRAINMOD-FOREST demonstrated its capability for predicting hydrology and C and N dynamics in drained forests under limited silvicultural practices. C1 [Tian, Shiying; Youssef, Mohamed A.; Skaggs, R. Wayne; Chescheir, G. M.] N Carolina Cent Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, DS Weaver Labs, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Chescheir, G. M.] Ctr Forested Wetland Res, USDA Forest Serv, Cordesville, SC 29434 USA. RP Tian, SY (reprint author), N Carolina Cent Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, DS Weaver Labs, Campus Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM stian.tsy@gmail.com RI Tian, shiying/J-8260-2012 FU USDA Forest Service; Southern Research Station; Center for Forested Wetlands Research (Federal) [06-CA-I1330 135-173]; National Council for Air & Stream Improvement (NCASI), Inc. FX This work was supported in part by funds provided by the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, and Center for Forested Wetlands Research (Federal Grant 06-CA-I1330 135-173) through funds provided by the National Council for Air & Stream Improvement (NCASI), Inc. In-kind support in the form of land use and technical support has been provided by Weyerhaeuser Company. NR 93 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 41 IS 3 BP 764 EP 782 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0388 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 940NU UT WOS:000303901100016 PM 22565258 ER PT J AU Bailey, RT Hunter, WJ Gates, TK AF Bailey, Ryan T. Hunter, William J. Gates, Timothy K. TI The Influence of Nitrate on Selenium in Irrigated Agricultural Groundwater Systems SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SELENATE REDUCTION; ELEMENTAL SELENIUM; KESTERSON RESERVOIR; MICROBIAL OXIDATION; ALLUVIAL SOILS; SEDIMENTS; MOBILITY; AQUIFER; WATER; DENITRIFICATION AB Selenium (Se) contamination of groundwater is an environmental concern especially in areas where aquifer systems are underlain by Se-bearing geologic formations such as marine shale. This study examined the influence of nitrate (NO3) on Se species in irrigated soil and groundwater systems and presents results from field and laboratory studies that further clarify this influence. Inhibition of selenate (SeO4) reduction in the presence of NO3 and the oxidation of reduced Se from shale by autotrophic denitrification were investigated. Groundwater sampling from piezometers near an alluvium-shale interface suggests that SeO4 present in the groundwater was due in part to autotrophic denitrification. Laboratory shale oxidation batch studies indicate that autotrophic denitrification is a major driver in the release of SeO4 and sulfate. Similar findings occurred for a shale oxidation flow-through column study, with 70 and 31% more reduced Se and S mass, respectively, removed from the shale material in the presence of NO3 than in its absence. A final laboratory flow-through column test was performed with shallow soil samples to assess the inhibition of SeO4 reduction in the presence of NO3, with results suggesting that a concentration of NO3 of approximately 5 mg L-1 or greater will diminish the reduction of SeO4. The inclusion of the fate and transport of NO3 and dissolved oxygen is imperative when studying or simulating the fate and transport of Se species in soil and groundwater systems. C1 [Bailey, Ryan T.; Gates, Timothy K.] Colorado State Univ, Dep Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hunter, William J.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Bailey, RT (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dep Civil & Environm Engn, 1372 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM rtbailey@engr.colostate.edu OI Bailey, Ryan/0000-0002-6539-1474 FU Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment; Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES) [COL00690] FX The authors thank Robin Montenieri for expert technical assistance, Dr. Ardell Halvorson and Dr. Michael Bartolo for providing the opportunity to sample soil from the Arkansas Valley Research Center, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions in improving the content of this paper. The majority of this work has been made possible by grants from the Nonpoint Source Program of the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment and the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES) (Project No. COL00690). NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 41 IS 3 BP 783 EP 792 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0311 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 940NU UT WOS:000303901100017 PM 22565259 ER PT J AU He, ZQ Ohno, T AF He, Zhongqi Ohno, Tsutomu TI Fourier Transform Infrared and Fluorescence Spectral Features of Organic Matter in Conventional and Organic Dairy Manure SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOIL; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; COMPONENTS; FRACTIONS; FARMS; C-13 AB Organic dairy production has exhibited potential for growth in the United States dairy sector. However, little information is available on whether there is any difference in manure composition and quality between organic (OD) and conventional (CD) dairy manure even though the composition and quality are important parameters with respect to availability, utilization, and cycling of manure nutrients and environmental impact evaluation. We comparatively characterized whole and water-extracted materials of 15 OD and seven CD dairy manure samples by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and fluorescence spectroscopies. Fourier transform infrared features of manure organic matter varied mainly in the 1650 to 1550 cm(-1) range, reflecting the presence of different N compounds in these manure samples. Fluorescence data revealed five fluorophore components present in the water-extracted organic matter from the manures. We found no clearly distinct value ranges in whole and water-extractable organic matter between the two types of dairy manure with respect to C and N contents and FT-IR and fluorescence spectral features. However, based on the average values, we observed general pattern differences on the effect of organic farming on the manure composition: OD contained less soluble C and N compounds on dry weight basis but more hydrophobic aliphatic groups in whole manure. The soluble organic matter in OD samples contained more stable humic- and lignin-related components and less amino/protein N-related components based on their spectroscopic features. These differences might be attributed to more forage feedstuffs in organic dairy farming management and more protein additives in conventional dairy feedstuffs. Information from this work may be useful in aiding organic dairy farmers in making manure management decisions. C1 [He, Zhongqi] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Ohno, Tsutomu] Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP He, ZQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Zhongqi.He@ars.usda.gov OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 41 IS 3 BP 911 EP 919 DI 10.2134/jeg2011.0226 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 940NU UT WOS:000303901100030 PM 22565272 ER PT J AU Pereira, BFF He, ZL Stoffella, PJ Montes, CR Melfi, AJ Baligar, VC AF Faria Pereira, B. F. He, Zhenli Stoffella, Peter J. Montes, Celia R. Melfi, Adolpho J. Baligar, Virupax C. TI Nutrients and Nonessential Elements in Soil after 11 Years of Wastewater Irrigation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; TRACE-ELEMENTS; HEAVY-METALS; TREE GROWTH; CITRUS; REUSE; PHOSPHORUS; EFFLUENT; AVAILABILITY; NUTRITION AB Irrigation of citrus (Citrus aurantium L. x Citrus paradise Macf.) with urban reclaimed wastewater (RWW) can be economical and conserve fresh water. However, concerns remain regarding its deleterious effects on soil quality. We investigated the ionic speciation (ISP) of RWW and potential impacts of 11 yr of irrigation with RWW on soil quality, compared with well-water (WW) irrigation. Most of nutrients (similar to 53-99%) in RWW are free ionic species and readily available for plant uptake, such as: NH4+, NO3-, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, H3BO3, Cl-, Fe2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Co2+, and Ni2+, whereas more than about 80% of Cu, Cr, Pb, and Al are complexed with CO3-, OH-, and/or organic matter. The RWW irrigation increased the availability and total concentrations of nutrients and nonessential elements, and soil salinity and sodicity by two to three times compared with WW-irrigated soils. Although RWW irrigation changed many soil parameters, no difference in citrus yield was observed. The risk of negative impacts from RWW irrigation on soil quality appears to be minimal because of: (i) adequate quality of RWW, according to USEPA limits; (ii) low concentrations of metals in soil after 11 yr of irrigation with RWW; and (iii) rapid leaching of salts in RWW-irrigated soil during the rainy season. C1 [Faria Pereira, B. F.; He, Zhenli; Stoffella, Peter J.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Faria Pereira, B. F.] Univ Fed Amazonas, Fac Ciencias Agr, Manaus, AM, Brazil. [Montes, Celia R.] Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Nucl Energy Agr, BR-13416903 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Melfi, Adolpho J.] Univ Sao Paulo, BR-13418900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Baligar, Virupax C.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP He, ZL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, 2199 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM zhe@ufl.edu RI Pereira, Bruno /F-9547-2012; Melfi, Adolpho/C-5423-2012; Montes, Celia/E-5911-2012; He, Zhenli/R-1494-2016 OI Pereira, Bruno /0000-0001-9908-730X; Melfi, Adolpho/0000-0001-5960-937X; He, Zhenli/0000-0001-7761-2070 FU FAPESP (Sao Paulo Research Foundation) [06/56419-6]; University of Florida FX This work was, in part, supported by a fellowship from FAPESP (Sao Paulo Research Foundation) awarded to B.F.F. Pereira (process# 06/56419-6) and the University of Florida. The authors would like to thank Douglas J. Banks for his assistance with the sampling and ICP-OES analysis of soil, plant, and water samples, and Yuangen Yang, Qin Lu, and Jinghua Fan for their assistance with chemical analyses. We would like to also thank Jamie Gamiotea for providing the analytical data of RWW NR 68 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 41 IS 3 BP 920 EP 927 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0047 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 940NU UT WOS:000303901100031 PM 22565273 ER PT J AU Dell, CJ Kleinman, PJA Schmidt, JP Beegle, DB AF Dell, Curtis J. Kleinman, Peter J. A. Schmidt, John P. Beegle, Douglas B. TI Low-Disturbance Manure Incorporation Effects on Ammonia and Nitrate Loss SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID EQUILIBRIUM CONCENTRATION; NITROGEN LOSSES; CATTLE SLURRY; RESIDUE COVER; EMISSION; VOLATILIZATION; REDUCTION; LAND; INJECTION; YIELD AB Low-disturbance manure application methods can provide the benefits of manure incorporation, including reducing ammonia (NH3) emissions, in production systems where tillage is not possible. However, incorporation can exacerbate nitrate (NO3-) leaching. We sought to assess the trade-offs in NH3 and NO3- fosses caused by alternative manure application methods. Dairy slurry (2006-2007) and liquid swine manure (2008-2009) were applied to no-till corn by (i) shallow (<10 cm) disk injection, (ii) surface banding with soil aeration, (iii) broadcasting, and (iv) broadcasting with tillage incorporation. Ammonia emissions were monitored for 72 h after application using ventilated chambers and passive diffusion samplers, and NO3- leaching to 80 cm was monitored with buried column lysimeters. The greatest NH3 emissions occurred with broadcasting (35-63 kg NH3-N ha(-1)), and the lowest emissions were from unamended soil (<1 kg NH3-N ha(-1)). Injection decreased NH3-N emissions by 91 to 99% compared with broadcasting and resulted in lower emissions than tillage incorporation 1 h after broadcasting. Ammonia-nitrogen emissions from banding manure with aeration were inconsistent between years, averaging 0 to 71% that of broadcasting. Annual NO3- leaching losses were small (<25 kg NO3-N ha(-1)) and similar between treatments, except for the first winter when NO3- leaching was fivefold greater with injection. Because NO3- leaching with injection was substantially lower over subsequent seasons, we hypothesize that the elevated losses during the first winter were through preferential flow paths inadvertently created during lysimeter installation. Overall, shallow disk injection yielded the lowest NH3 emissions without consistently increasing NO3- leaching, whereas manure banding with soil aeration conserved inconsistent amounts of C1 [Dell, Curtis J.; Kleinman, Peter J. A.; Schmidt, John P.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Beegle, Douglas B.] Penn State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Dell, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Curtis.Dell@ars.usda.gov RI Yang, Yang/C-7464-2012 FU Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture; USDA GIG FX Funding for the project was provided by grants from the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture and USDA GIG. The authors thank the staffs of USDA-ARS Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit and the Penn State Crop and Soil Sciences Departments for their many contributions to the project (in particular, Keisha Johnson obtained measurements of manure coverage) and Mark Powell and Tom Misselbrook for technical assistance. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 41 IS 3 BP 928 EP 937 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0327 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 940NU UT WOS:000303901100032 PM 22565274 ER PT J AU Pandurangan, S Pajak, A Molnar, SJ Cober, ER Dhaubhadel, S Hernandez-Sebastia, C Kaiser, WM Nelson, RL Huber, SC Marsolais, F AF Pandurangan, Sudhakar Pajak, Agnieszka Molnar, Stephen J. Cober, Elroy R. Dhaubhadel, Sangeeta Hernandez-Sebastia, Cinta Kaiser, Werner M. Nelson, Randall L. Huber, Steven C. Marsolais, Frederic TI Relationship between asparagine metabolism and protein concentration in soybean seed SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Asparaginase; asparagine; asparagine synthetase; quantitative trait locus; seed protein concentration; soybean ID LINKAGE GROUP-I; AMINO-ACIDS; VICIA-NARBONENSIS; INBRED LINES; OIL CONTENT; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; ECTOPIC EXPRESSION; PHLOEM TRANSPORT; BRASSICA-NAPUS AB The relationship between asparagine metabolism and protein concentration was investigated in soybean seed. Phenotyping of a population of recombinant inbred lines adapted to Illinois confirmed a positive correlation between free asparagine levels in developing seeds and protein concentration at maturity. Analysis of a second population of recombinant inbred lines adapted to Ontario associated the elevated free asparagine trait with two of four quantitative trait loci determining population variation for protein concentration, including a major one on chromosome 20 (linkage group I) which has been reported in multiple populations. In the seed coat, levels of asparagine synthetase were high at 50 mg and progressively declined until 150 mg seed weight, suggesting that nitrogenous assimilates are pre-conditioned at early developmental stages to enable a high concentration of asparagine in the embryo. The levels of asparaginase B1 showed an opposite pattern, being low at 50 mg and progressively increased until 150 mg, coinciding with an active phase of storage reserve accumulation. In a pair of genetically related cultivars, similar to 2-fold higher levels of asparaginase B1 protein and activity in seed coat, were associated with high protein concentration, reflecting enhanced flux of nitrogen. Transcript expression analyses attributed this difference to a specific asparaginase gene, ASPGB1a. These results contribute to our understanding of the processes determining protein concentration in soybean seed. C1 [Huber, Steven C.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Huber, Steven C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Pandurangan, Sudhakar; Dhaubhadel, Sangeeta; Marsolais, Frederic] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Pandurangan, Sudhakar; Pajak, Agnieszka; Dhaubhadel, Sangeeta; Hernandez-Sebastia, Cinta; Marsolais, Frederic] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Genom & Biotechnol, So Crop Protect & Food Res Ctr, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada. [Molnar, Stephen J.; Cober, Elroy R.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Bioprod & Bioproc & Sustainable Prod Syst, Eastern Cereal & Oilseeds Res Ctr, Cent Expt Farm, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Kaiser, Werner M.] Univ Wurzburg, Julius von Sachs Inst Biosci, Dept Bot 1, D-97082 Wurzburg, Germany. [Nelson, Randall L.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, 1201 W Gregory Dr,197 ERML, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM schuber1@illinois.edu; Frederic.Marsolais@agr.gc.ca OI Cober, Elroy/0000-0002-4673-1808 FU United Soybean Board FX This research was supported in part by the United Soybean Board. We are grateful to Rey Interior, at the Advanced Protein Technology Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, for amino acid analyses. We are indebted to Alex Molnar, at the Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Center, for preparation of figures. We thank Denis Maxwell, at the University of Western Ontario, for serving as SP's co-supervisor during his MSc programme. NR 64 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 28 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 EI 1460-2431 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 63 IS 8 BP 3173 EP 3184 DI 10.1093/jxb/ers039 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 944JO UT WOS:000304196900025 PM 22357599 ER PT J AU Chavez, JL Gowda, PH Howell, TA Garcia, LA Copeland, KS Neale, CMU AF Chavez, J. L. Gowda, P. H. Howell, T. A. Garcia, L. A. Copeland, K. S. Neale, C. M. U. TI ET Mapping with High-Resolution Airborne Remote Sensing Data in an Advective Semiarid Environment SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Aerial photography; Crop water management; Energy balance; Evapotranspiration; Lysimeters; Remote sensing ID ENERGY-BALANCE; ESTIMATING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; HEAT FLUXES; CALIBRATION; MODEL; TEMPERATURES; PERFORMANCE; CHALLENGES; SYSTEM; FIELD AB Accurate estimates of spatially distributed evapotranspiration (ET) are essential for managing water in irrigated regions and for hydrologic modeling. METRIC (Mapping ET at high Resolutions with Internal Calibration) energy balance algorithm was applied to derive ET from six high-resolution aircraft images (0.5-2.0 m pixels). Images were acquired over the USDA Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Conservation and Production Research Laboratory (CPRL) in the semiarid Southern High Plains. The remote sensing (RS) campaign occurred during the 2007 summer cropping season. Daily ET estimations were evaluated using measured ET data from five monolithic weighing lysimeters located in the CPRL. On average, errors in estimating hourly ET were -0.7 +/- 11.6%; for daily ET, errors were 2.4 +/- 9.3%. Results indicated that METRIC algorithm estimated ET values well when the surface roughness for momentum transfer considered heterogeneous surface conditions and when the grass reference ET fraction was used to extrapolate instantaneous estimates of ET. Results showed that it was possible to apply METRIC with airborne images in a semiarid environment. However, an appropriate (or combination of) surface roughness length and ET extrapolation methods have to be incorporated into the ET algorithm. C1 [Chavez, J. L.; Garcia, L. A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gowda, P. H.; Howell, T. A.; Copeland, K. S.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Neale, C. M. U.] Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Chavez, JL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1372 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Jose.Chavez@ColoState.edu; Prasanna.Gowda@ars.usda.gov; Terry.Howell@ars.usda.gov; Luis.Garcia@ColoState.edu; Karen.Copeland@ars.usda.gov; Christopher.Neale@usu.edu RI Neale, Christopher/G-3860-2012; Neale, Christopher/P-3676-2015 OI Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410; Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410 FU Ogallala Aquifer Program; USDA-ARS; Colorado State University FX This study was possible thanks to funding provided through the Ogallala Aquifer Program, the USDA-ARS, and Colorado State University. Sincere appreciation goes to the following individuals who provided assistance: Donald A. Dusek, and Kim Bush. In addition, the authors are grateful for the suggestions and comments of anonymous reviewers who helped improve the quality of this article. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAY PY 2012 VL 138 IS 5 BP 416 EP 423 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000417 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 940ZJ UT WOS:000303931300003 ER PT J AU Strelkoff, TS Clemmens, AJ Bautista, E AF Strelkoff, Theodor S. Clemmens, Albert J. Bautista, Eduardo TI Shape Factors for Elements of the Infiltration Profile in Surface Irrigation: Generic Approach SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Surface irrigation modeling; Infiltration profile; Numerical methods AB Advanced mathematical models of surface irrigation use the equations of motion applied to a series of cells comprising the surface stream and an infiltration profile. In the simulation, a mass balance must be preserved among the inflow, surface stream, infiltrated profile, and runoff volumes. The shapes of the profiles are not known a priori, yet the curvature of the element boundaries influences the calculation of the volume contained therein, especially near the front of the irrigation stream. This paper presents a focus on the shape of the subsurface volume elements comprising the infiltration profile. Previous calculations of shape factors documenting departures from assumed first-order approximations (trapezoidal shapes) have been on the basis of empirical equations selected to describe infiltration as a function of wetting time. Modern simulations are not always on the basis of empirical formulas but increasingly rely on solutions of physically based approaches, such as the Green-Ampt or Richard's equation. These solutions provide only tabulated values of infiltration and infiltration rates along the profile. The proposed generic approach calculates shape factors for each cell of the profile on the basis of the calculated change in infiltration rates on the two sides of the cell. C1 [Strelkoff, Theodor S.; Bautista, Eduardo] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Clemmens, Albert J.] WEST Consultants Inc, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. RP Strelkoff, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Ln, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM Theodor.Strelkoff@ars.usda.gov; bclemmens@westconsultants.com; Eduardo.Bautista@ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAY PY 2012 VL 138 IS 5 BP 485 EP 488 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000413 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 940ZJ UT WOS:000303931300012 ER PT J AU Chavez, JD Cilia, M Weisbrod, CR Ju, HJ Eng, JK Gray, SM Bruce, JE AF Chavez, Juan D. Cilia, Michelle Weisbrod, Chad R. Ju, Ho-Jong Eng, Jimmy K. Gray, Stewart M. Bruce, James E. TI Cross-linking Measurements of the Potato leafroll virus Reveal Protein Interaction Topologies Required for Virion Stability, Aphid Transmission, and Virus-Plant Interactions SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Protein Interaction Reporter technology; protein-protein interactions; luteovirus; polerovirus; Potato leafroll virus; cross-linking; aphids; circulative transmission; readthrough protein; protein disorder ID YELLOW DWARF VIRUS; MINOR CAPSID PROTEIN; MYZUS-PERSICAE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; READTHROUGH PROTEIN; COAT PROTEIN; POINT MUTATIONS; LUTEOVIRUS TRANSMISSION; STRUCTURE PREDICTION; SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM AB Protein interactions are critical determinants of insect transmission for viruses in the family Luteoviridae. Two luteovirid structural proteins, the capsid protein (CP) and the readthrough protein (RTP), contain multiple functional domains that regulate virus transmission. There is no structural information available for these economically important viruses. We used Protein Interaction Reporter (PIR) technology, a strategy that uses chemical cross-linking and high resolution mass spectrometry, to discover topological features of the Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) CP and RTP that are required for the diverse biological functions of PLRV virions. Four cross-linked sites were repeatedly detected, one linking CP monomers, two within the RTP, and one linking the RTP and CP. Virus mutants with triple amino acid deletions immediately adjacent to or encompassing the cross-linked sites were defective in virion stability, RTP incorporation into the capsid, and aphid transmission. Plants infected with a new, infectious PLRV mutant lacking 26 amino acids encompassing a cross-linked site in the RTP exhibited a delay in the appearance of systemic infection symptoms. PIR technology provided the first structural insights into luteoviruses which are crucially lacking and are involved in vector virus and plant virus interactions. These are the first cross-linking measurements on any infectious, insect-transmitted virus. C1 [Chavez, Juan D.; Weisbrod, Chad R.; Eng, Jimmy K.; Bruce, James E.] Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Cilia, Michelle; Gray, Stewart M.] ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Cilia, Michelle; Ju, Ho-Jong; Gray, Stewart M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ju, Ho-Jong] Chonbuk Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Agr Biol, Jeonju 561756, Jeonbuk, South Korea. [Ju, Ho-Jong] Chonbuk Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Plant Med Res Ctr, Jeonju 561756, Jeonbuk, South Korea. RP Bruce, JE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, 815 Mercer St, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM jimbruce@uw.edu RI Eng, Jimmy/I-4202-2012; Eng, Jimmy/C-6556-2017 OI Eng, Jimmy/0000-0001-6352-6737; Eng, Jimmy/0000-0001-6352-6737 FU USDA NRI [1907-22000-018-13]; NSF-BREAD [1109989]; NIH [2R01GM086688-03, 5R01RR023334-04, 7S10RR025107] FX The authors graciously thank Dawn Smith (Cornell), Jason Ingram (USDA, ARS) for assistance rearing the aphids, and Kevin Howe (USDA, ARS) for comments on the manuscript, Jackie Mahoney (Cornell) for assistance with data formatting, Chunxiang Zheng (University of Washington) for running the disorder prediction programs, and Tom Hammond (Cornell) for care of the plants. The work was graciously funded by USDA NRI project 1907-22000-018-13, NSF-BREAD project 1109989, and NIH grants 2R01GM086688-03, 5R01RR023334-04, and 7S10RR025107. NR 77 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2968 EP 2981 DI 10.1021/pr300041t PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 935BM UT WOS:000303492100029 PM 22390342 ER PT J AU Kroger, R Thornton, KW Moore, MT Farris, JL Prevost, JD Pierce, SC AF Kroeger, Robert Thornton, Kent W. Moore, Matthew T. Farris, Jerry L. Prevost, J. Dan Pierce, Samuel C. TI Tiered collaborative strategies for reducing hypoxia and restoring the Gulf of Mexico SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; NITROGEN; DELIVERY C1 [Kroeger, Robert; Pierce, Samuel C.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Moore, Matthew T.] USDA ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS USA. [Thornton, Kent W.] FTN Associates, Little Rock, AR USA. [Farris, Jerry L.] Arkansas State Univ, Jonesboro, AR USA. [Prevost, J. Dan] Delta FARM, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Kroger, R (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. FU Mississippi Department of Marine Resources; Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality; USEPA Gulf of Mexico FX This paper was born from a presentation given to the Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force in May, 2011, in Mobile, Alabama. The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Mississippi Department of Marine Resources, Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality, and the USEPA Gulf of Mexico Program Office that provided collaboration opportunities that lead to the development of these thoughts. For more information on other associated Gulf of Mexico projects, visit the following website: http://www.fwrc.msstate.edu/water. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 67 IS 3 BP 70A EP 73A DI 10.2489/jswc.67.3.70A PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 944FW UT WOS:000304185700002 ER PT J AU Rossi, CG Dybala, TJ Amonett, C Arnold, JG Marek, T AF Rossi, C. G. Dybala, T. J. Amonett, C. Arnold, J. G. Marek, T. TI Manure nutrient management effects in the Leon River Watershed SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); hydrologic modeling; Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT); subbasin; watershed modeling ID CENTRAL TEXAS; SWAT MODEL; QUALITY; SIMULATIONS AB The Leon River Watershed (LRW) in central Texas is a Benchmark and Special Emphasis watershed within the Conservation Effects Assessment Project located in central Texas. Model simulations from 1977 through 2006 were used to evaluate six manure nutrient management scenarios that reflect realistic strategies that could be employed to reduce nutrient and sediment loadings in the LRW. Due to the presence of several dairies and a relatively large number of cows, special attention within this watershed is necessary to determine beneficial adjustments that can be made to protect water quality The nutrient management scenarios analyzed reduced total nitrogen (N) and total phosphorus (P) loading in nearly all of the subbasins. Total N and total P loading was also reduced at the watershed scale; sediment load reduction was minor due to effective management measures already existing within the LRW. The percentage change in total N and total P loadings varied from an increase of 3% to a decrease of 11% and an increase of 5% to a decrease of 12%, respectively. The percentage change in sediment loadings varied from an increase of 22% to a decrease of 12% per subbasin. Model simulations conducted over a 30-year period for six manure management scenarios indicated that both total N and total P can be significantly reduced by employing additional nutrient strategies. This is the case whether the nutrients are removed from the immediate vicinity of the dairy or are transported outside of the watershed. C1 [Rossi, C. G.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Dybala, T. J.; Amonett, C.; Marek, T.] USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Temple, TX USA. RP Rossi, CG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 15 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 67 IS 3 BP 147 EP 157 DI 10.2489/jswc.67.3.147 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 944FW UT WOS:000304185700006 ER PT J AU Fry, BE Ward, A King, KW AF Fry, B. E. Ward, A. King, K. W. TI The frequency of channel-forming discharges in a tributary of Upper Big Walnut Creek, Ohio SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE bankfull discharge; dynamic equilibrium; floodplain connectivity; stream geomorphology ID FLOOD FREQUENCY; SEDIMENT; SIMULATIONS; WATERSHEDS; BUFFERS; RIVERS AB Understanding floodplain hydrology is necessary to interpret water quality and properly identify and predict the effectiveness of conservation practices in headwater watersheds. The goal of this study was to determine the frequency and magnitude of out-of-bank and channel-forming discharges in Sugar Creek, a tributary of the Upper Big Walnut Creek, in Ohio. To address this goal, a stream geomorphology study was conducted, measured discharge data at a downstream location were used to develop a calibrated discharge versus recurrence interval relationship, and the Hydrologic Engineering Center's Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) and River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) simulation models were used to develop out-of-bank discharge recurrence interval relationships for selected locations along Sugar Creek. Much of Sugar Creek was in dynamic equilibrium and had an extensive floodplain with entrenchment ratios ranging from 2 to 18. At the eight locations studied, two experienced bankfull or larger discharges an average of 12 times per year, with an approximate 0.2-year recurrence interval. Seventy-five percent of the locations experienced bankfull or larger discharges an average of at least 3 times per year, with an approximate 0.8-year recurrence interval. All of the locations experienced out-of-bank discharges an average of at least once per year, with the 2-year recurrence interval discharge. The annual out-of-bank discharges at each location ranged from 0.4% to 13% of the average annual flow volume. Based on the results, we recommended that research be conducted in the Sugar Creek Watershed to quantify the water quality benefits of a system in dynamic equilibrium and a well-attached, active floodplain. C1 [Fry, B. E.] AECOM Water, Kansas City, MO USA. [Ward, A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [King, K. W.] USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH USA. RP Fry, BE (reprint author), AECOM Water, Kansas City, MO USA. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 17 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 67 IS 3 BP 173 EP 182 DI 10.2489/jswc.67.3.173 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 944FW UT WOS:000304185700008 ER PT J AU Mueller-Warrant, GW Griffith, SM Whittaker, GW Banowetz, GM Pfender, WF Garcia, TS Giannico, GR AF Mueller-Warrant, G. W. Griffith, S. M. Whittaker, G. W. Banowetz, G. M. Pfender, W. F. Garcia, T. S. Giannico, G. R. TI Impact of land use patterns and agricultural practices on water quality in the Calapooia River Basin of western Oregon SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE ecosystem services; Fourier time series analysis; geographically weighted regression; water quality ID NITROGEN DYNAMICS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; NITRATE-NITROGEN; SEED PRODUCTION; RIPARIAN AREA; STREAM; MANAGEMENT; AMMONIUM; REMOVAL; POLICY AB Agricultural practices, including tillage, fertilization, and residue management, can affect surface runoff, soil erosion, and nutrient cycling. These processes, in turn, may adversely affect (1) quality of aquatic resources as habitat for amphibians, fish, and invertebrates, (2) costs of treating surface and ground water to meet drinking water standards, and (3) large-scale biogeochemistry. This study characterized the surface water sources of nitrogen (N) (total, nitrate [NO3-], ammonium [NH4+], and dissolved organic N) and sediment active within 40 subbasins of the Calapooia River Basin in western Oregon in monthly samples over three cropping years. The subbasins included both independent and nested drainages, with wide ranges in tree cover, agricultural practices, slopes, and soils. Sediment and N form concentrations were tested against weather and agricultural practice variables. Subbasin land use ranged from 96% forest to 100% agriculture. Average slopes varied from 1.3% to 18.9%, and surface water quality ranged from 0.5 to 43 mg L-1 (ppm) total N maxima and 29 to 249 mg L-1 suspended sediment maxima. Total N during the winter was positively related to percentage landcover of seven common agricultural crops (nongrass seed summer annuals, established seed crops of perennial ryegrass [Lolium perenne L.], tall fescue [Schedonorus phoenix {Scop.} Holub], orchardgrass [Dactylis glomerata L.], clover [Trifolium spp.], and newly planted stands of perennial ryegrass and clover) and negatively related to cover by trees and one seed crop, Italian (annual) ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). Results for NO3- and total N were highly similar. Sediment concentrations were most strongly related to rainfall totals during periods of 4 and 14 days prior to sampling, with smaller effects of soil disturbance. Fourier analysis of total N over time identified four prominent groups of subbasins: those with (1) low, (2) medium, and (3) high impacts of N (up to 2, 8, and 21 mg L-1, respectively) and a strong cyclical signal peaking in December and (4) those with very high impact of N (up to 43 mg L-1) and a weak time series signal. Preponderance of N in streams draining agriculturally dominated subbasins was in the form of the NO3- ion, implying mineralization of N that had been incorporated within plant tissue following its initial application in the spring as urea-based fertilizer. Since mineralization is driven by seasonal rainfall and temperature patterns, changes in agronomic practices designed to reduce prompt runoff of fertilizer are unlikely to achieve to more than similar to 24% reduction in N export to streams. C1 [Mueller-Warrant, G. W.; Griffith, S. M.; Whittaker, G. W.; Banowetz, G. M.; Pfender, W. F.] USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. [Garcia, T. S.; Giannico, G. R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Mueller-Warrant, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2006-51130-03705] FX These data were collected under the auspices of a Conservation Effects Assessment Project Competitive Grants Watershed proposal and USDA Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information System research projects in Corvallis, Oregon. This paper is a contribution of the USDA Agricultural Research Service. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication (or page) is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. The authors wish to express their thanks to the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service for funding of Conservation Effects Assessment Project Special Grant No. 2006-51130-03705, "Assessing Trade-Offs Between Crop Production and Ecological Services: The Calapooia Basin," which was instrumental in our ability to conduct the research. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 7 U2 81 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 67 IS 3 BP 183 EP 201 DI 10.2489/jswc.67.3.183 PG 19 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 944FW UT WOS:000304185700009 ER PT J AU Aguilar, J Evans, R Daughtry, CST AF Aguilar, J. Evans, R. Daughtry, C. S. T. TI Performance assessment of the cellulose absorption index method for estimating crop residue cover SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE cellulose absorption index (CAI); crop residue; crop residue cover; crop residue measurement; Northern Great Plains; remote sensing ID SOIL CARBON; PLANT LITTER; WHEAT-FALLOW; NITROGEN; TILLAGE; SEQUESTRATION; CONSERVATION; REFLECTANCE AB Accurate and quick field estimation of crop residues is important for carbon sequestration and biofuel production programs. Landscape-scale assessment of this vital information has resorted to the use of remote sensing technology The cellulose absorption index (CAI) technique has outperformed other indices for discriminating bare soil and crop residue in the Midwest, but has not been tested in the Pacific Northwest and the Central and Northern Great Plains regions of the United States. The objective of this study is to assess the performance of CAI in these regions. Malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum (Triticum turgidum L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L.), and fallow following spring wheat and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) were used in the assessment. Using a portable ground-based spectroradiometer, as well as transect line and photo-grid methods, crop residue cover was measured after the 2009 harvest season. Samples were collected for laboratory analyses. Linear regression analysis showed CAI explained 41% to 55% of the variation in the residue cover. Field pea and fallow residue cover had better correlation with CAI than did small grain crop residues. Field and laboratory measurement of CAI showed that varying pea residue cover responded significantly different than other crop residues. The performance of CAI was affected by the type of crop rather than by location and soil type in the regions. Among other measured parameters, percentage crop residue cover, hemicellulose, and residue amount were most correlated with CAI. Results document that CAI can quickly and effectively estimate percentage of residue cover in the regions. C1 [Aguilar, J.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Evans, R.] USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, BC, Canada. [Daughtry, C. S. T.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Aguilar, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 19 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 67 IS 3 BP 202 EP 210 DI 10.2489/jswc.67.3.202 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 944FW UT WOS:000304185700010 ER PT J AU Gilley, JE Vogel, JR Eigenberg, RA Marx, DB Woodbury, BL AF Gilley, J. E. Vogel, J. R. Eigenberg, R. A. Marx, D. B. Woodbury, B. L. TI Nutrient losses in runoff from feedlot surfaces as affected by unconsolidated surface materials SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; feedlots; manure management; manure runoff; nutrient losses; water quality ID RAINFALL SIMULATOR; CATTLE FEEDLOT; SPATIAL VARIATIONS; PLOT-SCALE; SOIL; TRANSPORT; EROSION; MANURE AB Beef cattle feedlots contain unconsolidated surface materials (loose manure pack) that accumulate during a feeding cycle. The effects of varying amounts of unconsolidated surface materials on runoff nutrient losses are not well understood. The objectives of this study were to (1) compare runoff nutrient losses from feedlot surfaces containing varying amounts of unconsolidated surface materials, (2) determine if differences in runoff nutrient losses exist among rainfall simulation runs, (3) relate runoff nutrient losses to selected feedlot soil characteristics, and (4) identify the effects of varying runoff rate on nutrient loss rates from feedlot surfaces. This study was conducted on 0.75 m wide by 2 m long (2.47 ft wide by 6.58 ft long) plots containing 0, 6.7, 13.5, or 26.9 kg m(-2) (0, 1.37, 2.77, or 5.51 lb ft(-2)) of unconsolidated surface materials. Simulated rainfall was applied during three 30-minute events that were separated by 24-hour interval's. Inflow was added at the top of all plots during selected tests to examine the effects of varying flow rate on nutrient loss rates. No significant differences in the measured water quality parameters were found among the surfaces containing varying amounts of unconsolidated surface materials. Measurements of dissolved phosphorus, particulate phosphorus, total phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen, chloride, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, and erosion consistently decreased during the three rainfall simulation runs. Runoff losses of ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), total nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen were all correlated to easily obtained soil EC measurements. All measured water quality parameters were significantly influenced by runoff rate. Thus, runoff rate, and not the amount of unconsolidated surface materials on the feedlot surface, significantly influenced nutrient losses in runoff. C1 [Gilley, J. E.] USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE USA. [Vogel, J. R.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK USA. [Eigenberg, R. A.; Woodbury, B. L.] USDA ARS, Clay Ctr, NE USA. [Marx, D. B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biostat, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Gilley, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 67 IS 3 BP 211 EP 217 DI 10.2489/jswc.67.3.211 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 944FW UT WOS:000304185700011 ER PT J AU Busscher, W AF Busscher, W. TI Spending our water and soils for food security SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID AGRICULTURE; IRRIGATION C1 USDA ARS, Florence, SC USA. RP Busscher, W (reprint author), USDA ARS, Florence, SC USA. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 67 IS 3 BP 228 EP 234 DI 10.2489/jswc.67.3.228 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 944FW UT WOS:000304185700013 ER PT J AU Bailey, RL Fulgoni, VL Keast, DR Dwyer, JT AF Bailey, Regan Lucas Fulgoni, Victor L., III Keast, Debra R. Dwyer, Johanna T. TI Examination of Vitamin Intakes among US Adults by Dietary Supplement Use SO JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS LA English DT Article DE Dietary supplements; NHANES; Vitamins; Users and non-users of supplements ID NUTRIENT INTAKE; MULTIVITAMIN/MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS; MULTIETHNIC COHORT; NUTRITION; MINERALS; ENERGY; FOODS; ACID AB Background More than half of US adults use dietary supplements. Some reports suggest that supplement users have higher vitamin intakes from foods than nonusers, but this observation has not been examined using nationally representative survey data. Objective The purpose of this analysis was to examine vitamin intakes from foods by supplement use and how dietary supplements contribute to meeting or exceeding the Dietary Reference Intakes for selected vitamins using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey among adults (aged >= 19 years) in 2003-2006 (n=8,860). Results Among male users, mean intakes of folate and vitamins A, E, and K from food sources were significantly higher than among nonusers. Among women, mean intakes of folate and vitamins A, C, D, and E from foods were higher among users than nonusers. Total intakes (food and supplements) were higher for every vitamin we examined among users than the dietary vitamin intakes of nonusers. Supplement use helped lower the prevalence of intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement for every vitamin we examined, but for folic acid and vitamins A, B-6, and C, supplement use increased the likelihood of intakes above the Tolerable Upper Intake Level. Conclusions Supplement use was associated with higher mean intakes of some vitamins from foods among users than nonusers, but it was not associated with the prevalence of intakes less than the Estimated Average Requirement from foods. Those who do not use vitamin supplements had significantly higher prevalence of inadequate vitamin intakes; however, the use of supplements can contribute to excess intake for some vitamins. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112:657-663. C1 [Bailey, Regan Lucas; Dwyer, Johanna T.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Fulgoni, Victor L., III] Nutr Impact LLC, Battle Creek, MI USA. [Keast, Debra R.] Food & Nutr Database Res Inc, Okemos, MI USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Bailey, RL (reprint author), NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, 6100 Execut Blvd,Room 3B01, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM baileyr@mail.nih.gov OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU Fortification Committee of the International Life Sciences Institute, North American Branch; US Department of Agriculture Research Service [58-1950-7-707]; Office of Dietary Supplements at the National Institutes of Health FX The original statistical analysis to separate fortified and enriched foods from other foods and dietary supplements used in this article was funded by the Fortification Committee of the International Life Sciences Institute, North American Branch. The International Life Sciences Institute was not involved in the interpretation or presentation of data for this work. This work was supported in part by resources from the US Department of Agriculture Research Service under agreement no. 58-1950-7-707 and the Office of Dietary Supplements at the National Institutes of Health. NR 28 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 2212-2672 J9 J ACAD NUTR DIET JI J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 112 IS 5 BP 657 EP 663 DI 10.1016/j.jand.2012.01.026 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 943NO UT WOS:000304131200012 PM 22709770 ER PT J AU Perez-Escamilla, R Obbagy, JE Altman, JM Essery, EV McGrane, MM Wong, YP Spahn, JM Williams, CL AF Perez-Escamilla, Rafael Obbagy, Julie E. Altman, Jean M. Essery, Eve V. McGrane, Mary M. Wong, Yat Ping Spahn, Joanne M. Williams, Christine L. TI Dietary Energy Density and Body Weight in Adults and Children: A Systematic Review SO JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS LA English DT Review DE Energy density; Body weight; Adiposity; Adults; Children and adolescents ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; PORTION SIZE; FOOD-INTAKE; CALORIC COMPENSATION; SELF-REGULATION; FAT-CONTENT; WOMEN; DECREASES; TRIAL; ADOLESCENCE AB Energy density is a relatively new concept that has been identified as an important factor in body weight control in adults and in children and adolescents. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010 encourages consumption of an eating pattern low in energy density to manage body weight. This article describes the systematic evidence-based review conducted by the 2010 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC), with support from the US Department of Agriculture's Nutrition Evidence Library, which resulted in this recommendation. An update to the committee's review was prepared for this article. PubMed was searched for English-language publications from January 1980 to May 2011. The literature review included 17 studies (seven randomized controlled trials, one nonrandomized controlled trial, and nine cohort studies) in adults and six cohort studies in children and adolescents. Based on this evidence, the 2010 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee concluded that strong and consistent evidence in adults indicates that dietary patterns relatively low in energy density improve weight loss-and weight maintenance. In addition, the committee concluded that there was moderately strong evidence from methodologically rigorous longitudinal cohort studies in children and adolescents to suggest that there is a positive association between dietary energy density and increased adiposity. This review supports a relationship between energy density and body weight in adults and in children and adolescents such that consuming diets lower in energy density may be an effective strategy for managing body weight. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112:671-684. C1 [Perez-Escamilla, Rafael] Yale Univ, Off Community Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT USA. [Obbagy, Julie E.; Altman, Jean M.; Essery, Eve V.; McGrane, Mary M.; Wong, Yat Ping; Spahn, Joanne M.] USDA, Evidence Anal Lib Div, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA USA. [Williams, Christine L.] Hlth Direct Inc, Scarsdale, NY USA. RP Perez-Escamilla, R (reprint author), 135 Coll St,Ste 200, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. EM rafael.perez-escamilla@yale.edu FU Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee; Nutrition Evidence Library; Dietary Guidelines Management Team; Nutrition Evidence Library Evidence Abstractors FX The authors would like to acknowledge the following groups for their support in conducting this systematic review: 2010 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, staff of the Nutrition Evidence Library, the Dietary Guidelines Management Team, and Nutrition Evidence Library Evidence Abstractors. NR 48 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 2212-2672 J9 J ACAD NUTR DIET JI J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 112 IS 5 BP 671 EP 684 DI 10.1016/j.jand.2012.01.020 PG 14 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 943NO UT WOS:000304131200014 PM 22480489 ER PT J AU Hollingsworth, R Lacroix, M Picard, I Salmieri, S AF Hollingsworth, Robert Lacroix, Monique Picard, Isabelle Salmieri, Stephane TI REPELLENCE OF ESSENTIAL OILS TO FRANKLINIELLA OCCIDENTALIS AS AFFECTED BY TYPE OF OIL AND POLYMER RELEASE SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hollingsworth, Robert] ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Lacroix, Monique; Picard, Isabelle; Salmieri, Stephane] INRS Inst Armand Frappier, Res Labs Sci Appl Food, Laval, PQ H7V 1B7, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 50 IS 5 BP 537 EP 538 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 943GN UT WOS:000304108700004 ER PT J AU Turner, GW Lange, BM Mahmoud, SS Wildung, MR Davis, EM Lange, I Baker, RC Boydston, RA Croteau, RB AF Turner, Glenn W. Lange, Bernd Markus Mahmoud, Soheil S. Wildung, Mark R. Davis, Edward M. Lange, Iris Baker, Raymond C. Boydston, Richard A. Croteau, Rodney B. TI IMPROVING PEPPERMINT ESSENTIAL OIL YIELD AND COMPOSITION THROUGH METABOLIC ENGINEERING SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Turner, Glenn W.; Lange, Bernd Markus; Wildung, Mark R.; Davis, Edward M.; Lange, Iris; Croteau, Rodney B.] Washington State Univ, Inst Biol Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Baker, Raymond C.] Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Boydston, Richard A.] ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Mahmoud, Soheil S.] Univ British Columbia Okanagan, Dept Biol, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 50 IS 5 BP 539 EP 540 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 943GN UT WOS:000304108700011 ER PT J AU Clark, BR Suzuki, JY Bliss, BJ Borris, RP AF Clark, Benjamin R. Suzuki, Jon Y. Bliss, Barbara J. Borris, Robert P. TI PIGMENT ANALYSIS OF SPATHES IN ANTHURIUM SPECIES SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Clark, Benjamin R.; Borris, Robert P.] Univ Hawaii, Coll Pharm, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Suzuki, Jon Y.; Bliss, Barbara J.] ARS, USDA, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Trop Plant Genet Resources & Dis Res Unit, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RI Borris, Robert/K-1095-2015 OI Borris, Robert/0000-0002-5317-7382 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 50 IS 5 BP 591 EP 591 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 943GN UT WOS:000304108700159 ER PT J AU Duke, SO Dayan, FE Cantrell, CL Rimando, AM Wedge, DE Pan, ZQ Baerson, SR Meepagala, KM AF Duke, Stephen O. Dayan, Franck E. Cantrell, Charles L. Rimando, Agnes M. Wedge, David E. Pan, Zhiqiang Baerson, Scott R. Meepagala, Kumudini M. TI PHYTOCHEMICALS AND GENES FOR THEIR SYNTHESIS IN PEST MANAGEMENT SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Duke, Stephen O.; Dayan, Franck E.; Cantrell, Charles L.; Rimando, Agnes M.; Wedge, David E.; Pan, Zhiqiang; Baerson, Scott R.; Meepagala, Kumudini M.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. EM sduke@olemiss.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 50 IS 5 BP 620 EP 620 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 943GN UT WOS:000304108700242 ER PT J AU Wagner, T Liu, JG Puckhaber, L Bell, A Stipanovic, R AF Wagner, Tanya Liu, Jinggao Puckhaber, Lorraine Bell, Alois Stipanovic, Robert TI BIOSYNTHESIS OF GOSSYPOL IN COTTON: FROM FARNESYL DIPHOSPHATE TO (+)- AND (-)-GOSSYPOL SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wagner, Tanya; Liu, Jinggao; Puckhaber, Lorraine; Bell, Alois; Stipanovic, Robert] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM bob.stipanovic@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 50 IS 5 BP 620 EP 620 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 943GN UT WOS:000304108700244 ER PT J AU Cantrell, CL Ali, A Duke, S Khan, I AF Cantrell, Charles L. Ali, Abbas Duke, Stephen Khan, Ikhlas TI IDENTIFICATION OF THE MOSQUITO BITING DETERRENT CONSTITUENTS FROM THE INDIAN FOLK REMEDY PLANT, JATROPHA CURCAS SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cantrell, Charles L.; Duke, Stephen] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Ali, Abbas; Khan, Ikhlas] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. EM clcantr1@olemiss.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 50 IS 5 BP 622 EP 622 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 943GN UT WOS:000304108700250 ER PT J AU Wise, ML AF Wise, Mitchell L. TI PLANT DEFENSE ACTIVATORS AS ELICITORS OF OAT AVENANTHRAMIDE BIOSYNTHESIS SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wise, Mitchell L.] ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM mlwise@wisc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 50 IS 5 BP 622 EP 622 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 943GN UT WOS:000304108700249 ER PT J AU Dias, SJ Li, K Rimando, AM Levenson, AS AF Dias, Steven J. Li, Kun Rimando, Agnes M. Levenson, Anait S. TI RESVERATROL AND ITS ANALOGUES AS POTENTIAL EPIGENETIC AGENTS FOR CHEMOPREVENTION AND THERAPY IN PROSTATE CANCER SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dias, Steven J.; Li, Kun; Levenson, Anait S.] Univ Mississippi, Inst Canc, Med Ctr, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Rimando, Agnes M.] Jackson State Univ, Jackson, MS 38677 USA. [Rimando, Agnes M.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Unit, Jackson, MS 38677 USA. EM alevenson@umc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 50 IS 5 BP 631 EP 631 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 943GN UT WOS:000304108700275 ER PT J AU Rimando, AM Ren, G Mathews, S AF Rimando, Agnes M. Ren, Guang Mathews, Suresh TI PTEROSTILBENE INCREASES PPAR alpha GENE EXPRESSION, ACTIVATES AMPK, AND SUPPRESSES EXPRESSION OF GENES INVOLVED IN HEPATIC LIPID METABOLISM AND GLUCONEOGENESIS SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rimando, Agnes M.] Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Ren, Guang; Mathews, Suresh] Auburn Univ, Dept Nutr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM agnes.rimando@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 50 IS 5 BP 642 EP 643 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 943GN UT WOS:000304108700310 ER PT J AU Chen, P Sun, JH Harnly, J AF Chen, Pei Sun, Jianghao Harnly, James TI MASS SPECTROSCOPIC FINGERPRINTING AND CHEMOMETRIC ANALYSIS FOR QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF BOTANICALS AND FOODSTUFFS SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chen, Pei; Sun, Jianghao; Harnly, James] ARS, USDA, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ct, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pei.chen@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 50 IS 5 BP 648 EP 648 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 943GN UT WOS:000304108700326 ER PT J AU Vaughan, M Wang, Q Huh, JH Sohrabi, R Tokuhisa, J Tholl, D AF Vaughan, Martha Wang, Qiang Huh, Jung-Hyun Sohrabi, Reza Tokuhisa, Jim Tholl, Dorothea TI EXPLORING THE ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTION OF BELOWGROUND TERPENE SPECIALIZED METABOLISM IN ARABIDOPSIS ROOTS SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wang, Qiang; Huh, Jung-Hyun; Sohrabi, Reza; Tokuhisa, Jim; Tholl, Dorothea] Virginia Tech, Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Vaughan, Martha] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM tholl@vt.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 50 IS 5 BP 659 EP 660 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 943GN UT WOS:000304108700360 ER PT J AU Nagabhyru, P Dinkins, RD Bacon, CW Schardl, CL AF Nagabhyru, Padmaja Dinkins, Randy D. Bacon, Charles W. Schardl, Christopher L. TI METABOLITE AND GENE EXPRESSION STUDIES IN ENDOPHYTE INFECTED AND UNINFECTED TALL FESCUE UNDER WATER DEFICIT STRESS SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Nagabhyru, Padmaja; Schardl, Christopher L.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Dinkins, Randy D.] Univ Kentucky, USDA, Forage Anim ProductionRes Unit, Lexington, KY 40516 USA. [Bacon, Charles W.] Univ Georgia, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM pnaga2@uky.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 50 IS 5 BP 668 EP 668 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 943GN UT WOS:000304108700384 ER PT J AU Cardellina, JH Roxas-Duncan, VI Montgomery, V Eccard, V Campbell, Y Hu, X Khavrutskii, I Tawa, GJ Wallqvist, A Gloer, JB Phatak, NL Holler, U Soman, AG Joshi, BK Hein, SM Wicklow, DT Smith, LA AF Cardellina, John H., II Roxas-Duncan, Virginia I. Montgomery, Vicki Eccard, Vanessa Campbell, Yvette Hu, Xin Khavrutskii, Ilja Tawa, Gregory J. Wallqvist, Anders Gloer, James B. Phatak, Nisarga L. Hoeller, Ulrich Soman, Ashish G. Joshi, Biren K. Hein, Sara M. Wicklow, Donald T. Smith, Leonard A. TI Fungal bis-Naphthopyrones as Inhibitors of Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A SO ACS MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE in silico screen; botulinum neurotoxin serotype A; natural products; chaetochromin; talaroderxine; binding free energy; thermodynamic integration ID BIS(NAPHTHO-GAMMA-PYRONE) DERIVATIVES; SCORING FUNCTION; CHAETOCHROMIN; PREDICTION; CHAETOMIUM; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; METABOLITES; VALIDATION; SOFTWARE AB An in silico screen of the NIH Molecular Library Small Molecule Repository (MLSMR) of similar to 350000 compounds and confirmatory bioassays led to identification of chaetochromin A (1) as an inhibitor of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT A). Subsequent acquisition and testing of analogues of 1 uncovered two compounds, talaroderxines A (2) and B (3), with improved activity. These are the first fungal metabolites reported to exhibit BoNT/A inhibitory activity. C1 [Cardellina, John H., II; Roxas-Duncan, Virginia I.; Montgomery, Vicki; Eccard, Vanessa; Campbell, Yvette] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Integrated Toxicol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Hu, Xin; Khavrutskii, Ilja; Tawa, Gregory J.; Wallqvist, Anders] USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Biotechnol High Performance Comp Software Applica, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Gloer, James B.; Phatak, Nisarga L.; Hoeller, Ulrich; Soman, Ashish G.; Joshi, Biren K.; Hein, Sara M.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Wicklow, Donald T.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Smith, LA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Integrated Toxicol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM Leonard.a.Smith1@us.army.mil OI wallqvist, anders/0000-0002-9775-7469 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency, JSTO-CBD [3.10037_07_RD_B]; U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) under the High Performance Computing Software Applications Institutes initiative; National Science Foundation [CHE-11011847] FX This work was supported by a grant awarded to L.A.S. from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, JSTO-CBD Project Number 3.10037_07_RD_B. This work was also sponsored by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) High Performance Computing Modernization Program under the High Performance Computing Software Applications Institutes initiative. Research at the University of Iowa was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (CHE-11011847). NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-5875 J9 ACS MED CHEM LETT JI ACS Med. Chem. Lett. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 3 IS 5 BP 387 EP 391 DI 10.1021/ml200312s PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 939DC UT WOS:000303786400009 PM 24900483 ER PT J AU Meagher, RL Nagoshi, RN AF Meagher, Robert L. Nagoshi, Rodney N. TI Differential Feeding of Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Host Strains on Meridic and Natural Diets SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera frugiperda; larval feeding; host plant selection ID SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA LEPIDOPTERA; MISCANTHUS X GIGANTEUS; GENETIC-VARIATION; I GENE; RESISTANCE; FLORIDA; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; ADAPTATION; SEQUENCE AB Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is composed of two sympatric, morphologically identical host strains (corn and rice) that differ in their distribution on different host plants. This suggests possible strain specificity in the use of host plants. However, although feeding studies published since 1987 have reported such developmental differences, the results were often contradictory, making generalizations about strain-specific physiological traits problematic. Here, we tested whether more consistent results could be obtained using several genetically characterized colonies when assayed in the same laboratory. We also assessed whether a commonly used meridic diet was more favorable to one strain and the potential this might have on altering the behavior of artificially raised colonies. Corn and rice strain colonies were characterized by cytochrome oxidase I (COI) strain markers and were subjected to feeding studies using corn (Zea mays L.), stargrass (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst variety nlemfuensis 'Florona'), and a meridic pinto bean diet. In 2005 bioassays, all colonies developed best on corn, whereas the meridic and stargrass diets were associated with more pronounced strain differences. However, bioassays conducted in 2010 using different colonies showed fewer differences between host strains. The limitations of feeding bioassays and the COI marker to identify host strains and the potential for unintended selection of corn strain traits when using a meridic diet are discussed. C1 [Meagher, Robert L.; Nagoshi, Rodney N.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Meagher, RL (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM rob.meagher@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 105 IS 3 BP 462 EP 470 DI 10.1603/AN11158 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 938RG UT WOS:000303750000010 ER PT J AU French, BW Hammack, L AF French, B. Wade Hammack, Leslie TI Spermatophore Size in Relation to Body Size and Pairing Duration in Northern Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica barberi; copulation; nuptial gift; spermatophore ID VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA COLEOPTERA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; INSECT RESISTANCE; TRANSGENIC CORN; WESTERN; FEMALE; MAIZE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ADAPTATION; SELECTION AB Female insects may choose to mate with males providing the largest nuptial gift via the spermatophore, which may correlate with fitness related characters such as body size. Here, we examined spermatophore size of northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), in relation to body size of males and females and in relation to pairing duration. Virgin males and females of known ages were weighed before and after pairing. Pairs were noted as copulating or not copulating. Copulating males lost significantly more weight than did noncopulating males, whereas copulating females gained significantly more weight than did noncopulating females. For copulating pairs, male and female weight before pairing correlated positively. Spermatophore weight correlated positively with male weight before pairing and was estimated to be 0.37 or 0.38 mg, depending on whether weight change data from males or females were used for estimation. Spermatophore mass accounted for approximate to 4.4% of male body weight. An effect of pairing duration on spermatophore weight was demonstrable only when weight change data from females were used. Implications of the results for management of rootworm resistance to genetically modified maize are discussed. C1 [French, B. Wade] ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, USDA, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP French, BW (reprint author), ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, USDA, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM wade.french@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 105 IS 3 BP 506 EP 511 DI 10.1603/AN11162 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 938RG UT WOS:000303750000016 ER PT J AU Harris, JW Danka, RG Villa, JD AF Harris, Jeffrey W. Danka, Robert G. Villa, Jose D. TI Changes in Infestation, Cell Cap Condition, and Reproductive Status of Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) in Brood Exposed to Honey Bees With Varroa Sensitive Hygiene SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE honey bee; varroa mite; Varroa sensitive hygiene ID APIS-MELLIFERA L.; HYMENOPTERA APIDAE; MITE REPRODUCTION; BEHAVIOR; JACOBSONI; RESISTANCE; RESPONSES; COLONIES; MORTALITY; RESIDUES AB Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) bred for Varroa sensitive hygiene (VSH) selectively remove pupae infested with Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) from capped brood that is inserted into the nest. After 1 wk, remaining brood cells tend to have been uncapped and recapped, and remaining mites are mostly infertile. A primary goal of this experiment was to compare the reproductive status of mites that remained in recapped and normally capped cells after a 1-wk exposure to VSH and control colonies. Differences in distribution of fertile mites in normally capped brood cells between VSH bees and control bees may suggest that the stimulus for hygiene is related to reproduction by mites. Identification of stimuli triggering VSH behavior could be used to develop new bioassays for selective breeding of this important resistance mechanism. Combs of capped brood that were exposed to control bees had 10 times more pupae with fertile mites in normally capped brood as did VSH bees (6.7 and 0.7%, respectively). They also had 3 times more pupae with infertile mites in normally capped brood than did VSH bees (1.4 and 0.5%, respectively). Thus, VSH bees targeted fertile mites by a 3:1 ratio by either removing or uncapping and recapping their host pupae. Biased removal of mite-infested pupae with fertile mites suggested that stimuli triggering VSH behavior were enhanced by the presence of mite offspring within the brood cell. This bias for fertile mites is not seen during experiments of short 3-h duration. The differing results are discussed relative to a behavioral threshold model for hygienic behavior in honey bees in which different experimental protocols may reflect activities of honey bees having different sensitivities to pupae infested by fertile mites. In addition, mortality of mite offspring was significantly higher in recapped cells than in normally capped cells and contributed to decreased reproduction by the mites. C1 [Harris, Jeffrey W.; Danka, Robert G.; Villa, Jose D.] ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Harris, JW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM jeffrey.harris@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 26 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 105 IS 3 BP 512 EP 518 DI 10.1603/AN11188 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 938RG UT WOS:000303750000017 ER PT J AU Lizotte, RE Shields, FD Murdock, JN Knight, SS AF Lizotte, Richard E., Jr. Shields, F. Douglas, Jr. Murdock, Justin N. Knight, Scott S. TI Responses of Hyalella azteca and phytoplankton to a simulated agricultural runoff event in a managed backwater wetland SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Riverine floodplain wetland; Sediment; Nutrients; Pesticides; Invertebrates; Algae ID CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; TOXICITY; ATRAZINE; MITIGATION; NUTRIENT; MISSISSIPPI; METOLACHLOR; SEDIMENTS; ALGAE; LAKE AB We assessed the aqueous toxicity mitigation capacity of a hydrologically managed floodplain wetland following a synthetic runoff event amended with a mixture of sediments, nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), and pesticides (atrazine, S-metolachlor, and permethrin) using 48-h Hyalella azteca survival and phytoplankton pigment, chlorophyll a. The runoff event simulated a 1 h, 1.27 cm rainfall event from a 16 ha agricultural field. Water (1 L) was collected every 30 min within the first 4 h, every 4 h until 48 h, and on days 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-amendment at distances of 0, 10, 40, 300 and 500 m from the amendment point for chlorophyll a, suspended sediment, nutrient, and pesticide analyses. H. azteca 48-h laboratory survival was assessed in water collected at each site at 0, 4, 24, 48 h, 5 d and 7 d. Greatest sediment, nutrient, and pesticide concentrations occurred within 3 h of amendment at 0 m, 10 m, 40 m, and 300 m downstream. Sediments and nutrients showed little variation at 500 m whereas pesticides peaked within 48 h but at <15% of upstream peak concentrations. After 28 d, all mixture components were near or below pre-amendment concentrations. H. azteca survival significantly decreased within 48 h of amendment up to 300 m in association with permethrin concentrations. Chlorophyll a decreased within the first 24 h of amendment up to 40 m primarily in conjunction with herbicide concentrations. Variations in chlorophyll a at 300 and 500 m were associated with nutrients. Managed floodplain wetlands can rapidly and effectively trap and process agricultural runoff during moderate rainfall events, mitigating impacts to aquatic invertebrates and algae in receiving aquatic systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lizotte, Richard E., Jr.; Shields, F. Douglas, Jr.; Murdock, Justin N.; Knight, Scott S.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Lizotte, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM Richard.lizotte@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAY PY 2012 VL 87 IS 7 BP 684 EP 691 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.058 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 939DK UT WOS:000303787300004 PM 22245061 ER PT J AU Patterson, R Nerren, J Kogut, M Court, P Villarreal-Ramos, B Seyfert, HM Dalby, P Werling, D AF Patterson, Robert Nerren, Jessica Kogut, Michael Court, Pinar Villarreal-Ramos, Bernardo Seyfert, Hans-Martin Dalby, Paul Werling, Dirk TI Yeast-surface expressed BVDV E2 protein induces a Th1/Th2 response in naive T cells SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Dectin-1; TLR2; BVD; E2; Cattle ID VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-2; DENDRITIC CELLS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; REACTIVE OXYGEN; DECTIN-1; MACROPHAGES; INFECTION; VACCINES; LIVE AB Yeast species such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae are known to be potent activators of the immune system. S. cerevisiae activates the innate immune system by engaging pattern recognition receptors such as toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) and dectin-1. In the current project, we express the immunogenic envelope protein E2 of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) on the surface of S. cerevisiae. After successful expression, components of the innate and adaptive immune response induced by the recombinant S. cerevisiae in vitro were analysed to determine if expression in yeast enhances the immunogenicity of the viral protein. Recombinant S. cerevisiae stimulated production of the chemokine CXCL-8 in primary bovine macrophages, but did no stimulate production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the same cells. Additionally, bovine macrophages primed with S. cerevisiae expressing viral envelope proteins had a greater capacity for stimulating proliferation of CD4(+) T-cells from BVDV-free animals compared to macrophages primed with envelope protein alone or S. cerevisiae without envelope protein expression. Heat inactivation of recombinant S. cerevisiae increased ROS production and capacity to stimulate CD4(+) T-cells in macrophages but did not alter CXCL-8 release compared to the live counter-part. Additionally, heat-inactivation of recombinant S. cerevisiae induced less INF gamma and IL-4 but equal amounts of IL-10 compared to live yeast T-cell cultures. Our studies demonstrate a use for S. cerevisiae as a vehicle for transporting BVDV vaccine antigen to antigen-presenting cell in order to elicit cell-mediated immunity even in naive animals. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Patterson, Robert; Werling, Dirk] Univ London Royal Vet Coll, Dept Pathol & Infect Dis, Hatfield AL9 7TA, Herts, England. [Nerren, Jessica; Kogut, Michael] USDA ARS, SPARC FFSRU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Court, Pinar; Villarreal-Ramos, Bernardo] Vet Lab Agcy Weybridge, TB Res Grp, Addlestone KT15 3NB, Surrey, England. [Seyfert, Hans-Martin] Leibniz Inst Farm Anim Biol, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany. [Dalby, Paul] UCL, Dept Biochem Engn, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Werling, D (reprint author), Univ London Royal Vet Coll, Dept Pathol & Infect Dis, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, Herts, England. EM dwerling@rvc.ac.uk RI APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010; Dalby, Paul/C-1639-2008; Werling, Dirk/F-5555-2013 OI Dalby, Paul/0000-0002-0980-8167; Werling, Dirk/0000-0001-5411-4044 FU BBSRC CASE; RCVS Charitable Trust FX We thank Dr. C. Thomas (Royal Veterinary College) for providing the partial BVDV E2 protein in the pSeqTaq vector. The present work was funded through a BBSRC CASE studentship and a RCVS Charitable Trust Blue Sky Research Grant to D.W. with Pfizer Animal Health Ltd as industrial partner. This manuscript represents RVC publication P/PID/000120/. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 37 IS 1 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2011.10.009 PG 8 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 942EG UT WOS:000304024700012 PM 22067741 ER PT J AU Tadych, M Bergen, MS Johnson-Cicalese, J Polashock, JJ Vorsa, N White, JF AF Tadych, Mariusz Bergen, Marshall S. Johnson-Cicalese, Jennifer Polashock, James J. Vorsa, Nicholi White, James F., Jr. TI Endophytic and pathogenic fungi of developing cranberry ovaries from flower to mature fruit: diversity and succession SO FUNGAL DIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE Aetiology; Cranberry fruit rot; Pathogens; Phenology; Resistance; Vaccinium macrocarpon ID CITRUS BLACK SPOT; BOTRYOSPHAERIA-VACCINII; SP-NOV; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; PHYLLOSTICTA-VACCINII; PHYLLOSPHERE FUNGI; HERBACEOUS PLANTS; ERICACEOUS PLANTS; LATENT INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES AB Culturable fungal population diversity and succession was investigated in developing cranberry ovaries of fruit rot-resistant and rot-susceptible cranberry selections, from flower through mature fruit. Fungi were recovered in culture from 1185 of 1338 ovary tissues collected from June to September, yielding 2255 isolates that represented 42 morphotaxa. During the season, species richness varied from 2 to 17 and 2 to 18 in rot-resistant and rot-susceptible selections, respectively, increasing from wk1 to wk10 and then gradually declining to wk14. Shannon-Wiener diversity index varied from 0.27 to 2.32 in rot-resistant and 0.18 to 2.38 in rot-susceptible, and Pielou's evenness index varied from 0.11 to 0.63 and 0.06 to 0.64 in rot-resistant and rot-susceptible selections, respectively, confirming that diversity of fungi in developing ovaries was similar among rot-resistant and rot-susceptible selections, but varied among sampling time points. Principal component analysis grouped samples collected at the same sampling time point together regardless of rot susceptibility of the selections, and detected the predominant fungal species associated with each stage of development. Successional changes were observed in populations of endophytic, pathogenic and saprophytic fungi throughout the season as ovaries matured. C1 [Tadych, Mariusz; Bergen, Marshall S.; Vorsa, Nicholi; White, James F., Jr.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Johnson-Cicalese, Jennifer; Vorsa, Nicholi] Rutgers State Univ, Philip E Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res &, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. [Polashock, James J.] USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. RP Tadych, M (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, 59 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM tadych@aesop.rutgers.edu RI Tadych, Mariusz/G-4449-2015 OI Tadych, Mariusz/0000-0003-4776-1096 FU United States Department of Agriculture Specialty Crop Research Initiative (SCRI) [2008-51180-04878]; New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station; Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. FX We thank Peter J. Morin for advice and insightful discussions, Pedro W. Crous, Johannes Z. Groenewald, Raymond Sullivan for help in preliminary identification of Metulocladosporiella sp., and Ari Novy for technical assistance. This research was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture Specialty Crop Research Initiative (SCRI) 2008-51180-04878 (NV) grant, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station and Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. NR 116 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1560-2745 J9 FUNGAL DIVERS JI Fungal Divers. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 54 IS 1 SI SI BP 101 EP 116 DI 10.1007/s13225-012-0160-2 PG 16 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 940HT UT WOS:000303881300010 ER PT J AU Dou, QW Lei, YT Li, XM Mott, IW Wang, RRC AF Dou, Quan-Wen Lei, Yunting Li, Xiaomei Mott, Ivan W. Wang, Richard R. -C. TI Characterization of alien chromosomes in backcross derivatives of Triticum aestivum x Elymus rectisetus hybrids by using molecular markers and sequential multicolor FISH/GISH SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE addition line; substitution line; genome; apomixis; disease resistance ID RAPID GENOMIC CHANGES; NEWLY SYNTHESIZED AMPHIPLOIDS; REPETITIVE DNA-SEQUENCES; RNA MULTIGENE FAMILY; COMMON WHEAT; CAPS MARKERS; PCR MARKERS; SSR MARKERS; BARLEY; IDENTIFICATION AB Wild Triticeae grasses serve as important gene pools for forage and cereal crops. Based on DNA sequences of genome-specific RAPD markers, sequence-tagged site (STS) markers specific for W and Y genomes have been obtained. Coupling with the use of genomic in situ hybridization, these STS markers enabled the identification of the W- and Y-genome chromosomes in backcross derivatives from hybrids of bread wheat Triticum aestivum L. (2n = 42; AABBDD) and Elymus rectisetus (Nees in Lehm.) A. Love & Connor (2n = 42; StStWWYY). The detection of six different alien chromosomes in five of these derivatives was ascertained by quantitative PCR of STS markers, simple sequence repeat markers, rDNA genes, and (or) multicolor florescence in situ hybridization. Disomic addition line 4687 (2n = 44) has the full complement of 42 wheat chromosomes and a pair of 1Y chromosomes that carry genes for resistance to tan spot (caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs.) and Stagonospora nodorum blotch (caused by Stagonospora nodorum (Berk.) Castellani and Germano). The disomic addition line 4162 has a pair of 1St chromosomes and 21 pairs of wheat chromosomes. Lines 4319 and 5899 are two triple substitution lines (2n = 42) having the same chromosome composition, with 2A, 4B, and 6D of wheat substituted by one pair of W- and two pairs of St-genome chromosomes. Line 4434 is a substitution-addition line (2n = 44) that has the same W- and St-genome chromosomes substituting 2A, 4B, and 6D of wheat as in lines 4319 and 5899 but differs by having an additional pair of Y-genome chromosome, which is not the 1Y as in line 4687. The production and identification of these alien cytogenetic stocks may help locate and isolate genes for useful agronomic traits. C1 [Mott, Ivan W.; Wang, Richard R. -C.] Utah State Univ, ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Dou, Quan-Wen; Lei, Yunting] Chinese Acad Sci, NW Plateau Inst Biol, Key Lab Adaptat & Evolut Plateau Biota, Xining 810008, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaomei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. RP Wang, RRC (reprint author), Utah State Univ, ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Richard.Wang@ars.usda.gov FU K.C. Wong Education Foundation (Hong Kong); Chinese Academy of Sciences [KSCX2-EW-J-26] FX Q.-W.D received financial support from the K.C. Wong Education Foundation (Hong Kong) for his visit to the laboratory of R.R.-C.W. in the United States and from the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-EW-J-26) for his continuing research in China. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD MAY PY 2012 VL 55 IS 5 BP 337 EP 347 DI 10.1139/G2012-018 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 939PW UT WOS:000303825900002 PM 22494709 ER PT J AU Xie, WG Robins, JG Bushman, BS AF Xie, Wengang Robins, Joseph G. Bushman, B. Shaun TI A genetic linkage map of tetraploid orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and quantitative trait loci for heading date SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE cocksfoot; genetic linkage mapping ID LOLIUM-PERENNE L.; FESTUCA-PRATENSIS HUDS.; BLIGHT PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; FLOWERING TIME; AFLP MARKERS; TALL FESCUE; VERNALIZATION RESPONSE; SSR MARKERS; RICE; IDENTIFICATION AB Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), or cocksfoot, is indigenous to Eurasia and northern Africa, but has been naturalized on nearly every continent and is one of the top perennial forage grasses grown worldwide. To improve the understanding of genetic architecture of orchardgrass and provide a template for heading date candidate gene search in this species, the goals of the present study were to construct a tetraploid orchardgrass genetic linkage map and identify quantitative trait loci associated with heading date. A combination of SSR markers derived from an orchardgrass EST library and AFLP markers were used to genotype an F-1 population of 284 individuals derived from a very late heading Dactylis glomerata subsp. himalayensis parent and an early to mid-heading Dactylis glomerata subsp. aschersoniana parent. Two parental maps were constructed with 28 cosegregation groups and seven consensus linkage groups each, and homologous linkage groups were tied together by 38 bridging markers. Linkage group lengths varied from 98 to 187 cM, with an average distance between markers of 5.5 cM. All but two mapped SSR markers had homologies to physically mapped rice (Oryza sativa L.) genes, and six of the seven orchardgrass linkage groups were assigned based on this putative synteny with rice. Quantitative trait loci were detected for heading date on linkage groups 2, 5, and 6 in both parental maps, explaining between 12% and 24% of the variation. C1 [Xie, Wengang; Robins, Joseph G.; Bushman, B. Shaun] ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Xie, Wengang] Sichuan Agr Univ, Dept Grassland Sci, Anim Sci & Technol Coll, Yaan 625014, Peoples R China. RP Bushman, BS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM shaun.bushman@ars.usda.gov FU People's Republic of China State Scholarship Fund; National Science and Technology Supporting Project [2011BAD17B03] FX We would like to acknowledge the technical support of L. Michaels, J. Mays, K. Bhattarai, and R. Buffham. We would also like to acknowledge the People's Republic of China State Scholarship Fund, and the National Science and Technology Supporting Project (2011BAD17B03) for support of W.X. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 17 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD MAY PY 2012 VL 55 IS 5 BP 360 EP 369 DI 10.1139/G2012-026 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 939PW UT WOS:000303825900004 PM 22551303 ER PT J AU Cowley, AW Nadeau, JH Baccarelli, A Berecek, K Fornage, M Gibbons, GH Harrison, DG Liang, MY Nathanielsz, PW O'Connor, DT Ordovas, J Peng, WQ Soares, MB Szyf, M Tolunay, HE Wood, KC Zhao, K Galis, ZS AF Cowley, Allen W., Jr. Nadeau, Joseph H. Baccarelli, Andrea Berecek, Kathleen Fornage, Myriam Gibbons, Gary H. Harrison, David G. Liang, Mingyu Nathanielsz, Peter W. O'Connor, Daniel T. Ordovas, Jose Peng, Weiqun Soares, Marcelo Bento Szyf, Moshe Tolunay, H. Eser Wood, Katherine C. Zhao, Keji Galis, Zorina S. TI Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Working Group on Epigenetics and Hypertension SO HYPERTENSION LA English DT Review ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; COMPLEX TRAITS; DISEASE RISK; DEVELOPMENTAL PLASTICITY; MISSING HERITABILITY; PRESSURE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INHERITANCE; GENE; MECHANISMS C1 [Cowley, Allen W., Jr.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Physiol, Ctr Cardiovasc, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Nadeau, Joseph H.] Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA USA. [Baccarelli, Andrea] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Lab Environm Epigenet, Dept Environm Hlth,Exposure Epidemiol & Risk Prog, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Berecek, Kathleen] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Birmingham Comprehens Diabet Ctr, Birmingham, AL USA. [Fornage, Myriam] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Inst Mol Med, Houston, TX USA. [Gibbons, Gary H.] Morehouse Sch Med, Cardiovasc Res Inst, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. [Harrison, David G.] Vanderbilt Univ Sch Med, Nashville, TN USA. [Nathanielsz, Peter W.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Obstet Gynecol, Ctr Pregnancy & Newborn Res, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [O'Connor, Daniel T.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Ordovas, Jose] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ordovas, Jose] Ctr Nacl Invest Cardiovasc, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Genet, Madrid, Spain. [Ordovas, Jose] IMDEA Alimentac, Madrid, Spain. [Peng, Weiqun] George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Soares, Marcelo Bento] Northwestern Univ, Childrens Mem Res Ctr, Falk Brain Tumor Ctr, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Szyf, Moshe] McGill Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Tolunay, H. Eser; Galis, Zorina S.] NHLBI, Div Cardiovasc Sci, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Wood, Katherine C.] NHLBI, Hematol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Zhao, Keji] NHLBI, Div Intramural Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Baccarelli, Andrea] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Exposure Epidemiol & Risk Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Cowley, AW (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Physiol, Ctr Cardiovasc, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM cowley@mcw.edu; jnadeau@systemsbiology.org OI Baccarelli, Andrea/0000-0002-3436-0640; Nathanielsz, Peter/0000-0001-8410-6280 FU National heart, Lung, and Blood Institute FX The proceedings of the Epigenetics and Hypertension Working Group were supported through funds provided by the National heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. NR 54 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0194-911X J9 HYPERTENSION JI Hypertension PD MAY PY 2012 VL 59 IS 5 BP 899 EP 905 DI 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.190116 PG 7 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 938VH UT WOS:000303760900014 PM 22431584 ER PT J AU Kartal, SN Terzi, E Yoshimura, T Arango, R Clausen, CA Green, F AF Kartal, S. Nami Terzi, Evren Yoshimura, Tsuyoshi Arango, Rachel Clausen, Carol A. Green, Frederick, III TI Preliminary evaluation of storax and its constituents: Fungal decay, mold and termite resistance SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE Storax; Styrax; Cinnamyl alcohol; Fungal decay; Termites; Mold; Liquidambar orientalis ID CRYPTOMERIOIDES HAYATA HEARTWOOD; ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOUNDS; MILL. VAR. ORIENTALIS; LIQUIDAMBAR-ORIENTALIS; NATURAL DURABILITY; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES; EXTRACTIVES; WOOD; STYRAX; LEAVES AB Essential oils and their derivatives might be one of the promising preserving agents to prevent fungal decay and termite/insect attack in wood since such compounds have a long history of safe usage as antimicrobial agents in various industries. Considerable research has focused on utilizing bioactive essential oils and wood extractives based on green technologies to develop environmentally friendly wood preservatives. This study evaluated biological activities of storax from Liquidambar orientalis tree, some storax constituents and commercial styrax against wood-decaying fungi, mold fungi, and termites in laboratory conditions. Scots pine sapwood specimens were treated with various concentrations of styrax, storax and storax constituents i.e. cinnamyl acetate, cinnamyl alcohol and ethyl cinnamate. Treated specimens were subjected to leaching followed by soil block decay tests using two brown rot and two white rot fungi. Specimens were also subjected to two different laboratory termite resistance tests based on the standards methods by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS). Inhibitory effects of the compounds were evaluated in vitro against Basidiomycetes, mold, and staining fungi. Treated wood specimens were also tested for mold growth. The storax constituents, storax and styrax did not inhibit fungal decay by the brown rot fungi. The constituents and storax-treated specimens resulted in mostly "moderate resistance" to fungal decay by the white rot fungi based on the ASTM D2017 classification. Styrax only was effective against the Basidiomycetes fungi in vitro tests; however, the mold and staining fungi tested were not completely inhibited. Natural storax at the concentration level of 0.5% inhibited all fungi except Trametes versicolor and Ceratocystis pilifera. Cinnamyl alcohol inhibited fungal growth with the exception of Aspergillus niger. In mold tests, complete inhibition was not observed for any of the test fungi; however, cinnamyl alcohol reduced mold growth considerably on treated wood specimens. Cinnamyl alcohol was also effective against termites in unleached specimens; however, styrax and natural storax at the concentration level of 10% reduced wood consumption in treated specimens. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kartal, S. Nami; Terzi, Evren] Istanbul Univ, Fac Forestry, TR-34473 Istanbul, Turkey. [Yoshimura, Tsuyoshi] Kyoto Univ, RISH, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. [Arango, Rachel; Clausen, Carol A.; Green, Frederick, III] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53725 USA. RP Kartal, SN (reprint author), Istanbul Univ, Fac Forestry, TR-34473 Istanbul, Turkey. EM snkartal@istanbul.edu.tr RI Kartal, Nami/E-6516-2013 FU Coordination Unit for Scientific Research Projects, Istanbul University, Turkey [4436] FX The authors acknowledge financial support by the Coordination Unit for Scientific Research Projects, Istanbul University, Turkey (Project No: 4436). The authors acknowledge Dr. Coskun Kose of Forestry Faculty, Istanbul University, for help with obtaining natural storax and Scots pine tree. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 70 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.ibiod.2012.02.002 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 941JR UT WOS:000303960000008 ER PT J AU Lebow, S Woodward, B Halverson, S West, M AF Lebow, Stan Woodward, Bessie Halverson, Steven West, Michael TI Field tests of the efficacy of zinc and fatty amine in preventing colonization by copper-tolerant fungi SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE Preservative; Field tests; Copper; Zinc; Fatty amine; Copper tolerance ID CELLULAR MECHANISMS; WOOD PRESERVATIVES; SYSTEMS; GROWTH AB Ground-contact durability of stakes treated with acidic copper formulations was evaluated. All test formulations incorporated copper, dimethylcocoamine and propanoic acid; one set of formulations also included zinc. Sapwood stakes cut from the southern pine group were pressure-treated to a range of retentions with each formulation and placed into plots within Harrison Experimental Forest in Mississippi and compared with untreated stakes and chromated copper arsenate-treated stakes. Stakes were inspected and given a visual condition rating after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 years. Most stakes at higher retentions remained in good condition after 7 years; sporadic failures occurred in all but the highest retention of the zinc formulation. The sporadic nature of fungal attack by a fungus thought to be a strain of Antrodia radiculosa indicates that failures were caused by copper-tolerant fungi. At the concentrations evaluated, neither the dimethylcocoamine nor the propanoic acid offered adequate protection against copper-tolerant fungi. Addition of zinc notably increased decay resistance, and absence of failures at the highest retention may indicate that zinc can help to protect against copper-tolerant fungi. However, the sporadic nature of copper tolerance makes this finding difficult to confirm. Inspection of theses stakes will continue. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lebow, Stan; Woodward, Bessie; Halverson, Steven] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Lebow, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM slebow@fs.fed.us; bwoodward@fs.fed.us; shalverson@fs.fed.us NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 70 BP 74 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.ibiod.2012.02.003 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 941JR UT WOS:000303960000012 ER PT J AU Tekedar, HC Karsi, A Gillaspy, AF Dyer, DW Benton, NR Zaitshik, J Vamenta, S Banes, MM Gulsoy, N Aboko-Cole, M Waldbieser, GC Lawrence, ML AF Tekedar, Hasan C. Karsi, Attila Gillaspy, Allison F. Dyer, David W. Benton, Nicole R. Zaitshik, Jeremy Vamenta, Stefanie Banes, Michelle M. Gulsoy, Nagihan Aboko-Cole, Mary Waldbieser, Geoffrey C. Lawrence, Mark L. TI Genome Sequence of the Fish Pathogen Flavobacterium columnare ATCC 49512 SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; FLEXIBACTER-COLUMNARIS; NOV AB Flavobacterium columnare is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile, and highly prevalent fish pathogen causing columnaris disease in freshwater fish worldwide. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of F. columnare strain ATCC 49512. C1 [Tekedar, Hasan C.; Karsi, Attila; Vamenta, Stefanie; Banes, Michelle M.; Lawrence, Mark L.] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Gillaspy, Allison F.; Dyer, David W.; Benton, Nicole R.; Zaitshik, Jeremy] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA. [Gulsoy, Nagihan] Marmara Univ, Dept Biol, Fac Art & Sci, Istanbul, Turkey. [Aboko-Cole, Mary] Tuskegee Univ, Sch Vet Med, Tuskegee, AL USA. [Waldbieser, Geoffrey C.] ARS, USDA, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Lawrence, ML (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM lawrence@cvm.msstate.edu RI Tekedar, Hasan/E-4138-2012; OI Tekedar, Hasan/0000-0001-7678-791X; Karsi, Attila/0000-0001-6845-3346 FU United States Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2006-35600-16571]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [5T35RR007071] FX This project was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture (2006-35600-16571). M.A.-C. was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH grant number 5T35RR007071). NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 194 IS 10 BP 2763 EP 2764 DI 10.1128/JB.00281-12 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 937WH UT WOS:000303693400049 PM 22535941 ER PT J AU Fan, ZY Keum, YS Li, QX Shelver, WL Guo, LH AF Fan, Ziyan Keum, Young Soo Li, Qing X. Shelver, Weilin L. Guo, Liang-Hong TI Sensitive immunoassay detection of multiple environmental chemicals on protein microarrays using DNA/dye conjugate as a fluorescent label SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; ANTIBODY MICROARRAYS; PBDES; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; IMMUNOSENSOR; GENERATION; EXPOSURE; SERUM AB Indirect competitive immunoassays were developed on protein microarrays for the sensitive and simultaneous detection of multiple environmental chemicals in one sample. In this assay, a DNA/SYTOX Orange conjugate was employed as an antibody label to increase the fluorescence signal and sensitivity of the immunoassays. Epoxy-modified glass slides were selected as the substrate for the production of 4 x 4 coating antigen microarrays. With this signal-enhancing system, competition curves for 17 beta-estradiol (E2), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) were obtained individually on the protein microarray. The IC50 and calculated limit of detection (LOD) are 0.32 mu g L-1 and 0.022 mu g L-1 for E2, 37.2 mu g L-1 and 24.5 mu g L-1 for BaP, and 31.6 mu g L-1 and 2.8 mu g L-1 for BDE-47, respectively. LOD of E2 is 14-fold lower than the value reported in a previous study using Cy3 labeled antibody (Du et al., Clin. Chem, 2005, 51, 368-375). The results of the microarray immunoassay were within 15% of chromatographic analysis for all three pollutants in spiked river water samples, thus verifying the immunoassay. Simultaneous detection of E2, BaP and BDE-47 in one sample was demonstrated. There was no cross-reaction in the immunoassay between these three environmental chemicals. These results suggest that microarray-based immunoassays with DNA/dye conjugate labels are useful tools for the rapid, sensitive, and high throughput screening of multiple environmental contaminants. C1 [Fan, Ziyan; Guo, Liang-Hong] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Environm Chem & Ecotoxicol, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. [Keum, Young Soo; Li, Qing X.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Keum, Young Soo] Konkuk Univ Korea, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Seoul 143701, South Korea. [Shelver, Weilin L.] USDA Agr Res Serv, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Guo, LH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Environm Chem & Ecotoxicol, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, 18 Shuangqing Rd,POB 2871, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. EM LHGuo@rcees.ac.cn RI Guo, Liang-Hong/A-2909-2012 FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [KSSCX2-YW-G-059]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [20825519, 20890112, 20921603] FX This work was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSSCX2-YW-G-059) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20825519, 20890112, 20921603). NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 31 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1345 EP 1352 DI 10.1039/c2em10956e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 935EM UT WOS:000303501800009 PM 22437995 ER PT J AU Lord, JC Hartzer, KL Kambhampati, S AF Lord, Jeffrey C. Hartzer, Kris L. Kambhampati, Srinivas TI A Nuptially Transmitted Ichthyosporean Symbiont of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mealworm; Mesomycetozoa; small subunit ribosomal DNA; symbiosis ID ANIMAL-FUNGAL BOUNDARY; PROTISTS; CLADE; MESOMYCETOZOEA; CLASSIFICATION; HAPLOSPORIDIA; DIVERGENCE; INFERENCE; PARASITE; DAPHNIA AB The yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor, harbors a symbiont that has spores with a thick, laminated wall and infects the fat body and ventral nerve chord of adult and larval beetles. In adult males, there is heavy infection of the epithelial cells of the testes and between testes lobes with occasional penetration of the lobes. Spores are enveloped in the spermatophores when they are formed at the time of mating and transferred to the female's bursa copulatrix. Infection has not been found in the ovaries. The sequence of the nuclear small subunit rDNA indicates that the symbiont is a member of the Ichthyosporea, a class of protists near the animalfungi divergence. C1 [Lord, Jeffrey C.; Hartzer, Kris L.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Kambhampati, Srinivas] Univ Texas Tyler, Dept Biol, Tyler, TX 75799 USA. RP Lord, JC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM jeff.lor-d@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 59 IS 3 BP 246 EP 250 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00617.x PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 939KB UT WOS:000303807700006 PM 22510059 ER PT J AU Medina, MB Shelver, WL Fratamico, PM Fortis, L Tillman, G Narang, N Cray, WC Esteban, E DebRoy, C AF Medina, Marjorie B. Shelver, Weilin L. Fratamico, Pina M. Fortis, Laurie Tillman, Glenn Narang, Neelam Cray, William C., Jr. Esteban, Emilio DebRoy, Chitrita TI Latex Agglutination Assays for Detection of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145 SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; MICROPARTICLE IMMUNOASSAY; UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; OUTBREAK; PREVALENCE; STEC AB Latex agglutination assays utilizing polyclonal antibodies were developed for the top six non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serogroups. Rabbit antisera were affinity purified through protein A/G columns, and the isolated immunoglobulins (IgGs) were covalently immobilized onto polystyrene latex particles. The resulting latex-IgG complex had a protein (IgG) load of 0.20 to 0.28 mg/ml in a 1% latex suspension. Optimum conditions for the agglutination assay consisted of utilizing 20 mu l of latex-IgG reagent containing 2.0 to 2.8 mu g IgG in a 0.5% latex suspension. Agglutination or flocculation was observed almost instantly after mixing the colonies with the latex-IgG, indicating STEC strains. More than 100 target and nontarget strains were tested in more than 3,000 test replicates. All target organisms produced positive results, but three antisera (anti-O26, anti-O103, and anti-O145) cross-reacted with some other STECs. The anti-O103 and anti-O145 latex reagents cross-reacted with O26 strains, and the anti-O26 cross-reacted with O103 strains. The latex-IgG reagents are stable for at least I year and are easy to prepare. These agglutination assays can be used for identification of presumptive non-O157 STEC colonies from mar media. The techniques used to prepare the latex reagents also can be utilized for testing other STEC serogroups, other E. coli serotypes, or other pathogens to ensure safe foods to consumers. C1 [Medina, Marjorie B.; Fratamico, Pina M.; Fortis, Laurie] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Shelver, Weilin L.] ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Tillman, Glenn; Narang, Neelam; Cray, William C., Jr.; Esteban, Emilio] Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Eastern Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [DebRoy, Chitrita] Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, E Coli Reference Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Medina, MB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM marjorie.medina@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 75 IS 5 BP 819 EP 826 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-430 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 939UN UT WOS:000303844400002 PM 22564929 ER PT J AU Brichta-Harhay, DM Arthur, TM Bosilevac, JM Kalchayanand, N Schmidt, JW Wang, R Shackelford, SD Loneragan, GH Wheeler, TL AF Brichta-Harhay, Dayna M. Arthur, Terrance M. Bosilevac, Joseph M. Kalchayanand, Norasak Schmidt, John W. Wang, Rong Shackelford, Steven D. Loneragan, Guy H. Wheeler, Tommy L. TI Microbiological Analysis of Bovine Lymph Nodes for the Detection of Salmonella enterica SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FOODBORNE DISEASE OUTBREAKS; IN-GROUND BEEF; UNITED-STATES; NEWPORT INFECTIONS; CATTLE; SURVEILLANCE; TYPHIMURIUM; PREVALENCE; SLAUGHTER AB Bovine peripheral lymph nodes (LNs) have been identified as a potential source of Salmonella when trim containing these nodes is incorporated into ground beef. Studies examining the prevalence of Salmonella in peripheral LNs of cattle are few in number, and the microbiological methods used for these analyses have not been validated. Given that Salmonella contamination may be found on postintervention carcasses, it is important to understand the extent to which Salmonella contamination from surrounding adipose tissue is transferred to LN samples during sample preparation. To better understand the potential for cross-contamination, 906 LN samples were collected from postintervention carcasses and these, along with the corresponding adipose trim (AT), were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella. The results showed that the Salmonella prevalence in LNs and on AT was 0.8 and 5%, respectively, but that it was possible to find AT positive for Salmonella contamination while the corresponding LNs were negative and vice versa. In order to examine the dynamics of cross-contamination between surface adipose tissue and LNs in the trimming process, inoculation studies were performed. The efficacy of LN submersion in boiling water as a means of surface sterilization and the effect of boiling on the viability of Salmonella contained within LN samples were also examined. The results showed that, on average, 23 to 43% of the inoculated LN samples in this study were cross-contaminated by Salmonella on surrounding adipose tissue when present in the range of 10(1) to 10(2) CFU per sample; however, surface decontamination methods were very effective at removing Salmonella cross-contaminants in this range. C1 [Brichta-Harhay, Dayna M.; Arthur, Terrance M.; Bosilevac, Joseph M.; Kalchayanand, Norasak; Schmidt, John W.; Wang, Rong; Shackelford, Steven D.; Wheeler, Tommy L.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Loneragan, Guy H.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Brichta-Harhay, DM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM dayna.harhay@ars.usda.gov OI Schmidt, John/0000-0003-0494-2436 FU Beef Checkoff FX This project was funded in part by The Beef Checkoff. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the cooperating abattoirs. We also thank Kim Kucera, Frank Reno, Bruce Jasch, Julie Dyer, Sydney Brodrick, and Greg Smith for their excellent technical support and Joan Rosch for her invaluable administrative assistance. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 75 IS 5 BP 854 EP 858 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-434 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 939UN UT WOS:000303844400006 PM 22564933 ER PT J AU Rasooly, R He, XH AF Rasooly, Reuven He, Xiaohua TI Sensitive Bioassay for Detection of Biologically Active Ricin in Food SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CHAIN; CELLS AB The potential use of ricin as an agent of biological warfare highlights the need to develop fast and effective methods to detect biologically active ricin. The current "gold standard" for ricin detection is an in vivo mouse bioassay; however, this method is not practical to test on a large number of samples and raises ethical concerns with regard to the use of experimental animals. In this work, we generated adenoviral vectors that express the green fluorescent protein gene and used the relative fluorescence units intensity inhibition by transduced cells for quantitative measurement of biologically active ricin. The detection limit of the assay was 200 pg/ml, which is over 500,000 times greater than the adult human lethal oral dose. The inhibition of fluorescence intensity between ricin treatment and control was higher in 72-h posttransduction Vero cells than 24-h human embryonic kidney cells. Therefore, to detect biologically active ricin in food matrices that might influence the assay, we used 72-h posttransduction Vero cells. This simple assay could be used for large-scale screening to detect biologically active ricin in food without added substrates or use of cell fixation methods. C1 [Rasooly, Reuven; He, Xiaohua] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Rasooly, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM reuven.rasooly@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 17 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 75 IS 5 BP 951 EP 954 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-448 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 939UN UT WOS:000303844400019 PM 22564946 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JW Wang, R Kalchayanand, N Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M AF Schmidt, John W. Wang, Rong Kalchayanand, Norasak Wheeler, Tommy L. Koohmaraie, Mohammad TI Efficacy of Hypobromous Acid as a Hide-On Carcass Antimicrobial Intervention SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; BEEF PROCESSING PLANT; DIRECT PLATING METHODS; AEROBIC-BACTERIA; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; UNITED-STATES; GROUND-BEEF; FRESH MEAT; PREVALENCE; SALMONELLA AB Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on cattle hides at slaughter are the main source of beef carcass contamination by these foodborne pathogens during processing. Hypobromous acid (HOBr) has been approved for various applications in meat processing, but the efficacy of HOBr as a hide antimicrobial has not been determined. In this study, the antimicrobial properties of HOBr were determined by spraying cattle hides at either of two concentrations, 220 or 500 ppm. Treatment of hides with 220 ppm of HOBr reduced the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 on hides from 25.3 to 10.1% (P < 0.05) and reduced the prevalence of Salmonella from 28.3 to 7.1% (P < 0.05). Treatment of hides with 500 ppm of HOBr reduced (P < 0.05) the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 on hides from 21.2 to 10.1% and the prevalence of Salmonella from 33.3 to 8.1%. The application of 220 ppm of HOBr reduced (P < 0.05) aerobic plate counts, total coliform counts, and E. coli counts on hides by 2.2 log CFU/100 cm(2). The use of 500 ppm of HOBr resulted in reductions (P < 0.05) of aerobic plate counts, total conform counts, and E. coli counts by 3.3, 3.7, and 3.8 log CFU/100 cm(2), respectively, demonstrating that the use of higher concentrations of HOBr on hides resulted in additional antimicrobial activity. These results indicate that the adoption of a HOBr hide wash will reduce hide concentrations of spoilage bacteria and pathogen prevalence, resulting in a lower risk of carcass contamination. C1 [Schmidt, John W.; Wang, Rong; Kalchayanand, Norasak; Wheeler, Tommy L.] ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Koohmaraie, Mohammad] IEH Labs & Consulting Grp, Lake Forest Pk, WA 98155 USA. [Koohmaraie, Mohammad] King Saud Univ, Coll Food & Agr, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. RP Schmidt, JW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM john.w.schmidt@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013; OI Schmidt, John/0000-0003-0494-2436 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 75 IS 5 BP 955 EP 958 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-433 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 939UN UT WOS:000303844400020 PM 22564947 ER PT J AU Ramos, MA Muir, ZE Ashby, RD AF Ramos, Mila Aldema Muir, Zerlina E. Ashby, Richard D. TI SOAKING FORMULATIONS THAT CAN SOFTEN AND REMOVE HARDENED BOVINE MANURE: PART II, EFFECTS ON QUALITY OF LEATHER SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Previously developed new soaking formulations have been shown to soften and eventually remove adobe type manure and its damaging effects on bovine hides. The mechanical stress due to the weight and pressure of hard-to-remove adobe-type manure on bovine hides can cause unwanted holes in the finished leather. The incorporation of crude glycerol and sodium carbonate with or without sophorolipid (a biodegradable surfactant) in the soaking solution was found to be effective in the softening and subsequent removal of the adobe-type manure. The leather industry is interested in the potential effects of these newly developed soaking formulations on leather quality. The standard soaking solution that the hide industry is generally utilizing is composed of a high concentration (0.10-0.15%) of biocide and surfactant. In this study, we report that by utilizing crude glycerol and sodium carbonate, the inclusion of only similar to 10-25 % of the standard soaking solution has the potential to soften and facilitate the removal of adobe-type manure. The mechanical properties of the leather products made from the hides soaked in these newly developed formulations are superior thus improving the overall quality of the finished leather. C1 [Ramos, Mila Aldema; Muir, Zerlina E.; Ashby, Richard D.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Ramos, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mila.ramos@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOC PI LUBBOCK PA 1314 50 ST, STE 103, LUBBOCK, TX 79412 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 107 IS 5 BP 167 EP 174 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 937DH UT WOS:000303638700004 ER PT J AU Pena, L Vincent, AL Loving, CL Henningson, JN Lager, KM Lorusso, A Perez, DR AF Pena, Lindomar Vincent, Amy L. Loving, Crystal L. Henningson, Jamie N. Lager, Kelly M. Lorusso, Alessio Perez, Daniel R. TI Restored PB1-F2 in the 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus Has Minimal Effects in Swine SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS; SIALIC-ACID RECEPTORS; A-VIRUS; VIRULENCE DETERMINANTS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; MOLECULAR-BASIS; CELL-DEATH; PIGS; PROTEIN; PATHOGENESIS AB PB1-F2 is an 87- to 90-amino-acid-long protein expressed by certain influenza A viruses. Previous studies have shown that PB1-F2 contributes to virulence in the mouse model; however, its role in natural hosts-pigs, humans, or birds-remains largely unknown. Outbreaks of domestic pigs infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus (pH1N1) have been detected worldwide. Unlike previous pandemic strains, pH1N1 viruses do not encode a functional PB1-F2 due to the presence of three stop codons resulting in premature truncation after codon 11. However, pH1N1s have the potential to acquire the full-length form of PB1-F2 through mutation or reassortment. In this study, we assessed whether restoring the full-length PB1-F2 open reading frame (ORF) in the pH1N1 background would have an effect on virus replication and virulence in pigs. Restoring the PB1-F2 ORF resulted in upregulation of viral polymerase activity at early time points in vitro and enhanced virus yields in porcine respiratory explants and in the lungs of infected pigs. There was an increase in the severity of pneumonia in pigs infected with isogenic virus expressing PB1-F2 compared to the wild-type (WT) pH1N1. The extent of microscopic pneumonia correlated with increased pulmonary levels of alpha interferon and interleukin-1 beta in pigs infected with pH1N1 encoding a functional PB1-F2 but only early in the infection. Together, our results indicate that PB1-F2 in the context of pH1N1 moderately modulates viral replication, lung histopathology, and local cytokine response in pigs. C1 [Vincent, Amy L.; Loving, Crystal L.; Henningson, Jamie N.; Lager, Kelly M.; Lorusso, Alessio] USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. [Pena, Lindomar; Perez, Daniel R.] Univ Maryland Coll Pk, Dept Vet Med, College Pk, MD USA. [Pena, Lindomar; Perez, Daniel R.] Univ Maryland, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Vincent, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. EM Amy.Vincent@ars.usda.gov; dperez1@umd.edu RI Lorusso, Alessio/A-7311-2016; OI Lorusso, Alessio/0000-0001-7933-7367; Lorusso, Alessio/0000-0001-6156-8212 FU CDC-HHS [1U01CI000355]; NIAID-NTH [R01AI052155]; CSREES-USDA [2005-05523]; NIAID-NIH [HHSN266200700010C]; USDA-ARS FX This research was made possible through funding by a CDC-HHS grant (1U01CI000355), an NIAID-NTH grant, (R01AI052155), a CSREES-USDA grant (2005-05523), and an NIAID-NIH contract (HHSN266200700010C) and by the USDA-ARS. NR 78 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 86 IS 10 BP 5523 EP 5532 DI 10.1128/JVI.00134-12 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 939DJ UT WOS:000303787100010 PM 22379102 ER PT J AU Ashfield, T Egan, AN Pfeil, BE Chen, NWG Podicheti, R Ratnaparkhe, MB Ameline-Torregrosa, C Denny, R Cannon, S Doyle, JJ Geffroy, V Roe, BA Maroof, MAS Young, ND Innes, RW AF Ashfield, Tom Egan, Ashley N. Pfeil, Bernard E. Chen, Nicolas W. G. Podicheti, Ram Ratnaparkhe, Milind B. Ameline-Torregrosa, Carine Denny, Roxanne Cannon, Steven Doyle, Jeff J. Geffroy, Valerie Roe, Bruce A. Maroof, M. A. Saghai Young, Nevin D. Innes, Roger W. TI Evolution of a Complex Disease Resistance Gene Cluster in Diploid Phaseolus and Tetraploid Glycine SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CELL-DEATH; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; DUPLICATION EVENTS; GENOME EVOLUTION; RUST RESISTANCE; COILED-COIL; PROTEIN; RECOMBINATION; SEQUENCES AB We used a comparative genomics approach to investigate the evolution of a complex nucleotide-binding (NB)-leucine-rich repeat (LRR) gene cluster found in soybean (Glycine max) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) that is associated with several disease resistance (R) genes of known function, including Rpg1b (for Resistance to Pseudomonas glycinea1b), an R gene effective against specific races of bacterial blight. Analysis of domains revealed that the amino-terminal coiled-coil (CC) domain, central nucleotide-binding domain (NB-ARC [for APAF1, Resistance genes, and CED4]), and carboxyl-terminal LRR domain have undergone distinct evolutionary paths. Sequence exchanges within the NB-ARC domain were rare. In contrast, interparalogue exchanges involving the CC and LRR domains were common, consistent with both of these regions coevolving with pathogens. Residues under positive selection were overrepresented within the predicted solvent-exposed face of the LRR domain, although several also were detected within the CC and NB-ARC domains. Superimposition of these latter residues onto predicted tertiary structures revealed that the majority are located on the surface, suggestive of a role in interactions with other domains or proteins. Following polyploidy in the Glycine lineage, NB-LRR genes have been preferentially lost from one of the duplicated chromosomes (homeologues found in soybean), and there has been partitioning of NB-LRR clades between the two homeologues. The single orthologous region in common bean contains approximately the same number of paralogues as found in the two soybean homeologues combined. We conclude that while polyploidization in Glycine has not driven a stable increase in family size for NB-LRR genes, it has generated two recombinationally isolated clusters, one of which appears to be in the process of decay. C1 [Ashfield, Tom; Podicheti, Ram; Innes, Roger W.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Egan, Ashley N.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Pfeil, Bernard E.; Doyle, Jeff J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, LH Bailey Hortorium, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Chen, Nicolas W. G.; Geffroy, Valerie] Univ Paris 11, Inst Biotechnol Plantes, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Ratnaparkhe, Milind B.; Maroof, M. A. Saghai] Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Ameline-Torregrosa, Carine; Denny, Roxanne; Young, Nevin D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Cannon, Steven] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Cannon, Steven] ARS, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Geffroy, Valerie] Inst Natl Rech Sci, Unite Mixte Rech Genet Vegetale, F-91190 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Roe, Bruce A.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Innes, RW (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM rinnes@indiana.edu RI Pfeil, Bernard/C-1108-2008; martel, celine/M-9779-2014; OI Pfeil, Bernard/0000-0001-8179-2270; martel, celine/0000-0002-1800-4558; Chen, Nicolas/0000-0002-7528-4656 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0321664, DEB-0516673]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences at the National Institutes of Health [R01GM046451]; Genoscope/Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique-Centre National de Sequencage; Microsoft Corporation; Oklahoma University Advanced Center for Genome Technology; National Institutes of Health [P41 RR001081] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (Plant Genome Research Program grant no. DBI-0321664 to R. W. I., M. A. S. M., N.D.Y., B. A. R., and J.J.D. and Systematics Award no. DEB-0516673 to A.N.E.), the National Institute of General Medical Sciences at the National Institutes of Health (grant no. R01GM046451 to R. W. I.), and Genoscope/Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique-Centre National de Sequencage (grant to V.G.).; Computer support was provided by the Indiana University Information Technology Services Research Database Complex, the Computational Biology Service Unit from Cornell University (which is partially funded by Microsoft Corporation), and the Oklahoma University Advanced Center for Genome Technology. Molecular graphics images were produced using the UCSF Chimera package from the Resource for Biocomputing, Visualization, and Informatics at the University of California, San Francisco (supported by National Institutes of Health grant no. P41 RR001081). NR 90 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 41 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 159 IS 1 BP 336 EP 354 DI 10.1104/pp.112.195040 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 937KJ UT WOS:000303657100028 PM 22457424 ER PT J AU Uhlich, GA Chen, CY AF Uhlich, Gaylen A. Chen, Chin-Yi TI A cloning vector for creation of Escherichia coli lacZ translational fusions and generation of linear template for chromosomal integration SO PLASMID LA English DT Article DE STEC; beta-Galactosidase; Promoter expression; lacZ translational fusion ID INSERTION MUTATIONS; CONSTRUCTION; EXPRESSION; PROMOTER; PLASMID-PBR322; RECOMBINATION; SEQUENCE; STRAINS; SYSTEM AB A novel cloning vector to aid in the construction of single copy beta-galactosidase reporter systems for gene expression studies in lactose metabolizing Escherichia coli strains, including STEC, is described. The plasmid allows construction of translational fusions of cloned gene promoters to a short segment of E. coli lacZ. A selectable spectinomycin resistance marker flanked by a short lad segment is positioned 5' to the cloning site. PCR amplification using opposing primers complementary to the upstream lad fragment and the downstream lacZ fragment generates a linear template suitable for integration using pRedET recombination. Integration of linear template derived from the recombinant plasmid into host strains replaces the entire native lacZ promoter and fuses the promoter of interest in-frame with the lacZ gene, thus simultaneously producing a single-copy, chromosomal reporter system and eliminating background lacZ expression. Studies comparing ahpC expression from a chromosomal fusion in the lac open with that on a plasmid in E. coli strain EDL933 are shown. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Uhlich, Gaylen A.; Chen, Chin-Yi] ARS, Mol Characterizat Foodborne Pathogens Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Uhlich, GA (reprint author), ARS, Mol Characterizat Foodborne Pathogens Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM gaylen.uhlich@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-619X EI 1095-9890 J9 PLASMID JI Plasmid PD MAY PY 2012 VL 67 IS 3 BP 259 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.plasmid.2011.12.003 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA 941GF UT WOS:000303951000007 PM 22197962 ER PT J AU Kelley, DS Adkins, Y AF Kelley, Darshan S. Adkins, Yuriko TI Similarities and differences between the effects of EPA and DHA on markers of atherosclerosis in human subjects SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Immunonutrition Workshop CY APR 06-08, 2011 CL Puerto Vallarta, MEXICO DE TAG; LDL size and numbers; Intima-media thickness; Blood pressure ID N-3 FATTY-ACIDS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; LONG-CHAIN N-3; PURIFIED EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; LIPID-PEROXIDATION PROCESSES; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; SOLUBLE ADHESION MOLECULES AB We have reviewed effects of long chain (LC) n-3 PUFA on markers of atherosclerosis in human subjects with a focus on individual effects of EPA and DHA. Initial results from epidemiological studies suggested that LC n-3 PUFA from fish oils (FO) reduced incidence of CVD; those results have been confirmed in interventional studies. Dietary intervention with n-3 PUFA decreased fasting and postprandial TAG, number of remnant-like chylomicron particles, large VLDL, and total and small dense LDL particles. It increased mean size of LDL particles by increasing number of large and decreasing those of small dense particles. With some exceptions, n-3 PUFA decreased blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers. n-3 PUFA also decreased circulating adhesion molecules and intima-media thickness (IMT) in some but not other studies. For IMT, results varied with the sex and artery being examined. EPA effects on FMD are endothelial cell dependent, while those of DHA seem to be endothelial cell independent. Individually, both EPA and DHA decreased TAG and inflammatory markers, but only DHA decreased HR, BP and number of small dense LDL particles. Results varied because of dose and duration of n-3 PUFA, EPA: DHA, health status of subjects and other reasons. Future studies are needed to determine optimal doses of EPA and DHA individually, their synergistic, additive or antagonistic effects, and to understand underlying mechanisms. In conclusion, n-3 PUFA decreased several risk factors for atherosclerosis without any serious adverse effects. C1 [Kelley, Darshan S.] ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kelley, DS (reprint author), ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM darshan.kelley@ars.usda.gov NR 111 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 26 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0029-6651 EI 1475-2719 J9 P NUTR SOC JI Proc. Nutr. Soc. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 71 IS 2 BP 322 EP 331 DI 10.1017/S0029665112000080 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 939OY UT WOS:000303823000014 PM 22369859 ER PT J AU Zhu, W Houtman, CJ Zhu, JY Gleisner, R Chen, KF AF Zhu, W. Houtman, Carl J. Zhu, J. Y. Gleisner, Roland Chen, K. F. TI Quantitative predictions of bioconversion of aspen by dilute acid and SPORL pretreatments using a unified combined hydrolysis factor (CHF) SO PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Combined severity or hydrolysis factor; Hemicellulose/xylan hydrolysis; Kinetic model; Pretreatment; Biomass/lignocellulose bioconversion; Enzymatic saccharification/hydrolysis ID CELLULOSIC ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; ENZYMATIC SACCHARIFICATION; LODGEPOLE PINE; OVERCOME RECALCITRANCE; SULFITE PRETREATMENT; SEVERITY PARAMETER; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; FERMENTATION; XYLAN; WOOD AB A combined hydrolysis factor (CHF) was developed to predict xylan hydrolysis during pretreatments of native aspen (Populus tremuloides) wood chips. A natural extension of previously developed kinetic models allowed us to account for the effect of catalysts by dilute acid and two sulfite pretreatments at different pH values. When xylan is modeled as two fractions with different hydrolysis rates, previously identified as fast and slow xylan, the model closely matches the experimental data. Extent of xylan hydrolysis is strongly correlated with pretreatment solids yield, energy consumption for size reduction, and substrate enzymatic digestibility (SED). Composition of the pretreatment hydrolysate was less correlated with extent of hydrolysis due to carbohydrate decomposition reactions. Substrate cellulose enzymatic conversion and enzymatic hydrolysis glucose yield can be predicted to approximately 10% accuracy using CHF alone. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Houtman, Carl J.; Zhu, J. Y.; Gleisner, Roland] USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Zhu, W.] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Chen, K. F.] S China Univ Technol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us RI Houtman, Carl/I-4469-2012 FU U.S. Forest Service; Chinese Scholarship Council FX We acknowledge Fred Matt (U.S. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory) for carrying out the many careful analyses of carbohydrates of solid substrates. This work was supported by the U.S. Forest Service Program of Woody Biomass, Bioenergy, and Bio-products (WBBB, 2009). This program together with the Chinese Scholarship Council provided financial support to W. Zhu for his visiting appointment at the U.S. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. NR 29 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 5 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-5113 J9 PROCESS BIOCHEM JI Process Biochem. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 47 IS 5 BP 785 EP 791 DI 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.02.012 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA 936XD UT WOS:000303622400014 ER PT J AU Turketti, SS Curry, E Lotze, E AF Turketti, S. S. Curry, E. Loetze, E. TI Role of lenticel morphology, frequency and density on incidence of lenticel breakdown in 'Gala' apples SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE Lenticel breakdown; Apples; 'Royal Gala'; 'Gala' sports; Pre-harvest; Microclimate; South Africa ID MALUS-DOMESTICA BORKH.; EPICUTICULAR WAX; POSTHARVEST; PREHARVEST; FRUIT AB Lenticel breakdown is a skin disorder of apples occurring around the globe. Symptoms of this physiological disorder can be observed only after harvest. Prevalent on the variety 'Gala', especially 'Royal Gala', it is also observed on the varieties 'Fuji', 'Granny Smith'. 'Golden Delicious' and 'Delicious'. Lenticel breakdown is influenced by a combination of factors that include cultivation and handling practices, however the causes have not yet been determined. The motivation for the present research was to investigate the morphology and anatomy of lenticels, evaluating fruits at different stages of development. Fruits were evaluated from three different orchards in the Western Cape, South Africa, on an attempt to relate physical and morphological aspects of the fruit to the environment of the different regions. There is an indication that factors that influence fruit growth and cuticle development, e.g. relative humidity and temperature, are directly linked to lenticel breakdown. The lack of lenticel breakdown on the seasons studied limited our conclusions. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Turketti, S. S.; Loetze, E.] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Hort Sci, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. [Curry, E.] ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, USDA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Lotze, E (reprint author), Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Hort Sci, Private Bag X1, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. EM san@sun.ac.za; eric.curry@ars.usda.gov; elotze@sun.ac.za OI Curry, Eric/0000-0003-2958-9376 FU National Research Foundation; Fruitgro Services FX In South Africa, we wish to thank Mrs. P. Conradie and DuToit Agri for supplying the fruit and historical information in Ceres, as well as Fruitgro Services and the National Research Foundation who funded the research. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 138 BP 90 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2012.02.010 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 936XR UT WOS:000303623800012 ER PT J AU Albrecht, U McCollum, G Bowman, KD AF Albrecht, Ute McCollum, Greg Bowman, Kim D. TI Influence of rootstock variety on Huanglongbing disease development in field-grown sweet orange (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck) trees SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE Citrus greening; Disease resistance; Rootstock ID CANDIDATUS LIBERIBACTER-ASIATICUS; GREENING-DISEASE; INFECTION; FRUIT; FLORIDA; BRAZIL; PAULO AB Huanglongbing (HLB), a bacterial disease of citrus, is causing substantial economic losses to the citrus industry worldwide. Sweet oranges are highly susceptible to the disease, and account for nearly 90% of all varieties grown in Florida. Rootstock is an important component of commercial citrus production, and tolerance to HLB has been reported for some rootstock varieties. Our objective was to investigate if rootstock selection has an effect on HLB disease development under natural conditions in the field. Four field trials with sweet orange scion on 15 different rootstocks were evaluated for incidence of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), the suspected causal agent of HLB, as well as incidence of foliar disease symptoms, canopy damage, and stem growth during the first years after Las began to spread into the trials. Trials ranged from two to nine years in age and included hybrids of trifoliate orange along with other rootstocks standard for citrus production in Florida. Fruit yield and soluble solids content were analyzed for the oldest trial. Our study showed that rootstock did not affect disease incidence and that trees on all rootstocks were considerably damaged by HLB. However, tolerance to HLB was higher in trees grafted on some rootstock selections. In the youngest trial, stem diameters on Volkamer lemon increased 53% while trees on US-852, Benton citrange and Swingle citrumelo grew the least at 21-26% from 2008 to 2010. Depending on trial and time of observation, foliar HLB symptoms on US-897 were less than on many other rootstocks, with ranks of 3.3-4.0 compared with 4.5-4.9 observed for US-812, US-852, Carrizo citrange and Kinkoji. Canopy damage ranks were 1.4-2.6 for trees on US-802 compared with 3.9-4.1 for trees on US-812, U-852, Sour orange, and Swingle in the oldest trial. In the youngest trials, trees on Volkamer showed least canopy damage while trees on US-852 and Benton were more affected. Highest fruit yields of 30-64 kg/tree were obtained from trees on US-802 and Carrizo. In 2010, highest juice soluble solids content of 2.8-2.9 kg was observed for trees on US-897 and US-812. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Albrecht, Ute; McCollum, Greg; Bowman, Kim D.] ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Albrecht, U (reprint author), ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM ute.albrecht@ars.usda.gov FU Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council; Florida Citrus Research and Development Foundation FX We thank Kerry Worton and Emily Domagtoy for technical assistance. This research was supported in part by grants from the Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council and the Florida Citrus Research and Development Foundation. Mention of a trademark, warranty, proprietary product, or vendor does not imply an approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that also may be suitable. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 EI 1879-1018 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 138 BP 210 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2012.02.027 PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 936XR UT WOS:000303623800029 ER PT J AU Novak, JM Busscher, WJ Watts, DW Amonette, JE Ippolito, JA Lima, IM Gaskin, J Das, KC Steiner, C Ahmedna, M Rehrah, D Schomberg, H AF Novak, Jeffrey M. Busscher, Warren J. Watts, Donald W. Amonette, James E. Ippolito, James A. Lima, Isabel M. Gaskin, Julia Das, K. C. Steiner, Christoph Ahmedna, Mohamed Rehrah, Djaafar Schomberg, Harry TI Biochars Impact on Soil-Moisture Storage in an Ultisol and Two Aridisols SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Aridisol; biochar; GRACEnet; soil moisture; Ultisol ID BLACK CARBON; TEMPERATURE PYROLYSIS; CHARCOAL; OPPORTUNITIES; BIOENERGY; KINETICS; BAGASSE; SILICA; ENERGY; PLANTS AB Biochar additions to soils can improve soil-water storage capability; however, there is sparse information identifying feedstocks and pyrolysis conditions that maximize this improvement. Nine biochars were pyrolyzed from five feedstocks at two temperatures, and their physical and chemical properties were characterized. Biochars were mixed at 2% wt wt(-1) into a Norfolk loamy sand (Fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kandiudult), a Declo silt loam (Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic xeric Haplocalcid), or aWarden silt loam(Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic xeric Haplocambid). Untreated soils served as controls. Soils were laboratory incubated in pots for 127 days and were leached about every 30 days with deionized water. Soil bulk densities were measured before each leaching event. For 6 days thereafter, pot-holding capacities (PHC) for water were determined gravimetrically and were used as a surrogate for soil-moisture contents. Water tension curves were also measured on the biochar-treated and untreated Norfolk soil. Biochar surface area, surface tension, ash, C, and Si contents, in general, increased when produced under higher pyrolytic temperatures (>= 500 degrees C). Both switchgrass biochars caused the most significant water PHC improvements in the Norfolk, Declo, and Warden soils compared with the controls. Norfolk soil-water tension results at 5 and 60 kPa corroborated that biochar from switchgrass caused the most significant moisture storage improvements. Significant correlation occurred between the PHC for water with soil bulk densities. In general, biochar amendments enhanced the moisture storage capacity of Ultisols and Aridisols, but the effect varied with feedstock selection and pyrolysis temperature. C1 [Novak, Jeffrey M.; Busscher, Warren J.; Watts, Donald W.] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. [Amonette, James E.] US DOE, Chem & Mat Sci Div, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Ippolito, James A.] ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. [Lima, Isabel M.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. [Gaskin, Julia; Das, K. C.; Steiner, Christoph] Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Ahmedna, Mohamed; Rehrah, Djaafar] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Interdisciplinary Energy & Environm Program, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Schomberg, Harry] ARS, USDA, James P Campbell Nat Resources Res Ctr, Watkinsville, GA USA. RP Novak, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC USA. EM jeff.novak@ars.usda.gov OI Ahmedna, Mohamed/0000-0001-8727-4300; Steiner, Christoph/0000-0002-7950-1670 FU USDOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, under the ARS-GRACEnet; US Department of Energy (USDOE), Office of Fossil Energy; Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration Program; USDOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX This publication is based on work supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, under the ARS-GRACEnet project, and by the US Department of Energy (USDOE), Office of Fossil Energy, and Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration Program. The authors thank Sheeneka Green and Dean Evans for conducting laboratory analyses in Florence and Nicholas Schlekewey and Daniel Humphrys, who performed the MED tests in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL). The EMSL is a national scientific user facility sponsored by the USDOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated for the USDOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 52 TC 71 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 105 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 177 IS 5 BP 310 EP 320 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e31824e5593 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 936QF UT WOS:000303604400002 ER PT J AU Logsdon, SD AF Logsdon, Sally D. TI Temporal Variability of Bulk Density and Soil Water at Selected Field Sites SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Temporal; water table; bulk density ID AGGREGATE STABILITY; ORGANIC-MATTER; CENTRAL IOWA; TILLAGE; ELEVATION; PATTERNS; DYNAMICS; TERRAIN; MASS AB Soil bulk density is not a fixed property but varies spatially because of soil differences and temporally because of management and climate effects. The purposes of this study were to determine the relation of bulk density and water table depth with soil properties for wet and dry measurement dates and to compare the correlation of soil properties with mass and volumetric water content. Volumetric soil samples were collected at 15 or 16 field sites on 37 dates over 5 years. At the same time, water table depths were determined. The soil samples were used to determine volumetric and mass water contents and bulk densities. Other soil properties were used to develop orthogonal Principal Component 1 (PC1). The fractions of soil or landscape properties contributing to PC1 were as follows: sand, 0.40; silt, -0.38; clay, -0.39; color index, -0.38; distance above short-range low point, 0.35; distance above longer-range low point, 0.29; profile curvature, 0.27; and plane curvature, 0.34. Principal Component 1 was positively correlated with bulk density for 24 of 27 wet measurement dates, but only 4 of 10 dry dates. Volumetric soil-water content was negatively correlated with bulk density for 9 of the 10 dry dates, but only 19 of the 27 wet dates. Mass water content had slightly higher correlations with PC1 than did volumetric water content, but both were significantly correlated for 36 of the 37 measurement dates. Dividing measurement dates into "wet" and "dry" facilitated interpretation of bulk density variation at the 15 or 16 sample locations. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Logsdon, SD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sally.logsdon@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service FX This research was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service. The author reports no conflict of interest. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 16 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 177 IS 5 BP 327 EP 331 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e31824d8db1 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 936QF UT WOS:000303604400004 ER PT J AU Johnson, BG Johnson, DW Miller, WW Board, DI AF Johnson, Brittany G. Johnson, Dale W. Miller, Watkins W. Board, David I. TI The Effects of Ash Influx on Burned and Unburned Soil Water-Extractable Nutrients Using a Mechanical Vacuum Extractor SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ash influx; soil chemistry; slash pile burning; fire; water quality; vacuum extractor ID PRESCRIPTION FIRE; PRESCRIBED FIRE; FOREST SOILS; WILDFIRE; LOSSES; CARBON; LITTER; FLOOR AB A laboratory study was performed to test the effects of burning on soil solutions. Soils from beneath slash piles that had been burned as well as soils from unburned areas were amended with varying amounts of ash to create ratios of ash to soil ranging from pure ash to pure soil. Amended soils were then repeatedly extracted with deionized water. Results showed that a large quantity of nutrients, particularly potassium and NO3--N, were released from the ash into soil extractant. In most cases, nutrients from ash dominated the observed effects, but in the case of NH4+, burned soil was the main source. Calcium, Mg2+, and PO43--P showed signs of being more responsive to soil chemical processes (displacement of native soil ions, dissolution, adsorption, and precipitation) than to the ash influx. C1 [Johnson, Brittany G.; Johnson, Dale W.; Miller, Watkins W.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Board, David I.] US Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV USA. RP Johnson, BG (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Dept Earth & Ecosyst Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM bjohnson@dri.edu FU Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Natural Resources, University of Nevada, Reno FX This study was supported by the Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Natural Resources, University of Nevada, Reno. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 177 IS 5 BP 338 EP 344 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e31824c0348 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 936QF UT WOS:000303604400006 ER PT J AU White, ML Shaw, JN Raper, RL Rodekohr, D Wood, CW AF White, Michele L. Shaw, Joey N. Raper, Randy L. Rodekohr, Donn Wood, C. Wes TI A Multivariate Approach for High-Resolution Soil Survey Development SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Order 1 soil survey; ultisols; Coastal Plain; Kandiudults ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION; LANDSCAPE POSITION; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT ZONES; CLASSIFICATION; DELINEATION; TENNESSEE; FIELDS AB First-order soil surveys (scales >1:12,000) are essential for detailed land use assessment. Recently developed technologies depicting landscape variability at high resolution are useful for first-order survey development. Our objective was to compare a first-order soil survey created using conventional techniques versus a multivariate first-order survey developed using terrain attributes calculated from digital elevation models and electrical conductivity (EC) mapping. Two research sites (Macon [9 ha] and Dale [8 ha]) were located in the Coastal Plain physiographic region of Alabama, and first-order soil surveys (scale >1:12,000) were generated using conventional techniques. Soils are largely Aquic, Oxyaquic, and Typic Paleudults at the Macon site and Typic Kandiudults that differ in particle size family at the Dale site. Elevation data were collected using real-time kinematic global positioning system, terrain attributes were calculated, and field-scale EC data were collected. Three principal factors described 81% and 80% of the terrain and EC variability for the Macon and Dale sites, respectively, and fuzzy k-means clustering of principal factor scores was used to create multivariate zones. Random pedon sampling was used to compare techniques, and a rigid similar-dissimilar rule (one-class) was used for accuracy assessment. Probabilities of success (p) for observing the named soil within a map unit for the multivariate zone approach averaged 50% and 76% for the Macon and Dale sites, respectively, which was slightly less than the conventional approach. Estimated errors and confidence interval calculation indicate that for these Alabama Coastal Plain landscapes the overall accuracy of the two approaches was similar. C1 [White, Michele L.; Shaw, Joey N.; Rodekohr, Donn; Wood, C. Wes] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Raper, Randy L.] ARS, USDA, Booneville, AR USA. RP Shaw, JN (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, 202 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM shawjo1@auburn.edu NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 177 IS 5 BP 345 EP 354 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e31824e14d6 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 936QF UT WOS:000303604400007 ER PT J AU Radtke, PJ Herring, ND Loftis, DL Keyser, CE AF Radtke, Philip J. Herring, Nathan D. Loftis, David L. Keyser, Chad E. TI Evaluating Forest Vegetation Simulator Predictions for Southern Appalachian Upland Hardwoods with a Modified Mortality Model SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA); uncertainty assessment; model testing; validation; calibration ID COMPETITION INDEXES; INDIVIDUAL TREES; DIAMETER GROWTH; PROJECTIONS; INCREMENT; INVENTORY; VARIANCE; STANDS; PINE AB Prediction accuracy for projected basal area and trees per acre was assessed for the growth and yield model of the Forest Vegetation Simulator Southern Variant (FVS-Sn). Data for comparison with FVS-Sn predictions were compiled from a collection of n = 1,780 permanent inventory plots from mixed-species upland hardwood forests in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Over a 5-year projection interval, baseline FVS-Sn predictions fell within 15% of observed values in over 88% of the test plots. Several modifications to FVS-Sn were pursued, including a refitting of the background mortality equation by logistic regression. Following the modifications, FVS-Sn accuracy statistics increased to 91 and 94% for basal area and trees per acre, respectively. In plots with high initial stand densities, notable gains in accuracy were achieved by relaxing thresholds that activated a density-dependent mortality algorithm in FVS-Sn. Detailed accuracy results for forest types of the region were generated. Twenty-five-year projection results show size-density trajectories consistent with the concept of maximum stand density index. C1 [Radtke, Philip J.] Virginia Tech, Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Herring, Nathan D.] Amer Forest Management, Charlotte, NC 28273 USA. [Loftis, David L.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. [Keyser, Chad E.] US Forest Serv, Forest Management Serv Ctr, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. RP Radtke, PJ (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, 319E Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM pradtke@vt.edu RI Radtke, Philip/F-9899-2012; OI Radtke, Philip/0000-0002-8921-8406 FU US Forest Service, Southern Research Station [SRS 05-CA-11330134-251] FX This work was supported by Cooperative Agreement No. SRS 05-CA-11330134-251 of the US Forest Service, Southern Research Station. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 24 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 36 IS 2 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.5849/sjaf.10-017 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 941IW UT WOS:000303957900002 ER PT J AU Leary, DH Hervey, WJ Li, RW Deschamps, JR Kusterbeck, AW Vora, GJ AF Leary, Dagmar Hajkova Hervey, W. Judson Li, Robert W. Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Kusterbeck, Anne W. Vora, Gary J. TI Method Development for Metaproteomic Analyses of Marine Biofilms SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTEOMICS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; STATISTICAL-MODEL; GENE-EXPRESSION; SARGASSO SEA; PROTEINS; BACTERIA; IDENTIFICATIONS AB The large-scale identification and quantitation of proteins via nanoliquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) offers a unique opportunity to gain unprecedented insight into the microbial composition and biomolecular activity of true environmental samples. However, in order to realize this potential for marine biofilms, new methods of protein extraction must be developed as many compounds naturally present in biofilms are known to interfere with common proteomic manipulations and LC-MS/MS techniques. In this study, we used amino acid analyses (AAA) and LC-MS/MS to compare the efficacy of three sample preparation methods [6 M guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) protein extraction + in-solution digestion + 2D LC; sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) protein extraction + ID gel LC; phenol protein extraction + 1D gel LC] for the metaproteomic analyses of an environmental marine biofilm. The AAA demonstrated that proteins constitute 1.24% of the biofilm wet weight and that the compared methods varied in their protein extraction efficiencies (0.85-15.15%). Subsequent LC-MS/MS analyses revealed that the GuHCl method resulted in the greatest number of proteins identified by one or more peptides whereas the phenol method provided the greatest sequence coverage of identified proteins. As expected, metagenomic sequencing of the same biofilm sample enabled the creation of a searchable database that increased the number of protein identifications by 48.7% (>= 1 peptide) or 54.7% (>= 2 peptides) when compared to SwissProt database identifications. Taken together, our results provide methods and evidence based recommendations to consider for qualitative or quantitative biofilm metaproteome experimental design. C1 [Deschamps, Jeffrey R.; Kusterbeck, Anne W.; Vora, Gary J.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Leary, Dagmar Hajkova; Hervey, W. Judson] USN, Res Lab, Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Li, Robert W.] USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Vora, GJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Bldg 30,Code 6910, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gary.vora@nrl.navy.mil OI Vora, Gary/0000-0002-0657-8597; Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU Office of Naval Research via U.S. Naval Research Laboratory FX We would like to thank Dr. Zheng Wang for his bioinformatic contributions. D.H.L. and W.J.H. IV are National Research Council postdoctoral fellows. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research via U.S. Naval Research Laboratory core funds. The opinions and assertions contained herein are those of the authors and are not to be construed as those of the U.S. Navy, military service at large, or U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 84 IS 9 BP 4006 EP 4013 DI 10.1021/ac203315n PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 933GS UT WOS:000303349200021 PM 22468925 ER PT J AU Kurtzman, CP Robnett, CJ AF Kurtzman, Cletus P. Robnett, Christie J. TI Saitoella coloradoensis sp nov., a new species of the Ascomycota, subphylum Taphrinomycotina SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE New yeast; Saitoella; Taphrinomycotina ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; BASIDIOMYCETOUS YEASTS; ASCOMYCETOUS YEASTS; FUNGI; RHODOTORULA; TAXA AB Saitoella coloradoensis sp. nov. (NRRL YB-2330, CBS 12360, type strain, MycoBank accession number 563858) is described. This new member of the phylum Ascomycota, subphylum Taphrinomycotina was isolated from insect frass occurring in an Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) that was growing in Colorado, USA. Multigene sequence analysis showed that S. coloradoensis is distinct from Saitoella complicata, the only other known species of Saitoella. The two species may be separated phenotypically from growth reactions on d-xylose, ribitol and methyl-alpha-d-glucoside. Asexual reproduction is by budding and both species produce thick-walled, spherical cells that appear morphologically similar to the ascogenous cells formed in plant host tissue by species of Protomyces and some species of Taphrina. The thick-walled cells did not form ascospores but did produce buds when placed on fresh growth media. C1 [Kurtzman, Cletus P.; Robnett, Christie J.] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kurtzman, CP (reprint author), ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM cletus.kurtzman@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD MAY PY 2012 VL 101 IS 4 BP 795 EP 802 DI 10.1007/s10482-011-9694-7 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 933YG UT WOS:000303402400012 PM 22246589 ER PT J AU Kurtzman, CP AF Kurtzman, Cletus P. TI Komagataella populi sp nov and Komagataella ulmi sp nov., two new methanol assimilating yeasts from exudates of deciduous trees SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE New ascosporic yeasts; Methanol yeasts; Komagataella ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; PARTIAL SEQUENCES; SACCHAROMYCETACEAE; PSEUDOPASTORIS; SYSTEMATICS; PROPOSAL; COMPLEX; D1/D2; RDNA AB Two new species of the methanol assimilating ascosporic yeast genus Komagataella are described. Komagataella populi sp. nov. (NRRL YB-455, CBS 12362, type strain, MycoBank accession number = 564110) was isolated from an exudate on a cottonwood tree (Populus deltoides), Peoria, Illinois, USA, and Komagataella ulmi sp. nov. (NRRL YB-407, CBS 12361, type strain, MycoBank accession number = 564111) was isolated from the exudate on an elm tree (Ulmus americana), also growing in Peoria, Illinois. The species were resolved from divergence in gene sequences for domains D1/D2 LSU rRNA, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, mitochondrial small subunit rRNA, RNA polymerase subunit 1 and translation elongation factor-1 alpha. Species of Komagataella assimilate few carbon compounds and are unlikely to be resolved from differences in standard growth and fermentation tests. For this reason, separation of species is dependent on gene sequence analysis. C1 ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kurtzman, CP (reprint author), ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM cletus.kurtzman@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD MAY PY 2012 VL 101 IS 4 BP 859 EP 868 DI 10.1007/s10482-012-9702-6 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 933YG UT WOS:000303402400018 PM 22302468 ER PT J AU Schofield, DA Bull, CT Rubio, I Wechter, WP Westwater, C Molineux, IJ AF Schofield, David A. Bull, Carolee T. Rubio, Isael Wechter, W. Patrick Westwater, Caroline Molineux, Ian J. TI Development of an Engineered Bioluminescent Reporter Phage for Detection of Bacterial Blight of Crucifers SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYRINGAE PV.-ALISALENSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; 1ST REPORT; BACTERIOPHAGE A511LUXAB; RAPID DETECTION; SOUTH-CAROLINA; BROCCOLI RAAB; LEAF-SPOT; CALIFORNIA; IDENTIFICATION AB Bacterial blight, caused by the phytopathogen Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis, is an emerging disease afflicting important members of the Brassicaceae family. The disease is often misdiagnosed as pepper spot, a much less severe disease caused by the related pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola. We have developed a phage-based diagnostic that can both identify and detect the causative agent of bacterial blight and differentiate the two pathogens. A recombinant "light"-tagged reporter phage was generated by integrating bacterial luxAB genes encoding luciferase into the genome of P. cannabina pv. alisalensis phage PBSPCA1. The PBSPCA1::luxAB reporter phage is viable and stable and retains properties similar to those of the wildtype phage. PBSPCA1::luxAB rapidly and sensitively detects P. cannabina pv. alisalensis by conferring a bioluminescent signal response to cultured cells. Detection is dependent on cell viability. Other bacterial pathogens of Brassica species such as P. syringae pv. maculicola, Pseudomonas marginalis, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, and X. campestris pv. raphani either do not produce a response or produce significantly attenuated signals with the reporter phage. Importantly, the reporter phage detects P. cannabina pv. alisalensis on diseased plant specimens, indicating its potential for disease diagnosis. C1 [Schofield, David A.] Guild Associates Inc, Charleston, SC USA. [Bull, Carolee T.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Salinas, CA USA. [Rubio, Isael] Calif State Univ, Monterey, CA USA. [Wechter, W. Patrick] US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Westwater, Caroline] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Craniofacial Biol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Molineux, Ian J.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Cellular & Mol Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Schofield, DA (reprint author), Guild Associates Inc, Charleston, SC USA. EM dschofield@guildassociates.com FU National Science Foundation Small Business Innovative Research [1012059]; U.S. Department of Education; U.S. Department of Agriculture FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation Small Business Innovative Research (grant 1012059) and in part by the U.S. Department of Education and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 38 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 78 IS 10 BP 3592 EP 3598 DI 10.1128/AEM.00252-12 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 935WW UT WOS:000303553900009 PM 22427491 ER PT J AU Jonkers, W Estrada, AE Lee, K Breakspear, A May, G Kistler, HC AF Jonkers, Wilfried Rodriguez Estrada, Alma E. Lee, Keunsub Breakspear, Andrew May, Georgiana Kistler, H. Corby TI Metabolome and Transcriptome of the Interaction between Ustilago maydis and Fusarium verticillioides In Vitro SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE COMMUNITY; TOMATO CELLS; EXTRACELLULAR ALKALINIZATION; SUBNANOMOLAR CONCENTRATIONS; PLANT-PATHOGENS; GENE-CLUSTER; MAIZE; BIOSYNTHESIS; IDENTIFICATION; COLONIZATION AB The metabolome and transcriptome of the maize-infecting fungi Ustilago maydis and Fusarium verticillioides were analyzed as the two fungi interact. Both fungi were grown for 7 days in liquid medium alone or together in order to study how this interaction changes their metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles. When grown together, decreased biomass accumulation occurs for both fungi after an initial acceleration of growth compared to the biomass changes that occur when grown alone. The biomass of U. maydis declined most severely over time and may be attributed to the action of F. verticillioides, which secretes toxic secondary metabolites and expresses genes encoding adhesive and cell wall-degrading proteins at higher levels than when grown alone. U. maydis responds to cocultivation by expressing siderophore biosynthetic genes and more highly expresses genes potentially involved in toxin biosynthesis. Also, higher expression was noted for clustered genes encoding secreted proteins that are unique to U. maydis and that may play a role during colonization of maize. Conversely, decreased gene expression was seen for U. maydis genes encoding the synthesis of ustilagic acid, mannosylerythritol D, and another uncharacterized metabolite. Ultimately, U. maydis is unable to react efficiently to the toxic response of F. verticillioides and proportionally loses more biomass. This in vitro study clarifies potential mechanisms of antagonism between these two fungi that also may occur in the soil or in maize, niches for both fungi where they likely interact in nature. C1 [Jonkers, Wilfried; Breakspear, Andrew; Kistler, H. Corby] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Rodriguez Estrada, Alma E.; Lee, Keunsub; May, Georgiana] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kistler, H. Corby] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kistler, HC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM hckist@umn.edu FU National Science Foundation [EF-0723451] FX This research was funded by the National Science Foundation grant (EF-0723451) awarded to Georgiana May and H. Corby Kistler. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 54 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 78 IS 10 BP 3656 EP 3667 DI 10.1128/AEM.07841-11 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 935WW UT WOS:000303553900017 PM 22407693 ER PT J AU Higgins, J Stuber, T Quance, C Edwards, WH Tiller, RV Linfield, T Rhyan, J Berte, A Harris, B AF Higgins, James Stuber, Tod Quance, Christine Edwards, William H. Tiller, Rebekah V. Linfield, Tom Rhyan, Jack Berte, Angela Harris, Beth TI Molecular Epidemiology of Brucella abortus Isolates from Cattle, Elk, and Bison in the United States, 1998 to 2011 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREATER YELLOWSTONE ECOSYSTEM; TANDEM-REPEAT MARKERS; FREE-RANGING ELK; VACCINE STRAINS; NATIONAL-PARK; NUMBER; IDENTIFICATION; ASSAY; INFECTION; PCR AB A variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) protocol targeting 10 loci in the Brucella abortus genome was used to assess genetic diversity among 366 field isolates recovered from cattle, bison, and elk in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) and Texas during 1998 to 2011. Minimum spanning tree (MST) and unweighted-pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) analyses of VNTR data identified 237 different VNTR types, among which 14 prominent clusters of isolates could be identified. Cattle isolates from Texas segregated into three clusters: one comprised of field isolates from 1998 to 2005, one comprised of vaccination-associated infections, and one associated with an outbreak in Starr County in January 2011. An isolate obtained from a feral sow trapped on property adjacent to the Starr County herd in May 2011 clustered with the cattle isolates, suggesting a role for feral swine as B. abortus reservoirs in Starr County. Isolates from a 2005 cattle outbreak in Wyoming displayed VNTR-10 profiles matching those of strains recovered from Wyoming and Idaho elk. Additionally, isolates associated with cattle outbreaks in Idaho in 2002, Montana in 2008 and 2011, and Wyoming in 2010 primarily clustered with isolates recovered from GYA elk. This study indicates that elk play a predominant role in the transmission of B. abortus to cattle located in the GYA. C1 [Higgins, James; Stuber, Tod; Quance, Christine; Berte, Angela; Harris, Beth] USDA APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Mycobacteria & Brucella Sect, Ames, IA USA. [Edwards, William H.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Laramie, WY USA. [Tiller, Rebekah V.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Linfield, Tom] USDA APHIS Vet Serv, Helena, MT USA. [Rhyan, Jack] USDA APHIS Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Higgins, J (reprint author), USDA APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Mycobacteria & Brucella Sect, Ames, IA USA. EM James.A.Higgins@aphis.usda.gov NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 78 IS 10 BP 3674 EP 3684 DI 10.1128/AEM.00045-12 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 935WW UT WOS:000303553900019 PM 22427502 ER PT J AU Viator, RP Richard, EP AF Viator, Ryan P. Richard, Edward P., Jr. TI Sugar and energy cane date of planting effects on cane, sucrose, and fiber yields SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Optimal planting; Biomass crops; Cultural practices; Delayed planting; Stand establishment ID REGISTRATION; BIOMASS AB Energy cane is believed to have more vigor than sugar cane because energy cane contains a higher percentage of alleles from Saccharum spontaneum relative to Saccharum officinarum. Cane, sucrose, and fiber yields of three sugar cane varieties (HoCP 96-540, L 99-233, and L 99-226) and one energy cane variety (L 79-1002) were compared when planted on August 1, September 1, and October 1. varieties responded similarly (P = 0.08) to planting date. Averaged across varieties in plant cane, the August planting date produced 11.6 and 18.1 Mg ha (1) more sugar cane and 1600 and 2300 kg ha(-1) more sucrose than the September and October plantings, respectively. The August planting increased fiber yields by 2.4 Mg ha (-1) relative to the average of the September and October planting dates. Moreover, the September planting date produced 6.5 Mg ha(-1) more sugar cane and 700 kg ha(-1) more sucrose than the October planting date, but there were no differences between the fiber yields for the September and October planting dates. Our data suggest that growers should attempt to plant both sugar and energy cane in August to maximize yields. However, if plantings are delayed into September for both sugar and energy cane, it is best to plant sugar cane first, instead of energy cane, because sucrose yield continued to decline in October while fiber yields were consistent with September and October plantings. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Viator, Ryan P.; Richard, Edward P., Jr.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Viator, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, 5883 USDA Rd, Houma, LA 70360 USA. EM ryan.viator@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 40 BP 82 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.02.002 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 932LB UT WOS:000303291500009 ER PT J AU Hummer, KE Jamieson, AR Newell, RE AF Hummer, Kim E. Jamieson, Andrew R. Newell, Ruth E. TI Beyond botany to genetic resource preservation: the S.P. Vander Kloet Vaccinium collections SO BOTANY-BOTANIQUE LA English DT Review DE germplasm conservation; blueberry; genetics; genebanks; plant exploration ID ERICACEAE; L. AB Sam P. Vander Kloet, botanist, traveled the world examining and obtaining specimens to redefine infrageneric taxonomic units within Vaccinium L., family Ericaceae. Besides his botanical treatises, his legacy includes herbarium voucher specimens and ex situ genetic resource collections including a seed bank and living plant collections at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, Kentville, Nova Scotia, Canada; the K. C. Irving Environmental Science Centre and Harriet Irving Botanical Gardens, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada; the Canadian Clonal Genebank, Harrow, Ontario, Canada; and the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, Oregon, United States. Sam P. Vander Kloet's collections include representatives of wild Ericaceae with special emphasis on collections of North American and subtropical endemic Vaccinium species. These reference collections are significant and represent a lifetime of dedicated research. Representatives of his heritage collections have now been deposited not only in American genebanks (in Canada and the United States) but also in the World Genebank in Svalbard, Norway, for long term conservation and future evaluation of Vaccinium for the service of humanity. The bequest of his wild collected germplasm will continue to be available to facilitate utilization of an extended Vaccinium gene pool for development and breeding throughout the world. C1 [Hummer, Kim E.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Jamieson, Andrew R.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada. [Newell, Ruth E.] Acadia Univ, EC Smith Herbarium, KC Irving Environm Sci Ctr, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada. [Newell, Ruth E.] Acadia Univ, Harriet Irving Bot Gardens, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada. RP Hummer, KE (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Kim.Hummer@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Exchange Office [5358-21000-038-00D] FX We appreciate the support of the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Exchange Office, Grant for 2011 and for CRIS 5358-21000-038-00D for US germplasm maintenance support, and Acadia University and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada for Canadian germplasm maintenance support. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 20 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1916-2790 J9 BOTANY JI Botany PD MAY PY 2012 VL 90 IS 5 BP 337 EP 346 DI 10.1139/B11-102 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 935SD UT WOS:000303539600003 ER PT J AU Ehlenfeldt, MK Ballington, JR AF Ehlenfeldt, M. K. Ballington, J. R. TI Vaccinium species of section Hemimyrtillus: their value to cultivated blueberry and approaches to utilization SO BOTANY-BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE Vaccinium padifolium; Vaccinium cylindraceum; Vaccinium arctostaphylos; Vaccinium smallii; Vaccinium yakushimense; Vaccinium hirtum AB The primary gene pool of Vaccinium species used by breeders has traditionally been the North American Vaccinium species in section Cyanococcus. Blueberries in commercial production represent several Vaccinium species and ploidies. Moreover, significant use has been made of the secondary gene pool of Vaccinium, especially in the development of southern highbush cultivars. Section Hemimyrtillus represents species that are part of the tertiary gene pool of Vaccinium. Two species of section Hemimyrtillus, native to the Portuguese islands of Madeira (Vaccinium padifolium Smith) and the Azores (Vaccinium cylindraceum Smith), have features of notable value to conventional blueberry development such as upright structure, strong growth, abundant flowering and fruiting, good self-fertility, acceptable fruit quality, inflorescence structure suited to mechanical harvesting, and repeat flowering. Vaccinium cylindraceum is deciduous, whereas V. padifolium is evergreen. Vaccinium arctostaphylos L., a native of the Caucasus region, is closely allied to V. padifolium, hybridizes freely with it, and has many similar characters, but with the valuable addition of greater cold hardiness. Initial progress has been made at incorporating these species into forms compatible with Vaccinium corymbosum L. based blueberry cultivars, and further evaluations are being made of both parental material and the derived hybrids. C1 [Ehlenfeldt, M. K.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Philip E Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res &, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. [Ballington, J. R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Ehlenfeldt, MK (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Philip E Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res &, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. EM Mark.Ehlenfeldt@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1916-2790 J9 BOTANY JI Botany PD MAY PY 2012 VL 90 IS 5 BP 347 EP 353 DI 10.1139/B2012-010 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 935SD UT WOS:000303539600004 ER PT J AU Bell, DJ Drummond, FA Rowland, LJ AF Bell, Daniel J. Drummond, Frank A. Rowland, Lisa J. TI Evidence of functional gender polymorphisms in a population of the hermaphroditic lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) SO BOTANY-BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE fertility; ovules; pollen viability; hermaphrodite; functional gender; breeding system ID SEXUAL STRATEGIES; GYNODIOECIOUS ANGIOSPERMS; MATERNAL INVESTMENT; PLANTS; EVOLUTION; DIOECY; POLLEN; FERTILITY; SYSTEMS AB Lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton) is a wild, but cultivated for profit, agricultural system grown primarily in the northeastern regions of North America. It has been suggested that a functional gender specialization may be occurring in this hermaphroditic species in which some individuals (termed clones) effectively function as bearers (high ovule production but little or nonviable pollen) or as pollen donors (low ovule number with high quantities of viable pollen). The purpose of this study was to investigate if functional gender specialization was occurring in a randomly chosen population of 56 clones from the Blueberry Hill Research Farm in Jonesboro, Maine. For each clone, the mean number of ovules and the mean number of viable microspores per flower were determined. From this, functional gender was calculated. Five out of 56 clones, or approximately 10% of clones, were found to be functioning primarily as females, owing to their low levels of viable pollen. Thus, some evidence was found of a functional gender specialization occurring-the presence of a few plants that were nearly male-sterile. Since the most common evolutionary pathway to gynodioecy involves the invasion of male steriles, it is interesting to speculate that a trend towards gender dimorphism could be occurring in lowbush blueberry. C1 [Bell, Daniel J.; Rowland, Lisa J.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Drummond, Frank A.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04473 USA. RP Rowland, LJ (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Bldg 010A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Jeannine.Rowland@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 27 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1916-2790 J9 BOTANY JI Botany PD MAY PY 2012 VL 90 IS 5 BP 393 EP 399 DI 10.1139/B11-064 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 935SD UT WOS:000303539600009 ER PT J AU Reeves, DA Reeves, MC Abbott, AM Page-Dumroese, DS Coleman, MD AF Reeves, Derrick A. Reeves, Matthew C. Abbott, Ann M. Page-Dumroese, Deborah S. Coleman, Mark D. TI A detrimental soil disturbance prediction model for ground-based timber harvesting SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SKID TRAILS; FOREST; COMPACTION; PRODUCTIVITY; MANAGEMENT; GROWTH; STATES AB Soil properties and forest productivity can be affected during ground-based harvest operations and site preparation. The degree of impact varies widely depending on topographic features and soil properties. Forest managers who understand site-specific limits to ground-based harvesting can alter harvest method or season to limit soil disturbance. To determine the potential areal extent of detrimental (potentially plant growth limiting) soil disturbance based on site characteristics and season of harvest, we developed a predictive model based on soil monitoring data collected from 167 ground-based harvest units. Data collected included dominant site parameters (e. g., slope, aspect, soil texture, and landtype), harvest season, harvest type (intermediate or regeneration), and the machine(s) used during ground-based harvest operations. Aspect (p = 0.0217), slope (p = 0.0738), landtype (p = 0.0002), and the interaction of harvest season x landtype (p = 0.0002) were the key variables controlling the areal extent and magnitude of detrimental soil disturbance. For example, harvesting during non-winter months on gently rolling topography resulted in greater soil disturbance than similar harvest operations on landscapes that are highly dissected. This is likely due to the ease with which equipment can move off designated trails. A geospatially explicit predictive model was developed using general linear model variables found to significantly influence the areal extent of detrimental soil disturbance on nine defined landtypes. This tool provides a framework that, with local calibration, can be used on other forest lands as a decision support tool to geospatially depict landtypes susceptible to detrimental soil disturbance during ground-based harvest operations. C1 [Abbott, Ann M.; Page-Dumroese, Deborah S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Reeves, Derrick A.; Coleman, Mark D.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Reeves, Matthew C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Page-Dumroese, DS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM ddumroese@fs.fed.us RI Coleman, Mark/A-6741-2013 FU Northern Region of the USDA Forest Service [05-PA-11015600-051]; John Gier; Forest Soil Scientist; Kootenai National Forest; Louis Kuennen; Regional Climatologist, High Plains Regional Climate Center FX We would like to acknowledge the Northern Region of the USDA Forest Service for funding this project (Agreement No. 05-PA-11015600-051, modification No. 3). The authors also acknowledge the support of John Gier, Forest Soil Scientist, Kootenai National Forest, Louis Kuennen, Forest Soil Scientist, Kootenai National Forest (retired), and Natalie Umphlett, Regional Climatologist, High Plains Regional Climate Center. We are also grateful to the two anonymous reviewers who provided constructive comments for our revision. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 42 IS 5 BP 821 EP 830 DI 10.1139/X2012-034 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 934HP UT WOS:000303435200001 ER PT J AU Saielli, TM Schaberg, PG Hawley, GJ Halman, JM Gurney, KM AF Saielli, Thomas M. Schaberg, Paul G. Hawley, Gary J. Halman, Joshua M. Gurney, Kendra M. TI Nut cold hardiness as a factor influencing the restoration of American chestnut in northern latitudes and high elevations SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CASTANEA-DENTATA; BLIGHT; HYPOVIRULENCE; TOLERANCE; QUALITY; RANK AB American chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.) was functionally removed as a forest tree by chestnut blight (caused by the fungal pathogen Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr). Hybrid-backcross breeding between blight-resistant Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) and American chestnut is used to support species restoration. However, preliminary evidence suggests that backcross material may not have the cold hardiness needed for restoration in the northern portions of the species' range. The cold tolerance of nuts is of concern because reproductive tissues are particularly sensitive to freezing damage. We assessed nut cold tolerance for 16 American chestnut, four Chinese chestnut, and four red oak (Quercus rubra L.) (a native competitor) sources to better assess genetic variation in nut hardiness. We found that Chinese chestnut nuts were less cold tolerant than American chestnut and red oak nuts and that American chestnut sources from the south were less cold tolerant than sources from the north, with significant differences among sources within all regions. We also assessed how sources varied among temperature zones (sources separated by average winter temperature lows at source locations). Sources from the cold temperature zone were more cold tolerant and less variable in hardiness than sources from warm and moderate zones. C1 [Schaberg, Paul G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Saielli, Thomas M.; Hawley, Gary J.; Halman, Joshua M.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Gurney, Kendra M.] Amer Chestnut Fdn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP Schaberg, PG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM pschaberg@fs.fed.us FU Northeastern States Research Cooperative; US Department of Agriculture CSREES; US Department of Agriculture Forest Service FX We are grateful to Chris Hansen for his assistance in the laboratory and the staff and volunteers with The American Chestnut Foundation for collecting and sending many of the nuts used in these experiments. We also thank Drs. Kimberly Wallin, Timothy Perkins, Brett Huggett, Brian Keel, and Kevin Smith for their helpful suggestions regarding earlier drafts of this manuscript. This research was supported in part by funds provided by the Northeastern States Research Cooperative, the US Department of Agriculture CSREES McIntire-Stennis Forest Research Program, and the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 42 IS 5 BP 849 EP 857 DI 10.1139/X2012-033 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 934HP UT WOS:000303435200004 ER PT J AU Linn, R Anderson, K Winterkamp, J Brooks, A Wotton, M Dupuy, JL Pimont, F Edminster, C AF Linn, Rodman Anderson, Kerry Winterkamp, Judith Brooks, Alyssa Wotton, Michael Dupuy, Jean-Luc Pimont, Francois Edminster, Carleton TI Incorporating field wind data into FIRETEC simulations of the International Crown Fire Modeling Experiment (ICFME): preliminary lessons learned SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID BLACK SPRUCE FOREST; ATMOSPHERE; RADIATION; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR; POWER AB Field experiments are one way to develop or validate wildland fire-behavior models. It is important to consider the implications of assumptions relating to the locality of measurements with respect to the fire, the temporal frequency of the measured data, and the changes to local winds that might be caused by the experimental configuration. Twenty FIRETEC simulations of International Crown Fire Modeling Experiment (ICFME) plot 1 and plot 6 fires were performed using horizontally homogenized fuels. These simulations enable exploration of the sensitivity of model results to specific aspects of the interpretation and use of the locally measured wind data from this experiment. By shifting ignition times with respect to dynamic measured tower wind data by up to 2 min, FIRETEC simulations are used to examine possible ramifications of treating the measured tower winds as if they were precisely the same as those present at the location of the fire, as well as possible implications of temporal averaging of winds or undersampling. Model results suggest that careful consideration should be paid to the relative time scales of the wind fluctuations, duration of the fires, and data collection rates when using experimentally derived winds as inputs for fire models. C1 [Linn, Rodman; Winterkamp, Judith; Brooks, Alyssa] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Anderson, Kerry] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, No Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB T5N 2C5, Canada. [Wotton, Michael] Univ Toronto, Fac Forestry, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Toronto, ON M5S 3B3, Canada. [Dupuy, Jean-Luc; Pimont, Francois] INRA, Unite Rech Forestieres Mediterraneennes, Equipe Prevent Incendies Foret, UR629, F-84914 Avignon, France. [Edminster, Carleton] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Linn, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rrl@lanl.gov FU USDA Forest Service Washington Office; Rocky Mountain Research Station FX The Los Alamos National Laboratory Institutional Computing Program provided critical computing resources for this work. Financial support for this work was provided by the National Fire Plan through the USDA Forest Service Washington Office and Rocky Mountain Research Station. Marty Alexander provided considerable assistance in reviewing the data collected for the ICFME experiments and answering questions concerning its interpretation. Jim Gould also provided insight and additional perspective through detailed discussions concerning some of the ICFME FIRETEC model results. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 42 IS 5 BP 879 EP 898 DI 10.1139/X2012-038 PG 20 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 934HP UT WOS:000303435200007 ER PT J AU Aakala, T Fraver, S Palik, BJ D'Amato, AW AF Aakala, Tuomas Fraver, Shawn Palik, Brian J. D'Amato, Anthony W. TI Spatially random mortality in old-growth red pine forests of northern Minnesota SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID ARMILLARIA ROOT DISEASE; POINT PATTERNS; DYNAMICS; STAND; TREES; DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEMS; SUCCESSION; HYPOTHESIS; ECOLOGY AB Characterizing the spatial distribution of tree mortality is critical to understanding forest dynamics, but empirical studies on these patterns under old-growth conditions are rare. This rarity is due in part to low mortality rates in old-growth forests, the study of which necessitates long observation periods, and the confounding influence of tree in-growth during such time spans. Here, we studied mortality of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) in five old-growth stands in Minnesota, USA, demonstrating the use of preexisting information of cohort age structures to account for in-growth after the most recent cohort establishment. Analyses of spatial point patterns, using both Ripley's K-function and the pair correlation function, showed that tree mortality was essentially a random process, without evidence of contagious mortality patterns that are often expected for old-growth forests. Our analyses further demonstrated in practice that the distribution of dead trees may differ from that of the tree mortality events, which are constrained to occur within the initial distribution, and how mortality patterns can shape the spatial distribution of mature living trees, often attributed to aggregated regeneration patterns. These findings emphasize the need to disentangle the influence of the initial distribution of trees from that of actual tree mortality events. C1 [Aakala, Tuomas; D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Fraver, Shawn; Palik, Brian J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Aakala, T (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, POB 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM tuomas.aakala@helsinki.fi OI Aakala, Tuomas/0000-0003-0160-6410 FU USDA Forest Service and Northern Research Station; Finnish Cultural Foundation FX Support was provided by the USDA Forest Service National Fire Plan and Northern Research Station and by the Finnish Cultural Foundation. Comments by the Associate Editor and two anonymous reviewers helped in improving an earlier version of this paper. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 28 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 42 IS 5 BP 899 EP 907 DI 10.1139/X2012-044 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 934HP UT WOS:000303435200008 ER PT J AU Dandawate, S Williams, L Joshee, N Rimando, AM Mittal, S Thakur, A Lum, LG Parajuli, P AF Dandawate, Sagar Williams, Linford Joshee, Nirmal Rimando, Agnes M. Mittal, Sandeep Thakur, Archana Lum, Lawrence G. Parajuli, Prahlad TI Scutellaria extract and wogonin inhibit tumor-mediated induction of T-reg cells via inhibition of TGF-beta 1 activity SO CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE Scutellaria; Flavonoids; Wogonin; TGF-beta; Regulatory T cells; Glioma ID GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; TGF-BETA; ANTITUMOR IMMUNITY; BREAST-CANCER; MALIGNANT GLIOMA; DNA VACCINATION; IFN-GAMMA; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; MECHANISMS; RESPONSES AB A number of studies have implicated tumor-induced T-reg cell activity in the sub-optimal response to therapeutic vaccines. Development of neo-adjuvant strategies targeting T-reg cells is therefore imperative. Scutellaria extracts or constituent flavonoids have shown encouraging efficacy against various tumors, including gliomas, in both pre-clinical and clinical studies. We report here, for the first time, that Scutellaria ocmulgee leaf extract (SocL) and flavonoid wogonin could inhibit TGF-beta 1-induced T-reg activity in malignant gliomas. F344 rats, subcutaneously transplanted with F98 gliomas, were treated with SocL. There was a significant inhibition of intra-tumoral TGF-beta 1 and T-reg cell frequency as well as peripheral blood TGF-beta 1 levels in SocL-treated animals compared to the controls. SocL extract and wogonin also inhibited glioma-induced, TGF-beta 1-mediated T-reg activity in vitro. SocL extract and wogonin also inhibited the secretion of IL-10 in T-reg culture; whereas the level of IL-2 was either unchanged or marginally enhanced. We also observed an inhibition of Smad-3, GSK-3 beta and ERK1/2 signaling by SocL and wogonin in T-reg cells, while phosphorylation of P38 MAPK was considerably enhanced, indicating that SocL or wogonin could inhibit the T cells' response to TGF-beta 1 via modulation of both Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways. Overall, this study suggests that Scutellaria can potentially reverse tumor-mediated immune suppression via inhibition of TGF-beta 1 secretion as well as via inhibition of T cells' response to TGF-beta 1. This may provide an opportunity for developing a novel adjuvant therapeutic strategy for malignant gliomas, combining Scutellaria with immunotherapy and chemo/radio-therapeutic regimen, which could potentially improve the disease outcome. C1 [Dandawate, Sagar; Williams, Linford; Mittal, Sandeep; Parajuli, Prahlad] Wayne State Univ, Dept Neurosurg, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Joshee, Nirmal] Ft Valley State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Ft Valley, GA USA. [Rimando, Agnes M.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS USA. [Thakur, Archana; Lum, Lawrence G.] Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Dept Oncol Med & Immunol & Microbiol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. RP Parajuli, P (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Neurosurg, 550 E Canfield,Lande Bldg 460, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. EM dandawatesagar09@gmail.com; linfwill@gmail.com; josheen@fvsu.edu; Agnes.Rimando@ARS.USDA.GOV; smittal@med.wayne.edu; thakur@karmanos.org; luml@karmanos.org; pparajuli@med.wayne.edu FU USDA-NIFA [GEOX-2008-02989]; Fund for Medical Research and Education (FMRE); NIH [P30CA22453]; Wayne State University; Perinatology Research Branch of the National Institutes of Child Health and Development, Wayne State University FX We acknowledge research support from the USDA-NIFA (GEOX-2008-02989) and Fund for Medical Research and Education (FMRE). The Microscopy, Imaging and Cytometry Resources Core is supported, in part, by NIH Center grant P30CA22453 to The Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University and the Perinatology Research Branch of the National Institutes of Child Health and Development, Wayne State University. We are grateful to Dr. Larry Tait for the invaluable help with fluorescent IHC. We are thankful to Dr. Indrajit Sinha for his critical evaluation of the manuscript and also for his help with the preparation of the Figures. NR 57 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-7004 J9 CANCER IMMUNOL IMMUN JI Cancer Immunol. Immunother. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 61 IS 5 BP 701 EP 711 DI 10.1007/s00262-011-1130-3 PG 11 WC Oncology; Immunology SC Oncology; Immunology GA 935HL UT WOS:000303509600009 PM 22057676 ER PT J AU Lauer, JG Bijl, CG Grusak, MA Baenziger, PS Boote, K Lingle, S Carter, T Kaeppler, S Boerma, R Eizenga, G Carter, P Goodman, M Nafziger, E Kidwell, K Mitchell, R Edgerton, MD Quesenberry, K Willcox, MC AF Lauer, Joseph G. Bijl, Caron Gala Grusak, Michael A. Baenziger, P. Stephen Boote, Ken Lingle, Sarah Carter, Thomas Kaeppler, Shawn Boerma, Roger Eizenga, Georgia Carter, Paul Goodman, Major Nafziger, Emerson Kidwell, Kimberlee Mitchell, Rob Edgerton, Michael D. Quesenberry, Ken Willcox, Martha C. TI The Scientific Grand Challenges of the 21st Century for the Crop Science Society of America SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Crop science is a highly integrative science employing expertise from multiple disciplines to broaden our understanding of agronomic, turf, and forage crops. A major goal of crop science is to ensure an adequate and sustainable production of food, feed, fuel, and fiber for our world's growing population. The Crop Science Society of America (CSSA) identified key Grand Challenges which, when addressed, will provide the tools, technologies, and solutions required to meet these challenges. The Grand Challenges are: (i) Crop adaptation to climate change: Increase the speed with which agriculture can adapt to climate change by using crop science to address abiotic stresses such as drought and heat. (ii) Resistance to biotic stresses: Increase durability of resistance to biotic stresses that threaten yield and quality of major crops. (iii) Management for resource limited systems: Create novel crop cultivars and management approaches designed for problem soils and low-input farming to increase economic prosperity for farmers and overcome world hunger. (iv) Crop management systems: Create novel crop management systems that are resilient in the face of changes in climate and rural demographics. (v) Biofuels: Develop sustainable biofuel feedstock cropping systems that require minimal land area, optimize production, and improve the environment. (vi) Bioresources: Genotyping the major crop germplasm collections to facilitate identification of gene treasures for breeding and genetics research and deployment of superior genes into adapted germplasm around the globe. These challenges are intended to be dynamic and change as societal needs evolve. Available funding and national prioritization C1 [Lauer, Joseph G.; Kaeppler, Shawn] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bijl, Caron Gala] CSSA, ASA, Washington, DC 20002 USA. [Bijl, Caron Gala] SSSA Sci Policy Off, Washington, DC 20002 USA. [Grusak, Michael A.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med,Dep Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Baenziger, P. Stephen] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Boote, Ken] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Lingle, Sarah] ARS, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Carter, Thomas] ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Boerma, Roger] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Eizenga, Georgia] ARS, USDA, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Carter, Paul] Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. [Goodman, Major] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Nafziger, Emerson] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kidwell, Kimberlee] Washington State Univ, Coll Agr Human & Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Mitchell, Rob] ARS, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Edgerton, Michael D.] Monsanto Co, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. [Quesenberry, Ken] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Willcox, Martha C.] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Lauer, JG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jglauer@wisc.edu RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014; OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954; Boote, Kenneth/0000-0002-1358-5496; Kaeppler, Shawn/0000-0002-5964-1668 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 30 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 52 IS 3 BP 1003 EP 1010 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.07.0392 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 933MX UT WOS:000303367300002 ER PT J AU Porter, LD AF Porter, Lyndon D. TI Pea Germplasm with Partial Resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Extends the Time Required by the Pathogen to Infect Host Tissue SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB White mold, caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, can be a serious disease in pea (Pisum sativum L.). Currently there are no pea genotypes with complete resistance to this pathogen. The objective of this research was to identify pea germplasm with partial resistance to S. sclerotiorum, focusing on initial infection and severity as influenced by environment. Selected pea genotypes from the USDA-ARS Pisum core collection and two cultivars were assessed for the time required by S. sclerotiorum to severely infect these genotypes at all combinations of five temperatures (15.6, 18.3, 21.1, 23.9, and 29.4 degrees C) and four periods of high relative humidity (PHRH) (12, 24, 48, and 72 h) under controlled environmental conditions. Severe infection is defined as the death of all plant tissue above a stem inoculation point, preventing reproduction. The commercial genotypes 'Bolero' and '1204-3' did not prevent severe infection at any temperature x PHRH combination. However, pea genotypes PI 164972, PI 169603, PI 197044, PI 240515, PI 270536, and PI 280611 prevented severe infection at 15.6, 18.3, 29.4, and either 21.1 or 23.9 degrees C following a 12 h PHRH in repeated trials. Plant Introduction 164972, PI 169603, and PI 280611 also prevented severe infection following a 24 h PHRH but only at 29.4 degrees C. Severe infection occurred for all genotypes after a 48 or 72 h PHRH at all temperatures tested. Plant Introduction 169603 and PI 240515 are recommended to pea breeders as the best germplasm to extend the time required for serious infection by S. sclerotiorum. C1 ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA USA. RP Porter, LD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA USA. EM lyndon.porter@ars.usda.gov FU National Sclerotinia Initiative of the USDA-ARS FX The author thanks the National Sclerotinia Initiative of the USDA-ARS for funding this research and Dr. Clare Coyne and personnel at the USDA WRPIS for providing the seed for this research project. The author also thanks Virginia A. Coffman and Andrea De Vries for their technical help in completing this research. Finally, the author would like to thank Dr. Marc Evans, Professor of Statistics, at Washington State University for his assistance with the statistical analyses. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 52 IS 3 BP 1044 EP 1050 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.09.0479 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 933MX UT WOS:000303367300006 ER PT J AU Kumar, P Singh, R Lubbers, EL Shen, XL Paterson, AH Campbell, BT Jones, DC Chee, PW AF Kumar, Pawan Singh, Rippy Lubbers, Edward L. Shen, Xinlian Paterson, Andrew H. Campbell, B. Todd Jones, Donald C. Chee, Peng W. TI Mapping and Validation of Fiber Strength Quantitative Trait Loci on Chromosome 24 in Upland Cotton SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; GOSSYPIUM-BARBADENSE COTTON; BACKCROSS-SELF APPROACH; MOLECULAR DISSECTION; LINKAGE MAP; MAJOR QTL; QUALITY; LINES; ENVIRONMENT; HIRSUTUM AB A major fiber strength quantitative trait locus (QTL) has been identified on chromosome 24 in the Chinese germplasm line 'Suyuan 7235'; however, the effects of this QTL have not been tested in different genetic backgrounds. In this study, we confirmed the effects of this QTL by crossing Suyuan 7235 with two U.S. germplasm lines with different fiber strength. This OIL was consistently expressed over generations and years in both populations. The Suyuan 7235 allele explained up to 40% of the total phenotypic variation and accounted for an increase of up to 22.8 kN m kg(-1). The effects on fiber strength appear to be greater in Suyuan 7235 x 'Sealand 883' (Pop-883) than in Suyuan 7235 x 'Sealand 542' (Pop-542) despite the Sealand 883 parent having stronger fiber than the Sealand 542 parent. Deoxyribonucleic acid fingerprinting on a collection of elite cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lines indicated that this QTL is not present in a survey of elite U.S. public germplasm. These results indicate that this fiber strength QTL could significantly improve the economic value of Upland cottons in the United States. The identification of 27 novel markers tightly linked in this region adds additional tools to allow this QTL to be more efficiently deployed in breeding cultivars with improved fiber strength. C1 [Kumar, Pawan; Singh, Rippy; Lubbers, Edward L.; Shen, Xinlian; Chee, Peng W.] Univ Georgia, Cotton Mol Breeding Lab, Tifton, GA USA. [Paterson, Andrew H.] Univ Georgia, Plant Genome Mapping Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Campbell, B. Todd] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. [Jones, Donald C.] Cotton Inc, Cary, NC USA. RP Chee, PW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Cotton Mol Breeding Lab, Tifton, GA USA. EM pwchee@uga.edu FU UGA-Research Foundation; Georgia Cotton Commission and Cotton Incorporated FX We thank Jennifer McCurdy for technical assistance and Cotton Incorporated Fiber Testing Laboratory for providing the high volume instrument data and gratefully acknowledge the partial financial support from the UGA-Research Foundation, Georgia Cotton Commission and Cotton Incorporated. NR 44 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 13 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 52 IS 3 BP 1115 EP 1122 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.09.0524 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 933MX UT WOS:000303367300014 ER PT J AU Maxwell, JJ Lyerly, JH Srnic, G Murphy, JP Cowger, C Parks, R Marshall, D Brown-Guedira, G Miranda, L AF Maxwell, J. J. Lyerly, J. H. Srnic, G. Murphy, J. P. Cowger, C. Parks, R. Marshall, D. Brown-Guedira, G. Miranda, L. TI MlNCD1: A Novel Aegilops tauschii-Derived Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene Identified in Common Wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; RED WINTER-WHEAT; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; BREAD WHEAT; LEAF RUST; FOLIAR DISEASES; NORTH-CAROLINA; YIELD; LR34/YR18; MARKERS AB Powdery mildew is a major fungal disease in wheat, especially in cool maritime climates. A novel Aegilops tauschii Coss.-derived wheat powdery mildew resistance gene present in the germplasm line NC96BGTD1 was genetically characterized as a monogenic trait in field trials using F-2- and F-4-derived lines from a NC96BGTD1 x 'Saluda' cross. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to map and tag the resistance gene present in NC96BGTD1. Two dominant SSR markers flanking the resistance gene were identified. Xgwm635 mapped 5.5 and 8.3 cM distal to the resistance gene in the F-2 and F-4 generations, respectively. Xgpw328 mapped 16.2 cM proximal to the resistance gene in the F-2 and 13.6 cM proximal to the resistance gene in the F-4 generation. These SSR markers were previously mapped to the short arm of chromosome 7D and their positions were confirmed using Chinese Spring aneuploid and deletion stocks. Significant segregation distortion was observed in the F-4 generation with markers distal to the resistance gene showing a preference for the A. tauschii alleles while markers proximal to the resistance gene showed less significant preference for Saluda alleles. Only the adult plant resistance gene Pm38 has been mapped to the short arm of chromosome 7D but to a more proximal position than the gene in NC96BGTD1. The resistance gene described herein should be temporarily designated MINCD1. C1 [Miranda, L.] ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Maxwell, J. J.] Monsanto Co, Independence, IA 50644 USA. [Srnic, G.] Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Plain City, OH 43064 USA. [Cowger, C.; Parks, R.; Marshall, D.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Brown-Guedira, G.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Miranda, L (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM Lilian.Miranda@ars.usda.gov FU North Carolina Small Grain Growers Association FX We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Bob McIntosh for some excellent additions and suggestions on the final draft of the manuscript. This research was supported by the North Carolina Small Grain Growers Association. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 52 IS 3 BP 1162 EP 1170 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.11.0582 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 933MX UT WOS:000303367300020 ER PT J AU Zhang, XH Bai, GH Bockus, W Ji, XJ Pan, HY AF Zhang, Xianghui Bai, Guihua Bockus, Willium Ji, Xiaojia Pan, Hongyu TI Quantitative Trait Loci for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in U.S. Hard Winter Wheat Cultivar Heyne SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINANT INBRED POPULATION; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; SPRING WHEAT; SCAB RESISTANCE; TETRAPLOID WHEAT; QTL ANALYSIS; SSR MARKERS; MICROSATELLITE; INHERITANCE; IDENTIFICATION AB Fusarium head blight (FHB), mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, is a destructive disease that can significantly reduce grain yield and quality. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for FHB type II resistance have been identified in many Chinese cultivars and other sources but have not been reported in U.S. hard winter wheat (HWW) (Triticum aestivum L.) to date. 'Heyne' is a Kansas HWW with moderate type II resistance to FHB. In this study, recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from 'Trego' x Heyne were evaluated for FHB resistance by single-floret inoculation in two field and three greenhouse experiments from 2009 to 2011. Percentage of symptomatic spikelets (PSS) in an inoculated spike was scored 18 d (in the greenhouse) and 21 d (in the field) postinoculation. A total of 209 polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were used to screen the RILs. Three major QTL on chromosomes 3AS, 4DL, and 4AL were associated with FHB resistance. The QTL on 3AS was flanked by Xgwm5 and Xwmc428 and explained up to 17.9% of phenotypic variation. Another QTL on 4DL near Xwmc720 explained 13.8 to 23.4% of phenotypic variation. The third QTL on 4AL was flanked by Xwmc219 and Xgwm160 and explained up to 18.1% of the phenotypic variation. Heyne contributed all resistance alleles of three QTL, and these QTL were designated as Qfhb.hwwg-3AS, Qfhb.hwwg-4DL, and Qfhb.hwwg-4AL. These QTL can be used for improving FHB resistance in U.S. HWW by pyramiding them with Fhb1 or other major resistance QTL from Asian sources. C1 [Zhang, Xianghui; Bai, Guihua; Ji, Xiaojia] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bai, Guihua] ARS, USDA, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Zhang, Xianghui; Pan, Hongyu] Jilin Univ, Coll Plant Sci, Changchun 130062, Jilin, Peoples R China. [Bockus, Willium] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM guihua.bai@ars.usda.gov; panhongyu@jlu.edu.cn FU National Research Initiative from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2011-68002-30029]; USDA Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative; China Scholarship Council FX This project was partially supported by the National Research Initiative Competitive Grants CAP project 2011-68002-30029 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture and USDA Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. This is contribution No. 11-220-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, KS. China Scholarship Council funded First author. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 52 IS 3 BP 1187 EP 1194 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.08.0418 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 933MX UT WOS:000303367300024 ER PT J AU Brown, RH Dahleen, L Bregitzer, P AF Brown, Ryan H. Dahleen, Lynn Bregitzer, Phil TI An Efficient Method for Flanking Sequence Isolation in Barley SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENOME; DNA; PCR AB A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based adapter ligation method was developed to determine native barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) sequences flanking Dissociation (Ds) insertions and barley expressed sequence tags (ESTs). This method is simple and efficient, with the majority (similar to 70%) of queries returning valid sequence information. The success of this method can be traced to experimental protocols that control sample cross contamination and that segregate specific products from nonspecific products. This report describes the protocol in detail, quantifies its efficiency to enable comparisons to future modifications, and discusses specific problems that may be addressed to enable further improvements to this method. C1 [Brown, Ryan H.; Bregitzer, Phil] ARS, USDA, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Dahleen, Lynn] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Bregitzer, P (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM phil.bregitzer@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service, USDA [5366-21000-028-00, 54421000-035] FX The authors thank Matt Nagel for expert technical assistance. This research was supported by the Agricultural Research Service, USDA, projects 5366-21000-028-00 and 54421000-035. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 52 IS 3 BP 1229 EP 1234 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.10.0560 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 933MX UT WOS:000303367300028 ER PT J AU Grantz, DA Vu, HB Tew, TL Veremis, JC AF Grantz, D. A. Vu, H. -B. Tew, T. L. Veremis, J. C. TI Sensitivity of Gas Exchange Parameters to Ozone in Diverse C-4 Sugarcane Hybrids SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY; PLANT FLAVERIA BIDENTIS; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; ZEA-MAYS L.; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ENZYMES; PIMA COTTON; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; MAIZE LEAF; CO2 UPTAKE; LEAVES AB In early studies, C-4 species exhibited greater tolerance to O-3 than O-3 species. But a C-4 Saccharum spp. hybrid (sugarcane, cv. Elephant Cane) exhibited high sensitivity to O-3. To investigate whether Saccharum is uniquely sensitive to O-3 we exposed a morphologically diverse set of congeners to a range of O-3. Here we test the null hypothesis that these diverse genotypes do not differ in baseline responses of carbon assimilation to intercellular CO2 or in the sensitivity of these responses to elevated O-3 (4, 58, and 114 nmol mol(-1), 12 h means). Elephant Cane was most sensitive but all exhibited declines in net carbon assimilation (A(n)) and in capacities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) and rubisco. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase was more sensitive than rubisco. The clones were distinguished by morphological traits and by estimated fraction of Saccharum spontaneum L. in their lineages. Baseline values of photosynthetic parameters were not consistently related to pedigree while morphology and sensitivity to O-3 exhibited strong relationships. These results are not consistent with a generalized resistance of C-4 plants to O-3. This single C-4 genus exhibited a wide range of sensitivities. The results suggest that sufficient variation may exist among Saccharum genotypes to allow selection for resistance to O-3 and that introgression of S. spontaneum germplasm may confer resistance to O-3 along with resistance to other abiotic stresses. Reduced sensitivity to O-3 in dedicated biofuel feedstocks may facilitate development of production systems in novel production areas. C1 [Grantz, D. A.; Vu, H. -B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Grantz, D. A.; Vu, H. -B.] Kearney Agr Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Tew, T. L.; Veremis, J. C.] ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Grantz, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM david@uckac.edu NR 77 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 52 IS 3 BP 1270 EP 1280 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.08.0413 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 933MX UT WOS:000303367300032 ER PT J AU Lee, JD Bilyeu, KD Pantalone, VR Gillen, AM So, YS Shannon, JG AF Lee, Jeong-Dong Bilyeu, Kristin D. Pantalone, Vincent R. Gillen, Anne M. So, Yoon-Sup Shannon, J. Grover TI Environmental Stability of Oleic Acid Concentration in Seed Oil for Soybean Lines with FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B Mutant Genes SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE; GERMPLASM LINE; OLEATE CONTENT; REGISTRATION; ALLELES; M23 AB Elevating oleic acid in seed oil improves oxidative stability and is desirable for expanding edible and industrial uses of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr]. Soybean lines with up to 800 g kg(-1) oleic acid concentration were developed by combining a recessive mutant allele at the FAD2-1A locus (Glyma10 g42470) with either of two different recessive mutant alleles at the FAD2-1B locus (Glyma20 g24530). However, oleic acid concentration for some higher oleic acid genotypes can be affected by growing conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of oleic acid concentration among 10 soybean lines with elevated oleic acid and eight checks with typical oleic acid levels over six environments. High oleic genotypes with genes combined from crossing M23 with the FAD2-1A Delta mutant and PI567189A with the FAD2-1B mutant I143T accumulated less oleic acid, and means for oleic acid concentration ranged from 551 to 729 g kg(-1) across environments compared to 202 to 263 g kg(-1) in the check cultivars. Significant variation among environments indicated that genes from different sources can affect both concentration and stability of oleic acid of these soybean genotypes grown in different environments. C1 [Shannon, J. Grover] Univ Missouri, Delta Res Ctr, Div Plant Sci, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. [Lee, Jeong-Dong] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Div Plant Biosci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Bilyeu, Kristin D.] ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Pantalone, Vincent R.] Univ Tennessee, Dep Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Gillen, Anne M.] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [So, Yoon-Sup] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Cheongju 362763, South Korea. RP Shannon, JG (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Delta Res Ctr, Div Plant Sci, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. EM shannong@missouri.edu FU U.S. soybean farmer check-off dollars; United Soybean Board [9222]; United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [6402-21000-034-00D] FX This research was supported by U.S. soybean farmer check-off dollars. We thank the United Soybean Board for funding project 9222 "Development of mid-oleic, low-linolenic, low-saturated substitutes for partially hydrogenated soybean oil." This research was also partially funded by United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service project numbers 6402-21000-034-00D. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 52 IS 3 BP 1290 EP 1297 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.07.0345 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 933MX UT WOS:000303367300034 ER PT J AU Seabourn, BW Xiao, ZHS Tilley, M Herald, TJ Park, SH AF Seabourn, Bradford W. Xiao, Zhihua S. Tilley, Michael Herald, Thomas J. Park, Seok-Ho TI A Rapid, Small-Scale Sedimentation Method to Predict Breadmaking Quality of Hard Winter Wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MIXOGRAPH PARAMETERS; BREAD; TESTS; FLOURS; PROTEIN; GLUTEN AB Breeders and processors are always looking for rapid and accurate methods to evaluate wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) quality. The objective of this study was to develop a rapid, small-scale method to accurately determine breadmaking quality for early generation hard winter wheat (HWW) breeding lines by combining the solutions used in the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) sedimentation method (American Association of Cereal Chemists [AACC] 56-70 [AACC, 2000]) and the centrifugation process found within the solvent retention capacity (SRC) method (AACC 56-11 [AACC, 2000]). A preliminary test of the hybrid SDS-SRC method was performed on eight HWW varieties and compared to AACC (56-70) and in-house Hard Winter Wheat Quality Laboratory (HWWQL) methods to show proof of concept. Further validation of the hybrid method was conducted on a diverse set of 53 HWW varieties. The hybrid method was performed in 66% less time than AACC 56-70 and HWWQL methods. Furthermore, sample size was reduced from 6 g for the AACC method to 1 g for the hybrid method. Results obtained from the hybrid method exhibited a higher correlation to bread loaf volume (r >= 0.84) compared to results from the AACC method (r > 0.42) and HWWQL method (r >= 0.64) for wheat flour. Due to enhanced speed, accuracy, and simplicity the hybrid SDS-SRC sedimentation method may prove useful in breeding programs, grain elevators, and other scenarios where rapid assessment of end-use quality determination is required. C1 [Seabourn, Bradford W.; Xiao, Zhihua S.; Tilley, Michael; Herald, Thomas J.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Hard Winter Wheat Qual Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Park, Seok-Ho] Int Delights LLC, Clifton, NJ 07012 USA. RP Seabourn, BW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Hard Winter Wheat Qual Lab, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM brad.seabourn@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 52 IS 3 BP 1306 EP 1315 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.04.0210 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 933MX UT WOS:000303367300036 ER PT J AU Goff, B Aiken, GE Witt, WW Sleugh, BB Burch, PL AF Goff, Ben M. Aiken, Glen E. Witt, William W. Sleugh, Byron B. Burch, Patrick L. TI Steer Consumption and Ergovaline Recovery from In Vitro Digested Residues of Tall Fescue Seedheads SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ERGOPEPTINE ALKALOIDS; ENDOPHYTE; PERFORMANCE; RESPONSES; EXCRETION; GRASSES; URINARY; GROWTH; PLANT AB Ergot alkaloids produced by the endophyte [Neotyphodium coenophialum (Morgan-Jones and Gams) Glenn, Bacon, and Hanlin] of tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] are a common problem faced by livestock producers. These toxins are concentrated within seedheads of tall fescue, which cattle were observed to selectively graze. There appears to be little research showing the extent to which alkaloids are released from developing seedheads during digestion. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the amount at which tall fescue seedheads were removed by cattle and to estimate the amount of ergovaline that is released from these tissues. Seedheads from tall fescue pastures were monitored for consumption by steers during summer 2010. Samples were digested with a two-stage procedure, and ergovaline concentrations were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. By mean stage count 3.91 (Day of Year 155), 60.7 +/- 2.87% of seedheads within the pastures had been grazed, and 2 wk later increased to nearly 78.8 +/- 0.82%. Ergovaline concentrations of seedheads increased throughout the season and were highest in mid-June. The percentage of ergovaline released from seedheads collected in mid-June was lower than earlier dates, but the difference was small. Results of this study indicate that high concentrations of ergovaline are released from tall fescue seedheads during the growing season, and management strategies should be aimed at controlling reproductive growth of the grass. C1 [Goff, Ben M.; Witt, William W.] Univ Kentucky, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Aiken, Glen E.] ARS, USDA, Forage & Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Sleugh, Byron B.] Dow AgroSci, Western Res Ctr, Fresno, CA 93706 USA. [Burch, Patrick L.] Dow AgroSci, Christiansburg, VA 24073 USA. RP Goff, B (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM ben.goff@uky.edu NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 52 IS 3 BP 1437 EP 1440 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.07.0378 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 933MX UT WOS:000303367300050 ER PT J AU Garnas, JR Houston, DR Ayres, MP Evans, C AF Garnas, Jeffrey R. Houston, David R. Ayres, Matthew P. Evans, Celia TI Disease ontogeny overshadows effects of climate and species interactions on population dynamics in a nonnative forest disease complex SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID BEECH BARK DISEASE; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; NORTH-AMERICA; DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS; CRYPTOCOCCUS-FAGISUGA; AFTERMATH FORESTS; SPATIAL SYNCHRONY; INSECT; DISPERSAL; HERBIVORE AB Biotic threats to trees often arise from interactions among two or more species, frequently insects and fungi, that function together to defeat host defenses, secure resources and colonize new hosts. Feedbacks among plant enemies can have large effects on host population and disease dynamics, either by promoting stabilizing negative feedbacks or contributing to positive feedbacks that can destabilize populations and permit outbreaks. Feedbacks can be rapid and direct (e.g. within trees or among years) or can arise from slowly developing changes in host resource quantity or quality at the scale of forest stands or landscapes. Climate may also influence system dynamics by altering feedbacks within or among species or through density independent effects. We evaluated major drivers of population dynamics of beech bark disease (BBD), an important forest disease in eastern deciduous forests of North America, using data from 28 study sites in the eastern United States monitored for up to 14 yr between 1979 and 1992. Both primary causal agents of BBD the introduced felted beech scale Cryptococcus fagisuga and native fungi Neonectria spp. showed strong simple density dependence in all study populations. Surprisingly, densities of scale insects and fungi had little or no effects on population growth rates of the other, despite their habit of living in close physical relationships. For both insects and fungi, ecologically important features of the density dependent functions (slope, carrying capacity and density independent variance) were variable across sites. Climatic effects on density-dependent functions (and scatter around them) were evident but generally weak and variable. The most striking predictor of patterns in density dependence was duration since establishment of BBD in the region. Apparently BBD alters forests over decades in ways that strengthen self-regulation among causal agents without eliminating or even dramatically reducing host populations. C1 [Garnas, Jeffrey R.; Ayres, Matthew P.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Houston, David R.] US Forest Serv, Danville, VT 05828 USA. [Evans, Celia] Paul Smiths Coll, Dept Sci, Paul Smiths, NY 12970 USA. RP Garnas, JR (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, Forestry & Agr Biotechol Inst, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. EM jeff.garnas@fabi.up.ac.za OI Garnas, Jeff/0000-0002-9956-9875 FU USDA Forest Service Northeastern Research Station [04-JV-11242328-122] FX We wish to acknowledge the many people who established plots and took data. Special Mike Ferrucci, Manfred Mielke, and Bill Jackson (USFS); Barbara Burns (VT Dept Forests, Parks and Recreation); and Barry Towers, Gary Laudermilch, Edwin Blumenthal, and Norman Kauffman DCNR, PA Bureau of Forestry). This work was partially supported by the USDA Forest Service Northeastern Research Station, grant 04-JV-11242328-122. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD MAY PY 2012 VL 35 IS 5 BP 412 EP 421 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2011.06938.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 936MM UT WOS:000303594500004 ER EF