FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Klutsch, JG Kallas-Richlefs, MA Reich, RM Harris, JL Jacobi, WR AF Klutsch, J. G. Kallas-Richlefs, M. A. Reich, R. M. Harris, J. L. Jacobi, W. R. TI Relationship of site and stand characteristics to Armillaria root disease incidence on ponderosa pine in the Black Hills, South Dakota SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; DOUGLAS-FIR; NATIONAL-FOREST; NORTHERN IDAHO; INFECTION; OSTOYAE; ROT; PROBABILITY; INTERIOR; MELLEA AB Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) in the Black Hills National Forest, SD, USA, was surveyed for Armillaria root disease (ARD). The root pathogen Armillaria ostoyae occurred on ponderosa pine seedlings, saplings, pole-size trees and large-diameter trees. The mean incidence of aboveground disease symptoms by stem count was low (0.2%), but in certain areas, the incidence was higher, affecting the regeneration success and tree longevity. Symptomatic ponderosa pine were in areas characterized by having higher elevation, greater annual precipitation, more seedlings, bigger large-diameter trees and greater odds of past harvesting activity than in areas without root disease. Stump density was positively spatially correlated with root disease incidence. No particular soil type was related to disease occurrence; though, in areas with symptomatic trees, soil available water holding capacity (AWC) was greater and soil permeability was less where root disease was present. Spatial analysis confirmed the relationships found in linear correlations, with soil AWC and stump density positively and soil permeability negatively correlated with per cent infected stems ha-1 and basal area infected. C1 [Klutsch, J. G.; Kallas-Richlefs, M. A.; Jacobi, W. R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Reich, R. M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewards, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Harris, J. L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Denver, CO USA. RP Jacobi, WR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM william.jacobi@colostate.edu OI Klutsch, Jennifer/0000-0001-8839-972X FU Custer State Park; Wind Cave National Park; USDA Forest Service, Region 2, Forest Health Management; Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station, Colorado State University FX We would like to recognize the contributions of B. Anderson and T. Juntti for field data collection, the cooperation of the Black Hills National Forest, B. Hill at Custer State Park and D. Kenney at Wind Cave National Park for advice and support, J. R. zumBrunnen for data manipulation and advice, and J. T. Blodgett, D. J. Morrison, J. J. Worrall and J. E. Lundquist for manuscript review. We appreciate the anonymous reviewers who helped to improve this manuscript. Funding and support for this project were from USDA Forest Service, Region 2, Forest Health Management and Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station, Colorado State University. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1437-4781 EI 1439-0329 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 42 IS 2 BP 160 EP 170 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2011.00736.x PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 923IA UT WOS:000302611800008 ER PT J AU Vogler, D Scharpf, R AF Vogler, Detlev Scharpf, Robert TI J. R. Parmeter Jr. (1927-2010) OBITUARY SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Vogler, Detlev; Scharpf, Robert] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. RP Vogler, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, 2480 Carson Rd, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. EM dvogler@fs.fed.us NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 42 IS 2 BP 178 EP 179 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2012.00765.x PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 923IA UT WOS:000302611800011 ER PT J AU Vogler, D Harrington, T AF Vogler, Detlev Harrington, Thomas TI Fields W. Cobb Jr. (1932-2011) OBITUARY SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Vogler, Detlev] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA USA. RP Vogler, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, 2480 Carson Rd, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. EM dvogler@fs.fed.us; tcharrin@iastate.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 42 IS 2 BP 180 EP 181 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2012.00766.x PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 923IA UT WOS:000302611800012 ER PT J AU Deal, RL White, R AF Deal, Robert L. White, Rachel TI Integrating forest products with ecosystem services: A global perspective Introduction SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Deal, Robert L.; White, Rachel] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Deal, RL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 620 SW Main St, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM rdeal@fs.fed.us NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD APR PY 2012 VL 17 SI SI BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2012.02.014 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 928MJ UT WOS:000302986600001 ER PT J AU Deal, RL Cochran, B LaRocco, G AF Deal, Robert L. Cochran, Bobby LaRocco, Gina TI Bundling of ecosystem services to increase forestland value and enhance sustainable forest management SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem services; Bundling; Markets; Water; Wetlands; Carbon ID CLIMATE-CHANGE MITIGATION; UNITED-STATES; OPEN SPACE; VALUATION; LESSONS; OREGON AB There has been increasing interest in the use of market-based approaches to add value for forestland and to assist with the conservation of natural resources. While markets for ecosystem services show potential for increasing forestland value, there is concern that the lack of an integrated program will simply add to the complexity of these services without generating significant public benefits. If not designed properly, these fragmented programs can result in the restoration of many small sites that lack ecological integrity and are unlikely to provide the benefits from protecting larger and more contiguous areas. An integrated approach that combines or bundles services and provides financial incentives for forest landowners may be more effective to achieving broad conservation goals, including enhancing fish and wildlife habitat, improving watershed health, sequestering carbon to mitigate climate change, and providing other ecosystem services at an ecologically relevant scale. We outline some of the policy and regulatory frameworks for some of the emerging markets for ecosystem services in the United States, and discuss the role that different regulatory agencies play for each of these services. We then assess the potential benefits for bundling different ecosystem services such as water quality, wetlands, species conservation, and carbon and describe an integrated accounting protocol for combining these services. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Deal, Robert L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Cochran, Bobby] Willamette Partnership, Hillsboro, OR 97123 USA. [LaRocco, Gina] Defenders Wildlife, W Linn, OR USA. RP Deal, RL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 620 SW Main St, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM rdeal@fs.fed.us NR 67 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 8 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD APR PY 2012 VL 17 SI SI BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2011.12.007 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 928MJ UT WOS:000302986600010 ER PT J AU Lancaster, ST Nolin, AW Copeland, EA Grant, GE AF Lancaster, Stephen T. Nolin, Anne W. Copeland, Elizabeth A. Grant, Gordon E. TI Periglacial debris-flow initiation and susceptibility and glacier recession from imagery, airborne LiDAR, and ground-based mapping SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID MOUNT-RAINIER; MODEL; WASHINGTON; EVOLUTION; HAZARD; AREA AB Climate changes in the Pacific Northwest, USA, may cause both retreat of alpine glaciers and increases in the frequency and magnitude of storms delivering rainfall at high elevations absent significant snowpack, and both of these changes may affect the frequency and severity of destructive debris flows initiating on the region's composite volcanoes. A better understanding of debris-flow susceptibility on these volcanoes' slopes is therefore warranted. Field mapping and remote sensing data, including airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR), were used to locate and characterize initiation sites of six debris flows that occurred during an "atmospheric river" event (warm wet storm) on Mount Rainier, Washington, in November 2006, and data from prior studies identified six more debris flows that occurred in 2001-2005. These 12 debris flows had initiation sources at the heads of 17 gullies distributed over seven distinct initiation zones near the termini of glaciers, and all debris-flow initiation sites were located within areas exposed by glacier retreat in the past century. Gully locations were identified by their steep walls and heads on a 1-m digital elevation model (DEM) from LiDAR data collected in 2007-2008. Gullies in which debris flows initiated were differentiated from numerous non-initiating gullies primarily by the greater upslope contributing areas of the former. Initiation mechanisms were inferred from pre- and post-2006 gully width measurements from aerial photos and the LiDAR DEM, respectively, field observations of gully banks, and elevation changes calculated from repeated LiDAR, and these data indicate that debris flows were initiated by distributed sources, including bank mass failures, related to erosion by overland flow of water. Using gully-head initiation sites for debris flows that occurred during 2001-2006, a data model was developed to explore the viability of the method for characterization of debris-flow initiation susceptibilities on Mount Rainier. The initiation sites were found to occupy a restricted part of the four-dimensional space defined by mean and standard deviation of simulated glacial meltwater flow, slope angle, and minimum distance to an area of recent (1994-2008) glacier retreat. The model identifies the heads of most gullies, including all sites of known debris-flow initiation, as high-susceptibility areas, but does not appear to differentiate between areas of varying gully-head density or between debris-flow and no-debris-flow gullies. The model and field data, despite limitations, do provide insight into debris-flow processes, as well as feasible methods for mapping and assessment of debris-flow susceptibilities on periglacial areas of the Cascade Range. C1 [Lancaster, Stephen T.; Nolin, Anne W.; Copeland, Elizabeth A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lancaster, Stephen T.; Nolin, Anne W.; Copeland, Elizabeth A.] Oregon State Univ, Inst Water & Watersheds, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Grant, Gordon E.] US Dept Agr Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lancaster, ST (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM lancasts@geo.oregonstate.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0756825, EAR-0844017] FX Paul Kennard (Regional Geomorphologist, U.S. National Park Service) and the staff of Mount Rainier National Park provided generous support and guidance of fieldwork efforts. The LiDAR data were made possible by the Puget Sound LiDAR Consortium and Mount Rainier National Park. Watershed Sciences, Inc., acquired and processed the airborne LiDAR data and provided expert assistance. Sky Coyote (Sky Coyote Science Software, www.skycoyote.com) wrote the software programs constituting the data model and performed the calculations for that model. Thomas Sisson (U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory) recommended the methodology for creating the 2008 glacier outlines. Carolyn Driedger (U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory) generously provided unpublished information regarding debris flows on Mount Rainier. Sarah L. Lewis (College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University) provided valuable feedback and skilled editing of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation's Geomorphology and Land Use Dynamics Program (EAR-0756825 and EAR-0844017). NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 26 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD APR PY 2012 VL 8 IS 2 BP 417 EP 430 DI 10.1130/GES00713.1 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 925NK UT WOS:000302767800010 ER PT J AU Harrison, HF Wechter, WP Kousik, CS AF Harrison, Howard F., Jr. Wechter, W. Patrick Kousik, Chandrasekar S. TI Inhibition of Bacterial, Fungal, and Plant Growth by Testae Extracts of Citrullus Genotypes SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE allelopathy; Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus; C. lanatus var. citroides; C. colocynthis; Panicum miliaceum; Acidovorax avenae subsp citrulli; nacterial fruit blotch; Phytophthora capsici; fruit rot ID CUCUMIS-SATIVUS L; ALLELOPATHIC SUBSTANCE; PHYTOPHTHORA-CAPSICI; WATERMELON; RESISTANCE; SEEDS; ACCESSIONS; SENSITIVITY; LANATUS AB Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] seed and root exudates inhibit germination and seedling growth of plants and growth of pathogenic fungi and bacteria. This study was conducted to determine if extractable components in the testa (seedcoat) contribute to the inhibition previously reported. Testae of eight genetically diverse Citrullus genotypes were extracted first with dichloromethane to remove less polar components and then with 70% methanol to remove more polar components. The dichloromethane extracts were not inhibitory in a Proso millet radicle growth bioassay; however, they were highly inhibitory to the growth of the fruit blotch bacterial pathogen Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli (Aac). All dichloromethane extracts were highly inhibitory to Aac except those from a watermelon breeding line, 406-1-x 7 and a C. lanatus var. citroides accession, PI 500354. The more polar components extracted in 70% methanol inhibited Proso millet radicle and Aac growth and Phytophthora capsici zoospore germination. The greatest inhibition of radicle growth was found with 70% methanol extracts from two watermelon relatives, C. lanatus var. citroides [Bailey (Mansf.)] (PI 532738) and C. colocynthis [(L.) Scrad.] (PI 432337). They reduced radicle elongation by 90% at an extract concentration of 250 mg of tissue extracted per mL water. The 70% methanol extracts of several genotypes partially inhibited Aac colony formation, but the C. lanatus var. citroides accession, PI 532738, was the only genotype with 70% methanol extracts that completely inhibited the bacterium at 100 mg.mL(-1). The 70% methanol extracts of Charleston Gray, 406-1-x 7, PI 500354, PI 532738, and PI 167125 were highly inhibitory in a Phytophthora capsici zoospore germination bioassay. These results indicate that the testae of Citrullus genotypes contain at least two compounds that are inhibitory to microorganisms and plants in bioassay, and the amount of inhibition caused by the extracts varied among Citrullus genotypes. C1 [Harrison, Howard F., Jr.; Wechter, W. Patrick; Kousik, Chandrasekar S.] ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. RP Harrison, HF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. EM howard.harrison@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2012 VL 47 IS 4 BP 448 EP 451 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 929QX UT WOS:000303081700001 ER PT J AU Wood, BW Reilly, CC Bock, CH Hotchkiss, MW AF Wood, Bruce W. Reilly, Charles C. Bock, Clive H. Hotchkiss, Michael W. TI Suppression of Pecan Scab by Nickel SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE production; management; fungicides; triphenyltin hydroxide; nutrient elements; cultivars; resistance; fungi; Fusicladium effusum; fruit; pest management; nutrition; micronutrient; Carya illinoinensis ID CLADOSPORIUM-CARYIGENUM; FALL DEFOLIATION; HIGHER-PLANTS; LEAF WETNESS; MOUSE-EAR; DEFICIENCY; INFECTION; FOLIAGE; GROWTH; FRUIT AB The economic cost of pecan scab, caused by Fusicladium effusum C. Winter, can substantially limit profitability of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] cultivation in humid environments. Laboratory, greenhouse, and field studies found nickel (Ni) to inhibit growth of F. effusum and reduce disease severity on fruit and foliage of orchard trees. Nickel was toxic to the fungus in vitro at concentrations applied to orchard trees, and Ni sprays reduced scab severity on foliage of pecan seedlings in greenhouse experiments. Host genotype appears to influence Ni efficacy with fruit tissue of cultivars of intermediate resistance (i.e., 'Desirable') being most responsive to treatment and those most susceptible to scab (i.e., 'Wichita' and 'Apache') being least responsive. Addition of Ni as a nutritional supplement applied in combination with fungicides applied as air-blast sprays to commercial orchards reduced severity of scab on both leaves and fruit depending on cultivar and date of disease assessment (e.g., scab severity on fruit was reduced by 6% to 52% on 'Desirable' in an orchard setting). Nickel-supplemented fungicide sprays to 'Desirable' trees in commercial orchards also increased fruit weight and kernel filling, apparently from improved disease control. Although the efficacy of Ni was typically much less than that of triphenyltin hydroxide (TPTH), a standard fungicide used in commercial orchards, Ni treatment of tree canopies for increasing tree Ni nutrition slightly lowered disease severity. These studies establish that foliar Ni use in orchards potentially reduces severity of scab on foliage and fruit in scab-prone environments. The inclusion of Ni with fungicides for management of pecan scab might reduce disease severity over that conferred by fungicide alone, especially if targeted cultivars possess at least a moderate degree of scab resistance. Similar benefit from Ni sprays might also occur in host fungi interactions involving other crops. C1 [Wood, Bruce W.; Reilly, Charles C.; Bock, Clive H.; Hotchkiss, Michael W.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Wood, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM bruce.wood@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2012 VL 47 IS 4 BP 503 EP 508 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 929QX UT WOS:000303081700010 ER PT J AU Moran, MS Alonso, L Moreno, JF Mateo, MPC de la Cruz, DF Montoro, A AF Moran, M. Susan Alonso, Luis Moreno, Jose F. Cendrero Mateo, Maria Pilar Fernando de la Cruz, D. Montoro, Amelia TI A RADARSAT-2 Quad-Polarized Time Series for Monitoring Crop and Soil Conditions in Barrax, Spain SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Barley; corn; onion; phenology; Radarsat; Rapideye; Sentinel-1 ID BAND SAR DATA; MULTITEMPORAL ENVISAT-ASAR; LEAF-AREA INDEX; AGRICULTURAL CROPS; BACKSCATTERING COEFFICIENT; MOISTURE RETRIEVAL; MICROWAVE BACKSCATTERING; PARAMETER RETRIEVAL; WHEAT; CLASSIFICATION AB An analysis of the sensitivity of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter (sigma(o)) to crop and soil conditions was conducted using 57 RADARSAT-2 C-band quad-polarized SAR images acquired from April to September 2009 for large fields of wheat, barley, oat, corn, onion, and alfalfa in Barrax, Spain. Preliminary results showed that the cross-polarized sigma(o)(HV) was particularly useful for monitoring both crop and soil conditions and was the least sensitive to differences in beam incidence angle. The greatest separability of barley, corn, and onion occurred in spring after the barley had been harvested or in the narrow time window associated with grain crop heading when corn and onion were still immature. The time series of sigma(o) offered reliable information about crop growth stage, such as jointing and heading in grain crops and leaf growth and reproduction in corn and onion. There was a positive correlation between sigma(o) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index for onion and corn but not for all crops, and the impact of view direction and incidence angle on the time series was minimal compared to the signal response to crop and soil conditions. Related to planning for future C-band SAR missions, we found that quad-polarization with image acquisition frequency from 3-6 days was best suited for distinguishing crop types and for monitoring crop phenology, single-or dual-polarization with an acquisition frequency of 3-6 days was sufficient for mapping crop green biomass, and single-or dual-polarization with daily image acquisition was necessary to capture rapid changes in soil moisture condition. C1 [Moran, M. Susan] USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Alonso, Luis; Moreno, Jose F.; Cendrero Mateo, Maria Pilar] Univ Valencia, Image Proc Lab, Valencia 46980, Spain. [Fernando de la Cruz, D.; Montoro, Amelia] ITAP, Albacete 02080, Spain. RP Moran, MS (reprint author), USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM susan.moran@ars.usda.gov; lalonso.uv@gmail.com; moreno.uv@gmail.com; macenma@email.arizona.edu; fct.itap@dipualba.es; meli.itap@dipualba.es RI Montoro, Amelia/N-4931-2014 FU OECD; Spanish Ministry for Education and Science [EODIX/AYA2008-05965-C04-03, CONSOLIDER/CSD2007-00018]; NASA SMAP Science Definition Team [08-SMAPSDT08-0042] FX Manuscript received September 30, 2010; revised June 20, 2011; accepted July 31, 2011. Date of publication October 6, 2011; date of current version March 28, 2012. This paper is the direct result of a fellowship funded by the OECD Co-operative Research Programme: Biological Resource Management for Sustainable Agricultural Systems to encourage international research on sustainable use of natural resources in agriculture. This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry for Education and Science under projects EODIX/AYA2008-05965-C04-03 and CONSOLIDER/CSD2007-00018 and the NASA SMAP Science Definition Team under agreement 08-SMAPSDT08-0042. Special thanks go to the European Space Agency for providing the AgriSAR 2009 data set. NR 65 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 42 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2012 VL 50 IS 4 BP 1057 EP 1070 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2166080 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 922EH UT WOS:000302529100005 ER PT J AU Kurum, M O'Neill, PE Lang, RH Cosh, MH Joseph, AT Jackson, TJ AF Kurum, Mehmet O'Neill, Peggy E. Lang, Roger H. Cosh, Michael H. Joseph, Alicia T. Jackson, Thomas J. TI Impact of Conifer Forest Litter on Microwave Emission at L-Band SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Forest; litter; microwave radiometry; radiative transfer; soil ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; WATER-CONTENT MEASUREMENT; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; SOIL-MOISTURE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; MODEL; CALIBRATION; RADIOMETRY; SURFACE; MEDIA AB This study reports on the utilization of microwave modeling, together with ground truth, and L-band (1.4-GHz) brightness temperatures to investigate the passive microwave characteristics of a conifer forest floor. The microwave data were acquired over a natural Virginia Pine forest in Maryland by a ground-based microwave active/passive instrument system in 2008/2009. Ground measurements of the tree biophysical parameters and forest floor characteristics were obtained during the field campaign. The test site consisted of medium-sized evergreen conifers with an average height of 12 m and average diameters at breast height of 12.6 cm. The site is a typical pine forest site in that there is a surface layer of loose debris/needles and an organic transition layer above the mineral soil. In an effort to characterize and model the impact of the surface litter layer, an experiment was conducted on a day with wet soil conditions, which involved removal of the surface litter layer from one half of the test site while keeping the other half undisturbed. The observations showed detectable decrease in emissivity for both polarizations after the surface litter layer was removed. A first-order radiative transfer model of the forest stands including the multilayer nature of the forest floor in conjunction with the ground truth data are used to compute forest emission. The model calculations reproduced the major features of the experimental data over the entire duration, which included the effects of surface litter and ground moisture content on overall emission. Both theory and experimental results confirm that the litter layer increases the observed canopy brightness temperature and obscure the soil emission. C1 [Kurum, Mehmet; O'Neill, Peggy E.; Joseph, Alicia T.] NASA, Hydrol Sci Branch, Code 614 3, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lang, Roger H.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Cosh, Michael H.; Jackson, Thomas J.] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kurum, M (reprint author), NASA, Hydrol Sci Branch, Code 614 3, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM mehmet.kurum@nasa.gov; peggy.e.oneill@nasa.gov; lang@gwu.edu; Michael.Cosh@ars.usda.gov; Alicia.T.Joseph@nasa.gov; tom.jackson@ars.usda.gov RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 FU NASA at the Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA FX Manuscript received November 15, 2010; revised June 21, 2011; accepted July 31, 2011. Date of publication September 29, 2011; date of current version March 28, 2012. This work was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2012 VL 50 IS 4 BP 1071 EP 1084 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2166272 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 922EH UT WOS:000302529100006 ER PT J AU Dunams-Morel, DB Reichard, MV Torretti, L Zarlenga, DS Rosenthal, BM AF Dunams-Morel, Detiger B. Reichard, Mason V. Torretti, Luigi Zarlenga, Dante S. Rosenthal, Benjamin M. TI Discernible but limited introgression has occurred where Trichinella nativa and the T6 genotype occur in sympatry SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Trichinella; Introgression; Trichinellosis; Zoonosis; Microsatellites ID MULTIPLEX PCR; ARCTIC FOXES; TRICHINOSIS; TOLERANCE; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SPIRALIS; SOFTWARE; MEGA AB The genetic diversity within and among parasite populations provides clues to their evolutionary history. Here, we sought to determine whether mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA variation could be used to evaluate the extent of differentiation, gene flow and historical reproductive isolation among the freeze resistant parasites Trichinella nativa and the Trichinella T6 genotype infecting wolverines (Cub gulo) in Nunavut, Canada. To this end, we genotyped Trichinella isolates derived from the diaphragms of 39 wolverines from this locale to reference strains of T. nativa and the Trichinella T6 genotype. Results showed that among a subset of 13 isolates examined, individuals resembled T. nativa in their mitochondrial DNA, but resembled the Trichinella T6 genotype when assayed at expansion segment V and the internal transcribed spacer of themuclear rDNA. To adjudicate among these conflicting diagnoses, we further characterized each isolate at several nuclear microsatellite loci and again compared these to data from reference strains. Statistical assignment established that the nuclear genomes of most Nunavut isolates corresponded to those of the Trichinella T6 genotype; however, two isolates corresponded to T. nativa, and one isolate exhibited equal similarity to both reference strains. Taken as a whole, the evidence suggests that these isolates derive from the T. nativa matrilineage, but that their nuclear genomes resemble individuals previously designated as Trichinella T6. Assuming distinct lineages, this argues for cross-hybridization among these genotypes. Although introgression has occurred, recognizable genetic distinctions persist. One possibility is that selection disfavors the survival of hybrid offspring in most instances. Alternatively, the recent disappearance of glacial barriers might have increased contact, and therefore introgression. Broader geographic sampling will be required to determine the extent to which hybridization occurs beyond this particular geographic focus. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dunams-Morel, Detiger B.; Zarlenga, Dante S.; Rosenthal, Benjamin M.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Reichard, Mason V.] Oklahoma State Univ, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Stillwater, OK 74878 USA. RP Rosenthal, BM (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Benjamin.Rosenthal@ars.usda.gov OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 FU Department of Environment, Government of Nunavut; Nunavut Wildlife Management Board; Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University FX Funding for wolverine sample collection and transport was provided by the Department of Environment, Government of Nunavut; the Nunavut Wildlife Management Board; and the Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University. We would like to thank the Kugluktuk Hunters and Trappers Organization and the participating hunters for their support of this research project, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive criticisms. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 12 IS 3 BP 530 EP 538 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.01.004 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 929VN UT WOS:000303093900006 PM 22266240 ER PT J AU Anderson, RC Krueger, NA Genovese, KJ Stanton, TB MacKinnon, KM Harvey, RB Edrington, TS Callaway, TR Nisbet, DJ AF Anderson, Robin C. Krueger, Nathan A. Genovese, Kenneth J. Stanton, Thaddeus B. MacKinnon, Kathryn M. Harvey, Roger B. Edrington, Thomas S. Callaway, Todd R. Nisbet, David J. TI Effect of Thymol or Diphenyliodonium Chloride on Performance, Gut Fermentation Characteristics, and Campylobacter Colonization in Growing Swine SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESSENTIAL OILS; IN-VITRO; JEJUNI; COLI; KINETICS; INVITRO; GROWTH; PIGS AB Food producing animals can be reservoirs of Campylobacter, a leading bacterial cause of human foodborne illness. Campylobacter spp. utilize amino acids as major carbon and energy substrates, a process that can be inhibited by thymol and diphenyliodonium chloride (DIC). To determine the effect of these potential additives on feed intake, live weight gain, and gut Campylobacter levels, growing pigs were fed standard grower diets supplemented with or without 0.0067 or 0.0201% thymol or 0.00014 or 0.00042% DIC in a replicated study design. Diets were offered twice daily for 7 days, during which time daily feed intake (mean +/- SEM, 2.39 +/- 0.06 kg day(-1)) and daily gain (0.62 +/- 0.04 kg day(-1)) were unaffected (P > 0.05) by treatment. Pigs treated with DIC but not thymol tended to have lower rectal Campylobacter levels (P = 0.07) (5.2 versus 4.2 and 4.4 log CFU g(-1) rectal contents for controls and 0.00014% DIC and 0.00042% DIC, respectively; SEM = 0.26). However, DIC or thymol treatments did not affect (P > 0.05) ileal or cecal Campylobacter (1.6 +/- 0.17 and 4.5 +/- 0.26 log CFU g(-1) respectively), cecal total culturable anaerobes (9.8 +/- 0.10 log CFU g(-1)), or accumulations of major fermentation end products within collected gut contents. These results suggest that thymol and DIC were appreciably absorbed, degraded, or otherwise made unavailable in the proximal alimentary tract and that encapsulation technologies will likely be needed to deliver effective concentrations of these compounds to the lower gut to achieve in vivo reductions of Campylobacter. C1 [Anderson, Robin C.; Krueger, Nathan A.; Genovese, Kenneth J.; MacKinnon, Kathryn M.; Harvey, Roger B.; Edrington, Thomas S.; Callaway, Todd R.; Nisbet, David J.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Stanton, Thaddeus B.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Anderson, RC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM robin.anderson@ars.usda.gov FU National Pork Board (NPB) [08-020] FX This work was funded in part with a grant from the National Pork Board (NPB 08-020). The authors thank Deb Lebo and Jackie Kotzur for their expert technical assistance. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 2012 VL 75 IS 4 BP 758 EP 761 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-390 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 925IQ UT WOS:000302755300022 PM 22488067 ER PT J AU Rajkowski, KT Sommers, CH AF Rajkowski, Kathleen T. Sommers, Christopher H. TI Effect of Anolyte on Background Microflora, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes on Catfish Fillets SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLYZED OXIDIZING WATER; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; FOOD-INDUSTRY; SHELL EGGS; RAW SALMON; ENTERITIDIS; EFFICACY; INACTIVATION; REDUCTION AB Near-neutral electrolyzed water (anolyte), having a pH of 6.0 to 6.5 +/- 0.02, oxidation reduction potential of greater than 700 mV, and a residual chlorine level of 10 to 200 ppm, was reported to have a potential use to decontaminate food surfaces. An electrolyzing cell was developed that is capable of producing neutral electrolyzed water containing a chlorine level of greater than 700 ppm in the form of hypochlorous acid (anolyte). Anolyte with a chlorine level of 300 ppm was used to determine its effect on Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes cells after a 3-min contact. Transmission electron micrograph results showed disruption of the outer cellular membrane for both bacteria. The anolyte (300 ppm) was used as a washing solution to decontaminate catfish fillets inoculated with either Salmonella or L. monocytogenes. After a 3-min contact time with the anolyte, there was a 1-log reduction for Salmonella, and after 8 days of refrigerated storage (4 degrees C), this bacterial reduction was maintained. There was no reduction of L. monocytogenes on the catfish fillet surfaces. The anolyte was an effective wash solution for Salmonella reduction on the catfish fillet surfaces. C1 [Rajkowski, Kathleen T.; Sommers, Christopher H.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19083 USA. RP Rajkowski, KT (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19083 USA. EM kathleen.rajkowski@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 2012 VL 75 IS 4 BP 765 EP 770 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-426 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 925IQ UT WOS:000302755300024 PM 22488069 ER PT J AU Ebel, ED Williams, MS Schlosser, WD AF Ebel, Eric D. Williams, Michael S. Schlosser, Wayne D. TI Parametric Distributions of Underdiagnosis Parameters Used To Estimate Annual Burden of Illness for Five Foodborne Pathogens SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB Estimates of the burden of bacterial foodbome illness are used in applications ranging from determining economic losses clue to a particular pathogenic organism to improving our understanding of the effects of antimicrobial resistance or changes in pathogen serotype. Estimates of the total number of illnesses can be derived by multiplying the number of observed illnesses, as reported by a specific active surveillance system, by an underdiagnosis factor that describes the relationship between observed and unobserved cases. The underdiagnosis factor can be a fixed value, but recent research efforts have focused on characterizing the inherent uncertainty in the surveillance system with a computer simulation. Although the inclusion of uncertainty is beneficial, re-creating the simulation results for every application can be burdensome. An alternative approach is to describe the underdiagnosis factor and its uncertainty with a parametric distribution. The use of such a distribution simplifies analyses by providing a closed-form definition of the underdiagnosis factor and allows this factor to be easily incorporated into Bayesian models. In this article, we propose and estimate parametric distributions for the underdiagnosis multipliers developed for the FoodNet surveillance systems in the United States. Distributions are provided for the five foodbome pathogens deemed most relevant to meat and poultry. C1 [Ebel, Eric D.; Williams, Michael S.; Schlosser, Wayne D.] Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Risk Assessment Div, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Ebel, ED (reprint author), Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Risk Assessment Div, Off Publ Hlth Sci, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM eric.ebel@fsis.usda.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 2012 VL 75 IS 4 BP 775 EP 778 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-345 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 925IQ UT WOS:000302755300026 PM 22488071 ER PT J AU Camara, M Elston, R Xu, SZ Chen, C AF Camara, Mark Elston, Ralph Xu, Shizhong Chen, Chao TI QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI FOR REPRODUCTIVE INVESTMENT, GAMETE DEVELOPMENT, AND VIABILITY IN THE PACIFIC OYSTER (CRASSOSTREA GIGAS) SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Camara, Mark] USDA ARS, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Elston, Ralph] Aquatechnics, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. [Xu, Shizhong] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Chen, Chao] Oregon State Univ, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 266 EP 266 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800056 ER PT J AU Dumbauld, BR Hosack, G AF Dumbauld, Brett R. Hosack, Geoff TI EXAMINING THE NURSERY VALUE OF INTERTIDAL OYSTER AQUACULTURE, EELGRASS, AND UNSTRUCTURED NIUDFLAT FOR FISH AND INVERTEBRATES IN WILLAPA BAY, WASHINGTON SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dumbauld, Brett R.] USDA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Hosack, Geoff] CSIRO, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 17 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 277 EP 277 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800096 ER PT J AU Dumbauld, BR Chapman, JW Bosley, KM AF Dumbauld, Brett R. Chapman, John W. Bosley, Katelyn M. TI CAN BURROWING SHRIMP POPULATION DECLINES IN US WEST COAST ESTUARIES BE EXPLAINED BY FLUCTUATIONS IN RECRUITMENT? SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dumbauld, Brett R.] USDA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Chapman, John W.; Bosley, Katelyn M.] Oregon State Univ, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 277 EP 278 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800097 ER PT J AU Jensen, GL Shumway, SE Trushenski, J Woods, LC Davis, J Schwarz, M Broyles, TW AF Jensen, Gary L. Shumway, Sandra E. Trushenski, Jesse Woods, L. Curry Davis, Jonathan Schwarz, Michael Broyles, Thomas W. TI A NATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF POST-SECONDARY AQUACULTURE-SUPPORTING EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS IN THE UNITED STATES SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jensen, Gary L.] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Shumway, Sandra E.] Univ Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Trushenski, Jesse] So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Woods, L. Curry] Univ Maryland, Anim Sci Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Schwarz, Michael; Broyles, Thomas W.] Virginia Tech, Hampton, VA 23669 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 301 EP 301 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800180 ER PT J AU Meyer, E Chen, C Camara, MD AF Meyer, Eli Chen, Chao Camara, Mark D. TI GENOTYPING AND EXPRESSION PROFILING ON A BUDGET IN NON-MODEL SPECIES SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Meyer, Eli; Chen, Chao] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Camara, Mark D.] Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 323 EP 323 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800256 ER PT J AU Ramsay, J Dumbauld, B AF Ramsay, Jessica Dumbauld, Brett TI DUNGENESS CRAB PRODUCTION: AN ECOSYSTEM SERVICE PROVIDED BY OSTREA LURIDA AND CRASSOSTREA GIGAS IN WILLAPA BAY, WASHINGTON SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ramsay, Jessica] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dumbauld, Brett] USDA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 337 EP 337 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800303 ER PT J AU Stick, DA Camara, MD AF Stick, David A. Camara, Mark D. TI IDENTIFICATION AND MAPPING OF GROWTH-RELATED QTL USING MICROSATELLITE AND AFLP MARKERS FOR THE PACIFIC OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA GIGAS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stick, David A.] Oregon State Univ, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Camara, Mark D.] USDA ARS, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 349 EP 349 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800345 ER PT J AU Maxted, AM Luttrell, MP Goekjian, VH Brown, JD Niles, LJ Dey, AD Kalasz, KS Swayne, DE Stallknecht, DE AF Maxted, Angela M. Luttrell, M. Page Goekjian, Virginia H. Brown, Justin D. Niles, Lawrence J. Dey, Amanda D. Kalasz, Kevin S. Swayne, David E. Stallknecht, David E. TI AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS INFECTION DYNAMICS IN SHOREBIRD HOSTS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE AIV; avian influenza virus; Charadriiformes; Delaware Bay; disease ecology; infection dynamics; Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres morinella); shorebird ID DELAWARE BAY; A VIRUSES; WILD BIRDS; RED KNOTS; MIGRATORY BIRDS; NORTH-AMERICA; GULLS; PREVALENCE; STOPOVER; DISEASE AB To gain insight into avian influenza virus (AIV) transmission, exposure, and maintenance patterns in shorebirds at Delaware Bay during spring migration, we examined temporal AIV prevalence trends in four Charadriiformes species with the use of serial cross-sectional data from 2000 through 2008 and generalized linear and additive models. Prevalence of ATV in Ruddy Turnstones (Arenaria interpres morinella) increased after arrival, peaked in mid-late May, and decreased prior to departure. Antibody prevalence also increased over this period; together, these results suggested local infection and recovery prior to departure. Red Knots (Calidris canutus rufa), Sanderlings (Calidris alba), and Laughing Gulls (Leucophaeus atricilla) were rarely infected, but dynamic changes in antibody prevalence differed among species. In Red Knots, declining antibody prevalence over the stopover period suggested AIV exposure prior to arrival at Delaware Bay with limited infection at this site. Antibody prevalence was consistently high in Laughing Gulls and low in Sanderlings. Both viral prevalence and antibody prevalence in Sanderlings varied directly with those in turnstones, suggesting virus spillover to Sanderlings. Results indicate that, although hundreds of thousands of birds concentrate at Delaware Bay during spring, dynamics of AIV infection differ among species, perhaps due to differences in susceptibility, potential for contact with AIV at this site, or prior exposure. Additionally, Ruddy Turnstones possibly act as a local AIV amplifying host rather than a reservoir. C1 [Maxted, Angela M.; Luttrell, M. Page; Goekjian, Virginia H.; Brown, Justin D.; Stallknecht, David E.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Niles, Lawrence J.] Conserve Wildlife Fdn New Jersey, Trenton, NJ 08609 USA. [Dey, Amanda D.] New Jersey Div Fish & Wildlife, Endangered & Nongame Species Program, Millville, NJ 08332 USA. [Kalasz, Kevin S.] Delaware Dept Nat Resources & Environm Control, Nat Heritage & Endangered Species Program, Div Fish & Wildlife, Smyrna, DE 19977 USA. [Swayne, David E.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Maxted, AM (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis Control, 651 Corning Tower, Albany, NY 12237 USA. EM angiemaxted@gmail.com FU Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agriculture (USDA-ARS) [58-6612-2-0220]; Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study [58-6612-2-0220]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN266200700007C] FX This research was funded through Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-6612-2-0220 between the Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agriculture (USDA-ARS) and the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, and by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, under contract HHSN266200700007C. The contents of this work are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. Banding data and morphometric measurements are the property of the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program, Division of Fish and Wildlife, Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, and the Nongame and Endangered Species Program, Division of Fish and Wildlife, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection; we thank these agencies for granting access to these data. We are grateful to many people who provided field and laboratory support, particularly E. Casey, L. Coffee, M. Cole, J. Cumbee, D. Downs, S. Gibbs, W. Hamrick, S. Keeler, G. Martin, S. McGraw, C. McKinnon, J. Murdock, R. Paulson, J. Smith, and B. Wilcox. NR 54 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 25 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2012 VL 48 IS 2 BP 322 EP 334 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 922ZZ UT WOS:000302589000007 PM 22493108 ER PT J AU Ellis, CK Carroll, DS Lash, RR Peterson, AT Damon, IK Malekani, J Formenty, P AF Ellis, Christine K. Carroll, Darin S. Lash, Ryan R. Peterson, A. Townsend Damon, Inger K. Malekani, Jean Formenty, Pierre TI ECOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY OF HUMAN MONKEYPDX CASE OCCURRENCES ACROSS AFRICA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Ecologic niche modeling; epidemiology; georeferencing; monkeypox; point-radius method ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; CONGO BASIN; NICHE; VIRUS; DISEASE; TRANSMISSION; PREDICTION AB As ecologic niche modeling (ENM) evolves as a tool in spatial epidemiology and public health, selection of the most appropriate and informative environmental data sets becomes increasingly important. Here, we build on a previous ENM analysis of the potential distribution of human monkeypox in Africa by refining georeferencing criteria and using more-diverse environmental data to identify environmental parameters contributing to monkeypox distributional ecology. Significant environmental variables include annual precipitation, several temperature-related variables, primal), productivity, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, and pH. The potential distribution identified with this set of variables was broader than that identified in previous analyses but does not include areas recently found to hold monkeypox in southern Sudan. Our results emphasize the importance of selecting the most appropriate and informative environmental data sets for ENM analyses in pathogen transmission mapping. C1 [Peterson, A. Townsend] Univ Kansas, Biodivers Inst, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Ellis, Christine K.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Carroll, Darin S.; Lash, Ryan R.; Damon, Inger K.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Malekani, Jean] Univ Kinshasa, Dept Biol, Kinshasa, Zaire. [Formenty, Pierre] WHO, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Peterson, AT (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Biodivers Inst, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM town@ku.edu RI Lash, R. Ryan/E-4115-2013; Peterson, A. Townsend/I-5697-2013 OI Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379 NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2012 VL 48 IS 2 BP 335 EP 347 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 922ZZ UT WOS:000302589000008 PM 22493109 ER PT J AU Loehman, RA Elias, J Douglass, RJ Kuenzi, AJ Mills, JN Wagoner, K AF Loehman, Rachel A. Elias, Joran Douglass, Richard J. Kuenzi, Amy J. Mills, James N. Wagoner, Kent TI PREDICTION OF PEROMYSCUS MANICULATUS (DEER MOUSE) POPULATION DYNAMICS IN MONTANA, USA, USING SATELLITE-DRIVEN VEGETATION PRODUCTIVITY AND WEATHER DATA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Deer mice; hantavirus; MODIS; Peromyscus; prediction; satellites; trophic cascade ID SIN-NOMBRE-VIRUS; HANTAVIRUS-PULMONARY-SYNDROME; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LONG-TERM; GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; RESERVOIR POPULATIONS; MICE AB Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) are the main reservoir host for Sin Nombre virus, the primal), etiologic agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in North America. Sequential changes in weather and plant productivity (trophic cascades) have been noted as likely catalysts of deer mouse population irruptions, and monitoring and modeling of these phenomena may allow for development of early-warning systems for disease risk. Relationships among weather variables, satellite-derived vegetation productivity, and deer mouse populations were examined for a grassland site east oldie Continental Divide and a sage-steppe site west of the Continental Divide in Montana, USA. We acquired monthly deer mouse population data for mid-1994 through 2007 from long-term study sites maintained for monitoring changes in hantavirus reservoir populations, and we compared these with monthly bioclimatology data from the same period and gross primary productivity data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer sensor for 2000-06. We used the Random Forests statistical learning technique to fit a series of predictive models based on temperature, precipitation, and vegetation productivity variables. Although we attempted several iterations of models, including incorporating lag effects and classifying rodent density by seasonal thresholds, our results showed no ability to predict rodent populations using vegetation productivity or weather data. We concluded that trophic cascade connections to rodent population levels may be weaker than originally supposed, may be specific to only certain climatic regions, or may not be detectable using remotely sensed vegetation productivity measures, although weather patterns and vegetation dynamics were positively correlated. C1 [Loehman, Rachel A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Elias, Joran] Univ Montana, Dept Math Sci, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Douglass, Richard J.; Kuenzi, Amy J.] Univ Montana, Dept Biol, Butte, MT 59701 USA. [Mills, James N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathogenesis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wagoner, Kent] Univ Tennessee, Off Inst Res & Assessment, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Loehman, RA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn Fire Sci Lab, 5775 W US Hwy 10, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM raloehman@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Centers for Disease Control [US3/CCU813599-07]; NTH from the INBRE-BRIN of the National Center for Research Resources [P20 RR16455-04]; NASA Headquarters [NGT5]; Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, University of Montana FX Funding for this project was from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control through Cooperative Agreement US3/CCU813599-07. Additional support for manuscript preparation was provided by NTH Grant P20 RR16455-04 from the INBRE-BRIN Program of the National Center for Research Resources. Further support for this research was provided by NASA Headquarters under Earth System Science Fellowship Grant NGT5. We thank Bill Semmens, Kevin Hughes, and Brent Lonner for making this work possible through their longitudinal data collection and processing; Faith Ann Heinsch and Qiaozhen Mu for assistance with acquiring and processing MODIS data; and the students and staff of the Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, University of Montana, for their support. NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2012 VL 48 IS 2 BP 348 EP 360 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 922ZZ UT WOS:000302589000009 PM 22493110 ER PT J AU Sandfoss, MR DePerno, CS Betsill, CW Palamar, MB Erickson, G Kennedy-Stoskopf, S AF Sandfoss, Mark R. DePerno, Christopher S. Betsill, Carl W. Palamar, Maria Baron Erickson, Gene Kennedy-Stoskopf, Suzanne TI A Serosurvey for Brucella suis, Classical Swine Fever Virus, Porcine Circovirus Type 2, and Pseudorabies Virus in Feral Swine (Sus scrofa) of Eastern North Carolina SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Brucella suis; classical swine fever; feral swine; North Carolina; porcine circovirus type 2; pseudorabies virus; Sus scrofa ID HABITAT USE; HOGS; WILD; PIGS AB As feral swine (Sus scrofa) populations expand their range and the opportunity for feral swine hunting increases, there is increased potential for disease transmission that may impact humans, domestic swine, and wildlife. From September 2007 to March 2010, in 13 North Carolina, USA, counties and at Howell Woods Environmental Learning Center, we conducted a serosurvey of feral swine for Brucella suis, pseudorabies virus (PRV), and classical swine fever virus (CSFV); the samples obtained at Howell Woods also were tested for porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2). Feral swine serum was collected from trapped and hunter-harvested swine. For the first time since 2004 when screening began, we detected B. suis antibodies in 9% (9/98) of feral swine at Howell Woods and <1% (1/415) in the North Carolina counties. Also, at Howell Woods, we detected PCV-2 antibodies in 59% (53/90) of feral swine. We did not detect antibodies to PRV (n=512) or CSFV (n=307) at Howell Woods or the 13 North Carolina counties, respectively. The detection of feral swine with antibodies to B. suis for the first time in North Carolina warrants increased surveillance of the feral swine population to evaluate speed of disease spread and to establish the potential risk to commercial swine and humans. C1 [Sandfoss, Mark R.; DePerno, Christopher S.; Palamar, Maria Baron] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Betsill, Carl W.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Raleigh, NC 27617 USA. [Erickson, Gene] Rollins Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Kennedy-Stoskopf, Suzanne] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP DePerno, CS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Turner House,110 Brooks Ave, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM csdepern@ncsu.edu FU Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program; Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources at North Carolina State University; Howell Woods Environmental Learning Center; USDA-APHIS-WS FX This study was funded by the Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program and Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources at North Carolina State University; Howell Woods Environmental Learning Center; and USDA-APHIS-WS National Wildlife Disease Program. We thank T. Ray; C. Barker; the staff of Howell Woods; and all project volunteers, including J. Sasser, M. Rose, J. Parker, C. Ayers, and S. Allen. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 27 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2012 VL 48 IS 2 BP 462 EP 466 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 922ZZ UT WOS:000302589000022 PM 22493123 ER PT J AU Arjunan, N Murugan, K Madhiyazhagan, P Kovendan, K Prasannakumar, K Thangamani, S Barnard, DR AF Arjunan, Nareshkumar Murugan, Kadarkarai Madhiyazhagan, Pari Kovendan, Kalimuthu Prasannakumar, Kanagarajan Thangamani, Sundaram Barnard, Donald R. TI Mosquitocidal and water purification properties of Cynodon dactylon, Aloe vera, Hemidesmus indicus and Coleus amboinicus leaf extracts against the mosquito vectors SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS; PLANT-EXTRACTS; ESSENTIAL OIL; IN-VITRO; CULICIDAE; ANOPHELES; DIPTERA; INSECTICIDE; EFFICACY; LARVAE AB Ethanolic extracts of Cynodon dactylon, Aloe vera, Hemidesmus indicus and Coleus amboinicus were tested for their toxicity effect on the third-instar larvae of Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti. The leaves of C. dactylon, A. vera, H. indicus and C. amboinicus were collected from natural habitats (forests) in Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 250 g of fresh, mature leaves were rinsed with distilled water and dried in shade. The dried leaves were put in Soxhlet apparatus and extract prepared using 100% ethanol for 72 h at 30-40 degrees C. Dried residues were obtained from 100 g of extract evaporated to dryness in rotary vacuum evaporator. Larvicidal properties of ethanolic leaf extracts showed that the extracts are effective as mosquito control agents. The larval mortality was observed after 24 h exposure. No mortality was observed in the control. The median lethal concentration (LC50) values observed for the larvicidal activities are 0.44%, 0.51%, 0.59% and 0.68% for extracts of C. dactylon, A. vera, H. indicus and C. amboinicus, respectively. The observed mortality were statistically significant at P<0.05 level. C. dactylon showed the highest mortality rate against the three species of mosquito larvae in laboratory and field. The selected plants were shown to exhibit water purification properties. Water quality parameters such as turbidity, pH and water clarity were analyzed in the water samples (pre-treatment and post-treatment of plant extracts) taken from the different breeding sites of mosquitoes. Water colour, turbidity and pH were reduced significantly after treatment with C. dactylon (13 HU, 31.5 mg/l and 6.9), H. indicus (13.8 HU, 33 mg/l and 7.1), A. vera (16 HU, 33.8 mg/l and 7.4) and C. amboinicus (21 HU, 35 mg/l and 7.5) extracts. The study proved that the extracts of C. dactylon, A. vera, H. indicus and C. amboinicus have both mosquitocidal and water sedimentation properties. C1 [Arjunan, Nareshkumar; Murugan, Kadarkarai; Madhiyazhagan, Pari; Kovendan, Kalimuthu; Prasannakumar, Kanagarajan; Thangamani, Sundaram] Bharathiar Univ, Div Entomol, Dept Zool, Sch Life Sci, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India. [Barnard, Donald R.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Arjunan, N (reprint author), Bharathiar Univ, Div Entomol, Dept Zool, Sch Life Sci, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India. EM naresharjun06@yahoo.co.in FU Department of Zoology School of Life Sciences Bharathiar, University Coimbatore, India FX This work was made possible through the funds and facilities supplied by the Department of Zoology School of Life Sciences Bharathiar, University Coimbatore, India. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 110 IS 4 BP 1435 EP 1443 DI 10.1007/s00436-011-2646-3 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 926EQ UT WOS:000302814500015 PM 21947308 ER PT J AU Tuan, NT Butte, NF Nicklas, TA AF Tuan, Nguyen T. Butte, Nancy F. Nicklas, Theresa A. TI Body mass index distribution affects discrepancies in weight classifications in children SO PEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE body mass index distribution; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; children; International Obesity Task Force; overweight; puberty; underweight ID SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; SECULAR TRENDS; ADOLESCENT OVERWEIGHT; INTERNATIONAL SURVEY; STANDARD DEFINITION; GROWTH STANDARDS; NATIONAL SAMPLE; HONG-KONG; CDC 2000 AB Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of body mass index (BMI) distribution, ethnicity and age at menarche on the consistency in the prevalence of underweight and overweight defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut-off points in 217-year-old Chinese and US children. Methods: Data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) 1991 (n = 3895), CHNS 2004 (n = 1902), and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 (n = 3344) were used to define the prevalence of underweight and overweight using the CDC and IOTF BMI cut-off points. Results: An upward shift in the BMI distribution was observed from the CHNS 1991 to CHNS 2004, and between the CHNS and NHANES 2004. The prevalence of underweight defined by the IOTF cut-off points was higher than that obtained using the CDC cut-off points; absolute differences between IOTF and CDC classifiers were 7%, 5%, and 2% in boys, and 12%, 11%, and 4% in girls in the CHNS 1991, CHNS 2004, and NHANES 2004, respectively. There was a greater consistency in the prevalence of overweight. The consistency of the two classification systems increased with the higher BMI distribution and was not affected significantly by ethnicity or age at menarche. Conclusions: The BMI distribution of a population can affect the classification of childhood underweight and overweight differentially as defined by the CDC and IOTF cut-off points, and thus should be considered in the interpretation of results in clinical and population settings. C1 [Tuan, Nguyen T.; Butte, Nancy F.; Nicklas, Theresa A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Tuan, NT (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, Room E2608,615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM tuan_72@yahoo.com FU Vietnam Educational Foundation (VEF); USDA/ARS CRIS [6250-51000] FX This study was financially supported by the Vietnam Educational Foundation (VEF) and USDA/ARS CRIS 6250-51000. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1328-8067 J9 PEDIATR INT JI Pediatr. Int. PD APR PY 2012 VL 54 IS 2 BP 256 EP 265 DI 10.1111/j.1442-200X.2011.03539.x PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 927UJ UT WOS:000302935400016 PM 22168359 ER PT J AU Peiffer, GA King, KE Severin, AJ May, GD Cianzio, SR Lin, SF Lauter, NC Shoemaker, RC AF Peiffer, Gregory A. King, Keith E. Severin, Andrew J. May, Gregory D. Cianzio, Silvia R. Lin, Shun Fu Lauter, Nicholas C. Shoemaker, Randy C. TI Identification of Candidate Genes Underlying an Iron Efficiency Quantitative Trait Locus in Soybean SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOTO-CHEMICAL CAPACITY; DEFICIENCY CHLOROSIS; LIMITING FACTORS; RNA-SEQ; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; HIGHER-PLANTS; PROTEIN; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Prevalent on calcareous soils in the United States and abroad, iron deficiency is among the most common and severe nutritional stresses in plants. In soybean (Glycine max) commercial plantings, the identification and use of iron-efficient genotypes has proven to be the best form of managing this soil-related plant stress. Previous studies conducted in soybean identified a significant iron efficiency quantitative trait locus (QTL) explaining more than 70% of the phenotypic variation for the trait. In this research, we identified candidate genes underlying this QTL through molecular breeding, mapping, and transcriptome sequencing. Introgression mapping was performed using two related near-isogenic lines in which a region located on soybean chromosome 3 required for iron efficiency was identified. The region corresponds to the previously reported iron efficiency QTL. The location was further confirmed through QTL mapping conducted in this study. Transcriptome sequencing and quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction identified two genes encoding transcription factors within the region that were significantly induced in soybean roots under iron stress. The two induced transcription factors were identified as homologs of the subgroup lb basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) genes that are known to regulate the strategy I response in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Resequencing of these differentially expressed genes unveiled a significant deletion within a predicted dimerization domain. We hypothesize that this deletion disrupts the Fe-DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (FIT)/bHLH heterodimer that has been shown to induce known iron acquisition genes. C1 [Lauter, Nicholas C.; Shoemaker, Randy C.] USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [May, Gregory D.] Natl Ctr Genome Res, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. [Lin, Shun Fu] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Agron, Taipei, Taiwan. [Peiffer, Gregory A.; King, Keith E.; Severin, Andrew J.; Cianzio, Silvia R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Shoemaker, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM randy.shoemaker@ars.usda.gov OI Lin, Shun-Fu/0000-0002-4358-5024 FU North Central Soybean Research Program; Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture FX This work was supported by the North Central Soybean Research Program and the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 51 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 158 IS 4 BP 1745 EP 1754 DI 10.1104/pp.111.189860 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 928RQ UT WOS:000303001400021 PM 22319075 ER PT J AU Avila, CA Arevalo-Soliz, LM Jia, LL Navarre, DA Chen, Z Howe, GA Meng, QW Smith, JE Goggin, FL AF Avila, Carlos A. Arevalo-Soliz, Lirio M. Jia, Lingling Navarre, Duroy A. Chen, Zhaorigetu Howe, Gregg A. Meng, Qing-Wei Smith, Jonathon E. Goggin, Fiona L. TI Loss of Function of FATTY ACID DESATURASE7 in Tomato Enhances Basal Aphid Resistance in a Salicylate-Dependent Manner SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPLAST OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACID DESATURASE; SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; GREEN PEACH APHID; ANTISENSE-MEDIATED DEPLETION; DEFENSE GENE-EXPRESSION; PHLOEM-FEEDING INSECTS; JASMONIC ACID; PLANT-DEFENSE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MYZUS-PERSICAE AB We report here that disruption of function of the omega-3 FATTY ACID DESATURASE7 (FAD7) enhances plant defenses against aphids. The suppressor of prosystemin-mediated responses2 (spr2) mutation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), which eliminates the function of FAD7, reduces the settling behavior, survival, and fecundity of the potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae). Likewise, the antisense suppression of LeFAD7 expression in wild-type tomato plants reduces aphid infestations. Aphid resistance in the spr2 mutant is associated with enhanced levels of salicylic acid (SA) and mRNA encoding the pathogenesis-related protein P4. Introduction of the Naphthalene/salicylate hydroxylase transgene, which suppresses SA accumulation, restores wild-type levels of aphid susceptibility to spr2. Resistance in spr2 is also lost when we utilize virus-induced gene silencing to suppress the expression of NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS1 (NPR1), a positive regulator of many SA-dependent defenses. These results indicate that FAD7 suppresses defenses against aphids that are mediated through SA and NPR1. Although loss of function of FAD7 also inhibits the synthesis of jasmonate (JA), the effects of this desaturase on aphid resistance are not dependent on JA; other mutants impaired in JA synthesis (acx1) or perception (jai1-1) show wild-type levels of aphid susceptibility, and spr2 retains aphid resistance when treated with methyl jasmonate. Thus, FAD7 may influence JA-dependent defenses against chewing insects and SA-dependent defenses against aphids through independent effects on JA synthesis and SA signaling. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants Atfad7-2 and Atfad7-1fad8 also show enhanced resistance to the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) compared with wild-type controls, indicating that FAD7 influences plant-aphid interactions in at least two plant families. C1 [Avila, Carlos A.; Arevalo-Soliz, Lirio M.; Jia, Lingling; Chen, Zhaorigetu; Goggin, Fiona L.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Smith, Jonathon E.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Navarre, Duroy A.] Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Howe, Gregg A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Energy, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Meng, Qing-Wei] Shandong Agr Univ, State Key Lab Crop Biol, Coll Life Sci, Tai An 271018, Shandong, Peoples R China. RP Goggin, FL (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM fgoggin@uark.edu FU National Science Foundation [IOS 0951287]; Arkansas Advancing and Supporting Science, Engineering, and Technology Initiative (ASSET) [EPS-0701890]; Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no. IOS 0951287), the Arkansas Advancing and Supporting Science, Engineering, and Technology Initiative (ASSET; grant no. EPS-0701890), and the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 106 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 6 U2 62 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 158 IS 4 BP 2028 EP 2041 DI 10.1104/pp.111.191262 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 928RQ UT WOS:000303001400043 PM 22291202 ER PT J AU Zheng, LY Crippen, TL Sheffield, CL Poole, TL Yu, ZN Tomberlin, JK AF Zheng, Longyu Crippen, Tawni L. Sheffield, Cynthia L. Poole, Toni L. Yu, Ziniu Tomberlin, Jeffrey K. TI Evaluation of Salmonella Movement Through the Gut of the Lesser Mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Alphitobius diaperinus; Bacteria; Darkling beetle; Gut transit time; Lesser mealworm; Salmonella ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; RESERVOIR COMPETENCE; FEEDING RATE; TURKEY CORONAVIRUS; RESIDENCE TIME; POULTRY; HOUSES; TRANSMISSION; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; EUBACTERIALES AB Aims: The lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus is an important poultry pest prevalent during production that is capable of vectoring pathogens. This study was undertaken to determine the gut transit time of Salmonella for biosecurity risk analysis of pathogen dispersal into the environment. Methods: Adult and larval A. diaperinus were exposed to two concentrations of a fluorescently labeled Salmonella enterica for 15, 30, and 60 min time periods then externally disinfected to evaluate internal transfer of Salmonella. The insects were monitored every 30 min over 4 h and evacuated frass (feces) processed for the marker Salmonella. The minimum time monitored was 45min (15 exposure + 30 min time point), and the maximum was 5 h (60 exposure + 4 h time point). Results: Adults treated with 10(6) or 10(8) colony-forming units (cfu)/mL, which produced Salmonella positive frass within the 5 h experimental time, displayed a mean gut transit time of 144.4 min (range 90-270 min) and 186.3 min (range 120-300 min), respectively. Larvae treated with 10(6) or 10(8) cfu/mL displayed a mean gut transit time of 172.5 min (range 120-300 min) and 131.7 min (range 60-300 min), respectively. Significance and Impact of Study: Understanding the sources and contribution of reservoir populations of pathogens in poultry production operations is important for development of biosecurity measures to mitigate their transfer. A. diaperinus are prevalent in production operations and difficult to suppress. Management standards accept the reutilization of litter in which insects survive between flock rotations. Removing litter and spreading it onto nearby fields results in the inadvertent dispersal of beetles. Few studies demonstrating the specific bacterial dispersal capacities of these insects have been performed. This study determined that Salmonella acquired internally, commonly transits the gut, allowed the insect to disperse viable pathogenic bacteria within 2-3h. C1 [Crippen, Tawni L.; Sheffield, Cynthia L.; Poole, Toni L.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Zheng, Longyu; Yu, Ziniu] Huazhong Agr Univ, State Key Lab Agr Microbiol, Natl Engn Res Ctr Microbial Pesticides, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Zheng, Longyu; Tomberlin, Jeffrey K.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Crippen, TL (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM tc.crippen@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD APR PY 2012 VL 12 IS 4 BP 287 EP 292 DI 10.1089/vbz.2011.0613 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 925OC UT WOS:000302769700004 PM 22022817 ER PT J AU Yang, ZH Wu, R Li, RW Li, L Xiong, ZL Zhao, HZ Guo, DY Pan, ZS AF Yang, Zhenhua Wu, Rui Li, Robert W. Li, Ling Xiong, Zhongliang Zhao, Haizhong Guo, Deyin Pan, Zishu TI Chimeric classical swine fever (CSF)-Japanese encephalitis (JE) viral replicon as a non-transmissible vaccine candidate against CSF and JE infections SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Classical swine fever virus; Japanese encephalitis virus; Chimeric; Trans-complementation ID VIRUS ENVELOPE PROTEIN; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; E-RNS; LETHAL CHALLENGE; E2 GLYCOPROTEIN; MARKER VACCINES; HIGHLY VIRULENT; RHESUS-MONKEYS; CELL-CULTURE; PESTIVIRUS AB A trans-complemented chimeric CSF-JE virus replicon was constructed using an infectious cDNA clone of the CSF virus (CSFV) Alfort/187 strain. The CSFV E2 gene was deleted, and a fragment containing the region encoding a truncated envelope protein (tE, amino acid 292-402, domain III) of JE virus (JEV) was inserted into the resultant plasmid, pA187delE2, to generate the recombinant cDNA clone pA187delE2/JEV-tE. Porcine kidney 15 (PK15) cells that constitutively express the CSFV E2p7 proteins were then transfected with in vitro-transcribed RNA from pA187delE2/JEV-tE. As a result, the chimeric CSF-JE virus replicon particle (VRP), rv187delE2/JEV-tE, was rescued. In a mouse model, immunization with the chimeric CSF-JE VRP induced strong production of JEV-specific antibody and conferred protection against a lethal JEV challenge. Pigs immunized with CSF-JE VRP displayed strong anti-CSFV and anti-JEV antibody responses and protection against CSFV and JEV challenge infections. Our evidence suggests that E2-complemented CSF-JE VRP not only has potential as a live-attenuated non-transmissible vaccine candidate against CSF and JE but also serves as a potential DIVA (Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals) vaccine for CSF in pigs. Together, our data suggest that the non-transmissible chimeric VEP expressing foreign antigenic proteins may represent a promising strategy for bivalent DIVA vaccine design. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, Zhenhua; Wu, Rui; Li, Ling; Guo, Deyin; Pan, Zishu] Wuhan Univ, Coll Life Sci, State Key Lab Virol, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. [Li, Robert W.] ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Xiong, Zhongliang; Zhao, Haizhong] Hubei Acad Agr Sci, Inst Anim Husb & Vet Sci, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. RP Pan, ZS (reprint author), Wuhan Univ, Coll Life Sci, State Key Lab Virol, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. EM zspan@whu.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30771597, 31070134] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30771597 and 31070134). We were grateful to Dr. N. Ruggli and Dr. J.-D. Tratschin for kindly providing plasmid pA187 containing the cDNA consensus sequences of CSFV strain Alfort/187 and to Dr. E. Weiland for kindly providing the E2 mAb. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 165 IS 1 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.01.007 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 928IQ UT WOS:000302976800008 PM 22285514 ER PT J AU Novy, RG Whitworth, JL Stark, JC Charlton, BA Yilma, S Knowles, NR Pavek, MJ Brandt, TL Gupta, S Olsen, N Thornton, M Brown, CR Corsini, DL Pavek, JJ James, SR Hane, DC Lozoya-Saldana, H Vales, MI AF Novy, R. G. Whitworth, J. L. Stark, J. C. Charlton, B. A. Yilma, S. Knowles, N. R. Pavek, M. J. Brandt, T. L. Gupta, S. Olsen, N. Thornton, M. Brown, C. R. Corsini, D. L. Pavek, J. J. James, S. R. Hane, D. C. Lozoya-Saldana, H. Vales, M. I. TI Palisade Russet: A Late Blight Resistant Potato Cultivar Having a Low Incidence of Sugar Ends and High Specific Gravity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; Breeding; Variety; Processing; Pink rot resistance; Black dot resistance; Verticillium wilt resistance ID GERMPLASM; QUALITY; VARIETY; DISEASE; FOLIAR AB Palisade Russet is a medium-late maturing, lightly russeted potato cultivar notable for its resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans) infection of foliage and tuber. Palisade Russet is suitable for processing with low tuber glucose concentrations observed following long-term storage at a temperature as low as 5.6A degrees C with consistently acceptable fry color scores (USDA value a parts per thousand currency sign2.0) following storage at temperatures of 5.6 to 8.9A degrees C. Reducing sugars are also maintained uniformly throughout the tuber, resulting in a low incidence of sugar ends in French fries relative to standard processing cultivars such as Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet. Palisade Russet has shown high specific gravities in western production regions of the U.S. which may limit its acceptance by the western processing industry. However, in potato production regions with inherently low specific gravities, Palisade Russet could have potential as a processing cultivar. In full-season trials conducted in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington over a 5 year period, the average total yield of Palisade Russet across all three states was very similar to yields observed for Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank. However, the U.S. No. 1 yield of Palisade Russet was 3% and 31% higher relative to Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank, respectively. In addition to late blight, Palisade Russet is also resistant to Verticillium wilt, black dot, and pink rot, and has a moderate level of resistance to net necrosis, PVY, and early blight of both the foliage and tuber. The disease resistances of Palisade Russet make it a good candidate for organic production, or for use by growers seeking reduced pesticide inputs. Palisade Russet displays a low incidence of second growth and growth cracks, especially relative to Russet Burbank, and is intermediate between Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank for incidence of hollow heart/brown center. Blackspot bruise expression for Palisade Russet is less pronounced than for either Ranger Russet or Russet Burbank, however it is slightly more susceptible to shatter bruise. Palisade Russet was released in 2011 by the USDA-ARS and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, and is a product of the Pacific Northwest Potato Variety (Tri-State) Development Program. C1 [Novy, R. G.; Whitworth, J. L.] ARS, USDA, Aberdeen Res & Extens R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Stark, J. C.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls R&E Ctr, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. [Charlton, B. A.] Oregon State Univ, Klamath Basin R&E Ctr, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. [Yilma, S.; James, S. R.; Hane, D. C.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Knowles, N. R.; Pavek, M. J.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Brandt, T. L.; Gupta, S.; Olsen, N.] Univ Idaho, Twin Falls R&E Ctr, Twin Falls, ID 83303 USA. [Thornton, M.] Univ Idaho, SW Idaho R&E Ctr, Parma, ID 83660 USA. [Brown, C. R.] ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Lozoya-Saldana, H.] Univ Chapingo, Dept Plant Sci, PICTIPAPA, Chapingo 56230, State Of Mexico, Mexico. [Vales, M. I.] Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Novy, RG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aberdeen Res & Extens R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM Rich.Novy@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/CSREES FX The authors thank Margaret Bain, Mel Chapel, Mary Jo Frazier, Nora Fuller, Darren Hall, Mark Fristad, Zach Holden, Charlene Miller, Tom Salaiz, Brian Schneider, Lura Schroeder, Penny Tubbs, and Steve Wheeler for their contributions to the development and release of Palisade Russet, as well as Kathy Haynes, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD for her review and suggestions for improvement of the manuscript prior to submission for publication. We also thank Lori Ewing, University of Idaho, for her efforts in establishing pathogen-free in vitro plantlets of Palisade Russet, as well as our industry cooperators, our collaborators in the Western Regional Potato Variety Trials, and the Idaho, Washington, and Oregon potato commissions. Development of Palisade Russet was partially funded by the USDA/CSREES Special Potato Program Grant. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 89 IS 2 BP 89 EP 101 DI 10.1007/s12230-011-9224-1 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 921JD UT WOS:000302473000001 ER PT J AU Nikolaeva, OV Roop, DJ Galvino-Costa, SBF Figueira, AD Gray, SM Karasev, AV AF Nikolaeva, Olga V. Roop, Daniel J. Galvino-Costa, Suellen B. F. Figueira, Antonia dos Reis Gray, Stewart M. Karasev, Alexander V. TI Epitope Mapping for Monoclonal Antibodies Recognizing Tuber Necrotic Isolates of Potato Virus Y SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PVY; Serotype; Tuber necrosis ID SEROLOGICAL PROPERTIES; UNITED-STATES; PVY STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; CANADA AB Potato virus Y (PVY) is an important viral pathogen of potato responsible for reducing tuber yield and quality across the globe. The PVYN and PVYNTN strains, the latter of which induces potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease (PTNRD), are regulated for international potato trade, and have been routinely detected using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that discriminate between PVYN and PVYO serotypes. Here, we identify the distinct binding sites in the capsid protein of PVY for three of the four main PVYN-specific MAbs, Bioreba-N, SASA-N, and Neogen-N, available commercially. These binding domains were mapped through a combination of TAS-ELISA testing of MAbs on multiple reference isolates of PVY, sequence analysis, heterologous expression of capsid protein fragments, and synthetic peptide binding experiments. All three MAbs were found to bind linear epitopes located within the first 31 N-terminal amino acids of the capsid protein. Bioreba-N MAb epitope spanned aa 1-17 and included three positions, aa 1, aa 11, and aa 17, which differ between PVYN and PVYO serotypes. Both SASA-N and Neogen-N epitopes spanned aa 22-30, and included two positions, aa 24 and aa 29, which differ between PVYN and PVYO serotypes. Epitopes for SASA-N and Neogen-N MAbs are likely to be identical or overlapping. Examination of available sequences for tuber necrotic isolates of PVY that do not react with PVYN-specific MAbs SASA-N and Neogen-N indicated possible selection for substitutions in corresponding epitopes leading to the loss of reactivity towards these antibodies. The data obtained suggested that testing with more than one PVYN serotype-specific MAb could assure a reliable serological identification of a PVYN or PVYNTN isolate. C1 [Nikolaeva, Olga V.; Roop, Daniel J.; Galvino-Costa, Suellen B. F.; Karasev, Alexander V.] Univ Idaho, Dept PSES, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Galvino-Costa, Suellen B. F.; Figueira, Antonia dos Reis] Univ Fed Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. [Gray, Stewart M.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Karasev, Alexander V.] Univ Idaho, Bioinformat & Computat Biol Program, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Karasev, AV (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept PSES, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM akarasev@uidaho.edu FU USDA-NIFA-NRI [2009-35600-05025]; USDA-NIFA-SCRI [2009-51181-05894]; USDA-ARS [58-5354-7-540]; Idaho Potato Commission; CNPq, Federal Government of Brazil; NIH [P20 RR016454] FX The authors would like to thank Elizabeth Kmieciak for help in some immunoassays. This work was supported in part through grants from USDA-NIFA-NRI (#2009-35600-05025), USDA-NIFA-SCRI (#2009-51181-05894), the USDA-ARS Cooperative Agreement 58-5354-7-540, and the Idaho Potato Commission. Suellen Galvino Costa was a recipient of an international graduate fellowship from CNPq, Federal Government of Brazil. D.J. Roop was a recipient of an Idaho INBRE undergraduate fellowship funded through the NIH Grant # P20 RR016454. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 89 IS 2 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1007/s12230-012-9233-8 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 921JD UT WOS:000302473000004 ER PT J AU Whitworth, JL Hamm, PB Nolte, P AF Whitworth, Jonathan L. Hamm, Philip B. Nolte, Phillip TI Distribution of Potato virus Y Strains in Tubers during the Post-Harvest Period SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ELISA; RT-PCR; PVY; Virus detection ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ARTIFICIAL BREAK; DORMANCY; ELISA; PCR AB Russet Burbank, Russet Norkotah, and Shepody tubers infected with Potato virus Y strains (PVYO, PVYN:O, PVYNTN) were tested from storage at 4A degrees C at the initiation of sprouting and then the same tubers were tested again from storage at 4A degrees C seventy eight days later. Samples were taken from eyes in the stem, middle, and bud (distal end) areas of the tubers. Testing of the samples was done with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and negative samples were retested using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR). The ELISA alone and the ELISA+PCR combined results were evaluated for each of the strains, sample locations, sample time, and cultivar. Results show that ELISA underestimated the actual percentage of tubers with virus. When test results were combined to show a more accurate percentage, PVYN:O was unevenly distributed in some cultivars, but PVYO and PVYNTN were evenly distributed 78 days after initial sprouting. Results show that protocols for PVY post-harvest testing used by state seed certification agencies should be written to specify the amount of time needed before sampling and that specific protocols may be needed based on cultivar in order to accurately detect PVY in tuber samples. C1 [Whitworth, Jonathan L.] ARS, USDA, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Hamm, Philip B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Hermiston Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. [Nolte, Phillip] Univ Idaho, Plant Soils & Entomol Sci Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Whitworth, JL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM Jonathan.Whitworth@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/CREES FX The authors thank Penny Tubbs, Darren Hall, Melinda Bateman, Melissa Bertram, and Jill Randall for their assistance in conducting this research. This work was partially funded by the USDA/CREES Special Potato Grant Program. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 89 IS 2 BP 136 EP 141 DI 10.1007/s12230-012-9235-6 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 921JD UT WOS:000302473000006 ER PT J AU Bamberg, J Miller, JC AF Bamberg, John Miller, J. Creighton, Jr. TI Comparisons of ga1 with Other Reputed Gibberellin Mutants in Potato SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; ALLELE AB Gibberellin deficient mutants in potato have been published as ga1 (from S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum and andigena), pito (from the tuberosum cultivar Pito), and ga2 (from the phureja haploid inducing clone "1.22"). We conducted crossing experiments to investigate genetic similarities. When the cultivar Pito was testcrossed with ga1 4x dwarfs, 1/6 of progeny were dwarf, exactly the expectation if Pito is duplex for ga1. Cultivars Pito and known ga1-carriers Superior and Eramosa all have ga1-carrier Early Rose as a common parent, supporting a hypothesis that the mutant described as pito is actually the same allele as ga1 by common descent. When reputed ga2 heterozygous carrier 1.22 was ga1 testcrossed, only one of 418 progeny was dwarf, suggesting that ga1 and ga2 are not allelic. We then attempted to create mutant ga2 in homozygous form. Since 1.22 does not self, it was outcrossed to individuals from S. bukasovii and S. microdontum populations devoid of dwarfs, then backcrossed to 1.22. No dwarfs were found in over 30,000 BC progeny of 44 different F-1 hybrids. A possible explanation is that the ga2 mutant may be present only in a particular clonal sport of 1.22 in which it was reported, and not in the original 1.22 clone tested at the US Potato Genebank. Like pito, ga2 may be identical or allelic to ga1, since mutation from the normal to ga1 dwarf allele in 1.22 pollen was evident in the single dwarf recovered in the ga1 testcross progeny of 1.22. Some special genetic mechanism for relatively frequent mutation at this locus must be present, since normal shoots that occasionally arise on dwarf plants show that the recessive ga1 can also spontaneously revert to the dominant functional allele, as confirmed by testcrosses. However, this phenomenon does not appear to explain spontaneous clonal sports of cv Russet Norkotah selected for agronomic characters, which one might expect to result from the presence of more gibberellin-producing alleles. C1 [Bamberg, John] ARS, USDA, US Potato Genebank, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. [Miller, J. Creighton, Jr.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Bamberg, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Potato Genebank, 4312 Hwy 42, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. EM John.Bamberg@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 89 IS 2 BP 142 EP 149 DI 10.1007/s12230-012-9236-5 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 921JD UT WOS:000302473000007 ER PT J AU Buchman, JL Fisher, TW Sengoda, VG Munyaneza, JE AF Buchman, Jeremy L. Fisher, Tonja W. Sengoda, Venkatesan G. Munyaneza, Joseph E. TI Zebra Chip Progression: From Inoculation of Potato Plants with Liberibacter to Development of Disease Symptoms in Tubers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Potato psyllid; Liberibacter; Potato; Zebra chip; Disease progression ID HEMIPTERA TRIOZIDAE; PSYLLID YELLOWS; SOLANACEARUM; ASSOCIATION; TRANSMISSION; PCR AB Zebra chip (ZC), a new and serious disease of potatoes, has caused millions of dollars in losses to the potato industry in the United States, Mexico, Central America, and New Zealand. The disease has been associated with the bacterium "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" transmitted to potato by the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (ulc). The most characteristic symptoms of ZC develop in potato tubers and include browning of vascular tissue concomitant with necrotic flecking of internal tissues and streaking of the medullary ray tissues, all of which can affect the entire tuber. Upon tuber frying, these symptoms become more pronounced and potato chips or fries processed from ZC-affected tubers show very dark blotches, stripes, or streaks, rendering them commercially unacceptable. Field experiments were conducted to determine how rapidly ZC symptoms develop in potato tubers following plant exposure to liberibacter-infective potato psyllids and to assess how the disease affects the overall potato yield and tuber processing quality over time. Results indicated that ZC symptoms developed in potato tubers 3 weeks following plant exposure to psyllids. Tuber development ceased upon the onset of ZC symptoms, resulting in substantial yield loss. Levels of tuber solids decreased as soon as initial disease symptoms were observed. In contrast, reducing sugar levels in tubers increased dramatically upon the onset of ZC symptoms, significantly affecting potato processing quality. This information, in combination with effective psyllid monitoring and control, will assist potato producers make harvest timing decisions following infestations of potato psyllids in their fields to minimize damage caused by ZC. C1 [Buchman, Jeremy L.; Fisher, Tonja W.; Sengoda, Venkatesan G.; Munyaneza, Joseph E.] ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Buchman, Jeremy L.] Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Munyaneza, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM joseph.munyaneza@ars.usda.gov FU Frito Lay, Inc.; USDA-ARS; Texas Department of Agriculture and Texas AgriLife; USDA-RAMP [2009-51101-05892]; USDA-SCRI [2009-51181-20176] FX We are grateful to Jerry Gefre, Blaine Heilman, and Millie Heidt for their invaluable technical assistance. Financial support for this work was partially provided by Frito Lay, Inc., USDA-ARS State Cooperative Potato Research Program, Texas Department of Agriculture and Texas AgriLife, USDA-RAMP (Project # 2009-51101-05892) and USDA-SCRI (Project #2009-51181-20176). NR 27 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 89 IS 2 BP 159 EP 168 DI 10.1007/s12230-012-9238-3 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 921JD UT WOS:000302473000009 ER PT J AU Barrett, TM Latta, G Hennon, PE Eskelson, BNI Temesgen, H AF Barrett, Tara M. Latta, Greg Hennon, Paul E. Eskelson, Bianca N. I. Temesgen, Hailemariam TI Host-parasite distributions under changing climate: Tsuga heterophylla and Arceuthobium tsugense in Alaska SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DWARF MISTLETOE INFECTION; SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; WESTERN HEMLOCK; SOLAR-RADIATION; MODEL; RESOURCE; NEIGHBOR; FORESTS; INTENSIFICATION; TEMPERATURES AB Dwarf mistletoes (Arceuthobium species) influence many processes within forested ecosystems, but few studies have examined their distribution in relation to climate. An analysis of 1549 forested plots within a 14.5 million ha region of southeast Alaska provided strong indications that climate currently limits hemlock dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium tsugense (Rosendahl) G.N. Jones) to a subset of the range of its primary tree host, western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), with infection varying from a high of 20% of trees at sea level to only 5% by 200 m elevation. Three types of modeling approaches (logistic, most similar neighbors, and random forests) were tested for the ability to simultaneously predict abundance and distribution of host and pathogen as a function of climate variables. Current distribution was explained well by logistic models using growing degree-days, indirect and direct solar radiation, rainfall, snowfall, slope, and minimum temperatures, although accuracy for predicting A. tsugense presence at a particular location was only 38%. For future climate scenarios (A1B, A2, and B1), projected increases for A. tsugense habitat over a century ranged from a low of 374% to a high of 757%, with differences between modeling approaches contributing more to uncertainty than differences between climate scenarios. C1 [Barrett, Tara M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Latta, Greg; Eskelson, Bianca N. I.; Temesgen, Hailemariam] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hennon, Paul E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Barrett, TM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3301 C St,Suite 200, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM tbarrett@fs.fed.us RI Eskelson, Bianca/P-6095-2016 OI Eskelson, Bianca/0000-0002-3398-2333 NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 12 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2012 VL 42 IS 4 BP 642 EP 656 DI 10.1139/X2012-016 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 918CL UT WOS:000302226700002 ER PT J AU Butnor, JR Johnsen, KH Sanchez, FG Nelson, CD AF Butnor, J. R. Johnsen, K. H. Sanchez, F. G. Nelson, C. D. TI Impacts of pine species, stump removal, cultivation, and fertilization on soil properties half a century after planting SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; FOREST MANAGEMENT; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; GROWTH; PLANTATIONS; SEEDLINGS; DENSITY; SITE AB To better understand the long-term effects of species selection and forest management practices on soil quality and soil C retention, we analyzed soil samples from an experimental planting of loblolly (Pinus taeda L.), longleaf (Pinus palustris Mill.), and slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) pines under different management intensities in Mississippi. The treatments included stump removal and cultivation (CULT), a one-time application of fertilizer combined with stump removal and cultivation (CULT+F), and a control (CON). After 49 years, pine species had no significant effect on any soil physical or chemical parameter examined, despite species differences in basal area. CULT exhibited significantly higher soil bulk density and lower soil C and soil N than CON and CULT+F in the upper 10 cm of soil. Stump removal is not a common practice in southern pine silviculture today; however, as demand for bioenergy fuels or feedstocks increases, more complete biomass utilization will be considered. Residual stumps play an important role in soil nutrient and C retention in pine plantations. Our results show that stump removal can lead to reduced soil C (-21%) and soil N (-35%) compared with controls, although it is possible to mitigate nutrient losses on poor sites with fertilization. C1 [Butnor, J. R.] Univ Vermont, US Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Ecosyst Biol, So Res Stn,USDA,Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Johnsen, K. H.] US Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Ecosyst Biol, So Res Stn, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27713 USA. [Sanchez, F. G.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Nelson, C. D.] US Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, So Res Stn, USDA, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. RP Butnor, JR (reprint author), Univ Vermont, US Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Ecosyst Biol, So Res Stn,USDA,Aiken Ctr, 81 Carrigan Dr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM jbutnor@fs.fed.us RI Butnor, John/P-9738-2016 NR 37 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 27 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2012 VL 42 IS 4 BP 675 EP 685 DI 10.1139/X2012-024 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 918CL UT WOS:000302226700005 ER PT J AU Long, RP Brose, PH Horsley, SB AF Long, Robert P. Brose, Patrick H. Horsley, Stephen B. TI Responses of northern red oak seedlings to lime and deer exclosure fencing in Pennsylvania SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; SUGAR MAPLE; LONG-TERM; HEMISPHERICAL PHOTOGRAPHY; HARDWOOD FOREST; ACID-RAIN; GROWTH; SOIL; IMPACT; MANGANESE AB In Pennsylvania, two hypotheses compete to explain the chronic oak (Quercus spp.) regeneration problem: excessive deer browsing and soil cation depletion. We tested these hypotheses by evaluating the effect of forest liming and deer exclosure fencing on northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedling growth and nutrition in five oak shelterwood stands in Pennsylvania over 6 years. In each stand, four planting plots were located inside a 2.4 m high woven wire fence and another four were established outside the fence. About 225 northern red oak acorns were planted in each plot in spring 2004. Dolomitic limestone was applied to randomly selected plots at rates of 0, 4.5, 9.0, and 13.5 Mg.ha(-1) during May 2004. There were no statistically significant (P <= 0.05) growth responses to lime applications. The only significant growth responses resulted from the fence versus no-fence treatment. A significant (P < 0.003) fence x year interaction for seedling height and root collar diameter indicates differential impacts of deer browsing. By 2009, seedlings inside fences averaged 32 cm tall, while seedlings outside the fences averaged 17 cm. Similarly, root collar diameter averaged 6.6 mm outside the fences and 9.1 mm inside fences. C1 [Long, Robert P.; Brose, Patrick H.; Horsley, Stephen B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. RP Long, RP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, POB 267, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. EM rlong@fs.fed.us FU Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry FX We are grateful to the Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry for providing financial support, study sites, and logistical assistance with this study. We also thank the Pennsylvania Game Commission for providing a study site and for logistical support. We thank the dedicated technicians who assisted in many phases of this study: Wendy Andersen, Eric Baxter, Robert Brown, Brent Carlson, Timothy Fox, Joshua Hanson, Joan Jolliff, Lance Myen, Ty Ryen, and Gregory Sanford. Cori Weldon assisted with data management and John Stanovick, statistician for the Northern Research Station, provided valuable statistical consultation. We also thank Drs. Mary Beth Adams, Russell D. Briggs, and Todd F. Hutchinson and two anonymous reviewers for helpful reviews of earlier drafts of this manuscript. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the US Department of Agriculture or the Forest Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 25 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2012 VL 42 IS 4 BP 698 EP 709 DI 10.1139/X2012-025 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 918CL UT WOS:000302226700007 ER PT J AU Millar, CI Westfall, RD Delany, DL Bokach, MJ Flint, AL Flint, LE AF Millar, Constance I. Westfall, Robert D. Delany, Diane L. Bokach, Matthew J. Flint, Alan L. Flint, Lorraine E. TI Forest mortality in high-elevation whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) forests of eastern California, USA; influence of environmental context, bark beetles, climatic water deficit, and warming SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID YOSEMITE-NATIONAL-PARK; INDUCED TREE MORTALITY; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; BLISTER RUST; SIERRA-NEVADA; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; DROUGHT; OSCILLATION AB Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) in subalpine zones of eastern California experienced significant mortality from 2007 to 2010. Dying stands were dense (mean basal area 47.5 m(2)/ha), young (mean 176 years), and even-age; mean stand mortality was 70%. Stands were at low elevations (mean 2993 m), on northerly aspects, and experienced warmer, drier climates relative to the regional species distribution. White pine blister rust was not observed; mountain pine beetle infestations were extensive. Ring widths were negatively correlated with climatic water deficit and positively correlated with water-year precipitation. Although trees that survived had greater growth during the 20th century than trees that died, in the 19th century trees that eventually died grew better than trees that survived, suggesting selection for genetic adaptation to current climates as a result of differential tree mortality. Air surveys (2006-2010) in the Sierra Nevada, Mt. Shasta, and Warner Mountains showed similar trends to the intensive studies. Observed mortality from air surveys was highest in the Warner Mountains (38%) and lowest in the Sierra Nevada (5%); northern aspects at lower elevations within each mountain region had the highest probabilities of mortality and dying stands had higher climatic water deficit. Scenarios for the future of whitebark pine in California are discussed. C1 [Millar, Constance I.; Westfall, Robert D.; Delany, Diane L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Bokach, Matthew J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Flint, Alan L.; Flint, Lorraine E.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Millar, CI (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM cmillar@fs.fed.us OI Westfall, Bob/0000-0002-8315-3322 NR 63 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 82 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2012 VL 42 IS 4 BP 749 EP 765 DI 10.1139/X2012-031 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 918CL UT WOS:000302226700011 ER PT J AU Albrecht, E Zhang, DP Saftner, RA Stommel, JR AF Albrecht, Elena Zhang, Dapeng Saftner, Robert A. Stommel, John R. TI Genetic diversity and population structure of Capsicum baccatum genetic resources SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE AFLP; Cluster analysis; Domestication; Germplasm; Pepper; Taxonomy ID CHILI-PEPPERS CAPSICUM; GENUS CAPSICUM; DOMESTICATED POPULATIONS; CULTIVATED PLANTS; ANNUUM SOLANACEAE; WILD; EVOLUTION; MEXICO; AFLP; POLYMORPHISM AB Capsicum baccatum is one of five domesticated pepper species which, despite its morphological and ecological variability, has been underexploited for germplasm improvement. Utilizing a broad spectrum of domesticated and wild C. baccatum germplasm, we utilize AFLP markers to describe the species' molecular diversity and population structure in the South American gene pool. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed greater genetic diversity in the wild form of C. baccatum (C. baccatum var. baccatum) than in the domesticated form of the species (C. baccatum var. pendulum). Both Bayesian and distance based clustering analysis, as well as principal coordinates analysis (PCA), concordantly demonstrated admixture/shared ancestry between wild and cultivated C. baccatum botanical varieties. Two principal genetic groups were identified in the domesticated C. baccatum accessions largely based on their geographic distribution in South America. One group was predominated by accessions from the western territories of the species' distribution (Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile and northwestern Argentina) and the second by accessions from the eastern regions, Paraguay and eastern Argentina). The two genetic groups overlapped in the geographic location of present-day Bolivia. The grouping pattern suggested that C. baccatum was domesticated in multiple sites and that its evolution took two lineages followed by lineage differentiation. The wild accessions most closely related to the cultigens were found in the highlands of Peru and Bolivia, which support the early hypothesis that this region is one of the domestication sites of this species. A Bayesian assignment analysis demonstrated that Brazilian wild forms of C. baccatum were genetically distant to all other accessions and made little to no contribution to the domesticated genepool. Moreover, results of clustering analysis suggested that C. baccatum likely originated from present day Paraguay. Analysis of inter-specific relationships across selected Capsicum species supported independent lineages for the two crossability groups within Capsicum, the baccatum species-complex (including C. baccatum) and the annuum species-complex (including C. annuum, C. chinense and C. frutescens). However, the results did not support taxonomic distinction of C. baccatum var. umbilicatum from C. baccatum var. pendulum. The present study provides new insights into the domestication of C. baccatum. The results will be useful for identifying accessions for crop improvement and guiding the development of in situ and ex situ conservation programs. C1 [Stommel, John R.] ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci,USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Albrecht, Elena] Keygene Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Zhang, Dapeng] ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci,USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Saftner, Robert A.] ARS, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci,USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Stommel, JR (reprint author), ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci,USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM john.stommel@ars.usda.gov FU Keygene Inc. [58-3K95-8-1253] FX We thank Joshua Simpson, City University of New York, for assistance with ArcGI. This work was supported by a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (58-3K95-8-1253) with Keygene Inc. Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 64 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 59 IS 4 BP 517 EP 538 DI 10.1007/s10722-011-9700-y PG 22 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 920BB UT WOS:000302374900005 ER PT J AU Loope, WL Loope, HM Goble, RJ Fisher, TG Lytle, DE Legg, RJ Wysocki, DA Hanson, PR Young, AR AF Loope, Walter L. Loope, Henry M. Goble, Ronald J. Fisher, Timothy G. Lytle, David E. Legg, Robert J. Wysocki, Douglas A. Hanson, Paul R. Young, Aaron R. TI Drought drove forest decline and dune building in eastern upper Michigan, USA, as the upper Great Lakes became closed basins SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN MICHIGAN; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; UPPER PENINSULA; HOLOCENE; CLIMATE; SUPERIOR; SAND; VEGETATION; LEVEL; DUNEFIELD AB Current models of landscape response to Holocene climate change in midcontinent North America largely reconcile Earth orbital and atmospheric climate forcing with pollen-based forest histories on the east and eolian chronologies in Great Plains grasslands on the west. However, thousands of sand dunes spread across 12,000 km(2) in eastern upper Michigan (EUM), more than 500 km east of the present forest-prairie ecotone, present a challenge to such models. We use 65 optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages on quartz sand deposited in silt caps (n = 8) and dunes (n = 57) to document eolian activity in EUM. Dune building was widespread ca. 10-8 ka, indicating a sharp, sustained decline in forest cover during that period. This decline was roughly coincident with hydrologic closure of the upper Great Lakes, but temporally inconsistent with most pollen-based models that imply canopy closure throughout the Holocene. Early Holocene forest openings are rarely recognized in pollen sums from EUM because faint signatures of non-arboreal pollen are largely obscured by abundant and highly mobile pine pollen. Early Holocene spikes in nonarboreal pollen are recorded in cores from small ponds, but suggest only a modest extent of forest openings. OSL dating of dune emplacement provides a direct, spatially explicit archive of greatly diminished forest cover during a very dry climate in eastern midcontinent North America ca. 10-8 ka. C1 [Loope, Walter L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Munising, MI 49862 USA. [Loope, Henry M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Goble, Ronald J.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Fisher, Timothy G.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Legg, Robert J.] No Michigan Univ, Dept Geog, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. [Wysocki, Douglas A.] USDA NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. [Hanson, Paul R.; Young, Aaron R.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Loope, WL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Munising, MI 49862 USA. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 13 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD APR PY 2012 VL 40 IS 4 BP 315 EP 318 DI 10.1130/G32937.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 914TH UT WOS:000301974800014 ER PT J AU Madsen, MD Davies, KW Williams, CJ Svejcar, TJ AF Madsen, Matthew D. Davies, Kirk W. Williams, C. Jason Svejcar, Tony J. TI Agglomerating seeds to enhance native seedling emergence and growth SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE facilitation; native plants; restoration; seed coating; seeding; seedling emergence; soil physical crust ID VEGETATION CHARACTERISTICS; GRASSLAND RESTORATION; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SOIL; ESTABLISHMENT; MORPHOLOGY; FACILITATION; BITTERBRUSH; COMPETITION; ECOSYSTEMS AB 1. Restoration in rangelands is constrained by low establishment of species sown from seed. Non-biotic soil-surface crust is one of the major factors limiting reseeding success by acting as a barrier to seedling emergence. 2. The objective of this study was to determine whether seedling emergence could be improved by agglomerating multiple seeds into a single pellet, so that the seedlings growing from the pellet will collectively generate sufficient force to penetrate the soil crust. To evaluate this technology, we compared seedling emergence and biomass production from agglomerated, single and non-coated seed (control) of Pseudoroegneria spicata. In the greenhouse, seeds were sown in either crust-forming clay or non-crusting sandy soil and studied for a 25-day period. Starting seed density was constant across treatments. 3. In the clay soil, seedling emergence from the agglomeration treatment was 1 3 and 1 9 times higher than the single seed coating and control, respectively. In the sandy soil, the agglomeration and single seed coating responded similarly, producing 1 4 times more seedlings than the control. 4. Biomass production followed a similar trend as plant density. In the clay soil, increased biomass of the agglomeration treatment was not only because of higher plant densities but was also a product of having greater biomass per plant. 5. Synthesis and applications. This short-duration 'proof-of-concept' study indicates that both the seed coating materials used to form the agglomerates and the act of agglomerating the seeds together improve P. spicata emergence and plant growth. These results also demonstrate that in the early seedling stage, facilitation outweighs competition in agglomeration plantings. Additional research is needed to verify these results in the field. C1 [Madsen, Matthew D.; Davies, Kirk W.; Svejcar, Tony J.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Williams, C. Jason] ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Madsen, MD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM matthew.madsen@oregonstate.edu OI Williams, Jason/0000-0002-6289-4789 NR 59 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 7 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 49 IS 2 BP 431 EP 438 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02118.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 916BF UT WOS:000302070900015 ER PT J AU Harris, CM Ruberson, JR Meagher, R Tumlinson, JH AF Harris, Christina M. Ruberson, John R. Meagher, Robert Tumlinson, James H. TI Host Suitability Affects Odor Association in Cotesia marginiventris: Implications in Generalist Parasitoid Host-Finding SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tri-trophic interactions; Sub-optimal host; Wind tunnel; Spodoptera exigua; Trichoplusia ni; Cotesia marginiventris ID INDUCED PLANT ODORS; MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES HYMENOPTERA; MONOCTONUS-PAULENSIS HYMENOPTERA; UNREWARDING EXPERIENCES; CRESSON HYMENOPTERA; DAMAGED PLANTS; BRACONIDAE; WASPS; BEHAVIOR; OVIPOSITION AB Insect herbivores often induce plant volatile compounds that can attract natural enemies. Cotesia marginiventris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a generalist parasitoid wasp of noctuid caterpillars and is highly attracted to Spodoptera exigua-induced plant volatiles. The plasticity of C. marginiventris associative learning to volatile blends of various stimuli, such as host presence, also has been shown, but little is known about how this generalist parasitoid distinguishes between host species of varying suitability. Spodoptera exigua is an excellent host that yields high parasitoid emergence, while Trichoplusia ni serves as a sub-optimal host species due to high pre-imaginal wasp mortality. We have found that S. exigua and T. ni induce different volatile blends while feeding on cotton. Here, wind tunnel flight assays were used to determine the importance of differentially induced volatiles in host-finding by C. marginiventris. We found that, while this generalist parasitoid wasp can distinguish between the two discrete volatile blends when presented concurrently, a positive oviposition experience on the preferred host species (S. exigua) is more important than host-specific volatile cues in eliciting flight behavior towards plants damaged by either host species. Furthermore, wasps with oviposition experience on both host species did not exhibit a deterioration in positive flight behavior, suggesting that oviposition in the sub-optimal host species (T. ni) does not cause aversive odor association. C1 [Harris, Christina M.; Tumlinson, James H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, Chem Ecol Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ruberson, John R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. [Meagher, Robert] USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Tumlinson, JH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, Chem Ecol Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jht2@psu.edu OI Ruberson, John/0000-0002-4475-8177 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 38 IS 4 BP 340 EP 347 DI 10.1007/s10886-012-0095-9 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 925PA UT WOS:000302772100002 PM 22438015 ER PT J AU Cosse, AA Petroski, RJ Zilkowski, BW Vermillion, K Lelito, JP Cooperband, MF Gould, JR AF Cosse, Allard A. Petroski, Richard J. Zilkowski, Bruce W. Vermillion, Karl Lelito, Jonathan P. Cooperband, Miriam F. Gould, Juli R. TI Male-Produced Pheromone of Spathius agrili, A Parasitoid Introduced For The Biological Control Of The Invasive Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pheromone; (4R,11E)-tetradecen-4-olide; Flight tunnel behavior; Spathius agrili; Hymenoptera; Braconidae; Biocontrol; Invasive ID CHAIN SYMMETRICAL DIOLS; CURRANT STEM GIRDLER; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; SEX-PHEROMONE; MATING-BEHAVIOR; HYMENOPTERA; IDENTIFICATION; BRACONIDAE; OXIDATION; LACTONES AB The braconid wasp, Spathius agrili, has been released in the U.S. as a biocontrol agent for the invasive emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Agrilus planipennis), a destructive pest of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.). We identified and synthesized seven male-specific volatile compounds. Three of these, dodecanal, (4R,11E)-tetradecen-4-olide, and (Z)-10-heptadecen-2-one, were the key behaviorally active components in flight tunnel bioassays. Male specificity was demonstrated by gas chromatographic comparison of male and female volatile emissions and whole body extracts. Identifications were aided by coupled gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis, microchemical reactions, NMR, chiral GC analysis, and GC and MS comparison with authentic standards. Both the racemic and chiral forms of the gamma-lactone, as well as both E- and Z-isomers were synthesized. Flight tunnel behavioral tests showed positive male and female S. agrili responses to both natural pheromone and synthetic blends, with upwind flight and landing on the source. Large field-cage tests, using yellow sticky traps baited with pheromone, captured approximately 50 % of the released male and female wasps in 24-h periods. The use of pheromone-baited traps in the field could simplify the current detection method for determining parasitoid establishment (i.e., laboriously felling and peeling ash trees for recovery of S. agrili from infested EAB larvae). C1 [Cosse, Allard A.; Petroski, Richard J.; Zilkowski, Bruce W.; Vermillion, Karl] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Lelito, Jonathan P.] USDA APHIS PPQ, Brighton, MI 48116 USA. [Cooperband, Miriam F.; Gould, Juli R.] USDA APHIS PPQ, Otis Lab, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. RP Cosse, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Allard.Cosse@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, and Animal & Plant Health Inspective Service (APHIS) FX We thank Kyle Schmitt for technical assistance (USDA/ARS/Natl. Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL). We are grateful for financial support from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, and Animal & Plant Health Inspective Service (APHIS). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information, and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 38 IS 4 BP 389 EP 399 DI 10.1007/s10886-012-0101-2 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 925PA UT WOS:000302772100007 PM 22456948 ER PT J AU Lapointe, SL Alessandro, RT Robbins, PS Khrimian, A Svatos, A Dickens, JC Otalora-Luna, F Kaplan, F Alborn, HT Teal, PE AF Lapointe, Stephen L. Alessandro, Rocco T. Robbins, Paul S. Khrimian, Ashot Svatos, Ales Dickens, Joseph C. Otalora-Luna, Fernando Kaplan, Fatma Alborn, Hans T. Teal, Peter E. TI Identification and Synthesis of a Male-Produced Pheromone for the Neotropical Root Weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Citrus root weevil; Pheromone; GC-EAD; Methyl (E)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-2-pentenoate; Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Crop pest ID AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; CONJUGATE ADDITION; SITONA-LINEATUS; COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE; BEHAVIOR; FIELD; OVIPOSITION; LACTONES; TOBACCO AB An unsaturated hydroxy-ester pheromone was isolated from the headspace and feces of male Diaprepes abbreviatus, identified, and synthesized. The pheromone, methyl (E)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-2-pentenoate, was discovered by gas chromatography-coupled electroantennogram detection (GC-EAD), and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The synthesis yielded an 86:14 mixture of methyl (E)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-2-pentenoate (active) and methyl (Z)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-2-pentenoate (inactive), along with a lactone breakdown product. The activity of the synthetic E-isomer was confirmed by GC-EAD, GC-MS, NMR, and bioassays. No antennal response was observed to the Z-isomer or the lactone. In a two-choice olfactometer bioassay, female D. abbreviatus moved upwind towards the synthetic pheromone or natural pheromone more often compared with clean air. Males showed no clear preference for the synthetic pheromone. This pheromone, alone or in combination with plant volatiles, may play a role in the location of males by female D. abbreviatus. C1 [Lapointe, Stephen L.; Alessandro, Rocco T.; Robbins, Paul S.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Khrimian, Ashot; Dickens, Joseph C.] ARS, USDA, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Svatos, Ales] Max Planck Inst Chem Ecol, Jena, Germany. [Otalora-Luna, Fernando] IVIC, CEIF, Merida, Venezuela. [Kaplan, Fatma; Alborn, Hans T.; Teal, Peter E.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Lapointe, SL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM stephen.lapointe@ars.usda.gov RI Svatos, Ales/A-3305-2014; OI Otalora-Luna, Fernando/0000-0002-5313-2184 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 38 IS 4 BP 408 EP 417 DI 10.1007/s10886-012-0096-8 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 925PA UT WOS:000302772100009 PM 22434385 ER PT J AU Imbach, P Molina, L Locatelli, B Roupsard, O Mahe, G Neilson, R Corrales, L Scholze, M Ciais, P AF Imbach, Pablo Molina, Luis Locatelli, Bruno Roupsard, Olivier Mahe, Gil Neilson, Ronald Corrales, Lenin Scholze, Marko Ciais, Philippe TI Modeling Potential Equilibrium States of Vegetation and Terrestrial Water Cycle of Mesoamerica under Climate Change Scenarios SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM RUNOFF; TROPICAL FORESTS; SPECIES-RICHNESS; GLOBAL PATTERNS; CENTRAL-AMERICA; SOUTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; RISING CO2; RESPONSES; PRECIPITATION AB The likelihood and magnitude of the impacts of climate change on potential vegetation and the water cycle in Mesoamerica is evaluated. Mesoamerica is a global biodiversity hotspot with highly diverse topographic and climatic conditions and is among the tropical regions with the highest expected changes in precipitation and temperature under future climate scenarios. The biogeographic soil-vegetation-atmosphere model Mapped Atmosphere Plant Soil System (MAPSS) was used for simulating the integrated changes in leaf area index (LAI), vegetation types (grass, shrubs, and trees), evapotranspiration, and runoff at the end of the twenty-first century. Uncertainty was estimated as the likelihood of changes in vegetation and water cycle under three ensembles of model runs, one for each of the groups of greenhouse gas emission scenarios (low, intermediate, and high emissions), for a total of 136 runs generated with 23 general circulation models (GCMs). LAI is likely to decrease over 77%-89% of the region, depending on climate scenario groups, showing that potential vegetation will likely shift from humid to dry types. Accounting for potential effects of CO2 on water use efficiency significantly decreased impacts on LAI. Runoff will decrease across the region even in areas where precipitation increases (even under increased water use efficiency), as temperature change will increase evapotranspiration. Higher emission scenarios show lower uncertainty (higher likelihood) in modeled impacts. Although the projection spread is high for future precipitation, the impacts of climate change on vegetation and water cycle are predicted with relatively low uncertainty. C1 [Imbach, Pablo; Molina, Luis; Roupsard, Olivier] CATIE, Climate Change Program, Cartago, Costa Rica. [Locatelli, Bruno] CIRAD UPR Forest Ecosyst Serv, Montpellier, France. [Locatelli, Bruno] CIFOR ENV Program, Bogor, Indonesia. [Roupsard, Olivier] CIRAD Persyst, UPR80, Montpellier, France. [Mahe, Gil] Univ Mohammed 5, IRD HSM, Rabat, Morocco. [Neilson, Ronald] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Corrales, Lenin] Apdo, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Scholze, Marko] Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. [Ciais, Philippe] Ctr Etud Orme Merisiers, CEA CNRS UVSQ, IPSL LSCE, Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Imbach, P (reprint author), CATIE 7170, Turrialba 30501, Cartago, Costa Rica. EM pimbach@catie.ac.cr RI Locatelli, Bruno/C-9957-2009; roupsard, olivier/C-1219-2008; Scholze, Marko/N-4573-2014 OI Imbach, Pablo/0000-0003-4078-6063; Locatelli, Bruno/0000-0003-2983-1644; Scholze, Marko/0000-0002-3474-5938 FU Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE); BBVA Foundation; Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was funded by the MESOTERRA Project of the Mesoamerican Agro-Environmental Program at the Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE) and the Climate Change and Biodiversity Effects (CLIMBE) project financed by the BBVA Foundation. We acknowledge the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCDMI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel dataset. The creation of this dataset was supported by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. We thank The Nature Conservancy-California and Kirk Klausmeyer for downscaling and converting the climate data to ArcGIS format. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their role in considerably improving this manuscript. NR 65 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 13 IS 2 BP 665 EP 680 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-11-023.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 921NI UT WOS:000302483900017 ER PT J AU Wagschal, K Lee, CC AF Wagschal, Kurt Lee, Charles C. TI Microplate-based active/inactive 1 degrees screen for biomass degrading enzyme library purification and gene discovery SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE beta-D-xylosidase; Xylanase; Endoglucanase; Ferulic acid esterase; Library purification; Directed evolution AB We present here a whole-cell and permeabilized E. coli cell 1 degrees active/inactive microplate screen for beta-D-xylosidase, xylanase, endoglucanase, and ferulic acid esterase enzyme activities which are critical for the enzymatic deconstruction of biomass for fuels and chemicals. Transformants from genomic or mutagenesis-derived libraries are screened using fluorophore-tagged substrate/enzyme activity pairs that are assayed directly in the protein expression host growth media using a minimum of specialized equipment and supplies. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wagschal, Kurt; Lee, Charles C.] ARS, USDA, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Wagschal, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, WRRC, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM kurt.wagschal@ars.usda.gov; charles.lee@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture CRIS [5325-41000-049-00] FX This work was supported by United States Department of Agriculture CRIS 5325-41000-049-00. The authors would like to thank Drs. Kenneth Bischoff, Douglas Jordan, and Dominic W.S. Wong at the USDA, and Dr. Ling Yuan at The University of Kentucky, for their generous gifts of the cel5a, SXA, ferulic acid esterase, and El plasmid constructs used in this study. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this report is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 EI 1872-8359 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD APR PY 2012 VL 89 IS 1 BP 83 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2012.01.008 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 925KS UT WOS:000302760700016 PM 22285853 ER PT J AU Zobiole, LHS Kremer, RJ de Oliveira, RS Constantin, J AF Saes Zobiole, Luiz Henrique Kremer, Robert John de Oliveira, Rubem Silverio, Jr. Constantin, Jamil TI Glyphosate effects on photosynthesis, nutrient accumulation, and nodulation in glyphosate-resistant soybean SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; herbicide impacts; photosynthetic rate; root nodulation ID GLYCINE-MAX; IMPACT; ACID; BIOSYNTHESIS; CHLOROPHYLL; ABSORPTION; RADIATION; MANGANESE; GROWTH; PLANTS AB Previous greenhouse studies have demonstrated that photosynthesis in some cultivars of first- (GR1) and second-generation (GR2) glyphosate-resistant soybean was reduced by glyphosate. The reduction in photosynthesis that resulted from glyphosate might affect nutrient uptake and lead to lower plant biomass production and ultimately reduced grain yield. Therefore, a field study was conducted to determine if glyphosate-induced damage to soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. Asgrow AG3539) plants observed under controlled greenhouse conditions might occur in the field environment. The present study evaluated photosynthetic rate, nutrient accumulation, nodulation, and biomass production of GR2 soybean receiving different rates of glyphosate (0, 800, 1200, 2400 g a.e. ha1) applied at V2, V4, and V6 growth stages. In general, plant damage observed in the field study was similar to that in previous greenhouse studies. Increasing glyphosate rates and applications at later growth stages decreased nutrient accumulation, nodulation, leaf area, and shoot biomass production. Thus, to reduce potential undesirable effects of glyphosate on plant growth, application of the lowest glyphosate rate for weed-control efficacy at early growth stages (V2 to V4) is suggested as an advantageous practice within current weed control in GR soybean for optimal crop productivity. C1 [Kremer, Robert John] Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Saes Zobiole, Luiz Henrique; de Oliveira, Rubem Silverio, Jr.; Constantin, Jamil] Univ Estadual Maringa, Ctr Adv Studies Weed Res, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. RP Kremer, RJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, 327 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM kremerr@missouri.edu RI Oliveira Jr, Rubem/H-1680-2012 OI Oliveira Jr, Rubem/0000-0002-5222-8010 FU National Council for Scientific and Technology Development (CNPq-Brasilia, DF, Brazil) FX We thank the National Council for Scientific and Technology Development (CNPq-Brasilia, DF, Brazil) for the scholarship and financial support for this research. We also thank Dr. Randy Miles for providing plot space on Sanborn Field and John Gardner for excellent technical assistance. Trade names are used for clarity and do not represent endorsement by USDA-ARS, the University of Missouri, or the State University of Maringa. NR 52 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 43 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1436-8730 J9 J PLANT NUTR SOIL SC JI J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 175 IS 2 BP 319 EP 330 DI 10.1002/jpln.201000434 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 921GW UT WOS:000302467100018 ER PT J AU Yalcin, B Amos, SE D'Souza, AS Clemons, CM Gunes, IS Ista, TK AF Yalcin, Baris Amos, Steve E. D'Souza, Andrew S. Clemons, Craig M. Gunes, I. Sedat Ista, Troy K. TI Improvements in processing characteristics and engineering properties of wood flour-filled high density polyethylene composite sheeting in the presence of hollow glass microspheres SO JOURNAL OF PLASTIC FILM & SHEETING LA English DT Article DE sheet; hollow glass microspheres; extrusion; thermal conductivity; density ID FIBER COMPOSITES AB Hollow glass microspheres were introduced into wood flour/high density polyethylene composites by melt compounding in a twin-screw extruder. The prepared composites were subsequently converted to extruded profiles in order to obtain composite sheeting. The presence of hollow glass microspheres highly reduced the density of the extruded sheets down to 0.91 g/cc, while improving its flexural modulus. The presence of hollow glass spheres further improved the visual appearance by eliminating warpage. Thermal conductivity of the sheets was reduced down to 0.25 W/mK without significantly changing the melt viscosity. The morphological analysis indicated a satisfactory state of dispersion of hollow glass microspheres in the sheeting. The presence of hollow glass microspheres resulted in sharper contours of the extruded profiles and improved nailability and screwability. C1 [Yalcin, Baris; Amos, Steve E.; Ista, Troy K.] Energy & Adv Mat Div 3M, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. [D'Souza, Andrew S.] Safety Secur & Protect Serv Lab 3M, St Paul, MN USA. [Clemons, Craig M.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Gunes, I. Sedat] Corp Res Proc Lab 3M, St Paul, MN USA. RP Yalcin, B (reprint author), Energy & Adv Mat Div 3M, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. EM byalcin2@mmm.com FU USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, USA; 3M Energy and Advanced Materials Division; 3M Corporate Research Process Laboratory FX We would like to acknowledge kind support provided by USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53726, USA. We would like to also acknowledge support provided by 3M Energy and Advanced Materials Division and 3M Corporate Research Process Laboratory. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 8756-0879 J9 J PLAST FILM SHEET JI J. Plast. Film Sheeting PD APR PY 2012 VL 28 IS 2 BP 165 EP 180 DI 10.1177/8756087911434185 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA 921ET UT WOS:000302461500005 ER PT J AU Plaza, C Gollany, HT Baldoni, G Polo, A Ciavatta, C AF Plaza, Cesar Gollany, Hero T. Baldoni, Guido Polo, Alfredo Ciavatta, Claudio TI Predicting long-term organic carbon dynamics in organically amended soils using the CQESTR model SO JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS LA English DT Article DE C sequestration; Crop residue; Manure; Modeling; Organic amendment; Soil organic matter ID AGRICULTURAL SOILS; CROPPING SYSTEMS; FORAGE SYSTEMS; MATTER; AMENDMENTS; MANAGEMENT; FERTILIZER; FRACTIONS; NITROGEN; TILLAGE AB The CQESTR model is a process-based C model recently developed to simulate soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics and uses readily available or easily measurable input parameters. The current version of CQESTR (v. 2.0) has been validated successfully with a number of datasets from agricultural sites in North America but still needs to be tested in other geographic areas and soil types under diverse organic management systems. We evaluated the predictive performance of CQESTR to simulate long-term (34 years) soil organic C (SOC) changes in a SOM-depleted European soil either unamended or amended with solid manure, liquid manure, or crop residue. Measured SOC levels declined over the study period in the unamended soil, remained constant in the soil amended with crop residues, and tended to increase in the soils amended with manure, especially with solid manure. Linear regression analysis of measured SOC contents and CQESTR predictions resulted in a correlation coefficient of 0.626 (P < 0.001) and a slope and an intercept not significantly different from 1 and 0, respectively (95% confidence level). The mean squared deviation and root mean square error were relatively small. Simulated values fell within the 95% confidence interval of the measured SOC, and predicted errors were mainly associated with data scattering. The CQESTR model was shown to predict, with a reasonable degree of accuracy, the organic C dynamics in the soils examined. The CQESTR performance, however, could be improved by adding an additional parameter to differentiate between pre-decomposed organic amendments with varying degrees of stability. C1 [Plaza, Cesar; Polo, Alfredo] CSIC, Inst Ciencias Agr, Madrid 28006, Spain. [Gollany, Hero T.] ARS, USDA, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Baldoni, Guido; Ciavatta, Claudio] Univ Bologna, Dept Agroenvironm Sci & Technol, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. RP Plaza, C (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Ciencias Agr, Serrano 115 Dpdo, Madrid 28006, Spain. EM c.plaza@ica.csic.es OI CIAVATTA, CLAUDIO/0000-0002-7914-4394 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [AGL2009-09124] FX This work was partly supported by the VI National R&D&D&I Plan 2008-2011 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (AGL2009-09124). C. Plaza is especially grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for having supplied the funds which made possible his visit to the Columbia Plateau Conservation Research Center (USDA-ARS). Technical assistance by R. W. Polumsky and R. Greenwalt at the Columbia Plateau Conservation Research Center is gratefully acknowledged. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1439-0108 J9 J SOIL SEDIMENT JI J. Soils Sediments PD APR PY 2012 VL 12 IS 4 BP 486 EP 493 DI 10.1007/s11368-012-0477-1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 920PG UT WOS:000302418100003 ER PT J AU Wang, K Zhu, ZQ Huang, HG Li, TQ He, ZL Yang, XE Alva, A AF Wang, Kai Zhu, Zhiqiang Huang, Huagang Li, Tingqiang He, Zhenli Yang, Xiaoe Alva, Ashok TI Interactive effects of Cd and PAHs on contaminants removal from co-contaminated soil planted with hyperaccumulator plant Sedum alfredii SO JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Cadmium; Co-contamination; Hyperaccumulator; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ZEA-MAYS L.; CADMIUM TOXICITY; ACCUMULATION; PYRENE; PHYTOREMEDIATION; RHIZOSPHERE; GROWTH; BIODEGRADATION; PHENANTHRENE AB Soil contamination by multiple organic and inorganic contaminants is common but its remediation by hyperaccumulator plants is rarely reported. The growth of a cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii and removal of contaminants from Cd and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) co-contaminated soil were reported in this study. Soil slightly contaminated by Cd (0.92 mg kg(-1) DW) was collected from a vegetable field in Hangzhou and was spiked with two levels (0 and 6 mg kg(-1) DW) of Cd and three levels (0, 25, and 150 mg kg(-1) DW) of phenanthrene (PHE) or pyrene (PYR). A pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using S. alfredii with unplanted controls for 60 days. Shoot and root biomass of plants, dehydrogenase activity (DHA), and microbial biomass carbon in the soil were measured. Concentrations of Cd and PAHs in the plant and soil were determined. Elevated Cd level (6.38 mg kg(-1) DW) increased S. alfredii growth. The presence of PAHs decreased the stimulatory effects of Cd on plant biomass and Cd concentrations in shoots in Cd spiked soil, thus decreasing Cd phytoextraction efficiency. Cadmium removal by S. alfredii after 60 days of growth varied from 5.8% to 6.7% and from 5.7% to 9.6%, in Cd unspiked and spiked soils, respectively. Removal rate of PAHs in the soil was similar with or without the plants. Removal rate of PYR decreased at the elevated Cd level in the soil. This appears to be due to a decrease in soil microbial activity. This is confirmed by a decrease in DHA, which is a good indicator of soil microbial activity. Our results demonstrate that S. alfredii could effectively extract Cd from Cd-contaminated soils in the presence of PHE or PYR; however, both PAHs exhibited negative effects on phytoextraction of Cd from Cd spiked soil (6.38 mg kg(-1) DW). S. alfredii is not suitable for remediation of PAHs. The effects of Cd and PAHs concentrations on the removal rate of PAHs appear to be attributed to the changes in microbial activities in the soil. C1 [Wang, Kai; Zhu, Zhiqiang; Huang, Huagang; Li, Tingqiang; Yang, Xiaoe] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Environm & Resources Sci, MOE Key Lab Environm Remediat & Ecosyst Hlth, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Zhiqiang] Hainan Univ, Coll Agr, Haikou 570228, Peoples R China. [He, Zhenli] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Alva, Ashok] ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Yang, XE (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Coll Environm & Resources Sci, MOE Key Lab Environm Remediat & Ecosyst Hlth, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM xyang@zju.edu.cn RI He, Zhenli/R-1494-2016; Li, Tingqiang/B-2592-2017 OI He, Zhenli/0000-0001-7761-2070; Li, Tingqiang/0000-0003-4448-4871 FU Ministry of Science of China [2009AA06Z316]; Ministry of Education of China [310003]; Ministry of Environmental Protection of China [2011467057] FX This study was financially supported by "863" Target Goal Project from Ministry of Science of China (#2009AA06Z316), a key project from Ministry of Education of China (#310003), and a project from Ministry of Environmental Protection of China (#2011467057). NR 45 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 61 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1439-0108 J9 J SOIL SEDIMENT JI J. Soils Sediments PD APR PY 2012 VL 12 IS 4 BP 556 EP 564 DI 10.1007/s11368-012-0471-7 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 920PG UT WOS:000302418100010 ER PT J AU Evans, DM Dolloff, CA Aust, WM Villamagna, AM AF Evans, Daniel M. Dolloff, C. Andrew Aust, W. Michael Villamagna, Amy M. TI Effects of Eastern Hemlock Decline on Large Wood Loads in Streams of the Appalachian Mountains SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE large wood; rivers; streams; riparian ecology; environmental impacts; Adelges tsugae; Tsuga canadensis. ID SOUTHERN NEW-ENGLAND; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; DEBRIS; ECOSYSTEMS; ASSOCIATIONS; DISTURBANCE; COMMUNITY; HABITAT AB Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), a foundation species important to riparian forests of the Appalachian Mountains, is in decline due to the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) (Adelges tsugae). The effect of this insect on large wood (LW) production and recruitment to streams is largely unknown. We measured LW load, riparian forest composition, and T. canadensis health in 47 streams from Maine to Alabama and developed a conceptual model that frames the expected forest stand and instream LW response to the disturbance caused by HWA. In stands with HWA, 24.3% of the overstory T. canadensis basal area was stressed and 7.5% was dead, whereas only 3.0% was stressed and 2.0% was dead in stands without HWA. Mean T. canadensis effective LW load was 0.20 m 3 / 100 m 2 in streams with adjacent stands infested by HWA, almost three times higher than in streams flowing through uninfested stands (p = 0.048). Higher frequencies of LW were found at streams with HWA present and there was a positive association between the percent of dead T. canadensis and T. canadensis LW load (q = 0.4468; p = < 0.0001). Greater total LW loads were associated with higher stream gradients, lesser bankfull widths, and streams at lower latitudes. Our research supports the hypothesis that HWA infestation of T. canadensis in riparian forest stands has increased LW loads in streams. This episodic disturbance to the riparian forest overstory may have lasting impacts on aquatic ecosystem structure and function. C1 [Evans, Daniel M.; Villamagna, Amy M.] Virginia Tech, Fish & Wildlife Conservat Dept, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Dolloff, C. Andrew] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Aust, W. Michael] Virginia Tech, Forest Resources & Environm Conservat Dept, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Evans, DM (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Fish & Wildlife Conservat Dept, 100 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM daniel76@vt.edu NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2012 VL 48 IS 2 BP 266 EP 276 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00610.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 920KC UT WOS:000302402200006 ER PT J AU Perez-Martin, E Weiss, M Segundo, FDS Pacheco, JM Arzt, J Grubman, MJ de los Santos, T AF Perez-Martin, Eva Weiss, Marcelo Segundo, Fayna Diaz-San Pacheco, Juan M. Arzt, Jonathan Grubman, Marvin J. de los Santos, Teresa TI Bovine Type III Interferon Significantly Delays and Reduces the Severity of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Cattle SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAPIDLY PROTECTS SWINE; IFN-LAMBDA; VIRUS-INFECTION; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; I INTERFERON; ALPHA/BETA INTERFERON; CELL-FUNCTION; EXPRESSION; VACCINES; RNA AB Interferons (IFNs) are the first line of defense against viral infections. Although type I and II IFNs have proven effective to inhibit foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) replication in swine, a similar approach had only limited efficacy in cattle. Recently, a new family of IFNs, type III IFN or IFN-lambda, has been identified in human, mouse, chicken, and swine. We have identified bovine IFN-lambda 3 (boIFN-lambda 3), also known as interleukin 28B (IL-28B), and demonstrated that expression of this molecule using a recombinant replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vector, Ad5-boIFN-lambda 3, exhibited antiviral activity against FMDV in bovine cell culture. Furthermore, inoculation of cattle with Ad5-boIFN-lambda 3 induced systemic antiviral activity and upregulation of IFN-stimulated gene expression in the upper respiratory airways and skin. In the present study, we demonstrated that disease could be delayed for at least 6 days when cattle were inoculated with Ad5-boIFN-lambda 3 and challenged 24 h later by intradermolingual inoculation with FMDV. Furthermore, the delay in the appearance of disease was significantly prolonged when treated cattle were challenged by aerosolization of FMDV, using a method that resembles the natural route of infection. No clinical signs of FMD, viremia, or viral shedding in nasal swabs was found in the Ad5-boIFN-lambda 3-treated animals for at least 9 days postchallenge. Our results indicate that boIFN-lambda 3 plays a critical role in the innate immune response of cattle against FMDV. To this end, this work represents the most successful biotherapeutic strategy so far tested to control FMDV in cattle. C1 [Perez-Martin, Eva; Weiss, Marcelo; Segundo, Fayna Diaz-San; Pacheco, Juan M.; Arzt, Jonathan; Grubman, Marvin J.; de los Santos, Teresa] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, N Atlantic Area, USDA, Greenport, NY USA. [Perez-Martin, Eva; Weiss, Marcelo; Segundo, Fayna Diaz-San] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr Res Participat Program, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP de los Santos, T (reprint author), ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, N Atlantic Area, USDA, Greenport, NY USA. EM teresa.delossantos@arsusda.gov RI Weiss, Marcelo/I-1274-2012; OI Weiss, Marcelo/0000-0001-7902-3210; Pacheco, Juan/0000-0001-5477-0201 FU Plum Island Animal Disease Research Participation Program; CRIS [1940-32000-053-00D ARS]; USDA; Department of Homeland Security [60-1940-9-028, 60-1940-7-047] FX This research was supported in part by the Plum Island Animal Disease Research Participation Program administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (appointments of Eva Perez-Martin, Marcelo Weiss, and Fayna Diaz-San Segundo), by CRIS project 1940-32000-053-00D ARS, USDA (Teresa de los Santos and Marvin J. Grubman), and by reimbursable agreements with Department of Homeland Security 60-1940-9-028 Task 3a (Teresa de los Santos) and 60-1940-7-047 (Marvin J. Grubman). NR 54 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 86 IS 8 BP 4477 EP 4487 DI 10.1128/JVI.06683-1 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 917NU UT WOS:000302185400042 PM 22301155 ER PT J AU Masoodi, R El-Hajjar, RF Pillai, KM Sabo, R AF Masoodi, R. El-Hajjar, R. F. Pillai, K. M. Sabo, R. TI Mechanical characterization of cellulose nanofiber and bio-based epoxy composite SO MATERIALS & DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Composites; Film and sheet; Molding ID FIBER; TOUGHNESS AB Cellulose nanofibers are one class of natural fibers that have resulted in structures with remarkable mechanical properties. In this study, the cellulose nanofibers are used as reinforcements in the forms of layered films in a bio-derived resin. Assessment of swelling behavior is performed together with an assessment of the tension and fracture behavior. Crack resistance behavior is compared to glass fiber systems and strategies for improving the fracture toughness of "nanopaper'' based composites are discussed. Swelling tests indicate the need for constitutive and analysis approaches that account for the swelling response of the developed composites. Increased porosity is observed with higher reinforcement volumes leading to lower than expected mechanical properties. Techniques with higher consolidation pressures are required to improve consolidation processes. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [El-Hajjar, R. F.] Univ Wisconsin Milwaukee, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, Engn Mech & Composites Lab, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Masoodi, R.; Pillai, K. M.] Univ Wisconsin Milwaukee, Lab Flow & Transport Studies Porous Media, Dept Mech Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Sabo, R.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP El-Hajjar, RF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Milwaukee, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, Engn Mech & Composites Lab, 3200 N Cramer St, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. EM elhajjar@uwm.edu NR 26 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-3069 J9 MATER DESIGN JI Mater. Des. PD APR PY 2012 VL 36 BP 570 EP 576 DI 10.1016/j.matdes.2011.11.042 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 909QY UT WOS:000301580500077 ER PT J AU Mahler, GJ Esch, MB Tako, E Southard, TL Archer, SD Glahn, RP Shuler, ML AF Mahler, Gretchen J. Esch, Mandy B. Tako, Elad Southard, Teresa L. Archer, Shivaun D. Glahn, Raymond P. Shuler, Michael L. TI Oral exposure to polystyrene nanoparticles affects iron absorption SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CROHNS-DISEASE; GASTROINTESTINAL ANATOMY; DOMESTIC CHICKEN; GALLUS-GALLUS; CELL-LINE; IN-VIVO; DELIVERY; CACO-2; MODEL; PERMEABILITY AB The use of engineered nanoparticles in food and pharmaceuticals is expected to increase, but the impact of chronic oral exposure to nanoparticles on human health remains unknown. Here, we show that chronic and acute oral exposure to polystyrene nanoparticles can influence iron uptake and iron transport in an in vitro model of the intestinal epithelium and an in vivo chicken intestinal loop model. Intestinal cells that are exposed to high doses of nanoparticles showed increased iron transport due to nanoparticle disruption of the cell membrane. Chickens acutely exposed to carboxylated particles (50 nm in diameter) had a lower iron absorption than unexposed or chronically exposed birds. Chronic exposure caused remodelling of the intestinal villi, which increased the surface area available for iron absorption. The agreement between the in vitro and in vivo results suggests that our in vitro intestinal epithelium model is potentially useful for toxicology studies. C1 [Mahler, Gretchen J.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Bioengn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Esch, Mandy B.; Archer, Shivaun D.; Shuler, Michael L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Tako, Elad; Glahn, Raymond P.] ARS, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Southard, Teresa L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Mahler, GJ (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Bioengn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM mls50@cornell.edu OI Archer, Shivaun/0000-0002-1597-7864 FU National Science Foundation for the Nanobiotechnology Center at Cornell University [ECS-9876771]; New York State Office of Science, Technology and Academic Research; Army Corp of Engineers [W9132T-07-2-0010]; US Department of Agriculture FX The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation for the Nanobiotechnology Center at Cornell University (ECS-9876771), the New York State Office of Science, Technology and Academic Research (for a Distinguished Professorship for M.L.S.), the Army Corp of Engineers (ID W9132T-07-2-0010) and the US Department of Agriculture. The HT29-MTX cell line was kindly contributed by Thecla Lesuffleur (INSERM U560). NR 47 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 4 U2 61 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 EI 1748-3395 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 7 IS 4 BP 264 EP U1500 DI 10.1038/NNANO.2012.3 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 922WD UT WOS:000302578300014 PM 22327877 ER PT J AU Suryawan, A Torrazza, RM Gazzaneo, MC Orellana, RA Fiorotto, ML El-Kadi, SW Srivastava, N Nguyen, HV Davis, TA AF Suryawan, Agus Torrazza, Roberto Murgas Gazzaneo, Maria C. Orellana, Renan A. Fiorotto, Marta L. El-Kadi, Samer W. Srivastava, Neeraj Nguyen, Hanh V. Davis, Teresa A. TI Enteral leucine supplementation increases protein synthesis in skeletal and cardiac muscles and visceral tissues of neonatal pigs through mTORC1-dependent pathways SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; P70 S6 KINASE; AMINO-ACIDS; TRANSLATION INITIATION; MAMMALIAN TARGET; POSTABSORPTIVE RATS; TOS MOTIF; INSULIN; RAPAMYCIN; MTOR AB INTRODUCTION: Leucine (Leu) activates mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) to upregulate protein synthesis (PS). RESULTS: PS in skeletal muscles, heart, liver, pancreas, and jejunum, but not kidney, were greater in low protein supplemented with Leu (LP+L) than LP, but lower than high protein (HP). In longissimus dorsi muscle, protein kinase B phosphorylation was similar in LP and LP+L, but lower than HP. Although less than HP, p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E binding protein 1 (4EBP1) association with regulatory associated protein of mammalian target of rapamycin was greater in LP+L than LP, resulting in higher S6K1 and 4EBP1 phosphorylation. Feeding LP+L vs. LP decreased 4EBP1 center dot eIF4E and increased eIF4E center dot eIF4G formation, but not to HP. Similar results were obtained for S6K1 and 4EBP1 phosphorylation in gastrocnemius, masseter, heart, liver, pancreas, and jejunum, but not kidney. eIF2 alpha and elongation factor 2 phosphorylation was unaffected by treatment. DICUSSION: Our results suggest that enteral Leu supplementation of a low protein diet enhances PS in most tissues through mTOR complex 1 pathways. METHODS: To examine enteral Leu effects on PS and signaling activation, 5-d-old piglets were fed for 24 h diets containing: (i) LP, (ii) LP+L, or (iii) HP. C1 [Suryawan, Agus; Torrazza, Roberto Murgas; Gazzaneo, Maria C.; Orellana, Renan A.; Fiorotto, Marta L.; El-Kadi, Samer W.; Srivastava, Neeraj; Nguyen, Hanh V.; Davis, Teresa A.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Suryawan, Agus; Torrazza, Roberto Murgas; Gazzaneo, Maria C.; Orellana, Renan A.; Fiorotto, Marta L.; El-Kadi, Samer W.; Srivastava, Neeraj; Nguyen, Hanh V.; Davis, Teresa A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. EM tdavis@bcm.edu FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01 AR44474, KO8 AR051563]; US Department of Agriculture/ARS [6250-510000-055] FX This study was supported by the Ajinomoto Amino Acid Research Program, National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01 AR44474, NIH KO8 AR051563, and US Department of Agriculture/ARS 6250-510000-055. NR 44 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0031-3998 EI 1530-0447 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 71 IS 4 BP 324 EP 331 DI 10.1038/pr.2011.79 PN 1 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 913NK UT WOS:000301884500002 PM 22391631 ER PT J AU Belefant-Miller, H AF Belefant-Miller, Helen TI Specific panicle responses resulting from MSMA-induced straighthead sterility in rice SO PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article DE Sterility; Kernel; Hull; Straighthead; MSMA; Rice; Grain; Arsenic ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; PLANTS; DRIFT; YIELD; ACCUMULATION; METABOLISM; GLYPHOSATE; CULTIVARS; SPIKELETS AB Straighthead is a physiological disorder of rice causing sterility. A particular characteristic of straighthead is panicles that remain upright because of the light weight of the unfilled grains, the hulls of which may be distorted into a crescent or parrot-beak shape. Monosodium methanearsenate (MSMA) was used in this study, to induce straighthead-like sterility symptoms in rice. Rating scales were developed to quantify the specific symptoms of straighthead (grain distortion, rachis curvature, panicle exsertion, and panicle weight), which were used to examine MSMA-induced straighthead in a greenhouse setting. Different rice cultivars were surveyed for their specific responses to MSMA, to identify targets for focus in rice breeding that differ in their responses. MSMA altered the pattern of anthesis so that flowering continued for a longer period of time although the initial flowering time and total panicle number were not affected. Early flowering panicles were less affected by MSMA than later flowering panicles. While all previous studies of MSMA-induced straighthead used MSMA applied at or before planting, a time course of MSMA application showed a time point for application at about the V4 (4-leaf) stage when the sterility symptoms were reduced and then an interval of time from about V6 to V8 when applications resulted in symptoms more severe than application at planting. A greenhouse temperature study demonstrated that lowering the temperature of the roots reduced the severity of the responses. MSMA is valuable as a trigger to induce a set of sterility symptoms so that the underlying physiological, biochemical, and genetic causes can be studied, and which may have implications for other sterility conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Belefant-Miller, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, 2890 Hwy 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM drhelenmiller@gmail.com NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6903 J9 PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI Plant Growth Regul. PD APR PY 2012 VL 66 IS 3 BP 255 EP 264 DI 10.1007/s10725-011-9648-0 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 922UI UT WOS:000302573400004 ER PT J AU Seybold, CA Harms, DS AF Seybold, Cathy A. Harms, Deborah S. TI Estimation of-1500 kPa Water Retention in Soil Survey SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE -1500 kPa matric potential; water retention; prediction model; soil survey; -1500 kPa water-to-clay ratio ID PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; ORGANIC-CARBON; MOISTURE RETENTION; CAPACITY AB Water retention at -1500 kPa is a crucial parameter in soil survey interpretations and in many hydrologic, agronomic, and ecological applications. Because it is impractical to measure -1500 kPa water contents everywhere in a soil survey area, it is often estimated using a model that is considered rule of thumb. The objectives are to validate this model and determine if a superior model can be developed using general linear models. Validation results indicate a consistent bias between the measured and predicted values. The 1500 kPa model was found to overestimate the contribution of organic matter, and the 1500 kPa water-to-clay ratio (WCR) of 0.4 was shown to be in agreement with measured ratios from a wide range of soils. For soils dominated by specific clay minerals, the 1500 WCR ratios varied from 0.25 for soils containing gypsum to 0.50 for soil clays containing hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite. The accuracy of the model could be improved if the clay mineralogy is known and the corresponding 1500 WCR is used instead of 0.4. The development of a new model resulted in total clay, organic carbon, and cation exchange capacity explaining 91% of the variation in water contents retained at -1500 kPa. The new model had the lowest root mean square error of 1.967, indicating a more accurate model than just using total clay or total clay and organic carbon as predictor variables. On a wide range of soils, validation of the newly developed model indicated no bias and was superior to the rule of thumb model in accuracy. The new model will be useful in soil survey as an approximation when data are lacking and is not intended to replace measured values. C1 [Seybold, Cathy A.; Harms, Deborah S.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Seybold, CA (reprint author), Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, 100 Centennial Mall N,Fed Bldg,Room 152, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. EM cathy.seybold@lin.usda.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 14 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 177 IS 4 BP 229 EP 235 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e31824826af PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 925QO UT WOS:000302776200001 ER PT J AU Elrashidi, MA West, LT Smith, C AF Elrashidi, Moustafa A. West, Larry T. Smith, Christopher TI Phosphorus Availability and Release Characteristics for Irrigated Cropland in Afghanistan SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Anion exchange resin; phosphorus release rate; phosphorus capacity; Olsen P; Mehlich-3 P ID SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; RUNOFF PHOSPHORUS; RESIN; EXTRACTION; MEHLICH-3; KINETICS; MANURE AB The incredibly low yield for crops grown on irrigated calcareous soils in Afghanistan could be attributed to fertility problems related to the shortage of available phosphorus (P). The objective was to investigate P for soils representing irrigated cropland in Afghanistan. A total of 14 soil pedons were sampled from Farah and Kunar provinces. A total of 42 soil samples were selected from the top three horizons in these pedons. The Natural Resources Conservation Service double-point anion exchange resin (DP-AER) extraction method was applied to investigate P availability, capacity, and release characteristics in these soils. The data obtained from the DP-AER method were compared with available P determined by the Olsen, Mehlich-3, and water methods. The amount of readily available P measured by the methods followed this order: water < Olsen < DP-AER < Mehlich-3 and averaged 0.14, 4.95, 9.73, and 15.2 mg/kg soil, respectively. The P capacity ranged from 1.21 to 87.3 mg/kg, with an average of 22.3 mg/kg soil. After a fast release of the readily available forms, the rate of P release from soils slowly decreased with time, indicating a dissolution process from sparingly soluble phosphate minerals. The amount of available P, capacity, and release rate were generally low for most soils. Phosphorus fertilizers and organic amendments should be recommended to improve soil fertility and secure good harvest for the irrigated cropland in Afghanistan. Either the Olsen or the DP-AER method could provide a good index for P availability in these soils. However, the DP-AER method could also supply useful information on both the soil P capacity and release characteristics. C1 [Elrashidi, Moustafa A.; West, Larry T.; Smith, Christopher] Natl Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Elrashidi, MA (reprint author), 100 Centennial Mall N, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. EM moustafa.elrashidi@lin.usda.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 177 IS 4 BP 251 EP 262 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e318245d12f PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 925QO UT WOS:000302776200004 ER PT J AU Schaetzl, RJ Krist, FJ Miller, BA AF Schaetzl, Randall J. Krist, Frank J., Jr. Miller, Bradley A. TI A Taxonomically Based Ordinal Estimate of Soil Productivity for Landscape-Scale Analyses SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Soil fertility; crop yield; soil taxonomy; GIS ID BIOCHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; QUALITY INDEX; FOREST SOILS; FERTILITY; MICHIGAN AB In this article, we introduce, evaluate, and apply a new ordinally based soil Productivity Index (PI). The PI uses family-level Soil Taxonomy information, that is, interpretations of features or properties, recognized in Soil Taxonomy, that tend to be associated with low or high soil productivity, to rank soils from 0 (least productive) to 19 (most productive). The index has a wide application generally at landscape scales. Unlike competing indexes, it does not require copious amounts of soil data, for example, pH, organic matter, or cation exchange capacity, in its derivation. Geographic information system applications of the PI, in particular, have great potential. Results confirmed that for 1,000 sites in southern Michigan, the mean PI of cultivated sites is significantly higher (10.94) than that of forested sites (7.77). We also compared the PI with published productivity values for Illinois soils. The positive statistical correlations that resulted confirmed that the PI is an effective measure of productivity for areas that do not have robust productivity data or a wealth of local soil knowledge, as does Illinois. Last, 2009 crop yield data for 11 Midwestern states were used to further evaluate the PI. In a geographic information system, we determined the soils and crops in particular fields and thus were able to ascertain the mean PI value per soil, per crop, per county. Statewide summaries of these data produced statistical correlations among yields of specific crops and PI values that were all positive; many exceeded 0.60. For regionally extensive applications, the PI may be as useful and robust as other indexes that have much more exacting data requirements. C1 [Schaetzl, Randall J.; Miller, Bradley A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Krist, Frank J., Jr.] US Forest Serv, GIS, Forest Hlth Technol Enterprise Team, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Schaetzl, RJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, 128 Geog Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM soils@msu.edu RI Miller, Bradley/K-8630-2012 OI Miller, Bradley/0000-0001-8194-123X FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service [08-DG-11420004-150] FX This study was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Award Number 08-DG-11420004-150. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 177 IS 4 BP 288 EP 299 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3182446c88 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 925QO UT WOS:000302776200008 ER PT J AU Dong, DS Stewart, H AF Dong, Diansheng Stewart, Hayden TI Modeling A Household's Choice among Food Store Types SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE store-type choices; household heterogeneity; purchase history; household milk purchases; multinominal logit model; Dirichlet distribution; Nielsen Homescan data; C51; D12 ID COMPETITION; VALUATION; GOODS AB A household's choice among the different types of food stores to patronize depends on characteristics of both the stores and the household. Store characteristics include prices and promotional deals. Two types of household characteristics are important: the household's specific purchase history and demographics. This study proposes a new multinomial logit model to account for these choice determinants. In an empirical application to fluid milk, we find that store characteristics and both household demographics and purchase history are significant determinants of a household's store-type choices and must all be included in a choice model. C1 [Dong, Diansheng; Stewart, Hayden] ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Dong, DS (reprint author), ERS, USDA, 355 East St SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD APR PY 2012 VL 94 IS 3 BP 702 EP 717 DI 10.1093/ajae/aas013 PG 16 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 914RY UT WOS:000301971000006 ER PT J AU Epstein, LH Raja, S Oluyomi, T Paluch, RA Wilfley, DEE Saelens, BE Roemmich, JN AF Epstein, Leonard H. Raja, Samina Oluyomi, Tinuke Paluch, Rocco A. Wilfley, Denise E. E. Saelens, Brian E. Roemmich, James N. TI ACTIVITY AND EATING BUILT ENVIRONMENTS INFLUENCE CHILD WEIGHT LOSS OVER TWO YEARS SO ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Raja, Samina] SUNY Buffalo, Sch Architecture & Planning, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. [Wilfley, Denise E. E.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. [Saelens, Brian E.] Seattle Childrens Hosp, Seattle, WA USA. [Roemmich, James N.] USDA ARS NPA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. EM toluyomi@buffalo.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0883-6612 J9 ANN BEHAV MED JI Ann. Behav. Med. PD APR PY 2012 VL 43 SU 1 BP S194 EP S194 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 916HQ UT WOS:000302092400753 ER PT J AU Lee, S Ward, TJ Siletzky, RM Kathariou, S AF Lee, Sangmi Ward, T. J. Siletzky, R. M. Kathariou, S. TI Two Novel Type II Restriction-Modification Systems Occupying Genomically Equivalent Locations on the Chromosomes of Listeria monocytogenes Strains SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPING ASSAY; EPIDEMIC CLONE-I; UNITED-STATES; GENE-TRANSFER; GENOME; BACTERIA; BACTERIOPHAGES; ENVIRONMENT; PATHOGEN; SEQUENCE AB Listeria monocytogenes is responsible for the potentially life-threatening food-borne disease listeriosis. One epidemic-associated clonal group of L. monocytogenes, epidemic clone I (ECI), harbors a Sau3AI-like restriction-modification (RM) system also present in the same genomic region in certain strains of other lineages. In this study, we identified and characterized two other, novel type II RM systems, LmoJ2 and LmoJ3, at this same locus. LmoJ2 and LmoJ3 appeared to recognize GCWGC (W = A or T) and GCNGC, respectively. Both RM systems consisted of genes with GC content below the genome average and were in the same genomic region in strains of different serotypes and lineages, suggesting site-specific horizontal gene transfer. Genomic DNA from the LmoJ2 and LmoJ3 strains grown at various temperatures (4 to 42 degrees C) was resistant to digestion with restriction enzymes recognizing GCWGC or GCNGC, indicating that the methyltransferases were expressed under these conditions. Phages propagated in an LmoJ2-harboring strain exhibited moderately increased infectivity for this strain at 4 and 8 degrees C but not at higher temperatures, while phages propagated in an LmoJ3 strain had dramatically increased infectivity for this strain at all temperatures. Among the sequenced Listeria phages, lytic phages possessed significantly fewer recognition sites for these RM systems than lysogenic phages, suggesting that in lytic phages sequence content evolved toward reduced susceptibility to such RM systems. The ability of LmoJ2 and LmoJ3 to protect against phages may affect the efficiency of phages as biocontrol agents for L. monocytogenes strains harboring these RM systems. C1 [Lee, Sangmi; Siletzky, R. M.; Kathariou, S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ward, T. J.] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. RP Kathariou, S (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM sophia_kathariou@ncsu.edu FU American Meat Institute Foundation; USDA [2006-35201-17377]; U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service FX This work was partially supported by a grant from the American Meat Institute Foundation, USDA grant 2006-35201-17377, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 78 IS 8 BP 2623 EP 2630 DI 10.1128/AEM.07203-11 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 917BP UT WOS:000302147300015 PM 22327591 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JW Brichta-Harhay, DM Kalchayanand, N Bosilevac, JM Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M AF Schmidt, John W. Brichta-Harhay, Dayna M. Kalchayanand, Norasak Bosilevac, Joseph M. Shackelford, Steven D. Wheeler, Tommy L. Koohmaraie, Mohammad TI Prevalence, Enumeration, Serotypes, and Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotypes of Salmonella enterica Isolates from Carcasses at Two Large United States Pork Processing Plants SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; SWINE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; DIRECT PLATING METHODS; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT; FECAL SAMPLES; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; INFECTIOUS DIARRHEA; FLAGELLAR ANTIGENS; CULTURE METHODS; MULTIPLEX PCR AB The objective of this study was to characterize Salmonella enterica contamination on carcasses in two large U. S. commercial pork processing plants. The carcasses were sampled at three points, before scalding (prescald), after dehairing/polishing but before evisceration (preevisceration), and after chilling (chilled final). The overall prevalences of Salmonella on carcasses at these three sampling points, prescald, preevisceration, and after chilling, were 91.2%, 19.1%, and 3.7%, respectively. At one of the two plants, the prevalence of Salmonella was significantly higher (P<0.01) for each of the carcass sampling points. The prevalences of carcasses with enumerable Salmonella at prescald, preevisceration, and after chilling were 37.7%, 4.8%, and 0.6%, respectively. A total of 294 prescald carcasses had Salmonella loads of >1.9 log CFU/100 cm(2), but these carcasses were not equally distributed between the two plants, as 234 occurred at the plant with higher Salmonella prevalences. Forty-one serotypes were identified on prescald carcasses with Salmonella enterica serotypes Derby, Typhimurium, and Anatum predominating. S. enterica serotypes Typhimurium and London were the most common of the 24 serotypes isolated from preevisceration carcasses. The Salmonella serotypes Johannesburg and Typhimurium were the most frequently isolated serotypes of the 9 serotypes identified from chilled final carcasses. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined for selected isolates from each carcass sampling point. Multiple drug resistance (MDR), defined as resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobial agents, was identified for 71.2%, 47.8%, and 77.5% of the tested isolates from prescald, preevisceration, and chilled final carcasses, respectively. The results of this study indicate that the interventions used by pork processing plants greatly reduce the prevalence of Salmonella on carcasses, but MDR Salmonella was isolated from 3.2% of the final carcasses sampled. C1 [Schmidt, John W.; Brichta-Harhay, Dayna M.; Kalchayanand, Norasak; Bosilevac, Joseph M.; Shackelford, Steven D.; Wheeler, Tommy L.; Koohmaraie, Mohammad] ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Schmidt, JW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. EM john.w.schmidt@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013; OI Schmidt, John/0000-0003-0494-2436 FU Pork Checkoff FX This project was funded in part by The Pork Checkoff. NR 66 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 78 IS 8 BP 2716 EP 2726 DI 10.1128/AEM.07015-11 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 917BP UT WOS:000302147300025 PM 22327585 ER PT J AU Kollanoor-Johny, A Mattson, T Baskaran, SA Amalaradjou, MA Babapoor, S March, B Valipe, S Darre, M Hoagland, T Schreiber, D Khan, MI Donoghue, A Donoghue, D Venkitanarayanan, K AF Kollanoor-Johny, Anup Mattson, Tyler Baskaran, Sangeetha Ananda Amalaradjou, Mary Anne Babapoor, Sankhiros March, Benjamin Valipe, Satyender Darre, Michael Hoagland, Thomas Schreiber, David Khan, Mazhar I. Donoghue, Ann Donoghue, Dan Venkitanarayanan, Kumar TI Reduction of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Colonization in 20-Day-Old Broiler Chickens by the Plant-Derived Compounds trans-Cinnamaldehyde and Eugenol SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; IN-VITRO; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; TYPHIMURIUM DT104; ESSENTIAL OILS; CECAL CONTENTS; INFECTION; INVASION; EXPRESSION; BACTERIA AB The efficacies of trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) and eugenol (EG) for reducing Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis colonization in broiler chickens were investigated. In three experiments for each compound, 1-day-old chicks (n = 75/experiment) were randomly assigned to five treatment groups (n = 15/treatment group): negative control (-ve S. Enteritidis, -ve TC, or EG), compound control (-ve S. Enteritidis, +ve 0.75% [vol/wt] TC or 1% [vol/wt] EG), positive control (+ve S. Enteritidis, -ve TC, or EG), low-dose treatment (+ve S. Enteritidis, +ve 0.5% TC, or 0.75% EG), and high-dose treatment (+ve S. Enteritidis, +ve 0.75% TC, or 1% EG). On day 0, birds were tested for the presence of any inherent Salmonella (n = 5/experiment). On day 8, birds were inoculated with similar to 8.0 log(10) CFU S. Enteritidis, and cecal colonization by S. Enteritidis was ascertained (n = 10 chicks/experiment) after 24 h (day 9). Six birds from each treatment group were euthanized on days 7 and 10 after inoculation, and cecal S. Enteritidis numbers were determined. TC at 0.5 or 0.75% and EG at 0.75 or 1% consistently reduced (P < 0.05) S. Enteritidis in the cecum (>= 3 log(10) CFU/g) after 10 days of infection in all experiments. Feed intake and body weight were not different for TC treatments (P > 0.05); however, EG supplementation led to significantly lower (P < 0.05) body weights. Follow-up in vitro experiments revealed that the subinhibitory concentrations (SICs, the concentrations that did not inhibit Salmonella growth) of TC and EG reduced the motility and invasive abilities of S. Enteritidis and downregulated expression of the motility genes flhC and motA and invasion genes hilA, hilD, and invF. The results suggest that supplementation with TC and EG through feed can reduce S. Enteritidis colonization in chickens. C1 [Kollanoor-Johny, Anup; Mattson, Tyler; Baskaran, Sangeetha Ananda; Amalaradjou, Mary Anne; March, Benjamin; Valipe, Satyender; Darre, Michael; Hoagland, Thomas; Schreiber, David; Venkitanarayanan, Kumar] Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, Storrs, CT USA. [Babapoor, Sankhiros; Khan, Mazhar I.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT USA. [Donoghue, Ann] USDA, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR USA. [Donoghue, Dan] Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Venkitanarayanan, K (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, Storrs, CT USA. EM kumar.venkitanarayanan@uconn.edu RI Kollanoor Johny, Anup/J-3771-2015 FU USDA-NIFA [2009-03576] FX This work was funded by USDA-NIFA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative grant number 2009-03576, awarded to K. Venkitanarayanan and D. Donoghue. NR 47 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 78 IS 8 BP 2981 EP 2987 DI 10.1128/AEM.07643-11 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 917BP UT WOS:000302147300056 PM 22327574 ER PT J AU Yemshanov, D Koch, FH Ducey, M Koehler, K AF Yemshanov, Denys Koch, Frank H. Ducey, Mark Koehler, Klaus TI Trade-associated pathways of alien forest insect entries in Canada SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Pathway analysis; Invasive species; International trade; Freight transport; Human-assisted entry; Long-distance spread ID EXOTIC SPECIES INTRODUCTIONS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; UNITED-STATES; INTERNATIONAL-TRADE; COMPLEX NETWORKS; SIREX-NOCTILIO; MODELS; RISK; TRANSPORT; SPREAD AB Long-distance introductions of new invasive species have often been driven by socioeconomic factors, such that traditional "biological" invasion models may not be capable of estimating spread fully and reliably. In this study we present a new methodology to characterize and predict pathways of human-assisted entries of alien forest insects. We have developed a stochastic quantitative model of how these species may be moved with commodity flow through a network of international marine ports and major transportation corridors in Canada. The study makes use of a Canadian roadside survey database and data on Canadian marine imports, complemented with geo-referenced information on ports of entry, populated places and empirical observations of historical spread rates for invasive pests. The model is formulated as a probabilistic pathway matrix, and allows for quantitative characterization of likelihoods and vectors of new pest introductions from already or likely-to-be infested locations. We applied the pathway model to estimate the rates of human-assisted entry of alien forest insect species across Canada as well as cross-border transport to locations in the US. Results suggest a relatively low nationwide entry rate for Canada when compared to the US (0.338 new forest insect species per year vs. 1.89). Among Canadian urban areas, Greater Toronto and Greater Vancouver appear to have the highest alien forest insect entry potential, exhibiting species entry rates that are comparable with estimated rates at mid-size US urban metropolises. C1 [Yemshanov, Denys] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Koch, Frank H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Ducey, Mark] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Yemshanov, D (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, 1219 Queen St E, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. EM dyemshan@nrcan.gc.ca RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016; OI Koch, Frank/0000-0002-3750-4507 FU NRCan-CFIA Forest Invasive Alien Species initiative; USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville, NC [09-JV-11330146-087, 10-JV-11330146-064]; North Carolina State University [09-JV-11330146-087, 10-JV-11330146-064]; Agriculture and Food Research Initiative from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2010-85605-20584] FX The authors extend their gratitude and thanks to Kirsty Willson, Marty Siltanen (Natural Resources Canada) and Ryan McMillan (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources) for technical support and diligence with preparing the Canadian roadside database and helping undertake the pathway modeling study; Marcel Dowson, Julia Dunlop and Annie Baxter (Canadian Food Inspection Agency) for help with acquiring the Canadian roadside database; and Roger Magarey (North Carolina State University) and Joseph Cavey (USDA APHIS) for help with accessing the PestID database. The participation of Denys Yemshanov was supported by interdepartmental NRCan-CFIA Forest Invasive Alien Species initiative. The participation of Frank Koch was supported by Research Joint Venture Agreements #09-JV-11330146-087 and #10-JV-11330146-064 between the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville, NC and North Carolina State University. The participation of Mark Ducey was supported by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program Grant No. 2010-85605-20584 from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 53 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 51 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD APR PY 2012 VL 14 IS 4 BP 797 EP 812 DI 10.1007/s10530-011-0117-5 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 916KL UT WOS:000302101800004 ER PT J AU Olson, CA Beard, KH Koons, DN Pitt, WC AF Olson, Christina A. Beard, Karen H. Koons, David N. Pitt, William C. TI Detection probabilities of two introduced frogs in Hawaii: implications for assessing non-native species distributions SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Invasive; Coqui frog; Greenhouse frog; Amphibian; Hawaii; Occupancy modeling ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; PUERTO-RICAN FROG; ELEUTHERODACTYLUS-COQUI; INVASIVE FROG; RATES; LEPTODACTYLIDAE; DETECTABILITY; ABSENCE; ANURA AB Two nonnative Caribbean frogs, the Puerto Rican coqui and the Cuban greenhouse frog, recently invaded Hawaii. Because of its louder breeding call, management efforts have focused on the coqui, while little has been done to address the more cryptic greenhouse frog, even though it may be as widespread and have similar ecological impacts. The goal of this research was to determine the distribution and detection probability of both species on the island of Hawaii. We conducted a breeding call presence/absence survey at 446 sites every 2 km along major road networks. We re-surveyed 125 sites twice to determine detection and occupancy probabilities. Greenhouse frog detection probabilities (0.24, 0.29, 0.48, for each of the three visits, respectively) were lower than coqui detection probabilities (0.58, 0.73, 0.50, respectively) and increased with visits while those of the coqui did not. Greenhouse frog detection probabilities were lower in the presence of coquis for the first two surveys (0.12, 0.14) than in sites with greenhouse frogs alone (0.41), while greenhouse frogs had no effect on the detection of coquis. Site occupancy estimates for the greenhouse and coqui frog were 0.35 and 0.31, respectively, suggesting the species are similarly widespread. Results suggest multiple visits to sites are required to detect the greenhouse frog. Furthermore, results suggest that accounting for detectability is essential when determining the extent of invasion of cryptic species. C1 [Olson, Christina A.; Beard, Karen H.; Koons, David N.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Olson, Christina A.; Beard, Karen H.; Koons, David N.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Pitt, William C.] Hawaii Field Stn, USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96721 USA. RP Beard, KH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM karen.beard@usu.edu RI Beard, Karen/B-7177-2011 FU Jack H. Berryman Institute; USDA Wildlife Services Hilo Field Station; Ecology Center at Utah State University FX Support for this research came from the Jack H. Berryman Institute, USDA Wildlife Services Hilo Field Station, and the Ecology Center at Utah State University. We thank A. Huff for field assistance and T. Evans for comments on previous versions. Research was conducted under IACUC Protocol #1402 and the following State of Hawaii permits: Injurious Wildlife Export, and DLNR/DSP Scientific Research, DLNR/DOFAW Access to Land and Native Invertebrate. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD APR PY 2012 VL 14 IS 4 BP 889 EP 900 DI 10.1007/s10530-011-0125-5 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 916KL UT WOS:000302101800011 ER PT J AU Pearson, DE Ortega, YK Sears, SJ AF Pearson, Dean E. Ortega, Yvette K. Sears, Samantha J. TI Darwin's naturalization hypothesis up-close: Intermountain grassland invaders differ morphologically and phenologically from native community dominants SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Biotic resistance; Fire; Invasion; Life history strategy; Morphology; Niche; Phenology ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PLANT INVASIONS; EXOTIC PLANT; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; PRESCRIBED FIRE; ECOLOGY; TRAITS; BIODIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT; PATTERNS AB Darwin's naturalization hypothesis predicts that successful invaders will tend to differ taxonomically from native species in recipient communities because less related species exhibit lower niche overlap and experience reduced biotic resistance. This hypothesis has garnered substantial support at coarse scales. However, at finer scales, the influence of traits and niche use on invasibility and invader impacts is poorly understood. Within grasslands of western Montana, USA, we compared morphological and phenological traits for five top exotic invasive forbs and five dominant native forbs using multivariate techniques to examine niche separation between exotics and natives. Exotic forbs differed from native forbs in multivariate space. Phenologically, native forbs synchronized vegetative growth with bolting and flowering early in spring. In contrast, exotics initiated vegetative growth concurrent with natives but bolted and flowered later. Morphologically, vegetative growth of exotics was three times shorter and narrower, but flowering stem growth was 35% taller and 65% wider than the natives. Collectively, these patterns suggest different strategies of resource uptake and allocation. Additionally, following wildfire, survival was four times higher for exotics compared to natives, and three times more of the surviving exotics flowered. The exotics we examined appeared to be exploiting an empty community-level niche. The resulting pattern of trait differences between exotics and natives suggests a predictable pattern of invasion and a predictable trajectory of community change. Our results illustrate how quantifying trait differences between invading exotics and natives at the within-community scale can improve understandings of community invasibility and invader impacts. C1 [Pearson, Dean E.; Ortega, Yvette K.; Sears, Samantha J.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Pearson, Dean E.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Pearson, DE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 800 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM dpearson@fs.fed.us FU Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service FX This manuscript was greatly improved by helpful comments from the associate editor and anonymous reviewers. Funding for this research was provided by the Bitterroot Ecosystem Management Research Project, and the Wildlife and Terrestrial Ecosystems Program of the Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service. NR 61 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD APR PY 2012 VL 14 IS 4 BP 901 EP 913 DI 10.1007/s10530-011-0126-4 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 916KL UT WOS:000302101800012 ER PT J AU Guillory, IK Cullen, KW Thompson, D Watson, KB AF Guillory, Ivan K. Cullen, Karen W. Thompson, Deborah Watson, Kathy B. TI Physical Activity in Youth With Well-Controlled Versus Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes SO CLINICAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE type 2 diabetes; physical activity; youth; A1c; glucose control ID INSULIN SENSITIVITY; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; OVERWEIGHT; EXERCISE; HEALTH; RESISTANCE; MELLITUS; WEIGHT AB Purpose. Type 2 diabetes increases risk of chronic disease. The recommendations are for youth to attain at least 60 minutes of daily physical activity (PA). Fewer than 20% achieve this goal. This study examines differences between blood glucose control and PA in youth with type 2 diabetes. Methods. A1c levels and PA were tested in youth 9 to 17 years old with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes during clinic visits. Average daily minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was calculated. Differences in MVPA were investigated. Results. Slightly more than half of youth had well-controlled diabetes. All engaged in less PA than recommended. Youth with well-controlled diabetes engaged in slightly less MVPA than those whose diabetes was not in control. There were no significant differences in minutes of MVPA by gender, race, or diabetes control. Conclusions. It is necessary to identify ways to increase PA among youth with type 2 diabetes. C1 [Guillory, Ivan K.; Cullen, Karen W.; Thompson, Deborah; Watson, Kathy B.] Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Guillory, IK (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St,Suite 2065, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM ikguillo@bcm.edu FU National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [RO1HD050585-S1]; USDA/ARS [58-6250-6001] FX This research was primarily funded by a grant from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (#RO1HD050585-S1). This work is also a publication of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, and had been funded in part with federal funds from the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6250-6001. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0009-9228 J9 CLIN PEDIATR JI Clin. Pediatr. PD APR PY 2012 VL 51 IS 4 BP 354 EP 358 DI 10.1177/0009922811427665 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 915FF UT WOS:000302008800007 PM 22053069 ER PT J AU Schlaepfer, DR Lauenroth, WK Bradford, JB AF Schlaepfer, Daniel R. Lauenroth, William K. Bradford, John B. TI Effects of ecohydrological variables on current and future ranges, local suitability patterns, and model accuracy in big sagebrush SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; WATER AVAILABILITY; ECOLOGICAL THEORY; DISTRIBUTIONS; DYNAMICS; PREDICTIONS; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEMS AB Forecasting of species and ecosystem responses to novel conditions, including climate change, is one of the major challenges facing ecologists at the start of the 21st century. Climate change studies based on species distribution models (SDMs) have been criticized because they extend correlational relationships beyond the observed data. Here, we compared conventional climate-based SDMs against ecohydrological SDMs that include information from process-based simulations of water balance. We examined the current and future distribution of Artemisia tridentata (big sagebrush) representing sagebrush ecosystems, which are widespread in semiarid western North America. For each approach, we calculated ensemble models from nine SDM methods and tested accuracy of each SDM with a null distribution. Climatic conditions included current conditions for 19701999 and two IPCC projections B1 and A2 for 20702099. Ecohydrological conditions were assessed by simulating soil water balance with SOILWAT, a daily time-step, multiple layer, mechanistic, soil water model. Under current conditions, both climatic and ecohydrological SDM approaches produced comparable sagebrush distributions. Overall, sagebrush distribution is forecasted to decrease, with larger decreases under the A2 than under the B1 scenario and strong decreases in the southern part of the range. Increases were forecasted in the northern parts and at higher elevations. Both SDM approaches produced accurate predictions. However, the ecohydrological SDM approach was slightly less accurate than climatic SDMs (-1% in AUC, -4% in Kappa and TSS) and predicted a higher number of habitat patches than observed in the input data. Future predictions of ecohydrological SDMs included an increased number of habitat patches whereas climatic SDMs predicted a decrease. This difference is important for understanding landscape-scale patterns of sagebrush ecosystems and management of sagebrush obligate species for future conditions. Several mechanisms can explain the diverging forecasts; however, we need better insights into the consequences of different datasets for SDMs and how these affect our understanding of future trajectories. C1 [Schlaepfer, Daniel R.; Lauenroth, William K.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Schlaepfer, DR (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM dschlaep@uwyo.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011; Schlaepfer, Daniel/D-1756-2009 OI Schlaepfer, Daniel/0000-0001-9973-2065 FU Univ. of Wyoming; USDA Forest Service FX The work was made possible by funding from the Univ. of Wyoming and the USDA Forest Service. We thank the editor for helpful comments on an earlier version. NR 67 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0906-7590 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD APR PY 2012 VL 35 IS 4 BP 374 EP 384 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2011.06928.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 919CA UT WOS:000302297100011 ER PT J AU Fried, SK Greenberg, AS AF Fried, Susan K. Greenberg, Andrew S. TI Lipocalin 2: A "Sexy" Adipokine that Regulates 17 beta-Estradiol and Obesity SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE; MICE; INFLAMMATION C1 [Fried, Susan K.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Nutr, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Greenberg, Andrew S.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Fried, SK (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Nutr, Dept Med, 650 Albany St,X815, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM skfried@bu.edu; andrew.greenberg@tufts.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK082574, DK082574, DK59823, P30 DK046299, R15 DK080488, DK080488, R24DK0867669]; NIEHS NIH HHS [1RC2ES01871] NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD APR PY 2012 VL 153 IS 4 BP 1582 EP 1584 DI 10.1210/en.2012-1012 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 917JG UT WOS:000302169800006 PM 22408176 ER PT J AU Van Kessel, JAS Karns, JS Wolfgang, DR Hovingh, E Schukken, YH AF Van Kessel, Jo Ann S. Karns, Jeffrey S. Wolfgang, David R. Hovingh, Ernest Schukken, Ynte H. TI Dynamics of Salmonella Serotype Shifts in an Endemically Infected Dairy Herd SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; BULK TANK MILK; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; FECAL PREVALENCE; SEROVAR CERRO; US DAIRIES; ENTERICA; CATTLE; FARM AB Salmonella is a leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States. It is a zoonotic pathogen found in many species of food animals, and contamination of foodstuffs by strains of Salmonella found on farms is an important source of human exposure. Here we describe a long-term (2004-2010) study of Salmonella colonization on a typical dairy farm in the Northeastern United States. The fecal shedding prevalence in the herd ranged from 8% to 97%, and greater than 50% of the herd was shedding Salmonella for more than two-thirds of the study period. Salmonella enterica serotype Cerro was first detected in September 2004, after a small and very short-lived outbreak of Salmonella Kentucky. Cerro persisted within the herd for over 3 years, with no clinical signs of salmonellosis in the animals. In the winter of 2006, Kentucky was again detected within the herd, and over a 2-year period, Kentucky gradually supplanted Cerro. Kentucky was the only serotype detected from March 2008 until September 2009, when Cerro was again detected in 15% of the cows on the farm. Since September 2009, Kentucky and Cerro have coexisted within the herd, which continues to harbor these serotypes at high prevalence. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) could not discern differences between Cerro strains isolated during this study, but it did suggest that the strain of Kentucky that seemed to behave as a commensal in these dairy cows is distinct from the transient strain isolated in 2004. Understanding the dynamics of competition between these two serotypes that seem to behave as commensal colonizers of dairy cows may provide insights into the mechanisms by which Salmonella establishes infection in the lower gut of dairy cows and may lead to the development of measures to prevent or limit Salmonella colonization of dairy cows. C1 [Van Kessel, Jo Ann S.; Karns, Jeffrey S.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wolfgang, David R.; Hovingh, Ernest] Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schukken, Ynte H.] Cornell Univ, Qual Milk Prod Serv, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Van Kessel, JAS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, ANRI, Bldg 173,Room 202,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM joann.vankessel@ars.usda.gov RI Schukken, Ynte/C-3405-2008 OI Schukken, Ynte/0000-0002-8250-4194 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD APR PY 2012 VL 9 IS 4 BP 319 EP 324 DI 10.1089/fpd.2011.1054 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 916XU UT WOS:000302137300006 PM 22300223 ER PT J AU Joerger, RD Sartori, C Frye, JG Turpin, JB Schmidt, C McClelland, M Porwollik, S AF Joerger, Rolf D. Sartori, Casey Frye, Jonathan G. Turpin, Jennifer B. Schmidt, Carl McClelland, Michael Porwollik, Steffen TI Gene Expression Analysis of Salmonella enterica Enteritidis Nal(R) and Salmonella enterica Kentucky 3795 Exposed to HCl and Acetic Acid in Rich Medium SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID INDUCIBLE ASR GENE; MICROARRAY DATA-ANALYSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; TOLERANCE RESPONSE; TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL; VIRULENCE; POULTRY; PROTEIN AB In the United States, serovar Kentucky has become one of the most frequently isolated Salmonella enterica serovars from chickens. The reasons for this prevalence are not well understood. Phenotypic comparisons of poultry Salmonella isolates belonging to various serovars demonstrated that serovar Kentucky isolates differed from those of most other serovars in their response to acid. Microarray and qPCR analyses were performed with aerated exponentially growing poultry isolates, Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky 3795 and Enteritidis Nal(R), exposed for 10 min to tryptic soy broth (TSB) adjusted to pH 4.5 with HCl and to pH 5.5 with HCl or acetic acid. Data obtained by microarray analysis indicated that more genes were up-or down-regulated in strain Kentucky 3795 than in Enteritidis Nal(R) under acidic conditions. Acid exposure in general caused up-regulation of energy metabolism genes and down-regulation of protein synthesis genes, particularly of ribosomal protein genes. Both strains appear to similarly utilize the lysine-based pH homeostasis system, as up-regulation of cadB was observed under the acidic conditions. Expression of regulatory genes (rpoS, fur, phoPQ) known to be involved in the acid response showed similar trends in both isolates. Differences between Kentucky 3795 and Enteritidis Nal(R) were observed with respect to the expression of the hdeB-like locus SEN1493 (potentially encoding a chaperone important to acid response), and some differences in the expression of other genes such as those involved in citrate utilization and motility were noted. It appears that the early stages of the transcriptional response to acid by isolates Kentucky 3795 and Enteritidis Nal(R) are similar, but differences exist in the scope and in some facets of the response. Possibly, the quantitative differences observed might lead to differences in protein levels that could explain the observed differences in the acid phenotype of serovar Kentucky and other Salmonella serovars. C1 [Joerger, Rolf D.; Sartori, Casey; Schmidt, Carl] Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Frye, Jonathan G.; Turpin, Jennifer B.] ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, USDA, Athens, GA USA. [McClelland, Michael; Porwollik, Steffen] Vaccine Res Inst San Diego, Dept Canc Genet, San Diego, CA USA. RP Joerger, RD (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, 018 Townsend Hall, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM rjoerger@udel.edu RI Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013; OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395; Schmidt, Carl/0000-0002-8386-4781; McClelland, Michael/0000-0003-1788-9347 FU Avian Biotechnology Center at the University of Delaware; USDA from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2008-38420-18732]; USDA [2009-03579]; NIH [R01AI083646, R01AI075093] FX Funding for the study was provided by the Avian Biotechnology Center at the University of Delaware. C. S. was supported by the USDA (National Needs Graduate Fellowship Competitive grant 2008-38420-18732 from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture). M. M. and S. P. were supported, in part, by the USDA (grant 2009-03579) and the NIH (grants R01AI083646 and R01AI075093). NR 42 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD APR PY 2012 VL 9 IS 4 BP 331 EP 337 DI 10.1089/fpd.2011.0984 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 916XU UT WOS:000302137300008 PM 22356573 ER PT J AU Kudva, IT AF Kudva, Indira T. TI In Vitro Adherence Patterns of Shigella Serogroups to Bovine Recto-Anal Junction Squamous Epithelial (RSE) Cells Are Similar to Those of Escherichia coli O157 SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID COLONIZATION; ADHESION; MANNOSE; CATTLE AB The aims of this study were to determine whether Shigella species, which are human gastrointestinal pathogens, can adhere to cattle recto-anal junction squamous epithelial (RSE) cells using a recently standardized in vitro adherence assay, and to compare their adherence patterns with that of Escherichia coli O157. Shigella dysenteriae (serogroup A), S. flexneri (serogroup B), S. boydii (serogroup C), and S. sonnei (serogroup D) were tested in adherence assays using both RSE and HEp-2 cells, in the presence or absence of D+mannose. Escherichia coli O157, which adheres to RSE cells in a Type I fimbriae-independent manner, was used as a positive control. Shigella serogroups A, B, D, but not C adhered to RSE cells with distinct adherence patterns in the presence of D+mannose. No such distinction could be made between the four Shigella serogroups based on the HEp-2 cell adherence patterns. Thus, this study provides evidence that certain Shigella serogroups adhere to RSE cells in a manner that is similar to the adherence pattern of E. coli O157. These unexpected observations of in vitro binding of these foodborne human pathogens to cells of the bovine gastrointestinal tract warrant evaluation of Shigella carriage by cattle using both experimental and observational studies, especially for serogroups B and D. Such studies are currently underway. C1 ARS, Food Safety & Enter Pathogens Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Kudva, IT (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety & Enter Pathogens Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 1 North,Bldg 20,1121, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Indira.Kudva@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD APR PY 2012 VL 9 IS 4 BP 346 EP 351 DI 10.1089/fpd.2011.1021 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 916XU UT WOS:000302137300010 PM 22401271 ER PT J AU Woodall, CW Perry, CH Westfall, JA AF Woodall, Christopher W. Perry, Charles H. Westfall, James A. TI An empirical assessment of forest floor carbon stock components across the United States SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbon; Litter; Humus; Forest floor; Greenhouse gas inventory; Fine woody debris ID WOODY MATERIAL; SOIL; INVENTORY; MINNESOTA; STORAGE; USA AB Despite its prevalent reporting in regional/national greenhouse gas inventories (NGHGI), forest floor (FF) carbon (C) stocks (including litter, humus, and fine woody debris [FWD]) have not been empirically measured using a consistent approach across forests of the US. The goal of this study was to use the first national field inventory of litter and humic layer depths, along with FWD volumes, to assess their basic attributes (e.g., depths/volumes) and refine NGHGI approaches to FF C stock monitoring. Results suggest that FF C stocks are present in nearly 99% of US forests with a median estimate of 25.6 Mg/ha, albeit with tremendous spatial variation in litter/humic depths and FWD volumes. Relative to aboveground live tree biomass C stocks, which typically range from 20 to 200 Mg/ha, nearly a quarter of US forests have minor FF C stocks (<14 Mg/ha), while approximately 10% of US forests may have substantial FF C stocks (>93 Mg/ha). Conditions conducive to large FF C stocks may be stochastic disturbance events that result in high volumes of FWD and/or climatic/physiographic conditions that slow decomposition (e.g., peatland ecosystems found in northern or coastal forest ecosystems). As soil and dead wood field inventories may only sample litter/humic depths and FWD counts by diameter class, C stock estimation procedures are heavily reliant on estimation constants (e.g., bulk/wood density). It was found that the variability in estimation constants may have a much stronger effect on resulting FF C stock estimates than the field measurements (e.g., litter layer depths) themselves. The monitoring of FF C stocks, along with the maintenance of site productivity and associated ecosystem services, would benefit from refined sample protocols in ecosystems with deep humic layers and coupling field data with lab analysis of bulk/wood density and C content from soil sampling programs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Woodall, Christopher W.; Perry, Charles H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Westfall, James A.] USAF, USDA, No Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Newtown Sq, PA USA. RP Woodall, CW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM cwoodall@fs.fed.us OI Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214; Perry, Charles/0000-0001-9377-5996 NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 1 PY 2012 VL 269 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.12.041 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 912NQ UT WOS:000301807300001 ER PT J AU Palik, BJ Ostry, ME Venette, RC Abdela, E AF Palik, Brian J. Ostry, Michael E. Venette, Robert C. Abdela, Ebrahim TI Tree regeneration in black ash (Fraxinus nigra) stands exhibiting crown dieback in Minnesota SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Black ash; Tree mortality; Regeneration; Lowland hardwood; Emerald ash borer AB Crown dieback and mortality of black ash (Fraxinus nigra) has been noted across the range of the species in North America for several decades. Causes of dieback and mortality are not definitive, but may be related to spring drought or excessive moisture. Where black ash is the dominant tree species in the forest, continued dieback and mortality may result in open, non-forest systems in the future. There is only limited research that has examined tree regeneration in black ash-dominated forests and none in stands experiencing dieback and mortality. Such studies are needed to better understand likely successional dynamics of impacted stands. Our objective was to quantify tree regeneration of black ash and other species in stands with and without crown dieback and mortality, to elucidate potential successional trajectories with decline and loss of black ash. We assessed 54 stands in Minnesota exhibiting a range of black ash crown dieback and mortality. Dieback and mortality in the black ash sapling layer were positively correlated with the same condition in the overstory, suggesting that saplings may not replace dead overstory trees. The next most abundant sapling-sized species was speckled alder, a non-canopy species, indicating that replacement tree species for black ash are not currently abundant. Black ash seedling densities were generally low, suggesting that a pool of advance regeneration is not available to replace black ash. Other canopy potential species were limited in the seedling layer, while abundance of shrubs was generally high. Our results suggest a high potential for loss of a tree layer in these stands and conversion to open, shrub dominated systems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Palik, Brian J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Ostry, Michael E.; Venette, Robert C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Abdela, Ebrahim] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Palik, BJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM bpalik@fs.fed.us; mostry@fs.fed.us; rvenette@fs.fed.us; eabdela@umn.edu FU USDA Forest Service FX Funding for this work came from the USDA Forest Service Forest Health Monitoring Program. We thank Manfred Mielke for advice and support and John Elioff and Josh Kracleau for data collection. An anonymous reviewer greatly improved the manuscript. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 1 PY 2012 VL 269 BP 26 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.12.020 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 912NQ UT WOS:000301807300004 ER PT J AU Jolly, WM Parsons, RA Hadlow, AM Cohn, GM McAllister, SS Popp, JB Hubbard, RM Negron, JF AF Jolly, W. Matt Parsons, Russell A. Hadlow, Ann M. Cohn, Greg M. McAllister, Sara S. Popp, John B. Hubbard, Robert M. Negron, Jose F. TI Relationships between moisture, chemistry, and ignition of Pinus contorta needles during the early stages of mountain pine beetle attack SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fuel moisture; Carbohydrates; Crude fat; Mountain pine beetle; Flammability; Crown fire ID LODGEPOLE PINE; CROWN FIRE; FORESTS; STANDS; COLORADO; BEHAVIOR; PROBABILITY; OUTBREAKS; EPIDEMIC; RED AB Very little is known about how foliar moisture and chemistry change after a mountain pine beetle attack and even less is known about how these intrinsic foliar characteristics alter foliage ignitability. Here, we examine the fuel characteristics and ignition potential of Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine) foliage during the early stages of a mountain pine beetle attack. Foliar samples were taken periodically from multiple trees identified as green (healthy, unattacked), recently attacked, or red (dead). The fuel moisture content, chemical composition, and time to ignition of needles from each attack category were quantified. Foliar moisture contents varied by an order of magnitude between the attack categories and were lowest for red needles (similar to 12% on average), highest for green needles (similar to 109% on average), and most variable for needles of recently attacked trees. Dry matter proportions of fiber in the needles of attacked and red trees were nearly twice that of green needles. Starch and sugar levels were much lower in the needles of attacked and red trees than green trees. Crude fat contents also differed between the attack categories. Time to ignition was strongly related to time since beetle attack. Ignition times varied from as little as 11 s for red needles to 41 s for green needles. A combined model of foliar moisture content, fiber, and crude fat explained 92% of the variation in the foliar time to ignition. Results show that decreased moisture contents and changes in foliar chemistry increase the foliar flammability of mountain pine beetle-attacked trees. This suggests that less heat would be required to ignite the foliage of attacked trees and thus crown fire potential may be higher in attacked stands as long as foliage is retained on the tree. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jolly, W. Matt; Parsons, Russell A.; Hadlow, Ann M.; Cohn, Greg M.; McAllister, Sara S.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Popp, John B.; Hubbard, Robert M.; Negron, Jose F.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Jolly, WM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, 5775 Hwy 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM mjolly@fs.fed.us RI Hubbard, Robert/J-6059-2012; OI Cohn, Greg/0000-0002-3427-6932 NR 38 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 1 PY 2012 VL 269 BP 52 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.12.022 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 912NQ UT WOS:000301807300007 ER PT J AU Hatten, J Zabowski, D Ogden, A Theis, W Choi, B AF Hatten, Jeff Zabowski, Darlene Ogden, Amanda Theis, Walt Choi, Byoungkoo TI Role of season and interval of prescribed burning on ponderosa pine growth in relation to soil inorganic N and P and moisture SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Pinus ponderosa; Prescribed burning; Fire severity; Forest soil; Soil moisture; Nitrogen ID ORGANIC-MATTER; EASTERN OREGON; FIRE; FORESTS; NITROGEN; WILDFIRE; STANDS; TEMPERATURE; MOUNTAINS; MORTALITY AB Fire exclusion over the past 100 years has changed the vegetative community and led to an increase in the propensity for large catastrophic wildfires of ponderosa pine forests. Prescribed burning is used to reduce fuel loads and achieve desired stand conditions while the impact caused by this restoration process is primarily dependent on the severity of the fire, which is managed by burning in either fall or spring. The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of season and interval of burn on soil and tree productivity in a ponderosa pine forest in Malheur National Forest of the southern Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon. Prescribed burning was initiated in the spring of 1997 and fall of 1997 at 5- and 15-year intervals. This study was initiated in 2004 so that the 5-year interval plots had burned twice with 12 years of recovery while the 15-year interval plots had burned only once with 6-7 years of recovery since the last fire. Soils were sampled by major genetic horizon and A horizon samples were analyzed for soil available nitrogen (KCl extractable NF4+ and NO3-) and phosphorous (Bray 1 extract). Soil temperature (2 cm) and moisture (7.5, 25, 50, and 100 cm) were monitored for 24 months. Observations and previous studies indicated that fall burns were more severe than spring burns consuming more fuel and leading to higher rates of tree mortality. Extractable NH4+ and phosphate increased with multiple burns relative to the single burn treatments, but were statistically similar to the control. Soil temperatures were found to be highest in the more severe fall burn treatments, particularly the 5-year interval burns. Soil moisture was also slightly higher with the 5-year interval burns, possibly due to reduced transpiration from understory vegetation and/or reduced interception by the 0 horizon. These changes to the soil did not significantly affect ponderosa pine growth relative to the control and may have caused a slight increase in tree growth with the spring burns applied at a 5-year interval relative to the other burn treatments. We hypothesize that low severity spring burning improved the soil growing environment without injuring trees. Combined with results from previous studies spring burns appear to preserve stand productivity, soil carbon and nitrogen, and understory vegetative communities. However, more research is necessary to examine the long-term consequences of repeated burning in these forest types. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hatten, Jeff; Choi, Byoungkoo] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Zabowski, Darlene] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ogden, Amanda] USA, Corps Engineers, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. [Theis, Walt] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hatten, J (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Mail Stop 9681, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jhatten@cfr.msstate.edu RI Hatten, Jeff/E-7742-2010 OI Hatten, Jeff/0000-0002-1685-6351 FU Joint Fire Science Program under Project JFSP [04-2-1-85] FX We acknowledge funding from the Joint Fire Science Program under Project JFSP 04-2-1-85. This is Forest and Wildlife Research Center Contribution number FO417. The authors would also like to thank the Malheur National Forest and the Emigrant Creek Ranger District for their support in the planning and execution of this study. We also thank Eric Turnblom for statistical consulting; Garrett Liles, Brian Strahm, and Pat Hatten for field assistance and Dongsen Xue for laboratory assistance. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 1 PY 2012 VL 269 BP 106 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.12.036 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 912NQ UT WOS:000301807300013 ER PT J AU Litschert, SE Brown, TC Theobald, DM AF Litschert, Sandra E. Brown, Thomas C. Theobald, David M. TI Historic and future extent of wildfires in the Southern Rockies Ecoregion, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Wildfires; Climate change; Downscaled climate data; Burned area model; Southern Rockies Ecoregion ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; FIRE REGIMES; CLIMATE; FORESTS; PRECIPITATION; MANAGEMENT; SIGNALS; MODEL AB Wildfires play a formative role in the processes that have created the ecosystems of the Southern Rockies Ecoregion (SRE). The extent of wildfires is influenced mainly by precipitation and temperature, which control biomass growth and fuel moisture. Forecasts of climate change in the SRE show an increase in temperatures, bringing warmer springs with earlier runoff and longer fire seasons. Increasing wildfire extent and intensity would affect human safety, livelihoods, and landscapes. Our summary of historical wildfire records from the national forests of the SRE from 1930 to 2006 revealed an order of magnitude increase in the annual number of fires recorded over the full time period and in the number of large fires since 1970. We developed a model of percent burned area in the SRE for the period 1970-2006 using temperature and precipitation variables (R-2 = 0.51, p = 1.7E-05). We applied this model to predict percent burned area using data from two downscaled global circulation models (GCMs), for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report Emissions Scenarios A2 (projects high increases in temperature) and B1 (projects lower temperature increases), for the time period 2010-2070. The results showed increasing trends in median burned areas for all scenarios and GCM combinations with higher increases for the B1 scenario. The results suggest that precipitation increases could at least partially compensate for the effect of temperature increases on burned area but the strength of this ameliorating effect of precipitation will remain uncertain until the GCMs are further developed. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Litschert, Sandra E.] Earth Syst Inst, Mt Shasta, CA 96067 USA. [Brown, Thomas C.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Theobald, David M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Warner Coll Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Litschert, SE (reprint author), Earth Syst Inst, 310 Mt Shasta Blvd 6, Mt Shasta, CA 96067 USA. EM sam@earthsystems.net FU Rocky Mountain Research Station, US Forest Service FX This research was supported in part by funds from the Rocky Mountain Research Station, US Forest Service. The authors thank in particular Scott Baggett of the RMRS for his patient help with statistics and the use of the R statistic package. Also we thank John B. Norman, Jessica Salo, and Carol Miller for their help, and Robert Keane and two other anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful suggestions. NR 44 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 1 PY 2012 VL 269 BP 124 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.12.024 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 912NQ UT WOS:000301807300015 ER PT J AU Collier, SM Brummer, EC Barber, WT Cox, TS Johnson, R Murray, SC Olsen, RT Pratt, RC Thro, AM AF Collier, Sarah M. Brummer, E. Charles Barber, Wesley T. Cox, Thomas S. Johnson, Randy Murray, Seth C. Olsen, Richard T. Pratt, Richard C. Thro, Ann Marie TI Crop wild relatives: more common ground for breeders and ecologists Response SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Letter C1 [Collier, Sarah M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Genet, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Brummer, E. Charles] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Forage Improvement Div, Ardmore, OK USA. [Barber, Wesley T.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Cox, Thomas S.] Land Inst, Salina, KS USA. [Johnson, Randy] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Murray, Seth C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Olsen, Richard T.] ARS, US Natl Arboretum, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Pratt, Richard C.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Thro, Ann Marie] Natl Inst Food & Agr, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Collier, SM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Genet, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM sethmurray@tamu.edu OI Collier, Sarah/0000-0002-8834-5075 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD APR PY 2012 VL 10 IS 3 BP 121 EP 122 DI 10.1890/12.WB.008 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 920XB UT WOS:000302441000013 ER PT J AU Liebhold, AM Brockerhoff, EG Garrett, LJ Parke, JL Britton, KO AF Liebhold, Andrew M. Brockerhoff, Eckehard G. Garrett, Lynn J. Parke, Jennifer L. Britton, Kerry O. TI Live plant imports: the major pathway for forest insect and pathogen invasions of the US SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID UNITED-STATES; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; PHYTOPHTHORA-RAMORUM; BIOLOGICAL INVASION; TRADE; POPULATIONS; WORLDWIDE; PESTS; RISK AB Trade in live plants has been recognized worldwide as an important invasion pathway for non-native plant pests. Such pests can have severe economic and ecological consequences. Nearly 70% of damaging forest insects and pathogens established in the US between 1860 and 2006 most likely entered on imported live plants. The current regulation of plant imports is outdated and needs to balance the impacts of pest damage, the expense of mitigation efforts, and the benefits of live plant importation. To inform these discussions, we document large increases in the volume and value of plant imports over the past five decades and explain recent and proposed changes to plant import regulations. Two data sources were used to estimate the infestation rate of regulated pests in live plant shipments entering the US, thus allowing evaluation of the efficacy of the current port inspection process. C1 [Liebhold, Andrew M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Brockerhoff, Eckehard G.] Scion New Zealand Forest Res Inst, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Garrett, Lynn J.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Raleigh, NC USA. [Parke, Jennifer L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Britton, Kerry O.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA USA. RP Liebhold, AM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM aliebhold@fs.fed.us RI Brockerhoff, Eckehard/C-1528-2009; Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; Parke, Jennifer/H-8464-2014 OI Brockerhoff, Eckehard/0000-0002-5962-3208; Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; FU Nature Conservancy; Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology [CO2X0501]; NCEAS; National Science Foundation [DEB-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California FX This work was conducted as part of the working group "Plants for Planting" at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS). It was supported by The Nature Conservancy, the New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology (CO2X0501 Better Border Biosecurity), and NCEAS, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (grant #DEB-0553768); the University of California, Santa Barbara; and the State of California. We thank F Lowenstein for helping to conceive this study; J Cavey, R Komsa, and C Katsar for invaluable assistance in providing and interpreting USDA-APHIS interception data, shipment disposition data, and release shipment data; G Muraoaka, M Cazier-Mosley, and D Farmer for providing information on inspection staff at Plant Inspection Stations; A Rossman, S Frankel, and B Moltzan for assistance in assessing likelihood of plant pathogen introduction pathways; U Hoyer-Tomiczek and T Schroder for photographs; and V Allison, M Kenis, S Pfister, I Berlanger, S Wager-Page, C Brasier, B Von Holle, T Stohlgren, R Haack, S Frankel, C Marassas, and J Cavey for their reviews of an earlier draft of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 132 Z9 136 U1 5 U2 87 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD APR PY 2012 VL 10 IS 3 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1890/110198 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 920XB UT WOS:000302441000018 ER PT J AU Pouyat, RV AF Pouyat, Richard V. TI The botany of will SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Pouyat, RV (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM rpouyat@fs.fed.us NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD APR PY 2012 VL 10 IS 3 BP 161 EP 162 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 920XB UT WOS:000302441000021 ER PT J AU Peterson, BC Waldbieser, GC Riley, LG Upton, KR Kobayashi, Y Small, BC AF Peterson, Brian C. Waldbieser, Geoffrey C. Riley, Larry G., Jr. Upton, Kelli R. Kobayashi, Yasuhiro Small, Brian C. TI Pre- and postprandial changes in orexigenic and anorexigenic factors in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Appetite; GRLN; CART; NPY; CCK; Catfish ID REGULATED-TRANSCRIPT CART; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y NPY; COMPLEMENTARY DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; GOLDFISH CARASSIUS-AURATUS; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; FOOD-INTAKE; RAINBOW-TROUT; MOLECULAR-CLONING; GENE-EXPRESSION; CDNA CLONING AB Ghrelin (GRLN), cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and cholecystokinin (CCK) are neuropeptides involved in the regulation of appetite and feeding in vertebrates. We examined pre- and postprandial changes in the expression of plasma GHRL and mRNAs encoding GRLN, CART, NPY, and CCK in channel catfish. Fish were entrained to eat at 0900 h for 2 weeks. Fish were then sampled at 0700, 0800, and 0900 h. Remaining fish were either offered feed at 0900 h (Fed) or fasted (Unfed). Fish sampling continued at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h post feeding. Feeding increased abundance of whole brain CART mRNA out to 4 h with no effect observed in unfed fish. Whole brain NPY expression peaked at 0.5 h in both treatments. NPY expression then declined in fed fish but remained elevated in unfed fish. No differences in plasma or stomach GRLN expression were observed. Two separate cDNAs for CCK were identified. Brain CCKa and CCKb expression increased after feeding. These results suggest CART, NPY, and CCK play roles in the regulation of channel catfish feeding. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the neural and gastroenteric mechanisms regulating appetite in channel catfish. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Peterson, Brian C.; Waldbieser, Geoffrey C.] USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Riley, Larry G., Jr.; Upton, Kelli R.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Biol, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Kobayashi, Yasuhiro] Ft Hays State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Hays, KS 67601 USA. [Small, Brian C.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Anim Sci Food & Nutr, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Peterson, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM brian.peterson@ars.usda.gov RI Small, Brian/I-3762-2012 NR 68 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD APR 1 PY 2012 VL 176 IS 2 BP 231 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.01.022 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 921BQ UT WOS:000302453400016 PM 22366470 ER PT J AU Hall, WJ Zeveloff, A Steckler, A Schneider, M Thompson, D Pham, T Volpe, SL Hindes, K Sleigh, A McMurray, RG AF Hall, William J. Zeveloff, Abigail Steckler, Allan Schneider, Margaret Thompson, Deborah Trang Pham Volpe, Stella L. Hindes, Katie Sleigh, Adriana McMurray, Robert G. CA HLTH Study Grp TI Process evaluation results from the HEALTHY physical education intervention SO HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; US CHILDREN; RATIONALE; DESIGN; COMPONENT; YOUTH; IMPLEMENTATION; ADOLESCENTS; PREVENTION; PATHWAYS AB Process evaluation is an assessment of the implementation of an intervention. A process evaluation component was embedded in the HEALTHY study, a primary prevention trial for Type 2 diabetes implemented over 3 years in 21 middle schools across the United States. The HEALTHY physical education (PE) intervention aimed at maximizing student engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity through delivery of structured lesson plans by PE teachers. Process evaluation data collected via class observations and interventionist interviews assessed fidelity, dose delivered, implementor participation, dose received and barriers. Process evaluation results indicate a high level of fidelity in implementing HEALTHY PE activities and offering 225 min of PE every 10 school days. Concerning dose delivered, students were active for approximately 33 min of class, representing an average of 61% of the class time. Results also indicate that PE teachers were generally engaged in implementing the HEALTHY PE curriculum. Data on dose received showed that students were highly engaged with the PE intervention; however, student misbehavior was the most common barrier observed during classes. Other barriers included teacher disengagement, large classes, limited gym space and poor classroom management. Findings suggest that the PE intervention was generally implemented and received as intended despite several barriers. C1 [Hall, William J.; Zeveloff, Abigail] Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Hall, William J.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Social Work, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Steckler, Allan] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Schneider, Margaret] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Planning Policy & Design, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Thompson, Deborah] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Trang Pham] George Washington Univ, Ctr Biostat, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Volpe, Stella L.] Univ Penn, Sch Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Hindes, Katie] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Sleigh, Adriana] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Hlth Promot & Sports Med, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [McMurray, Robert G.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Exercise & Sports Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Hall, WJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM wjhall@email.unc.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [U01-DK61223, U01-DK61230, U01-DK61231, U01 DK061230, U01-DK61249] NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1153 J9 HEALTH EDUC RES JI Health Educ. Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 27 IS 2 BP 307 EP 318 DI 10.1093/her/cyr107 PG 12 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 915KL UT WOS:000302023400012 PM 22156231 ER PT J AU Zhang, D Lax, AR Henrissat, B Coutinho, P Katiya, N Nierman, WC Fedorova, N AF Zhang, D. Lax, A. R. Henrissat, B. Coutinho, P. Katiya, N. Nierman, W. C. Fedorova, N. TI Carbohydrate-active enzymes revealed in Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) transcriptome SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE termite; EST; CAZyme; trehalose biosynthetic and metabolic pathway; gene differential expression ID TERMITE RETICULITERMES-FLAVIPES; TREHALASE INHIBITOR TREHAZOLIN; WOOD-FEEDING TERMITE; SYMBIOTIC PROTIST; GENE; GUT; SYSTEM; LIGNOCELLULOSE; MICROBIOTA; CELLULOSE AB Coptotermes formosanus is one of the most destructive wood-feeding termites. To understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate the development of the termite, a normalized C. formosanus cDNA library was constructed using mixed RNA isolated from workers, soldiers, nymphs and alates of both sexes. The sequencing of this library generated 131 636 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and 25 939 assembled unigenes. The carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) revealed in this library were analysed in the present report. A total of 509 putative CAZymes were identified. Diverse cellulolytic enzymes were uncovered from both the host termite and from symbionts harboured by the termite, which were possibly the result of the high efficiency of cellulose utilization. CAZymes associated with trehalose biosynthetic and metabolic pathways were also identified, which are potential regulators of the physiological activities of trehalose, an important insect blood sugar. Representative CAZyme coding genes in glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1) were quantitatively analysed. The results showed that the five GH1 beta-glucosidase genes were expressed differentially among different castes and one of them was female alate-specific. Overall, the normalized EST library provides a comprehensive genetic resource of C. formosanus and will serve a diverse range of research areas. The CAZymes represent one of the repositories of enzymes useful for physiological studies and applications in sugar-based biofuel production. C1 [Zhang, D.; Lax, A. R.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Henrissat, B.; Coutinho, P.] CNRS, Marseille, France. [Henrissat, B.; Coutinho, P.] Univ Aix Marseille I & II, Marseille, France. [Katiya, N.; Nierman, W. C.; Fedorova, N.] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD USA. RP Zhang, D (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM dunhua.zhang@ars.usda.gov RI Henrissat, Bernard/J-2475-2012 NR 43 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP 235 EP 245 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2011.01130.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 904WW UT WOS:000301230600010 PM 22243654 ER PT J AU Olds, BP Coates, BS Steele, LD Sun, W Agunbiade, TA Yoon, KS Strycharz, JP Lee, SH Paige, KN Clark, JM Pittendrigh, BR AF Olds, B. P. Coates, B. S. Steele, L. D. Sun, W. Agunbiade, T. A. Yoon, K. S. Strycharz, J. P. Lee, S. H. Paige, K. N. Clark, J. M. Pittendrigh, B. R. TI Comparison of the transcriptional profiles of head and body lice SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE transcriptome; comparative genomics; Roche 454; Illumina; RNAseq; microRNA ID PEDICULUS-HUMANUS-CAPITIS; BARTONELLA-QUINTANA; DOUBLE INFESTATIONS; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCES; ANOPLURA; MIRBASE; GENOME; LOUSE; DNA AB Head and body lice are both blood-feeding parasites of humans although only the body louse is a potent disease vector. In spite of numerous morphological and life history differences, head and body lice have recently been hypothesized to be ecotypes of the same species. We took a comparative genomics approach to measure nucleotide diversity by comparing expressed sequence tag data sets from head and body lice. A total of 10 771 body louse and 10 770 head louse transcripts were predicted from a combined assembly of Roche 454 and Illumina sequenced cDNAs from whole body tissues collected at all life stages and during pesticide exposure and bacterial infection treatments. Illumina reads mapped to the 10 775 draft body louse gene models from the whole genome assembly predicted nine presence/absence differences, but PCR confirmation resulted in a single gene difference. Read per million base pair estimates indicated that 14 genes showed significant differential expression between head and body lice under our treatment conditions. One novel microRNA was predicted in both lice species and 99% of the 544 transcripts from Candidatus riesia indicate that they share the same endosymbiont. Overall, few differences exist, which supports the hypothesis that these two organisms are ecotypes of the same species. C1 [Olds, B. P.; Paige, K. N.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Coates, B. S.] ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. [Steele, L. D.; Sun, W.; Agunbiade, T. A.; Pittendrigh, B. R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Yoon, K. S.; Strycharz, J. P.; Clark, J. M.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Lee, S. H.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Agr Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea. RP Olds, BP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM bolds2@illinois.edu OI Yoon, Kyong/0000-0002-1866-1339 FU PHS from NIH/ NIAID [5 R01 AI 045062-06, 1 R56 AI081933-01A2]; C. W. Kearns endowment fund; C. L. Metcalf endowment fund; W. P. Flint endowment fund FX This work was supported by PHS grants from the NIH/ NIAID (5 R01 AI 045062-06 to J.M.C. and S. H. L. and 1 R56 AI081933-01A2 to J.M.C. and B. R. P). Support was also provided to B. R. P. from the C. W. Kearns, C. L. Metcalf and W. P. Flint endowment funds. NR 48 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP 257 EP 268 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2012.01132.x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 904WW UT WOS:000301230600012 PM 22404397 ER PT J AU Xu, J James, RR AF Xu, J. James, R. R. TI Temperature stress affects the expression of immune response genes in the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chalkbrood disease; alfalfa leafcutting bee; gene expression profiling; temperature ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; CHALKBROOD DEVELOPMENT; TRADE-OFFS; HYMENOPTERA; LARVAE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EVOLUTIONARY; MICROARRAYS; FEVER AB Environmental stresses are thought to be associated with increases in disease suceptibility, attributable to evolutionary trade-offs between the energy demands required to deal with stress vs pathogens. We compared the effects of temperature stress and pathogen exposure on the immune response of a solitary bee, Megachile rotundata. Using an oligonucleotide microarray with 125 genes (375 probes), we determined that both high and low temperatures increased the expression of immune response genes in M. rotundata and reduced levels of a disease called chalkbrood. In the absence of the pathogen, trypsin-like serine and pathogen recognition proteases were most highly expressed at the lowest rearing temperature (20 degrees C), while immune response signalling pathways and melanization were highly expressed at the warmest temperature tested (35 degrees C). In pathogen-exposed bees, immune response genes tended to be most highly expressed at moderate temperatures, where we also saw the greatest infection levels. Temperature stress appears to have activated immunity before the pathogen elicited a response from the host, and this early activity prevented infection under stressful conditions. In this insect, the trade-off in energetic costs associated with stress and infection may be partially avoided by the use of conserved responses that reduce the effects of both. C1 [James, R. R.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Pollinating Insects Res Unit, Dept Biol UMC 5310, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Xu, J.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, N Logan, UT USA. RP James, RR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Pollinating Insects Res Unit, Dept Biol UMC 5310, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM rosalind.james@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS Pollinating Insects Biology, Management and Systematics Research Unit in Logan, UT, USA FX We thank C. Huntzinger and E. Klinger for assistance in collecting bee eggs and larval provisions from the field and in conducting the bioassays for these experiments. We also thank D. L. Cox-Foster and J. P. Rinehart for constructive comments on an earlier draft of this paper. This work was supported with funding from USDA-ARS Pollinating Insects Biology, Management and Systematics Research Unit in Logan, UT, USA. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 8 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP 269 EP 280 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2012.01133.x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 904WW UT WOS:000301230600013 PM 22356318 ER PT J AU Isengildina-Massa, O MacDonald, S Xie, R AF Isengildina-Massa, Olga MacDonald, Stephen Xie, Ran TI A Comprehensive Evaluation of USDA Cotton Forecasts SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE cotton; forecast accuracy; forecast efficiency; forecast evaluation; forecast smoothing; USDA forecasts ID PERFORMANCE; PREDICTIONS; ACCURACY; MARKETS; FUTURES; PRICES; BEEF; PORK AB This study evaluates all USDA cotton supply and demand estimates for the United States and China (including unpublished price forecasts) from 1985/86 through 2009/10 for accuracy and efficiency. Results reveal that at every stage of the forecasting cycle forecast smoothing was the most widespread and persistent type of inefficiency observed in most U.S. variables. Correlation with past errors indicated the tendency to repeat past errors in most cases. Tendency to overestimate growth was also found. Bias was uncommon and limited to several cases of overestimation of China's exports and U.S. price and underestimation of China's domestic use. While forecasts of China's imports and endings stocks improved, U.S. price and ending stock forecast errors became larger toward the end of the study period. C1 [Isengildina-Massa, Olga; Xie, Ran] Clemson Univ, John E Walker Dept Econ, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [MacDonald, Stephen] USDA ERS, Washington, DC USA. RP Isengildina-Massa, O (reprint author), Clemson Univ, John E Walker Dept Econ, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. FU Economic Research Service of U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-3000-9-0077] FX Olga Isengildina-Massa is Assistant Professor in the John E. Walker Department of Economics at Clemson University, Stephen MacDonald is Senior Economist in the USDA ERS, and Ran Xie is a graduate student in the John E. Walker Department of Economics at Clemson University. The funding support of the Economic Research Service of U.S. Department of Agriculture under the Cooperative Agreement No. 58-3000-9-0077 is gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank David Tysinger and Patrick Gerard for their input and contribution to the earlier drafts of the paper and two anonymous reviewers and the Journal editor for their helpful comments. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O DEEVON BAILEY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, 3535 OLD MAIN HILL, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 1068-5502 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD APR PY 2012 VL 37 IS 1 BP 98 EP 113 PG 16 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 920CC UT WOS:000302378300006 ER PT J AU Kebede, H Fisher, DK Young, LD AF Kebede, H. Fisher, D. K. Young, L. D. TI Determination of Moisture Deficit and Heat Stress Tolerance in Corn Using Physiological Measurements and a Low-Cost Microcontroller-Based Monitoring System SO JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE canopy temperature; cell membrane thermostability; drought stress; heat stress; microcontroller; photosynthetic pigments ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; WINTER-WHEAT; MEMBRANE THERMOSTABILITY; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; DROUGHT; TOMATO; PLANTS; STABILITY; DAMAGE AB In the southern United States, corn production encounters moisture deficit coupled with high-temperature stress, particularly during the reproductive stage of the plant. In evaluating plants for environmental stress tolerance, it is important to monitor changes in their physical environment under natural conditions, especially when there are multiple stress factors, and integrate this information with their physiological responses. A low-cost microcontroller-based monitoring system was developed to automate measurement of canopy, soil and air temperatures, and soil moisture status in field plots. The purpose of this study was to examine how this system, in combination with physiological measurements, could assist in detecting differences among corn genotypes in response to moisture deficit and heat stress. Three commercial hybrids and two inbred germplasm lines were grown in the field under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. Leaf water potential, photosynthetic pigments, cell membrane thermostability (CMT) and maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) were determined on these genotypes under field and greenhouse conditions. Variations observed in air and soil temperatures, and soil moisture in plots of the individual corn genotypes helped explain their differences in canopy temperature (CT), and these variations were reflected in the physiological responses. One of the commercial hybrids, having the lowest CT and the highest CMT, was the most tolerant among the genotypes under moisture deficit and heat stress conditions. These results demonstrated that the low-cost microcontroller-based monitoring system, in combination with physiological measurements, was effective in evaluating corn genotypes for drought and heat stress tolerance. C1 [Kebede, H.; Young, L. D.] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Fisher, D. K.] ARS, USDA, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Kebede, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Genet Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM hirut.kebede@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [6402-42000-003-000] FX The authors wish to thank Mr. Kevin Colvin, Electronics Technician, for his electronics expertise and assistance in designing and constructing the circuit boards, and for his assistance in field testing of the instrumentation, and Mr. Roderick Patterson, Agricultural Science Research Technician, for his expertise and assistance in field operations during this study. We also wish to thank Mrs. Debbie Boykin for her assistance in statistical analysis of the data. The study was executed with support from the research project 6402-42000-003-000, USDA-ARS. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2250 J9 J AGRON CROP SCI JI J. Agron. Crop Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 198 IS 2 BP 118 EP 129 DI 10.1111/j.1439-037X.2011.00493.x PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 908WH UT WOS:000301523200004 ER PT J AU Welker, TL Lim, C Yildirim-Aksoy, M Klesius, PH AF Welker, T. L. Lim, C. Yildirim-Aksoy, M. Klesius, P. H. TI Effect of short-term feeding duration of diets containing commercial whole-cell yeast or yeast subcomponents on immune function and disease resistance in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANIMAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ss-glucan; Edwardsiella ictaluri; enteric septicaemia; mannan oligosaccharide; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ID EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ENTERIC SEPTICEMIA; GILTHEAD SEABREAM; ATLANTIC SALMON; GLUCAN; IMMUNOSTIMULANTS; LYSOZYME; STRESS; FISH AB Juvenile channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, were fed diets supplemented with yeast or yeast subcomponents (YYS) as commercial preparations of beta-glucan (MacroGard (R) and Betagard A (R)), mannan oligosaccharide (Bio-Mos (R) Aqua Grade), or whole-cell Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Levucell SB20 (R) at the manufacturers recommended levels. Fish were fed experimental diets for 1 or 2 weeks prior to disease challenge (pre-challenge feeding periods) and sampled at the end of each feeding period to measure haematological and immune parameters and to determine the effects of dietary YYS on resistance to Edwardsiella ictaluri, the causative agent of enteric septicaemia disease (ESC). Feeding of experimental diets continued for 3 weeks post-challenge. In channel catfish fed diets supplemented with MacroGard (R) Betagard A (R) or Levucell SB20 (R) survival in the 1 week pre-challenge feeding group and antibody titres in the 2 week feeding group were significantly higher post-E. ictaluri challenge in relation to catfish fed with the control diet. In fish fed these same three diets, survival to ESC was significantly higher after 1 week vs. 2 weeks feeding, while the antibody response was significantly higher after 2 weeks vs. 1 week. Lysozyme activity was also higher in the 1 week feeding group, but the increased activity was unrelated to diet. Feeding YYS-supplemented diets for a shorter duration of 1 week prior to challenge may prove beneficial in increasing resistance to ESC in channel catfish. However, we cannot discount that feeding YYS diets during the recovery period may have contributed to glucan overload and reduced survival in the 2 week feeding group. C1 [Welker, T. L.; Lim, C.; Yildirim-Aksoy, M.; Klesius, P. H.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL USA. RP Welker, TL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM thomas.welker@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2439 J9 J ANIM PHYSIOL AN N JI J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. PD APR PY 2012 VL 96 IS 2 BP 159 EP 171 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01127.x PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA 904EU UT WOS:000301177700001 PM 21320174 ER PT J AU Varel, VH Wells, JE Shelver, WL Rice, CP Armstrong, DL Parker, DB AF Varel, V. H. Wells, J. E. Shelver, W. L. Rice, C. P. Armstrong, D. L. Parker, D. B. TI Effect of anaerobic digestion temperature on odour, coliforms and chlortetracycline in swine manure or monensin in cattle manure* SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anaerobic degradation; antibiotics; methane digesters; manure; pharmaceuticals ID WET DISTILLERS GRAINS; ENVIRONMENTAL OCCURRENCE; METHANE PRODUCTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANIMAL MANURE; DAIRY FARMS; ANTIBIOTICS; SOIL; WATER; SULFONAMIDES AB Aims: This study evaluated the effect of anaerobic digestion at 22, 38 and 55 degrees C on odour, coliforms and chlortetracycline (CTC) in swine manure or monensin (MON) in cattle manure. Methods and Results: Swine or cattle were fed the respective growth promotant, manure was collected, and 2-l laboratory methane digesters were established at the various temperatures and sampled over 25 or 28 days. After 21 days, the concentration of CTC in the 22, 38 and 55 degrees C swine digester slurries decreased 7, 80 and 98%, respectively. Coliforms in the 22 degrees C digester slurries were still viable after 25 days; however, they were not detectable in the 38 and 55 degrees C slurries after 3 and 1 days, respectively. After 28 days, the concentration of MON in the 22, 38 and 55 degrees C cattle digester slurries decreased 3, 8 and 27%, respectively. Coliforms in the 22 degrees C cattle digester slurries were still viable after 28 days; however, they were not detectable in the 38 and 55 degrees C slurries after 14 and 1 days, respectively. Conclusions: These studies indicate that anaerobic digestion at 38 or 55 degrees C may be an effective treatment to reduce coliforms and CTC; however, it is not an effective treatment to reduce MON. Significance and Impact of the Study: More studies are needed to determine which pharmaceuticals are susceptible to degradation by a specific manure treatment to prevent negative environmental consequences. C1 [Varel, V. H.; Wells, J. E.; Parker, D. B.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Shelver, W. L.] ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND USA. [Rice, C. P.] ARS, USDA, BARC, Beltsville, MD USA. [Armstrong, D. L.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Varel, VH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM vhvarel@charter.net; jim.wells@ars.usda.gov OI Armstrong, Dana/0000-0003-3312-2795 NR 33 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 112 IS 4 BP 705 EP 715 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05250.x PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 907QK UT WOS:000301432200009 PM 22313722 ER PT J AU Ronchi, CF Fioretto, JR Ferreira, ALA Berchieri-Ronchi, CB Correa, CR Kurokawa, CS Carpi, MF Moraes, MA Yeum, KJ AF Ronchi, Carlos Fernando Fioretto, Jose Roberto Anjos Ferreira, Ana Lucia Berchieri-Ronchi, Carolina Bragiola Correa, Camila Renata Kurokawa, Cilmery Suemi Carpi, Mario Ferreira Moraes, Marcos Aurelio Yeum, Kyung-Jin TI Biomarkers for oxidative stress in acute lung injury induced in rabbits submitted to different strategies of mechanical ventilation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE comet assay; DNA damage; antioxidant performance; total antioxidant performance assay; mechanical ventilation ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; FREQUENCY OSCILLATORY VENTILATION; ELECTROPHORESIS COMET ASSAY; DNA-DAMAGE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; IN-VITRO; MODEL; ANTIOXIDANT; PLASMA; REPAIR AB Ronchi CF, Fioretto JR, Ferreira ALA, Berchieri-Ronchi CB, Correa CR, Kurokawa CS, Carpi MF, Moraes MA, Yeum K-J. Biomarkers for oxidative stress in acute lung injury induced in rabbits submitted to different strategies of mechanical ventilation. J Appl Physiol 112: 1184-1190, 2012. First published February 2, 2012; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01334.2011.-Oxidative damage has been said to play an important role in pulmonary injury, which is associated with the development and progression of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We aimed to identify biomarkers to determine the oxidative stress in an animal model of acute lung injury (ALI) using two different strategies of mechanical ventilation. Rabbits were ventilated using either conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) or high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV). Lung injury was induced by tracheal saline infusion (30 ml/kg, 38 degrees C). In addition, five healthy rabbits were studied for oxidative stress. Isolated lymphocytes from peripheral blood and lung tissue samples were analyzed by alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) to determine DNA damage. Total antioxidant performance (TAP) assay was applied to measure overall antioxidant performance in plasma and lung tissue. HFOV rabbits had similar results to healthy animals, showing significantly higher antioxidant performance and lower DNA damage compared with CMV in lung tissue and plasma. Total antioxidant performance showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.58; P = 0.0006) in plasma and lung tissue. In addition, comet assay presented a significant positive correlation (r = 0.66; P = 0.007) between cells recovered from target tissue and peripheral blood. Moreover, antioxidant performance was significantly and negatively correlated with DNA damage (r = -0.50; P = 0.002) in lung tissue. This study indicates that both TAP and comet assay identify increased oxidative stress in CMV rabbits compared with HFOV. Antioxidant performance analyzed by TAP and oxidative DNA damage by comet assay, both in plasma, reflects oxidative stress in the target tissue, which warrants further studies in humans. C1 [Ronchi, Carlos Fernando; Berchieri-Ronchi, Carolina Bragiola; Correa, Camila Renata; Yeum, Kyung-Jin] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Fioretto, Jose Roberto; Kurokawa, Cilmery Suemi; Carpi, Mario Ferreira; Moraes, Marcos Aurelio] Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Dept Pediat, Botucatu Med Sch, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Ronchi, Carlos Fernando; Anjos Ferreira, Ana Lucia; Berchieri-Ronchi, Carolina Bragiola; Correa, Camila Renata] Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Dept Internal Med, Botucatu Med Sch, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. RP Ronchi, CF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ronchi.carlos@yahoo.com RI Kurokawa, Cilmery /C-2851-2012 OI Kurokawa, Cilmery /0000-0003-1380-7527 FU Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo, FAPESP, Sao Paulo, SP [2008/08199-2]; USDA Agricultural Research Service [USDA:1950-51000-065-08S] FX This research was supported in part by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo, FAPESP, Sao Paulo, SP, process number 2008/08199-2, and by a grant from the USDA Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement USDA:1950-51000-065-08S. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 112 IS 7 BP 1184 EP 1190 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.01334.2011 PG 7 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 922GT UT WOS:000302536000012 PM 22302956 ER PT J AU Perozo, F Marcano, R Afonso, CL AF Perozo, Francisco Marcano, Rosmar Afonso, Claudio L. TI Biological and Phylogenetic Characterization of a Genotype VII Newcastle Disease Virus from Venezuela: Efficacy of Field Vaccination SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHINA; CHALLENGE; POULTRY; STRAINS; SIZE AB Here we report the biological and molecular characterization of a virulent genotype VII Newcastle disease virus (NDV) circulating in Venezuela and the assessment of the vaccination efficacy under field conditions compared to controlled rearing conditions. Biological pathotyping showed a mean embryo dead time of 50 h and an intracerebral pathogenicity index of 1.86. Sequence-based phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the virus belongs to genotype VII in class II (a genotype often found in Asia and Africa), representing the first report of the presence of this genotype in the continent of South America. A vaccine-challenge trial in commercial broilers reared in fields or in a experimental setting included dual (live/killed) priming of 1-day-old chicks plus two live NDV and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) field vaccinations at days 7 and 17, followed by a very stringent genotype VII NDV challenge at day 28. Serology for NDV and IBDV, bursal integrity, and protection against NDV lethal challenge were assessed. At 28 days, field vaccinates showed significantly lower NDV (1,356 versus 2,384) and higher IBD (7,295 versus 1,489) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibody titers than the experimentally reared birds. A lower bursal size and bursa-body weight ratio (P < 0.05) and higher bursa lesion score were also detected in the field set. Only 57.1% of field vaccinates survived the lethal challenge, differing (P < 0.05) from 90.5% survival in the experimental farm. Overall, results confirmed the presence of the genotype VII viruses in South America and suggest that field-associated factors such as immunosuppression compromise the efficacy of the vaccination protocols implemented. C1 [Afonso, Claudio L.] ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. [Perozo, Francisco] Univ Zulia, Coll Vet Med, Maracaibo 4011, Venezuela. [Marcano, Rosmar] Cent Univ Venezuela, Coll Vet Med, Maracay, Venezuela. RP Afonso, CL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. EM Claudio.Afonso@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [6612-32000-049-00D] FX This work was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS (6612-32000-049-00D). NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 50 IS 4 BP 1204 EP 1208 DI 10.1128/JCM.06506-11 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 917CC UT WOS:000302148700013 PM 22238433 ER PT J AU Xess, I Mohapatra, S Shivaprakash, MR Chakrabarti, A Benny, GL O'Donnell, K Padhye, AA AF Xess, Immaculata Mohapatra, Sarita Shivaprakash, M. R. Chakrabarti, Arunaloke Benny, Gerald L. O'Donnell, Kerry Padhye, Arvind A. TI Evidence Implicating Thamnostylum lucknowense as an Etiological Agent of Rhino-Orbital Mucormycosis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZYGOMYCOSIS; INDIA AB In this report, we present a case of rhino-orbital mucormycosis in a 57-year-old female with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. The only mold cultured at 25 degrees C, 37 degrees C, and 40 degrees C from a specimen of the nasal crust was identified phenotypically and independently using nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence data as Thamnostylum lucknowense. To our knowledge, this report presents the first data implicating this mucoraceous fungus as a mycotic agent of human infection. C1 [O'Donnell, Kerry] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. [Xess, Immaculata; Mohapatra, Sarita] All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Microbiol, New Delhi 110029, India. [Shivaprakash, M. R.; Chakrabarti, Arunaloke] Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Med Microbiol, Chandigarh 160012, India. [Benny, Gerald L.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP O'Donnell, K (reprint author), ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. EM kerry.odonnell@ars.usda.gov OI Rudramurthy, Shivaprakash/0000-0002-9097-9253 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 50 IS 4 BP 1491 EP 1494 DI 10.1128/JCM.06611-11 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 917CC UT WOS:000302148700068 PM 22301030 ER PT J AU Donato, DC Kauffman, JB Mackenzie, RA Ainsworth, A Pfleeger, AZ AF Donato, D. C. Kauffman, J. B. Mackenzie, R. A. Ainsworth, A. Pfleeger, A. Z. TI Whole-island carbon stocks in the tropical Pacific: Implications for mangrove conservation and upland restoration SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Deforestation; Forest; Land use; REDD; Soil carbon ID ORGANIC-CARBON; LAND-USE; FORESTS; BIOMASS; DEFORESTATION; STORAGE; MICRONESIA; ECOSYSTEMS; ALLOMETRY; PAYMENTS AB Management of forest carbon (C) stocks is an increasingly prominent land-use issue. Knowledge of carbon storage in tropical forests is improving, but regional variations are still poorly understood, and this constrains forest management and conservation efforts associated with carbon valuation mechanisms (e.g., carbon markets). This deficiency is especially pronounced in tropical islands and low-lying coastal areas where climate change impacts are expected to be among the most severe. This study presents the first field estimate of island-wide carbon storage in ecosystems of Oceania, with special attention to the regional role of coastal mangroves, which occur on islands and coastal zones throughout the tropics. On two island groups of Micronesia (Yap and Palau), we sampled all above- and belowground C pools, including soil and vegetation, in 24 sites distributed evenly among the three major vegetation structural types: mangroves, upland forests, and open savannas (generally on degraded lands formerly forested). Total C stocks were estimated to be 3.9 and 15.2 Tg C on Yap and Palau, respectively. Mangroves contained by far the largest per-hectare C pools (830-1218 Mg C ha(-1)), with deep organic-rich soils alone storing more C (631-754 Mg C ha(-1)) than all pools combined in upland systems. Despite covering just 12-13% of land area, mangroves accounted for 24-34% of total island C stocks. Savannas (156-203 Mg C ha(-1)) contained significantly lower C stocks than upland forests (375-437 Mg C ha(-1)), suggesting that reforesting savannas where appropriate has high potential for carbon-based funding to aid restoration objectives. For mangroves, these results demonstrate the key role of these systems within the broader context of C storage in island and coastal landscapes. Sustainable management of mangrove forests and their large C stocks is of high importance at the regional scale, and climate change mitigation programs such as REDD+ could play a large role in avoiding deforestation of mangroves where this is a management objective. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Donato, D. C.; Kauffman, J. B.; Mackenzie, R. A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Ainsworth, A.] Natl Pk Serv, Inventory & Monitoring Program, Pacific Isl Network, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Pfleeger, A. Z.] US Dept Interior, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. RP Donato, DC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ecosyst & Landscape Ecol Lab, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM ddonato@wisc.edu FU USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station; USDA Forest Service FX We thank the many members of the Yap Division of Agriculture, Palau Agriculture and Forestry, and the Palau International Coral Reef Center (PICRC) who helped us complete this work, and the people of Yap and Palau who allowed us to conduct field work on their lands. Margie Falanruw of the USDA Forest Service in Colonia, Yap, greatly assisted with field logistics. We thank M. Mitchell for invaluable assistance with the project, and four anonymous reviewers for constructive comments. This study was funded by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station and the USDA Forest Service International Programs. NR 63 TC 37 Z9 46 U1 7 U2 96 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2012 VL 97 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.12.004 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 913TL UT WOS:000301900200011 PM 22325586 ER PT J AU Riitters, KH Wickham, JD Wade, TG Vogt, P AF Riitters, Kurt H. Wickham, James D. Wade, Timothy G. Vogt, Peter TI Global survey of anthropogenic neighborhood threats to conservation of grass-shrub and forest vegetation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Vulnerability assessment; Forest vegetation; Grass-shrub vegetation; Edge effects; Matrix effects; Anthropogenic effects ID LAND-USE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; LANDSCAPES; BIODIVERSITY; QUALITY; SCALE AB The conservation value of natural vegetation is degraded by proximity to anthropogenic land uses. Previous global assessments focused primarily on the amount of land protected or converted to anthropogenic uses, and on forest vegetation. Comparative assessments of extant vegetation in terms of proximity to anthropogenic land uses are needed to better inform conservation planning. We conducted a novel comparative survey of global forest and grass-shrub vegetation at risk of degradation owing to proximity of anthropogenic land uses. Using a global land cover map, risks were classified according to direct adjacency with anthropogenic land cover (adjacency risk), occurrence in anthropogenic neighborhoods (neighborhood risk), or either (combined risk). The survey results for adjacency risk and combined risk were summarized by ecoregions and biomes. Adjacency risk threatens 22 percent of global grass-shrub and 12 percent of forest vegetation, contributing to combined risk which threatens 31 percent of grass-shrub and 20 percent of forest vegetation. Of 743 ecoregions examined, adjacency risk threatens at least 50 percent of grass-shrub vegetation in 224 ecoregions compared to only 124 ecoregions for forest. The conservation threats posed by proximity to anthropogenic land cover are higher for grass-shrub vegetation than for forest vegetation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Riitters, Kurt H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Wickham, James D.; Wade, Timothy G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Div Environm Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Vogt, Peter] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. RP Riitters, KH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kriitters@fs.fed.us; wickham.james@epamail.epa.gov; wade.timothy@epamail.epa.gov; peter.vogt@jrc.ec.europa.eu FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. The copyright of the GLOBCOVER source data is attributed to ESA/ESA GLOBCOVER Project, led by MEDIAS-France/POSTEL. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2012 VL 97 BP 116 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.11.009 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 913TL UT WOS:000301900200015 PM 22260954 ER PT J AU Campos, A Marconcini, JM Imam, SH Klamczynski, A Ortis, WJ Wood, DH Williams, TG Martins-Franchetti, SM Mattoso, LHC AF Campos, A. Marconcini, J. M. Imam, S. H. Klamczynski, A. Ortis, W. J. Wood, D. H. Williams, T. G. Martins-Franchetti, S. M. Mattoso, L. H. C. TI Morphological, mechanical properties and biodegradability of biocomposite thermoplastic starch and polycaprolactone reinforced with sisal fibers SO JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE thermoplastic starch; polycaprolactone; sisal fiber; extrusion; biopolymers; composites ID PROCESSING CONDITIONS; COMPOSITES; BLENDS; DEGRADATION; PCL/STARCH AB The incorporation of fibers as reinforcements in polymer composites has increased due to their renewability, low cost and biodegradability. In this study, sisal fibers were added to a polymer matrix of thermoplastic starch and polycaprolactone, both biodegradable polymers. Sisal fibers (5% and 10%) were extruded in a twin-screw extruder with thermoplastic starch/polycaprolactone (80:20 wt). Films were produced with a single extruder and analyzed by field emission gun scanning electron microscopy, mechanical tests, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The morphology of the composites with 10% sisal fiber content presented an interface of fibers at the surface of the matrix, indicating poor adhesion, lower initial temperatures of thermal degradation, and decreased polycaprolactone crystallinity due to the decrease in lamellar thickness and the increase in crystalline disorder. The results were affected mainly by the lack of adhesion at the interface between the matrix and fibers. The interfacial shear strength between sisal and the matrix may be improved by chemical modification of the fiber surface. C1 [Campos, A.; Marconcini, J. M.; Mattoso, L. H. C.] Embrapa Instrumentacao, Lab Nacl Nanotecnol Agronegocio, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Imam, S. H.; Klamczynski, A.; Ortis, W. J.; Wood, D. H.; Williams, T. G.] ARS, Bioprod Chem & Engn Res Unit, WRRC, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Martins-Franchetti, S. M.] Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Campos, A (reprint author), Embrapa Instrumentacao, Lab Nacl Nanotecnol Agronegocio, Rua 15 Novembro,1452, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. EM dridecampos@yahoo.com.br RI Marconcini, Jose/D-9702-2013; Campos, Adriana/F-7070-2012; Mattoso, Luiz H C/D-2794-2016 OI Campos, Adriana/0000-0002-1499-2659; Mattoso, Luiz H C/0000-0001-7586-1014 FU Fapesp [2008/08264-9]; MCT/FINEP; CAPES; CNPq FX This work is supported by Fapesp under grant ID number (2008/08264-9).; The authors gratefully acknowledge the Brazilian research funding agencies FAPESP, MCT/FINEP, CAPES, and CNPq for their financial support of this study, and EMBRAPA, the Labex/Program, and ARS/USDA for their technical support. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 36 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0731-6844 J9 J REINF PLAST COMP JI J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 8 BP 573 EP 581 DI 10.1177/0731684412441092 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 917MI UT WOS:000302180900005 ER PT J AU Bett-Garber, KL Lea, JM Champagne, ET Mcclung, AM AF Bett-Garber, K. L. Lea, J. M. Champagne, E. T. Mcclung, A. M. TI WHOLE-GRAIN RICE FLAVOR ASSOCIATED WITH ASSORTED BRAN COLORS SO JOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES LA English DT Article ID COOKED RICE; SENSORY PROPERTIES; LEXICON; DESCRIBE; TEXTURE; RATIO AB Recognition of the health benefits of whole-grain and pigmented bran rice has resulted in their increased consumption. Bran contributes fiber, minerals, vitamins and an array of phytonutrients to the diet. Understanding flavor differences arising from bran pigmentation helps consumers choose the best rice for their use. Ten panelists trained in descriptive analysis developed 25 descriptors to describe whole-grain rice flavor and evaluated the flavor of 22 rice samples with white, light-brown, dark-brown, red and black bran. Brown rice had more intense grainy/starchy, cooked cereal and corn/popcorn/buttery flavors. Black rice was higher in oily, darkberry, medicinal and smoky/burnt flavors. Red rice had greater intensities for beany, animal/wet dog and earthy flavors. The darker cultivars tend to have more bitter taste and astringent mouthfeel. This lexicon enhances the understanding of flavors associated with rice bran color. C1 [Bett-Garber, K. L.; Lea, J. M.; Champagne, E. T.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Mcclung, A. M.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. RP Bett-Garber, KL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM karen.bett@ars.usda.gov OI Bett-Garber, Karen/0000-0002-1453-2759 NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-8250 EI 1745-459X J9 J SENS STUD JI J. Sens. Stud. PD APR PY 2012 VL 27 IS 2 BP 78 EP 86 DI 10.1111/j.1745-459X.2011.00368.x PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 918CV UT WOS:000302227800002 ER PT J AU Liu, C Lyass, A Massaro, J D'Agostino, R Fox, CS Murabito, JM AF Liu, C. Lyass, A. Massaro, J. D'Agostino, R. Fox, C. S. Murabito, J. M. TI Chronic kidney disease as defined by cystatin C predicts mobility disability: The Framingham Offspring Study. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-Geriatrics-Society CY MAY 03-05, 2012 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Geriatr Soc C1 [Liu, C.; Murabito, J. M.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Liu, C.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Lyass, A.; Massaro, J.; D'Agostino, R.; Fox, C. S.; Murabito, J. M.] Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA USA. [Massaro, J.; D'Agostino, R.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Fox, C. S.] NHLBI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD APR PY 2012 VL 60 SU 4 SI SI BP S117 EP S117 PG 1 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 921FZ UT WOS:000302464800339 ER PT J AU Thacker, ET Gardner, DR Messmer, TA Guttery, MR Dahlgren, DK AF Thacker, Eric T. Gardner, Dale R. Messmer, Terry A. Guttery, Michael R. Dahlgren, Dave K. TI Using gas chromatography to determine winter diets of greater sage-grouse in Utah SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Artemisia; black sagebrush; Centrocercus urophasianus; gas chromatography; Utah; winter diet; Wyoming sagebrush ID MONOTERPENOID CONTENT; CENTRAL MONTANA; INGESTA AB Sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) constitutes the majority (>99%) of sage-grouse (Centrocercus spp.) winter diets. Thus, identification and protection of important winter habitats is a conservation priority. However, not all sagebrush may be alike. More information is needed regarding sage-grouse sagebrush winter dietary preferences for application to management. The objective of our research was to determine if chemical analysis of fecal pellets could be used to characterize winter sage-grouse diets as a substitute for more invasive methods. We collected and analyzed fecal pellets and sagebrush samples from 29 different sage-grouse flock locations in northwestern and southcentral Utah. Using gas chromatography, we were able to identify crude terpene profiles that were unique to Wyoming sagebrush (A. tridentata wyomingensis) and black sagebrush (A. nova). We subsequently used the profiles to determine sagebrush composition of sage-grouse fecal pellets, thus reflecting sage-grouse winter diets. This technique provides managers with a tool to determine which species or subspecies of sagebrush may be important in the winter diets of sage-grouse populations. (c) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Thacker, Eric T.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. [Gardner, Dale R.] ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Messmer, Terry A.; Guttery, Michael R.] Utah State Univ, Jack H Berryman Inst, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Dahlgren, Dave K.] Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Hays, KS 67601 USA. RP Thacker, ET (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Range Res Stn, 2000 18th St, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. EM eric.thacker@ars.usda.gov FU Jack H. Berryman Institute for Wildlife Damage Management; Jessie Quinney Foundation; College of Natural Resources Quinney FX Funding was provided through the Jack H. Berryman Institute for Wildlife Damage Management, S. J. and Jessie Quinney Foundation, and the College of Natural Resources Quinney Professorship for Wildlife Conflict Management. We would like to thank C. Wesolek who aided in data and sample preparation. The Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Bureau of Land Management, and the Dixie National Forest provided essential equipment and support. We would also like to acknowledge the cooperation and support of the Box Elder Adaptive Management and Parker Mountain Adaptive Management local working groups. This research was conducted in cooperation with Utah State University, USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research lab and the USDA-ARS Southern Plains Range Research Station. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2012 VL 76 IS 3 BP 588 EP 592 DI 10.1002/jwmg.273 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 914EN UT WOS:000301932100019 ER PT J AU Washburn, BE Seamans, TW AF Washburn, Brian E. Seamans, Thomas W. TI Foraging preferences of Canada geese among turfgrasses: Implications for reducing human-goose conflicts SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Branta; feeding; geese; landscape management; nutrition; turfgrasses; urban ID INFECTED TALL FESCUE; WILDLIFE DAMAGE MANAGEMENT; GREATER SNOW GEESE; AIR-FORCE BASE; HERBIVOROUS ANATIDAE; FEEDING PREFERENCES; PLANT CONSTITUENTS; BRANTA-CANADENSIS; BARNACLE GEESE; FOOD QUALITY AB Canada geese (Branta canadensis) can cause serious damage to turfgrass areas and create human health and safety concerns (e.g., collisions with aircraft, disease transmission). We conducted a study during 20052007 to determine if Canada geese exhibit a feeding preference among various commercially available turfgrasses. Behavioral responses of captive geese to 9 turfgrasses, bare ground, and litter were observed over 6 4-week trials during JulySeptember following the installation of selected turfgrasses into experimental arenas. Captive geese preferred to forage on Kentucky bluegrass, creeping bentgrass, and fine fescue sods compared to centipedegrass, St. Augustinegrass, and zoysiagrass. Forage qualities and macronutrient levels varied among the turfgrasses and might explain the foraging preferences geese exhibited during this study. Canada goose feeding rate was positively correlated with crude protein, nitrogen content, and calcium, but negatively correlated with acid detergent fiber content, within various turfgrasses. Our findings suggest careful selection of turfgrasses could be an effective method for reducing Canada goose conflicts in urban and suburban areas. (c) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Washburn, Brian E.; Seamans, Thomas W.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ohio Field Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Washburn, BE (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ohio Field Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM brian.e.washburn@aphis.usda.gov FU Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) FX R. Beason, B. Blackwell, L. Kutschbach-Brohl, D. Helon, S. Johnston, L. Tyson, T. DeVault, and others provided field assistance and comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. We thank the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for providing access to the study site. Funding for this study was provided by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Opinions expressed in this study do not necessarily reflect current FAA policy decisions governing the control of wildlife on or near airports. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2012 VL 76 IS 3 BP 600 EP 607 DI 10.1002/jwmg.293 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 914EN UT WOS:000301932100021 ER PT J AU Weller, TJ Baldwin, JA AF Weller, Theodore J. Baldwin, James A. TI Using echolocation monitoring to model bat occupancy and inform mitigations at wind energy facilities SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bats; bat detector; California; curtailment; detection probability; Mojave desert; renewable energy; site occupancy; wind turbine ID HABITAT SUITABILITY; BIRD FATALITIES; SITE OCCUPANCY; RESOURCE AREA; NORTH-AMERICA; CONSERVATION; TURBINES; IMPACTS; CALIFORNIA; DETECTOR AB Fatalities of migratory bats, many of which use low frequency (<35?kHz; LowF) echolocation calls, have become a primary environmental concern associated with wind energy development. Accordingly, strategies to improve compatibility between wind energy development and conservation of bat populations are needed. We combined results of continuous echolocation and meteorological monitoring at multiple stations to model conditions that explained presence of LowF bats at a wind energy facility in southern California. We used a site occupancy approach to model nightly LowF bat presence while accounting for variation in detection probability among echolocation detectors and heights. However, we transposed the spatial and temporal axes of the conventional detection history matrix such that occupancy represented proportion of nights, rather than monitoring points, on which LowF bats were detected. Detectors at 22?m and 52?m above ground had greater detection probabilities for LowF bats than detectors at 2?m above ground. Occupancy of LowF bats was associated with lower nightly wind speeds and higher nightly temperatures, mirroring results from other wind energy facilities. Nevertheless, we found that building separate models for each season and considering solutions with multiple covariates resulted in better fitting models. We suggest that use of multiple environmental variables to predict bat presence could improve efficiency of turbine operational mitigations (e.g., changes to cut-in speeds) over those based solely on wind speed. Increased mitigation efficiencies could lead to greater use of mitigations at wind energy facilities with benefits to bat populations. (c) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Weller, Theodore J.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Baldwin, James A.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Weller, TJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM tweller@fs.fed.us RI Weller, Theodore/B-1091-2008 FU California Energy Commission; Public Interest Energy Research [CEC-500-01-032]; Iberdrola Renewables; Bats and Wind Energy Cooperative FX This paper is dedicated to the memory of Andy Linehan, Iberdrola Renewables, whose vision and leadership on the issue set a standard for balancing renewable energy development with wildlife conservation. This work was funded by the California Energy Commission, Public Interest Energy Research program contract no. CEC-500-01-032, Iberdrola Renewables, and the Bats and Wind Energy Cooperative. We thank J. Chong, E. Elias J. Garwood, C. Ogan, J. Rechel, E. Russell, and M. Schirmacher for assistance in the field. E. Arnett, Bat Conservation International, provided helpful advice and support in all phases of the project from inception through manuscript review. J. Crescenti, C. Lee, S. McMahon-Parsons, and T. Hoffbuhr of Iberdrola Renewables each helped facilitate important aspects of the study. A. Chatfield and W. Erickson of WEST Inc. provided fatality results. J. Werren assisted in figure creation and B. Howard with database design and management. W. Zielinski, E. Arnett, 3 reviewers, and 2 editors provided comments that improved the manuscript. NR 53 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 96 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2012 VL 76 IS 3 BP 619 EP 631 DI 10.1002/jwmg.260 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 914EN UT WOS:000301932100023 ER PT J AU Tan, KC Ferguson-Hunt, M Rybak, K Waters, ODC Stanley, WA Bond, CS Stukenbrock, EH Friesen, TL Faris, JD McDonald, BA Oliver, RP AF Tan, Kar-Chun Ferguson-Hunt, Margo Rybak, Kasia Waters, Ormonde D. C. Stanley, Will A. Bond, Charles S. Stukenbrock, Eva H. Friesen, Timothy L. Faris, Justin D. McDonald, Bruce A. Oliver, Richard P. TI Quantitative Variation in Effector Activity of ToxA Isoforms from Stagonospora nodorum and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE; HOST-SELECTIVE TOXINS; PTR TOXA; TAN SPOT; DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY; RESISTANCE GENES; TRIGGERED SUSCEPTIBILITY; TSN1-TOXA INTERACTION; WHEAT; SENSITIVITY AB ToxA is a proteinaceous necrotrophic effector produced by Stagonospora nodorum and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. In this study, all eight mature isoforms of the ToxA protein were purified and compared. Circular dichroism spectra indicated that all isoforms were structurally intact and had indistinguishable secondary structural features. ToxA isoforms were infiltrated into wheat lines that carry the sensitivity gene Tsn1. It was observed that different wheat lines carrying identical Tsn1 alleles varied in sensitivity to ToxA. All ToxA isoforms induced necrosis when introduced into any Tsn1 wheat line but we observed quantitative variation in effector activity, with the least-active version found in isolates of P. tritici-repentis. Pathogen sporulation increased with higher doses of ToxA. The isoforms that induced the most rapid necrosis also induced the most sporulation, indicating that pathogen fitness is affected by differences in ToxA activity. We show that differences in toxin activity encoded by a single gene can contribute to the quantitative inheritance of necrotrophic virulence. Our findings support the hypothesis that the variation at ToxA results from selection that favors increased toxin activity. C1 [Tan, Kar-Chun; Waters, Ormonde D. C.; Oliver, Richard P.] Curtin Univ Technol, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. [Ferguson-Hunt, Margo; Rybak, Kasia] Murdoch Univ, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. [Stanley, Will A.] Univ Western Australia, ARC Ctr Excellence Plant Energy Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Stukenbrock, Eva H.] Max Planck Inst Marburg, D-35043 Marburg, Germany. [Friesen, Timothy L.; Faris, Justin D.] ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [McDonald, Bruce A.] ETH, Inst Integrat Biol, Plant Pathol Grp, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Oliver, RP (reprint author), Curtin Univ Technol, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. EM richard.oliver@curtin.edu.au RI McDonald, Bruce/A-2748-2008; Bond, Charles/B-4094-2011; Holtgrewe Stukenbrock, Eva/I-4333-2016 OI McDonald, Bruce/0000-0002-5332-2172; Bond, Charles/0000-0002-9584-6783; Holtgrewe Stukenbrock, Eva/0000-0001-8590-3345 FU Australian Grains Research and Development Corporation FX This work was supported by grants from the Australian Grains Research and Development Corporation. ToxA sequences were obtained in the Genetic Diversity Center at ETH Zurich. NR 63 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD APR PY 2012 VL 25 IS 4 BP 515 EP 522 DI 10.1094/MPMI-10-11-0273 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 907QU UT WOS:000301433300008 PM 22250581 ER PT J AU Owens, RA Tech, KB Shao, JY Sano, T Baker, CJ AF Owens, Robert A. Tech, Kimberly B. Shao, Jonathan Y. Sano, Teruo Baker, C. Jacyn TI Global Analysis of Tomato Gene Expression During Potato spindle tuber viroid Infection Reveals a Complex Array of Changes Affecting Hormone Signaling SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; SMALL RNAS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; HOST INTERACTIONS; DOWN-REGULATION; MICRO-TOM; PATHOGENICITY; VIRUS; RESPONSES; PATHOGENESIS AB Viroids like Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) are the smallest known agents of infectious disease-small, highly structured, circular RNA molecules that lack detectable messenger RNA activity, yet are able to replicate autonomously in susceptible plant species. To better understand the possible role of RNA silencing in disease induction, a combination of microarray analysis and large-scale RNA sequence analysis was used to compare changes in tomato gene expression and microRNA levels associated with PSTVd infection in two tomato cultivars plus a third transformed line expressing small PSTVd small interfering RNAs in the absence of viroid replication. Changes in messenger (m)RNA levels for the sensitive cultivar 'Rutgers' were extensive, involving more than half of the approximately 10,000 genes present on the array. Chloroplast biogenesis was down-regulated in both sensitive and tolerant cultivars, and effects on mRNAs encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of gibberellin and other hormones were accompanied by numerous changes affecting their respective signaling pathways. In the dwarf cultivar 'MicroTom', a marked upregulation of genes involved in response to stress and other stimuli was observed only when exogenous brassinosteroid was applied to infected plants, thereby providing the first evidence for the involvement of brassinosteroid-mediated signaling in viroid disease induction. C1 [Owens, Robert A.; Tech, Kimberly B.; Shao, Jonathan Y.; Baker, C. Jacyn] ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Sano, Teruo] Hirosaki Univ, Fac Agr & Life Sci, Plant Pathol Lab, Hirosaki, Aomori 0368561, Japan. RP Owens, RA (reprint author), ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM robert.a.owens@ars.usda.gov FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [B18380028, 21380029, 18658016]; Hirosaki University FX Microarray analyses were carried out by J. Yin (University of Maryland School of Medicine). We thank D. Robinson (SAS) for assistance in the use of the JMP Genomics software package, B. Ding (Ohio State University) and A. Simon (University of Maryland) for assistance with Northern blotting, and N. Sugimoto and S. Ishii (Hokkaido System Science Co. Ltd., Sapporo, Japan) for technical assistance with the Illumina Genome Analyzer. This work was supported in part by Grants-in Aid for Scientific Research B18380028, 21380029 and 18658016 from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and Grant-in Aid-for Scientific Research of Priority Area, Hirosaki University 2008. NR 67 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD APR PY 2012 VL 25 IS 4 BP 582 EP 598 DI 10.1094/MPMI-09-11-0258 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 907QU UT WOS:000301433300014 PM 22217247 ER PT J AU Tepedino, VJ Bowlin, WR Griswold, TL AF Tepedino, Vincent J. Bowlin, William R. Griswold, Terry L. TI Pollinators Complicate Conservation of an Endemic Plant: Physaria obcordata (Cruciferae) in the Piceance Basin, Colorado SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE breeding system; native bees; pollination; pollinator limitation; rare plant ID MULLIGAN BRASSICACEAE; SLICKSPOT PEPPERGRASS; POLLEN LIMITATION; RARE; HYBRIDIZATION; LESQUERELLA; EXTINCTION; BIOLOGY; THREAT; BEES AB Physaria obcordata is a rare endemic of western Colorado. Plants are self-incompatible; they cannot reproduce sexually unless pollinators move pollen between flowers of different genets. We found no evidence that: seed production was limited by inadequate pollination or that pollinations between near neighbor plants (inbreeding depression) or between distant plants (outbreeding depression) resulted in reduced fruit or seed set. Examples are given of the potentially devastating effect of grazing on fruit and seed production. Preliminary evidence suggests that P obcordata can hybridize with its common congener, P. acutifolia. Only crosses with P. obcordata as pollen recipient and ? acutifolia as pollen donor seemed fertile. Primary flower-visitors of? obcordata are ground-nesting native bees in the families Andrenidae and Halictidae. Most species visiting the flowers of P. obcordata are generalists. Only two bee species were likely mustard specialists. The only non-bee visitor of any import was a dipteran, Gonia (Tachinidae). Predictions of the distances flown by common bee visitors were made using the equations of Greenleaf et al. (2007). No bee is likely to travel more than I km from its nesting site to visit P. obcordata flowers and most are likely to fly distances that are significantly less. The implications of flight range estimates for gene flow between Physaria populations and for pollinator protection are discussed. Several recommendations are made for conservation of P obcordata and its attendant bees. C1 [Tepedino, Vincent J.; Bowlin, William R.; Griswold, Terry L.] Utah State Univ, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, USDA ARS, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Tepedino, Vincent J.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Tepedino, VJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, USDA ARS, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM vince.tepedino@usu.edu FU USDA-APHIS; Colorado Natural Areas Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank the USDA-APHIS Grasshopper IPM Project, the Colorado Natural Areas Program, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for support. Brian Kurzel and Laura Smith of CNAP, and Gina Glenne of USFWS, were especially helpful. Ron Harthon, former Director at Little Hills Research Station in the Piceance Basin, and his staff were friendly and supportive hosts. Rusty Roberts of the BLM office in Meeker, CO helped to get us started. Sarah Clark (USU) generously shared findings from her ongoing studies. Constructive comments on the manuscript were offered by David Inouye, Univ. of Maryland, and David Tanner, formerly Utah State University. We thank them all. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 26 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 EI 2162-4399 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD APR PY 2012 VL 32 IS 2 BP 140 EP 148 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 922CY UT WOS:000302525600002 ER PT J AU Raymond, NC Peterson, RE Bartholome, LT Raatz, SK Jensen, MD Levine, JA AF Raymond, Nancy C. Peterson, Roseann E. Bartholome, Lindsay T. Raatz, Susan K. Jensen, Michael D. Levine, James A. TI Comparisons of Energy Intake and Energy Expenditure in Overweight and Obese Women With and Without Binge Eating Disorder SO OBESITY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLY-LABELED-WATER; FOOD-INTAKE; GASTRIC BYPASS; VALIDITY; SURGERY; METABOLISM; SELECTION; PATTERNS; NUTRIENT; EXERCISE AB The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in energy intake or energy expenditure that distinguish overweight/obese women with and without binge eating disorder (BED). Seventeen overweight/obese women with BED and 17 overweight/obese controls completed random 24-h dietary recall interviews, and had total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) assessed by the doubly labeled water (DLW) technique with concurrent food log data collection. Participants received two baseline dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans and had basal metabolic rate (BMR) and thermic effect of food (TEF) measured using indirect calorimetry. Results indicated no between group differences in TDEE, BMR, and TEF. As in our previous work, according to dietary recall data, the BED group had significantly higher caloric intake on days when they had binge eating episodes than on days when they did not (3,255 vs. 2,343 kcal). There was no difference between BED nonbinge day intake and control group intake (2,233 vs. 2,140 kcal). Similar results were found for food log data. Dietary recall data indicated a trend toward higher average daily intake in the BED group (2,587 vs. 2,140 kcal). Furthermore, when comparing TDEE to dietary recall and food log data, both groups displayed significant under-reporting of caloric intake of similar magnitudes ranging from 20 to 33%. Predicted energy requirements estimated via the Harris-Benedict equation (HBE) underestimated measured TDEE by 23-24%. Our data suggest that increased energy intake reported by BED individuals is due to increased food consumption and not metabolic or under-reporting differences. C1 [Raymond, Nancy C.; Bartholome, Lindsay T.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Peterson, Roseann E.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Human & Mol Genet, Virginia Inst Psychiat & Behav Genet, Richmond, VA USA. [Raatz, Susan K.] USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. [Raatz, Susan K.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Jensen, Michael D.; Levine, James A.] Mayo Clin, Dept Endocrinol, Rochester, MN USA. RP Raymond, NC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM raymo002@umn.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R01 MH 060199, MO1-RR00400]; Minnesota Obesity Center [P30 DK 60456]; National Institute of Health [DA26119] FX This study was funded by a National Institutes of Health Grant (R01 MH 060199, MO1-RR00400). Supported in part by the Minnesota Obesity Center Grant (P30 DK 60456). This work was supported by National Institute of Health DA26119 to R. E. P. The authors want to thank Charles Ford, PhD, for analyzing the DLW samples by mass spectrometer and contributing the text on how this analysis was performed and Jennifer Hommerding for assistance with data collection. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD APR PY 2012 VL 20 IS 4 BP 765 EP 772 DI 10.1038/oby.2011.312 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 917AC UT WOS:000302143300009 PM 22016098 ER PT J AU Duke, SO AF Duke, Stephen O. TI Why have no new herbicide modes of action appeared in recent years? SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE glyphosate; herbicide; mode of action; resistance ID GLYPHOSATE-RESISTANT CROPS; ANTISENSE RNA; VACUOLAR SEQUESTRATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; POTATO PLANTS; MANAGEMENT; LEADS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TRANSCRIPTOME; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Herbicides with new modes of action are badly needed to manage the evolution of resistance of weeds to existing herbicides. Yet no major new mode of action has been introduced to the market place for about 20 years. There are probably several reasons for this. New potential products may have remained dormant owing to concerns that glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops have reduced the market for a new herbicide. The capture of a large fraction of the herbicide market by glyphosate with GR crops led to significantly diminished herbicide discovery efforts. Some of the reduced herbicide discovery research was also due to company consolidations and the availability of more generic herbicides. Another problem might be that the best herbicide molecular target sites may have already been discovered. However, target sites that are not utilized, for which there are inhibitors that are highly effective at killing plants, suggests that this is not true. Results of modern methods of target site discovery (e.g. gene knockout methods) are mostly not public, but there is no evidence of good herbicides with new target sites coming from these approaches. In summary, there are several reasons for a long dry period for new herbicide target sites; however, the relative magnitude of each is unclear. The economic stimulus to the herbicide industry caused by the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds, especially GR weeds, may result in one or more new modes of action becoming available in the not too distant future. Copyright (C) 2011 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Duke, Stephen O.] Univ Mississippi, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, Oxford, MS USA. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM Stephen.Duke@ars.usda.gov NR 66 TC 81 Z9 85 U1 8 U2 83 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 68 IS 4 BP 505 EP 512 DI 10.1002/ps.2333 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 904FH UT WOS:000301179000003 PM 22190296 ER PT J AU Dayan, FE Owens, DK Duke, SO AF Dayan, Franck E. Owens, Daniel K. Duke, Stephen O. TI Rationale for a natural products approach to herbicide discovery SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE natural products; microbial toxins; allelochemicals; mode of action ID P-HYDROXYPHENYLPYRUVATE DIOXYGENASE; CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; CROP PROTECTION; ADENYLOSUCCINATE SYNTHETASE; PHYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY; TARGET; ANALOGS; INHIBITORS; THAXTOMIN; MODE AB Weeds continue to evolve resistance to all the known modes of herbicidal action, but no herbicide with a new target site has been commercialized in nearly 20 years. The so-called new chemistries are simply molecules belonging to new chemical classes that have the same mechanisms of action as older herbicides (e.g. the protoporphyrinogen-oxidase-inhibiting pyrimidinedione saflufenacil or the very-long-chain fatty acid elongase targeting sulfonylisoxazoline herbicide pyroxasulfone). Therefore, the number of tools to manage weeds, and in particular those that can control herbicide-resistant weeds, is diminishing rapidly. There is an imminent need for truly innovative classes of herbicides that explore chemical spaces and interact with target sites not previously exploited by older active ingredients. This review proposes a rationale for a natural-products-centered approach to herbicide discovery that capitalizes on the structural diversity and ingenuity afforded by these biologically active compounds. The natural process of extended-throughput screening (high number of compounds tested on many potential target sites over long periods of times) that has shaped the evolution of natural products tends to generate molecules tailored to interact with specific target sites. As this review shows, there is generally little overlap between the mode of action of natural and synthetic phytotoxins, and more emphasis should be placed on applying methods that have proved beneficial to the pharmaceutical industry to solve problems in the agrochemical industry. Published 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Dayan, Franck E.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM Franck.Dayan@ars.usda.gov RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 91 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 5 U2 84 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 68 IS 4 BP 519 EP 528 DI 10.1002/ps.2332 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 904FH UT WOS:000301179000005 PM 22232033 ER PT J AU Tanis, SR Cregg, BM Mota-Sanchez, D McCullough, DG Poland, TM AF Tanis, Sara R. Cregg, Bert M. Mota-Sanchez, David McCullough, Deborah G. Poland, Therese M. TI Spatial and temporal distribution of trunk-injected 14C-imidacloprid in Fraxinus trees SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sectored flow; ash; Agrilus planipennis; emerald ash borer; systemic control ID WOOLLY ADELGID HEMIPTERA; EMERALD ASH BORER; TEMPERATE TREE; ANOPLOPHORA-GLABRIPENNIS; SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES; SECTORIALITY; COLEOPTERA; CERAMBYCIDAE; VESSELS; SOIL AB BACKGROUND: Since the discovery of Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (emerald ash borer) in 2002, researchers have tested several methods of chemical control. Soil drench or trunk injection products containing imidacloprid are commonly used to control adults. However, efficacy can be highly variable and may be due to uneven translocation of systemic insecticides. The purpose of this study was to determine whether sectored xylem anatomy might influence imidacloprid distribution in tree crowns. RESULTS: Imidacloprid equivalent concentrations were higher in leaves from branches in the plane of the injection point (0 degrees) than in leaves from branches on the opposite side of the injection point (180 degrees). Leaves from branches 90 degrees to the right of injection points had higher imidacloprid equivalent concentrations than leaves from branches 90 degrees to the left of injection points. Leaves and shoots had higher imidacloprid equivalent concentrations than roots and trunk cores, indicating that imidacloprid moves primarily through the xylem. CONCLUSION: Imidacloprid equivalent concentration in leaves varied over timeandinrelation toinjection points. It is concluded that ash trees have sectored ` zigzag' xylem architecture patterns consistent with sectored flow distribution. This could lead to variable distribution of imidacloprid in tree crowns and therefore to variable control of A. planipennis. (C) 2012 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Tanis, Sara R.; Cregg, Bert M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Cregg, Bert M.; McCullough, Deborah G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Mota-Sanchez, David; McCullough, Deborah G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Poland, Therese M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Stn, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Tanis, SR (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM tanissar@msu.edu FU USDA Forest Service Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry FX The authors thank Anna Arend, Dan Hess, Darren Gladstone, Jennifer Hunnel and Wendy Klooster (MSU) for assistance with field work, Jon Stieglitz (MSU, ORCBS) for assistance with radioactive isotope compliance and Marlene Cameron for graphics design. They are grateful to Dr John Wise for his valuable contributions to an earlier version of this manuscript. They also thank two anonymous reviewers whose thoughtful comments improved the manuscript. Funding was provided by USDA Forest Service Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry. Trees were donated by J Frank Schmidt and Son Company. Imicide (R) was donated by Arnold Farran, JJ Mauget Company. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 68 IS 4 BP 529 EP 536 DI 10.1002/ps.2281 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 904FH UT WOS:000301179000006 PM 22290795 ER PT J AU Resop, JP Kozarek, JL Hession, WC AF Resop, Jonathan P. Kozarek, Jessica L. Hession, W. Cully TI Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Delineating In-stream Boulders and Quantifying Habitat Complexity Measures SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; TREE CROWNS; RIVER; COMMUNITIES; MORPHOLOGY; DIVERSITY; MODELS; LIDAR AB Accurate stream topography measurement is important for many ecological applications such as hydraulic modeling and habitat characterization. Habitat complexity measures are often made using visual approximations or total station (TS) surveying that can be subjective and have limited spatial resolution. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) can measure topography at a high resolution and accuracy. Two methods, TS surveying and TLS, were compared for measuring complex topography in a boulder-dominated 100 in forested reach of the Staunton River in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. The mean absolute difference between the two datasets was 0.11 in with 82.3 percent of the TS data within +/- 0.1 in of TLS. The TLS dataset was processed to remove vegetation and create a 2 cm digital elevation model (DEM). An algorithm was developed for delineating rocks within the stream channel from the DEM. A common ecological metric based on the structural complexity of the stream, percent in-stream rock cover, was calculated from the TLS dataset, and the results were compared to estimates from traditional methods. This application illustrates the potential of TLS to quantify habitat complexity measures in an automated, unbiased manner. C1 [Resop, Jonathan P.; Kozarek, Jessica L.; Hession, W. Cully] Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Resop, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM resop@vt.edu NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2012 VL 78 IS 4 SI SI BP 363 EP 371 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 918VN UT WOS:000302279500011 ER PT J AU Dahleen, LS Morgan, W Mittal, S Bregitzer, P Brown, RH Hill, NS AF Dahleen, Lynn S. Morgan, William Mittal, Shipra Bregitzer, Phil Brown, Ryan H. Hill, Nicholas S. TI Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for Fusarium ELISA compared to QTL for Fusarium head blight resistance and deoxynivalenol content in barley SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Hordeum vulgare; Fusarium head blight; deoxynivalenol; cleistogamy ID KERNEL DISCOLORATION; WHEAT; INFECTION; POPULATION; IDENTIFICATION; ACCUMULATION; GERMPLASM; CULMORUM; PROTEIN; HEIGHT AB Fusarium head blight (FHB) and deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin produced by Fusarium graminearum reduce barley yield and quality worldwide. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using an antibody specific to Fusarium was proposed as an alternative for measuring FHB instead of counting infected kernels per spike. Cleistogamy (closed flowering) may be an avoidance mechanism for FHB resistance. This study was conducted to determine whether quantitative trait loci (QTL) for Fusarium ELISA were colocated with QTL for FHB, DON, heading date, height and spike density and/or the gene for cleistogamy. Doubled haploid lines from Zhedar 2/ND9712//Foster were tested in ten environments and used to develop a 260-marker linkage map. QTL analysis located 24 significant regions for the six traits. The effect of cleistogamy on resistance was unclear and environment specific. Of the two QTL located for ELISA, only one corresponded with a QTL for FHB, but large allelic differences in ELISA were found for the regions significantly associated with FHB and DON, indicating that ELISA could be a simpler method to identify lines with FHB resistance and low DON. C1 [Dahleen, Lynn S.; Morgan, William] USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Mittal, Shipra] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. [Bregitzer, Phil; Brown, Ryan H.] USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Hill, Nicholas S.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Dahleen, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM lynn.dahleen@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD APR PY 2012 VL 131 IS 2 BP 237 EP 243 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2012.01952.x PG 7 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 917CX UT WOS:000302151100002 ER PT J AU Yan, WG Hu, BL Zhang, QJ Jia, LM Jackson, A Pan, XH Huang, BH Yan, ZB Deren, C AF Yan, Wengui Hu, Biaolin Zhang, Qijun Jia, Limeng Jackson, Aaron Pan, Xuhao Huang, Bihu Yan, Zongbu Deren, Christopher TI Short and erect rice (ser) mutant from Khao Dawk Mali 105' improves plant architecture SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE rice; gene mutation; plant architecture; gene pleiotropy; grain yield ID GREEN-REVOLUTION; GRAIN-YIELD; GENE; DOMESTICATION AB Plant architecture includes branching (tillering) pattern, plant height, leaf shape and angle, and the structure of reproductive organs. These attributes are of major agronomic importance as they determine the adaptability of a plant to various methods of cultivation, which in turn influence harvest index and grain yield. We detected a recessive mutant from the aromatic cultivar Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDM105), which exhibits a plant architecture with shorter height, shorter and more erect leaves and panicle than the wild type. The mutant line was named ser for short and erect rice. The ser mutation was induced by 30 kilorads of gamma radiation. Averaged from 10 mature plants grown in the greenhouse, the ser had 104.6 degrees smaller angle between the flag leaf and culm, compared with the KDM105 wild type. For the leaf below the flag leaf, the ser mutant was 46.2 degrees more erect than the wild type. The length of the flag, 2nd and 3rd leaf of the ser was 21.8, 24.4 and 16.3 cm shorter than the wild type, respectively. Plant height as measured from soil surface to flag leaf tip was reduced by 43.5 cm, while plant height measured from soil to panicle tip was reduced by 28.5 cm in the ser in comparison with the wild type. Characterization of 10 booting plants each of the ser, wild and their reciprocal F1 populations confirmed the shortening mutation with no cytoplasmic effect. The ser was identically monomorphic to its wild type and F1 hybrid for all 11 SSR markers covering seven chromosomes, indicating a true mutation. In the F2 generation, a ratio of three wild type to one ser was observed, resulting in a chi(2) of 0.067 (P = 0.795) for a single gene segregation and demonstrating a recessive mutation. The ser will be an ideal material for the study on gene pleiotropy and metabolism functions. Further, the pleiotropic gene in such a premium quality cultivar globally known will be valuable for improving plant architecture in rice cultivars. C1 [Yan, Wengui; Jia, Limeng; Jackson, Aaron; Pan, Xuhao] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. [Hu, Biaolin] Jiangxi Acad Agr Sci, Rice Res Inst, Nanchang, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Qijun] Jiangsu Acad Agr Sci, Food Crop Res Inst, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Jia, Limeng] Zhejiang Univ, Inst Nucl Agr Sci, State Key Lab Rice Biol, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Jia, Limeng; Pan, Xuhao; Yan, Zongbu; Deren, Christopher] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. [Pan, Xuhao] Sichuan Agr Univ, Rice Res Inst, Chengdu, Peoples R China. [Huang, Bihu] Univ Arkansas, Pine Bluff, AR USA. RP Yan, WG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. EM Wengui.Yan@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD APR PY 2012 VL 131 IS 2 BP 282 EP 285 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2011.01943.x PG 4 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 917CX UT WOS:000302151100008 ER PT J AU Scott, MP Byrnes, K Blanco, M AF Scott, Marvin Paul Byrnes, Kenneth Blanco, Michael TI Dry matter and relative sugar yield from enzymatic hydrolysis of maize whole plants and cobs SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE lignocellulosic biomass; germplasm enhancement; biofuel; cobs ID CORN-SILAGE; STOVER; ETHANOL; BIOMASS; QUALITY; FERMENTABILITY; GERMPLASM; REMOVAL; HYBRID; BELT AB The objective of this work was to determine the potential of germplasm from the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) programme for use as a biofuel feedstock, relative to commercial grain and silage hybrids. Eighteen maize genotypes including GEM varieties and commercial checks were evaluated in a 2-year field study for dry matter yield, moisture at harvest and sugar produced by hydrolysis of whole plants and cobs. There were no significant correlations between any of the traits measured, suggesting that it should be possible to improve yield with quality traits using a selection index. A brown midrib variety was in the top significance group for hydrolysis traits, underscoring the impact of this mutation on the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass. Commercial varieties tended to have superior dry matter yield, while several GEM lines ranked highly for sugar produced by hydrolysis of whole plants. Selection indices that take both sugar produced by hydrolysis and dry matter yield into account produced rankings of the germplasm used in this study that were markedly different than rankings based on either trait alone. C1 [Scott, Marvin Paul] USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Byrnes, Kenneth] Dow AgroSci, Davenport, IA 52806 USA. [Blanco, Michael] USDA ARS, N Cent Plant Intro Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Scott, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM paul.scott@ars.usda.gov RI Scott, M./E-3291-2010 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0179-9541 EI 1439-0523 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD APR PY 2012 VL 131 IS 2 BP 286 EP 292 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2011.01937.x PG 7 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 917CX UT WOS:000302151100009 ER PT J AU McPhee, KE Inglis, DA Gundersen, B Coyne, CJ AF McPhee, Kevin E. Inglis, Debbie A. Gundersen, Babette Coyne, Clarice J. TI Mapping QTL for Fusarium wilt Race 2 partial resistance in pea (Pisum sativum) SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE near wilt; breeding for host resistance; Fusarium wilt; Fusarium oxysporum; Fnw; peas ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; LEGUMES; BLIGHT; MAP; DNA; L. AB Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. pisi (Fop) exists in pea production regions worldwide and causes a vascular wilt resulting in significant crop losses. Four races of Fop have been identified, and resistance to each was reportedly conferred by an individual single dominant gene. Fnw confers resistance to Fop race 2, which can be a serious pathogen for both green and dry pea production in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The objectives of this research were to (i) place Fnw on the Pisum genetic map, (ii) detect additional genetic factors associated with resistance to race 2 and (iii) identify closely linked markers for use in pea breeding A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of 187 F7-derived lines from the cross Shawnee/Bohatyr was developed by single-seed decent. All 187 RILs, the parents and one set of race 2 pea differential entries were inoculated with Fop race 2 under controlled conditions in three experiments, each with two or three replications per entry. Disease reactions were recorded as percentage diseased plants 1014 days postinoculation or at regular intervals through flowering or early pod fill. Data for progressive wilting over time, typical of Fop race 2, were used to calculate area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) values. Data for percentage diseased plants placed the putative single gene Fnw on Pisum sativum linkage group IV, with LOD scores ranging from 40.0 to 65.6 and minor loci on LG III (LOD 3.97 and 4.60). AUDPC values allowed for the detection of additional QTL on linkage group III with LOD scores of 3.97 and 4.60. The presence of recombinants in the population indicated that complementary genes were contributed by each parent, both of which showed intermediate reaction to Fop race 2. Results of this research provide a basis for marker-assisted selection of the major Fnw loci in both green and dry pea breeding programmes, but additional research is necessary to fully characterize the complementary gene action governing resistance of the two minor loci identified. C1 [McPhee, Kevin E.] NDSU, Dept 7670, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Inglis, Debbie A.; Gundersen, Babette] WSU Mt Vernon NW Washington Res & Extens Ctr, Mt Vernon, WA 98273 USA. [Coyne, Clarice J.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP McPhee, KE (reprint author), NDSU, Dept 7670, POB 6050,370G Loftsgard Hall, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM kevin.mcphee@ndsu.edu FU AFRI; USDA ARS [5348-2100-026-00D] FX The authors wish to thank USDA CSREES (now AFRI) Special Grant Program for Cool Season Food Legumes for funding this project via an award to CJC, KEM and DAI and also to acknowledge other support from USDA ARS Project 5348-2100-026-00D (CJC). NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0179-9541 EI 1439-0523 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD APR PY 2012 VL 131 IS 2 BP 300 EP 306 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2011.01938.x PG 7 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 917CX UT WOS:000302151100011 ER PT J AU Cardenas, M Tabima, J Fry, WE Grunwald, NJ Bernal, A Restrepo, S AF Cardenas, M. Tabima, J. Fry, W. E. Gruenwald, N. J. Bernal, A. Restrepo, S. TI Defining species boundaries in the genus Phytophthora: the case of Phytophthora andina A response to Phytophthora andina sp nov., a newly identified heterothallic pathogen of solanaceous hosts in the Andean highlands' (Oliva et al., 2010) SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; INFESTANS; ECUADOR; POPULATION; EVOLUTION; MRBAYES; ORIGIN; TREES C1 [Cardenas, M.; Tabima, J.; Bernal, A.; Restrepo, S.] Univ Los Andes, Lab Micol & Fitopatol LAMFU, Bogota, Colombia. [Fry, W. E.] Cornell Univ Ithaca, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Gruenwald, N. J.] ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Cardenas, M (reprint author), Univ Los Andes, Lab Micol & Fitopatol LAMFU, Bogota, Colombia. EM martcard@gmail.com RI Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013; OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Restrepo, Silvia/0000-0001-9016-1040; Tabima, Javier/0000-0002-3603-2691 NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 61 IS 2 BP 215 EP 220 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2011.02530.x PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 908JC UT WOS:000301485700001 ER PT J AU Haynes, KJ Liebhold, AM Johnson, DM AF Haynes, Kyle J. Liebhold, Andrew M. Johnson, Derek M. TI Elevational gradient in the cyclicity of a forest-defoliating insect SO POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gypsy moth; Lymantria dispar; Peromyscus leucopus; Population cycle; Periodicity ID GYPSY-MOTH DEFOLIATION; SNOWSHOE HARE POPULATION; SMALL-MAMMAL ABUNDANCE; NORTH-AMERICA; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION; STAND SUSCEPTIBILITY; GENERALIST PREDATORS; DYNAMICS; OUTBREAKS AB Observed changes in the cyclicity of herbivore populations along latitudinal gradients and the hypothesis that shifts in the importance of generalist versus specialist predators explain such gradients has long been a matter of intense interest. In contrast, elevational gradients in population cyclicity are largely unexplored. We quantified the cyclicity of gypsy moth populations along an elevational gradient by applying wavelet analysis to spatially referenced 31-year records (1975-2005) of defoliation. Based on geographically weighted regression and nonlinear regression, we found either a hump-shaped or plateauing relationship between elevation and the cyclicity of gypsy moth populations and a positive relationship between cyclicity and the density of the gypsy moth's preferred host-tree species. The potential effects of elevational gradients in the density of generalist predators and preferred host-tree species on the cyclicity of gypsy moth populations were evaluated with mechanistic simulation models. The models suggested that an elevational gradient in the densities of preferred host tree species could partially explain elevational patterns of gypsy moth cyclicity. Results from a model assuming a type-III functional response of generalist predators to changes in gypsy moth density were inconsistent with the observed elevational gradient in gypsy moth cyclicity. However, a model with a more realistic type-II functional response gave results roughly consistent with the empirical findings. In contrast to classical studies on the effects of generalist predators on prey population cycles, our model with a type-II functional response predicts a unimodal relationship between generalist-predator density and the cyclicity of gypsy moth populations. C1 [Haynes, Kyle J.] Univ Virginia, Boyce, VA 22620 USA. [Liebhold, Andrew M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Johnson, Derek M.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Haynes, KJ (reprint author), Univ Virginia, 400 Blandy Farm Lane, Boyce, VA 22620 USA. EM haynes@virginia.edu RI Haynes, Kyle/C-1374-2012; Johnson, Derek/B-6409-2012; Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Haynes, Kyle/0000-0002-3283-6633; Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 FU USDA-NRI [2006-35306-17264] FX Gino Luzader provided valuable assistance with the gypsy moth defoliation database. Jonathan Walter provided useful comments on an earlier draft of this publication. Funding for this project was provided by a USDA-NRI Grant (2006-35306-17264) to D. M. Johnson. NR 80 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 34 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1438-3896 J9 POPUL ECOL JI Popul. Ecol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 54 IS 2 BP 239 EP 250 DI 10.1007/s10144-012-0305-x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 918XH UT WOS:000302284300001 ER PT J AU Einum, S Finstad, AG Robertsen, G Nislow, KH McKelvey, S Armstrong, JD AF Einum, Sigurd Finstad, Anders G. Robertsen, Grethe Nislow, Keith H. McKelvey, Simon Armstrong, John D. TI Natal movement in juvenile Atlantic salmon: a body size-dependent strategy? SO POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Conditional strategy; Density dependence; Dispersal; Salmo salar; Spatial distribution ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; HABITAT-SELECTION; CATAMARAN BROOK; NEW-BRUNSWICK; BROWN TROUT; SALAR FRY; DISPERSAL; DENSITY; GROWTH; PREDATION AB If competitive ability depends on body size, then the optimal natal movement from areas of high local population density can also be predicted to be size-dependent. Specifically, small, competitively-inferior individuals would be expected to benefit most from moving to areas of lower local density. Here we evaluate whether individual variation in natal movement following emergence from nests is consistent with such a size-dependent strategy in Atlantic salmon, and whether such a strategy is evident across a range of environmental conditions (principally predator presence and conspecific density). In stream channel experiments, those juveniles that stayed close to nests were larger than those that emigrated. This result was not sensitive to predator presence or conspecific density. These observations were mirrored in natural streams in which salmon eggs were planted in nests and the resulting offspring were sampled at high spatial resolution. A negative relationship was found between juvenile body size and distance from nests early in development whereas in those streams sampled later in ontogeny, individuals that had moved furthest were largest. Thus, movement away from nests appeared to result in a reduced competitive intensity and increased growth rate. The fact that there is ultimately a growth advantage associated with moving suggests that there is also a cost that selects against movement by the larger individuals. Thus, natal movement in juvenile Atlantic salmon appears to represent a body size-dependent strategy. C1 [Einum, Sigurd; Robertsen, Grethe] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Conservat Biol, Dept Biol, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Finstad, Anders G.; Robertsen, Grethe] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway. [Nislow, Keith H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [McKelvey, Simon] CKD Falbraith, Conon Dist Salmon Fisheries Board, Inverness IV2 3HF, Scotland. [Armstrong, John D.] Marine Scotland Sci Freshwater Lab, Pitlochry PH16 5LB, Perth, Scotland. RP Einum, S (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Conservat Biol, Dept Biol, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. EM sigurd.einum@bio.ntnu.no; knislow@fs.fed.us; CONONDSFB@aol.com; John.Armstrong@scotland.gsi.gov.uk RI Finstad, Anders/H-6519-2015 OI Finstad, Anders/0000-0003-4529-6266 FU Research Council of Norway FX We thank J. Henry, A. Foldvik, R. Kaspersson, R. Knudsen and the staff at the NINA Research station, Ims, for technical assistance, and three anonymous referees for helpful comments. Financial support was provided by the Research Council of Norway. The study was conducted according to national regulations for the treatment and welfare of experimental animals. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 40 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1438-3896 J9 POPUL ECOL JI Popul. Ecol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 54 IS 2 BP 285 EP 294 DI 10.1007/s10144-011-0296-z PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 918XH UT WOS:000302284300005 ER PT J AU Vrentas, CE Onstot, S Nicholson, EM AF Vrentas, Catherine E. Onstot, Stephanie Nicholson, Eric M. TI A comparative analysis of rapid methods for purification and refolding of recombinant bovine prion protein SO PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION LA English DT Article DE Prion; PrP; Recombinant; Encephalopathy; Purification; Inclusion body ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTIBODIES; MOUSE AB Bacterially-produced recombinant prion protein (rPrP) is a frequently used model system for the study of the properties of wild-type and mutant prion proteins by biochemical and biophysical approaches. A range of approaches have been developed for the purification and refolding of untagged rPrP expressed as inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli, including refolding by dialysis and simultaneous on-column purification and refolding. In order to perform a higher-throughput analysis of different rPrP proteins, an approach that produces highly pure rPrP with a minimum of purification steps and a high yield per liter of induced bacterial culture is desired. Here, we directly compare purification approaches for untagged bovine rPrP as adapted to rapid, small-scale formats useful for higher-throughput studies. An analysis of protein yield, purity, oxidation, and refolding revealed significant differences between preparative methods as adapted to the small-scale format, and based on these findings we provide recommendations for future purifications. We also describe the utility of a sensitive commercial kit for thiol analysis of these preparations, the pH dependence of dimer formation during refolding of bovine rPrP, and bovine rPrP binding to cobalt affinity resin. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Vrentas, Catherine E.; Onstot, Stephanie; Nicholson, Eric M.] Agr Res Serv, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Nicholson, EM (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM eric.nicholson@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service FX The authors thank Trudy Tatum and Kevin Hassall for excellent technical assistance. The authors declare no conflict of interest. This work is funded in its entirety by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this report is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-5928 J9 PROTEIN EXPRES PURIF JI Protein Expr. Purif. PD APR PY 2012 VL 82 IS 2 BP 380 EP 388 DI 10.1016/j.pep.2012.02.008 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 921PA UT WOS:000302488300019 PM 22381461 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, VH Griswold, T Praz, CJ Danforth, BN AF Gonzalez, Victor H. Griswold, Terry Praz, Christophe J. Danforth, Bryan N. TI Phylogeny of the bee family Megachilidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) based on adult morphology SO SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTHIDIUM-MANICATUM; ANTENNA CLEANER; NORTH-AMERICA; SOLITARY BEE; 1ST RECORDS; CLASSIFICATION; OSMIINI; GENUS; COLLECTION; EVOLUTION AB Phylogenetic relationships within the bee family Megachilidae are poorly understood. The monophyly of the subfamily Fideliinae is questionable, the relationships among the tribes and subtribes in the subfamily Megachilinae are unknown, and some extant genera cannot be placed with certainty at the tribal level. Using a cladistic analysis of adult external morphological characters, we explore the relationships of the eight tribes and two subtribes currently recognised in Megachilidae. Our dataset included 80% of the extant generic-level diversity, representatives of all fossil taxa, and was analysed using parsimony. We employed 200 characters and selected 7 outgroups and 72 ingroup species of 60 genera, plus 7 species of 4 extinct genera from Baltic amber. Our analysis shows that Fideliinae and the tribes Anthidiini and Osmiini of Megachilinae are paraphyletic; it supports the monophyly of Megachilinae, including the extinct taxa, and the sister group relationship of Lithurgini to the remaining megachilines. The Sub-Saharan genus Aspidosmia, a rare group with a mixture of osmiine and anthidiine features, is herein removed from Anthidiini and placed in its own tribe, Aspidosmiini, new tribe. Protolithurgini is the sister of Lithurgini, both placed herein in the subfamily Lithurginae; the other extinct taxa, Glyptapina and Ctenoplectrellina, are more basally related among Megachilinae than Osmiini, near Aspidosmia, and are herein treated at the tribal level. Noteriades, a genus presently in the Osmiini, is herein transferred to the Megachilini. Thus, we recognise four subfamilies (Fideliinae, Pararhophitinae, Lithurginae and Megachilinae) and nine tribes in Megachilidae. We briefly discuss the evolutionary history and biogeography of the family, present alternative classifications, and provide a revised key to the extant tribes of Megachilinae. C1 [Gonzalez, Victor H.; Griswold, Terry] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Praz, Christophe J.; Danforth, Bryan N.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Praz, Christophe J.] Univ Neuchatel, Lab Evolutionary Entomol, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. RP Gonzalez, VH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM victorgonzab@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0742998] FX We are grateful to David Grimaldi, American Museum of Natural History, for kindly arranging the loan and allowing us to examine the Megachilidae fossils; Michael S. Engel for bringing to our attention the puzzling fossils and for valuable comments on the manuscript; Michael S. Engel, Zackary Falin, Charles D. Michener and Jennifer Thomas for access to the bee collection in their charge; Amy Comfort de Gonzalez, Charles D. Michener, Michael S. Engel, Laurence Packer, Lars Vilhelmsen and two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions that improved this work. This study was supported in part by National Science Foundation grant DEB-0742998 (to B.N.D and T.G). NR 66 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0307-6970 EI 1365-3113 J9 SYST ENTOMOL JI Syst. Entomol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 37 IS 2 BP 261 EP 286 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2012.00620.x PG 26 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 917KH UT WOS:000302173200003 ER PT J AU Buffington, ML Brady, SG Morita, SI Van Noort, S AF Buffington, Matthew L. Brady, Sean G. Morita, Shelah I. Van Noort, Simon TI Divergence estimates and early evolutionary history of Figitidae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea) SO SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID AUSTRALIAN THRASORINAE HYMENOPTERA; LARVAL-PUPAL PARASITOIDS; RNA SECONDARY STRUCTURE; DUNG-BREEDING DIPTERA; CALIBRATION UNCERTAINTY; WASPS HYMENOPTERA; OAK GALLWASPS; GALL WASPS; FACE FLY; HORN FLY AB We examine the phylogenetic relationships of Figitidae and discuss host use within this group in light of our own and previously published divergence time data. Our results suggest Figitidae, as currently defined, is not monophyletic. Furthermore, Mikeiinae and Pycnostigminae are sister-groups, nested adjacent to Thrasorinae, Plectocynipinae and Euceroptrinae. The recovery of Pycnostigminae as sister-group to Mikeiinae suggests two major patterns of evolution: (i) early Figitidae lineages demonstrate a Gondawanan origin (Plectocynipinae: Neotropical; Mikeiinae and Thrasorinae: Australia; Pycnostigminae: Africa); and (ii) based on host records for Mikeiinae, Thrasorinae and Plectocynipinae, Pycnostigminae are predicted to be parasitic on gall-inducing Hymenoptera. The phylogenetic position of Parnips (Parnipinae) was unstable, and various analyses were conducted to determine the impact of this uncertainty on both the recovery of other clades and inferred divergence times; when Parnips was excluded from the total evidence analysis, Cynipidae was found to be sister-group to [Euceroptrinae + (Plectocynipinae (Thrasorinae + (Mikeiinae + Pycnostigminae)))], with low support. Divergence dating analyses using BEAST indicate the stem-group node of Figitidae to be c. 126 Ma; the dipteran parasitoids (Eucoilinae and Figitinae), were estimated to have a median age of 80 and 88 Ma, respectively; the neuropteran parasitoids (Anacharitinae), were estimated to have a median age of 97 Ma; sternorrhynchan hyperparasitoids (Charipinae), were estimated to have a median age of 110 Ma; the Hymenoptera-parasitic subfamilies (Euceroptinae, Plectocynipinae, Trasorinae, Mikeiinae, Pycnostigminae, and Parnipinae), ranged in median ages from 48 to 108 Ma. Rapid radiation of Eucoilinae subclades appears chronologically synchronized with the origin of their hosts, Schizophora (Diptera). Overall, the exclusion of Parnips from the BEAST analysis did not result in significant changes to divergence estimates. Finally, though sparsely represented in the analysis, our data suggest Cynipidae have a median age of 54 Ma, which is somewhat older than the age of Quercus spp (3050 Ma), their most common host. C1 [Buffington, Matthew L.] USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Smithsonian NMNH, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Brady, Sean G.; Morita, Shelah I.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Morita, Shelah I.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Van Noort, Simon] Iziko S African Museum, Nat Hist Dept, Cape Town, South Africa. [Van Noort, Simon] Univ Cape Town, Dept Zool, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. RP Buffington, ML (reprint author), USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Smithsonian NMNH, 10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM matt.buffington@ars.usda.gov RI van Noort, Simon/C-4006-2017 OI van Noort, Simon/0000-0001-6930-9741 FU National Science Foundation [EF-0431330, DEB-0743542]; Smithsonian Institution Libraries; National Museum of Natural History Diptera Unit; Schultz lab (Smithsonian Institution); Sonja Schaeffer; Alma Solis (Systematic Entomology Lab, ARS, Washington DC) FX MB would like to thank Mark Springer (University of California, Riverside) and Jeff Thorne (North Carolina State University) for assistance and guidance in the early stages of these analyses; John LaSalle (CSIRO/Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra) for fresh samples of Mikeiinae for molecular analyses; and Sonja Scheffer, Matthew Lewis and Andy Carmichael (Systematic Entomology Lab, ARS, Beltsville, MD) for providing sequence data for the Mikeius, Myrtopsen and Pycnostigmus used in this study. SGB would like to thank the Laboratories of Analytical Biology (National Museum of Natural History) for computational resources and the National Science Foundation for research support under grants EF-0431330 and DEB-0743542. SIM would like to thank the Smithsonian Institution Libraries, the National Museum of Natural History Diptera Unit, the Schultz lab (Smithsonian Institution), Sonja Schaeffer and Alma Solis (Systematic Entomology Lab, ARS, Washington DC) for encouragement and in-kind support. John Brown and Thomas J. Henry (Systematic Entomology Lab, ARS, Washington DC), Shaun Winterton (California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, CA) and Jose-Luis Nieves-Aldrey (University of Madrid, Spain) provided constructive criticism that improved the clarity and quality of this paper. USDA is an equality opportunity employer and provider. NR 162 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0307-6970 EI 1365-3113 J9 SYST ENTOMOL JI Syst. Entomol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 37 IS 2 BP 287 EP 304 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2012.00617.x PG 18 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 917KH UT WOS:000302173200004 ER PT J AU Kimball, BA Conley, MM Lewin, KF AF Kimball, Bruce A. Conley, Matthew M. Lewin, Keith F. TI Performance and energy costs associated with scaling infrared heater arrays for warming field plots from 1 to 100 m SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CO2 ENRICHMENT FACE; ELEVATED CO2; TEMPERATURE; SYSTEM; FUMIGATION; IMPACTS; PLANTS; PURE AB To study the likely effects of global warming on open-field vegetation, hexagonal arrays of infrared heaters are currently being used for low-stature (< 1 m) plants in small (a parts per thousand currency sign3 m) plots. To address larger ecosystem scales, herein we show that excellent uniformity of the warming can be achieved using nested hexagonal and rectangular arrays. Energy costs depend on the overall efficiency (useable infrared energy on the plot per electrical energy in), which varies with the radiometric efficiency (infrared radiation out per electrical energy in) of the individual heaters and with the geometric efficiency (fraction of thermal radiation that falls on useable plot area) associated with the arrangement of the heaters in an array. Overall efficiency would be about 26% at 4 m s(-1) wind speed for a single hexagonal array over a 3-m-diameter plot and 67% for a 199-hexagon honeycomb array over a 100-m-diameter plot, thereby resulting in an economy of scale. C1 [Kimball, Bruce A.; Conley, Matthew M.] ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Lewin, Keith F.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Long Isl City, NY 11973 USA. RP Kimball, BA (reprint author), ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM Bruce.Kimball@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER); US Department of Energy Office of Science [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We appreciate the sharing of Bondeville, IL weather data by Andy VanLoocke from the Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA. This research was supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service and by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER) program and by the US Department of Energy Office of Science contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 to Brookhaven National Laboratory. USDA and DOE are equal opportunity providers and employers. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 108 IS 1-2 BP 247 EP 265 DI 10.1007/s00704-011-0518-5 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 918RI UT WOS:000302267800019 ER PT J AU Dantas, AFM Riet-Correa, F Medeiros, RMT Lopes, JR Gardner, DR Panter, K Mota, RA AF Dantas, Antonio Flavio M. Riet-Correa, Franklin Medeiros, Rosane M. T. Lopes, Jose Radmacyo Gardner, Dale R. Panter, Kip Mota, Rinaldo A. TI Embryonic death in goats caused by the ingestion of Mimosa tenuiflora SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE Embryonic death; Mimosa tenuiflora; Plant poisoning; Reproductive failure; Teratogenic plants ID VERATRUM-CALIFORNICUM; LAMBS; MALFORMATIONS; RUMINANTS; SHEEP AB To determine the teratogenic effect of Mimosa tenuiflora, the green fresh plant was administered ad libitum to 12 goats (Group 1) from day 1 to day 30 of gestation. Upon ultrasonographic examination, on day 30, not one of these goats was pregnant, demonstrating that M. tenuiflora causes embryonic death. Six goats (Group 2) ingested M. tenuiflora from day 30 to day 60 of pregnancy. Four goats delivered seven healthy kids and two were not pregnant based on ultrasonographic examination on day 45 suggesting late embryonic death. Three other groups of six goats each received the plant on days 60-90 (Group 3), 90-120 (Group 4), and 120-150 (Group 5) of gestation and a control group (Group 6) all delivered normal kids, except one goat in Group 4 that aborted and one adult goat from Group 5 that was found dead. It is concluded that M. tenuiflora causes embryonic death. The failure to induce malformations might have resulted from a high dose of an unknown active principle of the plant causing fetal death. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dantas, Antonio Flavio M.; Riet-Correa, Franklin; Medeiros, Rosane M. T.; Lopes, Jose Radmacyo] Univ Fed Campina Grande, CSTR, Vet Hosp, BR-58700310 Patos de Minas, Paraiba, Brazil. [Gardner, Dale R.; Panter, Kip] ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Mota, Rinaldo A.] Rural Fed Univ Pernambuco, Dept Vet Med, BR-52171900 Recife, PE, Brazil. RP Riet-Correa, F (reprint author), Univ Fed Campina Grande, CSTR, Vet Hosp, BR-58700310 Patos de Minas, Paraiba, Brazil. EM franklin.riet@pq.cnpq.br FU National Institute of Science and Technology for the Control of Plant poisonings INCT/CNPq [573534/2008-0] FX This work was financial supported by National Institute of Science and Technology for the Control of Plant poisonings INCT/CNPq, grant No 573534/2008-0. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD APR PY 2012 VL 59 IS 5 BP 555 EP 557 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.11.020 PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 921AW UT WOS:000302451400002 PM 22178006 ER PT J AU Drummond, F Aronstein, K Chen, J Ellis, J Evans, J Ostiguy, N Sheppard, W Spivak, M Visscher, K AF Drummond, Francis Aronstein, Kate Chen, Judy Ellis, James Evans, Jay Ostiguy, Nancy Sheppard, Walter Spivak, Marla Visscher, Kirk TI Managed Pollinator CAP Coordinated Agricultural Project The First Two Years of the Stationary Hive Project: Abiotic Site Effects SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL RESEARCH; DECLINE C1 [Drummond, Francis] Univ Maine, Sch Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Aronstein, Kate] ARS, Honey Bee Res Unit, USDA, SARC, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Ellis, James] Univ Florida, Honey Bee Res & Extens Lab, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Chen, Judy; Evans, Jay] ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ostiguy, Nancy] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sheppard, Walter] Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Spivak, Marla] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Visscher, Kirk] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Coll Nat & Agr Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Drummond, F (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD APR PY 2012 VL 152 IS 4 BP 369 EP 372 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 915BP UT WOS:000301998200020 ER PT J AU Allen, LH AF Allen, Lindsay H. TI Adequacy of family foods for complementary feeding SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Davis, ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Allen, LH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lindsay.allen@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 2012 VL 95 IS 4 BP 785 EP 786 DI 10.3945/ajcn.112.035675 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 913RF UT WOS:000301894400001 PM 22397854 ER PT J AU Hingle, M Beltran, A O'Connor, T Thompson, D Baranowski, J Baranowski, T AF Hingle, Melanie Beltran, Alicia O'Connor, Teresia Thompson, Deborah Baranowski, Janice Baranowski, Tom TI A model of goal directed vegetable parenting practices SO APPETITE LA English DT Article DE Eating behavior; Food parenting practices; Behavioral theories; Model of Goal Directed Behavior; Preschooler nutrition ID PLANNED BEHAVIOR; DIETARY-INTAKE; CHILDRENS; FRUIT; EMOTIONS; TIME AB The aim of this study was to explore factors underlying parents' motivations to use vegetable parenting practices (VPP) using the Model of Goal Directed Vegetable Parenting Practices (MGDVPP) (an adaptation of the Model of Goal Directed Behavior) as the theoretical basis for qualitative interviews. In-depth interviews with parents of 3-5-year-old children were conducted over the telephone by trained interviewers following a script. MGDVPP constructs provided the theoretical framework guiding script development. Audio-recordings were transcribed and analyzed, with themes coded independently by two interviewers. Fifteen participants completed the study. Interviews elicited information about possible predictors of motivations as they related to VPP, and themes emerged related to each of the MGDVPP constructs (attitudes, positive anticipated emotions, negative anticipated emotions, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control). Parents believed child vegetable consumption was important and associated with child health and vitality. Parents described motivations to engage in specific VPP in terms of emotional responses, influential relationships, food preferences, resources, and food preparation skills. Parents discussed specific strategies to encourage child vegetable intake. Interview data suggested parents used diverse VPP to encourage child intake and that varied factors predicted their use. Understanding these factors could inform the design of interventions to increase parents' use of parenting practices that promote long-term child consumption of vegetables. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hingle, Melanie; Beltran, Alicia; O'Connor, Teresia; Thompson, Deborah; Baranowski, Janice; Baranowski, Tom] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hingle, M (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM hinglem@u.arizona.edu OI Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222 FU Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [HD058175]; USDA/ARS [58-6250-6001] FX This research was funded a Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Training Grant HD058175, "Research Training in Maternal, Infant and Child Nutrition". This work is also a publication of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, and has been funded in part with federal funds from the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6250-6001. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of policies of the USDA nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement from the US government. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6663 J9 APPETITE JI Appetite PD APR PY 2012 VL 58 IS 2 BP 444 EP 449 DI 10.1016/j.appet.2011.12.011 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 913SX UT WOS:000301898800004 PM 22210348 ER PT J AU Weimer, PJ Stevenson, DM AF Weimer, Paul J. Stevenson, David M. TI Isolation, characterization, and quantification of Clostridium kluyveri from the bovine rumen SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Butyric acid; Caproic acid; Ethanol; Clostridium; Rumen; Silage ID CAPROIC ACID; ETHANOL; BACTERIA; FERMENTATION; ACCUMULATION; PROPANOL; ALFALFA; TIME AB A strain of Clostridium kluyveri was isolated from the bovine rumen in a medium containing ethanol as an electron donor and acetate and succinate (common products of rumen fermentation) as electron acceptors. The isolate displayed a narrow substrate range but wide temperature and pH ranges atypical of ruminal bacteria and a maximum specific growth rate near the typical liquid dilution rate of the rumen. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that C. kluyveri was widespread among bovine ruminal samples but was present at only very low levels (0.00002% to 0.0002% of bacterial 16S rRNA gene copy number). However, the species was present in much higher levels (0.26% of bacterial 16S rRNA gene copy number) in lucerne silage (but not maize silage) that comprised much of the cows' diet. While C. kluyveri may account for several observations regarding ethanol utilization and volatile fatty acid production in the rumen, its population size and growth characteristics suggest that it is not a significant contributor to ruminal metabolism in typical dairy cattle, although it may be a significant contributor to silage fermentation. The ability of unadapted cultures to produce substantial levels (12.8 g L-1) of caproic (hexanoic) acid in vitro suggests that this strain may have potential for industrial production of caproic acid. C1 [Weimer, Paul J.; Stevenson, David M.] ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Weimer, Paul J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Weimer, PJ (reprint author), ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Paul.Weimer@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service thorough CRIS [3655-31000-06-00D] FX We thank Christine Odt for technical assistance, Nancy Betzold and the USDFRC barn crew for animal handling, and Richard Muck for helpful discussions. This research was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service thorough CRIS project 3655-31000-06-00D. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 94 IS 2 BP 461 EP 466 DI 10.1007/s00253-011-3751-z PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 915NV UT WOS:000302035500015 PM 22159841 ER PT J AU Peterson, BC Booth, NJ Manning, BB AF Peterson, B. C. Booth, N. J. Manning, B. B. TI Replacement of fish meal in juvenile channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, diets using a yeast-derived protein source: the effects on weight gain, food conversion ratio, body composition and survival of catfish challenged with Edwardsiella ictaluri SO AQUACULTURE NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE channel catfish; disease; fish meal; growth; replacement; yeast ID COBIA RACHYCENTRON-CANADUM; ANIMAL PROTEIN; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; FEED INGREDIENTS; PRACTICAL DIETS; EARTHEN PONDS; SOYBEAN-MEAL; SUPPLEMENTATION; NUCLEOTIDES; RESISTANCE AB We examined the effects of a yeast-derived protein source (NuPro (R)) as a replacement for menhaden fish meal on weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), food conversion ratio (FCR), whole-body composition and disease resistance in juvenile channel catfish (9.9 +/- 0.2 g fish-1). NuPro (R) replaced fish meal at six levels (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 g kg-1 diet). Catfish were sampled for whole-body composition and then challenged with the bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri. Growth performance was negatively affected (P < 0.01) when NuPro (R) was added at 125 g kg-1 diet. The amount of whole-body fat decreased (P < 0.05) when NuPro (R) was added at 75 g kg-1 or more of the diet. Regardless of the amount of NuPro (R) added, survival after challenge with E. ictaluri was similar among treatments. Results indicate that up to 100 g kg-1 of NuPro (R) can be added without negatively affecting growth performance. The yeast-derived protein source used in this study is a sustainable protein alternative that could be used as a partial replacement for fish meal in juvenile channel catfish diets. C1 [Peterson, B. C.; Booth, N. J.] ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Manning, B. B.] Mississippi State Univ, Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Peterson, BC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM brian.peterson@ars.usda.gov FU Dr Tyler Bramble and Ginny Stephens of Alltech, Inc. FX The authors thank the assistance of Monica Wood of the USDA/ARS Catfish Genetics Research Unit for her efforts in maintaining the fish and in the disease challenge and Dr Menghe Li for his assistance with the proximate analysis. The authors thank Dr Tyler Bramble and Ginny Stephens of Alltech, Inc. for providing support for this project. Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1353-5773 J9 AQUACULT NUTR JI Aquac. Nutr. PD APR PY 2012 VL 18 IS 2 BP 132 EP 137 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2011.00878.x PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 905OD UT WOS:000301281000002 ER PT J AU Eaton, RW AF Eaton, Richard W. TI Dehydration of the off-flavor chemical 2-methylisoborneol by the R-limonene-degrading bacteria Pseudomonas sp strain 19-rlim and Sphingomonas sp strain BIR2-rlima SO BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE 2-Methylisoborneol; Dehydration; R-limonene; Pseudomonas; Sphingomonas; Biotransformation ID CHANNEL CATFISH; MUSTY ODOR; PRODUCTS; BIODEGRADATION AB The terpene 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), a major cause of off-flavor in farm-raised catfish and drinking water, is transformed by various different terpene-degrading bacteria. Two of these, the R-limonene-degrading strains Pseudomonas sp. 19-rlim and Sphingomonas sp. BIR2-rlima, dehydrated MIB with the formation of odorless metabolites 2-methylenebornane and 4-methylcamphene. These metabolites which have a structural resemblance to camphor, could be further transformed by camphor-degrading bacteria to more oxidized products. The bacterial dehydrations demonstrated here may have application in removing MIB where it is a problem. C1 [Eaton, Richard W.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Eaton, RW (reprint author), 3321 Octavia Ave, New Orleans, LA 70125 USA. EM r.eaton@cox.net NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0923-9820 J9 BIODEGRADATION JI Biodegradation PD APR PY 2012 VL 23 IS 2 BP 253 EP 261 DI 10.1007/s10532-011-9504-y PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 912JE UT WOS:000301792900006 PM 21842206 ER PT J AU Mulbry, W Reeves, JB Millner, P AF Mulbry, Walter Reeves, James B. Millner, Patricia TI Use of mid- and near-infrared spectroscopy to track degradation of bio-based eating utensils during composting SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Polylactic acid; Composting; Infrared spectroscopy; Utensil; Polypropylene ID DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; BIODEGRADABILITY AB Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) have been used for quantitative and/or qualitative analysis of a wide range of materials. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of MIRS and NIRS for following the degradation of bio-based food utensils during composting. Polylactide (PLA)-based forks lost 34% of their initial mass and were reduced to small friable fragments after 7 weeks of composting. NIRS and MIRS spectra of forks that were incubated for 7 weeks were nearly identical to spectra of untreated forks. NIRS and MIRS were more useful in following the degradation of a starch/polypropylene (PP) polymer. Spectral results demonstrated that the starch component degraded during composting and that the PP component was recalcitrant. These results confirm that MIRS and NIRS are useful in determining the composition of biobased materials. However, the spectra did not provide useful information about the extent of PLA polymer degradation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mulbry, Walter; Reeves, James B.; Millner, Patricia] ARS, USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mulbry, W (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Lab, Bldg 308 Room 113 BARC E,10,300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM walter.mulbry@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 109 BP 93 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.029 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 912OW UT WOS:000301810500014 PM 22297045 ER PT J AU Szczepanek, SM Barrette, RW Rood, D Alejo, D Silbart, LK AF Szczepanek, Steven M. Barrette, Roger W. Rood, Debra Alejo, Diana Silbart, Lawrence K. TI Xenoepitope Substitution Avoids Deceptive Imprinting and Broadens the Immune Response to Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY STRUCTURE PREDICTION; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; IMMUNODOMINANT EPITOPE; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; HUMAN RHINOVIRUS; CAPSID PROTEIN; V3 LOOP; ANTIBODIES; CELL; PROTECTION AB Many RNA viruses encode error-prone polymerases which introduce mutations into B and T cell epitopes, providing a mechanism for immunological escape. When regions of hypervariability are found within immunodominant epitopes with no known function, they are referred to as "decoy epitopes," which often deceptively imprint the host's immune response. In this work, a decoy epitope was identified in the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O VP1 G-H loop after multiple sequence alignment of 118 isolates. A series of chimeric cyclic peptides resembling the type O G-H loop were prepared, each bearing a defined "B cell xenoepitope" from another virus in place of the native decoy epitope. These sequences were derived from porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV), from HIV, or from a presumptively tolerogenic sequence from murine albumin and were subsequently used as immunogens in BALB/c mice. Cross-reactive antibody responses against all peptides were compared to a wild-type peptide and ovalbumin (OVA). A broadened antibody response was generated in animals inoculated with the PRRSV chimeric peptide, in which virus binding of serum antibodies was also observed. A B cell epitope mapping experiment did not reveal recognition of any contiguous linear epitopes, raising the possibility that the refocused response was directed to a conformational epitope. Taken together, these results indicate that xenoepitope substitution is a novel method for immune refocusing against decoy epitopes of RNA viruses such as FMDV as part of the rational design of next-generation vaccines. C1 [Szczepanek, Steven M.; Barrette, Roger W.; Rood, Debra; Alejo, Diana; Silbart, Lawrence K.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Excellence Vaccine Res, Storrs, CT USA. [Szczepanek, Steven M.; Rood, Debra; Silbart, Lawrence K.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Allied Hlth Sci, Storrs, CT USA. [Szczepanek, Steven M.; Alejo, Diana] USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Barrette, Roger W.; Alejo, Diana] Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, Storrs, CT USA. RP Silbart, LK (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Ctr Excellence Vaccine Res, Storrs, CT USA. EM Lawrence.Silbart@uconn.edu FU USDA-ARS [58-1940-5-520] FX This work was supported by USDA-ARS under cooperative agreement 58-1940-5-520 to the University of Connecticut Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 19 IS 4 BP 461 EP 467 DI 10.1128/CVI.00035-12 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 917FA UT WOS:000302156700001 PM 22323558 ER PT J AU Brockmeier, SL Loving, CL Nelson, EA Miller, LC Nicholson, TL Register, KB Grubman, MJ Brough, DE Kehrli, ME AF Brockmeier, Susan L. Loving, Crystal L. Nelson, Eric A. Miller, Laura C. Nicholson, Tracy L. Register, Karen B. Grubman, Marvin J. Brough, Douglas E. Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr. TI The Presence of Alpha Interferon at the Time of Infection Alters the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID I INTERFERON; GENE-EXPRESSION; DENDRITIC CELLS; BETA PRODUCTION; GAMMA RESPONSE; UP-REGULATION; SWINE; PRRSV; PIGS; INTERLEUKIN-10 AB Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most devastating and costly diseases to the swine industry worldwide. Overall, the adaptive immune response to PRRS virus (PRRSV) is weak, which results in delayed elimination of virus from the host and inferior vaccine protection. PRRSV has been shown to induce a meager alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) response, and we hypothesized that elevated IFN-alpha levels early in infection would shorten the induction time and increase elements of the adaptive immune response. To test this, we measured both antibody and cell-mediated immunity in pigs after the administration of a nonreplicating human adenovirus type 5 vector expressing porcine IFN-alpha (Ad5-pIFN-alpha) at the time of PRRSV infection and compared the results to those for pigs infected with PRRSV alone. Viremia was delayed, and there was a decrease in viral load in the sera of pigs administered the Ad5-pIFN-alpha. Although seroconversion was slightly delayed in pigs receiving Ad5-pIFN-alpha, probably due to the early reduction in viral replication, little difference in the overall or neutralizing antibody response was seen. However, there was an increase in the number of virus-specific IFN-gamma-secreting cells detected in the pigs receiving Ad5-pIFN-alpha, as well as an altered cytokine profile in the lung at 14 days postinfection, indicating that the presence of IFN-alpha at the time of infection can alter innate and adaptive immune responses to PRRSV. C1 [Brockmeier, Susan L.; Loving, Crystal L.; Miller, Laura C.; Nicholson, Tracy L.; Register, Karen B.; Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr.] ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Nelson, Eric A.] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Grubman, Marvin J.] ARS, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY USA. [Brough, Douglas E.] GenVec Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Brockmeier, SL (reprint author), ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. EM Susan.Brockmeier@ars.usda.gov OI Miller, Laura/0000-0002-8946-9416 NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 19 IS 4 BP 508 EP 514 DI 10.1128/CVI.05490-11 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 917FA UT WOS:000302156700006 PM 22301694 ER PT J AU Sevim, A Donzelli, BGG Wu, DL Demirbag, Z Gibson, DM Turgeon, BG AF Sevim, Ali Donzelli, Bruno G. G. Wu, Dongliang Demirbag, Zihni Gibson, Donna M. Turgeon, B. Gillian TI Hydrophobin genes of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium brunneum, are differentially expressed and corresponding mutants are decreased in virulence SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Metarhizium brunneum; Metarhizium anisopliae; Hydrophobin; Hydrophobicity; Virulence ID CHESTNUT BLIGHT FUNGUS; ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; FUSARIUM-VERTICILLIOIDES; CRYPHONECTRIA-PARASITICA; SURFACE INTERACTIONS; REGULATORY ANALYSIS; MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; BIOCONTROL AGENT; RODLET LAYER AB Hydrophobins are small, cysteine-rich, secreted proteins, ubiquitously produced by filamentous fungi that are speculated to function in fungal growth, cell surface properties, and development, although this has been rigorously tested for only a few species. Herein, we report identification of three hydrophobin genes from the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium brunneum, and functional characterization of strains lacking these genes. One gene (HYD1/ssgA) encodes a class I hydrophobin identified previously. Two new genes, HYD3 and HYD2, encode a class I and class II hydrophobin, respectively. To examine function, we deleted all three separately, from the M. brunneum strain KTU-60 genome, using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Deletion strains were screened for alterations in developmental phenotypes including growth, sporulation, pigmentation, colony surface properties, and virulence to insects. All deletion strains were reduced in their ability to sporulate and showed alterations in wild-type pigmentation, but all retained wild-type hydrophobicity, except for one individual hyd3 mutant. Complementation with the wild-type HYD3 gene restored hydrophobicity. Each gene, present as a single copy in the genome, showed differential expression patterns dependent on the developmental stage of the fungus. When Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) larvae were treated with either conidia or blastospores of each hyd mutant, reductions in virulence and delayed mortality were observed as compared to WT. Together, these results suggest that hydrophobins are differentially expressed and may have distinct, but compensating roles, in conidiation, pigmentation, hydrophobicity, and virulence. C1 [Sevim, Ali; Donzelli, Bruno G. G.; Wu, Dongliang; Turgeon, B. Gillian] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Sevim, Ali] Rize Univ, Dept Biol, Fac Arts & Sci, Rize, Turkey. [Sevim, Ali; Demirbag, Zihni] Karadeniz Tech Univ, Dept Biol, Fac Sci, Trabzon, Turkey. [Gibson, Donna M.] ARS, Biol Integrated Pest Management Res Unit, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Turgeon, BG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, 344 Plant Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM bgt1@cornell.edu RI Demirbag, Zihni/E-3860-2015 OI Demirbag, Zihni/0000-0001-5487-1977 FU Council of Higher Education of Turkey (YOK) FX A. Sevim was supported by the Council of Higher Education of Turkey (YOK) and performed the majority of the research in the Turgeon laboratory at Cornell. We thank Dr. Chengshu Wang (Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China) for providing the HYD3 gene sequence. We also thank Dr. Richard Humber (Biological Integrated Pest Management Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA) for help in assessing some morphological characters of the WT and mutant strains, and J. Bischoff (USDA, APHIS, Beltsville, MD) for molecular identification of KTU-60 as M. brunneum. NR 70 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0172-8083 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PD APR PY 2012 VL 58 IS 2 BP 79 EP 92 DI 10.1007/s00294-012-0366-6 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 915YU UT WOS:000302064400002 PM 22388867 ER PT J AU Donzelli, BGG Krasnoff, SB Sun-Moon, Y Churchill, ACL Gibson, DM AF Donzelli, Bruno Giuliano Garisto Krasnoff, Stuart B. Sun-Moon, Yong Churchill, Alice C. L. Gibson, Donna M. TI Genetic basis of destruxin production in the entomopathogen Metarhizium robertsii SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Metarhizium robertsii; Destruxins; NRPS; Secondary metabolism ID NONRIBOSOMAL PEPTIDE SYNTHETASES; FUNGUS BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; SECONDARY METABOLISM; SPODOPTERA-LITURA; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; ADENYLATION DOMAINS; ANISOPLIAE REVEALS; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; VIRULENCE FACTOR AB Destruxins are among the most exhaustively researched secondary metabolites of entomopathogenic fungi, yet definitive evidence for their roles in pathogenicity and virulence has yet to be shown. To establish the genetic bases for the biosynthesis of this family of depsipeptides, we identified a 23,792-bp gene in Metarhizium robertsii ARSEF 2575 containing six complete nonribosomal peptide synthetase modules, with an N-methyltransferase domain in each of the last two modules. This domain arrangement is consistent with the positioning of the adjacent amino acids N-methyl-l-valine and N-methyl-l-alanine within the depsipeptide structure of destruxin. DXS expression levels in vitro and in vivo exhibited comparable patterns, beginning at low levels during the early growth phases and increasing with time. Targeted gene knockout using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation produced mutants that failed to synthesize destruxins, in comparison with wild type and ectopic control strains, indicating the involvement of this gene in destruxin biosynthesis. The destruxin synthetase (DXS) disruption mutant was as virulent as the control strain when conidial inoculum was topically applied to larvae of Spodoptera exigua, Galleria mellonella, and Tenebrio molitor indicating that destruxins are dispensable for virulence in these insect hosts. The DXS mutants exhibited no other detectable changes in morphology and development. C1 [Donzelli, Bruno Giuliano Garisto; Krasnoff, Stuart B.; Gibson, Donna M.] USDA ARS, Biol Integrated Pest Management Res Unit, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Sun-Moon, Yong] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Churchill, Alice C. L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Donzelli, BGG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Integrated Pest Management Res Unit, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, 538 Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM bdd1@cornell.edu FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2002-35316-12207, 2005-35607-15283]; USDA FX We thank Andy M. Bailey (University of Bristol, UK) for generously providing the sequences of several unpublished NRPS fragments from M. robertsii, one of which was used for closing a sequencing gap during the initial cloning of the DXS gene. This project was supported in part by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant numbers 2002-35316-12207 (awarded to D. M. Gibson, A.C.L. Churchill, and J.D. Vandenberg) and 2005-35607-15283 (awarded to A.C.L. Churchill, D.M. Gibson, and J.D. Vandenberg), and by the USDA Postdoctoral Associate Program (awarded to D.M. Gibson). While this manuscript was under review we became aware that the article entitled "Unveiling the biosynthetic puzzle of destruxins in Metarhizium species'' by Bing Wang, Qianjin Kanf, Linguan Bai, and Chengshu Wang had been published in PNAS vol. 109 no. 4. The findings described in this paper and in our work are in part overlapping. An early summary of this work was presented at the 26th Fungal Genetics Conference at Asilomar March 15-20, 2011, poster #607. NR 64 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0172-8083 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PD APR PY 2012 VL 58 IS 2 BP 105 EP 116 DI 10.1007/s00294-012-0368-4 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 915YU UT WOS:000302064400004 ER PT J AU He, HQ Genovese, KJ Swaggerty, CL MacKinnon, KM Kogut, MH AF He, Haiqi Genovese, Kenneth J. Swaggerty, Christina L. MacKinnon, Kathryn M. Kogut, Michael H. TI Co-stimulation with TLR3 and TLR21 ligands synergistically up-regulates Th1-cytokine IFN-gamma and regulatory cytokine IL-10 expression in chicken monocytes SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CpG-ODN; Double-stranded RNA; Toll-like receptor synergy; Th1/Th2 cytokines; Chicken monocytes ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD MONOCYTES; MYELOID DENDRITIC CELLS; NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; CPG OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; INTERFERON-GAMMA; INNATE IMMUNITY; SIGNALING PATHWAYS AB Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system for various conserved pathogen-associated molecular motifs. Chicken TLFt3 and TLR21 (avian equivalent to mammalian TLR9) recognize poly I:C (double-stranded RNA) and CpG-ODN (a CpG-motif containing oligodeoxydinu-cleotide), respectively. Interaction between TLR3 and TLR21 agonists poly I:C and CpG-ODN has been reported to synergize in expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and the production of nitric oxide in chicken monocytes. However, the interaction between poly I:C and CpG-ODN on the expression of interferons (IFNs) and Th1/Th2 cytokines remains unknown. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the interaction between poly I:C and CpG-ODN on the mRNA expression levels of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, Th1 cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-12, Th2 cytokine IL-4, and regulatory IL-10 in chicken monocytes. When stimulated with either agonist alone, CpG-ODN significantly up-regulated the expression of INF-gamma, IL-10, and IL-12p40, but not IFN-alpha and IFN-beta; whereas poly I:C induced the expression of INF-gamma, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, and IL-10; but not IL-12p40. However, stimulation with a combinatory CpG-ODN and poly I:C further synergistically increased the expression of IFN-gamma and IL-10 mRNA. Our results provide strong evidence supporting the critical role of TLR3 and TLR21 in avian innate immunity against both viral and bacterial infections; and the synergistic interaction between the TLR3 and TLR21 pathways produces a stronger Th1-biased immune response in chicken monocytes. Our result also suggest a potential use of poly I:C and CpG-ODN together as a more efficient adjuvant for poultry vaccine development. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [He, Haiqi; Genovese, Kenneth J.; Swaggerty, Christina L.; Kogut, Michael H.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [MacKinnon, Kathryn M.] Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP He, HQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM haiqi.he@ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 36 IS 4 BP 756 EP 760 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2011.11.006 PG 5 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 918UW UT WOS:000302277700014 PM 22120532 ER PT J AU Rattner, BA Horak, KE Lazarus, RS Eisenreich, KM Meteyer, CU Volker, SF Campton, CM Eisemann, JD Johnston, JJ AF Rattner, Barnett A. Horak, Katherine E. Lazarus, Rebecca S. Eisenreich, Karen M. Meteyer, Carol U. Volker, Steven F. Campton, Christopher M. Eisemann, John D. Johnston, John J. TI Assessment of toxicity and potential risk of the anticoagulant rodenticide diphacinone using Eastern screech-owls (Megascops asio) SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rodenticides; Birds; Clotting time; Diphacinone; Secondary poisoning ID NEW-ZEALAND; BARN OWLS; RAT ERADICATION; NEW-YORK; BRODIFACOUM; BIRDS; WILDLIFE; FLOCOUMAFEN; KESTRELS; EXPOSURE AB In the United States, new regulatory restrictions have been placed on the use of some second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides. This action may be offset by expanded use of first-generation compounds (e.g., diphacinone; DPN). Single-day acute oral exposure of adult Eastern screech-owls (Megascops asio) to DPN evoked overt signs of intoxication, coagulopathy, histopathological lesions (e.g., hemorrhage, hepatocellular vacuolation), and/or lethality at doses as low as 130 mg/kg body weight, although there was no dose-response relation. However, this single-day exposure protocol does not mimic the multiple-day field exposures required to cause mortality in rodent pest species and non-target birds and mammals. In 7-day feeding trials, similar toxic effects were observed in owls fed diets containing 2.15, 9.55 or 22.6 ppm DPN, but at a small fraction (< 5%) of the acute oral dose. In the dietary trial, the average lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level for prolonged clotting time was 1.68 mg DPN/kg owl/week (0.24 mg/kg owl/day; 0.049 mg/owl/day) and the lowest lethal dose was 5.75 mg DPN/kg owl/week (0.82 mg/kg owl/day). In this feeding trial, DPN concentration in liver ranged from 0.473 to 2.21 mu g/g wet weight, and was directly related to the daily and cumulative dose consumed by each owl. A probabilistic risk assessment indicated that daily exposure to as little as 3-5 g of liver from DPN-poisoned rodents for 7 days could result in prolonged clotting time in the endangered Hawaiian short-eared owl (Asio flammeus sandwichensis) and Hawaiian hawk (Buteo solitarius), and daily exposure to greater quantities (9-13 g of liver) could result in low-level mortality. These findings can assist natural resource managers in weighing the costs and benefits of anticoagulant rodenticide use in pest control and eradication programs. C1 [Rattner, Barnett A.; Lazarus, Rebecca S.; Eisenreich, Karen M.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Horak, Katherine E.; Volker, Steven F.; Campton, Christopher M.; Eisemann, John D.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Meteyer, Carol U.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 54603 USA. [Johnston, John J.] Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Rattner, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM brattner@usgs.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture; U.S. Geological Survey; California Department of Food and Agriculture Vertebrate Pest Control Research Advisory Committee [07-0832] FX The authors wish to thank Wayne C. Bauer and Mary E. Maxey of the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center for animal care, Dr. Natalie Karouna-Renier of Patuxent for assistance with sexing owls, Dr. Marjory B. Brooks of the Comparative Coagulation Laboratory, Animal Health Diagnostic Center of Cornell University for guidance on the development of clotting assays, and Drs. Gary H. Heinz and Nimish B. Vyas for reviewing a draft of this manuscript. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Geological Survey and a grant from the California Department of Food and Agriculture Vertebrate Pest Control Research Advisory Committee ( agreement 07-0832). Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 62 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD APR PY 2012 VL 21 IS 3 BP 832 EP 846 DI 10.1007/s10646-011-0844-5 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 915ZE UT WOS:000302065400020 PM 22227859 ER PT J AU Zheng, YJ Shi, JL Pan, ZL AF Zheng, Yongju Shi, Junling Pan, Zhongli TI Biochemical characteristics and thermal inhibition kinetics of polyphenol oxidase extracted from Thompson seedless grape SO EUROPEAN FOOD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Vitis vinifera; Thompson seedless; Polyphenol oxidase; Biochemical characteristics; Thermal inhibition kinetic ID PARTIAL-PURIFICATION; DRYING KINETICS; L.; INACTIVATION; BINDING; APPLES; PEARS; ACID AB Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was isolated from Thompson seedless grape (Vitis vinifera 'Thompson Seedless'), and its biochemical characteristics were studied. The PPO showed activity to catechol and D, L-DOPA, but not towards monophenol l-Tyrosine, diphenols guaiacol and caffeic acid, and triphenols pyrogallic acid and gallic acid. Apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K (m)) and maximum velocity of the reaction (V (max)) values were 45.0 +/- A 0.05 mM and 500.0 +/- A 15.3 OD400 nm/min for catechol, and 34.6 +/- A 0.03 mM and 384.6 +/- A 11.7 OD478 nm/min for D, L-DOPA, respectively. The obtained similar specificity values of V (max)/K (m) ratio of catechol and D, L-DOPA indicated their similar affinity to Thompson seedless PPO. The most effective inhibitor was l-cysteine, followed in decreasing order by ascorbic acid, sodium metabisulfite, EDTA, NaCl, and citric acid. It was discovered that metal ions of Mg2+ and Cu2+ increased, while Zn2+ and K+ reduced the PPO activity. Sugars showed inhibition on the PPO activity, with higher effect by sucrose and lower effect by fructose and glucose. Optimum pH and temperature for grape PPO activity were 6.0 and 25 A degrees C with 10 mM catechol as substrate. The enzyme was heat stable between 10 and 25 A degrees C, but showed significant activity loss at temperatures higher than 40 A degrees C and completely inactivation at 70 A degrees C for 10 min. Thermal inactivation of PPO showed a first-order kinetic with an activation energy (E (a)) of 146.1 +/- A 10.8 kJ/mol at pH 6.0. C1 [Zheng, Yongju; Shi, Junling] NW A&F Univ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Pan, Zhongli] ARS, Proc Foods Res Unit, USDA, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Pan, Zhongli] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Shi, JL (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM sjlshi2004@yahoo.com.cn FU Agriculture Department of China [nycytx-30, 201003021] FX The authors acknowledge financial support from the Agriculture Department of China through project numbers of nycytx-30 and 201003021. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 60 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1438-2377 EI 1438-2385 J9 EUR FOOD RES TECHNOL JI Eur. Food Res. Technol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 234 IS 4 BP 607 EP 616 DI 10.1007/s00217-012-1664-4 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 910LL UT WOS:000301638500005 ER PT J AU Davey, RB Pound, JM Klavons, JA Lohmeyer, KH Freeman, JM Olafson, PU AF Davey, Ronald B. Pound, J. Mathews Klavons, Jerome A. Lohmeyer, Kimberly H. Freeman, Jeanne M. Olafson, Pia U. TI Analysis of doramectin in the serum of repeatedly treated pastured cattle used to predict the probability of cattle fever ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) feeding to repletion SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Doramectin; Cattle fever tick; Endectocide; Tick survival potential; Serum analysis ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS ACARI; SOUTH-TEXAS; IVERMECTIN; ANNULATUS AB Analysis of doramectin concentration in blood serum of pastured cattle injected repeatedly (12 treatments) at two different dosage rates and 28-day intervals throughout the year was used to predict the probability that cattle fever ticks could successfully feed to repletion during the interval between any two consecutive treatments. Treatment at similar to 270 mu g/kg indicated that serum doramectin concentration dropped below the baseline concentration estimated for tick survival (8 ppb) in 7 of the 12 treatments. However, the longest period between any two treatments during which the doramectin concentration remained below the 8 ppb baseline level for successful tick feeding was 15 days, making it virtually impossible for any ticks to reach ovipositional status prior to a subsequent treatment. At a dosage rate of similar to 540 mu g/kg, the concentration dropped below the baseline tick survival level (8 ppb) only once, following the initial treatment, and the duration during which the concentration remained below the baseline level prior to the subsequent treatment was only 6 days. Thus, at the high dosage rate results indicated, with absolute certainty, that no ticks could successfully feed to repletion between any two consecutive treatments. Based on the data obtained in the study it was concluded that analysis of doramectin concentration in serum of treated animals would be a reliable predictor for assessing the probability that ticks could successfully develop to repletion. More importantly, results demonstrated that the trial policy, instituted by the Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program, of repeatedly treating cattle with doramectin injections at 25-28 day intervals for eliminating cattle fever ticks would produce little or no risk of any viable ticks developing to repletion and re-infesting the field between treatment applications. C1 [Davey, Ronald B.] ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, USDA, SPA, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. [Pound, J. Mathews; Klavons, Jerome A.; Lohmeyer, Kimberly H.; Freeman, Jeanne M.; Olafson, Pia U.] ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, USDA, SPA, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Davey, RB (reprint author), ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, USDA, SPA, 22675 N Moorefield Rd,Bldg 6419, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. EM Ronald.Davey@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 56 IS 4 BP 365 EP 374 DI 10.1007/s10493-012-9525-1 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 915ZO UT WOS:000302066400010 PM 22349982 ER PT J AU Pridgeon, JW Yeh, HY Shoemaker, CA Mu, XJ Klesius, PH AF Pridgeon, Julia W. Yeh, Hung-Yueh Shoemaker, Craig A. Mu, Xingjiang Klesius, Phillip H. TI Global gene expression in channel catfish after vaccination with an attenuated Edwardsiella ictaluri SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ictalurus punctatus; Microarray; Edwardsiella ictaluri; Vaccination; Transcriptome ID ENTERIC SEPTICEMIA; PUNCTATUS RAFINESQUE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; IDENTIFICATION; RESISTANCE; BACTERIA; NORMALIZATION; MACROPHAGES; ACTIVATION; REGULATOR AB To understand the global gene expression in channel catfish after immersion vaccination with an attenuated Edwardsiella ictaluri (AquaVac-ESC (TM)), microarray analysis of 65,182 UniGene transcripts was performed. With a filter of false-discovery rate less than 0.05 and fold change greater than 2, a total of 52 unique transcripts were found to be upregulated in vaccinated fish at 48 h post vaccination, whereas a total of 129 were downregulated. The 52 upregulated transcripts represent genes with putative functions in the following seven major categories: (1) hypothetical (25%); (2) novel (23%); (3) immune response (17%); (4) signal transduction (15%); (5) cell structure (8%); (6) metabolism (4%); and (7) others (8%). The 129 downregulated transcripts represent genes with putative functions in the following ten major categories: (1) novel (25%); (2) immune response (23%); (3) hypothetical (12%); (4) metabolism (10%); (5) signal transduction (7%); (6) protein synthesis (6.2%); (7) cell structure (5%); (8) apoptosis (3%); (9) transcription/translation (2%); and (10) others (6%). Microarray analysis revealed that apolipoprotein A-I was upregulated the most (8.5 fold, P = 0.011) at 48 h post vaccination whereas a novel protein (accession no. 01995854) was downregulated the most (342 fold, P = 0.001). Differential regulation of several randomly selected transcripts in vaccinated fish was also validated by quantitative PCR. Our results suggest that these differentially regulated genes elicited by the vaccination might play important roles in the protection of channel catfish against E. ictaluri. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pridgeon, Julia W.; Yeh, Hung-Yueh; Shoemaker, Craig A.; Mu, Xingjiang; Klesius, Phillip H.] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Pridgeon, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM Julia.Pridgeon@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/ARS CRIS [6420-32000-024-00D] FX We thank Drs. Dehai Xu (USDA-ARS) and Victor Panangala (USDA collaborator) for critical reviews of the manuscript. We thank Dr. Brian Scheffler and Fanny Liu (USDA-ARS Catfish Genetics Research Unit) for their excellent sequencing work. We thank Dorothy Moseley, Paige Mumma, and Beth Peterman, (USDA-ARS) for their excellent technical support. We also thank the management team of the Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit for daily care and management of the fish. This study was supported by the USDA/ARS CRIS project #6420-32000-024-00D. The use of trade, firm, or corporate names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 32 IS 4 BP 524 EP 533 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.12.013 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 912UO UT WOS:000301827100003 PM 22245589 ER PT J AU Bickhart, DM Hou, YL Schroeder, SG Alkan, C Cardone, MF Matukumalli, LK Song, JZ Schnabe, RD Ventura, M Taylor, JF Garcia, JF Van Tasse, CP Sonstegard, TS Eichler, EE Liu, GE AF Bickhart, Derek M. Hou, Yali Schroeder, Steven G. Alkan, Can Cardone, Maria Francesca Matukumalli, Lakshmi K. Song, Jiuzhou Schnabe, Robert D. Ventura, Mario Taylor, Jeremy F. Garcia, Jose Fernando Van Tasse, Curtis P. Sonstegard, Tad S. Eichler, Evan E. Liu, George E. TI Copy number variation of individual cattle genomes using next-generation sequencing SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEGMENTAL DUPLICATIONS; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE; STRUCTURAL VARIATION; COMMON VARIANTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; MOUSE GENOME; ASIP GENE; POLYMORPHISMS; MAP; EVOLUTION AB Copy number variations (CNVs) affect a wide range of phenotypic traits; however, CNVs in or near segmental duplication regions are often intractable. Using a read depth approach based on next-generation sequencing, we examined genome-wide copy number differences among five taurine (three Angus, one Holstein, and one Hereford) and one indicine (Nelore) cattle. Within mapped chromosomal sequence, we identified 1265 CNV regions comprising similar to 55.6-Mbp sequence-476 of which (similar to 38%) have not previously been reported. We validated this sequence-based CNV call set with array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), quantitative PCR (qPCR), and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), achieving a validation rate of 82% and a false positive rate of 8%. We further estimated absolute copy numbers for genomic segments and annotated genes in each individual. Surveys of the top 25 most variable genes revealed that the Nelore individual had the lowest copy numbers in 13 cases (similar to 52%, chi(2) test; P-value <0.05). In contrast, genes related to pathogen- and parasite-resistance, such as CATHL4 and ULBP17, were highly duplicated in the Nelore individual relative to the taurine cattle, while genes involved in lipid transport and metabolism, including APOL3 and FABP2, were highly duplicated in the beef breeds. These CNV regions also harbor genes like BPIFA2A (BSP30A) and WC1, suggesting that some CNVs may be associated with breed-specific differences in adaptation, health, and production traits. By providing the first individualized cattle CNV and segmental duplication maps and genome-wide gene copy number estimates, we enable future CNV studies into highly duplicated regions in the cattle genome. C1 [Bickhart, Derek M.; Hou, Yali; Schroeder, Steven G.; Matukumalli, Lakshmi K.; Van Tasse, Curtis P.; Sonstegard, Tad S.; Liu, George E.] ARS, USDA, ANRI, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hou, Yali; Song, Jiuzhou] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Alkan, Can; Ventura, Mario; Eichler, Evan E.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cardone, Maria Francesca; Ventura, Mario] Univ Bari, Dept Genet & Microbiol, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Schnabe, Robert D.; Taylor, Jeremy F.] Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Garcia, Jose Fernando] UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Aracatuba, SP, Brazil. [Eichler, Evan E.] Univ Washington, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Liu, GE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ANRI, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM George.Liu@ars.usda.gov RI Alkan, Can/D-2982-2009; Ventura, Mario/E-6420-2011; Cardone, Maria Francesca/G-8818-2012; OI Alkan, Can/0000-0002-5443-0706; Ventura, Mario/0000-0001-7762-8777; Cardone, Maria Francesca/0000-0002-7597-7313; Schnabel, Robert/0000-0001-5018-7641; Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087; Schroeder, Steven/0000-0001-9103-5150; Bickhart, Derek/0000-0003-2223-9285 FU NIH [GM058815, HG002385]; Agriculture and Food Research Initiative from USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2009-65205-05635]; NRI/AFRI from NIFA [2007-35205-17869, 2011-67015-30183]; USDA-ARS [1265-31000-098-00] FX We thank members of the Illumina Bovine HD SNP Consortium for sharing their samples. We also thank T. Brown, R. Anderson, and A. Dimtchev for technical assistance. E.E.E. is supported by NIH grants GM058815, HG002385 and is an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. J.F.T. and C.P.V.T. were supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative competitive grant no. 2009-65205-05635 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Animal Genome Program. G.E.L. was supported by NRI/AFRI grants nos. 2007-35205-17869 and 2011-67015-30183 from the USDA CSREES (now NIFA) and Project 1265-31000-098-00 from USDA-ARS. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 86 TC 89 Z9 95 U1 3 U2 38 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 22 IS 4 BP 778 EP 790 DI 10.1101/gr.133967.111 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 917UJ UT WOS:000302203800018 PM 22300768 ER PT J AU Sharma, VK Sacco, RE Kunkle, RA Bearson, SMD Palmquist, DE AF Sharma, V. K. Sacco, R. E. Kunkle, R. A. Bearson, S. M. D. Palmquist, D. E. TI Correlating Levels of Type III Secretion and Secreted Proteins with Fecal Shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Cattle SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID O157-H7 REQUIRES INTIMIN; PATHOGENICITY ISLAND; EXTRACELLULAR PROTEINS; CONTROLS EXPRESSION; VIRULENCE FACTORS; TERMINAL RECTUM; INFANT RABBITS; HEP-2 CELLS; COLONIZATION; LOCUS AB The locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (O157) encodes a type III secretion system (T3SS) for secreting LEE-encoded and non-LEE-encoded virulence proteins that promote the adherence of O157 to intestinal epithelial cells and the persistence of this food-borne human pathogen in bovine intestines. In this study, we compared hha sepB and hha mutants of O157 for LEE transcription, T3SS activity, adherence to HEp-2 cells, persistence in bovine intestines, and the ability to induce changes in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. LEE transcription was upregulated in the hha sepB and hha mutant strains compared to that in the wild-type strain, but the secretion of virulence proteins in the hha sepB mutant was severely compromised. This reduced secretion resulted in reduced adherence of the hha sepB mutant to Hep-2 cells, correlating with a significantly shorter duration and lower magnitude of fecal shedding in feces of weaned (n = 4 per group) calves inoculated with this mutant strain. The levels of LEE transcription, T3SS activity, and adherence to HEp-2 cells were much lower in the wild-type strain than in the hha mutant, but no significant differences were observed in the duration or the magnitude of fecal shedding in calves inoculated with these strains. Examination of the rectoanal junction (RAJ) tissues from three groups of calves showed no adherent O157 bacteria and similar proinflammatory cytokine gene expression, irrespective of the inoculated strain, with the exception that interleukin-1 beta was upregulated in calves inoculated with the hha sepB mutant. These results indicate that the T3SS is essential for intestinal colonization and prolonged shedding, but increased secretion of virulence proteins did not enhance the duration and magnitude of fecal shedding of O157 in cattle or have any significant impact on the cytokine gene expression in RAJ tissue compared with that in small intestinal tissue from the same calves. C1 [Sharma, V. K.; Bearson, S. M. D.] USDA ARS, Food Safety & Enter Pathogens Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. [Sacco, R. E.] USDA ARS, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. [Kunkle, R. A.] USDA ARS, Viral & Prion Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. [Palmquist, D. E.] USDA ARS, Peoria, IL USA. RP Sharma, VK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Safety & Enter Pathogens Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. EM vijay.sharma@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 2012 VL 80 IS 4 BP 1333 EP 1342 DI 10.1128/IAI.05869-11 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 914EL UT WOS:000301931900004 PM 22252878 ER PT J AU Chang, CL Follett, P AF Chang, Chiou Ling Follett, Peter TI Resveratrol modifies tephritid fruit fly response to radiation but not nutritional stress SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Resveratrol; radiation; Bactrocera dorsalis; Bactrocera cucurbitae; stress ID LIQUID LARVAL DIET; LIFE-SPAN; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MELON FLY; DIPTERA; IDENTIFICATION; INTERVENTIONS; RESTRICTION; FLIES AB Purpose : Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenol compound found in many plants and fruits that has antioxidant and radioprotective properties. Two model invertebrates, Bactrocera dorsalis (oriental fruit fly) and B. cucurbitae (melon fly) (Diptera: Tephritidae), were studied to determine if the addition of resveratrol to an artificial diet could modify their response to radiation and nutritional stress. Materials and methods : Resveratrol at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, or 200 mu M of was incorporated into a liquid larval fruit fly diet. Third instars were treated with: (i) A radiation dose of 30 Gy (radiation stress), (ii) a wheat germ oil-deficient diet (nutritional stress), or (iii) left untreated as a control. Results : The addition of resveratrol to the diet partially mitigated the adverse effects of radiation on several life history parameters. In B. cucurbitae, a significantly higher 49-53% of adults could fly when 50-200 mu M resveratrol was added to the diet compared with 32% in irradiated flies reared without resveratrol. B. cucurbitae egg hatch in irradiated insects improved significantly from 46 to 66% with the addition of 50 mu M resveratrol. In irradiated B. dorsalis, adult emergence was significantly improved from 12 to 29% with the addition of 100 mu M resveratrol. Resveratrol did not mediate any of the negative effects of a wheat germ oil-deficient diet in either species. Conclusion : Resveratrol has potential as a means to partially mitigate the adverse effects of radiation treatment under the conditions tested. This study is the first to show that resveratrol can have radioprotective effects in invertebrates. C1 [Chang, Chiou Ling; Follett, Peter] ARS, USDA, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Chang, CL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, 64 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM stella.chang@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0955-3002 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 88 IS 4 BP 320 EP 326 DI 10.3109/09553002.2012.647234 PG 7 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 917HH UT WOS:000302163000004 PM 22145646 ER PT J AU Bebak, JA Evans, JJ Weber, EPS Wolf, JC AF Bebak, Julie A. Evans, Joyce J. Weber, E. P. Scott, III Wolf, Jeffrey C. TI Pathology in Practice SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID SCHWANNOMA; GOLDFISH; TUMORS C1 [Bebak, Julie A.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. [Evans, Joyce J.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Chestertown, MD 21260 USA. [Weber, E. P. Scott, III] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wolf, Jeffrey C.] Expt Pathol Labs Inc, Sterling, VA 20166 USA. RP Bebak, JA (reprint author), POB 24, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. EM jbebakwilliams@gmail.com OI Weber III, E. Scott/0000-0003-2944-8055 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD APR 1 PY 2012 VL 240 IS 7 BP 827 EP 829 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 917VC UT WOS:000302205700016 PM 22443435 ER PT J AU Kyle, JL Cummings, CA Parker, CT Quinones, B Vatta, P Newton, E Huynh, S Swimley, M Degoricija, L Barker, M Fontanoz, S Nguyen, K Patel, R Fang, RX Tebbs, R Petrauskene, O Furtado, M Mandrell, RE AF Kyle, Jennifer L. Cummings, Craig A. Parker, Craig T. Quinones, Beatriz Vatta, Paolo Newton, Elizabeth Huynh, Steven Swimley, Michelle Degoricija, Lovorka Barker, Melissa Fontanoz, Samar Nguyen, Kimberly Patel, Ronak Fang, Rixun Tebbs, Robert Petrauskene, Olga Furtado, Manohar Mandrell, Robert E. TI Escherichia coli Serotype O55:H7 Diversity Supports Parallel Acquisition of Bacteriophage at Shiga Toxin Phage Insertion Sites during Evolution of the O157:H7 Lineage SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; TANDEM-REPEAT ANALYSIS; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; VARIABLE-NUMBER; ENCODING BACTERIOPHAGES; ENTEROCYTE EFFACEMENT; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; CLONAL LINEAGES AB Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) continues to be a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in children around the world. Two EPEC genomes have been fully sequenced:those of EPEC O127:H6 strain E2348/69 (United Kingdom, 1969) and EPEC O55:H7 strain CB9615 (Germany, 2003). The O55:H7 serotype is a recent precursor to the virulent enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7. To explore the diversity of O55:H7 and better understand the clonal evolution of O157:H7, we fully sequenced EPEC O55:H7 strain RM12579 (California, 1974), which was collected 1 year before the first U.S. isolate of O157:H7 was identified in California. Phage-related sequences accounted for nearly all differences between the two O55:H7 strains. Additionally, O55:H7 and O157:H7 strains were tested for the presence and insertion sites of Shiga toxin gene (stx)-containing bacteriophages. Analysis of non-phage-associated genes supported core elements of previous O157:H7 stepwise evolutionary models, whereas phage composition and insertion analyses suggested a key refinement. Specifically, the placement and presence of lambda-like bacteriophages (including those containing stx) should not be considered stable evolutionary markers or be required in placing O55:H7 and O157:H7 strains within the stepwise evolutionary models. Additionally, we suggest that a 10.9-kb region (block 172) previously believed unique to O55:H7 strains can be used to identify early O157:H7 strains. Finally, we defined two subsets of O55:H7 strains that share an as-yet-unobserved or extinct common ancestor with O157:H7 strains. Exploration of O55:H7 diversity improved our understanding of the evolution of E. coli O157:H7 and suggested a key revision to accommodate existing and future configurations of stx-containing bacteriophages into current models. C1 [Kyle, Jennifer L.; Parker, Craig T.; Quinones, Beatriz; Huynh, Steven; Swimley, Michelle; Fontanoz, Samar; Nguyen, Kimberly; Patel, Ronak; Mandrell, Robert E.] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. [Cummings, Craig A.; Vatta, Paolo; Newton, Elizabeth; Degoricija, Lovorka; Barker, Melissa; Fang, Rixun; Tebbs, Robert; Petrauskene, Olga; Furtado, Manohar] Life Technol, Foster City, CA USA. RP Parker, CT (reprint author), ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. EM craig.parker@ars.usda.gov FU Cooperative Research and Development Agreement from Life Technologies [091-5325-417]; National Research Initiative from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2006-55212-16927, 2007-35212-18239]; USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS [5325-42000-045]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN272200900007C] FX This project was supported by a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement from Life Technologies (091-5325-417). This project was supported partially by National Research Initiative competitive grants 2006-55212-16927 and 2007-35212-18239 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture and USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS project 5325-42000-045. The E. coli DEC5A, -5B, -5C, -5D, and -5E genome sequences were generated by the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute for Genome Sciences Genome Sequencing Center for Infectious Diseases (GSCID), under contract from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services (contract number HHSN272200900007C). NR 77 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 194 IS 8 BP 1885 EP 1896 DI 10.1128/JB.00120-12 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 917MC UT WOS:000302180200005 PM 22328665 ER PT J AU Greenfield, MD Danka, RG Gleason, JM Harris, BR Zhou, Y AF Greenfield, M. D. Danka, R. G. Gleason, J. M. Harris, B. R. Zhou, Y. TI Genotype x environment interaction, environmental heterogeneity and the lek paradox SO JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acoustic communication; ecological crossover; female preference; mate choice; phenotypic plasticity; reaction norm; signal evolution ID ACHROIA-GRISELLA LEPIDOPTERA; CONDITION-DEPENDENT TRAITS; SEXUALLY SELECTED TRAITS; GENETIC VARIANCE; MATE-CHOICE; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; FEMALE CHOICE; WAX MOTHS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; FLUCTUATING ENVIRONMENT AB Substantial additive genetic variance (VA) often exists for male signalling traits in spite of the directional selection that female choice imposes. One solution to this problem, a conundrum generally termed the lek paradox, is that genotype environment interaction (GEI) occurs and generates a crossover of reaction norms in which no one genotype performs in a superior manner in all environments. Theoretical work indicates that such crossover can sustain genetic variance provided that either (i) spatial heterogeneity in environmental conditions combined with limited migration among populations or (ii) temporal heterogeneity in environmental conditions combined with occasional generation overlap is present. Whereas some recent studies have revealed the intersection of reaction norms for sexually selected traits in laboratory and in natural populations, associated information on environmental heterogeneity, migration and generation overlap has not been investigated. We studied this question in an acoustic pyralid moth, Achroia grisella, in which previous work indicated GEI and crossover of reaction norms for several parameters of the male song evaluated by females. We measured reaction norms for male song as expressed when development was completed under different environmental conditions in four neighbouring, yet isolated, populations during 1 year and in one of these populations during consecutive years. Crossover occurred for the various song parameters in the several populations, but we did not observe a higher incidence of crossover between genotypes taken from two different populations than from the same population. However, for several key song parameters, crossover between genotypes taken from two different years was higher than that between genotypes from the same year. We suggest that temporal heterogeneity in the form of varying selection could potentially conserve VA in A. grisella, but we also note other factors that might contribute. C1 [Greenfield, M. D.] Univ Tours, CNRS UMR 7126, IRBI, F-37200 Tours, France. [Danka, R. G.] USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. [Gleason, J. M.; Harris, B. R.; Zhou, Y.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Zhou, Y.] Univ Vermont, Dept Biol, Burlington, VT USA. RP Greenfield, MD (reprint author), Univ Tours, CNRS UMR 7126, IRBI, F-37200 Tours, France. EM michael.greenfield@univ-tours.fr RI Gleason, Jennifer/E-7089-2012; OI Gleason, Jennifer/0000-0002-0544-3404; Greenfield, Michael/0000-0003-1935-3423 FU US National Science Foundation [IOB-0516634] FX We thank Zach Abramovitz, Juliana Tran, Margie Bennett, Bryan Medina, Cathy O'Connor, Michael Stockwell and Tristan Neff (University of Kansas) for assistance in the laboratory and Robin Cargel (US Department of Agriculture, Baton Rouge, Louisiana) and David Ferguson (Baton Rouge) for field assistance. Mark Holder, John Kelly, Maria Orive, and two anonymous referees provided valuable suggestions for improving an earlier version of this manuscript. Software for analysing song parameters was developed with the assistance of Simon Gray (Cambridge Electronic Design) and LaRoy Brandt (University of Kansas). The project was supported financially by US National Science Foundation grant IOB-0516634 to MDG and JMG. NR 66 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1010-061X J9 J EVOLUTION BIOL JI J. Evol. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 25 IS 4 BP 601 EP 613 DI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02450.x PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 908YD UT WOS:000301528100001 PM 22268693 ER PT J AU Mendoza, JA Nicklas, TA Liu, Y Stuff, J Baranowski, T AF Mendoza, Jason A. Nicklas, Theresa A. Liu, Yan Stuff, Janice Baranowski, Tom TI General Versus Central Adiposity and Relationship to Pediatric Metabolic Risk SO METABOLIC SYNDROME AND RELATED DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; NATIONAL-HEALTH; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; ASSOCIATION; YOUTH AB Background: The influence of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and general versus central adiposity on pediatric metabolic risk is not well described. Methods: Secondary analyses on pediatric participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2006 (n = 2,155). MVPA (min/day) and adherence to MVPA recommendations were assessed objectively by accelerometers. Body mass index (BMI) z-score and waist circumference (WC) were measured by standard protocols. The main dependent variables included an overall metabolic risk score and clinical tests related to metabolic risk. A series of linear regression analyses were used to examine BMI z-score versus WC as a mediator of the relationship between MVPA and the metabolic risk score or the individual components, controlling for sociodemographic covariates. All analyses with BMI z-score as an independent variable controlled for WC and vice versa. The product-of-coefficients method was used to test for mediation. Results: MVPA adherence was inversely associated and WC was positively associated with the metabolic risk score (all P < 0.05). MVPA was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure and positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (all P < 0.05). WC was inversely associated with HDL-C and positively associated with C-reactive protein (CRP), glycohemoglobin, fasting triglycerides, and fasting insulin (all P < 0.05). WC mediated the relationship between MVPA and CRP or HDL-C (both P < 0.05). Conclusions: MVPA correlated with pediatric metabolic risk and this relationship was mediated by central adiposity for CRP and HDL-C. This finding suggests the need for programs to screen for and improve children's MVPA and WC. C1 [Mendoza, Jason A.; Nicklas, Theresa A.; Liu, Yan; Stuff, Janice; Baranowski, Tom] Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Mendoza, Jason A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Acad Gen Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Mendoza, Jason A.; Baranowski, Tom] Baylor Coll Med, Dan L Duncan Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Mendoza, JA (reprint author), 1100 Bates St,Room 2036, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM jason.mendoza@bcm.edu OI Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222; Mendoza, Jason/0000-0003-0833-4358 FU National Cancer Institute [1K07CA131178]; United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) [58-6250-6001] FX This study was funded by The National Cancer Institute (1K07CA131178) and the United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6250-6001. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the National Cancer Institute, USDA, or Baylor College of Medicine, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement from the U.S. government or Baylor College of Medicine. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-4196 J9 METAB SYNDR RELAT D JI Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord. PD APR PY 2012 VL 10 IS 2 BP 128 EP 136 DI 10.1089/met.2011.0064 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 914NM UT WOS:000301957500009 PM 22149935 ER PT J AU El-Hattab, AW Hsu, JW Emrick, LT Wong, LJC Craigen, WJ Jahoor, F Scaglia, F AF El-Hattab, Ayman W. Hsu, Jean W. Emrick, Lisa T. Wong, Lee-Jun C. Craigen, William J. Jahoor, Farook Scaglia, Fernando TI Restoration of impaired nitric oxide production in MELAS syndrome with citrulline and arginine supplementation SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE Stroke; Endothelial dysfunction; Nitric oxide synthase; Mitochondrial diseases; Stable isotope; Clinical research ID STROKE-LIKE EPISODES; LACTIC-ACIDOSIS; ASYMMETRIC DIMETHYLARGININE; MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHY; BLOOD-VESSELS; ENCEPHALOPATHY; PLASMA; METABOLISM; MUTATION; THERAPY AB Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is one of the most common mitochondrial disorders. Although the pathogenesis of stroke-like episodes remains unclear, it has been suggested that mitochondrial proliferation may result in endothelial dysfunction and decreased nitric oxide (NO) availability leading to cerebral ischemic events. This study aimed to assess NO production in subjects with MELAS syndrome and the effect of the NO precursors arginine and citrulline. Using stable isotope infusion techniques, we assessed arginine, citrulline, and NO metabolism in control subjects and subjects with MELAS syndrome before and after arginine or citrulline supplementation. The results showed that subjects with MELAS had lower NO synthesis rate associated with reduced citrulline flux, de novo arginine synthesis rate, and plasma arginine and citrulline concentrations, and higher plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) concentration and arginine clearance. We conclude that the observed impaired NO production is due to multiple factors including elevated ADMA, higher arginine clearance, and, most importantly, decreased de novo arginine synthesis secondary to decreased citrulline availability. Arginine and, to a greater extent, citrulline supplementation increased the de novo arginine synthesis rate, the plasma concentrations and flux of arginine and citrulline, and NO production. De novo arginine synthesis increased markedly with citrulline supplementation, explaining the superior efficacy of citrulline in increasing NO production. The improvement in NO production with arginine or citrulline supplementation supports their use in MELAS and suggests that citrulline may have a better therapeutic effect than arginine. These findings can have a broader relevance for other disorders marked by perturbations in NO metabolism. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Emrick, Lisa T.; Wong, Lee-Jun C.; Craigen, William J.; Scaglia, Fernando] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Emrick, Lisa T.; Craigen, William J.; Scaglia, Fernando] Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Jahoor, Farook] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [El-Hattab, Ayman W.] Univ Missouri Hlth Care, Div Med Genet, Dept Child Hlth, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. [Hsu, Jean W.; Jahoor, Farook] Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Scaglia, F (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, 1 Baylor Plaza,MS BCM225, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM fscaglia@bcm.edu FU Society for Inherited Metabolic Disorders (SIMD); National Institutes of Health [M01-RR0188] FX This study was funded by the Society for Inherited Metabolic Disorders (SIMD) through the SIMD/Hyperion fellowship award that Ayman El-Hattab has received. We also acknowledge the patients and their families for their participation, the National Institutes of Health for funding the General Clinical Research Center (GCRC) (M01-RR0188), the GCRC staff at Texas Children's Hospital, the United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation (UMDF), and the Pfeiffer Foundation. NR 32 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1096-7192 J9 MOL GENET METAB JI Mol. Genet. Metab. PD APR PY 2012 VL 105 IS 4 BP 607 EP 614 DI 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.01.016 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 917OW UT WOS:000302188700014 PM 22325939 ER PT J AU Huang, T Tucker, K Lee, Y Crott, J Parnell, L Shen, J Smith, C Ordovas, J Li, D Lai, C AF Huang, T. Tucker, K. Lee, Y. Crott, J. Parnell, L. Shen, J. Smith, C. Ordovas, J. Li, D. Lai, C. TI MAT1A variants modulate the effect of dietary fatty acids on plasma homocysteine concentrations SO NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Methionine adenosyltransferase; Dietary fatty acids; Plasma homocysteine ID METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; PUERTO-RICAN; HEALTH; DISEASE; DETERMINANTS; PATHOGENESIS; STROKE; ADULTS; RISK AB Background and Aim: Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are associated with decreased plasma homocysteine (Hcy), an important biomarker for cardiovascular disease. The S-adenosylmethionine synthetase type-1 (MAT1A), an essential enzyme in the conversion of methionine to S-adenosylmethionine, plays a key role in homocysteine metabolism. This study investigated the interaction between dietary fatty acids and MAT1A genotypes on plasma Hcy concentrations among Boston Puerto Ricans. Methods and Results: Plasma Hcy and MAT1A genotypes were determined in 994 subjects of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. Dietary fatty acid intakes were assessed by interviews using a questionnaire adapted from the NCI/Block food frequency form. Result: In the cross-sectional analysis, genetic variant MAT1A 3U1510 displayed a significant interaction with dietary n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio in determining plasma Hcy (p-value for interaction = 0.025). 3U1510G homozygotes had significantly lower plasma Hcy concentration than major allele homozygotes and heterozygotes (AA + AG) (p-value for trend = 0.019) when the n-3:n-6 ratio was >0.09. Two other MAT1A variants, d18777 and i15752, also showed significant interactions with different constituents of dietary fat influencing Hcy concentrations. Furthermore, haplotypes consisting of three variants displayed a strong interaction with n3:n6 ratio influencing Hcy concentrations. Conclusions: Our results suggest that MAT1A genotypes appear to modulate effects of dietary fat on plasma Hcy. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Huang, T.; Li, D.] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Huang, T.; Lee, Y.; Crott, J.; Parnell, L.; Shen, J.; Smith, C.; Ordovas, J.; Lai, C.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Tucker, K.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Huang, T.; Li, D.] APCNS Ctr Nutr & Food Safety, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RP Li, D (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM duoli@zju.edu; chaoqiang.lai@ars.usda.gov RI Huang, Tao/C-5641-2014; OI Huang, Tao/0000-0002-0328-1368; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU China Scholarship Council; National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging [5P01AG023394-02]; NIH/NHLBI [HL54776, HL078885]; U.S. Department of Agriculture Research Service [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001] FX This work is supported by the China Scholarship Council, the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Grant Number 5P01AG023394-02, NIH/NHLBI grant number HL54776 and HL078885 and contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Research Service. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0939-4753 J9 NUTR METAB CARDIOVAS JI Nutr. Metab. Carbiovasc. Dis. PD APR PY 2012 VL 22 IS 4 BP 362 EP 368 DI 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.07.015 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 912LW UT WOS:000301800500009 PM 21185701 ER PT J AU Li, T Liu, RJ He, XH Wang, BS AF Li Tao Liu Run-Jin He Xin-Hua Wang Bao-Shan TI Enhancement of Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase Activities and Salt Tolerance of Euhalophyte Suaeda salsa L. by Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus mosseae SO PEDOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE antioxidant enzymes; isoenzyme; malondialdehyde; NaCl tolerance; oxidative stress ID SALINITY TOLERANCE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PLANTS; HALOPHYTES; DIVERSITY; NACL; INOCULATION; ALLEVIATION; QUANTIFY; DROUGHT AB Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM)-mediated plant physiological activities could contribute to plant salt tolerance. However, the biochemical mechanism by which AM fungi enhance salt tolerance of halophytic plants is unclear. A pot experiment was conducted to determine whether salt tolerance of the C-3 halophyte Suaeda salsa was enhanced by the AM fungus Glomus mosseae. When 60-day-old S. salsa seedlings were subjected to 400 mmol L-1 NaCl stress for 35 clays; plant height, number of leaves and branches, shoot and root biomass, and root length of G. mosseae-colonized seedlings were significantly greater than those of the nonmycorrizal seedlings. Leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity at all sampling times (weekly for 35 days after salt stress was initiated) and leaf catalase (CAT) activity at 2 and 3 weeks after salt stress was initiated were also significantly enhanced in G. mosseae-colonized S. salsa seedlings, while the content of leaf malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of membrane lipid peroxidation, was significantly reduced, indicating an alleviation of oxidative damage. The corresponding leaf isoenzymes of SOD (Fe-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD1, and Cu/Zn-SOD2) and CAT (CAT1 and CAT2) were also significantly increased in the mycorrhizal seedlings after 14 days of 400 mmol L-1 NaCl stress. Our results suggested that G. mosseae increased salt tolerance by increasing SOD and CAT activities and forming SOD and CAT isoforms in S. salsa seedlings. C1 [Li Tao; Wang Bao-Shan] Shandong Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Key Lab Plant Stress Res, Jinan 250014, Peoples R China. [Liu Run-Jin] Qingdao Agr Univ, Inst Mycorrhizal Biotechnol, Qingdao 266109, Peoples R China. [He Xin-Hua] Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [He Xin-Hua] Michigan Technol Univ, USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [He Xin-Hua] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Wang, BS (reprint author), Shandong Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Key Lab Plant Stress Res, Jinan 250014, Peoples R China. EM bswang@sdnu.edu.cn RI He, Xinhua/B-8047-2015 OI He, Xinhua/0000-0002-5570-3454 FU National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) of China [2007AA091701]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30870138] FX Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) of China (No. 2007AA091701) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30870138). NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 31 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1002-0160 EI 2210-5107 J9 PEDOSPHERE JI Pedosphere PD APR PY 2012 VL 22 IS 2 BP 217 EP 224 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 917UN UT WOS:000302204200008 ER PT J AU Rimando, AM Pan, ZQ Polashock, JJ Dayan, FE Mizuno, CS Snook, ME Liu, CJ Baerson, SR AF Rimando, Agnes M. Pan, Zhiqiang Polashock, James J. Dayan, Franck E. Mizuno, Cassia S. Snook, Maurice E. Liu, Chang-Jun Baerson, Scott R. TI In planta production of the highly potent resveratrol analogue pterostilbene via stilbene synthase and O-methyltransferase co-expression SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stilbene; nutraceutical; antimicrobial; metabolic engineering; O-methyltransferase ID WILD VITIS-PSEUDORETICULATA; PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; BICOLOR ROOT HAIRS; PTEROCARPUS-MARSUPIUM; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; DEFENSE RESPONSES AB Resveratrol and related stilbenes are thought to play important roles in defence responses in several plant species and have also generated considerable interest as nutraceuticals owing to their diverse health-promoting properties. Pterostilbene, a 3,5-dimethylether derivative of resveratrol, possesses properties similar to its parent compound and, additionally, exhibits significantly higher fungicidal activity in vitro and superior pharmacokinetic properties in vivo. Recombinant enzyme studies carried out using a previously characterized O-methyltransferase sequence from Sorghum bicolor (SbOMT3) demonstrated its ability to catalyse the A ring-specific 3,5-bis-O-methylation of resveratrol, yielding pterostilbene. A binary vector was constructed for the constitutive co-expression of SbOMT3 with a stilbene synthase sequence from peanut (AhSTS3) and used for the generation of stably transformed tobacco and Arabidopsis plants, resulting in the accumulation of pterostilbene in both species. A reduced floral pigmentation phenotype observed in multiple tobacco transformants was further investigated by reversed-phase HPLC analysis, revealing substantial decreases in both dihydroquercetin-derived flavonoids and phenylpropanoid-conjugated polyamines in pterostilbene-producing SbOMT3/AhSTS3 events. These results demonstrate the potential utility of this strategy for the generation of pterostilbene-producing crops and also underscore the need for the development of additional approaches for minimizing concomitant reductions in key phenylpropanoid-derived metabolites. C1 [Rimando, Agnes M.; Pan, Zhiqiang; Dayan, Franck E.; Mizuno, Cassia S.; Baerson, Scott R.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS USA. [Polashock, James J.] ARS, USDA, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Chatsworth, NJ USA. [Snook, Maurice E.] ARS, USDA, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. [Liu, Chang-Jun] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Baerson, SR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS USA. EM scott.baerson@ars.usda.gov RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 83 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-7644 J9 PLANT BIOTECHNOL J JI Plant Biotechnol. J. PD APR PY 2012 VL 10 IS 3 BP 269 EP 283 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2011.00657.x PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 902OZ UT WOS:000301049100002 PM 21902799 ER PT J AU Kielkowska, A Havey, MJ AF Kielkowska, Agnieszka Havey, Michael J. TI In vitro flowering and production of viable pollen of cucumber SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE In vitro flowering; Meiotic irregularities; Pollen viability and germination; Tetrads ID CULTURED NODAL EXPLANTS; SATIVUS L.; SEED PRODUCTION; TISSUE-CULTURE; REGENERATION; INVITRO; MICROSPOROGENESIS; VARIABILITY; GERMINATION; INDUCTION AB Flowers were produced on sterile cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants grown in vitro from seed and micropropagated shoots from stem fragments. The highest numbers of flowers on plants from both sources were produced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium without plant growth regulators (PGR), as well as with 6 mu M of kinetin (Kin). Plants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 8.9 mu M benzyladenine (BA) and 1.1 mu M 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) did not flower. In vitro grown plants produced fewer, smaller flowers compared with greenhouse-grown plants. Male and female flowers developed on plants grown in vitro from seed and were morphologically similar to flowers on greenhouse grown plants. Micropropagated shoots produced male flowers with altered morphology. The highest viability (72.9 +/- A 4.2%) and germination (69.5 +/- A 4.1%) of pollen were observed for plants grown from seed on MS medium supplemented with 6 mu M Kin. Cytological observations of meiosis in anthers of male flowers from in vitro grown plants revealed abnormalities, such as monads, dyads, triads, polyads, microcytes and degeneration of tetrads, causing reduced viability and germination of pollen. The fewest meiotic irregularities in pollen mother cells were observed in plants grown on MS medium that was PGR-free (12.1 +/- A 0.9%) or with 6 mu M Kin (20.9 +/- A 1.7%). C1 [Kielkowska, Agnieszka; Havey, Michael J.] ARS, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kielkowska, Agnieszka; Havey, Michael J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Kielkowska, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kielkowska@ogr.ur.krakow.pl FU USDA Agricultural Research Service FX Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. This work was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 EI 1573-5044 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD APR PY 2012 VL 109 IS 1 BP 73 EP 82 DI 10.1007/s11240-011-0075-8 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 909XG UT WOS:000301599800008 ER PT J AU Garland, JL Zabaloy, MC Birmele, M Mackowiak, CL Lehman, RM Frey, SD AF Garland, J. L. Zabaloy, M. C. Birmele, M. Mackowiak, C. L. Lehman, R. M. Frey, S. D. TI Examining N-limited soil microbial activity using community-level physiological profiling based on O-2 consumption SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Community level physiological profiling; Bioavailable N; N limitation; Enrichment ID SCRUB-OAK ECOSYSTEM; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; NITROGEN; CARBON; RESPIRATION; LIMITATION; SUBSTRATE; FUNGAL; SIZE AB Nitrogen-limited soil microbial activity has important implications for soil carbon storage and nutrient availability, but previous methods for assessing resource limitation have been restricted, due to enrichment criteria (i.e., long incubation periods, high substrate amendments) and/or logistical constraints (e.g. use of radioisotopes). A microtiter-based assay of basal and substrate induced soil respiration based on O-2 consumption may be a rapid, ecologically relevant means of assessing N limitation. The present study evaluated this approach by examining 1) the extent and duration of N limitation on soil respiratory activity following different levels of N fertilization in the field, and 2) the relationship between N-limited activities and growth under the assay conditions. Fertilization rate and the time since fertilization had significant impacts on the degree of N limitation of soil microbial activity. The highest fertilization rate showed the earliest and most persistent reduction in N limitation, as would be predicted from the higher concentration of extractable inorganic soil N observed with this treatment. Bacterial growth under the assay conditions, as estimated by quantitative-PCR of 165 rRNA genes, was less than twofold in soils demonstrating a rapid respiratory response (i.e. peak within 6-8 h of initiating incubation) to up to fourfold in soils demonstrating a slower respiratory response (i.e., peak response after 14 h of incubation). Increased respiratory response with N amendment was usually associated with increased cell growth, although for rapidly responding soils some C sources showed N-limited use without growth. This was likely due to exhaustion of the relatively low levels of available C amendment before growth was detected. The method appears useful for assessing N-limited microbial growth, and it may be effective as a rapid indicator of bioavailable soil N. It may also be a tool to evaluate the complexity of N limitation among various metabolic pathways found in soil microbial communities, particularly if linked to dynamics in community structure and gene activation. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Garland, J. L.; Zabaloy, M. C.; Birmele, M.] Dynamac Corp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Mackowiak, C. L.] Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr Quincy, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. [Lehman, R. M.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Frey, S. D.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Zabaloy, MC (reprint author), UNS, Dept Agron, Ctr Renewable Resources Semiarid Reg CERZOS, San Andres 800, RA-8000 Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina. EM mzabaloy@uns.edu.ar OI Lehman, Michael/0000-0002-3391-3178 FU Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES); United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); National University of the South (UNS, Argentina) FX This work was funded through a grant from the Soil Processes Program of the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The National University of the South (UNS, Argentina) funded M.C. Zabaloy's internship at the Space Life Sciences Laboratory (Kennedy Space Center). None of the funding sources was involved in the executive work or the writing of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD APR PY 2012 VL 47 BP 46 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.12.016 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 909KE UT WOS:000301562600007 ER PT J AU Mitra, S Wielopolski, L Omonode, R Novak, J Frederick, J Chan, ASK AF Mitra, S. Wielopolski, L. Omonode, R. Novak, J. Frederick, J. Chan, A. S. K. TI Non-invasive field measurements of soil water content using a pulsed 14 MeV neutron generator SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Non-invasive measurement; Soil water; Field studies; Pulsed 14 MeV neutrons; Prompt gamma-ray ID CARBON AB Current techniques of soil water content measurement are invasive and labor-intensive. Here, we demonstrate that an in situ soil carbon (C) analyzer with a multi-elemental analysis capability, developed for studies of terrestrial C sequestration, can be used concurrently to non-invasively measure the water content of large-volume (similar to 0.3 m(3)) soil samples. Our objectives were to investigate the correlations of the hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) signals with water to the changes in the soil water content in laboratory experiments, and in an agricultural field. Implementing prompt gamma neutron activation analyses we showed that in the field, the signal from the H nucleus better indicates the soil water content than does that from the O nucleus. Using a field calibration, we were able to use the H signal to estimate a minimum detectable change of similar to 2% volumetric water in a 0-30 cm depth of soil. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mitra, S.; Wielopolski, L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Omonode, R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Novak, J.] USDA ARS, USDA ARS Coastal Plains Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Frederick, J.] Clemson Univ, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, Florence, SC 29506 USA. [Chan, A. S. K.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Mitra, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM smitra@bnl.gov FU Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. Department of Energy FX This manuscript has been co-authored by employees of Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains, and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges, a world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for the United States Government purposes. We gratefully acknowledge Dr Oded Doron's and Mr Don Watt's help with the logistics for field measurements at the Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center (Darlington, SC). NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 120 BP 130 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.still.2011.12.009 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 911CO UT WOS:000301695100016 ER PT J AU Valentine, HT Makela, A Green, EJ Amateis, RL Makinen, H Ducey, MJ AF Valentine, Harry T. Makela, Annikki Green, Edwin J. Amateis, Ralph L. Makinen, Harri Ducey, Mark J. TI Models relating stem growth to crown length dynamics: application to loblolly pine and Norway spruce SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE Allometry; Growth model; Pipe model; Scaling; Stem form ID TREE GROWTH; THINNING INTENSITY; SITE INDEX; STANDS; DENSITY; HEIGHT AB We derive and analyze a model that relates the growth rate of cross-sectional area ('csa') at any height on the central stem of a tree to crown-length dynamics. The derivation is based, in part, on assumptions that (a) active csa on the central stem relates allometrically to the length of crown above the cross section, and (b) inactive csa is proportional to active csa within the crown. We also assume that the deactivation rate of csa beneath the crown is determined, in part, by the rate of crown rise. Integration of the growth-rate model under an additional assumption-that total crown length is constant after stand closure-provides a simple model of annual or periodic growth of total csa that can be fit to standard growth data. Three implications of the assumptions and integration are notable: (1) total csa within the crown scales allometrically with stem length above the cross section; (2) for a special case, total csa beneath the crown scales with stem length above the cross section; more generally, csa scales with a linear combination of the stem and crown lengths; and (3) the stem beneath the crown forms to approximate a frustum of a quadratic paraboloid. Basal area data from a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) spacing trial show good agreement with (1) and (2), and with an empirical model developed from the special case of (2). Data from the plots of a Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) thinning trial, where crown length remained approximately constant, show good agreement with (2) and the empirical model. Prediction (3) is demonstrated by simulation. C1 [Valentine, Harry T.] US Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Makela, Annikki] Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Ecol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Green, Edwin J.] Rutgers State Univ, Cook Coll, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Amateis, Ralph L.] Coll Nat Resources & Environm, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Makinen, Harri] Finnish Forest Res Inst, Vantaa Res Unit PL 18, Vantaa 01301, Finland. [Ducey, Mark J.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Valentine, HT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM hvalentine@fs.fed.us RI Makinen, Harri/C-9817-2015; Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016; OI Makinen, Harri/0000-0002-1820-6264; Makela, Annikki/0000-0001-9633-7350 NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0931-1890 EI 1432-2285 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD APR PY 2012 VL 26 IS 2 BP 469 EP 478 DI 10.1007/s00468-011-0608-0 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 912FD UT WOS:000301779200017 ER PT J AU Lister, AJ Scott, CT Rasmussen, S AF Lister, Andrew J. Scott, Charles T. Rasmussen, Steven TI Inventory methods for trees in nonforest areas in the great plains states SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Trees outside forest; Nonforest tree inventory; Emerald ash borer; Great Plains forest inventory; Multiphase sample; National Inventory and Monitoring Applications Center; Great Plains Initiative ID EMERALD ASH BORER; FOREST INVENTORY; PROGRAM; LAND AB The US Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program collects information on trees in areas that meet its definition of forest. However, the inventory excludes trees in areas that do not meet this definition, such as those found in urban areas, in isolated patches, in areas with sparse or predominantly herbaceous vegetation, in narrow strips (e.g., shelterbelts), or in riparian areas. In the Great Plains States, little is known about the tree resource in these noninventoried, nonforest areas, and there is a great deal of concern about the potential impact of invasive pests, such as the emerald ash borer. To address this knowledge gap, FIA's National Inventory and Monitoring Applications Center has partnered with state cooperators and others in a project called the Great Plains Initiative to design and implement an inventory of trees in nonforest areas. The goal of the inventory is to characterize the nonforest tree resource using methods compatible with those of FIA so a holistic understanding of the resource can be obtained by integrating the two surveys. The goal of this paper is to describe the process of designing and implementing the survey, including plot and sample design, and to present some example results from a reporting tool we developed. C1 [Lister, Andrew J.; Scott, Charles T.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Analysis Natl Inventory & Moni, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. [Rasmussen, Steven] Nebraska Forest Serv, Wayne, NE 68787 USA. RP Lister, AJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Analysis Natl Inventory & Moni, Campus Blvd,Suite 200, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM alister@fs.fed.us; ctscott@fs.fed.us; srasmussen2@unl.edu NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD APR PY 2012 VL 184 IS 4 BP 2465 EP 2474 DI 10.1007/s10661-011-2131-6 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 899WU UT WOS:000300848100053 PM 21713500 ER PT J AU Schwarz, K Pickett, STA Lathrop, RG Weathers, KC Pouyat, RV Cadenasso, ML AF Schwarz, K. Pickett, Steward T. A. Lathrop, Richard G. Weathers, Kathleen C. Pouyat, Richard V. Cadenasso, Mary L. TI The effects of the urban built environment on the spatial distribution of lead in residential soils SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Baltimore; Lead; Spatial heterogeneity; Urban soil; Field-portable XRF ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; NEW-ORLEANS; BLOOD LEAD; INTELLECTUAL IMPAIRMENT; UNITED-STATES; HEAVY-METALS; INNER-CITY; EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; DEPOSITION AB Lead contamination of urban residential soils is a public health concern. Consequently, there is a need to delineate hotspots in the landscape to identify risk and facilitate remediation. Land use is a good predictor of some environmental pollutants. However, in the case of soil lead, research has shown that land use is not a useful proxy. We hypothesize that soil lead is related to both individual landscape features at the parcel scale and the landscape context in which parcels are embedded. We sampled soil lead on 61 residential parcels in Baltimore, Maryland using field-portable x-ray fluorescence. Thirty percent of parcels had average lead concentrations that exceeded the USEPA limit of 400 ppm and 53% had at least one reading that exceeded 400 ppm. Results indicate that soil lead is strongly associated with housing age, distance to roadways, and on a parcel scale, distance to built structures. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schwarz, K.; Cadenasso, Mary L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pickett, Steward T. A.; Weathers, Kathleen C.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Lathrop, Richard G.] Rutgers State Univ, Walton Ctr Remote Sensing & Spatial Anal, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Pouyat, Richard V.] US Forest Serv, Environm Sci Res Staff, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Schwarz, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Mail Stop 1,1210 PES,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM krschwarz@ucdavis.edu RI Schwarz, Karin/K-3102-2014 OI Schwarz, Karin/0000-0002-3943-0564 FU NSF [DEB 042376, 0808418] FX This work is a contribution to the Long Term Ecological Research Program (a program of the National Science Foundation) and the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies and was supported by NSF grants DEB 042376 and 0808418. Thank you to Mike Khavul, Kemi Osunsan, Joshua Sonner, and Tanya Watts for their assistance in the field and William Davies and l'Asia Deyo for assistance in the lab. Heather Clark and Dr. Daniel Brabander were extremely generous in sharing their knowledge of XRF technology and soil lead contamination. We would also like to thank the Baltimore City Health Department, especially Dr. Madeleine Shea, for providing valuable feedback. We thank Dr. Weiqi Zhou for sharing his knowledge of spatial analyses. NR 64 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 8 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD APR PY 2012 VL 163 BP 32 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.12.003 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 907CM UT WOS:000301395400005 PM 22325428 ER PT J AU Sun, K Gao, B Ro, KS Novak, JM Wang, ZY Herbert, S Xing, BS AF Sun, Ke Gao, Bo Ro, Kyoung S. Novak, Jeff M. Wang, Ziying Herbert, Stephen Xing, Baoshan TI Assessment of herbicide sorption by biochars and organic matter associated with soil and sediment SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Sorption; Organic matter; Herbicides; Biochar; Fluridone; Norflurazon ID PHENANTHRENE SORPTION; BLACK CARBON; WOOD CHARS; PESTICIDES; NORFLURAZON; ADSORPTION; QUANTIFICATION; CONTAMINANTS; MECHANISMS; PARTITION AB Sorption of of two herbicides, fluridone (FLUN) and norflurazon (NORO), by two types of biochars, whole sediment, and various soil/sediment organic matter (OM) fractions including nonhydrolyzable carbon (NHC), black carbon (BC) and humic acid (HA) was examined. The single-point organic carbon (OC)-normalized distribution coefficients (K-OC) of FLUN and NORO at low solution concentration (C-e = 0.01S(W), solubility) for HA, NHC, and BC were about 3, 14, and 24 times and 3, 16, and 36 times larger than their bulk sediments, respectively, indicating the importance of different OM fractions in herbicide sorption. This study revealed that aliphatic moieties of the hydrothermal biochars and aromatic moieties of NHC samples, respectively, were possibly responsible for herbicide sorption. The hydrothermal biochar and condensed OM (i.e., NHC and BC) showed relatively high or similar herbicide sorption efficiency compared to the thermal biochar, suggesting that the hydrothermal biochar may serve as an amendment for minimizing off-site herbicide movement. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sun, Ke; Herbert, Stephen; Xing, Baoshan] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Sun, Ke; Wang, Ziying] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Water Simulat, Sch Environm, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Gao, Bo] China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res, State Key Lab Simulat & Regulat Water Cycle River, Beijing 100038, Peoples R China. [Ro, Kyoung S.; Novak, Jeff M.] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Xing, BS (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM bx@pssci.umass.edu RI Gao, Bo/B-5377-2017 OI Gao, Bo/0000-0002-7301-6316 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40803029]; National Basic Research Program of China [2007CB407302]; USDA-AFRI [2009-35201-05819]; USDA [MAS 00982]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities FX This research was in part supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40803029), National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB407302), USDA-AFRI (2009-35201-05819), USDA Hatch Program (MAS 00982), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. We thank Dr. M. Guo for providing us the thermal biochar samples. NR 36 TC 32 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 106 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD APR PY 2012 VL 163 BP 167 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.12.015 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 907CM UT WOS:000301395400022 PM 22325445 ER PT J AU Gilliland, NJ Chappelka, AH Muntifering, RB Booker, FL Ditchkoff, SS AF Gilliland, Nicholas J. Chappelka, Arthur H. Muntifering, Russell B. Booker, Fitzgerald L. Ditchkoff, Stephen S. TI Digestive utilization of ozone-exposed forage by rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; Digestibility; Forage quality; Herbivore nutrition; Phenolics; Rabbits; Southern Piedmont ID GROUND-LEVEL OZONE; NUTRITIVE QUALITY; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; YIELD; GROWTH; FIBER; DIGESTIBILITY; FUMIGATION; POLLUTION; PASTURE AB A mixture of common Southern Piedmont (USA) grassland species (Lolium arundinacea, Paspalum dilatatum, Cynodon dactylon and Trifolium repens) was exposed to O-3 [ambient (non-filtered; NF) and twice-ambient (2X) concentrations] and fed to individually caged New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in a digestibility experiment. Forages and feed refusals were analyzed for concentrations of total cell wall constituents, lignin, crude protein, and soluble and hydrolyzable phenolic fractions. Neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber digestibility by rabbits were significantly lower for 2X than NF forage. Decreased digestibility could not be attributed to lignin concentrations, but was associated with increased concentrations of acid-hydrolyzable and saponifiable phenolics. Exposure of forage to elevated O-3 resulted in decreased digestible dry matter intake by rabbits. Elevated O-3 concentrations could be expected to have a negative impact on forage quality, resulting in decreased nutrient utilization by mammalian herbivores in Southern Piedmont grasslands under projected future climate scenarios. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gilliland, Nicholas J.; Chappelka, Arthur H.; Ditchkoff, Stephen S.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Muntifering, Russell B.] Auburn Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Booker, Fitzgerald L.] USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Chappelka, AH (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM gillinj@mail.auburn.edu; chappah@auburn.edu; muntirb@auburn.edu; Fitz.Booker@ars.usda.gov; ditchss@auburn.edu FU Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station at Auburn University FX This research was supported by a grant from the Hatch/Multi-state Funding Program of the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station at Auburn University. We would like to thank Efrem Robbins for assistance and maintenance with the open-top chambers and field work, Auburn University Veterinary School for housing of the rabbits, Dr. Todd Steury for help with statistics, and Dr. John Lin for assistance with several laboratory analyses. We also thank the graduate and undergraduate students who assisted with field and laboratory work. This study was conducted according to a research protocol (PRN 2009-1604) that was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Auburn University. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD APR PY 2012 VL 163 BP 281 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.01.003 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 907CM UT WOS:000301395400036 PM 22296918 ER PT J AU Xu, DH Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH AF Xu, De-Hai Shoemaker, Craig A. Klesius, Phillip H. TI Ichthyophthirius multifiliis as a potential vector of Edwardsiella ictaluri in channel catfish SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE bacteria; parasite; vector; concomitant infection; qPCR; fish; aquaculture ID RAINBOW-TROUT; INFECTION; FISH AB There is limited information on whether parasites act as vectors to transmit bacteria in fish. In this trial, we used Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and fluorescent Edwardsiella ictaluri as a model to study the interaction between parasite, bacterium, and fish. The percentage (23-39%) of theronts fluorescing after exposure to E.similar to ictaluri was significantly higher than control theronts (similar to 6%) using flow cytometry. Theronts exposed to E.similar to ictaluri at 4 similar to x similar to 10(7)similar to CFU similar to mL(-1) showed a higher percentage (similar to 60%) of fluorescent theronts compared to those (42%) exposed to 4 similar to x similar to 10(3)similar to CFU similar to mL-1 at 4 similar to h. All tomonts (100%) carried the bacterium after exposure to E.similar to ictaluri. Edwardsiella ictaluri survived and replicated during tomont division. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that E.similar to ictaluri was associated with the tomont surface. Among theronts released from tomonts exposed to E.similar to ictaluri, 31-66% were observed with attached E.similar to ictaluri. Sixty percent of fish exposed to theronts treated with 5 similar to x similar to 10(7) E.similar to ictaluri similar to mL-1 were positive for E.similar to ictaluri at 4 similar to h as determined by qPCR or fluorescent microscopy. Fluorescent E.similar to ictaluri were observed on trophonts in skin and gill wet mounts of dead fish. This study demonstrated that Ich could vector E.similar to ictaluri to channel catfish. C1 [Xu, De-Hai; Shoemaker, Craig A.; Klesius, Phillip H.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Xu, DH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM dehai.xu@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0378-1097 EI 1574-6968 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD APR PY 2012 VL 329 IS 2 BP 160 EP 167 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2012.02518.x PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 910PS UT WOS:000301652400010 PM 22309484 ER PT J AU Hayes, DJ Turner, DP Stinson, G McGuire, AD Wei, YX West, TO Heath, LS Dejong, B McConkey, BG Birdsey, RA Kurz, WA Jacobson, AR Huntzinger, DN Pan, YD Mac Post, W Cook, RB AF Hayes, Daniel J. Turner, David P. Stinson, Graham McGuire, A. David Wei, Yaxing West, Tristram O. Heath, Linda S. Dejong, Bernardus McConkey, Brian G. Birdsey, Richard A. Kurz, Werner A. Jacobson, Andrew R. Huntzinger, Deborah N. Pan, Yude Mac Post, W. Cook, Robert B. TI Reconciling estimates of the contemporary North American carbon balance among terrestrial biosphere models, atmospheric inversions, and a new approach for estimating net ecosystem exchange from inventory-based data SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agriculture; carbon cycle; climate change; CO2 emissions; CO2 sinks; forests; inventory; modeling; North America ID LAND-USE CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; VERTICAL PROFILES; FLUX INVERSION; CO2; FOREST; SINKS; CYCLE; RESOLUTION; DYNAMICS AB We develop an approach for estimating net ecosystem exchange (NEE) using inventory-based information over North America (NA) for a recent 7-year period (ca. 2000-2006). The approach notably retains information on the spatial distribution of NEE, or the vertical exchange between land and atmosphere of all non-fossil fuel sources and sinks of CO2, while accounting for lateral transfers of forest and crop products as well as their eventual emissions. The total NEE estimate of a -327 similar to +/-similar to 252 similar to TgC similar to yr-1 sink for NA was driven primarily by CO2 uptake in the Forest Lands sector (-248 similar to TgC similar to yr-1), largely in the Northwest and Southeast regions of the US, and in the Crop Lands sector (-297 similar to TgC similar to yr-1), predominantly in the Midwest US states. These sinks are counteracted by the carbon source estimated for the Other Lands sector (+218 similar to TgC similar to yr-1), where much of the forest and crop products are assumed to be returned to the atmosphere (through livestock and human consumption). The ecosystems of Mexico are estimated to be a small net source (+18 similar to TgC similar to yr-1) due to land use change between 1993 and 2002. We compare these inventory-based estimates with results from a suite of terrestrial biosphere and atmospheric inversion models, where the mean continental-scale NEE estimate for each ensemble is -511 similar to TgC similar to yr-1 and -931 similar to TgC similar to yr-1, respectively. In the modeling approaches, all sectors, including Other Lands, were generally estimated to be a carbon sink, driven in part by assumed CO2 fertilization and/or lack of consideration of carbon sources from disturbances and product emissions. Additional fluxes not measured by the inventories, although highly uncertain, could add an additional -239 similar to TgC similar to yr-1 to the inventory-based NA sink estimate, thus suggesting some convergence with the modeling approaches. C1 [Hayes, Daniel J.; Wei, Yaxing; Mac Post, W.; Cook, Robert B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Turner, David P.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Stinson, Graham; Kurz, Werner A.] Forestry Canada, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [West, Tristram O.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Heath, Linda S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Dejong, Bernardus] El Colegio Frontera Sur ECOSUR, Villahermosa 86280, Tabasco, Mexico. [McConkey, Brian G.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON KIA 0C5, Canada. [Birdsey, Richard A.; Pan, Yude] US Forest Serv, USDA, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. [Jacobson, Andrew R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Huntzinger, Deborah N.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Hayes, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hayesdj@ornl.gov RI Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; Hayes, Daniel/B-8968-2012; West, Tristram/C-5699-2013; Wei, Yaxing/K-1507-2013; Pan, Yude/F-6145-2015; OI West, Tristram/0000-0001-7859-0125; Wei, Yaxing/0000-0001-6924-0078; Cook, Robert/0000-0001-7393-7302; Kurz, Werner/0000-0003-4576-7849 FU US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research; DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; USDA CSREES [2008-35615-18959]; NASA [NNX10AT66G, NNX09AL51G] FX Research was conducted in part at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle for DOE under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. The research reported in this paper was supported by multiple sources, including USDA CSREES grant 2008-35615-18959, NASA New Investigator Program grant NNX10AT66G and NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program grant NNX09AL51G. The authors would like to thank all of the modeling teams participating in the North American Carbon program and providing simulation result for this analysis through the Regional-Continental Interim Synthesis activity (http://nacarbon.org) and Robert Andres of the Los Alamos National Laboratory for provision of the data on fossil fuel emissions. We also acknowledge the efforts of Chris Williams, Jim Collatz, and the anonymous reviewers for greatly improving the quality of this manuscript through their added insight and constructive criticism. NR 80 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 77 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 18 IS 4 BP 1282 EP 1299 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02627.x PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 909AB UT WOS:000301533100007 ER PT J AU Barron-Gafford, GA Scott, RL Jenerette, GD Hamerlynck, EP Huxman, TE AF Barron-Gafford, Greg A. Scott, Russell L. Jenerette, G. Darrel Hamerlynck, Erik P. Huxman, Travis E. TI Temperature and precipitation controls over leaf- and ecosystem-level CO2 flux along a woody plant encroachment gradient SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eddy covariance; mesquite (Prosopis velutina); net ecosystem exchange; photosynthesis; respiration; temperature optima; vegetative change; woody plant encroachment ID BIOCHEMICALLY BASED MODEL; WARM-DESERT PHREATOPHYTE; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; THERMAL-ACCLIMATION; SEASONAL PATTERNS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RESPIRATION; WATER; PARAMETERS AB Conversion of grasslands to woodlands may alter the sensitivity of CO2 exchange of individual plants and entire ecosystems to air temperature and precipitation. We combined leaf-level gas exchange and ecosystem-level eddy covariance measurements to quantify the effects of plant temperature sensitivity and ecosystem temperature responses within a grassland and mesquite woodland across seasonal precipitation periods. In so doing, we were able to estimate the role of moisture availability on ecosystem temperature sensitivity under large-scale vegetative shifts. Optimum temperatures (Topt) for net photosynthetic assimilation (A) and net ecosystem productivity (NEP) were estimated from a function fitted to A and NEP plotted against air temperature. The convexities of these temperature responses were quantified by the range of temperatures over which a leaf or an ecosystem assimilated 50% of maximum NEP (O50). Under dry pre- and postmonsoon conditions, leaf-level O50 in C3 shrubs were two-to-three times that of C4 grasses, but under moist monsoon conditions, leaf-level O50 was similar between growth forms. At the ecosystems-scale, grassland NEP was more sensitive to precipitation, as evidenced by a 104% increase in maximum NEP at monsoon onset, compared to a 57% increase in the woodland. Also, woodland NEP was greater across all temperatures experienced by both ecosystems in all seasons. By maintaining physiological function across a wider temperature range during water-limited periods, woody plants assimilated larger amounts of carbon. This higher carbon-assimilation capacity may have significant implications for ecosystem responses to projected climate change scenarios of higher temperatures and more variable precipitation, particularly as semiarid regions experience conversions from C4 grasses to C3 shrubs. As regional carbon models, CLM 4.0, are now able to incorporate functional type and photosynthetic pathway differences, this work highlights the need for a better integration of the interactive effects of growth form/functional type and photosynthetic pathway on water resource acquisition and temperature sensitivity. C1 [Barron-Gafford, Greg A.; Huxman, Travis E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Barron-Gafford, Greg A.; Huxman, Travis E.] Univ Arizona, Earthsci B2, Biosphere 2, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Scott, Russell L.; Hamerlynck, Erik P.] ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Jenerette, G. Darrel] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Barron-Gafford, GA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM gregbg@email.arizona.edu FU Philecology Foundation of Fort Worth, Texas; NSF-DEB [04189134, 0414977]; SAHRA (Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas) under the STC of the National Science Foundation [EAR-9876800] FX This work was supported by Philecology Foundation of Fort Worth, Texas, and NSF-DEB 04189134 and 0414977 to T. E. H. Additional support was provided by the USDA-ARS and by SAHRA (Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas) under the STC Program of the National Science Foundation, Agreement No. EAR-9876800. The authors thank J. L. Bronstein, D. L. Venable, and R. L. Minor for providing insightful comments on the manuscript. The authors also thank A. Tyler and R. Bryant for assistance with measurements and equipment maintenance. NR 56 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 9 U2 84 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 18 IS 4 BP 1389 EP 1400 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02599.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 909AB UT WOS:000301533100015 ER PT J AU Zak, DR Kubiske, ME Pregitzer, KS Burton, AJ AF Zak, Donald R. Kubiske, Mark E. Pregitzer, Kurt S. Burton, Andrew J. TI Atmospheric CO2 and O3 alter competition for soil nitrogen in developing forests SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE belowground competition; elevated CO2; elevated O3; interspecific competition; intraspecific competition; soil N ID BELOW-GROUND COMPETITION; ELEVATED CO2; SHADE-TOLERANCE; TREMBLING ASPEN; PLANT-GROWTH; AND/OR O-3; RESPONSES; REGENERATION; COMMUNITIES; DENSITY AB Plant growth responses to rising atmospheric CO2 and O3 vary among genotypes and between species, which could plausibly influence the strength of competitive interactions for soil N. Ascribable to the size-symmetric nature of belowground competition, we reasoned that differential growth responses to CO2 and O3 should shift as juvenile individuals mature, thereby altering competitive hierarchies and forest composition. In a 12-year-long forest FACE experiment, we used tracer 15N and whole-plant N content to assess belowground competitive interactions among five Populus tremuloides genotypes, between a single P. tremuloides genotype and Betula papryrifera, as well as between the same single P. tremuloides genotype and Acer saccharum. Under elevated CO2, the amount of soil N and 15N obtained by the P. tremuloides genotype common to each community was contingent on the nature of belowground competition. When this genotype competed with its congeners, it obtained equivalent amounts of soil N and tracer 15N under ambient and elevated CO2; however, its acquisition of soil N under elevated CO2 increased by a significant margin when grown in competition with B. papyrifera (+30%) and A. saccharum (+60%). In contrast, elevated O3 had no effect on soil N and 15N acquisition by the P. tremuloides genotype common in each community, regardless of competitive interactions. Under elevated CO2, the rank order of N acquisition among P. tremuloides genotypes shifted over time, indicating that growth responses to CO2 change during ontogeny; this was not the case under elevated O3. In the aspen-birch community, the competitive advantage elevated CO2 initially conveyed on birch diminished over time, whereas maple was a poor competitor for soil N in all regards. The extent to which elevated CO2 and O3 will shape the genetic structure and composition of future forests is, in part, contingent on the time-dependent effects of belowground competition on plant growth response. C1 [Zak, Donald R.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resource & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Zak, Donald R.] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Kubiske, Mark E.] US Forest Serv, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Pregitzer, Kurt S.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Burton, Andrew J.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Zak, DR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resource & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM drzak@umich.edu RI Zak, Donald/C-6004-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Environmental Biology; U.S.D.A. Forest Service, North Central Experiment Station FX This work was supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Environmental Biology and by the U.S.D.A. Forest Service, North Central Experiment Station. Dave Karnosky played an integral role in the design, initiation, and implementation of this experiment; we miss him as a colleague, collaborator, and friend. Jud Isebrands, George Hendry, Richard Dickson, John Nagy, and Keith Lewin all have provided invaluable and integral contributions over the past decade of this experiment; we sincerely thank them. Courtney Campany, Sarah Eisenlord, Pat Micks, Sierra Patterson, Angela Pickett, Alaina Ritter, Alan Talhelm, Rima Upchurch, Jennifer Eikenberry, Wendy Loya and Scott Jacobsen provided assistance in the field and laboratory. Ines Ibanez and Lauren Cline provided insightful comments on a earlier draft of this article. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 18 IS 4 BP 1480 EP 1488 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02596.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 909AB UT WOS:000301533100022 ER PT J AU Merzendorfer, H Kim, HS Chaudhari, SS Kumari, M Specht, CA Butcher, S Brown, SJ Manak, JR Beeman, RW Kramer, KJ Muthukrishnan, S AF Merzendorfer, Hans Kim, Hee Shin Chaudhari, Sujata S. Kumari, Meera Specht, Charles A. Butcher, Stephen Brown, Susan J. Manak, J. Robert Beeman, Richard W. Kramer, Karl J. Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam TI Genomic and proteomic studies on the effects of the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron in the model beetle species Tribolium castaneum SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chitin; Diflubenzuron; Molting; Tribolium castaneum; Tiling array; Proteomics ID ODORANT-BINDING PROTEINS; MAJOR METABOLIC PATHWAY; STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS L; TENEBRIO-MOLITOR L; RED FLOUR BEETLE; CHITIN SYNTHESIS; PERITROPHIC MEMBRANE; BENZOYLPHENYL UREAS; CUTICLE PROTEINS; DNA-SYNTHESIS AB Several benzoylphenyl urea-derived insecticides such as diflubenzuron (DFB, Dimilin (R)) are in wide use to control various insect pests. Although this class of compounds is known to disrupt molting and to affect chitin content, their precise mode of action is still not understood. To gain a broader insight into the mechanism underlying the insecticidal effects of benzoylphenyl urea compounds, we conducted a comprehensive study with the model beetle species and stored product pest Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) utilizing genomic and proteomic approaches. DFB was added to a wheat flour-based diet at various concentrations and fed to larvae and adults. We observed abortive molting, hatching defects and reduced chitin amounts in the larval cuticle, the peritrophic matrix and eggs. Electron microscopic examination of the larval cuticle revealed major structural changes and a loss of lamellate structure of the procuticle. We used a genomic tiling array for determining relative expression levels of about 11,000 genes predicted by the GLEAN algorithm. About 6% of all predicted genes were more than 2-fold up- or down-regulated in response to DFB treatment. Genes encoding enzymes involved in chitin metabolism were unexpectedly unaffected, but many genes encoding cuticle proteins were affected. In addition, several genes presumably involved in detoxification pathways were up-regulated. Comparative 2D gel electrophoresis of proteins extracted from the midgut revealed 388 protein spots, of which 7% were significantly affected in their levels by DFB treatment as determined by laser densitometry. Mass spectrometric identification revealed that UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase and glutathione synthetase were up-regulated. In summary, the red flour beetle turned out to be a good model organism for investigating the global effects of bioactive materials such as insect growth regulators and other insecticides. The results of this study recapitulate all of the different DFB-induced symptoms in a single model insect, which have been previously found in several different insect species, and further illustrate that DFB treatment causes a wide range of effects at the molecular level. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Merzendorfer, Hans] Univ Osnabruck, Dept Biol, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. [Merzendorfer, Hans] Univ Osnabruck, Dept Chem, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. [Kim, Hee Shin; Brown, Susan J.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Merzendorfer, Hans; Chaudhari, Sujata S.; Kumari, Meera; Kramer, Karl J.; Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Specht, Charles A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Med, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. [Butcher, Stephen; Manak, J. Robert] Univ Iowa, Dept Biol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Manak, J. Robert] Univ Iowa, Dept Pediat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Beeman, Richard W.; Kramer, Karl J.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Merzendorfer, H (reprint author), Univ Osnabruck, Dept Biol, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. EM merzendorfer@biologie.uni-osnabrueck.de FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB 431, GRK 612]; National Science Foundation [IOS-0615818] FX This work was supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 431 and GRK 612) and National Science Foundation (IOS-0615818). The authors are grateful to Barb van Slyke for her help in preparing cDNA from T castaneum. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 83 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 42 IS 4 BP 264 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2011.12.008 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 910LG UT WOS:000301637600004 PM 22212827 ER PT J AU Hudson, TS Perkins, SN Hursting, SD Young, HA Kim, YS Wang, TC Wang, TTY AF Hudson, Tamaro S. Perkins, Susan N. Hursting, Stephen D. Young, Heather A. Kim, Young S. Wang, Tien-Chung Wang, Thomas T. Y. TI Inhibition of androgen-responsive LNCaP prostate cancer cell tumor xenograft growth by dietary phenethyl isothiocyanate correlates with decreased angiogenesis and inhibition of cell attachment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE angiogenesis; phenethyl isothiocyanate; prevention; prostate cancer; xenograft ID IN-VITRO; PHENYLETHYL ISOTHIOCYANATE; UNITED-STATES; CYCLE ARREST; PC-3 CELLS; EXPRESSION; APOPTOSIS; INVASION; PHYTOCHEMICALS; ADENOCARCINOMA AB Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is a candidate anticancer compound found in certain cruciferous vegetables. In our tumor cell xenograft model, dietary administration of PEITC (100-150 mg/kg body weight/d) inhibited androgen-responsive LNCaP human prostate cancer cell tumor growth. We found that dietary treatment with PEITC significantly inhibited tumor platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1/CD31) expression, a marker of angiogenesis. By contrast, we did not find the inhibitory effects of PEITC on tumor growth to be associated with alteration of specific markers for apoptosis, cell proliferation or androgen receptor-mediated pathways. Consistent with in vivo results, PEITC exerted little effects on cell proliferation, cell cycle and androgen-dependent pathways. Interestingly, PEITC significantly attenuated LNCaP cell plating efficiency that correlated with inhibition of integrin family proteins integrin beta 1, alpha 2 and alpha 6 mRNA expression. Thus, PEITC may be a dietary factor that inhibits androgen-responsive prostate tumor growth indirectly by selectively targeting factors involved in the tumor microenvironment. C1 [Wang, Thomas T. Y.] ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hudson, Tamaro S.] NCI, Lab Cellular Regulat & Carcinogenesis, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Perkins, Susan N.; Hursting, Stephen D.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Nutr Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Hursting, Stephen D.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Carcinogenesis, Smithville, TX 78957 USA. [Young, Heather A.] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Kim, Young S.] NCI, Nutr Sci Res Grp, Canc Prevent Div, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Wang, Tien-Chung] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wang, TTY (reprint author), ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, 1300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 307C,Room 132, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tom.wang@ars.usda.gov FU US [1235-51530-052-00]; National Cancer Institute; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P30ES007784]; Howard-Hopkins partnership [U54CA091431] FX This work was supported by US appropriated funding to USDA, project no. 1235-51530-052-00 (T.T.Y.W., T.-C.W.) and the National Cancer Institute (T.S.H., S.D.H., S.N.P.), Grant no. P30ES007784 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (SDH, SNP) and by U54 Howard-Hopkins partnership grant (U54CA091431, TSH). T.S.H. was supported by a National Cancer Institute Cancer Prevention Fellowship when the work was performed. The authors would like to thank Dr Diana Haines, Maureen Kennedy, and Scott Lawrence of the Pathology/Histotechnology Laboratory, SAIC-Frederick, for their assistance in immunohistochemical analysis. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPANDIDOS PUBL LTD PI ATHENS PA POB 18179, ATHENS, 116 10, GREECE SN 1019-6439 EI 1791-2423 J9 INT J ONCOL JI Int. J. Oncol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 40 IS 4 BP 1113 EP 1121 DI 10.3892/ijo.2012.1335 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 910LI UT WOS:000301637800026 PM 22266918 ER PT J AU Zunino, SJ Storms, DH Newman, JW Pedersen, TL Keen, CL Ducore, JM AF Zunino, Susan J. Storms, David H. Newman, John W. Pedersen, Theresa L. Keen, Carl L. Ducore, Jonathan M. TI Resveratrol given intraperitoneally does not inhibit the growth of high-risk t(4;11) acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells in a NOD/SCID mouse model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE t(4;11) acute lymphoblastic leukemia; resveratrol; vincristine; metabolites; NOD/SCID mice ID CANCER-CELLS; IN-VITRO; CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENT; IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY; PRECLINICAL EVALUATION; NEUROBLASTOMA-CELLS; XENOGRAFT MODELS; CYCLE ARREST; APOPTOSIS; CHILDHOOD AB The efficacy of resveratrol as a preventive agent against the growth of t(4;11) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was evaluated in NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/J mice engrafted with the human t(4;11) ALL SEM cell line. SEM cells were injected into the tail vein and engraftment was monitored by flow cytometry. Once engraftment was observed, mice were injected intraperitoneally with resveratrol (10 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or DMSO alone (control) every other day, or vincristine (0.5 mg/kg body weight) 3 times per week for 4 weeks (n=16 per group). Comparisons of the percent of human leukemia cells in blood and survival curves showed resveratrol did not inhibit progression of the disease. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses of mouse sera showed resveratrol was rapidly metabolized to glucuronidated and sulfated forms 1 h post-injection, with low to no resveratrol or metabolites observed in sera by 24-48 h. These data indicate that in contrast to findings in in vitro models, parenterally administered resveratrol does not have potential as a preventive agent against high risk 04;11) ALL. C1 [Zunino, Susan J.; Storms, David H.; Newman, John W.; Pedersen, Theresa L.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Keen, Carl L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ducore, Jonathan M.] Calif State Univ Sacramento, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Hematol Oncol Sect, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Zunino, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM susan.zunino@ars.usda.gov FU National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, USA [1R21CA122117-01] FX This study was supported by a grant from National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, USA, grant no. 1R21CA122117-01. No conflicts of interest are present for any of the authors. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPANDIDOS PUBL LTD PI ATHENS PA POB 18179, ATHENS, 116 10, GREECE SN 1019-6439 J9 INT J ONCOL JI Int. J. Oncol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 40 IS 4 BP 1277 EP 1284 DI 10.3892/ijo.2011.1316 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 910LI UT WOS:000301637800045 PM 22200740 ER PT J AU Arunyanark, A Pimratch, S Jogloy, S Wongkaew, S Vorasoot, N Akkasaeng, C Kesmala, T Patanothai, A Holbrook, CC AF Arunyanark, A. Pimratch, S. Jogloy, S. Wongkaew, S. Vorasoot, N. Akkasaeng, C. Kesmala, T. Patanothai, A. Holbrook, C. C. TI Association between aflatoxin contamination and N-2 fixation in peanut under drought conditions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE Aflatoxin contamination; Aspergillus flavus; Kernel infection; Drought tolerance; Nitrogen content; N-2 fixation ID BIOMASS PRODUCTION; LEAF-AREA; GROUNDNUT; TOLERANCE; GENOTYPES; TRAITS; IRRIGATION; RESISTANCE; DEFICIT; STRESS AB Traits related to nitrogen fixation may be used as indirect selection criteria for aflatoxin resistance in peanut. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between N-2 fixation traits and aflatoxin contamination in peanut under different drought conditions. Eleven peanut genotypes were evaluated under three water regimes for two seasons in the field. Data were observed on kernel infection by Aspergillus flavus, aflatoxin contamination, total nitrogen content, N-2 fixation and its related traits viz, nodule number, nodule dry weight and nitrogenese activity. Drought stress reduced total nitrogen content and N-2 fixation, but it increased kernel infection and aflatoxin contamination. Total nitrogen content, N-2 fixation and its related traits had negative and significant effects on kernel infection and aflatoxin contamination especially under drought conditions. In addition, negative correlations between kernel infection and aflatoxin contamination with drought tolerance index (DTI) of N-2 fixation traits were also found. The results indicated that the ability to maintain high N-2 fixation under drought conditions of peanut genotypes can result in better resistance to aflatoxin contamination. C1 [Pimratch, S.; Jogloy, S.; Vorasoot, N.; Akkasaeng, C.; Kesmala, T.; Patanothai, A.] Khon Kaen Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Sci & Agr Resources, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. [Arunyanark, A.] Kasetsart Univ, Fac Agr Kamphaeng Saen, Dept Agron, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand. [Wongkaew, S.] Suranaree Univ Technol, Inst Agr Technol, Sch Crop Prod Technol, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand. [Holbrook, C. C.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Jogloy, S (reprint author), Khon Kaen Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Sci & Agr Resources, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. EM sanun@kku.ac.th FU Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Programme; Thailand Research Fund; Khon Kaen University; commission for High Education FX The authors are grateful for the financial support of the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Programme and Grateful acknowledgement is made to the Thailand Research Fund, the commission for High Education and Khon Kaen University for providing financial supports to this research through the Distinguish Research Professor Grant of Professor Dr. Aran Patanothai. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 8 PU GORGAN UNIV AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES & NATURAL RESOURCES PI GORGAN PA GORGAN UNIV AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES & NATURAL RESOURCES, JOURNAL OFFICE, VICE-PRESIDENCY RESEARCH, GORGAN, 49138-15739, IRAN SN 1735-6814 J9 INT J PLANT PROD JI Int. J. Plant Prod. PD APR PY 2012 VL 6 IS 2 BP 161 EP 172 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 913QN UT WOS:000301892600001 ER PT J AU May, KD Wells, JE Maxwell, CV Oliver, WT AF May, K. D. Wells, J. E. Maxwell, C. V. Oliver, W. T. TI Granulated lysozyme as an alternative to antibiotics improves growth performance and small intestinal morphology of 10-day-old pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial; Campylobacter; immunoglobulin A; lysozyme; swine ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MILK REPLACER; WEANED PIGS; SUPPLEMENTATION; LACTOBACILLUS; LACTOFERRIN; MICROFLORA; SWINE; DIETS AB Lysozyme is a 1,4-beta-N-acetylmuramidase that has antimicrobial properties. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of a purified granulated lysozyme, compared with antibiotics, on growth performance, small intestinal morphology, and Campylobacter shedding in 10-d-old pigs. Forty-eight pigs (n = 16 per treatment), with an initial BW of 4.0 +/- 0.1 kg (P > 0.40), were weaned at 10 d of age, blocked by litter and sex, and assigned to pens (8 pigs/pen). Each block was randomly assigned to consume 1 of 3 liquid dietary treatments for 14 d: a control diet, the control diet + lysozyme (100 mg/kg of diet), or the control diet + antibiotics (neomycin and oxytetracycline, 16 mg/kg of diet). Pigs were weighed and blood was sampled on d 0, 7, and 14. Blood was analyzed for plasma urea N and IgA. After 14 d of treatment, pigs were killed and samples of the jejunum and ileum were collected and fixed to measure villus height and crypt depth. Rectal swabs were taken on d 0, 7, and 14 of treatment, and samples of ileal and cecal contents were taken at d 14 of treatment to determine the presence of Campylobacter. Pigs consuming lysozyme and antibiotics gained BW at a faster rate than did control pigs over the course of the study (402 +/- 12 and 422 +/- 14 g/d, respectively, vs. 364 +/- 14 g/d; P < 0.02), resulting in heavier ending BW (9.9 +/- 0.3, 9.9 +/- 0.3, and 9.0 +/- 0.2 kg for pigs in the lysozyme, antibiotic, and control groups, respectively; P < 0.03). Immunoglobulin A decreased and plasma urea N increased over the course of the study (P < 0.1), regardless of dietary treatment (P > 0.6). Crypt depth was increased in pigs fed lysozyme- and antibiotic-treated diets, compared with pigs fed the control diet, in both the jejunum (60.0 +/- 2.8 and 62.2 +/- 3.0 mu m, respectively, vs. 50.7 +/- 3.1 mu m; P < 0.03) and ileum (76.0 +/- 7.5 and 72.2 +/- 5.0 mu m, respectively, vs. 52.4 +/- 3.5 mu m; P < 0.02). Villus height did not differ in the jejunum (P > 0.2) but was increased in the ileum of pigs consuming the lysozyme-and antibiotic-treated diets, compared with pigs fed the control diet (312 +/- 20 and 314 +/- 10 mu m, respectively, vs. 263 +/- 15 mu m; P < 0.4). Small intestinal total mucosa and mucosal protein concentrations, as well as disaccharidase-specific activities, were not altered by lysozyme or antibiotics (P > 0.05). Campylobacter was detected in 27% of control samples but in only 5% of samples from pigs fed antibiotics and 8% of samples from pigs fed lysozyme (P < 0.01). Thus, granulated lysozyme is a suitable alternative to antibiotics for 10-d-old pigs consuming manufactured liquid diets. C1 [Wells, J. E.; Oliver, W. T.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [May, K. D.; Maxwell, C. V.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Oliver, WT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM William.Oliver@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 23 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 90 IS 4 BP 1118 EP U69 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4297 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 906NR UT WOS:000301352800006 PM 22064735 ER PT J AU Fricke, PM Cushman, RA AF Fricke, P. M. Cushman, R. A. TI PHYSIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: Factors controlling puberty in beef heifers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 [Fricke, P. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cushman, R. A.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Fricke, PM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM pmfricke@wisc.edu OI Fricke, Paul/0000-0002-1488-7672 FU American Society of Animal Science; Journal of Animal Science FX A symposium held at the Joint Annual Meeting, July 10 to 14, 2011, New Orleans, Louisiana, with publication sponsored by the American Society of Animal Science and the Journal of Animal Science. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 90 IS 4 BP 1150 EP U103 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-5007 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 906NR UT WOS:000301352800010 ER PT J AU Snelling, WM Cushman, RA Fortes, MRS Reverter, A Bennett, GL Keele, JW Kuehn, LA McDaneld, TG Thallman, RM Thomas, MG AF Snelling, W. M. Cushman, R. A. Fortes, M. R. S. Reverter, A. Bennett, G. L. Keele, J. W. Kuehn, L. A. McDaneld, T. G. Thallman, R. M. Thomas, M. G. TI PHYSIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: How single nucleotide polymorphism chips will advance our knowledge of factors controlling puberty and aid in selecting replacement beef females SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; fertility; genomics; puberty ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; ANTRAL FOLLICLE COUNT; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; CATTLE BREEDS; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; HEIFER PUBERTY; OVULATION RATE; ESTROUS-CYCLE AB The promise of genomic selection is accurate prediction of the genetic potential of animals from their genotypes. Simple DNA tests might replace low-accuracy predictions for expensive or lowly heritable measures of puberty and fertility based on performance and pedigree. Knowing with some certainty which DNA variants (e. g., SNP) affect puberty and fertility is the best way to fulfill the promise. Several SNP from the BovineSNP50 assay have tentatively been associated with reproductive traits including age at puberty, antral follicle count, and pregnancy observed on different sets of heifers. However, sample sizes are too small and SNP density is too sparse to definitively determine genomic regions harboring causal variants affecting reproductive success. Additionally, associations between individual SNP and similar phenotypes are inconsistent across data sets, and genomic predictions do not appear to be globally applicable to cattle of different breeds. Discrepancies may be a result of different QTL segregating in the sampled populations, differences in linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns such that the same SNP are not correlated with the same QTL, and spurious correlations with phenotype. Several approaches can be used independently or in combination to improve detection of genomic factors affecting heifer puberty and fertility. Larger samples and denser SNP will increase power to detect real associations with SNP having more consistent LD with underlying QTL. Meta-analysis combining results from different studies can also be used to effectively increase sample size. High-density genotyping with heifers pooled by pregnancy status or early and late puberty can be a cost-effective means to sample large numbers. Networks of genes, implicated by associations with multiple traits correlated with puberty and fertility, could provide insight into the complex nature of these traits, especially if corroborated by functional annotation, established gene interaction pathways, and transcript expression. Example analyses are provided to demonstrate how integrating information about gene function and regulation with statistical associations from whole-genome SNP genotyping assays might enhance knowledge of genomic mechanisms affecting puberty and fertility, enabling reliable DNA tests to guide heifer selection decisions. C1 [Snelling, W. M.; Cushman, R. A.; Bennett, G. L.; Keele, J. W.; Kuehn, L. A.; McDaneld, T. G.; Thallman, R. M.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Fortes, M. R. S.; Reverter, A.] CSIRO Livestock Ind, Queensland Biosci Precinct, Cooperat Res Ctr Beef Genet Technol, Brisbane, Qld 4067, Australia. [Fortes, M. R. S.] Univ Queensland, Sch Vet Sci, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia. [Thomas, M. G.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Snelling, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM warren.snelling@ars.usda.gov RI Fortes, Marina/G-2302-2012; Reverter, Antonio/C-9699-2013 OI Fortes, Marina/0000-0002-7254-1960; FU American Society of Animal Science; Agriculture and Food Research Initiative from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture; CSIRO-Australia; Gerald Thomas Chair endowment of New Mexico State University; New Mexico Agric. Exp. Stn. [216391]; University of Queensland-UQRS scholarship FX Based on a presentation at the Physiology and Endocrinology Symposium, "Factors controlling puberty in beef heifers" at the Joint Annual Meeting, July 10 to 14, 2011, New Orleans, Louisiana, with publication sponsored by the American Society of Animal Science and the Journal of Animal Science.; Financial support was provided by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative grant number 2008-35205-18751 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, McMaster Fellowship of CSIRO-Australia, Gerald Thomas Chair endowment of New Mexico State University, New Mexico Agric. Exp. Stn. Project (Hatch #216391), and University of Queensland-UQRS scholarship. Collaborations fostered by CRC for Beef Genetic Technologies-Australia (H. Burrow). Authors acknowledge Camp Cooley Ranch (Franklin, TX) for supplying DNA and phenotypes. The authors thank G. Hays and the USMARC cattle operations staff for animal care and data recording. NR 104 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 90 IS 4 BP 1152 EP U119 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4581 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 906NR UT WOS:000301352800011 PM 22038989 ER PT J AU Funston, RN Martin, JL Larson, DM Roberts, AJ AF Funston, R. N. Martin, J. L. Larson, D. M. Roberts, A. J. TI PHYSIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: Nutritional aspects of developing replacement heifers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; heifer development; target body weight ID BEEF HEIFERS; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; DEVELOPMENT SYSTEMS; BREEDING-SEASON; PUBERTY; GROWTH; WEIGHT; GAIN; CATTLE; FEED AB Studies in numerous species provide evidence that diet during development can mediate physiological changes necessary for puberty. In cattle, several studies have reported inverse correlations between postweaning growth rate and age at puberty and heifer pregnancy rates. Thus, postweaning growth rate was determined to be an important factor affecting age of puberty, which in turn influences pregnancy rates. This and other research conducted during the late 1960s through the early 1980s indicated puberty occurs at a genetically predetermined size, and only when heifers reach their target BW can increased pregnancy rates be obtained. Guidelines were established indicating replacement heifers should achieve 60 to 65% of their expected mature BW by breeding. Traditional approaches for postweaning development of replacement heifers used during the last several decades have primarily focused on feeding heifers to achieve or exceed an appropriate target BW and thereby maximize heifer pregnancy rates. Intensive heifer development systems may maximize pregnancy rates, but not necessarily optimize profit or sustainability. Since inception of target BW guidelines, subsequent research demonstrated that the growth pattern heifers experience before achieving a critical target BW could be varied. Altering rate and timing of BW gain can result in compensatory growth periods, providing an opportunity to decrease feed costs. Recent research has demonstrated that feeding replacement heifers to traditional target BW increased development costs without improving reproduction or subsequent calf production relative to development systems in which heifers were developed to lighter target BW ranging from 50 to 57% of mature BW. C1 [Funston, R. N.; Martin, J. L.; Larson, D. M.] Univ Nebraska, W Cent Res & Extens Ctr, N Platte, NE 69101 USA. [Roberts, A. J.] ARS, USDA, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Funston, RN (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, W Cent Res & Extens Ctr, N Platte, NE 69101 USA. EM rfunston2@unl.edu FU American Society of Animal Science; Journal of Animal Science FX Based on a presentation at the Physiology and Endocrinology Symposium titled "Factors Controlling Puberty in Beef Heifers" at the Joint Annual Meeting, July 10 to 14, 2011, New Orleans, Louisiana, with publication sponsored by the American Society of Animal Science and the Journal of Animal Science. NR 37 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 90 IS 4 BP 1166 EP U127 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4569 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 906NR UT WOS:000301352800012 PM 21965447 ER PT J AU Anderson, PV Kerr, BJ Weber, TE Ziemer, CJ Shurson, GC AF Anderson, P. V. Kerr, B. J. Weber, T. E. Ziemer, C. J. Shurson, G. C. TI Determination and prediction of digestible and metabolizable energy from chemical analysis of corn coproducts fed to finishing pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE corn coproduct; digestible energy; ingredient analysis; metabolizable energy; pig; prediction equation ID DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; AMINO-ACID DIGESTIBILITY; GROWING-PIGS; ADULT SOWS; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; DIETARY FIBER; 10 SAMPLES; BONE MEAL; SOLUBLES; VARIABILITY AB Twenty corn coproducts from various wet-and dry-grind ethanol plants were fed to finishing pigs to determine DE and ME and to generate equations predicting DE and ME based on chemical analysis. A basal diet comprised corn (97.05%), limestone, dicalcium phosphate, salt, vitamins, and trace minerals. Twenty test diets were formulated by mixing the basal diet with 30% of a coproduct, except for dried corn solubles and corn oil, which were included at 20 and 10%, respectively. There were 8 groups of 24 finishing gilts (n = 192; BW = 112.7 +/- 7.9 kg). Within each group, gilts were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 test diets or the basal diet for a total of 4 replications per diet per group. Two groups of gilts were used for each set of coproducts, resulting in 8 replications per coproduct and 32 replications of the basal diet. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design. Gilts were placed in metabolism crates and offered 3 kg daily of their assigned test diet for 13 d, with total collection of feces and urine during the last 4 d. Ingredients were analyzed for DM, GE, CP, ether extract, crude fiber, NDF, ADF, total dietary fiber (TDF), ash, AA, and minerals, and in vitro OM digestibility was calculated for each ingredient. The GE was determined in the diets, feces, and urine to calculate DE and ME for each ingredient. The DE and ME of the basal diet were used as covariates among groups of pigs. The DE of the coproducts ranged from 2,517 kcal/kg of DM (corn gluten feed) to 8,988 kcal/kg of DM (corn oil), and ME ranged from 2,334 kcal/kg of DM (corn gluten feed) to 8,755 kcal/kg of DM (corn oil). By excluding corn oil and corn starch from the stepwise regression analysis, a series of DE and ME prediction equations were generated. The best fit equations were as follows: DE, kcal/kg of DM = -7,471 + (1.94 x GE) -(50.91 x ether extract) + (15.20 x total starch) + (18.04 x OM digestibility), with R-2 = 0.90, SE = 227, and P < 0.01; ME, kcal/kg of DM = (0.90 x GE) -(29.95 x TDF), with R-2 = 0.72, SE = 323, and P < 0.01. Additional equations for DE and ME included NDF in the instance that TDF data were not available. These results indicate that DE and ME varied substantially among corn coproducts and that various nutritional components can be used to accurately predict DE and ME in corn coproducts for finishing pigs. C1 [Kerr, B. J.; Weber, T. E.; Ziemer, C. J.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Anderson, P. V.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Shurson, G. C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kerr, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM brian.kerr@ars.usda.gov FU National Pork Board [08-107] FX Supported in part by National Pork Board grant number 08-107. The authors acknowledge the assistance of H. Tyler and L. Timms (Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames). The authors are thankful for help from J. Cook, E. Conrad, K. Hard, T. Wolfswinkle, T. Huenink, C. Olsen, J. Johnson, B. Jacobs, A. Hoffman, and staff at the Iowa State University Swine Nutrition Farm (Ames). Mention of a trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the USDA or the University of Minnesota and does not imply approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 47 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 90 IS 4 BP 1242 EP U228 DI 10.2527/jas.2010-3605 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 906NR UT WOS:000301352800021 PM 22147488 ER PT J AU Quant, AD Lindemann, MD Kerr, BJ Payne, RL Cromwell, GL AF Quant, A. D. Lindemann, M. D. Kerr, B. J. Payne, R. L. Cromwell, G. L. TI Standardized ileal digestible tryptophan-to-lysine ratios in growing pigs fed corn-based and non-corn-based diets SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE lysine; pig; tryptophan; tryptophan:lysine ID AMINO-ACID PATTERN; SUPPLEMENTATION; REQUIREMENT; BARROWS AB Two 21-d experiments were conducted to determine the optimum standardized ileal digestible (SID) Trp:Lys in growing pigs fed corn-based diets compared with non-corn-based diets. The primary response variables in both experiments were ADG and plasma urea N (PUN) concentrations with the optimum SID Trp: Lys determined using broken-line analysis. Experiment 1 evaluated the optimum SID Trp: Lys in growing pigs fed corn-based diets consisting primarily of corn with minor inclusion of Canadian field peas and corn gluten meal to keep the SID Trp: Lys low. This experiment used 120 crossbred pigs (initial BW: 25.73 +/- 2.46 kg) that were blocked by sex and initial BW and allotted to 5 SID Trp: Lys with 5 pens each for the first 4 treatments and 4 pens for the last treatment and 5 pigs/pen. Diets were formulated by the addition of supplemental Trp to create various SID Trp: Lys (12.77, 14.07, 15.50, 16.91, and 17.94%) with a constant SID Lys of 0.66%, which was determined to be 83% of the Lys requirement for pigs at this location. As the SID Trp: Lys increased from 12.77 to 17.94%, ADG increased (0.562, 0.648, 0.788, 0.787, and 0.815 kg/d) linearly (P < 0.001) and quadratically (P = 0.009), resulting in an optimum SID Trp: Lys of 15.73% (P < 0.001). Plasma urea N decreased (10.43, 9.30, 8.21, 8.55, and 9.25 mg/dL) linearly (P = 0.069) and quadratically (P = 0.015), resulting in an optimum SID Trp: Lys of 15.83% (P = 0.007). Experiment 2 evaluated the optimum SID Trp: Lys in growing pigs fed non-corn-based diets consisting primarily of barley and Canadian field peas, with smaller proportions of corn and wheat. Experiment 2 used 120 crossbred pigs (initial BW: 28.49 +/- 2.92 kg) that were allotted to 5 increasing SID Trp: Lys (13.05, 14.32, 15.59, 16.85, and 18.11%; 0.66% SID Lys) in the same manner as Exp. 1. As SID Trp: Lys increased in Exp. 2, ADG increased linearly (P = 0.007) with the optimum SID Trp: Lys of 15.99% (P = 0.048). Plasma urea N concentrations decreased linearly (P = 0.056) and quadratically (P = 0.067) as SID Trp: Lys increased, resulting in an optimum SID Trp: Lys of 15.29% (P = 0.009). Averaging the break point values for ADG and PUN obtained from broken-line analysis for Exp. 1 and 2 produced optimum SID Trp: Lys of 15.78 and 15.64%, respectively. Based on the results from these 2 experiments, it seems that the optimum SID Trp: Lys is virtually unaffected by the dietary feedstuffs used as long as the diets are formulated on an SID AA basis. C1 [Quant, A. D.; Lindemann, M. D.; Cromwell, G. L.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Kerr, B. J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Payne, R. L.] Evonik Degussa Corp, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. RP Lindemann, MD (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM merlin.lindemann@uky.edu FU Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station (Lexington) FX This manuscript is based on research supported in part by the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station (Lexington), and it is published by the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station as paper number 11-07-054. Mention of a trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the USDA or the University of Kentucky and does not imply approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 90 IS 4 BP 1270 EP U259 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4537 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 906NR UT WOS:000301352800024 PM 22079994 ER PT J AU Rempel, LA Casas, E Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL AF Rempel, L. A. Casas, E. Shackelford, S. D. Wheeler, T. L. TI Relationship of polymorphisms within metabolic genes and carcass traits in crossbred beef cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carcass trait; cattle; cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript gene; DNA-protein kinase gene; fat mass and obesity-associated gene; fatty acid synthase gene ID FATTY-ACID-SYNTHASE; MEAT QUALITY TRAITS; FTO GENE; LONGISSIMUS PALATABILITY; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; JAPANESE BLACK; BOVINE COCAINE; BOS-TAURUS; DNA-PK; GROWTH AB Feed intake has been shown to alter neurological signaling related to feeding behavior and subsequent activation of adipogenic mechanisms. Fat characteristics are pivotal for carcass and meat quality, including marbling score, flavor, and tenderness. The objective of this study was to establish the association of SNP, from genes functionally related to fat metabolism and obesity, with growth, fat, and carcass traits in steers. A total of 33 informative SNP from candidate genes [cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), DNA-protein kinase (DNA-PK), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and fat mass and obesity associated (FTO)] were used to genotype crossbred steers (n = 620), and associations with growth and carcass traits were assessed. Five markers within the DNA-PK gene were associated (P < 0.05) with fat thickness. One of these SNP was also associated (P < 0.05) with percent choice, yield grade, and retail product yield. Additionally, 2 unique DNA-PK SNP were associated (P < 0.05) with marbling score. Three haplotypes were observed using these SNP and were significantly (P = 0.0014) associated with marbling score. Slaughter weight, ADG, and HCW were associated (P < 0.05) with SNP from CART, FTO, and FASN. Data from this study indicate that polymorphisms within candidate genes have an indirect relationship with lipogenesis. Replication of these results within other populations will be necessary to establish if these markers will be successful as predictors of fatness components and carcass traits in cattle. C1 [Rempel, L. A.; Casas, E.; Shackelford, S. D.; Wheeler, T. L.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Rempel, LA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Lea.Rempel@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 90 IS 4 BP 1311 EP U304 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4302 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 906NR UT WOS:000301352800028 PM 22100592 ER PT J AU Lee, C Hristov, AN Dell, CJ Feyereisen, GW Kaye, J Beegle, D AF Lee, C. Hristov, A. N. Dell, C. J. Feyereisen, G. W. Kaye, J. Beegle, D. TI Effect of dietary protein concentration on ammonia and greenhouse gas emitting potential of dairy manure SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ammonia; greenhouse gas; dairy manure ID NITROUS-OXIDE; CRUDE PROTEIN; SWINE MANURE; EMISSIONS; COWS; CATTLE; EXCRETION; MANIPULATION; METHANE; STORAGE AB Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary crude protein concentration on ammonia (NH3) and greenhouse gas (GHG; nitrous oxide, methane, and carbon dioxide) emissions from fresh dairy cow manure incubated in a controlled environment (experiment 1) and from manure-amended soil (experiment 2). Manure was prepared from feces and urine collected from lactating Holstein cows fed diets with 16.7% (DM basis; HCP) or 14.8% CP (LCP). High-CP manure had higher N content and proportion of NH3- and urea-N in total manure N than LCP manure (DM basis: 4.4 vs. 2.8% and 51.4 vs. 30.5%, respectively). In experiment 1, NH3 emitting potential (EP) was greater for HCP compared with LCP manure (9.20 vs. 4.88 mg/m(2) per min, respectively). The 122-h cumulative NH3 emission tended to be decreased 47% (P = 0.09) using LCP compared with HCP manure. The EP and cumulative emissions of GHG were not different between HCP and LCP manure. In experiment 2, urine and feces from cows fed LCP or HCP diets were mixed and immediately applied to lysimeters (61 x 61 x 61cm; Hagerstown silt loam; fine, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf) at 277 kg of N/ha application rate. The average NH3 EP (1.53 vs. 1.03 mg/m(2) per min, respectively) and the area under the EP curve were greater for lysimeters amended with HCP than with LCP manure. The largest difference in the NH3 EP occurred approximately 24 11 after manure application (approximately 3.5 times greater for HCP than LCP manure). The 100-h cumulative NH3 emission was 98% greater for HCP compared with LCP manure (7,415 vs. 3,745 mg/m(2), respectively). The EP of methane was increased and that of carbon dioxide tended to be increased by LCP compared with HOP manure. The cumulative methane emission was not different between treatments, whereas the cumulative carbon dioxide emission was increased with manure from the LCP diet. Nitrous oxide emissions were low in this experiment and did not differ between treatments. In the conditions of these experiments, fresh manure from dairy cows fed a LCP diet had substantially lower NH3 EP, compared with manure from cows fed a HOP diet. The LCP manure increased soil methane EP due to a larger mass of manure added to meet plant N requirements compared with HOP manure. These results represent effects of dietary protein on NH3 and GHG EP of manure in controlled laboratory conditions and do not account for environmental factors affecting gaseous emissions from manure on the farm. C1 [Lee, C.; Hristov, A. N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kaye, J.; Beegle, D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Dell, C. J.] USDA ARS PSWMRU, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Feyereisen, G. W.] USDA ARS SWMRU, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Hristov, AN (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM anh13@psu.edu NR 46 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 95 IS 4 BP 1930 EP 1941 DI 10.3168/jds.2010-4141 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 913NW UT WOS:000301885700034 PM 22459840 ER PT J AU Hall, MB Mertens, DR AF Hall, M. B. Mertens, D. R. TI A ring test of in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility: Analytical variability and sample ranking SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fiber; digestibility; rumen; in vitro ID FORAGE AB In vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility (NDFD) is an empirical measurement of fiber fermentability by rumen microbes. Variation is inherent in all assays and may be increased as multiple steps or differing procedures are used to assess an empirical measure. The main objective of this study was to evaluate variability within and among laboratories of 30-h NDFD values analyzed in repeated runs. Subsamples of alfalfa (n = 4), corn forage (n = 5), and grass (n = 5) ground to pass a 6-mm screen passed a test for homogeneity. The 14 samples were sent to 10 laboratories on 3 occasions over 12 mo. Laboratories ground the samples and ran 1 to 3 replicates of each sample within fermentation run and analyzed 2 or 3 sets of samples. Laboratories used 1 of 2 NDFD procedures: 8 labs used procedures related to the 1970 Goering and Van Soest (GVS) procedure using fermentation vessels or filter bags, and 2 used a procedure with preincubated inoculum (PInc). Means and standard deviations (SD) of sample replicates within run within laboratory (lab) were evaluated with a statistical model that included lab, run within lab, sample, and lab x sample interaction as factors. All factors affected mean values for 30-h NDFD. The lab x sample effect suggests against a simple lab bias in mean values. The SD ranged from 0.49 to 3.37% NDFD and were influenced by lab and run within lab. The GVS procedure gave greater NDFD values than PInc, with an average difference across all samples of 17% NDFD. Because of the differences between GVS and PInc, we recommend using results in contexts appropriate to each procedure. The 95% probability limits for within-lab repeatability and among-lab reproducibility for GVS mean values were 10.2 and 13.4%, respectively. These percentages describe the span of the range around the mean into which 95% of analytical results for a sample fall for values generated within a lab and among labs. This degree of precision was supported in that the average maximum difference between samples that were not declared different by means separation was 4.4% NDFD. Although the values did not have great precision, GVS labs were able to reliably rank sample data in order of 30-h NDFD (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.93) with 80% of the rankings correct or off by only 1 ranking. A relative ranking system for NDFD could reduce the effect of within- and among-lab variation in numeric values. Such a system could give a more accurate portrayal of the comparative values of samples than current numeric values imply. C1 [Hall, M. B.; Mertens, D. R.] ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hall, MB (reprint author), ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM marybeth.hall@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 95 IS 4 BP 1992 EP 2003 DI 10.3168/jds.2011-4802 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 913NW UT WOS:000301885700039 PM 22459845 ER PT J AU Soza, VL Brunet, J Liston, A Smith, PS Di Stilio, VS AF Soza, Valerie L. Brunet, Johanne Liston, Aaron Smith, Patricia Salles Di Stilio, Veronica S. TI Phylogenetic insights into the correlates of dioecy in meadow-rues (Thalictrum, Ranunculaceae) SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Dioecy; ITS; Monoecy; rp116; Thalictrum; Wind pollination ID NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA; NONCODING CHLOROPLAST DNA; BREEDING SYSTEMS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; UNISEXUAL FLOWERS; WIND POLLINATION; SEED PLANTS; EVOLUTIONARY PATHWAYS; GENDER DIMORPHISM; LEVEL PHYLOGENY AB Numerous studies have examined the evolution of sexual systems in angiosperms, but few explore the interaction between these and the evolution of pollination mode. Wind pollination is often associated with unisexual flowers, but which evolved first and played a causative role in the evolution of the other is unclear. Thalictrum, meadow-rues (Ranunculaceae), provides a unique opportunity to study the evolution of these traits because it contains insect and wind pollination and four sexual systems. We used a phylogenetic approach to reconstruct ancestral states for sexual system, pollination mode, and geographic distribution in Thalictrum, and tested for correlations to uncover the factors involved in the evolution of unisexuality and wind pollination. Our results show that dioecy, andro- and gynomonoecy evolved at least twice from hermaphroditism. Wind pollination, unisexual flowers, and New World distribution were all significantly correlated. Wind pollination may have evolved early in the genus, followed by multiple losses and gains, and likely preceded the origin of unisexual flowers in several cases; we found no evidence for unisexual flowers evolving prior to wind pollination. Given a broad scale study showing the evolution of dioecy before wind pollination, our results from a finer scale analysis highlight that different evolutionary pathways are likely to occur throughout angiosperms. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Soza, Valerie L.; Smith, Patricia Salles; Di Stilio, Veronica S.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Brunet, Johanne] Univ Wisconsin, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Vegetable Crops Res Unit,Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Liston, Aaron] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Di Stilio, VS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM distilio@u.washington.edu OI Di Stilio, Veronica/0000-0002-6921-3018 FU National Science Foundation [IOS-RIG 0818836]; Fred C. Gloeckner Foundation Inc.; OSU Research Foundation; OSU FX The authors thank Claudia Calderon, Ryan Hibbs, and Tawnya Thorsen for lab assistance; Scott Hodges for sequence data; Keith Karoly for unpublished data; Leonardo Galetto for field observations and tissue samples for T. decipiens; Dan Hinkley and Peter Raven for providing information on the genus; Jennifer Ceska, David Dixon, Henry Kesner, Richard Ree, Montreal Botanical Garden, and University of California Botanical Garden at Berkeley for tissue samples; Lesley Blancas, David Gernandt, and Sol Ortiz for assistance in field collection of samples; and anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on an earlier version of this paper. This research was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (IOS-RIG 0818836) and Fred C. Gloeckner Foundation Inc. to V.S.D., from OSU Research Foundation to J.B., and from OSU International Programs to A.L. NR 114 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 46 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 63 IS 1 BP 180 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.01.009 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 908EL UT WOS:000301473100015 PM 22289865 ER PT J AU Kropf, SM Putnam, ML Serdani, M Twomey, MC Woods, JL Gent, DH AF Kropf, S. M. Putnam, M. L. Serdani, M. Twomey, M. C. Woods, J. L. Gent, D. H. TI Sclerotinia Wilt of Hop (Humulus lupulus) Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the Pacific Northwest United States SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID STEM; ROT C1 [Kropf, S. M.; Putnam, M. L.; Serdani, M.; Twomey, M. C.; Gent, D. H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Woods, J. L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gent, D. H.] ARS, USDA, Forage Seed & Cereal Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kropf, SM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2012 VL 96 IS 4 BP 583 EP 583 DI 10.1094/PDIS-12-11-1039 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 911YD UT WOS:000301759700020 ER PT J AU Schroeder, KL Paulitz, TC AF Schroeder, K. L. Paulitz, T. C. TI First Report of Root Rot Caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-10 on Canola in Washington State SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Schroeder, K. L.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Paulitz, T. C.] ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Schroeder, KL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2012 VL 96 IS 4 BP 584 EP 584 DI 10.1094/PDIS-09-11-0809-PDN PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 911YD UT WOS:000301759700022 ER PT J AU Jones, RW Perez, FG AF Jones, R. W. Perez, F. G. TI First Report of Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum acutatum on Tamarillo in the United States. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Jones, R. W.; Perez, F. G.] USDA ARS, GIFVL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jones, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, GIFVL, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2012 VL 96 IS 4 BP 587 EP 587 DI 10.1094/PDIS-09-11-0765 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 911YD UT WOS:000301759700031 ER PT J AU Pretorius, ZA Szabo, LJ Boshoff, WHP Herselman, L Visser, B AF Pretorius, Z. A. Szabo, L. J. Boshoff, W. H. P. Herselman, L. Visser, B. TI First Report of a New TTKSF Race of Wheat Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp tritici) in South Africa and Zimbabwe. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID UG99 C1 [Pretorius, Z. A.; Herselman, L.; Visser, B.] Univ Orange Free State, Dept Plant Sci, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa. [Szabo, L. J.] Univ Minnesota, Cereal Dis Lab, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Pretorius, ZA (reprint author), Univ Orange Free State, Dept Plant Sci, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa. NR 4 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2012 VL 96 IS 4 BP 590 EP 590 DI 10.1094/PDIS-12-11-1027-PDN PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 911YD UT WOS:000301759700037 ER PT J AU Schroeder, KL Paulitz, TC AF Schroeder, K. L. Paulitz, T. C. TI First Report of a Ceratobasidium sp Causing Root Rot on Canola in Washington State. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI C1 [Schroeder, K. L.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Paulitz, T. C.] USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Schroeder, KL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2012 VL 96 IS 4 BP 591 EP 591 DI 10.1094/PDIS-12-11-1038-PDN PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 911YD UT WOS:000301759700040 ER PT J AU Vargas, M Loyola, C Zapata, N Rivera, V Secor, G Bolton, M France, A AF Vargas, M. Loyola, C. Zapata, N. Rivera, V. Secor, G. Bolton, M. France, A. TI First Report of Root Rot of Chicory Caused by Phytophthora cryptogea in Chile. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Vargas, M.; Loyola, C.; Zapata, N.] Univ Concepcion, Fac Agron, Chillan, Chile. [Rivera, V.; Secor, G.] N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Bolton, M.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [France, A.] Inst Invest Agr, Chillan, Chile. RP Vargas, M (reprint author), Univ Concepcion, Fac Agron, Chillan, Chile. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2012 VL 96 IS 4 BP 591 EP 591 DI 10.1094/PDIS-03-11-0245 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 911YD UT WOS:000301759700041 ER PT J AU Carter, AH Garland-Campbell, K Morris, CF Kidwell, KK AF Carter, A. H. Garland-Campbell, K. Morris, C. F. Kidwell, K. K. TI Chromosomes 3B and 4D are associated with several milling and baking quality traits in a soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) population SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SOLVENT RETENTION CAPACITY; RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES; BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE; GRAIN HARDNESS; MOLECULAR-GENETICS; KERNEL HARDNESS; PROTEIN-CONTENT; BREAD WHEAT; GENES; LOCI AB Wheat is marketed based on end-use quality characteristics and better knowledge of the underlying genetics of specific quality parameters is essential to enhance the breeding process. A set of 188 recombinant inbred lines from a 'Louise' by 'Penawawa' mapping population was grown in two crop years at two locations in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States and data were collected on 17 end-use quality traits using established quality analysis protocols. Using an established genetic linkage map, composite interval mapping was used to identify QTL associated with 16 of the 17 quality traits. QTL were found on 13 of the 21 wheat chromosomes. A large number of QTL were located on chromosomes 3B and 4D and coincided with traits for milling quality and starch functionality. Chromosome 3B contained 10 QTL, which were localized to a 26.2 cM region. Chromosome 4D contained 7 QTL, all of which were located on an 18.8 cM region of this chromosome. The majority of the alleles for superior end-use quality were associated with the cultivar Louise. The identified QTL detected remained highly significant independent of grain yield and protein quantity. The identification of these QTL for end-use quality gives key insight into the relationship and complexity of end-use quality traits. It also improves our understanding of these relationships, thereby allowing plant breeders to make valuable gains from selection for these important traits. C1 [Carter, A. H.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Garland-Campbell, K.] ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Morris, C. F.] ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Kidwell, K. K.] Washington State Univ, Coll Agr Human & Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Carter, AH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM ahcarter@wsu.edu FU National Research Initiative of USDA's Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, CAP [2006-55606-16629]; National Research Initiative from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, and Washington State University [2011-68002-30029] FX This research was supported by the National Research Initiative of USDA's Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, CAP Grant No. 2006-55606-16629, the National Research Initiative Competitive Grants CAP project 2011-68002-30029 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, and Washington State University. We appreciate the technical assistance of the USDA Western Wheat Quality Laboratory for analysis of grain samples for end-use quality traits. NR 61 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD APR PY 2012 VL 124 IS 6 BP 1079 EP 1096 DI 10.1007/s00122-011-1770-x PG 18 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 912FN UT WOS:000301780200010 PM 22186959 ER PT J AU Reeves, PA Panella, LW Richards, CM AF Reeves, Patrick A. Panella, Lee W. Richards, Christopher M. TI Retention of agronomically important variation in germplasm core collections: implications for allele mining SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR POPULATION-GENETICS; EWENS SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION; BEET BETA-VULGARIS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; RESISTANCE GENE; SPECIES CONCEPT; SUBDIVIDED POPULATIONS; DIRECTIONAL SELECTION; ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; DISEASE RESISTANCE AB The primary targets of allele mining efforts are loci of agronomic importance. Agronomic loci typically exhibit patterns of allelic diversity that are consistent with a history of natural or artificial selection. Natural or artificial selection causes the distribution of genetic diversity at such loci to deviate substantially from the pattern found at neutral loci. The germplasm utilized for allele mining should contain maximum allelic variation at loci of interest, in the smallest possible number of samples. We show that the popular core collection assembly procedure "M" (marker allele richness), which leverages variation at neutral loci, performs worse than random assembly for retaining variation at a locus of agronomic importance in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris) that is under selection. We present a corrected procedure ("M+") that outperforms M. An extensive coalescent simulation was performed to demonstrate more generally the retention of neutral versus selected allelic variation in core subsets assembled with M+. A negative correlation in level of allelic diversity between neutral and selected loci was observed in 42% of simulated data sets. When core collection assembly is guided by neutral marker loci, as is the current common practice, enhanced allelic variation at agronomically important loci should not necessarily be expected. C1 [Reeves, Patrick A.; Richards, Christopher M.] ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Panella, Lee W.] ARS, No Plains Area Sugarbeet Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Reeves, PA (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, USDA, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM pat.reeves@ars.usda.gov RI Richards, Christopher/A-8328-2013; OI Richards, Christopher/0000-0002-9978-6079; Reeves, Patrick/0000-0001-9991-1397 NR 94 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD APR PY 2012 VL 124 IS 6 BP 1155 EP 1171 DI 10.1007/s00122-011-1776-4 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 912FN UT WOS:000301780200015 PM 22228243 ER PT J AU Nelson, CD Rousseau, RJ Adams, JP Yuceer, MC AF Nelson, C. Dana Rousseau, Randall J. Adams, Joshua P. Yuceer, M. Cetin TI Report on the 31st Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference (SFTIC) SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE Forest genetics; Tree improvement; Genomics; Biotechnology; Cellulosic biofuels AB The 31st Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference was held 14-16 June 2011 in Biloxi, MS, USA. This marks 60 years of biennial technical conferences supported by the Southern Forest Tree Improvement Committee. The theme of the conference was tree improvement opportunities and challenges in the economy emerging around cellulosic biomass, bioproducts, and biofuels. Invited speakers from the industry, academia, and government challenged scientists and students to employ robust technologies for developing and deploying improved trees for the emerging biomass markets as well as for the existing forest products markets. Opportunities for integrating genomics into breeding and selection programs and somatic embryogenesis into deployment practices look promising for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda); the main industrial forest tree in the southeastern USA. Advances in enabling technologies such as DNA sequencing and genotyping open new opportunities for accelerating and achieving tree improvement in all forest tree species. Of the 109 attendees, 47 were first time conference participants and 27 were students, an encouraging sign for the future of forest genetics and tree improvement. C1 [Nelson, C. Dana] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. [Rousseau, Randall J.; Adams, Joshua P.; Yuceer, M. Cetin] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Nelson, CD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. EM dananelson@fs.fed.us FU NIFA-AFRI [2011-68005-30404] FX We thank our scientific program committee members (Paul Belonger, Amy Brunner, Tom Byram, Barbara Crane, Matias Kirst, Greg Powell, Scott Schlarbaum, and Brian Stanton), session moderators (John Adams, Paul Belonger Amy Brunner, Richard Bryant, Tom Byram, John Davis, Steve McKeand, Greg Powell, and Scott Schlarbaum), and award-judging panels for their dedicated service and our conference organizing consultant Dixie Cartright for her hard work and keen sense of humoring us over the past several months. The North American Quantitative Forest Genetics Workshop was organized by Fikret Isik, North Carolina State University. The 31st SFTIC was partially funded by a NIFA-AFRI grant (2011-68005-30404) awarded to C. Yuceer, R. Rousseau, and C.D. Nelson. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD APR PY 2012 VL 8 IS 2 BP 439 EP 441 DI 10.1007/s11295-011-0454-7 PG 3 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 913BQ UT WOS:000301846800019 ER PT J AU Lindholm-Perry, AK Kuehn, LA Smith, TPL Ferrell, CL Jenkins, TG Freetly, HC Snelling, WM AF Lindholm-Perry, A. K. Kuehn, L. A. Smith, T. P. L. Ferrell, C. L. Jenkins, T. G. Freetly, H. C. Snelling, W. M. TI A region on BTA14 that includes the positional candidate genes LYPLA1, XKR4 and TMEM68 is associated with feed intake and growth phenotypes in cattle SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Cattle; feed intake; growth; lysophospholipase 1; transmembrane protein 68; XKR4 AB Feed cost for beef cattle is the largest expense incurred by cattle producers. The development of genetic markers to enhance selection of more efficient animals that require less feed while still achieving acceptable levels of production has the potential to substantially reduce production costs. A genome-wide marker association approach based on the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip (TM) was used to identify genomic regions affecting average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and residual feed intake traits in a population of 1159 crossbred steers. This approach identified a region on BTA14 from 22.02 to 23.92 Mb containing several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have significant association with at least one of the traits. Two genes in this region, lysophospholipase 1 (LYPLA1) and transmembrane protein 68 (TMEM68), appeared to be logical positional and functional candidate genes. LYPLA1 deacylates ghrelin, a hormone involved in the regulation of appetite in the rat stomach, while TMEM68 is expressed in bovine rumen, abomasum, intestine and adipose tissue in cattle, and likely affects lipid biosynthetic processes. SNPs lying in or near these two genes were identified by sequencing a subset of animals with extreme phenotypes. A total of 55 SNPs were genotyped and tested for association with the same population of steers. After correction for multiple testing, five markers within 22.7922.84 Mb, located downstream of TMEM68, and between TMEM68 and the neighbouring gene XKR4, were significant for both ADFI and ADG. Genetic markers predictive of feed intake and weight gain phenotypes in this population of cattle may be useful for the identification and selection of animals that consume less feed, although further evaluation of these markers for effects on other production traits and validation in additional populations will be required. C1 [Lindholm-Perry, A. K.; Kuehn, L. A.; Smith, T. P. L.; Ferrell, C. L.; Jenkins, T. G.; Freetly, H. C.; Snelling, W. M.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Lindholm-Perry, AK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. EM Amanda.Lindholm@ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2012 VL 43 IS 2 BP 216 EP 219 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02232.x PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 904UG UT WOS:000301222800012 PM 22404358 ER PT J AU Mousel, MR Leymaster, KA Christenson, RK Nonneman, DJ Rohrer, GA AF Mousel, M. R. Leymaster, K. A. Christenson, R. K. Nonneman, D. J. Rohrer, G. A. TI Validation and fine mapping of a QTL for ovulation rate on swine chromosome 3 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE ovulation rate; porcine; QTL ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; HAPLOTYPE RECONSTRUCTION; LITTER SIZE; PIG; POPULATION; IDENTIFICATION; INTERCROSS; MUTATION; MUSCLE AB Ovulation rate (OR) is an important component of litter size, but mutation(s) in gene(s) underlying OR QTL have yet to be identified in pigs. Markers within an OR QTL on SSC3 were genotyped in three white composite lines selected for ten generations for increased OR or uterine capacity (UC), with one line being an unselected control. Numbers of corpora lutea (CL) and UC (number of fully formed fetuses) were collected at approximately 105 days of gestation, as well as ovary weight (OW), uterine length (UL) and uterine weight (UW) measurements at 160 d of age in generation 12 and 13 females from all three lines. Six microsatellites and ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; 042 cM) were genotyped in pigs from all lines of generations 11 through 13. The allele frequencies of 24269.1, SW2429, 7907.2 and 7637.2 were different (P < 0.01) in the OR line compared to the control line. A significant (P < 0.05) association of CL with 24269.1 (additive effect 0.65 +/- 0.32) was detected, and additive genotypic effects approached significance for markers at 28 through 35 cM (16963.2, 27514.1 and SWR1637). Haplotyping of 7637.2 and 16963.2 (31 through 32 cM) identified a significant additive association of haplotype 1 with CL (-0.62 +/- 0.30). These markers were also associated with OW (24296.1 and SWR1637), UL (16963.2, 27514.1 and haplotypes of 7637.2/16963.2) and UW (haplotypes of 7637.2/16963.2). This study verifies an OR QTL on SSC3. However, based on the data, it was concluded that there may be two genes, at 13 through 18 cM and 28 through 35 cM, controlling OR on SSC3p. C1 [Mousel, M. R.; Leymaster, K. A.; Christenson, R. K.; Nonneman, D. J.; Rohrer, G. A.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Rohrer, GA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM gary.rohrer@ars.usda.gov OI Mousel, Michelle/0000-0003-1367-7005 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2012 VL 43 IS 2 BP 220 EP 224 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02235.x PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 904UG UT WOS:000301222800013 PM 22404359 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Rubio, L Martinez, B Rodriguez, A Donovan, DM Garcia, P AF Rodriguez-Rubio, Lorena Martinez, Beatriz Rodriguez, Ana Donovan, David M. Garcia, Pilar TI Enhanced Staphylolytic Activity of the Staphylococcus aureus Bacteriophage vB_SauS-phiIPLA88 HydH5 Virion-Associated Peptidoglycan Hydrolase: Fusions, Deletions, and Synergy with LysH5 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL-CELL WALL; LYTIC ACTIVITY; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; PROPHAGE-ENDOLYSIN; DOMAIN; LYSOSTAPHIN; LYSIS; RECOGNITION; INFECTION; ENZYMES AB Virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolases have potential as antimicrobial agents due to their ability to lyse Gram-positive bacteria on contact. In this work, our aim was to improve the lytic activity of HydH5, a virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolase from the Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage vB_SauS-phiIPLA88. Full-length HydH5 and two truncated derivatives containing only the CHAP (cysteine, histidine-dependent amidohydrolase/peptidase) domain exhibited high lytic activity against live S. aureus cells. In addition, three different fusion proteins were created between lysostaphin and HydH5, each of which showed higher staphylolytic activity than the parental enzyme or its deletion construct. Both parental and fusion proteins lysed S. aureus cells in zymograms and plate lysis and turbidity reduction assays. In plate lysis assays, HydH5 and its derivative fusions lysed bovine and human S. aureus strains, the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strain N315, and human Staphylococcus epidermidis strains. Several nonstaphylococcal bacteria were not affected. HydH5 and its derivative fusion proteins displayed antimicrobial synergy with the endolysin LysH5 in vitro, suggesting that the two enzymes have distinct cut sites and, thus, may be more efficient in combination for the elimination of staphylococcal infections. C1 [Rodriguez-Rubio, Lorena; Martinez, Beatriz; Rodriguez, Ana; Garcia, Pilar] CSIC, IPLA, Asturias, Spain. [Donovan, David M.] ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC,USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Garcia, P (reprint author), CSIC, IPLA, Asturias, Spain. EM pgarcia@ipla.csic.es RI Garcia, Pilar/H-2544-2012; Rodriguez, Ana/H-4846-2012; Martinez, Beatriz/H-2953-2012; Rodriguez-Rubio, Lorena/D-2888-2017 OI Garcia, Pilar/0000-0003-1213-8165; Rodriguez, Ana/0000-0002-1577-9905; Martinez, Beatriz/0000-0001-7692-1963; Rodriguez-Rubio, Lorena/0000-0002-7846-4791 FU Agricultural Research Service and Cooperator Instituto de Productos Lacteos de Asturias, CSIC, Spain [58-1265-0-092FN, PIE200970I090]; Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain [AGL2009-13144-C02-01]; Science, Technology and Innovation Programme, Principado de Asturias, Spain [IB08-052]; NIH [1RO1AI075077-01A1]; NRI [2007-35204-18395]; U.S. State Department FX This research study was supported by nonfunded cooperative agreement no. 58-1265-0-092FN (Agricultural Research Service and Cooperator Instituto de Productos Lacteos de Asturias, CSIC, Spain) and by grants AGL2009-13144-C02-01 (Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain), IB08-052 (Science, Technology and Innovation Programme, Principado de Asturias, Spain), and PIE200970I090 (CSIC, Spain). L.R.-R. is a fellow of the Science, Technology and Innovation Programme (Principado de Asturias, Spain). This work was supported in part by NIH grant 1RO1AI075077-01A1, NRI grant 2007-35204-18395, and U.S. State Department funds, all awarded to D.M.D. NR 45 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 78 IS 7 BP 2241 EP 2248 DI 10.1128/AEM.07621-11 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 906KP UT WOS:000301344300019 PM 22267667 ER PT J AU Tang, JD Perkins, AD Sonstegard, TS Schroeder, SG Burgess, SC Diehl, SV AF Tang, Juliet D. Perkins, Andy D. Sonstegard, Tad S. Schroeder, Steven G. Burgess, Shane C. Diehl, Susan V. TI Short-Read Sequencing for Genomic Analysis of the Brown Rot Fungus Fibroporia radiculosa SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXALIC-ACID PRODUCTION; GC-AG INTRONS; COPPER TOLERANCE; POSTIA-PLACENTA; WOOD DECAY; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; FOMITOPSIS-PALUSTRIS; SECRETOME ANALYSIS; GENE PREDICTION; PRESERVATIVES AB The feasibility of short-read sequencing for genomic analysis was demonstrated for Fibroporia radiculosa, a copper-tolerant fungus that causes brown rot decay of wood. The effect of read quality on genomic assembly was assessed by filtering Illumina GAIIx reads from a single run of a paired-end library (75-nucleotide read length and 300-bp fragment size) at three different stringency levels and then assembling each data set with Velvet. A simple approach was devised to determine which filter stringency was "best." Venn diagrams identified the regions containing reads that were used in an assembly but were of a low-enough quality to be removed by a filter. By plotting base quality histograms of reads in this region, we judged whether a filter was too stringent or not stringent enough. Our best assembly had a genome size of 33.6 Mb, an N50 of 65.8 kb for a k-mer of 51, and a maximum contig length of 347 kb. Using GeneMark, 9,262 genes were predicted. TargetP and SignalP analyses showed that among the 1,213 genes with secreted products, 986 had motifs for signal peptides and 227 had motifs for signal anchors. Blast2GO analysis provided functional annotation for 5,407 genes. We identified 29 genes with putative roles in copper tolerance and 73 genes for lignocellulose degradation. A search for homologs of these 102 genes showed that F. radiculosa exhibited more similarity to Postia placenta than Serpula lacrymans. Notable differences were found, however, and their involvements in copper tolerance and wood decay are discussed. C1 [Tang, Juliet D.; Burgess, Shane C.] Mississippi State Univ, Inst Genom Biocomp & Biotechnol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Sonstegard, Tad S.; Schroeder, Steven G.] ARS, USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Tang, JD (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Inst Genom Biocomp & Biotechnol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jdt57@msstate.edu OI Schroeder, Steven/0000-0001-9103-5150 FU Lucas Biodeterioration Laboratory (Department of Forest Products, Mississippi State University); Life Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (Mississippi State University); Wood Utilization Research (USDA); National Science Foundation [NSF EPS-0903787] FX This work was supported by grants from the Lucas Biodeterioration Laboratory (Department of Forest Products, Mississippi State University), the Life Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (Mississippi State University), Wood Utilization Research (USDA), and the National Science Foundation (under grant NSF EPS-0903787). NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 78 IS 7 BP 2272 EP 2281 DI 10.1128/AEM.06745-11 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 906KP UT WOS:000301344300023 PM 22247176 ER PT J AU Schmelcher, M Powell, AM Becker, SC Camp, MJ Donovan, DM AF Schmelcher, Mathias Powell, Anne M. Becker, Stephen C. Camp, Mary J. Donovan, David M. TI Chimeric Phage Lysins Act Synergistically with Lysostaphin To Kill Mastitis-Causing Staphylococcus aureus in Murine Mammary Glands SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PEPTIDOGLYCAN CROSS-BRIDGES; WALL BINDING DOMAINS; BOVINE MASTITIS; LYTIC ENZYME; BACTERIOPHAGE ENDOLYSINS; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ENDOPEPTIDASE RESISTANCE; TRANSGENIC MICE; MOUSE; PENICILLIN AB Staphylococci cause bovine mastitis, with Staphylococcus aureus being responsible for the majority of the mastitis-based losses to the dairy industry (up to $2 billion/annum). Treatment is primarily with antibiotics, which are often ineffective and potentially contribute to resistance development. Bacteriophage endolysins (peptidoglycan hydrolases) present a promising source of alternative antimicrobials. Here we evaluated two fusion proteins consisting of the streptococcal lambda SA2 endolysin endopeptidase domain fused to staphylococcal cell wall binding domains from either lysostaphin (lambda SA2-E-Lyso-SH3b) or the staphylococcal phage K endolysin, LysK (lambda SA2-E-LysK-SH3b). We demonstrate killing of 16 different S. aureus mastitis isolates, including penicillin- resistant strains, by both constructs. At 100 mu g/ml in processed cow milk, lambda SA2-E-Lyso-SH3b and lambda SA2-E-LysK-SH3b reduced the S. aureus bacterial load by 3 and 1 log units within 3 h, respectively, compared to a buffer control. In contrast to lambda SA2-E-Lyso-SH3b, however, lambda SA2-E-LysK-SH3b permitted regrowth of the pathogen after 1 h. In a mouse model of mastitis, infusion of 25 mu g of lambda SA2-E-Lyso-SH3b or lambda SA2-E-LysK-SH3b into mammary glands reduced S. aureus CFU by 0.63 or 0.81 log units, compared to >2 log for lysostaphin. Both chimeras were synergistic with lysostaphin against S. aureus in plate lysis checkerboard assays. When tested in combination in mice, lambda SA2-E-LysK-SH3b and lysostaphin (12.5 mu g each/gland) caused a 3.36-log decrease in CFU. Furthermore, most protein treatments reduced gland wet weights and intramammary tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) concentrations, which serve as indicators of inflammation. Overall, our animal model results demonstrate the potential of fusion peptidoglycan hydrolases as antimicrobials for the treatment of S. aureus-induced mastitis. C1 [Schmelcher, Mathias; Powell, Anne M.; Becker, Stephen C.; Donovan, David M.] ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Camp, Mary J.] ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Off Area Director, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Donovan, DM (reprint author), ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. EM david.donovan@ars.usda.gov FU NIH [1RO1AI075077-01A1]; NRI [2007-35204-18395]; U.S. State Department FX This work was supported in part by NIH grant 1RO1AI075077-01A1, NRI grant 2007-35204-18395, and U.S. State Department funds (all awards to D.M.D.). NR 68 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 7 U2 19 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 78 IS 7 BP 2297 EP 2305 DI 10.1128/AEM.07050-11 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 906KP UT WOS:000301344300026 PM 22286996 ER PT J AU Center, TD Purcell, MF Pratt, PD Rayamajhi, MB Tipping, PW Wright, SA Dray, FA AF Center, Ted D. Purcell, Matthew F. Pratt, Paul D. Rayamajhi, Min B. Tipping, Philip W. Wright, Susan A. Dray, F. Allen, Jr. TI Biological control of Melaleuca quinquenervia: an Everglades invader SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Wetlands; Weed biological control; Ecosystem restoration; Transformer species; Herbivory; Florida ID OXYOPS-VITIOSA COLEOPTERA; EUCEROCORIS-SUSPECTUS HEMIPTERA; CONCEPTUAL ECOLOGICAL MODEL; INTRODUCED NATURAL ENEMIES; GEOGRAPHIC RANGE EXPANSION; GALL MIDGES DIPTERA; CONTROL AGENT; INVASIVE TREE; BOREIOGLYCASPIS-MELALEUCAE; HOST-RANGE AB A massive effort is underway to restore the Florida Everglades, mainly by re-engineering hydrology to supply more water to the system at appropriate times of the year. However, correcting water flow patterns alone will not restore the associated plant communities due to habitat-transforming effects of invasive species, in particular the Australian wetland tree Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S. T. Blake (Myrtales, Myrtaceae), which has invaded vast areas and transformed sawgrass marshes into dense, biologically impoverished, structurally altered forest habitats. To address this threat, an invasive species reduction program was launched that combined mechanical removal and herbicidal control to remove mature trees with the release of specialized insects to suppress seed production and lower seedling survival. Melaleuca has now been removed from most public lands while biological control has limited its ability to regenerate and reinvade from nearby infestations often located on unmanaged privately held lands. This case illustrates how restoration of highly modified ecosystems may require both restoration of physical conditions (water flow), and suppression of high impact or transformative invaders, showing well the need to integrate biological control into conservation biology. C1 [Center, Ted D.] ARS, USDA, IPRL, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Purcell, Matthew F.] ARS, USDA, CSIRO Australian Biol Control Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. RP Center, TD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, IPRL, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM ted.center@ars.usda.gov RI Purcell, Matthew/C-2098-2008 NR 118 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD APR PY 2012 VL 57 IS 2 SI SI BP 151 EP 165 DI 10.1007/s10526-011-9390-6 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 904EZ UT WOS:000301178200003 ER PT J AU Hough-Goldstein, J Lake, E Reardon, R AF Hough-Goldstein, J. Lake, E. Reardon, R. TI Status of an ongoing biological control program for the invasive vine, Persicaria perfoliata in eastern North America SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Weed biocontrol; Polygonaceae; Caryophyllales; Coleoptera; Curculionidae ID A-MINUTE WEED; INCREASED COMPETITIVE ABILITY; LATIPES KOROTYAEV COLEOPTERA; RHINONCOMIMUS-LATIPES; POLYGONUM-PERFOLIATUM; NATURAL ENEMIES; CONTROL AGENTS; HOST-SPECIFICITY; APICAL DOMINANCE; PLANT INVASIONS AB Mile-a-minute weed, Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross (Polygonaceae), an aggressive annual vine native to Asia, has invaded forest edges, light gaps, open fields, and riparian borders in eastern North America. It was accidentally introduced into Pennsylvania in the 1930s and has since expanded its range north to Massachusetts, south to North Carolina, and west to Ohio. A biological control program was initiated in 1996, and in 2004, a permit was issued for release of Rhinoncomimus latipes Korotyaev (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a host-specific weevil initially collected in China. Since 2004, the biology of the weevil in its introduced range has been studied, along with its impact on P. perfoliata, which can be substantial. Weevils have been released in ten states through 2010, and populations have increased considerably at many sites. Although P. perfoliata continues to expand its North American range, natural and human-assisted dispersal of R. latipes is reducing its negative effects. Here we review and assess the current status of the biological control program. C1 [Hough-Goldstein, J.; Lake, E.] Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Reardon, R.] US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Technol Enterprise Team, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Hough-Goldstein, J (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM jhough@udel.edu FU USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team FX Thanks to Chuck Bargeron, Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health, University of Georgia, for producing the P. perfoliata distribution map by county (Fig. 1) and map of R. latipes release sites (Fig. 4). The P. perfoliata distribution map was an extension of one originally produced by Yun Wu, USDA Forest Service. Funding from the USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team is gratefully acknowledged. NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD APR PY 2012 VL 57 IS 2 SI SI BP 181 EP 189 DI 10.1007/s10526-011-9417-z PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 904EZ UT WOS:000301178200005 ER PT J AU Duan, JJ Bauer, LS Abell, KJ van Driesche, R AF Duan, Jian J. Bauer, Leah S. Abell, Kristopher J. van Driesche, Roy TI Population responses of hymenopteran parasitoids to the emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in recently invaded areas in north central United States SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Indigenous; Exotics and invasive species; Parasitoids; Wood borers; Biological control ID AGRILUS-PLANIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; NATURAL ENEMIES; CHINA; BRACONIDAE; EULOPHIDAE; HOST; ENCYRTIDAE; DORYCTINAE AB Populations of hymenopteran parasitoids associated with larval stages of the invasive emerald ash borer (EAB) Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) were surveyed in 2009 and 2010 in the recently invaded areas in north central United States (Michigan), where two introduced EAB larval parasitoids, Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang and Spathius agrili Yang were released for classical biological control. Results from two years of field surveys showed that several hymenopteran parasitoids have become associated with EAB in Michigan. Among these parasitoids, the gregarious species T. planipennisi was the most abundant, accounting for 93% of all parasitoid individuals collected in 2009 (immediately after field release) and 58% in 2010 (a year later after field releases). Low levels (1-5%) of parasitism of EAB larvae by T. planipennisi were consistently detected at survey sites in both years. Separately, the abundance of the native parasitoid, Atanycolus spp., increased sharply, resulting in an average parasitism rate of EAB larvae from < 0.5% in 2009 to 19% in 2010. Other parasitoids such as Phasgonophora sulcata Westwood, Spathius spp., Balcha indica Mani & Kaul, Eupelmus sp., and Eurytomus sp. were much less abundant than T. planipennisi and Atanycolus spp., and each caused < 1% parasitism. Besides hymenopteran parasitoids, woodpeckers consumed 32-42% of the immature EAB stages present at our study sites, while undetermined biotic factors (such as microbial disease and host tree resistance) caused 10-22% mortality of observed EAB larvae. Relevance of these findings to the potential for biological control of EAB in the invaded areas of North America is discussed. C1 [Duan, Jian J.] ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Intro Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. [Bauer, Leah S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Abell, Kristopher J.; van Driesche, Roy] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Insect & Soil Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Duan, JJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Intro Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. EM jian.duan@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Forest Service, State and Private Forestry FX We thank student employees Anthony Paul Capizzo, Tim Watt and Jane Slater, and Deborah L. Miller of the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, East Lansing, Michigan, USA for assistance in the laboratory and field. We are also grateful to Craig Oppel, Roger Fuester, and Doug Luster (USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Units) for helpful comments to the earlier version of the manuscript. The project is supported in part by USDA Forest Service, State and Private Forestry. NR 38 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 6 U2 60 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD APR PY 2012 VL 57 IS 2 SI SI BP 199 EP 209 DI 10.1007/s10526-011-9408-0 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 904EZ UT WOS:000301178200007 ER PT J AU Coleman, TW Lopez, V Rugman-Jones, P Stouthamer, R Seybold, SJ Reardon, R Hoddle, MS AF Coleman, Tom W. Lopez, Vanessa Rugman-Jones, Paul Stouthamer, Richard Seybold, Steven J. Reardon, Richard Hoddle, Mark S. TI Can the destruction of California's oak woodlands be prevented? Potential for biological control of the goldspotted oak borer, Agrilus auroguttatus SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Indigenous exotic species; Mitochondrial DNA; Oak mortality; California; Arizona; Southern Mexico; Calosota elongata ID CURTIS COLEOPTERA BUPRESTIDAE; PLANIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; UNITED-STATES; DNA; MITOCHONDRIAL; HYMENOPTERA; HISTORY; MEXICO AB The goldspotted oak borer (GSOB), Agrilus auroguttatus Schaeffer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is an introduced and aggressive phloem/wood borer infesting native oaks in southern California. Elevated levels of oak mortality have occurred continually for the last nine years on three oak species in San Diego Co., California, USA. Biological control is being assessed as an option for long-term and widespread management of the invasive population of GSOB. Foreign exploration in the native ranges of GSOB and a related sibling species (Agrilus coxalis Waterhouse) was conducted to determine life history information, to assess the natural enemy complex, and to collect specimens for molecular analyses that could help to identify the area of origin of California's introduced population. Two species of parasitoids, Calosota elongata Gibson (Eupelmidae) and Atanycolus simplex Cresson (Braconidae), were discovered with GSOB populations in Arizona and California. No insect natural enemies were found with populations of A. coxalis in southern Mexico. However, Quercus conzatti Trel. and Quercus peduncularis Nee in Oaxaca and Chiapas, respectively, were recorded as the first known hosts of A. coxalis. A comparative analysis of our understanding of the natural enemy complexes for other pestiferous Agrilus with that of GSOB suggests that more effort should be directed at uncovering potential egg parasitoids and microbial pathogens of GSOB. Analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) revealed that the California population of GSOB was more similar to the Arizona population. Specimens of A. coxalis from southern Mexico were confirmed as a separate species. Additional surveys and sampling are needed across the complete native range of the GSOB species complex to develop a comprehensive inventory of parasitoid species that could be considered for use in a classical biological control program in California and to delineate the area of origin of California's population. C1 [Coleman, Tom W.] USDA Forest Serv Forest Hlth Protect, San Bernardino, CA 92408 USA. [Lopez, Vanessa; Rugman-Jones, Paul; Stouthamer, Richard; Hoddle, Mark S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Rugman-Jones, Paul; Stouthamer, Richard; Seybold, Steven J.; Hoddle, Mark S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Invas Species Res, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Seybold, Steven J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Reardon, Richard] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Hlth Technol & Enterprise Team, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Coleman, TW (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv Forest Hlth Protect, 602 S Tippecanoe Ave, San Bernardino, CA 92408 USA. EM twcoleman@fs.fed.us FU University of California, Davis; Andreana Cipollone and Grayland Walter, Forest Health Protection; Joel McMillin and Bobbe Fitzgibbon, USDA Forest Service-Forest Health Protection, Region; Alicia Nino Dominguez, EL Colegio de la Frontera Sur; Mexico Commission of National Forests; Cleveland and Coronado National Forests; USDA Forest Service; UC Riverside Dept. of Entomology [09-CA-11420004-357, 10-JV-11272172-059]; USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team; Forest Health Protection, International Activities and Travel Program; Pacific Southwest Research Station; Western Wildlands Threat Assessment Center, Forest Health Protection, Region 5 and Washington Office; University of California, Riverside. FX The authors would like to thank Stacy Hishinuma and Michael Jones, University of California, Davis; Andreana Cipollone and Grayland Walter, Forest Health Protection; Joel McMillin and Bobbe Fitzgibbon, USDA Forest Service-Forest Health Protection, Region 3; Alicia Nino Dominguez, EL Colegio de la Frontera Sur; Mexico Commission of National Forests; the Cleveland and Coronado National Forests for their support of this work; and two reviewers provided valuable comments to this manuscript. Michael Sharkey, University of Kentucky, Department of Entomology; Gary Gibson, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canadian National Collection of Insects; and Kevin Nixon, Cornell University, Department of Plant Biology provided valuable taxonomic assistance. Funding for this work was administered in part through two agreements between the USDA Forest Service and the UC Riverside Dept. of Entomology; Cooperative Agreement # 09-CA-11420004-357 and Joint Venture Agreement # 10-JV-11272172-059. Sources of this support were the USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team; Forest Health Protection, International Activities and Travel Program; Pacific Southwest Research Station, Invasive Species Program; the Western Wildlands Threat Assessment Center, Forest Health Protection, Region 5 and Washington Office; and the University of California, Riverside. NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 EI 1573-8248 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD APR PY 2012 VL 57 IS 2 SI SI BP 211 EP 225 DI 10.1007/s10526-011-9404-4 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 904EZ UT WOS:000301178200008 ER PT J AU Cuda, JP Christ, LR Manrique, V Overholt, WA Wheeler, G Williams, DA AF Cuda, J. P. Christ, L. R. Manrique, V. Overholt, W. A. Wheeler, G. S. Williams, D. A. TI Role of molecular genetics in identifying 'fine tuned' natural enemies of the invasive Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolius: a review SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Review DE Intraspecific hybridization; Host-plant genotypes; Biological control; Local adaptation; Pseudophilothrips ichini; Pseudophilothrips gandolfoi; Calophya terebinthifolii; Calophya latiforceps; Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae; Hemiptera: Calophyidae; Sapindales: Anacardiaceae ID INCREASED COMPETITIVE ABILITY; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; LOCAL ADAPTATION; PLANT INVASIONS; FLORIDA; ANACARDIACEAE; HYBRIDIZATION; COLONIZATION; SELECTION AB Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), is a highly successful invasive species in the continental United States, Hawaiian archipelago, several Caribbean Islands, Australia, Bermuda, and a number of other countries worldwide. It also is one of only a few invasive intraspecific hybrids that has been well characterized genetically. The natural enemy complex of Brazilian peppertree includes two thrips and two psyllids that appear to be highly adapted to specific haplotypes or their hybrids. Successful biological control of Brazilian peppertree will require careful matching of the appropriate natural enemies with their host plant genotypes. The Brazilian peppertree model reviewed here could provide a useful framework for studying biological control agents on other invasive weed species that have exhibited intraspecific hybridization. C1 [Cuda, J. P.; Christ, L. R.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Manrique, V.; Overholt, W. A.] Univ Florida, Biol Control Res & Containment Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Wheeler, G. S.] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Williams, D. A.] Texas Christian Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. RP Cuda, JP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Bldg 970,Nat Area Dr,POB 110620, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jcuda@ufl.edu RI Williams, Dean/H-6108-2016 OI Williams, Dean/0000-0002-9001-6019 FU Florida Department of Environmental Protection; South Florida Water Management District; Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. These projects were supported by grants from the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, South Florida Water Management District, and Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. NR 62 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 EI 1573-8248 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD APR PY 2012 VL 57 IS 2 SI SI BP 227 EP 233 DI 10.1007/s10526-011-9418-y PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 904EZ UT WOS:000301178200009 ER PT J AU Berner, DK Cavin, CA AF Berner, Dana K. Cavin, Craig A. TI Finalizing host range determination of a weed biological control pathogen with best linear unbiased predictors and damage assessment SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Ascomycota; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp salsolae; Glomerella cingulata; Russian thistle; Salsola tragus; Sordariomycetes; Tumbleweed ID COLLETOTRICHUM-GLOEOSPORIOIDES; RUSSIAN THISTLE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; BREEDING VALUES; CONTROL AGENT; CHENOPODIACEAE; AESCHYNOMENE; SALSOLAE; FUNGAL; MODEL AB Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. salsolae (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. in Penz. (CGS) is a facultative parasitic fungus being evaluated as a classical biological control agent of Russian thistle or tumbleweed (Salsola tragus L.). In initial host range determination tests, Henderson's mixed model equations (MME) were used to generate best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) of disease severity reaction to CGS among 89 species of plants related to S. tragus. The MME provided: (1) disease assessments for rare and difficult or impossible to grow species, (2) environmentally independent measures of disease severity, (3) measures of disease severity for species versus a sample of material tested in a greenhouse, (4) objective indicators of susceptible and non-susceptible species, (5) a means to objectively compare disease on targets versus non-targets. Of the 89 species evaluated by the MME, eight native N. American species were predicted to be susceptible. As a result of these predictions, these eight species were further evaluated to determine the amount of actual damage caused by CGS. This was done by comparing root and shoot areas and weights between non-inoculated plants and plants inoculated with CGS. Results showed that several of the species exhibited some minor reduction in root weight and root area, but none of the species had any damage to above-ground plant parts. This supports the BLUP output in the initial host range determination tests. As a result of both analyses, there is no evidence that CGS would cause any non-target effects in nature. C1 [Berner, Dana K.; Cavin, Craig A.] ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Berner, DK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM dana.berner@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD APR PY 2012 VL 57 IS 2 SI SI BP 235 EP 246 DI 10.1007/s10526-011-9399-x PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 904EZ UT WOS:000301178200010 ER PT J AU Pratt, PD Center, TD AF Pratt, P. D. Center, T. D. TI Biocontrol without borders: the unintended spread of introduced weed biological control agents SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Dispersal; Invasion pathways; Oxyops vitiosa; Boreioglycaspis melaleucae; Melaleuca quinquenervia ID TREE MELALEUCA-QUINQUENERVIA; OXYOPS-VITIOSA COLEOPTERA; GEOGRAPHIC RANGE EXPANSION; INVASIVE TREE; HOST-SPECIFICITY; SOUTH FLORIDA; HELIOTROPIUM-AMPLEXICAULE; UROPHORA-QUADRIFASCIATA; FIELD COLONIZATION; AUSTRALIAN WEEVIL AB An underlying assumption of classical biological control implies that intentionally introduced natural enemies will remain within the boundaries that delineate the program's area of implementation. A weed biological control program targeting Melaleuca quinquenervia in Florida, USA has resulted in the release and establishment of Oxyops vitiosa and Boreioglycaspis melaleucae. An international survey of M. quinquenervia populations in 13 other states or countries where the insects have not been intentionally introduced was initiated to monitor the long range dispersal of O. vitiosa and B. melaleucae beyond the herbivores' intended geographic range (Florida). Surveys in 2006 resulted in the discovery of B. melaleucae within the canopies of several M. quinquenervia trees near San Juan, Puerto Rico. In 2007, O. vitiosa was observed on the island of New Providence in the Bahamas but neither herbivore was detected on nearby Grand Bahama or Andros islands. In 2009, B. melaleucae was observed attacking M. quinquenervia trees in Los Angeles, California (USA). The herbivores have not been detected on other surveyed M. quinquenervia populations in Cuba, Jamaica, Texas (USA), Costa Rica, Brazil, Hawaii (USA) or South Africa. There is no evidence to suggest that herbivore colonization of New Providence, Puerto Rico, or California was influenced by linear distance between Florida and the recipient M. quinquenervia stand. While the dispersal pathway(s) remains unknown, biological control agents were detected from 200 to > 3500 km from their original release location (Florida) and at locations that have strong links via tourism and trade as indicated by the number of airline flights connecting south Florida with colonized tree populations. Implications of this unintended spread are discussed in relation to permeability of biogeographical barriers and risk assessment of biological control agents. C1 [Pratt, P. D.; Center, T. D.] ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, USDA, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Pratt, PD (reprint author), ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, USDA, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM Paul.Pratt@ars.usda.gov; Ted.Center@ars.usda.gov NR 62 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD APR PY 2012 VL 57 IS 2 SI SI BP 319 EP 329 DI 10.1007/s10526-011-9412-4 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 904EZ UT WOS:000301178200016 ER PT J AU Havens, PL Stephensen, CB Hazra, R Flynn, PM Wilson, CM Rutledge, B Bethel, J Pan, CG Woodhouse, LR Van Loan, MD Liu, N Lujan-Zilbermann, J Baker, A Kapogiannis, BG Mulligan, K AF Havens, Peter L. Stephensen, Charles B. Hazra, Rohan Flynn, Patricia M. Wilson, Craig M. Rutledge, Brandy Bethel, James Pan, Cynthia G. Woodhouse, Leslie R. Van Loan, Marta D. Liu, Nancy Lujan-Zilbermann, Jorge Baker, Alyne Kapogiannis, Bill G. Mulligan, Kathleen CA Adolescent Med Trials Network ATN TI Vitamin D3 Decreases Parathyroid Hormone in HIV-Infected Youth Being Treated With Tenofovir: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID OPTIMIZED BACKGROUND REGIMEN; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; DISOPROXIL FUMARATE; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; TUBULAR DYSFUNCTION; SALVAGE THERAPY; YOUNG-ADULTS; D DEFICIENCY; ADOLESCENTS AB Background. The study goal was to determine the effect of vitamin D (VITD) supplementation on tubular reabsorption of phosphate (TRP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and C-telopeptide (CTX) in youth infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receiving and not receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Methods. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial enrolled HIV-infected youth 18-25 years based on stable treatment with cART containing TDF (n = 118) or no TDF (noTDF; n = 85), and randomized within those groups to vitamin D3, 50 000 IU (n = 102) or placebo (n = 101), administered at 0, 4, and 8 weeks. Outcomes included change in TRP, PTH, BAP, and CTX from baseline to week 12 by TDF/noTDF; and VITD/placebo. Results. At baseline, VITD and placebo groups were similar except those on TDF had lower TRP and higher PTH and CTX. At week 12, 95% in the VITD group had sufficient serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD; >= 20 ng/mL), increased from 48% at baseline, without change in placebo (P < .001). PTH decreased in the TDF group receiving VITD (P = .031) but not in the noTDF group receiving VITD, or either placebo group. The decrease in PTH with VITD in those on TDF occurred with insufficient and sufficient baseline 25-OHD (mean PTH change, -7.9 and -6.2 pg/mL; P = .031 and .053, respectively). Conclusions. In youth on TDF, vitamin D3 supplementation decreased PTH, regardless of baseline 25-OHD concentration. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT00490412. C1 [Havens, Peter L.; Pan, Cynthia G.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Childrens Hosp Wisconsin, Dept Pediat, Childrens Res Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Stephensen, Charles B.; Woodhouse, Leslie R.; Van Loan, Marta D.] Agr Res Serv, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Davis, CA USA. [Hazra, Rohan; Kapogiannis, Bill G.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Pediat Adolescent & Maternal AIDS Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. [Flynn, Patricia M.] St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Wilson, Craig M.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USA. [Rutledge, Brandy; Bethel, James; Liu, Nancy] WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Lujan-Zilbermann, Jorge] Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [Baker, Alyne] Tulane Univ, Dept Pediat Adolescent Med, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Mulligan, Kathleen] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Havens, PL (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Pediat Infect Dis, Suite C450,POB 1997, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM phavens@mcw.edu FU GCRC of the National Center for Research Resources; National Institutes of Health; Department of Health and Human Services; Children's National Medical Center [M01RR020359]; University of Pennsylvania/Children's Hospital of Philadelphia [NCRRUL1-RR-024134]; University of California, San Francisco [UL1 RR024131]; Seattle Children's Hospital [UL1-RR025014]; Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine [M01-RR00188]; Boston University Medical Center [UL1-RR02517]; SUNY Stony Brook [M01-RR10710]; Louisiana Board of Regents RC/EEP [RC/EEP-06]; ATN from the National Institutes of Health through Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) [U01 HD 040533, U01 HD 040474]; National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; NICHD; NIMH [U01 A1068632] FX Eight of these sites used their General Clinical Research Center (GCRC)/Pediatric Clinical Research Center (PCRC) for the study; the centers were supported by grants from the GCRC Program of the National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, as follows: Children's National Medical Center, M01RR020359; University of Pennsylvania/Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, NCRRUL1-RR-024134; University of California, San Francisco, UL1 RR024131; Seattle Children's Hospital, UL1-RR025014; Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, M01-RR00188; Boston University Medical Center, UL1-RR02517; and SUNY Stony Brook, M01-RR10710. The Tulane University Health Sciences Center used its Clinical and Translational Research Center (CTRC) for the study; the center was supported in whole or in part by funds provided through the Louisiana Board of Regents RC/EEP (RC/EEP-06). This work was supported by the ATN from the National Institutes of Health (U01 HD 040533 and U01 HD 040474) through the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) (B. Kapogiannis), with supplemental funding from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (N. Borek) and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (P. Brouwers, S. Allison). The protocol was coendorsed by the IMPAACT Group. Support for IMPAACT was provided by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NICHD, and NIMH (U01 A1068632). The study was scientifically reviewed by the ATN's Therapeutic Leadership Group. Network, scientific and logistical support was provided by the ATN Coordinating Center (C. Wilson, C. Partlow) at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Network operations and analytic support was provided by the ATN Data and Operations Center at Westat, Inc (J. Korelitz, B. Driver). We thank the ATN Community Advisory Board and the youth who participated in the study. NR 39 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2012 VL 54 IS 7 BP 1013 EP 1025 DI 10.1093/cid/cir968 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 905TB UT WOS:000301296200027 PM 22267714 ER PT J AU Irvin, NA Hagler, JR Hoddle, MS AF Irvin, N. A. Hagler, J. R. Hoddle, M. S. TI Laboratory investigation of triple marking the parasitoid Gonatocerus ashmeadi with a fluorescent dye and two animal proteins SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE ELISA; protein marking; dye marking; mark-capture; survival; Hymenoptera; Mymaridae; glassy-winged sharpshooter; Homalodisca vitripennis; Hemiptera; Cicadellidae ID ANAGRUS-EPOS HYMENOPTERA; HOMALODISCA-VITRIPENNIS; FLORAL RESOURCES; EGG PARASITOIDS; PINK-BOLLWORM; DISPERSAL; MYMARIDAE; MOVEMENT; RUBIDIUM; HEMIPTERA AB Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), a parasitoid of Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) (glassy-winged sharpshooter), was used as a model insect to investigate triple marking a minute hymenopteran for potential use for monitoring dispersal patterns of natural enemies in the field. The triple mark contained egg albumin in chicken eggs, casein in bovine milk, and SARDI yellow fluorescent dye. Three application treatments of the triple mark were investigated: (1) a wet topical treatment, (2) a dry residue treatment, and (3) untreated control. The presence of albumin and casein protein marks were detected by an anti-albumin and anti-casein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) using both soaked and crushed specimens. Of the topically treated parasitoids, yellow dye, casein, and albumin were detected on 88, 69, and 21% of the crushed samples, respectively. The yellow dye and casein (tested with crush ELISA) were the most efficient marking methods, detecting up to 29% more marked G. ashmeadi. Yellow dye resulted in zero false positives in the untreated control. The percentage of false positives for casein (tested with crush ELISA) was 1.3; however, this was reduced to 0% when a double-marking system using any two of the three marks (yellow dye, casein, and albumin) were used to mark parasitoids. This double-mark system resulted in 65% of parasitoids being successfully marked in the topical treatment over the duration of the study. For casein, crush ELISA was 26% more sensitive and 24% more accurate than soak ELISA for detecting this mark. Yellow dye, albumin, and casein (tested with crush ELISA) were retained on marked parasitoids for the entire duration of the 11-day study. Parasitoids self-marked with yellow dye, albumin (tested with soak ELISA), casein (tested with crush ELISA), and the double-mark (tested with crush ELISA) by walking over dried residue of the triple mark. This resulted in up to 17% more marked parasitoids in the residue treatment compared with the untreated control. A topical application of the triple mark had no effect on survival of G. ashmeadi compared with the control. The residue treatment resulted in significantly lower mortality than the untreated control, indicating that G. ashmeadi may have fed on the protein in the residue of the triple-mark, which enhanced longevity. C1 [Irvin, N. A.; Hoddle, M. S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Hagler, J. R.] ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Hoddle, M. S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Invas Species Res, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Irvin, NA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, 900 Univ Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM nic.irvin@ucr.edu FU California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) FX This work was supported in part by the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) Pierce's Disease-Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter Management Research Program. We thank Scott Machtley and Felisa Blackmer for technical assistance. We also thank Zhanwen Ye for outstanding statistical assistance. David Morgan (CDFA) kindly supplied G. ashmeadi to use as negative controls. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0013-8703 EI 1570-7458 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD APR PY 2012 VL 143 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2012.01226.x PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 900ZF UT WOS:000300930500001 ER PT J AU Barman, AK Parajulee, MN Sansone, CG Suh, CPC Medina, RF AF Barman, Apurba K. Parajulee, Megha N. Sansone, Christopher G. Suh, Charles P. C. Medina, Raul F. TI Geographic pattern of host-associated differentiation in the cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE geographic mosaic; agroecosystem; population structure; AFLP; Hemiptera; Miridae; HAD; horsemint; woolly croton ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; HEMIPTERA-MIRIDAE; SYMPATRIC SPECIATION; PLANT; LEPIDOPTERA; RACES AB Host-associated differentiation (HAD) is the occurrence of genetically distinct, host-associated lineages. Most of the cases of HAD in phytophagous insects have been documented in specialist insects inhabiting feral ecosystems or in generalist parthenogens in agroecosystems. Herein we report HAD in the cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), a native, generalist, non-parthenogenetic insect feeding on native wild hosts [horsemint, Monarda punctata L. (Lamiaceae) and woolly croton, Croton capitatus Michx. (Euphorbiaceae)] and on cotton [Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae)] in the USA. Examination of genome-wide genetic variation with AFLP markers and Bayesian analyses of P. seriatus associated with three different host plant species at five locations in Texas revealed a geographic pattern of HAD. The geographic pattern of HAD corresponded with differences in precipitation among the locations studied. In three locations, two distinct lineages of P. seriatus were found in association with horsemint and cotton/woolly croton, whereas in two other locations, populations associated with the different host plants studied were panmictic. We suggest that precipitation differences among locations translate into heterogeneity in vegetation distribution, composition, and phenology, which altogether may contribute to the observed geographic pattern of HAD. C1 [Barman, Apurba K.; Medina, Raul F.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Parajulee, Megha N.] Texas AgriLife Res, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Sansone, Christopher G.] Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, San Angelo, TX 76901 USA. [Suh, Charles P. C.] ARS, USDA, APMRU, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Medina, RF (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM rfmedina@tamu.edu FU Cotton Incorporated's Texas State Support Committee (TSSC); Plains Cotton Growers FX We would like to thank Stanley Carroll, Scott Armstrong, and Roy Parker for their assistance with the insect collections and logistics. The intellectual input and facilitations offered by John K. Westbrook towards this project is highly appreciated. Lab members, Aaron Dickey, and Emilie Hartfield helped in the research and manuscript preparation. Financial support from Cotton Incorporated's Texas State Support Committee (TSSC) and Plains Cotton Growers made this study possible. NR 70 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD APR PY 2012 VL 143 IS 1 BP 31 EP 41 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2012.01232.x PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 900ZF UT WOS:000300930500004 ER PT J AU Neven, LG Wang, SJ Tang, J AF Neven, Lisa G. Wang, Shaojin Tang, Juming TI An improved system to assess insect tolerance to heated controlled atmosphere quarantine treatment SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Oriental fruit moth; Grapholita molesta; Lepidoptera; Tortricidae; commodity treatments; controlled atmosphere temperature treatment system ID TRANSITELLA WALKER LEPIDOPTERA; ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH; POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS; CODLING MOTH; THERMAL-RESISTANCE; COMBINATION HEAT; EFFICACY TESTS; SWEET CHERRIES; FLY DIPTERA; WATER C1 [Neven, Lisa G.] ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Wang, Shaojin] NW A&F Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Tang, Juming] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Neven, LG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM lisa.neven@ars.usda.gov RI Wang, Shaojin/C-4968-2012; Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0013-8703 EI 1570-7458 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD APR PY 2012 VL 143 IS 1 BP 95 EP 100 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2012.01229.x PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 900ZF UT WOS:000300930500011 ER PT J AU Salois, M Moss, C Erickson, K AF Salois, Matthew Moss, Charles Erickson, Kenneth TI Farm income, population and farmland prices: a relative information approach SO EUROPEAN REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Entropy; land values; information theory; population; C11; C61; Q24 ID INEQUALITY AB This paper uses an entropy-based information approach to determine if farmland values are more closely associated with urban pressure or farm income. The basic question is: how much information on changes in farm real estate values is contained in changes in population versus changes in returns to production agriculture? Results suggest population is informative, but changes in farmland values are more strongly associated with changes in the distribution of returns. However, this relationship is not true for every region nor does it hold over time, as for some regions and time periods changes in population are more informative. Results have policy implications for both equity and efficiency. C1 [Salois, Matthew] Univ Reading, Dept Food Econ & Mkt, Reading RG6 6AR, Berks, England. [Moss, Charles] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Erickson, Kenneth] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Salois, M (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Food Econ & Mkt, POB 237, Reading RG6 6AR, Berks, England. EM m.j.salois@reading.ac.uk OI Moss, Charles/0000-0002-1172-7112 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0165-1587 J9 EUR REV AGRIC ECON JI Eur. Rev. Agric. Econ. PD APR PY 2012 VL 39 IS 2 BP 289 EP 307 DI 10.1093/erae/jbr032 PG 19 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 905SW UT WOS:000301295400005 ER PT J AU Fleshman, MK Riedl, KM Novotny, JA Schwartz, SJ Harrison, EH AF Fleshman, Matthew K. Riedl, Ken M. Novotny, Janet A. Schwartz, Steven J. Harrison, Earl H. TI An LC/MS method for d8-beta-carotene and d4-retinyl esters: beta-carotene absorption and its conversion to vitamin A in humans SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE stable isotopes; sample matrix; intestinal absorption; chylomicrons; carotenoid metabolism; retinoid metabolism ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ISOTOPE REFERENCE METHOD; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RETINYL ESTERS; METABOLISM; BIOEFFICACY; PROVITAMIN; CARROTS AB The intestinal absorption and metabolism of beta-carotene is of vital importance in humans, especially in populations that obtain the majority of their vitamin A from provitamin A carotenoids. MS has provided a better understanding of the absorption of beta-carotene, the most potent provitamin A carotenoid, through the use of stable isotopes of beta-carotene. We report here an HPLC-MS method that eliminates the need for complicated sample preparation and allows us to detect and quantify newly absorbed d8-beta-carotene as well as its d4-retinyl ester metabolites in human plasma and chylomicron fractions. Both retinoids and beta-carotene were recovered in a single simple extraction that did not involve saponification, thus allowing subsequent quantitation of individual fatty acyl esters of retinol. Separation of d8-beta-carotene and its d4-retinyl ester metabolites was achieved using the same C30 reversed-phase liquid chromatography followed by mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring and negative atmospheric pressure chemical ionization modes, respectively. Total time for the two successive runs was 30 min.(jlr) This HPLC-MS method allowed us to quantify the absorption of intact d8-beta-carotene as well as its extent of conversion to d4-retinyl esters in humans after consumption of a single 5 mg dose of d8-beta-carotene.-Fleshman, M. K., K. M. Riedl, J. A. Novotny, S. J. Schwartz, and E. H. Harrison. An LC/MS method for d8-beta-carotene and d4-retinyl esters: beta-carotene absorption and its conversion to vitamin A in humans. J. Lipid Res. 2012. 53: 820-827. C1 [Fleshman, Matthew K.; Harrison, Earl H.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Nutr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Riedl, Ken M.; Schwartz, Steven J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Novotny, Janet A.] USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Harrison, EH (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Nutr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM Harrison.304@osu.edu RI Riedl, Ken/G-8621-2014; OI Riedl, Ken/0000-0002-9020-3471; Schwartz, Steven/0000-0002-1427-5780 FU National Institutes of Health [R01-DK044498, R01-HL049879] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health grants R01-DK044498 and R01-HL049879 to E. H. H. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 53 IS 4 BP 820 EP 827 DI 10.1194/jlr.D021139 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 907PY UT WOS:000301431000021 PM 22308509 ER PT J AU Fraver, S Palik, BJ AF Fraver, Shawn Palik, Brian J. TI Stand and cohort structures of old-growth Pinus resinosa-dominated forests of northern Minnesota, USA SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Coarse woody debris; Dendrochronology; Forest disturbance; Red pine; Reference conditions; Stand dynamics; White pine; Wildfire ID RED PINE; FIRE HISTORY; INCREMENT CORES; AGE STRUCTURE; WOODY DEBRIS; MICHIGAN; SILVICULTURE; TRANSFORMATION; PRESETTLEMENT; FENNOSCANDIA C1 [Fraver, Shawn; Palik, Brian J.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Fraver, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM sfraver@fs.fed.us; bpalik@fs.fed.us FU (US) National Fire Plan; US Forest Service, Northern Research Station FX We thank B. Anderson, J. Bradford, M. Curzon, T. D'Amato, S. Erlandson, C. Kerns, S. Jones, A. Milo, L. Patty, C. Peterson, D. Shinneman, K. Sweeney, M. Thompson, H. Telschow, D. Wenker and J. Zasoski for assistance in the field or laboratory, and V. Blakesley, L. Crandall, J. Greenlee, D. Kastendick, K. Kipfmueller, J. Pastor, K. Rusterholz, S. Wilson and S. Weyenberg for identifying potential old-growth sites. The manuscript was improved through discussions with J. Almendinger, R. Buckman, L. Frelich and K. Kipfmueller. Valuable suggestions from T. Aakala, T. D'Amato, T. Kuuluvainen, M. Powers, D. Shinneman, the co-ordinating editor and an anonymous reviewer also greatly improved the manuscript. Support was provided by the (US) National Fire Plan and the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station. NR 61 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 23 IS 2 BP 249 EP 259 DI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01348.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 908NL UT WOS:000301497000005 ER PT J AU Bohbot, JD Dickens, JC AF Bohbot, Jonathan D. Dickens, Joseph C. TI Odorant receptor modulation: Ternary paradigm for mode of action of insect repellents SO NEUROPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Odorant receptor; Insect repellent; Insurmountable antagonist; Aedes aegypti; VUAA1; Mosquito; Olfaction; Agonist; OrcoRAM ID MOSQUITO ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; SOUTHERN HOUSE MOSQUITO; BERMUDA GRASS INFUSIONS; CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS; OLFACTORY RECEPTORS; AEDES-AEGYPTI; MOLECULAR-BASIS; ION CHANNELS; DEET; IDENTIFICATION AB The modulation of insect behavior for the purpose of controlling the spread of infectious diseases has been the task of a few insect repellents for which the mechanistic modes of action on odorant receptors (ORs) are unclear. Here, we study the effects of the repellents DEET and IR3535, and a novel OR co-receptor (Orco) agonist on odorant-evoked currents in Xeno pus oocytes expressing two subtypes of Aedes aegypti ORs (AaORs). We show that DEET and IR3535 behave as insurmountable antagonists of ORs, and that modulation of OR activity is not restricted to antagonism and agonism, but also includes synergism. This knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying OR blockade, activation and hyperactivation will be fundamental to the development of novel strategies for the control of mosquito behavior. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bohbot, Jonathan D.; Dickens, Joseph C.] ARS, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Plant Sci Inst,Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav La, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dickens, JC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, BARC, PSI,IIBBL, Bldg 007,Rm 030,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM joseph.dickens@ars.usda.gov FU Deployed War Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program; US Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB) FX The authors are grateful to Drs. Jason Pitts (Vanderbilt University), Thomas Heinbockel and Ze-Jun Wang (Howard University) for their critical reading of the manuscript. We also thank Dr. Laurence Zwiebel for providing the AaOr10 expression vector and a small amount of VUAA1. We offer special thanks to Drs. Liezhen Fu and Yun-Bo Shi (National Institutes of Health) for graciously providing Xenopus oocytes. This work was supported in part by a grant to J.C.D. from the Deployed War Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program, funded by the US Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB). NR 56 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0028-3908 J9 NEUROPHARMACOLOGY JI Neuropharmacology PD APR PY 2012 VL 62 IS 5-6 BP 2086 EP 2095 DI 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.01.004 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 908EX UT WOS:000301474300021 PM 22269900 ER PT J AU Ford, CR Elliott, KJ Clinton, BD Kloeppel, BD Vose, JM AF Ford, Chelcy R. Elliott, Katherine J. Clinton, Barton D. Kloeppel, Brian D. Vose, James M. TI Forest dynamics following eastern hemlock mortality in the southern Appalachians SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID WOOLLY ADELGID INFESTATION; LONG-TERM CHANGES; NEW-ENGLAND; TSUGA-CANADENSIS; RHODODENDRON THICKETS; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; CANOPY GAPS; EVERGREEN UNDERSTORY; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; DOMINATED FOREST AB Understanding changes in community composition caused by invasive species is critical for predicting effects on ecosystem function, particularly when the invasive threatens a foundation species. Here we focus on dynamics of forest structure, composition and microclimate, and how these interact in southern Appalachian riparian forests following invasion by hemlock woolly adelgid, HWA, Adelges tsugae. We measured and quantified changes in microclimate; canopy mortality; canopy and shrub growth; understory species composition; and the cover and diversity in riparian forests dominated by eastern hemlock Tsuga canadensis over a period of seven years. Treatments manipulated hemlock mortality either through invasion (HWA infested stands) or girdling (GDL) hemlock trees. Mortality was rapid, with 50% hemlock tree mortality occurring after six years of invasion, in contrast to more than 50% mortality in two years following girdling. Although 50% of hemlock trees were still alive five years after infestation, leaf area lost was similar to that of girdled trees. As such, overall responses over time ( changes in light transmittance, growth, soil moisture) were identical to girdled stands with 100% mortality. Our results showed different growth responses of the canopy species, shrubs and ground layer, with the latter being substantially influenced by presence of the evergreen shrub, rhododendron Rhododendron maximum. Although ground layer richness in the infested and girdled stands increased by threefold, they did not approach levels recorded in hardwood forests without rhododendron. Increased growth of co- occurring canopy trees occurred in the first few years following hemlock decline, with similar responses in both treatments. In contrast, growth of rhododendron continued to increase over time. By the end of the study it had a 2.6- fold higher growth rate than expected, likely taking advantage of increased light available during leaf- off periods of the deciduous species. Increased growth and dominance of rhododendron may be a major determinant of future responses in southern Appalachian ecosystems; however, our results suggest hemlock will be replaced by a mix of Acer, Betula, Fagus and Quercus canopy genera where establishment is not limited by rhododendron. C1 [Ford, Chelcy R.; Elliott, Katherine J.; Clinton, Barton D.; Vose, James M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. [Kloeppel, Brian D.] Western Carolina Univ, Dept Geosci & Nat Resources, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. RP Ford, CR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. EM crford@fs.fed.us OI Miniat, Chelcy/0000-0002-3266-9783 FU USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station; NSF [DEB0218001] FX This study was supported by the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station and by NSF grant DEB0218001 to the Coweeta LTER program at the Univ. of Georgia. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or the Univ. of Georgia. We are grateful to S. Brantley, R. Cobb, K. Martin and N. Pederson for providing helpful comments on a previous version of this manuscript. We acknowledge the support of many individuals, past and present, as well as the long-term climate and hydrologic data network at Coweeta Hydrologic Lab, especially K. Bower, P. Clinton, J. P. Love, R. McCollum, N. Muldoon, A. Martin, J. Meador, S. Skolochenko, G. Taylor and G. Zausen for field work and climate data collection and processing. NR 75 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 9 U2 85 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0030-1299 EI 1600-0706 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD APR PY 2012 VL 121 IS 4 BP 523 EP 536 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19622.x PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 909BN UT WOS:000301537200006 ER PT J AU Lawrence, SD Novak, NG El Kayal, W Ju, CJT Cooke, JEK AF Lawrence, Susan D. Novak, Nicole G. El Kayal, Walid Ju, Chelsea J. -T. Cooke, Janice E. K. TI Root herbivory: molecular analysis of the maize transcriptome upon infestation by Southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE CHANGES; SPRUCE PICEA SPP.; GENE-EXPRESSION; CONIFER DEFENSE; SECONDARY METABOLITES; INDUCED RESISTANCE; DIRIGENT PROTEINS; SIGNAL SIGNATURE; PLANT IMMUNITY; ARABIDOPSIS AB While many studies have characterized changes to the transcriptome of plants attacked by shoot-eating insect pests, few have examined transcriptome-level effects of root pests. Maize (Zea mays) seedlings were subjected to infestation for approximately 2 weeks by the root herbivore southern corn rootworm (SCR) Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi, and changes in transcript abundance within both roots and shoots were analyzed using a 57K element microarray. A total of 541 genes showed statistically significant changes in transcript abundance in infested roots, including genes encoding many pathogenesis-related proteins such as chitinases, proteinase inhibitors, peroxidases and beta-1,3-glucanases. Several WRKY transcription factors often associated with biotic responses exhibited increased transcript abundance upon SCR feeding. Differentially expressed (DE) genes were also detected in shoots of infested vs control plants. Quantitative Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was used to confirm patterns of transcript abundance for several significant DE genes using an independent experiment with a 26 day period of SCR infestation. Because of the well-documented roles that jasmonic acid (JA) or salicylic acid (SA) play in herbivory responses, the effect of exogenous JA or SA application on transcript abundance corresponding to the same subset of SCR-responsive genes was assessed. The response of these genes at the level of transcript abundance to SA and JA differed between roots and shoots and also differed among the genes that were examined. These data suggested that SA- and JA-dependent and independent signals contributed to the transcriptome-level changes in maize roots and shoots in response to SCR infestation. C1 [Lawrence, Susan D.; Novak, Nicole G.] ARS, USDA, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [El Kayal, Walid; Ju, Chelsea J. -T.; Cooke, Janice E. K.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. RP Lawrence, SD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, 10,300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 011A,Room 214, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM susan.lawrence@ars.usda.gov RI Cooke, Janice /G-5906-2011 OI Cooke, Janice /0000-0002-4990-628X NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0031-9317 EI 1399-3054 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD APR PY 2012 VL 144 IS 4 BP 303 EP 319 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2011.01557.x PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 908JJ UT WOS:000301486400001 PM 22172013 ER PT J AU Simko, I Piepho, HP AF Simko, Ivan Piepho, Hans-Peter TI The Area Under the Disease Progress Stairs: Calculation, Advantage, and Application SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; LATE BLIGHT; RESISTANCE; CULTIVARS; LETTUCE; CURVE AB The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) is frequently used to combine multiple observations of disease progress into a single value. However, our analysis shows that this approach severely underestimates the effect of the first and last observation. To get a better estimate of disease progress, we have developed a new formula termed the area under the disease progress stairs (AUDPS). The AUDPS approach improves the estimation of disease progress by giving a weight closer to optimal to the first and last observations. Analysis of real data indicates that AUDPS outperforms AUDPC in most of the tested trials and may be less precise than AUDPC only when assessments in the first or last observations have a comparatively large variance. We propose using AUDPS and its standardized (sAUDPS) and relative (rAUDPS) forms when combining multiple observations from disease progress experiments into a single value. C1 [Simko, Ivan] USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Res Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Piepho, Hans-Peter] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Kulturpflanzenwissensch, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Simko, I (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Res Unit, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM ivan.simko@ars.usda.gov RI Simko, Ivan/J-6048-2012; OI Simko, Ivan/0000-0002-8769-8477; Piepho, Hans-Peter/0000-0001-7813-2992 NR 14 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 4 BP 381 EP 389 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-07-11-0216 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 907RA UT WOS:000301433900003 PM 22122266 ER PT J AU Adhikari, TB Gurung, S Hansen, JM Bonman, JM AF Adhikari, Tika B. Gurung, Suraj Hansen, Jana M. Bonman, J. Michael TI Pathogenic and Genetic Diversity of Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa in North Dakota SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE linkage disequilibrium; resistance; Triticum aestivum; virulence ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SMALL GRAINS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; BACTERIAL STREAK; DNA-SEQUENCES; BREAD WHEAT; BLACK CHAFF; REP-PCR; CAMPESTRIS AB Bacterial leaf streak (BLS), caused by Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa, has become more prevalent recently in North Dakota and neighboring states. From five locations in North Dakota, 226 strains of X. translucens pv. undulosa were collected and evaluated for pathogenicity and then selected strains were inoculated on a set of 12 wheat cultivars and other cereal hosts. The genetic diversity of all strains was determined using repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) and insertion sequence-based (IS)-PCR. Bacterial strains were pathogenic on wheat and barley but symptom severity was greatest on wheat. Strains varied greatly in aggressiveness, and wheat cultivars also showed differential responses to several strains. The 16S ribosomal DNA sequences of the strains were identical, and distinct from those of the other Xanthomonas pathovars. Combined rep-PCR and IS-PCR data produced 213 haplotypes. Similar haplotypes were detected in more than one location. Although diversity was greatest (approximate to a parts per thousand 92%) among individuals within a location, statistically significant (P < 0.001 or 0.05) genetic differentiation among locations was estimated, indicating geographic differentiation between pathogen populations. The results of this study provide information on the pathogen diversity in North Dakota, which will be useful to better identify and characterize resistant germplasm. C1 [Adhikari, Tika B.; Gurung, Suraj; Hansen, Jana M.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Bonman, J. Michael] USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Adhikari, TB (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Dept 7660,POB 6050, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM tadhikari31@yahoo.com FU Wheat Research and Promotion Council, Minnesota; United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service [58-5366-0-133] FX We thank the Wheat Research and Promotion Council, Minnesota, and United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service specific cooperative agreement 58-5366-0-133 for financial support for this project;. D. Norman and C. Bragard for providing DNA and reference strains; and J. Patel and D. Soni for their assistance. NR 62 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 4 BP 390 EP 402 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-07-11-0201 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 907RA UT WOS:000301433900004 PM 22204654 ER PT J AU Weller, DM Mavrodi, DV van Pelt, JA Pieterse, CMJ van Loon, LC Bakker, PAHM AF Weller, David M. Mavrodi, Dmitri V. van Pelt, Johan A. Pieterse, Corne M. J. van Loon, Leendert C. Bakker, Peter A. H. M. TI Induced Systemic Resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana Against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato by 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol-Producing Pseudomonas fluorescens SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALL DECLINE SOILS; SP STRAIN WCS417R; FUSARIUM-WILT; SALICYLIC-ACID; GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; TAKE-ALL; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; AERUGINOSA 7NSK2; WHEAT AB Pseudomonas fluorescens strains that produce the polyketide antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) are among the most effective rhizobacteria that suppress root and crown rots, wilts, and damping-off diseases of a variety of crops, and they play a key role in the natural suppressiveness of some soils to certain soilborne pathogens. Root colonization by 2,4-DAPG-producing P. fluorescens strains Pf-5 (genotype A), Q2-87 (genotype B), Q8r1-96 (genotype D), and HT5-1 (genotype N) produced induced systemic resistance (ISR) in Arabidopsis thaliana accession Col-0 against bacterial speck caused by P. syringae pv. tomato. The ISR-eliciting activity of the four bacterial genotypes was similar, and all genotypes were equivalent in activity to the well-characterized strain P. fluorescens WCS417r. The 2,4-DAPG biosynthetic locus consists of the genes phlHGF and phlACBDE. phlD or phlBC mutants of Q2-87 (2,4-DAPG minus) were significantly reduced in ISR activity, and genetic complementation of the mutants restored ISR activity back to wild-type levels. A phlF regulatory mutant (overproducer of 2,4-DAPG) had ISR activity equivalent to the wild-type Q2-87. Introduction of DAPG into soil at concentrations of 10 to 250 mu M 4 days before challenge inoculation induced resistance equivalent to or better than the bacteria. Strain Q2-87 induced resistance on transgenic NahG plants but not on npr1-1, jar1, and etr1 Arabidopsis mutants. These results indicate that the antibiotic 2,4-DAPG is a major determinant of ISR in 2,4-DAPG-producing P. fluorescens, that the genotype of the strain does not affect its ISR activity, and that the activity induced by these bacteria operates through the ethylene- and jasmonic acid-dependent signal transduction pathway. C1 [Weller, David M.] USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Mavrodi, Dmitri V.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [van Pelt, Johan A.; Pieterse, Corne M. J.; van Loon, Leendert C.; Bakker, Peter A. H. M.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Environm Biol, NL-3508 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Weller, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM wellerd@wsu.edu RI Pieterse, Corne/A-9326-2011; Bakker, Peter/B-9355-2011; Mavrodi, Dmitri/J-2745-2013 OI Pieterse, Corne/0000-0002-5473-4646; FU "Willie Commelin Scholten" Foundation; Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) FX D.M. Weller was the recipient of fellowships from the "Willie Commelin Scholten" Foundation and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), which supported the work. He is deeply grateful to his co-authors at Utrecht University for allowing him to work in their facilities and for their advice, assistance, and support in conducting this research. We thank R.F. Bonsall for HPLC analysis of 2,4-DAPG production and N.D. Weller for assistance with ISR assays. NR 67 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 51 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 4 BP 403 EP 412 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-08-11-0222 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 907RA UT WOS:000301433900005 PM 22409433 ER PT J AU Duressa, D Rauscher, G Koike, ST Mou, BQ Hayes, RJ Maruthachalam, K Subbarao, KV Klosterman, SJ AF Duressa, Dechassa Rauscher, Gilda Koike, Steven T. Mou, Beiquan Hayes, Ryan J. Maruthachalam, Karunakaran Subbarao, Krishna V. Klosterman, Steven J. TI A Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection and Quantification of Verticillium dahliae in Spinach Seed SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; QUANTITATIVE PCR; OILSEED RAPE; SOIL SAMPLES; BARLEY SEED; FUSARIUM; IDENTIFICATION; LONGISPORUM; PATHOGENS; PLANT AB Verticillium dahliae is a soilborne fungus that causes Verticillium wilt on multiple crops in central coastal California. Although spinach crops grown in this region for fresh and processing commercial production do not display Verticillium wilt symptoms, spinach seeds produced in the United States or Europe are commonly infected with V. dahliae. Planting of the infected seed increases the soil inoculum density and may introduce exotic strains that contribute to Verticillium wilt epidemics on lettuce and other crops grown in rotation with spinach. A sensitive, rapid, and reliable method for quantification of V. dahliae in spinach seed may help identify highly infected lots, curtail their planting, and minimize the spread of exotic strains via spinach seed. In this study, a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was optimized and employed for detection and quantification of V. dahliae in spinach germplasm and 15 commercial spinach seed lots. The assay used a previously reported V. dahliae-specific primer pair (VertBt-F and VertBt-R) and an analytical mill for grinding tough spinach seed for DNA extraction. The assay enabled reliable quantification of V. dahliae in spinach seed, with a sensitivity limit of approximate to a parts per thousand 1 infected seed per 100 (1.3% infection in a seed lot). The quantification was highly reproducible between replicate samples of a seed lot and in different real-time PCR instruments. When tested on commercial seed lots, a pathogen DNA content corresponding to a quantification cycle value of >= 31 corresponded with a percent seed infection of < 1.3%. The assay is useful in qualitatively assessing seed lots for V. dahliae infection levels, and the results of the assay can be helpful to guide decisions on whether to apply seed treatments. C1 [Duressa, Dechassa; Rauscher, Gilda; Mou, Beiquan; Hayes, Ryan J.; Klosterman, Steven J.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA USA. [Koike, Steven T.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA USA. [Maruthachalam, Karunakaran; Subbarao, Krishna V.] Univ Calif Davis, Salinas, CA USA. RP Klosterman, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA USA. EM Steve.Klosterman@ars.usda.gov OI Subbarao, Krishna/0000-0002-2075-1835 FU California Department of Food and Agriculture; California Leafy Greens Research Program FX We thank the California Department of Food and Agriculture-Specialty Crop Block Grant and the California Leafy Greens Research Program for funding, A. Anchieta and K. Kammeijer for technical assistance, F. Martin for review of the manuscript, and Z. Atallah and G. Bilodeau for advice. NR 46 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 4 BP 443 EP 451 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-10-11-0280 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 907RA UT WOS:000301433900010 PM 22236050 ER PT J AU Wang, XP Singer, SD Liu, ZR AF Wang, Xiping Singer, Stacy D. Liu, Zongrang TI Silencing of meiosis-critical genes for engineering male sterility in plants SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; Gene containment; Gene silencing; Meiosis; RNAi; Sterility ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; TISSUE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; ZINC-FINGER GENE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; BIVALENT FORMATION; POLLEN ABORTION; CAMV 35S; PROMOTER; TRANSGENE; BARNASE AB The potential for pollen-mediated transgene flow into wild or closely related species has provoked unease in terms of transgenic modification of agricultural plant species. One approach to remedy this situation in species whose seeds and fruits are not of particular value is to engineer male sterility into the transgenic lines. In this study, three meiosis-critical genes, namely AHP2, AtRAD51C and SWITCH1 (SWI), were chosen as silencing targets to test the feasibility of incorporating sterility into plants using an RNAi-based approach. Our results indicated that the silencing of each of these genes via hairpin RNA (termed AHPi, RAD51Ci and SWIi lines) in Arabidopsis thaliana yielded a proportion of transgenic plants exhibiting a similar 'partially sterile' phenotype in which less than 50% of pollen was viable. In addition, a 'sterile' phenotype was also evident in a minority of RAD51Ci and SWIi, but not AHPi, lines in which plants yielded no seeds and either produced inviable pollen (RAD51Ci lines) or displayed a complete absence of pollen (SWIi lines). This suggests that AtRAD51C and SWI may function at distinct stages of meiosis. Further analyses of SWIi lines demonstrated that the 'sterile' phenotype was associated with a substantial reduction in the level of targeted gene transcript in floral tissues and resulted from sterility of the male, but not female gametes. This work demonstrates that generating male sterility through the silencing of key genes involved in the regulation of meiosis is feasible, and its advantages and potential applications for transgene containment are discussed. C1 [Wang, Xiping; Singer, Stacy D.; Liu, Zongrang] ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Liu, ZR (reprint author), ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, USDA, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM zongrang.liu@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2007-03054] FX We would like to thank Mr. Dennis Bennett for his excellent technical assistance. This study was funded by a USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Biotechnology Risk Assessment Research grant (2007-03054). NR 43 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 4 BP 747 EP 756 DI 10.1007/s00299-011-1193-9 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 909VU UT WOS:000301594800013 PM 22120011 ER PT J AU Jiang, TB Fountain, J Davis, G Kemerait, R Scully, B Lee, RD Guo, BZ AF Jiang, Tingbo Fountain, Jake Davis, Georgia Kemerait, Robert Scully, Brian Lee, R. Dewey Guo, Baozhu TI Root Morphology and Gene Expression Analysis in Response to Drought Stress in Maize (Zea mays) SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER LA English DT Article DE Water-deficit stress; Phytohormone; Polyethylene glycol; Real-time PCR; Zea mays ID PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEIN; PREHARVEST AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; ABSCISIC-ACID; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; WATER-DEFICIT; SHOOT TRAITS; MYO-INOSITOL-1-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; MYOINOSITOL METABOLISM; 1-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB Water-deficit stress tolerance is a complex trait, and water deficit results in various physiological and chemical changes in maize (Zea mays L.) and exacerbates pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination. The objective of this study was to characterize the variations in morphology, physiology, and gene expression in two contrasting inbred lines, Lo964 and Lo1016, in order to understand the differences in response to water-deficit stress. The results revealed that Lo964 was less sensitive to water-deficit stress, and had a strong lateral root system and a higher root/shoot ratio in comparison to Lo1016. In response to water-deficit stress by comparing stressed versus well-watered conditions, abscisic acid syntheses were increased in leaves, roots, and kernels of both Lo964 and Lo1016, but by different magnitudes. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was undetectable in the leaves and roots of either genotype regardless of treatments, but increases of 58% and 8% in IAA concentration were observed in 20 DAP kernels, in response to water-deficit stress, respectively. The expression of the MIPS was up-regulated 7-fold in leaf tissues of Lo964 compared to Lo1016 at watered conditions, but decreased significantly to similar levels in both genotypes at water-deficit conditions. ZmPR10 and ZmFer1 expressions tended to up-regulate although ZmPR10 was expressed higher in root tissue while ZmFer1 was expressed higher in leaf tissue. Further study is needed to confirm if Lo964 has reduced aflatoxin contamination associated with the drought tolerance in the field in order to utilize the resistant trait in breeding. C1 [Fountain, Jake; Scully, Brian; Guo, Baozhu] ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, USDA, Tifton, GA USA. [Jiang, Tingbo; Kemerait, Robert] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Jiang, Tingbo] NE Forestry Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Forest Tree Genet Improvement & Biotechno, Harbin, Peoples R China. [Fountain, Jake] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Davis, Georgia] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Lee, R. Dewey] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA USA. RP Guo, BZ (reprint author), ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, USDA, Tifton, GA USA. EM baozhu.guo@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service; Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Corn FX We thank Billy Wilson and Stephanie Lee for technical assistance in the field and the laboratory. Seeds of both inbred lines Lo964 and L01016 were provided by Doug Davis, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO. This research was partially supported by funds provided by the USDA Agricultural Research Service and the Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Corn. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 63 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0735-9640 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL REP JI Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. PD APR PY 2012 VL 30 IS 2 BP 360 EP 369 DI 10.1007/s11105-011-0347-9 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 909VQ UT WOS:000301594300011 ER PT J AU Dennis, RL Cheng, HW AF Dennis, R. L. Cheng, H. W. TI Effects of selective serotonin antagonism on central neurotransmission SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE laying hen; serotonin; 5-HT1A; 5-HT1B; genetics ID MULTIPLE-HEN CAGES; AGGRESSION; ADAPTATION; DOPAMINE; RESPONSES; CORTICOSTERONE; HYPOTHALAMUS; MECHANISMS; MEDIATION; CATS AB Aggression and cannibalism in laying hens can differ in intensity and degree due to many factors, including genetics. Previous behavioral analysis of 2 strains of White Leghorns, DeKalb XL (DXL) and HGPS (a group-selected line for high group productivity and survivability), revealed high and low aggressive phenotypes, respectively. However, the exact genetic mechanisms mediating aggressiveness are currently unknown. Analysis of serotonin (5-HT) mediation of aggression in subordinate hens of these strains revealed increases in aggression in DXL hens following antagonism of the 5-HT1A receptor and in HGPS hens following antagonism of the 5-HT1B receptor. Here, we investigate the different neurotransmitter response in the hypothalamus and raphe nucleus mediating these aggressive responses to receptor antagonism. Elevated aggressive response to 5-HT1B antagonism by HGPS hens was also accompanied by a decrease in raphe nucleus dopamine (DA) and an increase in DA turnover. Increased aggressiveness in DXL hens did not coincide with a reduction in raphe nucleus 5-HT or turnover (as indicated by 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels) following 5-HT1A antagonism. A reduction in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (but not 5-HT) was seen in HGPS hens treated with 5-HT1A antagonist; however, these hens exhibited no change in aggressive behaviors. Our data show evidence of different heritable mechanisms of neurotransmitter regulation of aggressive response, specifically heritable differences in the interaction between 5-HT and catecholamines in regulating aggression. C1 [Dennis, R. L.; Cheng, H. W.] ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, USDA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Cheng, HW (reprint author), ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, USDA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Heng-wei.Cheng@ars.usda.gov FU Livestock Behavior Research Unit in West Lafayette, Indiana FX The authors acknowledge the help and support of the faculty, staff, and graduate students at the Livestock Behavior Research Unit in West Lafayette, Indiana. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 14 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR 1 PY 2012 VL 91 IS 4 BP 817 EP 822 DI 10.3382/ps.2011-01779 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 906HF UT WOS:000301334800005 PM 22399719 ER PT J AU Kim, EJ Corzo, A AF Kim, E. J. Corzo, A. TI Interactive effects of age, sex, and strain on apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of soybean meal and an animal by-product blend in broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE amino acid digestibility; soybean meal; meat and bone meal ID FEED INGREDIENTS; DIETARY FORMULATION; CHICKENS; PERFORMANCE; ROOSTERS; PROTEIN; GROWTH; COCKERELS; INTESTINE; DIGESTION AB The objectives of this study were to determine if age, sex, and strain of broilers affect the apparent ileal amino acid digestibility (AID) of soybean meal and an animal by-product blend. Chicks from 2 broiler strains, 1 commercially available and the other in the test phase, were obtained from a common hatchery, feather-sexed, and placed into floor pens. The birds received common diets while on floor pens. Birds were transferred to metabolism crates for 2 ileal digestibility trials conducted at 3 and 6 wk of age. Two semipurified diets were formulated with each of the feed ingredients providing all of the amino acids (AA) in the diets. Diets were formulated to contain 20% CP, with chromic oxide added to the diet at 0.30% as the indigestible marker. The experimental diets were fed for a 72-h period after an overnight fast to 8 replicate cages of 5 birds per cage. Upon completion of the experimental periods (i.e., d 22 and 43), birds were euthanized and ileal digesta samples were collected and pooled by pen, frozen, lyophilized, and analyzed for AA and chromium concentrations. For soybean meal, no main effects were observed for age, sex, or strain; however, significant (P <= 0.05) 3-way interactions were observed for several dispensable and indispensable AA. Statistical analyses of these interactions indicate the AID of soybean meal may be different for 42-d males of the test strain. For the animal by-product blend, only main effects were significant for each AA, with the exception of Ile and Tyr. Main effect of strain was observed for most of the AA, showing that the commercially available strain had higher AID than the test strain. Also, significant main effect of age indicated that the AID for animal by-product blend was higher at 42 d than at 21 d. Evaluation of these 2 ingredients showed that age, sex, and strain may affect digestibility of feedstuffs and should be considered independently or interactively, for some cases, in future investigations as sources of variation in AA digestibility. C1 [Kim, E. J.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Corzo, A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Kim, EJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Elizabeth.Kim@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR 1 PY 2012 VL 91 IS 4 BP 908 EP 917 DI 10.3382/ps.2011-01820 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 906HF UT WOS:000301334800016 PM 22399730 ER PT J AU Swaggerty, CL He, H Genovese, KJ Duke, SE Kogut, MH AF Swaggerty, C. L. He, H. Genovese, K. J. Duke, S. E. Kogut, M. H. TI Loxoribine pretreatment reduces Salmonella Enteritidis organ invasion in 1-day-old chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chicken; immunomodulation; loxoribine; Salmonella Enteritidis; toll-like receptor ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-7; AVIAN INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; SUSCEPTIBLE CHICKENS; IMMUNE LYMPHOKINES; NEONATAL CHICKENS; TLR9 SUBFAMILY; HETEROPHILS; ACTIVATION; CYTOKINE; EXPRESSION AB Young poultry exhibit a transient colonization by some food-borne pathogens, including Salmonella, during the first week of life that stems from immature innate and acquired defense mechanisms. Consequently, modulation of the hosts' natural immune response is emerging as an important area of interest for food animal producers, including the poultry industry. Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists have been shown to boost the innate immune response in young chickens and increase their resistance to colonization by Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. The objective of the present study was to determine if pretreatment with loxoribine, a TLR7 agonist and immune modulator, protects young chicks from Salmonella Enteritidis organ invasion. Loxoribine (0-100 mu g) was administered intra-abdominally to 1-d-old broiler chicks, and 4 h later, the birds were challenged orally with Salmonella Enteritidis. Twenty-four hours postchallenge, birds were euthanized and the liver and spleen aseptically removed and cultured for Salmonella Enteritidis. This was carried out on 3 separate occasions using 26 to 50 chicks per dose per experiment. Pretreatment of chicks with loxoribine (6.25-25 mu g) significantly (P <= 0.05) reduced liver and spleen organ invasion by Salmonella Enteritidis. Higher doses (50-100 mu g) of loxoribine had no effect. The results obtained in this study indicate that there is a potential application for using loxoribine to increase protection of young chicks when they are most susceptible to infections with Salmonella. C1 [Swaggerty, C. L.; He, H.; Genovese, K. J.; Duke, S. E.; Kogut, M. H.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Swaggerty, CL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM christi.swaggerty@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR 1 PY 2012 VL 91 IS 4 BP 1038 EP 1042 DI 10.3382/ps.2011-01939 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 906HF UT WOS:000301334800031 PM 22399745 ER PT J AU Traub-Dargatz, J Kopral, C Wagner, B AF Traub-Dargatz, Josie Kopral, Christine Wagner, Bruce TI Relationship of biosecuriy practices with the use of antibiotics for the treatment of infectious disease on US equine operations SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Biosecurity; Equine operations; Antibiotic use AB This study is the first report estimating, on a national basis, the use of various biosecurity practices, singly and in combination, on U.S. equine operations. Use of biosecurity practices is described for operations by risk level, based on reported exposure of resident horses to outside horses during the previous 12 months. In addition, the association between use of various biosecurity practices and use of antibiotics to treat infectious disease in both adult equids and foals is reported. The comparison of these study findings with previously reported data in the literature is limited by the fact that few estimates of biosecurity practice use on equine operations have been reported and none has been published on a national basis beyond those in the National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) equine reports. A total of 78.5% of operations had some risk of exposure of resident horses to outside horses between summer 2004 and the time of the interview in summer 2005. For the majority of biosecurity practices, there was a significant (p<0.05) difference between different exposure risk levels in the percentage of operations using the practice. A higher percentage of high- and medium-risk operations implemented a combination of 4 or more biosecurity practices compared to low-risk operations. There was less use of antibiotics to treat infectious disease in adult horses on operations that required those who visit the operation to use separate equipment, change clothes/overalls, disinfect boots and equipment, or park vehicles away from animals than on those that did not. None of the other biosecurity practices were associated with use of antibiotics in adult horses and none of the biosecurity practices included in this study was associated with use of antibiotics in foals. For adults the use of antibiotics for infectious disease increased with decreasing herd size; this trend was reversed for antibiotic use in foals. The effect of exposure risk level was different for adults and foals. For adults, antibiotic use was lower for operations at higher risk; for foals, antibiotic use was higher for operations at higher risk. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Traub-Dargatz, Josie] Colorado State Univ, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Diagnost Med Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kopral, Christine; Wagner, Bruce] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Traub-Dargatz, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Diagnost Med Ctr, 300 W Drake Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Josie.Traub-Dargatz@colostate.edu NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 EI 1873-1716 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD APR 1 PY 2012 VL 104 IS 1-2 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.10.003 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 905WO UT WOS:000301307100012 PM 22037392 ER PT J AU Miller, WG Chapman, MH Yee, E On, SLW McNulty, DK Lastovica, AJ Carroll, AM McNamara, EB Duffy, G Mandrell, RE AF Miller, William G. Chapman, Mary H. Yee, Emma On, Stephen L. W. McNulty, Desmond K. Lastovica, Albert J. Carroll, Anne M. McNamara, Eleanor B. Duffy, Geraldine Mandrell, Robert E. TI Multilocus sequence typing methods for the emerging Campylobacter species C. hyointestinalis, C. lanienae, C. sputorum, C. concisus, and C. curvus SO FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MLST; emerging; Campylobacter hyointestinalis; Campylobacter lanienae; Campylobacter concisus; Campylobacter curvus; Campylobacter sputorum ID JEJUNI; CATTLE; PARAUREOLYTICUS; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; DISEASE; SYSTEM; STATES; SPP.; COLI AB Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) systems have been reported previously for multiple food- and food animal-associated Campylobacter species (e.g., C. jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, and C. fetus) to both differentiate strains and identify clonal lineages. These MLST methods focused primarily on campylobacters of human clinical (e.g., C. jejuni) or veterinary (e.g., C. fetus) relevance. However, other, emerging, Campylobacter species have been isolated increasingly from environmental, food animal, or human clinical samples. We describe herein four MLST methods for five emerging Campylobacter species: C. hyointestinalis, C. lanienae, C. sputorum, C. concisus, and C. curvus. The concisus/curvus method uses the loci aspA, atpA, glnA, gltA, glyA, ilvD, and pgm, whereas the other methods use the seven loci defined for C. jejuni (i.e., aspA, atpA, glnA, gltA, glyA, pgm, and tkt). Multiple food animal and human clinical C. hyointestinalis (n = 48), C. lanienae (n = 34), and C. sputorum (n = 24) isolates were typed, along with 86 human clinical C. concisus and C. curvus isolates. A large number of sequence types were identified using all four MLST methods. Additionally, these methods speciated unequivocally isolates that had been typed ambiguously using other molecular-based speciation methods, such as 16S rDNA sequencing. Finally, the design of degenerate primer pairs for some methods permitted the typing of related species; for example, the C. hyointestinalis primer pairs could be used to type C. fetus strains. Therefore, these novel Campylobacter MLST methods will prove useful in differentiating strains of multiple, emerging Campylobacter species. C1 [Miller, William G.; Chapman, Mary H.; Yee, Emma; Mandrell, Robert E.] ARS, USDA, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [On, Stephen L. W.] Inst Environm Sci & Res Ltd, Christchurch Sci Ctr, Christchurch, New Zealand. [McNulty, Desmond K.; Carroll, Anne M.; McNamara, Eleanor B.] Cherry Orchard Hosp, Hlth Serv Execut, Publ Hlth Lab, Dublin, Ireland. [Lastovica, Albert J.] Univ Western Cape, Dept Biotechnol, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. [Duffy, Geraldine] Teagasc Food Res Ctr, Food Safety Dept, Dublin, Ireland. RP Miller, WG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, WRRC, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM william.miller@ars.usda.gov FU National Research Initiative Competitive Grant from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2006-55212-16927, 2007-35212-18239]; USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS [5325-42000-044, 5325-42000-045] FX We thank Nate Simon for technical assistance in the C. hyointestinalis strain typing. We thank Dr. Birgitta Duim for critical reading of this manuscript. We thank also S. Chandler, D. Orthmeyer, G. Baird-Kavanaugh, and S. Hee for providing some of the wildlife and environmental samples; and E. R. Atwill, M. Jay-Russell for their support in projects that supported partially this research and funded by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant nos. 2006-55212-16927 and 2007-35212-18239 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. This work was supported mostly by USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS projects 5325-42000-044 and -045. This publication made use of the Campylobacter Multilocus Sequence Typing website (http://pubmlst.org/campylobacter/) developed by Keith Jolley at the University of Oxford (Jolley and Maiden, 2010). NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 2235-2988 J9 FRONT CELL INFECT MI JI Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 2 AR UNSP 45 DI 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00045 PG 12 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 220ZR UT WOS:000324627000007 PM 22919636 ER PT J AU Thomson, MJ Zhao, KY Wright, M McNally, KL Rey, J Tung, CW Reynolds, A Scheffler, B Eizenga, G McClung, A Kim, H Ismail, AM de Ocampo, M Mojica, C Reveche, MY Dilla-Ermita, CJ Mauleon, R Leung, H Bustamante, C McCouch, SR AF Thomson, Michael J. Zhao, Keyan Wright, Mark McNally, Kenneth L. Rey, Jessica Tung, Chih-Wei Reynolds, Andy Scheffler, Brian Eizenga, Georgia McClung, Anna Kim, Hyunjung Ismail, Abdelbagi M. de Ocampo, Marjorie Mojica, Chromewell Reveche, Ma. Ymber Dilla-Ermita, Christine J. Mauleon, Ramil Leung, Hei Bustamante, Carlos McCouch, Susan R. TI High-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping for breeding applications in rice using the BeadXpress platform SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Oryza sativa; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Illumina BeadXpress reader ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; ORYZA-SATIVA; SNP; DIVERSITY; POPULATION; LANDRACES; VARIETIES; GENETICS; SEQUENCE; REVEALS AB Multiplexed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers have the potential to increase the speed and cost-effectiveness of genotyping, provided that an optimal SNP density is used for each application. To test the efficiency of multiplexed SNP genotyping for diversity, mapping and breeding applications in rice (Oryza sativa L.), we designed seven GoldenGate VeraCode oligo pool assay (OPA) sets for the Illumina BeadXpress Reader. Validated markers from existing 1536 Illumina SNPs and 44 K Affymetrix SNP chips developed at Cornell University were used to select subsets of informative SNPs for different germplasm groups with even distribution across the genome. A 96-plex OPA was developed for quality control purposes and for assigning a sample into one of the five O. sativa population subgroups. Six 384-plex OPAs were designed for genetic diversity analysis, DNA fingerprinting, and to have evenly-spaced polymorphic markers for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and background selection for crosses between different germplasm pools in rice: Indica/Indica, Indica/Japonica, Japonica/Japonica, Indica/O. rufipogon, and Japonica/O. rufipogon. After testing on a diverse set of rice varieties, two of the SNP sets were re-designed by replacing poor-performing SNPs. Pilot studies were successfully performed for diversity analysis, QTL mapping, marker-assisted backcrossing, and developing specialized genetic stocks, demonstrating that 384-plex SNP genotyping on the BeadXpress platform is a robust and efficient method for marker genotyping in rice. C1 [Wright, Mark; Tung, Chih-Wei; Kim, Hyunjung; McCouch, Susan R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Thomson, Michael J.; McNally, Kenneth L.; Rey, Jessica; Ismail, Abdelbagi M.; de Ocampo, Marjorie; Mojica, Chromewell; Reveche, Ma. Ymber; Dilla-Ermita, Christine J.; Mauleon, Ramil; Leung, Hei] Int Rice Res Inst, Manila, Philippines. [Zhao, Keyan; Reynolds, Andy; Bustamante, Carlos] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol Stat & Computat Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Zhao, Keyan; Bustamante, Carlos] Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Scheffler, Brian] USDA ARS, Genom & Bioinformat Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Eizenga, Georgia; McClung, Anna] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP McCouch, SR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, 162 Emerson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM srm4@cornell.edu OI Wright, Mark/0000-0001-8036-1161; McNally, Kenneth/0000-0002-9613-5537; TUNG, CHIH-WEI/0000-0001-5337-0177; Thomson, Michael/0000-0003-1868-6867; Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU International Rice Research Institute; German Federal Ministry of Development (BMZ/GTZ); government of Japan; U.S. National Science Foundation [0606461]; U.S. Department of Agriculture (CRIS) [0219056] FX We thank Dennis Lozada, Erwin Tandayu, Pauline Capistrano and Socorro Carandang for excellent technical assistance with the BeadXpress Reader at IRRI. This research was supported in part by the International Rice Research Institute, the German Federal Ministry of Development (BMZ/GTZ), the government of Japan, and by grants from the U.S. National Science Foundation (Award # 0606461) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (CRIS # 0219056) to S. R. M. and C. B. USDA-ARS support staff, Melissa Jia and Sheron Simpson at Stuttgart, Arkansas and Stoneville, MS, respectively, are acknowledged for DNA preparation of samples for running on RiceOPA 4.0. NR 32 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD APR PY 2012 VL 29 IS 4 SI SI BP 875 EP 886 DI 10.1007/s11032-011-9663-x PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 950JP UT WOS:000304645700004 ER PT J AU Anderson, DD Oak, SW Enebak, SA Eckhardt, LG AF Anderson, D. D. Oak, S. W. Enebak, S. A. Eckhardt, L. G. TI Comparison of stream baiting protocols for recovering Phytophthora ramorum from streams and nursery discharge SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Southern-Division CY FEB 05-06, 2012 CL Birmingham, AL SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), So Div C1 [Anderson, D. D.; Enebak, S. A.; Eckhardt, L. G.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Forest Hlth Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Oak, S. W.] US Forest Serv, Asheville, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 4 SU 2 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SQ UT WOS:000322797000003 ER PT J AU Culbreath, AK Branch, WD Holbrook, CC Gorbet, DW Tillman, BL AF Culbreath, A. K. Branch, W. D. Holbrook, C. C. Gorbet, D. W. Tillman, B. L. TI Peanut cultivar improvements in field resistance to Tomato spotted wilt virus in the southeastern US SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Southern-Division CY FEB 05-06, 2012 CL Birmingham, AL SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), So Div C1 [Culbreath, A. K.; Branch, W. D.] Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA USA. [Holbrook, C. C.] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA USA. [Gorbet, D. W.; Tillman, B. L.] Univ Florida, NFREC, Marianna, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 4 SU 2 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SQ UT WOS:000322797000009 ER PT J AU Feng, S Chen, X Liu, Z Holbrook, C Culbreath, A Guo, B AF Feng, S. Chen, X. Liu, Z. Holbrook, C. Culbreath, A. Guo, B. TI Identification of putative TSWV resistance genes and development of gene-specific marker in peanut SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Southern-Division CY FEB 05-06, 2012 CL Birmingham, AL SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), So Div C1 [Chen, X.] Guangdong Acad Agr Sci, Crop Res Inst, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Holbrook, C.] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Breeding Unit, Tifton, GA USA. [Guo, B.] ARS, USDA, Crop Protect & Management Unit, Sacramento, CA USA. [Feng, S.; Liu, Z.; Culbreath, A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 4 SU 2 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SQ UT WOS:000322797000014 ER PT J AU Gill, RK Culbreath, AK Holbrook, C Ozias-Akins, P AF Gill, R. K. Culbreath, A. K. Holbrook, C. Ozias-Akins, P. TI Characterization of a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population for resistance to late leaf spot in cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea) SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Southern-Division CY FEB 05-06, 2012 CL Birmingham, AL SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), So Div C1 [Gill, R. K.; Culbreath, A. K.; Ozias-Akins, P.] Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA USA. [Holbrook, C.] ARS, USDA, Tifton, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 4 SU 2 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SQ UT WOS:000322797000020 ER PT J AU Hagan, AK Bowen, KL Rocateli, AC Raper, RL Arriaga, FJ Balkcom, KS AF Hagan, A. K. Bowen, K. L. Rocateli, A. C. Raper, R. L. Arriaga, F. J. Balkcom, K. S. TI Production practices impact anthracnose severity and biomass yield of selected sorghum varieties SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Southern-Division CY FEB 05-06, 2012 CL Birmingham, AL SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), So Div C1 [Hagan, A. K.; Bowen, K. L.; Rocateli, A. C.; Arriaga, F. J.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Balkcom, K. S.] ARS, USDA, Auburn, AL USA. [Raper, R. L.] ARS, USDA, Booneville, AK USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 4 SU 2 BP 5 EP 5 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SQ UT WOS:000322797000024 ER PT J AU Liu, Z Culbreath, A Guo, B AF Liu, Z. Culbreath, A. Guo, B. TI Identification and characterization of expressed resistance gene analogs (RGAs) from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) expressed sequence tags (ESTs) SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Southern-Division CY FEB 05-06, 2012 CL Birmingham, AL SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), So Div C1 [Guo, B.] ARS, USDA, Crop Protect & Management Unit, Sacramento, CA USA. [Liu, Z.; Culbreath, A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 4 SU 2 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SQ UT WOS:000322797000036 ER PT J AU Gine, PAN Culbreath, AK Tillman, BL Holbrook, C Branch, WD AF Gine, P. A. Navia Culbreath, A. K. Tillman, B. L. Holbrook, C. Branch, W. D. TI Relationships among defoliation by leaf spot, canopy reflectance and yield in new runner-type peanut cultivars SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Southern-Division CY FEB 05-06, 2012 CL Birmingham, AL SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), So Div C1 [Branch, W. D.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA USA. [Gine, P. A. Navia; Culbreath, A. K.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Tillman, B. L.] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, North Florida REC, Marianna, FL USA. [Holbrook, C.] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 4 SU 2 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SQ UT WOS:000322797000041 ER PT J AU Miller-Butler, MA Curry, KJ Kreiser, BR Smith, BJ AF Miller-Butler, M. A. Curry, K. J. Kreiser, B. R. Smith, B. J. TI Visual and electronic comparisons of detached strawberry leaves inoculated with two Colletotrichum species SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Southern-Division CY FEB 05-06, 2012 CL Birmingham, AL SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), So Div C1 [Smith, B. J.] ARS, USDA, Poplarville, MS USA. [Miller-Butler, M. A.; Curry, K. J.; Kreiser, B. R.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 4 SU 2 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SQ UT WOS:000322797000040 ER PT J AU Solorzano, C Abbas, H Weaver, M Chang, P Jones, W AF Solorzano, C. Abbas, H. Weaver, M. Chang, P. Jones, W. TI Aspergillus flavus genetic diversity of corn fields treated with non-toxigenic strain Aflaguard (R) in the southern US SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Southern-Division CY FEB 05-06, 2012 CL Birmingham, AL SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), So Div C1 [Chang, P.] ARS, USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. [Solorzano, C.; Abbas, H.; Weaver, M.; Jones, W.] ARS, USDA, Stoneville, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 4 SU 2 BP 9 EP 9 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SQ UT WOS:000322797000047 ER PT J AU Vines, P Tomaso-Peterson, M Crouch, J AF Vines, P. Tomaso-Peterson, M. Crouch, J. TI Diagnosis of centipedegrass anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum eremochloae sp nov. SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Southern-Division CY FEB 05-06, 2012 CL Birmingham, AL SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), So Div C1 [Vines, P.; Tomaso-Peterson, M.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Crouch, J.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 4 SU 2 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SQ UT WOS:000322797000052 ER PT J AU Wisotsky, S Parker, J Navarrete, F Hilf, M Sims, K De la Fuente, L AF Wisotsky, S. Parker, J. Navarrete, F. Hilf, M. Sims, K. De la Fuente, L. TI Effect of citrus juice on viability of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' in liquid suspension SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Southern-Division CY FEB 05-06, 2012 CL Birmingham, AL SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), So Div C1 [Wisotsky, S.] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Parker, J.; Navarrete, F.; De la Fuente, L.] Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Hilf, M.; Sims, K.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 4 SU 2 BP 10 EP 11 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SQ UT WOS:000322797000054 ER PT J AU Zhou, J Karen, K Martin, R Tzanetakis, I AF Zhou, J. Karen, K. Martin, R. Tzanetakis, I. TI An emerging problem for Celtis spp. - a novel ampelovirus associated with mottling symptoms SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Southern-Division CY FEB 05-06, 2012 CL Birmingham, AL SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), So Div C1 [Karen, K.; Martin, R.] ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR USA. [Zhou, J.; Tzanetakis, I.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2012 VL 102 IS 4 SU 2 BP 11 EP 11 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SQ UT WOS:000322797000059 ER PT J AU Foster, EB Fisher, G Sartin, JL Elsasser, TH Wu, G Cowan, W Pascoe, DD AF Foster, E. B. Fisher, G. Sartin, J. L. Elsasser, T. H. Wu, G. Cowan, W. Pascoe, D. D. TI Acute regulation of IGF-I by alterations in post-exercise macronutrients SO AMINO ACIDS LA English DT Article DE IGF-I; HIIT; IGFBP; EAA ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; FACTOR-BINDING-PROTEINS; HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; FACTOR BIOAVAILABILITY; INSULIN; EXERCISE; PROTEOLYSIS; HORMONE; IGFBP-3; MEN AB This investigation sought to examine the contributions of exercise and nutrient replenishment on in vivo regulation of the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis components. Eight college-aged males completed three high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols followed by three post-exercise nutritional protocols: (1) placebo (EX); (2) carbohydrate only (CHO); and (3) essential amino acid/carbohydrate (EAA/CHO). Samples were analyzed for growth hormone (GH), free IGF-I, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, insulin, hematocrit, hemoglobin, serum leucine, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) proteolytic activity, and presence of IGFBP-3 protease activity. No evidence for IGFBP-3 proteolysis was observed. Significant increases in [free IGF-I] and [leucine] were observed in the EAA/CHO group only. Significant differences were noted in [IGFBP-1] and [IGFBP-2] across conditions. Significant increases in [GH] and MMP-9 activity were observed in all groups. These results indicate that post-exercise macronutrient ratio is a determinant of [free IGF-I], [IGFBP-1 and -2] and may play a role in modulating the IGF-I axis in vivo. C1 [Foster, E. B.; Fisher, G.; Pascoe, D. D.] Auburn Univ, Dept Kinesiol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Sartin, J. L.] Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Elsasser, T. H.] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Wu, G.] Texas A&M Hlth Sci Ctr, Cardiovasc Res Inst, Dept Syst Biol & Translat Med, College Stn, TX USA. [Wu, G.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Cowan, W.] Athens State Univ, Dept Hlth & Phys Educ, Athens, AL USA. RP Foster, EB (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Kinesiol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM ebyronf1@gmail.com NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0939-4451 EI 1438-2199 J9 AMINO ACIDS JI Amino Acids PD APR PY 2012 VL 42 IS 4 BP 1405 EP 1416 DI 10.1007/s00726-011-0837-y PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 904GD UT WOS:000301181400032 PM 21293890 ER PT J AU Krizsan, SJ Broderick, GA Promkot, C Colombini, S AF Krizsan, S. J. Broderick, G. A. Promkot, C. Colombini, S. TI Effects of alfalfa silage storage structure and roasting corn on ruminal digestion and microbial CP synthesis in lactating dairy cows SO ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE alfalfa silage; dairy cow; microbial CP synthesis; omasal flow; roasted dry corn ID PURINE DERIVATIVES; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; PROTEIN; RUMEN; NITROGEN; MARKERS; CARBOHYDRATE; FERMENTATION; DEGRADATION; BACTERIA AB The objective of this experiment was to quantify the effects of unroasted or roasted ground-shelled corn (GSC), when fed with alfalfa ensiled in bag, bunker, or O-2-limiting tower silos on ruminal digestion and microbial CP synthesis in lactating dairy cows. The roasted corn was heat-treated in a propane-fired roasting system. Alfalfa was harvested as second cutting from fields with regrowth of the same maturity. A portion of each field was allotted to each silo. The diets with 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments were fed to six multiparous rumen-cannulated Holstein cows in a cyclic change-over design with five 21-day periods. Experimental diets were comparable and averaged (on dry matter (DM) basis): 410 g/kg alfalfa silage (AS), 150 g/kg corn silage, 350 g/kg GSC, 50 g/kg soybean meal, 40 g/kg roasted soybeans, 177 g/kg CP, 264 g/kg NDF and 250 g/kg starch. Nutrient flow was quantified by the omasal sampling technique with use of three markers (Co, Yb and indigestible NDF). Continuous infusion of 10% atom excess ((NH4)-N-15)(2)SO4 was used to label microbial CP. None of the interactions between storage structure of dietary AS and corn type were significant. DM intake was not different among dietary treatments, averaging 24.5 kg/day across diets. Means of ADF digested in the rumen for cows fed diets with AS from bag, bunker and O-2-limiting tower silo were 2.1, 1.7 and 2.1 kg/day, respectively, and was lower in cows fed AS from the bunker silo. This response may partly be a reflection of the higher intake of ADF by cows fed AS ensiled in the O-2-limiting tower silo compared with the bunker. There was a slightly greater supply of fermentable substrates for cows fed diets with roasted compared with unroasted GSC. The small increases in yield of milk protein and lactose observed in the previous production trial in cows fed diets containing roasted corn may have occurred because of greater supply of fermentable substrates. C1 [Krizsan, S. J.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Agr Res No Sweden, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Broderick, G. A.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Promkot, C.] Rajamangala Univ Technol Isan, Kalasin, Thailand. [Colombini, S.] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Sci Anim, Fac Agr, I-20122 Milan, Italy. RP Krizsan, SJ (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Agr Res No Sweden, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. EM sophie.krizsan@slu.se NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 19 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1751-7311 EI 1751-732X J9 ANIMAL JI Animal PD APR PY 2012 VL 6 IS 4 BP 624 EP 632 DI 10.1017/S1751731111002114 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA 898CY UT WOS:000300714200013 PM 22436279 ER PT J AU Antibus, DE Leff, LG Hall, BL Baeseman, JL Blackwood, CB AF Antibus, Doug E. Leff, Laura G. Hall, Brenda L. Baeseman, Jenny L. Blackwood, Christopher B. TI Molecular characterization of ancient algal mats from the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica SO ANTARCTIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ancient bacterial DNA; microbial dormancy; Victoria Land; 16S rRNA ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; ROSS SEA; DNA; DESICCATION; CYANOBACTERIA; SOILS; LAKE; PROKARYOTES; PERMAFROST AB The McMurdo Dry Valleys possess a cold and dry climate which favours biomolecular preservation, and present the possibility for preservation of biological materials over long timescales. We examined patterns of bacterial DNA abundance and diversity in algal mats from 8- 26 539 years of age. Bacterial DNA abundance was inferred from extractable DNA quantity and quantitative polymerase chain reaction targeting the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Because damage to bacterial DNA could limit its availability for polymerase chain reaction, the efficacy of DNA repair by a commercially available kit was also examined. Polymerase chain reaction amplicons of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene were obtained from seven of eight samples. Bulk DNA abundance and bacterial 16S rRNA gene copy number of template DNA declined with increasing sample age consistent with expectations of accumulation of DNA damage in ancient materials. Clone libraries revealed age related patterns of abundance for some bacterial phylogenetic groups. For example, Firmicutes and several other lineages were abundant in ancient samples, but Cyanobacteria were absent. This points to a biased persistence of bacterial lineages that change over time since photosynthesis was active. C1 [Antibus, Doug E.; Leff, Laura G.; Blackwood, Christopher B.] Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Hall, Brenda L.] 5790 Bryand Global Sci Ctr, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Baeseman, Jenny L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Antibus, Doug E.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Antibus, DE (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 256 Cunningham Hall, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM dantibus@gmail.com RI Blackwood, Christopher/B-3839-2010 OI Blackwood, Christopher/0000-0001-5764-6978 FU Kent State University; United States National Science Foundation [MCB-0729783] FX Funding for this research came from Kent State University and from a United States National Science Foundation grant to Dr Jennifer Baeseman (MCB-0729783). The constructive comments of the reviewers are also gratefully acknowledged. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0954-1020 J9 ANTARCT SCI JI Antarct. Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 24 IS 2 BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.1017/S0954102011000770 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 900HU UT WOS:000300878400005 ER PT J AU Sambuichi, RHR Vidal, DB Piasentin, FB Jardim, JG Viana, TG Menezes, AA Mello, DLN Ahnert, D Baligar, VC AF Sambuichi, Regina H. R. Vidal, Daniela B. Piasentin, Flora B. Jardim, Jomar G. Viana, Thiago G. Menezes, Agna A. Mello, Durval L. N. Ahnert, Dario Baligar, Virupax C. TI Cabruca agroforests in southern Bahia, Brazil: tree component, management practices and tree species conservation SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Cocoa; Agroforestry systems; Agroforest; Atlantic Forest; Tree conservation ID 2 CONTRASTING LANDSCAPES; SHADE CACAO PLANTATIONS; ATLANTIC FOREST TREES; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; DIVERSITY; PARADIGM; SERVICES; CAMEROON; GARDENS AB In southern Bahia, Brazil, cabrucas are the traditional agroforests in which cacao trees are planted under thinned-out native forests. To analyze the role of cabrucas in tree species conservation, we inventoried the non-cocoa trees in 1.0 ha plots of cabruca in 16 cocoa farms and compared our results with a similar survey undertaken in the early 1960s in the same region to analyze the long term changes. We also interviewed 160 cocoa farmers to investigate their preferences for species and the main practices used in managing shade trees. The cabrucas showed high levels of tree diversity for an agroforestry system (Shannon index ranging from 2.21 to 3.52) and also high variation in structure and composition among the different farms. Forest specialist trees accounted for most species (63.9%) in the survey and were among the species most preferred by the farmers, although we found evidence that some of these trees are gradually being replaced by other species. Our results indicate that cabrucas are poor substitutes for undisturbed forests in terms of tree species richness, but their presence in human-altered landscapes is of utmost importance to the conservation of forest tree species as they increase overall heterogeneity and may serve as ecological corridors, additional habitats, and buffer zones. C1 [Sambuichi, Regina H. R.] Inst Pesquisa Econ Aplicada IPEA, BR-70076900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Sambuichi, Regina H. R.; Vidal, Daniela B.; Menezes, Agna A.; Mello, Durval L. N.; Ahnert, Dario] Univ Estadual Santa Cruz UESC, Ilheus, BA, Brazil. [Piasentin, Flora B.] Univ Fed Reconcavo Bahia UFRB, Cruz Das Almas, BA, Brazil. [Jardim, Jomar G.] Univ Fed Rio Grande Norte UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil. [Viana, Thiago G.] Inst Cabruca, Ilheus, BA, Brazil. [Baligar, Virupax C.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sambuichi, RHR (reprint author), Inst Pesquisa Econ Aplicada IPEA, SBS Qd 1,Bl J,Ed BNDES,Sala 308, BR-70076900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM regina.sambuichi@ipea.gov.br FU Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation; Instituto Cabruca; Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz FX We are thankful to the Dutch Buffer Stock Fund (Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation), the Instituto Cabruca, and the Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz for their financial support; the CEPEC/CEPLAC and HUESC herbaria for help in identifying the tree species; and to all those who collaborated with this project. We thank Dr. G. Schroth and Dr. C. D. Foy for their comments on an earlier version of this paper. NR 46 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD APR PY 2012 VL 21 IS 4 BP 1055 EP 1077 DI 10.1007/s10531-012-0240-3 PG 23 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 904FC UT WOS:000301178500011 ER PT J AU Faria, M Hotchkiss, JH Wraight, SP AF Faria, Marcos Hotchkiss, Joseph H. Wraight, Stephen P. TI Application of modified atmosphere packaging (gas flushing and active packaging) for extending the shelf life of Beauveria bassiana conidia at high temperatures SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Mycoinsecticides; Storage; Shelf life; Modified atmosphere packaging; Active packaging; Beauveria bassiana ID METARHIZIUM-FLAVOVIRIDE CONIDIA; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; PROLONGED STORAGE; WATER ACTIVITY; OIL FORMULATIONS; VIABILITY; ANISOPLIAE; FUNGI; LONGEVITY; AGENT AB Shelf life determinations under non-refrigerated conditions, especially high temperature regimes characteristic of tropical/subtropical regions, deserve more attention. In this study, we investigated effects of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on longevity of conidia of Beauveria bassiana (Bb) strain GHA. Similar rates of conidial survival were observed after storage for 60 days at 50 degrees C in atmospheres of pure CO2, N-2, H-2, or He (49-51% viability), but few conidia (<= 2%) survived storage in O-2-rich atmospheres. Viability of conidia stored in an atmosphere of 20% CO2/80% N-2 decreased to <80% within 180 days at 40 degrees C and within 30 days at 50 degrees C but remained high (87%) after a 16-month storage period at 25 degrees C. O-2 concentrations in the storage containers ranged from 0.3% at the start to as high as 12.4% at the end of experiments (due to container leakage). When active packaging (hermetically sealed packages with O-2/moisture scavengers) was employed, shelf lives were substantially improved. Viabilities >= 80% were consistently recorded after 6 months at 40 degrees C or 2 months at 50 degrees C when a dual O-2/moisture absorber or a combination of sachets (dual O-2 absorber/CO2 generator + desiccant) were used. Water activities (a(w)) supporting greatest survival were <= 0.030, suggesting that optimal aw for long-term storage under anaerobic conditions is lower than determined in previous studies of storage in the presence of O-2. Additionally, we have shown that actively packaged conidia with higher than desirable initial a(w) should be allowed an equilibration period at a moderate temperature before exposure to high storage temperatures. Active packaging of dried conidia (a(w) <= 0.032) preserved 71% viability for 16 months at 40 degrees C and 63-65% for 3 months at 50 degrees C. To our knowledge, these are the longest survival times yet reported for Bb conidia under high-temperature conditions. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Faria, Marcos] EMBRAPA Recursos Genet & Biotecnol, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Hotchkiss, Joseph H.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wraight, Stephen P.] ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Faria, M (reprint author), EMBRAPA Recursos Genet & Biotecnol, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM faria@cenargen.embrapa.br RI Faria, Marcos/E-1446-2012 OI Faria, Marcos/0000-0001-9420-0916 NR 54 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD APR PY 2012 VL 61 IS 1 BP 78 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.12.008 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 904FQ UT WOS:000301179900011 ER PT J AU Losey, J Perlman, J Kopco, J Ramsey, S Hesler, L Evans, E Allee, L Smyth, R AF Losey, John Perlman, Jordan Kopco, James Ramsey, Samuel Hesler, Louis Evans, Edward Allee, Leslie Smyth, Rebecca TI Potential causes and consequences of decreased body size in field populations of Coccinella novemnotata SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Invasive species; Scramble competition; Rare species; Predator; Coccinellid ID PROPYLEA-QUATUORDECIMPUNCTATA COLEOPTERA; NORTH-AMERICA; LADY BEETLE; HIPPODAMIA-VARIEGATA; NATIVE COCCINELLIDS; UNITED-STATES; SEPTEMPUNCTATA; ESTABLISHMENT; COMPETITION; RESPONSES AB Coccinella novemnotata, the nine-spotted lady beetle, was historically one of the most common lady beetles across the US and southern Canada. In the 1980s it became extremely rare and has remained rare. In 2008 adult C. novemnotata were collected from field populations in Oregon and South Dakota and initial observations suggested that these individuals seemed smaller than the mean size of the species historically. These observations led to a series of experiments to determine if there had been significant decrease in size and if any decrease found was due to a genetic change or to environmental factors. In the first of these studies we quantified the size of C. novemnotata collected in the field and the size of Coccinella septempunctata, a congeneric introduced species that was collected in the same habitats and has been implicated as a cause for C. novemnotata decline. The size of these field-collected individuals of both species was compared with the size of historical specimens and individuals reared in the laboratory. Field-collected C. novemnotata adults were significantly (20%) smaller than specimens bred in captivity and specimens from collections. To determine if prey limitation alone could yield the range of sizes observed we reared larvae across a range of prey availability. There was a significant effect of prey availability and adult sizes across treatments bracketed the range we found in the field. Low fed larvae are significantly smaller than high fed larvae. While these results do not definitively point to any single explanation for the decline of this species they are consistent with expectations for competition between C. novemnotata and C. septempunctata. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Losey, John; Perlman, Jordan; Kopco, James; Ramsey, Samuel; Allee, Leslie; Smyth, Rebecca] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hesler, Louis] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Evans, Edward] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Losey, J (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jel27@cornell.edu; jep66@cornell.edu; jk729@cornell.edu; sdr26@cornell.edu; Louis.Hesler@ars.usda.gov; ted.evans@usu.edu; lla1@cornell.edu; rrs7@cornell.edu NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD APR PY 2012 VL 61 IS 1 BP 98 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.12.009 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 904FQ UT WOS:000301179900013 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE AF Shelly, T. E. TI Mate choice by wild and mass-reared females of the Mediterranean fruit fly SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis capitata; sexual selection; sterile insect technique ID TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA AB The sterile insect technique (SIT) is used to control Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), but its effectiveness is limited by low sexual competitiveness of mass-reared males. This study investigated whether wild and mass-reared [from a temperature sensitive lethal (tsl) genetic sexing strain] females display similar mate preferences and thus exert similar selective forces on the evolution of male courtship behaviour. Wild females preferred wild males over tsl males, whereas tsl females mated indiscriminately. The probability that mounting resulted in copulation was related to the duration of pre-mount courtship for wild females, and wild males performed longer courtships than tsl males. Copulation occurred independently of courtship duration in tsl females. Counter to the aim of the SIT, female choice by tsl females appears to promote the evolution of male behaviour disfavoured by wild females. C1 USDA APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA APHIS, 41-650 Ahiki St, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. EM todd.e.shelly@aphis.usda.gov NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 136 IS 3 BP 238 EP 240 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2011.01627.x PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 902QP UT WOS:000301053700009 ER PT J AU Zhao, CP Tian, F Yu, Y Luo, J Hu, Q Bequette, BJ Baldwin, RL Liu, G Zan, LS Updike, MS Song, JZ AF Zhao, Chunping Tian, Fei Yu, Ying Luo, Juan Hu, Qiong Bequette, Brian J. Baldwin, Ransom L. Liu, George Zan, Linsen Updike, M. Scott Song, Jiuzhou TI Muscle transcriptomic analyses in Angus cattle with divergent tenderness SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Beef quality; Tenderness; Microarray; Transcriptomic; Pathway ID USDA QUALITY GRADE; BEEF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION; STEAROYL-COA DESATURASE; JAPANESE BLACK CATTLE; FATTY-ACID SYNTHASE; MEAT QUALITY; CONSUMER EVALUATIONS; EXPRESSION PATTERNS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; AGING TIME AB Beef tenderness contributes significantly to variation of beef palatability, and is largely influenced by various genetic and environmental factors. To identify candidate genes and pathways related to beef tenderness, we analyzed the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of Angus cattle that had different degrees of tenderness, measured by Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF). Microarray and RT-PCR analyses identified 53 genes that were differentially expressed in LD samples categorized as either tough or tender, including myosin, heavy chain 3 skeletal muscle embryonic (MYH3), myosin heavy chain 8 skeletal muscle perinatal (MYH8), guanylate binding protein 5 (GBP5), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD), Fatty acid synthase (FASN), ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domains 1 (UHRF1). Most of these genes are involved in lipid metabolism and skeletal muscle contraction. Employing Gene ontology (GO) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), several GO terms and pathways were found to be related to hydrolase, peptidase and GTPase activity, lipid metabolism, small molecule biochemistry, molecular transport, and tissue development. Overall, this analysis provides insight into the metabolic relationships between muscle biology and beef quality. C1 [Zhao, Chunping; Zan, Linsen] NW A&F Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Chunping; Tian, Fei; Yu, Ying; Luo, Juan; Hu, Qiong; Bequette, Brian J.; Updike, M. Scott; Song, Jiuzhou] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yu, Ying] China Agr Univ, Dept Anim Breeding & Genet, Coll Anim Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Baldwin, Ransom L.; Liu, George] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zan, LS (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM zanls@yahoo.com.cn; songj88@umd.edu FU China Scholarship Council (CSC); Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station (MAES); Jorgensen Endowment Funds FX The work was supported by China Scholarship Council (CSC), Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station (MAES) and Jorgensen Endowment Funds. NR 58 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-4851 J9 MOL BIOL REP JI Mol. Biol. Rep. PD APR PY 2012 VL 39 IS 4 BP 4185 EP 4193 DI 10.1007/s11033-011-1203-6 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 903HZ UT WOS:000301108500094 PM 21901422 ER PT J AU Booker, F Burkey, K Morgan, P Fiscus, E Jones, A AF Booker, Fitzgerald Burkey, Kent Morgan, Patrick Fiscus, Edwin Jones, Alan TI Minimal influence of G-protein null mutations on ozone-induced changes in gene expression, foliar injury, gas exchange and peroxidase activity in Arabidopsis thaliana L. SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE conductance; G-proteins; oxidative stress; ozone; peroxidase; photosynthesis; ROS; stomata ID HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEIN; CYTOSOLIC ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS-RESPONSE; SEDUM-ALBUM LEAVES; CELL-DEATH; ALPHA-SUBUNIT; SUNFLOWER PLANTS; SINGLET OXYGEN; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; EXPOSED PLANTS AB Ozone (O3) uptake by plants leads to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the intercellular space of leaves and induces signalling processes reported to involve the membrane-bound heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Therefore, potential G-protein-mediated response mechanisms to O3 were compared between Arabidopsis thaliana L. lines with null mutations in the alpha- and beta-subunits (gpa1-4, agb1-2 and gpa1-4/agb1-2) and Col-0 wild-type plants. Plants were treated with a range of O3 concentrations (5, 125, 175 and 300 nL L-1) for 1 and 2 d in controlled environment chambers. Transcript levels of GPA1, AGB1 and RGS1 transiently increased in Col-0 exposed to 125 nL L-1 O3 compared with the 5 nL L-1 control treatment. However, silencing of a and beta G-protein genes resulted in little alteration of many processes associated with O3 injury, including the induction of ROS-signalling genes, increased leaf tissue ion leakage, decreased net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, and increased peroxidase activity, especially in the leaf apoplast. These results indicated that many responses to O3 stress at physiological levels were not detectably influenced by a and beta G-proteins. C1 [Booker, Fitzgerald; Burkey, Kent; Morgan, Patrick; Fiscus, Edwin] USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Jones, Alan] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Pharmacol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Booker, F (reprint author), USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, 3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM fitz.booker@ars.usda.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM065989] NR 71 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD APR PY 2012 VL 35 IS 4 BP 668 EP 681 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02443.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 902RC UT WOS:000301055100002 PM 21988569 ER PT J AU Johnson, DM Mcculloh, KA Woodruff, DR Meinzer, FC AF Johnson, Daniel M. Mcculloh, Katherine A. Woodruff, David R. Meinzer, Frederick C. TI Evidence for xylem embolism as a primary factor in dehydration-induced declines in leaf hydraulic conductance SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE cavitation; drought stress; transpiration; water potential ID ULTRASOUND ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS; QUERCUS-MACROCARPA LEAVES; LIGHT RESPONSE; PINE NEEDLES; WATER-FLOW; CAVITATION; VULNERABILITY; AQUAPORINS; EVERGREEN; PLANTS AB Hydraulic conductance of leaves (Kleaf) typically decreases with increasing water stress and recent studies have proposed different mechanisms responsible for decreasing Kleaf. We measured Kleaf concurrently with ultrasonic acoustic emissions (UAEs) in dehydrating leaves of several species to determine whether declining Kleaf was associated with xylem embolism. In addition, we performed experiments in which the surface tension of water in the leaf xylem was reduced by using a surfactant solution. Finally, we compared the hydraulic vulnerability of entire leaves with the leaf lamina in three species. C1 [Johnson, Daniel M.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Mcculloh, Katherine A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Woodruff, David R.; Meinzer, Frederick C.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Johnson, DM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM daniel.m.johnson@duke.edu RI Johnson, Daniel/E-6789-2011; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 OI Johnson, Daniel/0000-0001-5890-3147; FU NSF [IOB-0544470] FX This research was supported in part by NSF grant IOB-0544470. The authors would like to thank Miriam Loloum, Sylvan du Peloux du Saint Romain and Cecile Perrineau for their helpful assistance in the field and the lab, and Peter Kitin for microscopy and imaging. The authors would also like to thank Michelle Holbrook, Lawren Sack and one anonymous reviewer for helpful comments that resulted in a stronger paper. NR 44 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD APR PY 2012 VL 35 IS 4 BP 760 EP 769 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02449.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 902RC UT WOS:000301055100008 PM 21999411 ER PT J AU Jung, HJG Samac, DA Sarath, G AF Jung, Hans-Joachim G. Samac, Deborah A. Sarath, Gautam TI Modifying crops to increase cell wall digestibility SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Cell wall; Digestibility; Ferulates; Lignin; Polysaccharides ID ALFALFA MEDICAGO-SATIVA; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CINNAMYL-ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; FESCUE FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA; ACID O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; TRANSGENIC DOWN-REGULATION; NAC TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; FERMENTABLE SUGAR YIELDS; SMOOTH BROMEGRASS CLONES; RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES AB Improving digestibility of roughage cell walls will improve ruminant animal performance and reduce loss of nutrients to the environment. The main digestibility impediment for dicotyledonous plants is highly lignified secondary cell walls, notably in stem secondary xylem, which become almost non-digestible. Digestibility of grasses is slowed severely by lignification of most tissues, but these cell walls remain largely digestible. Cell wall lignification creates an access barrier to potentially digestible wall material by rumen bacteria if cells have not been physically ruptured. Traditional breeding has focused on increasing total dry matter digestibility rather than cell wall digestibility, which has resulted in minimal reductions in cell wall lignification. Brown midrib mutants in some annual grasses exhibit small reductions in lignin concentration and improved cell wall digestibility. Similarly, transgenic approaches down-regulating genes in monolignol synthesis have produced plants with reduced lignin content and improved cell wall digestibility. While major reductions in lignin concentration have been associated with poor plant fitness, smaller reductions in lignin provided measurable improvements in digestibility without significantly impacting agronomic fitness. Additional targets for genetic modification to enhance digestibility and improve roughages for use as biofuel feedstocks are discussed; including manipulating cell wall polysaccharide composition, novel lignin structures, reduced lignin/polysaccharide cross-linking, smaller lignin polymers, enhanced development of non-lignified tissues, and targeting specific cell types. Greater tissue specificity of transgene expression will be needed to maximize benefits while avoiding negative impacts on plant fitness.cauliflower mosiac virus (CaMV) 355 promoter Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Jung, Hans-Joachim G.; Samac, Deborah A.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Sarath, Gautam] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Jung, HJG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM Hans.Jung@ars.usda.gov; Debby.Samac@ars.usda.gov; Gautam.Sarath@ars.usda.gov NR 168 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 6 U2 106 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 185 BP 65 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.10.014 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 904SN UT WOS:000301218300007 PM 22325867 ER PT J AU Albrecht, U Bowman, KD AF Albrecht, Ute Bowman, Kim D. TI Transcriptional response of susceptible and tolerant citrus to infection with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Citrus greening; Gene expression; Plant defense; Trifoliate orange ID PLANT DEFENSE RESPONSES; REAL-TIME PCR; PONCIRUS-TRIFOLIATA; GENE-EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; OXIDATIVE STRESS; TRISTEZA VIRUS; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; CELL-GROWTH; RESISTANCE AB Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), a non-culturable phloem-limited bacterium, is the suspected causal agent of huanglongbing (HLB) in Florida. HLB is one of the most devastating diseases of citrus and no resistant cultivars have been identified to date, though tolerance has been observed in the genus Poncirus and some of its hybrids. This study compares transcriptional changes in tolerant US-897 (Citrus reticulata Blanco x Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.) and susceptible 'Cleopatra' mandarin (C. reticulata) seedlings in response to infection with Las using the Affymetrix GeneChip citrus array, with the main objective of identifying genes associated with tolerance to HLB. Microarray analysis identified 326 genes which were significantly upregulated by at least 4-fold in the susceptible genotype, compared with only 17 genes in US-897. Exclusively upregulated in US-897 was a gene for a 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and Fe(II)-dependant oxygenase, an important enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites. More than eight hundred genes were expressed at much higher levels in US-897 independent of infection with Las. Among these, genes for a constitutive disease resistance protein (CDR1) were notable. The possible involvement of these and other detected genes in tolerance to HLB and their possible use for biotechnology are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Albrecht, Ute; Bowman, Kim D.] ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Albrecht, U (reprint author), ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM ute.albrecht@ars.usda.gov FU Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council; Florida Research and Development Foundation FX This research was supported in part by grants from the Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council and the Florida Research and Development Foundation. Mention of a trademark, warranty, proprietary product, or vendor does not imply an approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that also may be suitable. NR 76 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 185 BP 118 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.09.008 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 904SN UT WOS:000301218300013 PM 22325873 ER PT J AU Delaney, KJ AF Delaney, Kevin J. TI Nerium oleander indirect leaf photosynthesis and light harvesting reductions after clipping injury or Spodoptera eridania herbivory: High sensitivity to injury SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Chlorophyll a fluorescence; Defoliation; Folivory; Gas exchange; Herbivory ID CEPHUS-CINCTUS NORTON; MECHANICAL INJURY; RESPONSES; DAMAGE; DEFOLIATION; TOLERANCE; EVOLUTION; DEFENSE; IMPACT; PLANTS AB Variable indirect photosynthetic rate (P-n) responses occur on injured leaves after insect herbivory. It is important to understand factors that influence indirect P-n reductions after injury. The current study examines the relationship between gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters with injury intensity (% single leaf tissue removal) from clipping or Spodoptera eridania Stoll (Noctuidae) herbivory on Nerium oleander L. (Apocynaceae). Two experiments showed intercellular [CO2] increases but P-n and stomatal conductance reductions with increasing injury intensity, suggesting non-stomatal P-n limitation. Also, P-n recovery was incomplete at 3d post-injury. This is the first report of a negative exponential P-n impairment function with leaf injury intensity to suggest high N. oleander leaf sensitivity to indirect P-n impairment. Negative linear functions occurred between most other gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters with injury intensity. The degree of light harvesting impairment increased with injury intensity via lower (1) photochemical efficiency indicated lower energy transfer efficiency from reaction centers to PSII, (2) photochemical quenching indicated reaction center closure, and (3) electron transport rates indicated less energy traveling through PSII. Future studies can examine additional mechanisms (mesophyll conductance, carbon fixation, and cardenolide induction) to cause N. oleander indirect leaf P-n reductions after injury. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Delaney, Kevin J.] Xavier Univ Louisiana, Dept Biol, New Orleans, LA 70125 USA. RP Delaney, KJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pest Management Res Unit, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM kevin.delaney@ars.usda.gov FU Montana State University Agricultural Experiment Station; USDA-ARS NPARL; [LI-6400-40] FX Thanks to T. Stanislav for sharing the infrared gas analyzer, and to P. Martinat for identifying S. eridania adults. A Model in Excellence Grant to Xavier University of Louisiana allowed purchase of the LI-6400-40 fluorescence/gas exchange chamber. Thanks also go to R.K.D. Peterson, L.G. Higley, A.W. Lenssen, E.K. Espeland, and anonymous reviewers for comments provided on earlier drafts that helped improve the quality of this manuscript. Thanks for support by the Montana State University Agricultural Experiment Station and USDA-ARS NPARL. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 185 BP 218 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.10.012 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 904SN UT WOS:000301218300024 PM 22325884 ER PT J AU Nakata, PA AF Nakata, Paul A. TI Influence of calcium oxalate crystal accumulation on the calcium content of seeds from Medicago truncatula SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Calcium; Oxalate; Mutant; Pod; Seed; Medicago truncatula ID PLANTS; GROWTH AB Crystals of calcium oxalate often form in cells adjacent to the vascular bundles in the tissues along the xylem stream. This spatial crystal pattern suggests a role for calcium oxalate formation in regulating calcium transport and partitioning to edible organs such as seeds. To investigate this potential role, microscopic and biochemical comparisons were conducted on the different tissues of Medicago truncatula wild-type and the calcium oxalate defective (cod) 5 which lacks the ability to accumulate prismatic crystals in the cells adjacent to the vascular bundles. Calcium measurements showed that cod5 seeds had more calcium and cod5 pods contained less calcium than the corresponding wild-type tissues. Roots, stems, and leaves from cod5 and wild-type had similar calcium content. Although cod5 was devoid of prismatic crystals, cod5 pods were observed to form druse crystals of calcium oxalate not found in wild-type pods. Taken together these findings suggest a functional role for calcium oxalate formation in regulating calcium transport to the seeds. Regulating calcium uptake at the roots also appeared to be another point of control in determining seed calcium content. Overall, regulating the long distance transport and partitioning of calcium to the seeds appears to be a complex process with multiple points of control. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Nakata, PA (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med,Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM pnakata@bcm.tmc.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-6250-0-008] FX The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This research was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, under Cooperative Agreement number 58-6250-0-008. Thanks go to Justin Foster and Bin Luo for critical reading of the manuscript. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 185 BP 246 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.11.004 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 904SN UT WOS:000301218300027 PM 22325887 ER PT J AU Strauss, SL Day, TA Garcia-Pichel, F AF Strauss, Sarah L. Day, Thomas A. Garcia-Pichel, Ferran TI Nitrogen cycling in desert biological soil crusts across biogeographic regions in the Southwestern United States SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Biological soil crust; Desert; Nitrogen; Bacteria; Denitrification; Ammonia-oxidation; Dinitrogen-fixation ID COLORADO PLATEAU; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; ANAEROBIC OXIDATION; AMMONIUM OXIDATION; ARID LANDS; PRECIPITATION; FIXATION; DENITRIFICATION; CYANOBACTERIA; ECOSYSTEMS AB Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are thought to be important in the fertility of arid lands as gateways for carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Studies on the Colorado Plateau have shown that an incomplete internal N cycle operates in BSCs that results in significant exports of dissolved organic N, ammonia and nitrate into the bulk soil through percolating water, thus mechanistically explaining their role as a N gateway. It is not known if this pattern is found in other arid regions. To examine this, we measured rates of major biogeochemical N-transformations in a variety of BSCs collected from the Colorado Plateau and the Mojave, Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts. Dinitrogen fixation and aerobic ammonia oxidation were prominent transformations at all sites. We found anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) rates to be below the detection limit in all cases, and at least 50-fold smaller than rates of N-2-fixation, making it an irrelevant process for these BSCs. Heterotrophic denitrification was also of little consequence for the flow of N, with rates at least an order of magnitude smaller than those of N-2-fixation. Thus we could confirm that despite the demonstrable differences in microbial community composition and soil material, BSCs from major biogeographic regions in arid North America displayed a remarkably consistent pattern of internal N cycling. The implications for arid land fertility drawn from previous studies in the Colorado Plateau appear applicable to BSCs across other arid regions of the Southwestern United States. C1 [Strauss, Sarah L.; Day, Thomas A.; Garcia-Pichel, Ferran] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Strauss, SL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM sarah.strauss@asu.edu RI Strauss, Sarah/I-5141-2016 OI Strauss, Sarah/0000-0001-7494-5320 FU National Science Foundation [020671]; USDA-NRI [2007-35107-18299] FX We thank personnel at Jornada LTER for allowing sample collection. The Jornada Experimental Range is administered by the USDA-ARS and is a Long Term Ecological Research site funded by the National Science Foundation. We also thank Scott Bates and Hugo Beraldi for their assistance in sample collection and Ruth Potrafka for her assistance in the laboratory. This work was supported by USDA-NRI grant 2007-35107-18299 and NSF grant 020671 to Ferran Garcia-Pichel. NR 44 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 11 U2 112 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD APR PY 2012 VL 108 IS 1-3 BP 171 EP 182 DI 10.1007/s10533-011-9587-x PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 897NY UT WOS:000300659300012 ER PT J AU Pellerin, BA Saraceno, JF Shanley, JB Sebestyen, SD Aiken, GR Wollheim, WM Bergamaschi, BA AF Pellerin, Brian A. Saraceno, John Franco Shanley, James B. Sebestyen, Stephen D. Aiken, George R. Wollheim, Wilfred M. Bergamaschi, Brian A. TI Taking the pulse of snowmelt: in situ sensors reveal seasonal, event and diurnal patterns of nitrate and dissolved organic matter variability in an upland forest stream SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Nitrate; FDOM; Snowmelt; Forested; Diurnal ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; JOAQUIN RIVER CALIFORNIA; NESTED CATCHMENTS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; DOC EXPORT; NEW-YORK; CARBON; DYNAMICS AB Highly resolved time series data are useful to accurately identify the timing, rate, and magnitude of solute transport in streams during hydrologically dynamic periods such as snowmelt. We used in situ optical sensors for nitrate (NO3 (-)) and chromophoric dissolved organic matter fluorescence (FDOM) to measure surface water concentrations at 30 min intervals over the snowmelt period (March 21-May 13, 2009) at a 40.5 hectare forested watershed at Sleepers River, Vermont. We also collected discrete samples for laboratory absorbance and fluorescence as well as delta O-18-NO3 (-) isotopes to help interpret the drivers of variable NO3 (-) and FDOM concentrations measured in situ. In situ data revealed seasonal, event and diurnal patterns associated with hydrological and biogeochemical processes regulating stream NO3 (-) and FDOM concentrations. An observed decrease in NO3 (-) concentrations after peak snowmelt runoff and muted response to spring rainfall was consistent with the flushing of a limited supply of NO3 (-) (mainly from nitrification) from source areas in surficial soils. Stream FDOM concentrations were coupled with flow throughout the study period, suggesting a strong hydrologic control on DOM concentrations in the stream. However, higher FDOM concentrations per unit streamflow after snowmelt likely reflected a greater hydraulic connectivity of the stream to leachable DOM sources in upland soils. We also observed diurnal NO3 (-) variability of 1-2 mu mol l(-1) after snowpack ablation, presumably due to in-stream uptake prior to leafout. A comparison of NO3 (-) and dissolved organic carbon yields (DOC, measured by FDOM proxy) calculated from weekly discrete samples and in situ data sub-sampled daily resulted in small to moderate differences over the entire study period (-4 to 1% for NO3 (-) and -3 to -14% for DOC), but resulted in much larger differences for daily yields (-66 to +27% for NO3 (-) and -88 to +47% for DOC, respectively). Despite challenges inherent in in situ sensor deployments in harsh seasonal conditions, these data provide important insights into processes controlling NO3 (-) and FDOM in streams, and will be critical for evaluating the effects of climate change on snowmelt delivery to downstream ecosystems. C1 [Pellerin, Brian A.; Saraceno, John Franco; Bergamaschi, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. [Sebestyen, Stephen D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MI USA. [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Wollheim, Wilfred M.] Univ New Hampshire, Water Syst Anal Grp, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Pellerin, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM bpeller@usgs.gov RI Bergamaschi, Brian/D-8325-2012; Sebestyen, Stephen/D-1238-2013 OI Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581; Sebestyen, Stephen/0000-0002-6315-0108 FU USDA Forest Service Northeastern State; USGS Climate Effects Network; USGS Hydrologic Networks; Northern Research Station of the USDA Forest Service FX We thank Jon Denner, Ann Chalmers and Stewart Clark for field sampling and Kenna Butler for lab optical analyses. We also thank Bryan Downing, Dan Doctor, Mark Green and two anonymous reviewers for helpful discussions and comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This work was funded by a USDA Forest Service Northeastern States Research Cooperative competitive grant, the USGS Climate Effects Network, the USGS Hydrologic Networks and Analysis Program, and the Northern Research Station of the USDA Forest Service. The use of brand names in this manuscript is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Geological Survey. NR 69 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 14 U2 150 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD APR PY 2012 VL 108 IS 1-3 BP 183 EP 198 DI 10.1007/s10533-011-9589-8 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 897NY UT WOS:000300659300013 ER PT J AU Talbot, JM Yelle, DJ Nowick, J Treseder, KK AF Talbot, Jennifer M. Yelle, Daniel J. Nowick, James Treseder, Kathleen K. TI Litter decay rates are determined by lignin chemistry SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Lignin; Decomposition; Cellulose; Nitrogen ID CINNAMYL-ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; CELL-WALL COMPOSITION; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; DOWN-REGULATION; DECOMPOSITION RATES; FUNGAL DEGRADATION; PLANT-TISSUES; LEAF-LITTER; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION AB Litter decay rates are often correlated with the initial lignin:N or lignin:cellulose content of litter, suggesting that interactions between lignin and more labile compounds are important controls over litter decomposition. The chemical composition of lignin may influence these interactions, if lignin physically or chemically protects labile components from microbial attack. We tested the effect of lignin chemical composition on litter decay in the field during a year-long litterbag study using the model system Arabidopsis thaliana. Three Arabidopsis plant types were used, including one with high amounts of guaiacyl-type lignin, one with high aldehyde- and p-hydroxyphenyl-type lignin, and a wild type control with high syringyl-type lignin. The high aldehyde litter lost significantly more mass than the other plant types, due to greater losses of cellulose, hemicellulose, and N. Aldehyde-rich lignins and p-hydroxyphenyl-type lignins have low levels of cross-linking between lignins and polysaccharides, supporting the hypothesis that chemical protection of labile polysaccharides and N is a mechanism by which lignin controls total litter decay rates. 2D NMR of litters showed that lignin losses were associated with the ratio of guaiacyl-to-p-hydroxyphenyl units in lignin, because these units polymerize to form different amounts of labile- and recalcitrant-linkages within the lignin polymer. Different controls over lignin decay and polysaccharide and N decay may explain why lignin:N and lignin:cellulose ratios can be better predictors of decay rates than lignin content alone. C1 [Talbot, Jennifer M.; Treseder, Kathleen K.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92617 USA. [Yelle, Daniel J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Nowick, James] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92617 USA. RP Talbot, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92617 USA. EM jtalbot@uci.edu RI Treseder, Kathleen/E-5148-2011; OI Talbot, Jennifer/0000-0001-6424-4133 FU UCI Environment Institute [NSF-EAR-044548,]; NSF FX We thank Steven Allison, Donovan German, Stephanie Kivlin, Matthew Whiteside, Sandra Dooley, Heather McGray, Marko Spasojevic, and Rebecca Aicher for their critical review and support of this work. We also thank Dr. Philip Dennison and the UCI NMR Facility for instrument and software support for this research. Dr. Lise Jouanin and Dr. Clint Chapple generously supplied seeds of Arabidopsis plants used in this experiment. NSF-EAR-044548, a UCI Environment Institute Research Grant, and a Graduate Research Fellowship from NSF supported this project. NR 99 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 7 U2 124 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD APR PY 2012 VL 108 IS 1-3 BP 279 EP 295 DI 10.1007/s10533-011-9599-6 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 897NY UT WOS:000300659300019 ER PT J AU Bunce, JA Nasyrov, M AF Bunce, James A. Nasyrov, Muhtor TI A new method of applying a controlled soil water stress, and its effect on the growth of cotton and soybean seedlings at ambient and elevated carbon dioxide SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Soybean; CO2; Water stress; Water potential; Hydraulic conductance ID STOMATAL CONTROL; CO2 ENRICHMENT; USE EFFICIENCY; WHEAT; SYSTEM; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; TOLERANCE; RESPONSES AB While numerous studies have shown that elevated CO2 can delay soil water depletion by causing partial stomatal closure, few studies have compared responses of plant growth to the same soil water deficits imposed at ambient and elevated CO2. We applied a vacuum to ceramic cups in pots filled with soil to reduce the soil water matric potential to -0.10 MPa. This system resulted in uniform soil water content throughout the pot, and was used to maintain a constant mild stress for seven days. In cotton, the soil water stress treatment reduced stomatal conductance at both 380 and 560 mu mol mol(-1) CO2, but the reduction was relatively smaller at the higher CO2. No reduction of photosynthesis measured under the daytime growth conditions occurred at elevated CO2 in stressed cotton plants, while photosynthesis was reduced by the stress in the lower CO2 treatment. The soil water stress treatment reduced the leaf area and biomass of cotton at the lower, but not at the higher CO2. In soybean, the soil water stress treatment reduced stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and growth at both CO2 levels, but the effect of water stress was not less at elevated than ambient CO2. In neither species nor CO2 level did the soil water stress treatment cause a detectable change in daytime leaf water potential. In both species, the stomatal closure with the soil water stress may have resulted from the lower soil to leaf hydraulic conductivity. The failure of high CO2 to protect soybean growth from the soil water stress might be related to the lower hydraulic conductivity of stressed soybeans grown at elevated compared with ambient CO2. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bunce, James A.; Nasyrov, Muhtor] USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Nasyrov, Muhtor] Samarkand State Univ, Samarkand, Uzbekistan. RP Bunce, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, B-001,Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM James.Bunce@ars.usda.gov FU Fulbright Scholarship Program FX Dr. Nasyrov was supported by the Fulbright Scholarship Program. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD APR PY 2012 VL 77 BP 165 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2011.11.015 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 902GE UT WOS:000301025800018 ER PT J AU Galant, A Koester, RP Ainsworth, EA Hicks, LM Jez, JM AF Galant, Ashley Koester, Robert P. Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. Hicks, Leslie M. Jez, Joseph M. TI From climate change to molecular response: redox proteomics of ozone-induced responses in soybean SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Glycine max (soybean); metabolism; oxidative stress; ozone (O3); proteomics; redox biology ID GLUTAMATE-CYSTEINE LIGASE; ELEVATED OZONE; ASCORBATE BIOSYNTHESIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CROP YIELDS; LEAVES; IMPACT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Ozone (O3) causes significant agricultural losses, with soybean (Glycine max) being highly sensitive to this oxidant. Here we assess the effect of elevated seasonal O3 exposure on the total and redox proteomes of soybean. To understand the molecular responses to O3 exposure, soybean grown at the Soybean Free Air Concentration Enrichment facility under ambient (37 ppb), moderate (58 ppb), and high (116 ppb) O3 concentrations was examined by redox-sensitive thiol labeling, mass spectrometry, and targeted enzyme assays. Proteomic analysis of soybean leaf tissue exposed to high O3 concentrations reveals widespread changes. In the high-O3 treatment leaf, 35 proteins increased up to fivefold in abundance, 22 proteins showed up to fivefold higher oxidation, and 22 proteins increased in both abundance and oxidation. These changes occurred in carbon metabolism, photosynthesis, amino acid synthesis, flavonoid and isoprenoid biosynthesis, signaling and homeostasis, and antioxidant pathways. This study shows that seasonal O3 exposure in soybean alters the abundance and oxidation state of redox-sensitive multiple proteins and that these changes reflect a combination of damage effects and adaptive responses that influence a wide range of metabolic processes, which in some cases may help mitigate oxidative stress. C1 [Galant, Ashley; Jez, Joseph M.] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Koester, Robert P.; Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.] ARS, USDA, Global Change & Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hicks, Leslie M.] Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. RP Jez, JM (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Biol, 1 Brookings Dr,Campus Box 1137, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM jjez@biology2.wustl.edu RI Hicks, Leslie/E-8015-2010 OI Hicks, Leslie/0000-0002-8008-3998 FU National Science Foundation [MCB-0904215]; American Society of Plant Biologists; USDA ARS FX We thank Amy Betzelberger for generously providing photosynthetic data and Sophie Alvarez for help with proteomic analysis. This research was funded by the National Science Foundation (MCB-0904215 to J.M.J. and L. M. H.). A. G. was supported by an American Society of Plant Biologists Pioneer Hi-Bred Graduate Research Fellowship. SoyFACE is supported by the USDA ARS. NR 63 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 194 IS 1 SI SI BP 220 EP 229 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.04037.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 898EQ UT WOS:000300719400022 PM 22272738 ER PT J AU Michaletz, ST Johnson, EA Tyree, MT AF Michaletz, S. T. Johnson, E. A. Tyree, M. T. TI Moving beyond the cambium necrosis hypothesis of post-fire tree mortality: cavitation and deformation of xylem in forest fires SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE cavitation; embolism; forest fires; heat; hydraulic conductivity; tree mortality; water relations ID STRESS-INDUCED CAVITATION; HEAT-TRANSFER; RIPARIAN COTTONWOODS; EMBOLISM FORMATION; TISSUE NECROSIS; SURFACE-TENSION; BARK PROPERTIES; TRANSFER MODEL; PIT MEMBRANES; WATER AB It is widely assumed that post-fire tree mortality results from necrosis of phloem and vascular cambium in stems, despite strong evidence that reduced xylem conductivity also plays an important role. In this study, experiments with Populus balsamifera were used to demonstrate two mechanisms by which heat reduces the hydraulic conductivity of xylem: air seed cavitation and conduit wall deformation. Heat effects on air seed cavitation were quantified using air injection experiments that isolate potential temperature-dependent changes in sap surface tension and pit membrane pore diameters. Heat effects on conduit wall structure were demonstrated using air conductivity measurements and light microscopy. Heating increased vulnerability to cavitation because sap surface tension varies inversely with temperature. Heating did not affect cavitation via changes in pit membrane pore diameters, but did cause significant reductions in xylem air conductivity that were associated with deformation of conduit walls (probably resulting from thermal softening of viscoelastic cell wall polymers). Additional work is required to understand the relative roles of cavitation and deformation in the reduction of xylem conductivity, and how reduced xylem conductivity in roots, stems, and branches correlates and interacts with foliage and root necroses to cause tree mortality. Future research should also examine how heat necrosis of ray parenchyma cells affects refilling of embolisms that occur during and after the fire event. C1 [Michaletz, S. T.; Johnson, E. A.] Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Michaletz, S. T.; Johnson, E. A.] Univ Calgary, Biogeosci Inst, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Tyree, M. T.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Tyree, M. T.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP Michaletz, ST (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM sean.michaletz@ucalgary.ca OI Michaletz, Sean/0000-0003-2158-6525 FU U.S. Forest Service; Alberta Ingenuity; GEOIDE (GEOmatics for Informed DEcisions) Network of Centres of Excellence of Canada; International Association of Wildland Fire; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX The authors are sincerely grateful to E. C. Yeung for assistance with histology, E. N. Baydak and H. W. Yarranton for assistance with tensiometry, and A. A. Jeje for insightful conversations about the viscoelastic behavior of wood. B. Bond-Lamberty and M. G. Ryan kindly provided data used in Figs S4 and S5. J. J. Midgley, K. Miyanishi, and six anonymous referees provided comments which greatly improved the manuscript. M. T. T wishes to thank the U.S. Forest Service for paying his salary while on research leave in Alberta to participate in this study. This work was supported by Alberta Ingenuity, the GEOIDE (GEOmatics for Informed DEcisions) Network of Centres of Excellence of Canada, the International Association of Wildland Fire, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. NR 86 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 194 IS 1 SI SI BP 254 EP 263 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.04021.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 898EQ UT WOS:000300719400025 PM 22276783 ER PT J AU Fish, WW AF Fish, Wayne W. TI Refinements of the attending equations for several spectral methods that provide improved quantification of beta-carotene and/or lycopene in selected foods SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lycopene assay; beta-Carotene assay; Xenon flash spectrophotometry; Chromoplasts Watermelon lycopene; Cantaloupe beta-carotene ID RAPID SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD; TOMATO PASTE; EXTRACTION; CHROMOPLASTS; WATERMELON AB Developing and maintaining maximal levels of carotenoids in fruits and vegetables that contain them is a concern of the produce industry. Toward this end, reliable methods for quantifying lycopene and beta-carotene, two of the major health-enhancing carotenoids, are necessary. The goal of this research was to rigorously refine the attending equations for existing spectral methodologies in order to more accurately quantify lycopene and beta-carotene in selected fruits and vegetables. Equations taking into account two absorbing species with overlapping spectra were derived for three spectral methodologies. Carotenoid values determined by absorbance measurements in hexane with its attending equations provided one-to-one correspondence with values determined by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography for lycopene and/or beta-carotene in a broad spectrum of fruits and vegetables. Estimates for lycopene in hexane extracts averaged +/- 7.8% deviation from those by HPLC while estimates for beta-carotene averaged +/- 5.0% deviation. Simple empirical relationships developed from correlating large numbers of xenon flash spectrophotometry data appeared to be nearly as reliable as the derived equation to treat the experimental data. Estimates for lycopene in watermelon flesh purees by the derived equation deviated +/- 6.8% from those estimated by HPLC while deviations by a currently employed empirical equation were +/- 10.8%. Absorbance measurements of chromoplasts suspended in aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate generally required correction for light scattering by the chromoplasts, and equations derived for two absorbing species provided for quantification of lycopene and beta-carotene by this method. Estimates for lycopene in watermelon flesh by the derived equations averaged +/- 9.3% deviation from those by HPLC while estimates for beta-carotene in cantaloupe averaged +/- 12.0% deviation from HPLC values. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, Wes Watkins Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Fish, WW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Wes Watkins Agr Res Lab, POB 159,911 Hwy 3, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM wfish-usda@lane-ag.org NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 EI 1873-2356 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 66 BP 16 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2011.08.007 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 899KY UT WOS:000300816000003 ER PT J AU Wasilenko, JL Pantin-Jackwood, M Khan, TA Ahmed, A Rehmani, SF Lone, NA Swayne, DE Spackman, E AF Wasilenko, Jamie L. Pantin-Jackwood, Mary Khan, Taseer Ahmed Ahmed, Ayaz Rehmani, Shafqat F. Lone, Nazir Ahmed Swayne, David E. Spackman, Erica TI Characterization of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry in Pakistan 2006-2008 SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE Avian influenza; High pathogenicity; H5N1; Pakistan; Hemagglutinin; Neuraminidase ID OUTBREAK AB Nine avian influenza viruses (AIV), H5N1 subtype, were isolated from dead poultry in the Karachi region of Pakistan from 2006 to 2008. The intravenous pathogenicity indices and HA protein cleavage sites of all nine viruses were consistent with highly pathogenic AIV. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the HA genes, these isolates belong to clade 2.2 and both the HA and NA are closely related to each other (nucleotide identities above 99.0%) and to other Middle Eastern H5N1 AIV isolates (nucleotide identities above 98.0%). The phylogenetic data suggest that the virus in both epornitics of H5N1 HPAIV in commercial poultry in the Karachi region of Pakistan between 2006 and 2008 were from a very closely related source, however, there is inadequate epidemiological data to determine what the reservoir was for the virus between the 2006 and 2007 outbreaks other than that there was a single introduction into the region. C1 [Wasilenko, Jamie L.; Pantin-Jackwood, Mary; Swayne, David E.; Spackman, Erica] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Khan, Taseer Ahmed; Ahmed, Ayaz; Rehmani, Shafqat F.; Lone, Nazir Ahmed] Sindh Poultry Vaccine Ctr, Karachi, Pakistan. [Khan, Taseer Ahmed] Univ Karachi, Dept Physiol, Karachi 75270, Pakistan. RP Spackman, E (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Erica.Spackman@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of State Biosecurity Engagement through United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Joan Beck, Joyce Bennett and Melissa Scott at Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory for technical assistance. Funding was provided by the United States Department of State Biosecurity Engagement Program through a Memorandum of Agreement with the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD APR PY 2012 VL 44 IS 2 BP 247 EP 252 DI 10.1007/s11262-011-0689-2 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 900RB UT WOS:000300905100012 PM 22083300 ER PT J AU Spatz, SJ Volkening, JD Keeler, CL Kutish, GF Riblet, SM Boettger, CM Clark, KF Zsak, L Afonso, CL Mundt, ES Rock, DL Garcia, M AF Spatz, S. J. Volkening, J. D. Keeler, C. L. Kutish, G. F. Riblet, S. M. Boettger, C. M. Clark, K. F. Zsak, L. Afonso, C. L. Mundt, E. S. Rock, D. L. Garcia, M. TI Comparative full genome analysis of four infectious laryngotracheitis virus (Gallid herpesvirus-1) virulent isolates from the United States SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE Infectious laryngotracheitis; Gallid herpesvirus-1; DNA sequence; Virulence; Attenuation ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS; GLYCOPROTEIN-GB GENE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DNA-SEQUENCE; SA-2 STRAIN; VACCINE STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION AB Gallid herpesvirus-1 (GaHV-1), commonly named infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) virus, causes the respiratory disease in chickens known as ILT. The molecular determinants associated with differences in pathogenicity of GaHV-1 strains are not completely understood, and a comparison of genomic sequences of isolates that belong to different genotypes could help identify genes involved in virulence. Dideoxy sequencing, 454 pyrosequencing and Illumina sequencing-by-synthesis were used to determine the nucleotide sequences of four genotypes of virulent strains from GaHV-1 groups I-VI. Three hundred and twenty-five open reading frames (ORFs) were compared with those of the recently sequenced genome of the Serva vaccine strain. Only four ORFs, ORF C, U(L)37, ICP4 and U(S)2 differed in amino acid (aa) lengths among the newly sequenced genomes. Genome sequence alignments were used to identify two regions (5' terminus and the unique short/repeat short junction) that contained deletions. Seventy-eight synonymous and 118 non-synonymous amino acid substitutions were identified with the examined ORFs. Exclusive to the genome of the Serva vaccine strain, seven non-synonymous mutations were identified in the predicted translation products of the genes encoding glycoproteins gB, gE, gL and gM and three non-structural proteins U(L)28 (DNA packaging protein), U(L)5 (helicase-primase) and the immediate early protein ICP4. Furthermore, our comparative sequence analysis of published and newly sequenced GaHV-1 isolates has provided evidence placing the cleavage/packaging site (a-like sequence) within the inverted repeats instead of its placement at the 3' end of the U-L region as annotated in the GenBank's entries NC006623 and HQ630064. C1 [Spatz, S. J.; Zsak, L.; Afonso, C. L.] ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Volkening, J. D.] BASE2BIO, Madison, WI 53714 USA. [Keeler, C. L.; Boettger, C. M.; Clark, K. F.] Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Kutish, G. F.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Kutish, G. F.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Excellence Vaccine Res, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Rock, D. L.] Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. [Riblet, S. M.; Mundt, E. S.; Garcia, M.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. RP Spatz, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Stephen.Spatz@ars.usda.gov OI Volkening, Jeremy/0000-0002-8892-7155 FU United States Department of Agriculture CRIS [6612-32000-052]; US Poultry and Egg Association [F032] FX We thank Robert Mullis for his contributions in the bioinformatic analysis of the sequencing data. This research was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture CRIS program (project number 6612-32000-052) and the US Poultry and Egg Association (Project F032). NR 55 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD APR PY 2012 VL 44 IS 2 BP 273 EP 285 DI 10.1007/s11262-011-0696-3 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 900RB UT WOS:000300905100016 PM 22173980 ER PT J AU Richter, H Qureshi, N Heger, S Dien, B Cotta, MA Angenent, LT AF Richter, Hanno Qureshi, Nasib Heger, Sebastian Dien, Bruce Cotta, Michael A. Angenent, Largus T. TI Prolonged conversion of n-butyrate to n-butanol with Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum in a two-stage continuous culture with in-situ product removal SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ABE fermentation; butanol; carboxylate conversion; solventogenic Clostridium species; pH auxostat; gas stripping ID CONTINUOUS FERMENTATION; SOLVENT PRODUCTION; ACETOBUTYLICUM; ACETONE; BEIJERINCKII; ACIDS; PH; N1-4; DEGENERATION; PERFORMANCE AB n-Butanol was produced continuously in a two-stage fermentor system with integrated product removal from a co-feed of n-butyric acid and glucose. Glucose was always required as a source of ATP and electrons for the conversion of n-butyrate to n-butanol and for biomass growth; for the latter it also served as a carbon source. The first stage generated metabolically active planktonic cells of Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum strain N1-4 that were continuously fed into the second (production) stage; the volumetric ratio of the two fermentors was 1:10. n-Butanol was removed continuously from the second stage via gas stripping. Implementing a two-stage process was observed to dramatically dampen metabolic oscillations (i.e., periodical changes of solventogenic activity). Culture degeneration (i.e., an irreversible loss of solventogenic activity) was avoided by periodical heat shocking and re-inoculating stage 1 and by maintaining the concentration of undissociated n-butyric acid in stage 2 at 3.4?mM with a pH-auxostat. The system was successfully operated for 42 days during which 93% of the fed n-butyrate was converted to n-butanol at a production rate of 0.39?g/(L?x?h). The molar yields Yn-butanol/n-butyrate and Yn-butanol/glucose were 2.0, and 0.718, respectively. For the same run, the molar ratio of n-butyrate to glucose consumed was 0.358. The molar yield of carbon in n-butanol produced from carbon in n-butyrate and glucose consumed (Yn-butanol/carbon) was 0.386. These data illustrate that conversion of n-butyrate into n-butanol by solventogenic Clostridium species is feasible and that this can be performed in a continuous system operating for longer than a month. However, our data also demonstrate that a relatively large amount of glucose is required to supply electrons and ATP for this conversion and for cell growth in a continuous culture. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:913921. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Richter, Hanno; Heger, Sebastian; Angenent, Largus T.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Qureshi, Nasib; Dien, Bruce; Cotta, Michael A.] ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL USA. [Heger, Sebastian] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Dept Ecosyst Anal, Inst Environm Res Biol 5, Aachen, Germany. RP Angenent, LT (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Riley Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM la249@cornell.edu OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 FU National Institutes of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) [2007-35504-05381]; USDA through the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) [2007-35504-05381]; Cornell University FX Contract grant sponsor: National Institutes of Food and Agriculture (NIFA); Contract grant number: 2007-35504-05381; This project was supported by the USDA through the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA), grant number 2007-35504-05381. We also want to thank Professor Larry Walker (Cornell University) for his support and the permission to conduct a large part of our research within the Biofuel Research Laboratory. NR 45 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD APR PY 2012 VL 109 IS 4 BP 913 EP 921 DI 10.1002/bit.24380 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 897WX UT WOS:000300692700009 PM 22095002 ER PT J AU Nishiyama, Y Johnson, GP French, AD AF Nishiyama, Yoshiharu Johnson, Glenn P. French, Alfred D. TI Diffraction from nonperiodic models of cellulose crystals SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE X-ray; Fibril; Elementary; Microfibril; Amorphous ID NEUTRON FIBER DIFFRACTION; SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; HYDROGEN-BONDING SYSTEM; I-BETA; NATIVE CELLULOSE; VISUALIZATION; ALPHA; MICROFIBRILS; RESOLUTION AB Powder and fiber diffraction patterns were calculated for model cellulose crystallites with chains 20 glucose units long. Model sizes ranged from four chains to 169 chains, based on cellulose Ib coordinates. They were subjected to various combinations of energy minimization and molecular dynamics (MD) in water. Disorder induced by MD and one or two layers of water had small effects on the relative intensities, except that together they reduced the low-angle scattering that was otherwise severe enough to shift the 1 (1) over bar 1 0 peak. Other shifts in the calculated peaks occurred because the empirical force field used for MD and minimization caused the models to have small discrepancies with the experimental intermolecular distances. Twisting and other disorder induced by minimization or MD increased the breadth of peaks by about 0.2-0.3 degrees 2-theta. Patterns were compared with experimental results. In particular, the calculated fiber patterns revealed a potential for a larger number of experimental diffraction spots to be found for cellulose from some higher plants when crystallites are well-oriented. Either that, or further understanding of those structures is needed. One major use for patterns calculated from models is testing of various proposals for microfibril organization. C1 [Nishiyama, Yoshiharu] Univ Grenoble 1, Ctr Rech Macromol Vegetales CERMAV, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. [Johnson, Glenn P.; French, Alfred D.] USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Nishiyama, Y (reprint author), Univ Grenoble 1, Ctr Rech Macromol Vegetales CERMAV, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. EM yoshi@cermav.cnrs.fr; Al.French@ars.usda.gov RI Nishiyama, Yoshiharu/A-3492-2012 OI Nishiyama, Yoshiharu/0000-0003-4069-2307 NR 39 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 51 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 EI 1572-882X J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD APR PY 2012 VL 19 IS 2 BP 319 EP 336 DI 10.1007/s10570-012-9652-1 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 895TE UT WOS:000300518500002 ER PT J AU Edwards, JV Prevost, NT Condon, B French, A Wu, QL AF Edwards, J. Vincent Prevost, Nicolette T. Condon, Brian French, Alfred Wu, Qinglin TI Immobilization of lysozyme-cellulose amide-linked conjugates on cellulose I and II cotton nanocrystalline preparations SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Cotton nanocrystals; Lysozyme; Cellulose I; Cellulose II; Lysozyme-cellulose conjugates; Antimicrobial activity ID MESOPOROUS MATERIALS; X-RAY; ADSORPTION; NANOPARTICLES; PROTEINS; FIBERS; FUSION AB Lysozyme was attached through an amide linkage between some of the protein's aspartate and glutamate residues to amino-glycine-cellulose, which was prepared by esterification of glycine to preparations of cotton nanocrystals. The nanocrystalline preparations were produced through acid hydrolysis and mechanical breakage of the cotton fibers from a scoured and bleached cotton fabric and a scoured and bleached, mercerized fabric, which was shown to produce cellulose I (NCI) and cellulose II (NCII) crystals respectively. A carbodiimide-activation coupling reaction was used to create the lysozyme-amino-glycine-cellulose conjugates using both NCI and NCII in a polar solvent and gave yields of covalently linked lysozyme at 604 mg/gram of cotton nanocrystal. The incorporation of lysozyme conjugated to the NCI and NCII preparations gave very high activity (1,500 U/mg cotton) when assessed using a fluorescence tag assay to measure antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Scanning electron micrographs demonstrated an aggregation of nanoparticles corresponding to lysozyme bound on the surface of larger cotton nanocrystalline sheets. The approach of producing high enzyme activity on cotton nanocrystals is discussed in the context of selectively presenting robust hydrolase activity on nanocrystalline surfaces. C1 [Edwards, J. Vincent; Prevost, Nicolette T.; Condon, Brian; French, Alfred] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Wu, Qinglin] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Edwards, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM vince.edwards@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 7 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD APR PY 2012 VL 19 IS 2 BP 495 EP 506 DI 10.1007/s10570-011-9637-5 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 895TE UT WOS:000300518500017 ER PT J AU Mills, JS Dunham, JB Reeves, GH McMillan, JR Zimmerman, CE Jordan, CE AF Mills, Justin S. Dunham, Jason B. Reeves, Gordon H. McMillan, John R. Zimmerman, Christian E. Jordan, Chris E. TI Variability in expression of anadromy by female Oncorhynchus mykiss within a river network SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Steelhead trout; Rainbow trout; Migration; Partial migration; Anadromy; Otolith microchemistry; Life history ID RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; LIFE-HISTORY TACTICS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; OTOLITH MICROCHEMISTRY; PARTIAL MIGRATION; BROOK CHARR; BROWN TROUT; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; CHINOOK SALMON; FRESH-WATER AB We described and predicted spatial variation in marine migration (anadromy) of female Oncorhynchus mykiss in the John Day River watershed, Oregon. We collected 149 juvenile O. mykiss across 72 sites and identified locations used by anadromous females by assigning maternal origin (anadromous versus non-anadromous) to each juvenile. These assignments used comparisons of strontium to calcium ratios in otolith primordia and freshwater growth regions to indicate maternal origin. We used logistic regression to predict probability of anadromy in relation to mean annual stream runoff using data from a subset of individuals. This model correctly predicted anadromy in a second sample of individuals with a moderate level of accuracy (e.g., 68% correctly predicted with a 0.5 classification threshold). Residuals from the models were not spatially autocorrelated, suggesting that remaining variability in the expression of anadromy was due to localized influences, as opposed to broad-scale gradients unrelated to mean annual stream runoff. These results are important for the management of O. mykiss because anadromous individuals (steelhead) within the John Day River watershed are listed as a threatened species, and it is difficult to discern juvenile steelhead from non-anadromous individuals (rainbow trout) in the field. Our results provide a broad-scale description and prediction of locations supporting anadromy, and new insight for habitat restoration, monitoring, and research to better manage and understand the expression of anadromy in O. mykiss. C1 [Mills, Justin S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mills, Justin S.; McMillan, John R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Reeves, Gordon H.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Zimmerman, Christian E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Jordan, Chris E.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Mills, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jdunham@usgs.gov OI Zimmerman, Christian/0000-0002-3646-0688 FU NOAA; USGS; USFS FX All sampling was conducted in accordance with the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife permit # OR2007-3680 M1, which was approved by NOAA and USFWS under the Endangered Species Act. Several biologists at the ODFW, including Tim Unterwegner, Jim Ruzycki, Jeff Neal, Shelly Miller, and Chris James, helped identify survey locations and provided critical information on the biology of O. mykiss in the John Day River basin. Peter Stratis, Nick Smith, and Brett Blundon provided assistance in the field and laboratory. Bob Hoffman, Cam Jones, Kathy Motter, and Frank Tepley provided assistance with analyses of water quality and otolith microchemistry. We thank three anonymous reviewers and J. Falke and K. McNyset for constructive comments on an early draft. Funding was provided by NOAA, USGS, and the USFS. Use of trade or firm names is for reader information only and does not constitute endorsement of any product or service by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD APR PY 2012 VL 93 IS 4 BP 505 EP 517 DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9946-4 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 895VT UT WOS:000300525500006 ER PT J AU MacKenzie, RA Cormier, N AF MacKenzie, Richard A. Cormier, Nicole TI Stand structure influences nekton community composition and provides protection from natural disturbance in Micronesian mangroves SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Fish; Shrimp; Crabs; Mangrove tidal creeks; Micronesia; Structural complexity; Typhoon ID FISH ASSEMBLAGES; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; FOREST STRUCTURE; FLORIDA ESTUARY; JUVENILE FISH; HURRICANE; HABITAT; WATER; PREDATION; RESPONSES AB Structurally complex mangrove roots are thought to provide foraging habitat, predation refugia, and typhoon protection for resident fish, shrimp, and crabs. The spatially compact nature of Micronesian mangroves results in model ecosystems to test these ideas. Tidal creek nekton assemblages were compared among mangrove forests impacted by Typhoon Sudal and differing in stand structure. Structurally complex Rhizophora spp. stands were predicted to support higher densities and different communities of nekton and to provide greater protection from typhoons compared to less complex Sonneratia alba/Bruguiera gymnorrhiza stands. Lift net data revealed that structural complexity did not support greater nekton densities, but did support significantly different nekton assemblages. The cardinalfish Apogon ceramensis and goby Oxyurichthys lonchotus had significantly higher densities in S. alba/B. gymnorrhiza mangrove creeks, whereas the silverside Atherinomorus lacunosus and diogenid crabs had significantly higher densities in Rhizophora spp. creeks. Similar nekton densities 17 and 4 months after the typhoon in Rhizophora spp. creeks provided indirect evidence that structural complexity increased protection for resident nekton from disturbances. Findings indicate that studies of structural complexity and nekton densities may be better served when individual species are compared and that diverse mangrove tree assemblages will support diverse nekton assemblages that may be more resilient to disturbance. C1 [MacKenzie, Richard A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Cormier, Nicole] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP MacKenzie, RA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 60 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM rmackenzie@fs.fed.us FU Forest Service FX We are extremely grateful to the people of Yap for providing us with access to and knowledge of their mangrove forests. We also thank M. Falanruw who helped coordinate logistics and sampling efforts. J. Libiy, F. Ruegarong, S. Mar, F. Yinung, B. Nakahara, A. Demopolous, and B. Tibbatts provided assistance in the field. Thanks to M. Greenfield, B. Tibbatts, and two anonymous reviewers who provided constructive comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. H. Larson and A. Bruce verified goby and shrimp identifications. This project was funded by a grant from the Forest Service's International Programs. NR 68 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD APR PY 2012 VL 685 IS 1 BP 155 EP 171 DI 10.1007/s10750-011-0865-3 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 897RR UT WOS:000300673500011 ER PT J AU Laliberte, AS Browning, DM Rango, A AF Laliberte, A. S. Browning, D. M. Rango, A. TI A comparison of three feature selection methods for object-based classification of sub-decimeter resolution UltraCam-L imagery SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION LA English DT Article DE Feature selection; Object based image analysis; Aerial imagery; Very high resolution; Classification ID VEHICLE UAV IMAGERY; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; ORIENTED CLASSIFICATION; IKONOS IMAGERY; SEGMENTATION; TEXTURE; SCALE; INVENTORY; ACCURACY AB The availability of numerous spectral, spatial, and contextual features with object-based image analysis (OBIA) renders the selection of optimal features a time consuming and subjective process. While several feature selection methods have been used in conjunction with OBIA, a robust comparison of the utility and efficiency of approaches would facilitate broader and more effective implementation. In this study, we evaluated three feature selection methods, (1) Jeffreys-Matusita distance (JM), (2) classification tree analysis (CTA), and (3) feature space optimization (FSO) for object-based vegetation classifications with sub-decimeter digital aerial imagery in arid rangelands of the southwestern U.S. We assessed strengths, weaknesses, and best uses for each method using the criteria of ease of use, ability to rank and/or reduce input features, and classification accuracies. For the five sites tested. JM resulted in the highest overall classification accuracies for three sites, while CTA yielded highest accuracies for two sites. FSO resulted in the lowest accuracies. CTA offered ease of use and ability to rank and reduce features, while JM had the advantage of assessing class separation distances. FSO allowed for determining features relatively quickly, because it operates within the OBIA software used in this analysis (eCognition). However, the feature ranking in FSO is not transparent and accuracies were relatively low. While all methods offered an objective approach for determining suitable features for classifications of sub-decimeter resolution aerial imagery, we concluded that CTA was best suited for this particular application. We explore the limitations, assumptions, and appropriate uses for this and other datasets. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Laliberte, A. S.] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Browning, D. M.; Rango, A.] USDA Agr Res Serv, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Laliberte, AS (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM alaliber@nmsu.edu RI Ma, Lei/I-4597-2014 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service; National Science Foundation; Jornada Basin V: Landscape Linkages in Arid and Semiarid Ecosystems; USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service FX This research was funded by the USDA Agricultural Research Service and the National Science Foundation Long-Term Ecological Research Program, Jornada Basin V: Landscape Linkages in Arid and Semiarid Ecosystems, and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service in support of the Conservation Effects Assessment Project. The authors would like to thank Debra Peters and John Anderson for access to the LTER NPP sites, and Peg Gronemeyer, Amy Slaughter and Connie Maxwell for field data collection. NR 41 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 67 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0303-2434 J9 INT J APPL EARTH OBS JI Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. PD APR PY 2012 VL 15 SI SI BP 70 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.jag.2011.05.011 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 890HU UT WOS:000300136500008 ER PT J AU Yang, LY Zhang, JL Bassett, CL Meng, XH AF Yang, Ling-Yu Zhang, Jian-Lei Bassett, Carole L. Meng, Xiang-Hong TI Difference between chitosan and oligochitosan in growth of Monilinia fructicola and control of brown rot in peach fruit SO LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Monilinia fructicola; Chitosan; Oligochitosan; Peach fruit; Disease ID DIFFERENT MOLECULAR-WEIGHTS; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; PHYTOPHTHORA-CAPSICI; POSTHARVEST DISEASES; TOMATO FRUIT; TABLE GRAPES; IN-VITRO; STORAGE; PREHARVEST AB Chitosan (CS) and oligochitosan (OCS), as natural antifungal agents, have been primarily used as alternatives to synthetic chemical fungicides to control postharvest diseases of fruits. The effectiveness of these two agents on the growth of Monilinia fructicola to control brown rot has not yet been reported. Both spore germination and mycelial growth of M. fructicola were strongly inhibited by CS and OCS treatments in this study. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of both agents was more obvious on mycelial growth than on spore germination. By comparison of the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of each, OCS treatment conferred a little better inhibitory effect on fungal growth in vitro, but the effectiveness of both treatments on brown rot control in peach fruit stored at 25 degrees C was very similar. The integrity of the plasma membrane of CS- or OCS-treated spores was obviously lower than that of the control. Cytoplasm leakage was significantly higher in chitosan-treated mycelia than that of the control. These results suggest that both chitosan and oligochitosan used in this study are promising natural fungicides for control of brown rot of peach. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, Ling-Yu; Zhang, Jian-Lei; Meng, Xiang-Hong] Ocean Univ China, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China. [Bassett, Carole L.] USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Meng, XH (reprint author), Ocean Univ China, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China. EM mengxh@ouc.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30972063]; Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation [121028]; University of China [NCET-10-0760] FX The research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (30972063), the Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation (121028) and Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China (NCET-10-0760). We thank Professor Shiping Tian for her kindly help in this research. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0023-6438 J9 LWT-FOOD SCI TECHNOL JI LWT-Food Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 46 IS 1 BP 254 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.lwt.2011.09.023 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 888EU UT WOS:000299987400037 ER PT J AU Ma, HL Pan, ZL Li, BG Atungulu, GG Olson, DA Wall, MM McHugh, TH AF Ma, Haile Pan, Zhongli Li, Baoguo Atungulu, Griffiths G. Olson, Donald A. Wall, Marisa M. McHugh, Tara H. TI Properties of extruded expandable breadfruit products SO LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Extrusion; Breadfruit; Processing parameters; Optimization ID SCREW EXTRUSION-COOKING; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; AFRICAN BREADFRUIT; RICE FLOUR; STARCH GELATINIZATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; MAIZE GRITS; CORN GRITS AB It is vital to process breadfruit in order to develop new value-added products with improved sensory and physicochemical characteristics. In this research, dried breadfruit was extruded with a twin screw extruder and effects of barrel temperature, moisture content, feeding rate and screw speed on product physicochemical properties and process energy consumption were studied. Quadratic models were obtained to predict the product quality under various processing conditions. The best range of crispness of the extrudate was from 2.0 to 3.5N/s, hardness from 60 to 75 N and bulk density from 0.3 to 0.38 g/cm(3). Corresponding operating conditions of feeding rate, temperature, screw speed and moisture content to obtain best results of crispness, hardness and bulk density were 16 kg/h, 130 degrees C, 160 rpm, 22 g/100 g; 22 kg/h, 150 degrees C, 160rpm, 22 g/kg; 19 kg/h, 140 degrees C, 115 rpm, 19 g/100 g; and 25 kg/h, 140 degrees C, 145 rpm, 19 g/100g. respectively. The linear term of screw speed significantly effected all indexes (p < 0.001), especially water absorption and solubility indexes, sectional expansion ratio, bulk density, color and specific mechanical energy. The interaction term of feed rate and temperature, and square term of screw speed had no significant influences (p >= 0.1). The findings were useful for developing and optimizing extruded or value-added co products of breadfruit. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ma, Haile; Pan, Zhongli; Li, Baoguo; Atungulu, Griffiths G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ma, Haile] Jiangsu Univ, Coll Food & Biol Engn, Zhenjiang 212013, Peoples R China. [Pan, Zhongli; Olson, Donald A.; McHugh, Tara H.] ARS, Proc Foods Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Li, Baoguo] Shanghai Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Power Engn, Shanghai 200093, Peoples R China. [Wall, Marisa M.] ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Pan, ZL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM zhongli.pan@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0023-6438 J9 LWT-FOOD SCI TECHNOL JI LWT-Food Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 46 IS 1 BP 326 EP 334 DI 10.1016/j.lwt.2011.09.007 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 888EU UT WOS:000299987400048 ER PT J AU Moser, BR AF Moser, Bryan R. TI Efficacy of gossypol as an antioxidant additive in biodiesel SO RENEWABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Antioxidant; Biodiesel; Butylated hydroxytoluene; Fatty acid methyl esters; Gossypol; gamma-tocopherol ID OIL METHYL-ESTERS; SOYBEAN OIL; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; FUEL PROPERTIES; STORAGE STABILITY; VEGETABLE-OILS; TOCOPHEROLS; DERIVATIVES; CANOLA; LIPIDS AB The efficacy of gossypol as an antioxidant additive in fatty acid methyl esters (FAMES) prepared from soybean oil (SME), waste cooking oil (WCME) and technical grade methyl oleate (MO) was investigated. Gossypol is a naturally occurring polyphenolic aldehyde with antioxidant properties isolated from cottonseed that is toxic to humans and animals. At treatment levels of 250 and 500 ppm, gossypol exhibited statistically significant improvements in the induction periods (IPs; EN 14112) of SME, WCME and MO. Efficacy was most pronounced in SME, which was due to its higher concentration of endogenous tocopherols (757 ppm) versus WCME (60 ppm) and MO (0 ppm). A comparison of antioxidant efficacy was made with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and gamma-tocopherol. For FAMEs with low concentrations of endogenous tocopherols (WCME and MO), gamma-tocopherol exhibited the greatest efficacy, although treatments employing BHT and gossypol also yielded statistically significant improvements to oxidative stability. In summary, gossypol was effective as an exogenous antioxidant for FAMEs investigated herein. In particular, FAMEs containing a comparatively high percentage of endogenous tocopherols were especially suited to gossypol as an antioxidant additive. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ARS, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Moser, BR (reprint author), ARS, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Bryan.Moser@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-1481 J9 RENEW ENERG JI Renew. Energy PD APR PY 2012 VL 40 IS 1 BP 65 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.renene.2011.09.022 PG 6 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA 854WB UT WOS:000297524400007 ER PT J AU Sarnoski, PJ Johnson, JV Reed, KA Tanko, JM O'Keefe, SF AF Sarnoski, Paul J. Johnson, Jodie V. Reed, Kyle A. Tanko, James M. O'Keefe, Sean F. TI Separation and characterisation of proanthocyanidins in Virginia type peanut skins by LC-MSn SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Electrospray mass spectrometry; Liquid chromatography; Proanthocyanidin; Peanut skin ID LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY; PROCYANIDIN OLIGOMERS; PHENOLIC ANTIOXIDANTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CONDENSED TANNINS; GRAPE SEEDS; EXTRACTION; FOODS; IDENTIFICATION; COMPONENTS AB Proanthocyanidins were extracted from peanut skins, an agricultural waste product of Virginia. Proanthocyanidin composition of single solvent and multistep extraction procedures of peanut skins were compared by HPLC-UV-vis absorbance. The multistep extraction procedure yielded more proanthocyanidin peaks and larger peak areas. Thus this extraction procedure was chosen for subsequent fractionation. Fractionation was performed by size exclusion (Toyopearl HW-40S) and normal phase (NP) (porous silica) high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) before reversed phase (RP) electrospray ionisation liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (ESI-LC-MSn). Proanthocyanidin separation on the NP column was better overall, compared to size exclusion chromatography, and thus was chosen for characterisation by MS. Peanut skin procyanidins were found to separate in order of increasing molecular weight on the NP column. The ESI-MS generated positive and negative molecular-type ions and their dissociation product ions were used to identify specific proanthocyanidins and procyanidins. New proanthocyanidin dimeric and trimeric species were identified. These species consisted of one or two (epi)catechin units bound to luteolin or kaempferol. Monomers through nonamers of flavan-3-ols were identified by retention time and their multistep (MSn) dissociation pathway. Hexamers were identified as both singly and doubly charged negative ions, [M-zH](z-), z = 1 or 2. Species of greater than pentamers were tentatively identified due to their low ionisation efficiency and significant overlap of species both chromatographically and in the MS spectra. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Reed, Kyle A.; O'Keefe, Sean F.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Sarnoski, Paul J.] Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Johnson, Jodie V.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Tanko, James M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP O'Keefe, SF (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM okeefes@vt.edu RI O'Keefe, Sean/N-3101-2016 OI O'Keefe, Sean/0000-0002-2491-7900 FU Biodesign and Bioprocessing Research Center (BBRC) of Virginia Tech. FX This work was supported by the Biodesign and Bioprocessing Research Center (BBRC) of Virginia Tech. NR 36 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 5 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD APR 1 PY 2012 VL 131 IS 3 BP 927 EP 939 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.081 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 859JT UT WOS:000297873400027 ER PT J AU Waters, WR Palmer, MV Buddle, BM Vordermeier, HM AF Waters, W. Ray Palmer, Mitchell V. Buddle, Bryce M. Vordermeier, H. Martin TI Bovine tuberculosis vaccine research: Historical perspectives and recent advances SO VACCINE LA English DT Review DE Bovine tuberculosis vaccines; Mycobacterium bovis; Correlates of protection; Historical perspectives; Wildlife reservoirs ID BACILLUS-CALMETTE-GUERIN; WHITE-TAILED DEER; POSSUMS TRICHOSURUS-VULPECULA; DELAYED-TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY; EUROPEAN WILD BOAR; VIRULENT MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; PREDICTED SECRETED ANTIGENS; GAMMA-INTERFERON PRODUCTION; FERRETS MUSTELA-FURO; LIPID-FORMULATED BCG AB The emergence of wildlife reservoirs of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle as well as increased inter-regional trade with associated spread of M. bovis has led to renewed interest in the use of vaccines for the control of bovine tuberculosis (TB). Field efficacy trials performed in the early 20th century demonstrated the partial effectiveness of bacilli Calmette-Guerin (BCG) for the control of bovine TB. Recent experimental trials with cattle have demonstrated that: (1) subunit vaccines may boost immunity elicited by BCG in cattle, (2) T cell central memory immune responses evoked by protective vaccines correlate with protection upon subsequent M. bovis challenge, (3) BCG is particularly protective when administered to neonates, and (4) differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) is feasible in cattle using in vitro or in vivo methods. In regards to wildlife reservoirs, the efficacy of BCG delivered orally has been demonstrated for brushtail possums (in field trials) as well as Eurasian badgers, wild boar, and white-tailed deer (each in experimental challenge studies). Vaccine delivery to wildlife reservoirs will primarily be oral, although a parenteral route is being deployed for badgers in England. Vaccine efficacy trials, both experimental challenge and field studies, with cattle and their wildlife reservoirs represent a primary example of the one health approach, with outcomes relevant for both veterinary and medical applications. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Waters, W. Ray; Palmer, Mitchell V.] USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, ARS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Buddle, Bryce M.] AgResearch, Hopkirk Res Inst, Palmerston North, New Zealand. [Vordermeier, H. Martin] Anim Hlth & Vet Labs Agcy, Addlestone, Surrey, England. RP Waters, WR (reprint author), USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, ARS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM ray.waters@ars.usda.gov RI Vordermeier, H Martin/C-6936-2011; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010 FU Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs UK (Defra); Wellcome Trust FX Martin Vordermeier was funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs UK (Defra) and the Wellcome Trust. NR 167 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 8 U2 92 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 30 PY 2012 VL 30 IS 16 BP 2611 EP 2622 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.02.018 PG 12 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 924AQ UT WOS:000302663200002 PM 22342705 ER PT J AU Barros-Rios, J Santiago, R Malvar, RA Jung, HJG AF Barros-Rios, Jaime Santiago, Rogelio Malvar, Rosa A. Jung, Hans-Joachim G. TI Chemical composition and cell wall polysaccharide degradability of pith and rind tissues from mature maize internodes SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Maize silage; In vitro degradability; Cell wall cross-linking; Ferulic acid; Diferulate; Lignin ID FERULATE CROSS-LINKS; STEM TISSUES; ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION; DIETARY FIBER; SORGHUM STEMS; ACID BRIDGES; INBRED LINES; LIGNIN; FORAGE; DIGESTIBILITY AB This study was undertaken to identify tissue-specific biochemical traits that may be targeted in breeding programs for improving forage digestibility. We compared cell wall chemical composition and 24- and 96-h in vitro degradabilities in separated pith and rind tissues of lower stem internodes from six maize (Zea mays L) inbred lines. Across genotypes, rind tissues had higher total cell wall and ether-linked ferulate concentrations (69%. and 53% higher, respectively), were less degradable, and the increased degradation between incubation times was larger than in pith tissues. Genotypes exhibited genetic variation for glucose, xylose and hydroxinnamate ester concentrations and for most measures of cell wall degradability. However, none of genotypes had extreme values for these cell wall traits in both tissues, indicating that regulation of cell wall characteristics may be tissue-independent. Cross-linking of lignin to arabinoxylan through ferulate ethers explained a portion of cell wall degradability variation in both tissues (R-2 = 0.55 and 0.24 of pith and rind cell wall 24-h degradability, respectively), and in conjunction with Klason lignin concentration 'appeared to be one of the major determinants of cell wall degradability. p-Coumarate ester and glucose concentrations were the overall best predictors of pith cell wall degradability, and arabinose concentration was a good indicator of rapid rind cell wall degradability, suggesting the potential usefulness of these cell wall traits in breeding programs to improve cell wall digestibility. However, the majority of rind cell wall degradability variation (R-2 = 0.65 and 0.73 of 24- and 96-h degradabilities, respectively) was not explained by the cell wall traits evaluated. Additional biochemical traits and anatomical factors influence cell wall degradation in isolated tissues. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jung, Hans-Joachim G.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Jung, Hans-Joachim G.] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Barros-Rios, Jaime; Santiago, Rogelio; Malvar, Rosa A.] Mision Biol Galicia CSIC, E-36080 Pontevedra, Spain. RP Barros-Rios, J (reprint author), CSIC MBG, Apartado 28, E-36080 Pontevedra, Spain. EM jbarros@mbg.csic.es; rsantiago@mbg.csic.es; rmalvar@mbg.csic.es; jungx002@umn.edu RI Malvar, Rosa /E-7926-2012; Santiago, Rogelio/E-7610-2012; Barros, Jaime/H-8368-2015 OI Barros, Jaime/0000-0002-9545-312X FU National Plan for Research and Development of Spain [AGL2006-13140, AGL 2009-9611]; Ministry of Science and Innovation (Spain); Autonomous Government of Galicia (Spain) FX We appreciate the valuable training and technical assistance provided by Ted Jeo in sample analysis. We thank Dr. Lana Reid of ECORC, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada for supplying inbred line CO441 used in this study. This research was supported by the National Plan for Research and Development of Spain (Projects Cod. AGL2006-13140, AGL 2009-9611). J. Barros-Rios acknowledges a grant from the Ministry of Science and Innovation (Spain). R. Santiago acknowledges a postdoctoral contract "Isidro Parga Pondal" financed by the Autonomous Government of Galicia (Spain). NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 EI 1873-2216 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD MAR 30 PY 2012 VL 172 IS 3-4 BP 226 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.01.005 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 913YP UT WOS:000301913600014 ER PT J AU Lawrence, P Schafer, EA Rieder, E AF Lawrence, Paul Schafer, Elizabeth A. Rieder, Elizabeth TI The nuclear protein Sam68 is cleaved by the FMDV 3C protease redistributing Sam68 to the cytoplasm during FMDV infection of host cells SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sam68; Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV); 3C protease; Internal ribosomal entry site (IRES); Virus translation ID MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS; RIBOSOME ENTRY SITE; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RNA-BINDING PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PORE COMPLEX; KH-DOMAIN; MESSENGER-RNA; HIV-1 RNA; REV FUNCTION AB Picornavirus infection can lead to disruption of nuclear pore traffic, shut-off of cell translation machinery, and cleavage of proteins involved in cellular signal transduction and the innate response to infection. Here, we demonstrated that the FMDV 3C(pro) induced the cleavage of nuclear RNA-binding protein Sam68 C-terminus containing the nuclear localization sequence (NLS). Consequently, it stimulated the redistribution of Sam68 to the cytoplasm. The siRNA knockdown of Sam68 resulted in a 1000-fold reduction in viral titers, which prompted us to study the effect of Sam68 on FMDV post-entry events. Interestingly, Sam68 interacts with the internal ribosomal entry site within the 5' non-translated region of the FMDV genome, and Sam68 knockdown decreased FMDV IRES-driven activity in vitro suggesting that it could modulate translation of the viral genome. The results uncover a novel role for Sam68 in the context of picornaviruses and the proteolysis of a new cellular target of the FMDV 3C(pro). Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Rieder, Elizabeth] ARS, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr,NAA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Rieder, E (reprint author), ARS, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr,NAA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM elizabeth.rieder@ars.usda.gov NR 66 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAR 30 PY 2012 VL 425 IS 1 BP 40 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2011.12.019 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 900FD UT WOS:000300871100005 PM 22280896 ER PT J AU Snyder, GS Gaylord, TG Barrows, FT Overturf, K Cain, KD Hill, RA Hardy, RW AF Snyder, G. Scott Gaylord, T. Gibson Barrows, Frederic T. Overturf, Kenneth Cain, Kenneth D. Hill, Rodney A. Hardy, Ronald W. TI Effects of carnosine supplementation to an all-plant protein diet for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Carnosine; Fishmeal replacement; Muscle development; Plant-based feed ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE GROWTH; APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY COEFFICIENTS; SOMATOTROPIC AXIS RESPONSIVENESS; PROTEASOME-DEPENDENT PROTEOLYSIS; FRACTIONATED FISH HYDROLYSATE; BREAM SPARUS-AURATA; AMINO-ACID PATTERN; FREE L-HISTIDINE; SALMO-SALAR L.; ATLANTIC SALMON AB Fish meal may contain "unknown growth factors" that have yet to be identified for their physiological role. Carnosine is a histidine-beta-alanine dipeptide found in muscle and nervous system tissue which has been demonstrated to have biological activity, but its physiological role is not well defined. A 9-week feeding study was conducted comparing diet FM, a 100% fish meal protein control diet, to fish fed three plant protein diets: diet SPI, 100% of the fish meal replaced with soy protein isolate: diet SPI + AA, diet SPI supplemented with methionine, lysine, threonine and glycine to diet FM levels: and diet CSN, diet SPI + AA supplemented with carnosine. Feeding diet SPI resulted in significant differences in feed conversion ratios (FCR), percent gain and protein retention efficiencies relative to fish fed diet FM. Feeding diets SIN + AA and CSN resulted in Kits, percent gains and protein retention efficiencies that were not significantly different from fish fed diet FM. Fish fed diets SPI, SPI + AA and CSN resulted in reduced muscle ratio (MR) and feeding diets SPI + AA and CSN resulted in increased intraperitoneal fat ratio (IPFR) relative to fish fed diet FM. Supplementing carnosine to an all-plant protein diet resulted in elevated plasma carnosine and increased muscle free pool anserine. Feeding diets SPI, SPI + AA and CSN resulted in reduced muscle development and increased calpain induced proteolysis. In conclusion, carnosine supplementation did not significantly improve the 100% plant protein diets in regard to the measured growth characteristics above the amino acid supplemented treatments and other unidentified factors may be limiting in the diet causing the reductions in MR and elevated IPFR. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hardy, Ronald W.] Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Snyder, G. Scott; Barrows, Frederic T.; Overturf, Kenneth] USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Gaylord, T. Gibson] USFWS Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Cain, Kenneth D.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Cain, Kenneth D.] Univ Idaho, Inst Aquaculture Res, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Hill, Rodney A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Anim & Vet Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Hardy, RW (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059 F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM rhardy@uidaho.edu OI Gaylord, Gibson/0000-0003-3037-0451 FU USDA/Agricultural Research Service [5366-21310-00D] FX The authors wish to thank ARS technicians April M. Teague and Lorrie Van Tassel, and University of Idaho research personnel Mike Casten and Carol Hoffman for their assistance with this study. This study was funded by the USDA/Agricultural Research Service Project No. 5366-21310-00D. NR 94 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAR 29 PY 2012 VL 338 BP 72 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.12.042 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 945QI UT WOS:000304290700010 ER PT J AU Cleveland, BM Kenney, PB Manor, ML Weber, GM AF Cleveland, Beth M. Kenney, P. Brett Manor, Meghan L. Weber, Gregory M. TI Effects of feeding level and sexual maturation on carcass and fillet characteristics and indices of protein degradation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Fish; Spawning; Protein turnover; GeXP; Atrogin ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; SKELETAL-MUSCLE ATROPHY; MYOFIBRILLAR PROTEINS; SPAWNING MIGRATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; PROXIMATE COMPOSITION; UBIQUITIN LIGASE; POLYPLOID FISH AB Sexual maturation in salmonids requires mobilization of proteins from muscle tissue, which is evidenced by increased expression of proteolysis-related genes and decreased muscle protein content. However, it is unknown how ration level affects this proteolytic response. In the current study, female diploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) approaching ovulation were fed for 12 weeks at 0.25% and 0.50% tank biomass, and to apparent satiation. Triploid trout, which exhibit little ovarian growth, were included at the 0.50% ration level. Gonad somatic index increased in diploids from 3.98% to approximately 13% and was unaffected by ration. Reduced feed intake and maturation negatively affected protein and lipid deposition in skeletal muscle, as indicated by reduced fillet weight and reduced fillet protein and lipid content. During midvitellogenesis, expression of genes involved in proteolytic pathways was higher in diploids compared to tripbids and the majority of the differentially expressed transcripts were cathepsin and autophagy-related genes. These differences increased with maturation and expanded to include multiple components of the proteasome, ubiquitin ligases, calpastatins, and caspase 9. Expression patterns of multiple proteolysis-related genes suggest that fish consuming the moderate 0.50% ration had the lowest capacity for protein degradation. In summary, these results suggest that maturation increases protein degradation and that higher levels of feed intake are unable to alleviate these effects. However, higher levels of feed intake prevent a net loss of muscle protein, suggesting that dietary nutrients are able to replace endogenous nutrients mobilized from skeletal muscle in support of gonad growth. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cleveland, Beth M.; Weber, Gregory M.] ARS, NCCCWA, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Kenney, P. Brett; Manor, Meghan L.] W Virginia Univ, Div Anim & Nutr Sci, Davis Coll Agr Forestry & Consumer Sci, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Cleveland, BM (reprint author), ARS, NCCCWA, USDA, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM beth.cleveland@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service Project [1930-31000-010-000D]; West Virginia University, Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station [WVA00456] FX We thank Lisa Radler, Jill Birkett, and Mark Hostuttler for their technical expertise. We acknowledge animal caretaking contributions from Josh Kretzer, Jenea McGowan, Kyle Jenkins, and Kevin Melody. Funding for this study came from the Agricultural Research Service Project 1930-31000-010-000D and by Hatch funds (WVA00456) of the West Virginia University, Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station. NR 60 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAR 29 PY 2012 VL 338 BP 228 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.01.032 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 945QI UT WOS:000304290700030 ER PT J AU Krishnan, S Newman, JW Hembrooke, TA Keim, NL AF Krishnan, Sridevi Newman, John W. Hembrooke, Tara A. Keim, Nancy L. TI Variation in metabolic responses to meal challenges differing in glycemic index in healthy women: Is it meaningful? SO NUTRITION & METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE Glycemic index; Phenotyping; Meal challenge tests; Range scaling; Principal component analysis ID LEPTIN CONCENTRATIONS; CIRCULATING LEPTIN; PLASMA LEPTIN; OB GENE; INSULIN; EXPRESSION; COMPONENT; STRATEGY; OBESITY; WEIGHT AB Background: Established clinical tests are commonly used in disease diagnosis, but tools that enhance identification of metabolic dysfunctions are needed. This study was conducted to identify typical and atypical metabolite temporal patterns in response to paired meal challenge tests. Design: Metabolic responses to high and low glycemic index (GI) meals were tested in 24 healthy pre-menopausal women, aged 20-50 y, with BMI of 25-30 kg/m(2) using a cross-over design. On test days, blood glucose, insulin, leptin and non-esterified fatty acids were measured after an overnight fasting, and for 8 h following test meal consumption. The data were range scaled, and multivariate statistics were used to assess the presence of distinct response groups to the meal challenge tests. Results: As expected, participants showed higher circulating glucose and insulin in response to the high GI compared to the low GI meal challenge. However, using range-scaling and Principal Component Analysis, three distinct groups were identified based on differential responses to the paired challenges. Members of the most populated group (n = 18) displayed little deviation from the expected response to the two meal challenges. Two minor groups (n = 3/group) with distinct responses were observed, one suggestive of sub-clinical insulin resistance, and the other suggestive of hyperleptinemia. Conclusions: The differential responses of glucose, insulin and leptin to low and high glycemic test meals revealed three response groups. Dietary intervention studies traditionally evaluate group responses, and aim to identify the overall effect in the population studied. In contrast, our study analyzed the variance in the meal challenge responses, using an integrated physiological approach, rather than a reductionist approach. This phenotyping approach may be useful for detecting subclinical metabolic dysfunctions, and it could contribute to improved personalized nutrition management. This study is registered in ClinicalTrials. gov, record #200210295 C1 [Krishnan, Sridevi; Newman, John W.; Hembrooke, Tara A.; Keim, Nancy L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Newman, John W.; Keim, Nancy L.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Obes & Metab Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hembrooke, Tara A.] Platinum Performance Inc, Buellton, CA USA. RP Keim, NL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM nancy.keim@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-7075 J9 NUTR METAB JI Nutr. Metab. PD MAR 29 PY 2012 VL 9 AR 26 DI 10.1186/1743-7075-9-26 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 942NI UT WOS:000304050700001 PM 22458475 ER PT J AU An, SH Dong, SZ Wang, Q Li, S Gilbert, LI Stanley, D Song, QS AF An, Shiheng Dong, Shengzhang Wang, Qian Li, Sheng Gilbert, Lawrence I. Stanley, David Song, Qisheng TI Insect Neuropeptide Bursicon Homodimers Induce Innate Immune and Stress Genes during Molting by Activating the NF-kappa B Transcription Factor Relish SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; REGULATED GENES; HOST-DEFENSE; RECEPTOR; HORMONE; IDENTIFICATION AB Background: Bursicon is a heterodimer neuropeptide composed of two cystine knot proteins, bursicon alpha (burs alpha) and bursicon beta (burs beta), that elicits cuticle tanning (melanization and sclerotization) through the Drosophila leucine-rich repeats-containing G protein-coupled receptor 2 (DLGR2). Recent studies show that both bursicon subunits also form homodimers. However, biological functions of the homodimers have remained unknown until now. Methodology/Principal Findings: In this report, we show in Drosophila melanogaster that both bursicon homodimers induced expression of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in neck-ligated adults following recombinant homodimer injection and in larvae fat body after incubation with recombinant homodimers. These AMP genes were also up-regulated in 24 h old unligated flies (when the endogenous bursicon level is low) after injection of recombinant homodimers. Up-regulation of AMP genes by the homodimers was accompanied by reduced bacterial populations in fly assay preparations. The induction of AMP expression is via activation of the NF-kappa B transcription factor Relish in the immune deficiency (Imd) pathway. The influence of bursicon homodimers on immune function does not appear to act through the heterodimer receptor DLGR2, i.e. novel receptors exist for the homodimers. Conclusions/Significance: Our results reveal a mechanism of CNS-regulated prophylactic innate immunity during molting via induced expression of genes encoding AMPs and genes of the Turandot family. Turandot genes are also up-regulated by a broader range of extreme insults. From these data we infer that CNS-generated bursicon homodimers mediate innate prophylactic immunity to both stress and infection during the vulnerable molting cycle. C1 [An, Shiheng; Dong, Shengzhang; Wang, Qian; Song, Qisheng] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Li, Sheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Plant Physiol & Ecol, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Gilbert, Lawrence I.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Stanley, David] USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. RP An, SH (reprint author), Henan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Zhengzhou, Henan, Peoples R China. EM songq@missouri.edu FU National Science Foundation FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation to QS. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 25 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 28 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e34510 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0034510 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 948FM UT WOS:000304489000115 PM 22470576 ER PT J AU Boichard, D Chung, H Dassonneville, R David, X Eggen, A Fritz, S Gietzen, KJ Hayes, BJ Lawley, CT Sonstegard, TS Van Tassell, CP VanRaden, PM Viaud-Martinez, KA Wiggans, GR AF Boichard, Didier Chung, Hoyoung Dassonneville, Romain David, Xavier Eggen, Andre Fritz, Sebastien Gietzen, Kimberly J. Hayes, Ben J. Lawley, Cynthia T. Sonstegard, Tad S. Van Tassell, Curtis P. VanRaden, Paul M. Viaud-Martinez, Karine A. Wiggans, George R. CA Bovine LD Consortium TI Design of a Bovine Low-Density SNP Array Optimized for Imputation SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GENOMIC EVALUATION; MISSING GENOTYPES; DAIRY-CATTLE; SELECTION; PREDICTION; MARKERS; PANELS; PHASE AB The Illumina BovineLD BeadChip was designed to support imputation to higher density genotypes in dairy and beef breeds by including single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that had a high minor allele frequency as well as uniform spacing across the genome except at the ends of the chromosome where densities were increased. The chip also includes SNPs on the Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA loci that are useful for determining subspecies classification and certain paternal and maternal breed lineages. The total number of SNPs was 6,909. Accuracy of imputation to Illumina BovineSNP50 genotypes using the BovineLD chip was over 97% for most dairy and beef populations. The BovineLD imputations were about 3 percentage points more accurate than those from the Illumina GoldenGate Bovine3K BeadChip across multiple populations. The improvement was greatest when neither parent was genotyped. The minor allele frequencies were similar across taurine beef and dairy breeds as was the proportion of SNPs that were polymorphic. The new BovineLD chip should facilitate low-cost genomic selection in taurine beef and dairy cattle. C1 [Boichard, Didier; Dassonneville, Romain] Natl Inst Agr Res INRA, Anim Genet & Integrat Biol UMR1313, Jouy En Josas, France. [Chung, Hoyoung] Natl Inst Anim Sci, Anim Genet Improvement Div, Seonghwan, Cheonan, South Korea. [Chung, Hoyoung; Sonstegard, Tad S.; Van Tassell, Curtis P.] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Dassonneville, Romain] Inst Elevage, Paris, France. [David, Xavier; Fritz, Sebastien] Natl Assoc Livestock & Artificial Inseminat Coope, Paris, France. [Eggen, Andre; Gietzen, Kimberly J.; Lawley, Cynthia T.; Viaud-Martinez, Karine A.] Illumina, San Diego, CA USA. [Hayes, Ben J.] Dept Primary Ind Victoria, Biosci Res Div, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Hayes, Ben J.] Dairy Futures Cooperat Res Ctr, Bundoora, Vic, Australia. [Hayes, Ben J.] La Trobe Univ, Bundoora, Vic, Australia. [VanRaden, Paul M.; Wiggans, George R.] ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Boichard, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Agr Res INRA, Anim Genet & Integrat Biol UMR1313, Jouy En Josas, France. EM ben.hayes@dpi.vic.gov.au RI Hayes, Ben/L-3308-2016; OI Hayes, Ben/0000-0002-5606-3970; Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 FU National Research Agency (ANR); Apisgene; Dairy Futures Cooperative Research Centre; Beef Genetic Technologies Cooperative Research Centre; Department of Primary Industries Victoria; Dairy Australia; Agriculture and Food Research Initiative from U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2009-65205-05635]; USDA Agricultural Research Service [1265-31000-096-00D, 1265-31000-098-00D] FX The National Research Agency (ANR) and Apisgene funded the French BovineSNP50 data. The Dairy Futures Cooperative Research Centre, Beef Genetic Technologies Cooperative Research Centre, Department of Primary Industries Victoria, and Dairy Australia funded the Australian dairy and beef genotyping. This project was also supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2009-65205-05635 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture and by Projects 1265-31000-096-00D and 1265-31000-098-00D from the USDA Agricultural Research Service. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 22 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 4 U2 28 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 28 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e34130 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0034130 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 948FM UT WOS:000304489000069 PM 22470530 ER PT J AU Weng, ZY Zhang, BD Asadi, S Sismanopoulos, N Butcher, A Fu, XY Katsarou-Katsari, A Antoniou, C Theoharides, TC AF Weng, Zuyi Zhang, Bodi Asadi, Shahrzad Sismanopoulos, Nikolaos Butcher, Alan Fu, Xueyan Katsarou-Katsari, Alexandra Antoniou, Christina Theoharides, Theoharis C. TI Quercetin Is More Effective than Cromolyn in Blocking Human Mast Cell Cytokine Release and Inhibits Contact Dermatitis and Photosensitivity in Humans SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; CALCIUM-ION LEVELS; FC-EPSILON-RI; SODIUM-CROMOGLYCATE; HISTAMINE-SECRETION; MEDIATOR RELEASE; SUBSTANCE-P; IN-VIVO; DISODIUM-CROMOGLYCATE; NEDOCROMIL SODIUM AB Mast cells are immune cells critical in the pathogenesis of allergic, but also inflammatory and autoimmune diseases through release of many pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-8 and TNF. Contact dermatitis and photosensitivity are skin conditions that involve non-immune triggers such as substance P (SP), and do not respond to conventional treatment. Inhibition of mast cell cytokine release could be effective therapy for such diseases. Unfortunately, disodium cromoglycate (cromolyn), the only compound marketed as a mast cell "stabilizer'', is not particularly effective in blocking human mast cells. Instead, flavonoids are potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds with mast cell inhibitory actions. Here, we first compared the flavonoid quercetin (Que) and cromolyn on cultured human mast cells. Que and cromolyn (100 mu M) can effectively inhibit secretion of histamine and PGD(2). Que and cromolyn also inhibit histamine, leukotrienes and PGD(2) from primary human cord blood-derived cultured mast cells (hCBMCs) stimulated by IgE/Anti-IgE. However, Que is more effective than cromolyn in inhibiting IL-8 and TNF release from LAD2 mast cells stimulated by SP. Moreover, Que reduces IL-6 release from hCBMCs in a dose-dependent manner. Que inhibits cytosolic calcium level increase and NF-kappa B activation. Interestingly, Que is effective prophylactically, while cromolyn must be added together with the trigger or it rapidly loses its effect. In two pilot, open-label, clinical trials, Que significantly decreased contact dermatitis and photosensitivity, skin conditions that do not respond to conventional treatment. In summary, Que is a promising candidate as an effective mast cell inhibitor for allergic and inflammatory diseases, especially in formulations that permit more sufficient oral absorption. C1 [Weng, Zuyi; Zhang, Bodi; Asadi, Shahrzad; Sismanopoulos, Nikolaos; Theoharides, Theoharis C.] Tufts Univ Sch Med, Dept Mol Physiol & Pharmacol, Mol Immunopharmacol & Drug Discovery Lab, Boston, MA USA. [Weng, Zuyi; Zhang, Bodi; Theoharides, Theoharis C.] Tufts Univ, Sackler Sch Grad Biomed Sci, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Zhang, Bodi; Theoharides, Theoharis C.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Asadi, Shahrzad] Tufts Med Ctr, Dept Pharm, Boston, MA USA. [Butcher, Alan] Thorne Res Inc, Sandpoint, ID USA. [Fu, Xueyan] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin K Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Katsarou-Katsari, Alexandra; Antoniou, Christina] Univ Athens, Sch Med, A Sygros Hosp, Dept Dermatol 1, GR-11527 Athens, Greece. [Theoharides, Theoharis C.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Theoharides, Theoharis C.] Tufts Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. RP Weng, ZY (reprint author), Tufts Univ Sch Med, Dept Mol Physiol & Pharmacol, Mol Immunopharmacol & Drug Discovery Lab, Boston, MA USA. EM theoharis.theoharides@tufts.edu RI weng, zuyi/J-4147-2015 NR 89 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 28 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e33805 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0033805 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 948FM UT WOS:000304489000035 PM 22470478 ER PT J AU Mota-Sanchez, D Gregg, B Hoffmann, E Flore, J Wise, JC AF Mota-Sanchez, David Gregg, Bert Hoffmann, Eric Flore, James Wise, John C. TI Penetrative and Dislodgeable Residue Characteristics of C-14-Insecticides in Apple Fruit SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dislogeable residues; cuticle penetration; neonicotinoid; oxadiazine; radioactivity ID PLANT CUTICLES; PLUM CURCULIO; ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS; WATER PERMEABILITY; CURATIVE ACTIVITY; AQUEOUS PORES; LEAF SURFACES; INSECTICIDES; PESTICIDE; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Infinite- and finite-dose laboratory experiments were used to study the penetrative and dislodgeable residue characteristics of C-14-insecticides in apple fruit. The differences in dislodgeable and penetrated residues of three radiolabeled insecticides (C-14-thiamethoxam, C-14-thiacloprid, and C-14-indoxacarb), applied in aqueous solution with commercial formulations, were determined after water and methanol wash extractions. The rate of sorption and extent of penetration into the fruit cuticles and hypanthium of two apple cultivars were measured after 1, 6, and 24 h of treatment exposure, using radioactivity quantification methods. For all three compounds, 97% or more of the treatment solutions were found on the fruit surface as some form of non-sorbed residues. For indoxacarb, sorption into the epicuticle was rapid but desorption into the fruit hypanthium was delayed, indicative of a lipophilic penetration pathway. For the neonicotinoids, initial cuticular penetration was slower but with no such delay in desorption into the hypanthium. C1 [Mota-Sanchez, David; Wise, John C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Gregg, Bert; Flore, James] Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hoffmann, Eric] USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Wise, JC (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, 243 Nat Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM wisejohn@msu.edu FU Michigan's Project GREEEN [GR08-006] FX We thank Michigan's Project GREEEN (GR08-006) for their funding that helped to offset the costs of conducting this research. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 28 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 12 BP 2958 EP 2966 DI 10.1021/jf205169f PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 914RM UT WOS:000301969300002 PM 22372379 ER PT J AU Uchimiya, M Wartelle, LH Boddu, VM AF Uchimiya, Minori Wartelle, Lynda H. Boddu, Veera M. TI Sorption of Triazine and Organophosphorus Pesticides on Soil and Biochar SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE organophosphorus pesticide; deisopropylatrazine; competitive sorption; degradation; hysteresis; surface area ID CATALYZED-HYDROLYSIS; CONTROLLED-RELEASE; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; HEAVY-METALS; BLACK CARBON; WATER; ADSORPTION; DEGRADATION; HYSTERESIS AB Sorption and degradation are the primary processes controlling the efficacy and runoff contamination risk of agrochemicals. Considering the longevity of biochar in agroecosystems, biochar soil amendment must be carefully evaluated on the basis of the target agrochemical and soil types to achive agricultural (minimum impact on efficacy) and environmental (minimum runoff contamination) benefits. In this study, sorption-desorption isotherms and kinetics of triazine (deisopropylatrazine) and organophosphorus (malathion, parathion, and diazinon) pesticides were first investigated on various soil types ranging from clayey, acidic Puerto Rican forest soil (PR) to heavy metal contaminated small arms range (SAR) soils of sandy and peaty nature. On PR, malathion sorption did not reach equilibrium during the 3 week study. Comparison of solution-phase molar phosphorus and agrochemical concentrations suggested that degradation products of organophosphorus pesticides were bound on soil surfaces. The degree of sorption on different soils showed the following increasing trend: deisopropylatrazine < malathion < diazinon < parathion. While sorption of deisopropylatrazine on SAR soils was not affected by diazinon or malathion, deisopropylatrazine suppressed the sorption of diazinon and malathion. Deisopropylatrazine irreversibly sorbed on biochars, and greater sorption was observed with higher Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of biochar (4.7-2061 mg g(-1)). The results suggested the utility of biochar for remediation of sites where concentrations of highly stable and mobile agrochemicals exceed the water-quality benchmarks. C1 [Uchimiya, Minori; Wartelle, Lynda H.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Boddu, Veera M.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. RP Uchimiya, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sophie.uchimiya@ars.usda.gov FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [CBS.SIM.03.10.ER.PP.002] FX This work was partially funded by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency Project #CBS.SIM.03.10.ER.PP.002. NR 51 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 11 U2 136 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 28 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 12 BP 2989 EP 2997 DI 10.1021/jf205110g PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 914RM UT WOS:000301969300006 PM 22394556 ER PT J AU Palavalli, MH Natarajan, SS Wang, TTY Krishnan, HB AF Palavalli, Manoj H. Natarajan, Savithiry S. Wang, Thomas T. Y. Krishnan, Hari B. TI Imbibition of Soybean Seeds in Warm Water Results in the Release of Copious Amounts of Bowman-Birk Protease Inhibitor, a Putative Anticarcinogenic Agent SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor; basic 7S globulin; Kunitz trypsin inhibitor; seed exudate; soybean ID BASIC 7S GLOBULIN; COWPEA VIGNA-UNGUICULATA; PROTEINASE-INHIBITORS; TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; LEGUME SEEDS; CANCER CELLS; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; CLONOGENIC SURVIVAL; STORAGE PROTEINS; GLYCINE-MAX AB Protease inhibitors play a protective role against pathogenic microorganisms and herbivorous insects. The two predominant protease inhibitors of soybean seeds are the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) and Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor (BBI). In this study, we report that soybean seeds incubated in warm water release large amounts of proteins into the surrounding media. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis of the seed exudates resulted in the separation of 93 distinct protein spots out of which 90 spots were identified by LC-MS/MS. The basic 7S globulin and the BBI are the two predominant proteins found in the soybean seed exudates. In addition to 7S and 11S seed storage proteins, others known to protect the seeds against pathogens and pests including KTI, peroxidase, alpha-galactosidase, and endo-1.3-beta-glucanase were also identified in the seed exudates. Soybean seed exudate obtained by incubating the seeds in warm water was also able to inhibit the growth of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Since soybean seeds release large amounts of enzymatically active BBI when immersed in warm water, our procedure could be exploited as a simplified alternative method for the preparation of BBI concentrate which is being used as a cancer chemoprotective agent. C1 [Krishnan, Hari B.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Div, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Krishnan, Hari B.] ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Natarajan, Savithiry S.] ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wang, Thomas T. Y.] ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Div, 108 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Hari.Krishnan@ARS.USDA.GOV FU ARS [3622-21000-000-00D] FX Funding for this research was provided by ARS project 3622-21000-000-00D. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 28 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 12 BP 3135 EP 3143 DI 10.1021/jf205308w PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 914RM UT WOS:000301969300025 PM 22372424 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ Barri, A Herges, G Hahn, J Yersin, AG Jourdan, A AF Smith, David J. Barri, Adriana Herges, Grant Hahn, Joe Yersin, Andrew G. Jourdan, Alissa TI In Vitro Dissolution and in Vivo Absorption of Calcium [1-C-14] Butyrate in Free or Protected Forms SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE encapsulation; butyrate; absorption; broiler ID SMALL-INTESTINE; CARCASS YIELD; METABOLISM; ACID; SUPPLEMENTATION; CHICKENS; GUT; PIG AB Butyrate is a byproduct of microbial carbohydrate fermentation that occurs primarily in the large intestine. When added to feed, butyrate quickly disappears in the upper digestive tract. Because butyrate is important for epithelial cell development, mucosal integrity, and animal growth, an encapsulation technique has been developed that allows for the slow release of butyrate into the small and large intestines. The purpose of this study was to describe the in vitro release of calcium [1-C-14]butyrate, formulated into a slow-release (protected) bead, into water and simulated intestinal fluids and to compare the in vivo absorption and disposition of unprotected versus protected calcium [1-C-14]butyrate in broiler chicks. Formulation of calcium [1-C-14]butyrate into protected beads allowed release of 5.8 +/- 0.2 and 3.4 +/- 0.2% of the formulated radiocarbon into water and gastric fluid, respectively, after 2 h of incubation. Beads incubated in gastric fluid for 2 h and subsequently incubated in simulated intestinal fluid released a total of 17.4 +/- 0.8% of the formulated radioactivity. Release of respiratory [C-14]CO2 after oral dosing of aqueous calcium [1-C-14]butyrate in broiler chicks peaked at 15.2 +/- 5.2% per hour 1.5 h after dosing; in contrast, maximal rates of release in chicks dosed with protected calcium [1-C-14]butyrate occurred 4 h after dosing at 9.0 +/- 3.1% per hour. The data suggested an improved efficacy of protected butyrate delivery to intestinal tissues over nonprotected butyrate. This study confirmed that encapsulation strategies designed to enhance delivery of ingredients to improve intestinal health are effective at prolonging intestinal exposure to butyrate. Encapsulation of such ingredients might benefit the food and feed industries. C1 [Smith, David J.; Herges, Grant] ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Barri, Adriana; Yersin, Andrew G.; Jourdan, Alissa] Kemin Ind, Des Moines, IA 50317 USA. [Hahn, Joe] Hahn Consulting Inc, Ames, IA 50014 USA. RP Smith, DJ (reprint author), ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM david.j.smith@ars.usda.gov FU Kemin Industries Inc. [58-5442-0-413]; Kemin Industries Inc. through USDA-ARS [5442-32000-010] FX The authors declare the following competing financial interest(s): Funding provided by Kemin Industries Inc. through Cooperative Agreement no. 58-5442-0-413 and through USDA-ARS project no. 5442-32000-010. Authors Barn, Yersin, and Jourdan are employed by Kemin Industries. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 28 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 12 BP 3151 EP 3157 DI 10.1021/jf3001058 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 914RM UT WOS:000301969300027 PM 22401561 ER PT J AU Zhu, J Shi, JL Pan, ZL AF Zhu, Jing Shi, Junling Pan, Zhongli TI Purification and Characterization of a Hexanol-Degrading Enzyme Extracted from Apple SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE enzyme; apple; purification; characteristics; kinetic; higher alcohol; n-hexanol ID DEPENDENT ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SULFOLOBUS-SOLFATARICUS; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; AROMA COMPOUNDS; YEAST; CHROMATOGRAPHY; BIOSYNTHESIS; FERMENTATION; STABILITY AB An enzyme having activity toward n-hexanol was purified from apple, and its biochemical characteristics were analyzed. The purification steps consisted of sedimentation with ammonium sulfate, DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow ion exchange chromatography, and Sephadex G-100 column. The obtained enzyme had a yield of 16.00% with a specific activity of 18879.20 U/mg protein and overall purification of 142.77-fold. The enzyme showed activity to isoamylol, 1-propanol, n-hexanol, and isobutanol but not toward methanol and ethanol. With n-hexanol as a substrate, the optimum conditions were pH 4.0 and 30 degrees C for enzyme activity and pH 3.0-4.0 and temperatures below 40 degrees C for enzyme stability. The enzyme activity was increased significantly by adding L-cysteine and Fe2+ at all tested concentrations and slightly by Zn2+ at a high concentration but decreased by additions of EDTA, Ga2+, K+, Mg2+, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium aluminum sulfate (SAS), dithiothreitol (DTT), and glutathione (GSH). The enzyme activities toward n-hexanol and n-hexanal were increased by NADH but decreased by NAD(+), in contrast to a decrease toward n-hexane by addition of both NAD(+) and NADH. C1 [Zhu, Jing; Shi, Junling] NW A&F Univ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Provinc, Peoples R China. [Pan, Zhongli] USDA ARS WRRC, Proc Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Pan, Zhongli] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Shi, JL (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Provinc, Peoples R China. EM sjlshi2004@yahoo.com.cn FU Northwest A F University [CX200905]; China Agriculture Research System [CARS-30] FX We acknowledge the financial support from Northwest A & F University through project number of CX200905 and China Agriculture Research System (CARS-30). NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 28 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 12 BP 3246 EP 3252 DI 10.1021/jf204548r PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 914RM UT WOS:000301969300038 PM 22332825 ER PT J AU Lewis, JC Powell, RA Zielinski, WJ AF Lewis, Jeffrey C. Powell, Roger A. Zielinski, William J. TI Carnivore Translocations and Conservation: Insights from Population Models and Field Data for Fishers (Martes pennanti) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; REINTRODUCTION; EXTINCTION; CALIFORNIA; MONTANA; STATES AB Translocations are frequently used to restore extirpated carnivore populations. Understanding the factors that influence translocation success is important because carnivore translocations can be time consuming, expensive, and controversial. Using population viability software, we modeled reintroductions of the fisher, a candidate for endangered or threatened status in the Pacific states of the US. Our model predicts that the most important factor influencing successful reestablishment of a fisher population is the number of adult females reintroduced (provided some males are also released). Data from 38 translocations of fishers in North America, including 30 reintroductions, 5 augmentations and 3 introductions, show that the number of females released was, indeed, a good predictor of success but that the number of males released, geographic region and proximity of the source population to the release site were also important predictors. The contradiction between model and data regarding males may relate to the assumption in the model that all males are equally good breeders. We hypothesize that many males may need to be released to insure a sufficient number of good breeders are included, probably large males. Seventy-seven percent of reintroductions with known outcomes (success or failure) succeeded; all 5 augmentations succeeded; but none of the 3 introductions succeeded. Reintroductions were instrumental in reestablishing fisher populations within their historical range and expanding the range from its most-contracted state (43% of the historical range) to its current state (68% of the historical range). To increase the likelihood of translocation success, we recommend that managers: 1) release as many fishers as possible, 2) release more females than males (55-60% females) when possible, 3) release as many adults as possible, especially large males, 4) release fishers from a nearby source population, 5) conduct a formal feasibility assessment, and 6) develop a comprehensive implementation plan that includes an active monitoring program. C1 [Lewis, Jeffrey C.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA USA. [Powell, Roger A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Zielinski, William J.] ARS, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA USA. RP Lewis, JC (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA USA. EM Jeffrey.Lewis@dfw.wa.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Yreka, CA office); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Lacey, WA office) FX The authors have received funding from two different offices of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Yreka, CA office, and Lacey, WA office) to support this research. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analyis, decision to publich or preparation of the manuscript. NR 120 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 46 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 27 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e32726 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0032726 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 940MY UT WOS:000303894900011 PM 22479336 ER PT J AU de Jonge, R van Esse, HP Maruthachalam, K Bolton, MD Santhanam, P Saber, MK Zhang, Z Usami, T Lievens, B Subbarao, KV Thomma, BPHJ AF de Jonge, Ronnie van Esse, H. Peter Maruthachalam, Karunakaran Bolton, Melvin D. Santhanam, Parthasarathy Saber, Mojtaba Keykha Zhang, Zhao Usami, Toshiyuki Lievens, Bart Subbarao, Krishna V. Thomma, Bart P. H. J. TI Tomato immune receptor Ve1 recognizes effector of multiple fungal pathogens uncovered by genome and RNA sequencing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE fungus; genomics; elicitor; pathogen-associated molecular pattern ID HORIZONTAL GENE-TRANSFER; XANTHOMONAS-AXONOPODIS; PLANT-PATHOGENS; ALBO-ATRUM; RESISTANCE; EVOLUTION; HOST; ARABIDOPSIS; MECHANISMS; PHYSIOLOGY AB Fungal plant pathogens secrete effector molecules to establish disease on their hosts, and plants in turn use immune receptors to try to intercept these effectors. The tomato immune receptor Ve1 governs resistance to race 1 strains of the soil-borne vascular wilt fungi Verticillium dahliae and Verticillium albo-atrum, but the corresponding Verticillium effector remained unknown thus far. By high-throughput population genome sequencing, a single 50-Kb sequence stretch was identified that only occurs in race 1 strains, and subsequent transcriptome sequencing of Verticillium-infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants revealed only a single highly expressed ORF in this region, designated Ave1 (for Avirulence on Ve1 tomato). Functional analyses confirmed that Ave1 activates Ve1-mediated resistance and demonstrated that Ave1 markedly contributes to fungal virulence, not only on tomato but also on Arabidopsis. Interestingly, Ave1 is homologous to a widespread family of plant natriuretic peptides. Besides plants, homologous proteins were only found in the bacterial plant pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis and the plant pathogenic fungi Colletotrichum higginsianum, Cercospora beticola, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. The distribution of Ave1 homologs, coincident with the presence of Ave1 within a flexible genomic region, strongly suggests that Verticillium acquired Ave1 from plants through horizontal gene transfer. Remarkably, by transient expression we show that also the Ave1 homologs from F. oxysporum and C. beticola can activate Ve1-mediated resistance. In line with this observation, Ve1 was found to mediate resistance toward F. oxysporum in tomato, showing that this immune receptor is involved in resistance against multiple fungal pathogens. C1 [de Jonge, Ronnie; van Esse, H. Peter; Santhanam, Parthasarathy; Saber, Mojtaba Keykha; Zhang, Zhao; Thomma, Bart P. H. J.] Wageningen Univ, Lab Phytopathol, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Maruthachalam, Karunakaran; Subbarao, Krishna V.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bolton, Melvin D.] ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Usami, Toshiyuki] Chiba Univ, Grad Sch Hort, Matsudo, Chiba 2718510, Japan. [Lievens, Bart] Scientia Terrae Res Inst, B-2860 St Katelijne Waver, Belgium. [Lievens, Bart] Lessius Univ Coll, Lab Proc Microbial Ecol & Bioinspirat, Dept Microbial & Mol Syst, Consortium Ind Microbiol & Biotechnol,KU Leuven A, B-2860 St Katelijne Waver, Belgium. [Thomma, Bart P. H. J.] Ctr BioSyst Genom, NL-6700 AB Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Thomma, BPHJ (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, Lab Phytopathol, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. EM bart.thomma@wur.nl RI Thomma, Bart/E-5959-2011; de Jonge, Ronnie/I-3260-2016; OI Thomma, Bart/0000-0003-4125-4181; de Jonge, Ronnie/0000-0001-5065-8538; van Esse, Peter/0000-0002-3667-060X; Subbarao, Krishna/0000-0002-2075-1835 FU Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research; Centre for BioSystems Genomics; Dutch Technology Foundation; European Research Area-Network Plant Genomics; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [KAKENHI 23780039] FX We thank Dr. Patrick Smit for providing the pSol2092 plasmid. This work was supported in part by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (B.P.H.J.T. and H. P. v. E.); the Centre for BioSystems Genomics (B.P.H.J.T.); the Dutch Technology Foundation (B.P.H.J.T.); the European Research Area-Network Plant Genomics (B.P.H.J.T.); and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grant KAKENHI 23780039 (to T.U.). NR 52 TC 135 Z9 138 U1 12 U2 100 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 27 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 13 BP 5110 EP 5115 DI 10.1073/pnas.1119623109 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 917HT UT WOS:000302164200079 PM 22416119 ER PT J AU Semagn, K Magorokosho, C Vivek, BS Makumbi, D Beyene, Y Mugo, S Prasanna, BM Warburton, ML AF Semagn, Kassa Magorokosho, Cosmos Vivek, Bindiganavile S. Makumbi, Dan Beyene, Yoseph Mugo, Stephen Prasanna, B. M. Warburton, Marilyn L. TI Molecular characterization of diverse CIMMYT maize inbred lines from eastern and southern Africa using single nucleotide polymorphic markers SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; TROPICAL MAIZE; RFLP MARKERS; SSR MARKERS; HETEROSIS; SOFTWARE; COLLECTION; GERMPLASM; TRAITS AB Background: Knowledge of germplasm diversity and relationships among elite breeding materials is fundamentally important in crop improvement. We genotyped 450 maize inbred lines developed and/or widely used by CIMMYT breeding programs in both Kenya and Zimbabwe using 1065 SNP markers to (i) investigate population structure and patterns of relationship of the germplasm for better exploitation in breeding programs; (ii) assess the usefulness of SNPs for identifying heterotic groups commonly used by CIMMYT breeding programs; and (iii) identify a subset of highly informative SNP markers for routine and low cost genotyping of CIMMYT germplasm in the region using uniplex assays. Results: Genetic distance for about 94% of the pairs of lines fell between 0.300 and 0.400. Eighty four percent of the pairs of lines also showed relative kinship values <= 0.500. Model-based population structure analysis, principal component analysis, neighbor-joining cluster analysis and discriminant analysis revealed the presence of 3 major groups and generally agree with pedigree information. The SNP markers did not show clear separation of heterotic groups A and B that were established based on combining ability tests through diallel and line x tester analyses. Our results demonstrated large differences among the SNP markers in terms of reproducibility, ease of scoring, polymorphism, minor allele frequency and polymorphic information content. About 40% of the SNPs in the multiplexed chip-based GoldenGate assays were found to be uninformative in this study and we recommend 644 of the 1065 for low to medium density genotyping in tropical maize germplasm using uniplex assays. Conclusions: There were high genetic distance and low kinship coefficients among most pairs of lines, clearly indicating the uniqueness of the majority of the inbred lines in these maize breeding programs. The results from this study will be useful to breeders in selecting best parental combinations for new breeding crosses, mapping population development and marker assisted breeding. C1 [Semagn, Kassa; Makumbi, Dan; Beyene, Yoseph; Mugo, Stephen; Prasanna, B. M.] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Nairobi 00621, Kenya. [Magorokosho, Cosmos] CIMMYT, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Vivek, Bindiganavile S.] CIMMYT, ICRISAT, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Warburton, Marilyn L.] USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Semagn, K (reprint author), Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, POB 1041, Nairobi 00621, Kenya. EM k.semagn@cgiar.org OI Semagn, Kassa/0000-0001-6486-5685 FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX We thank Veronica Ogugo for sample preparation and DNA extraction; Claudio Ayala for preparing the standard pedigree of the germplasm in the study; Kevin Pixley for providing valuable feedback on the germplasm used in this study; and the Computational Biology Service Unit (CBSU) at Cornell University for providing access to the web-based STRUCTURE software and technical assistance in data submission/formatting. This work was carried as part of the Drought Tolerant Maize for Africa (DTMA) project that has been funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. NR 43 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 26 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 13 AR 113 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-13-113 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 949HO UT WOS:000304567500001 PM 22443094 ER PT J AU Agarwal, UP Reiner, RS Ralph, SA AF Agarwal, Umesh P. Reiner, Richard S. Ralph, Sally A. TI Cellulose crystallinity of biomass: Comparing the accuracy of Segal WAXS and univariate FT-Raman methods SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Agarwal, Umesh P.; Reiner, Richard S.; Ralph, Sally A.] USDA, FS Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM uagarwal@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 267-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475101580 ER PT J AU Bailey, L Gesch, R Carpenter, N AF Bailey, Lauren Gesch, Russ Carpenter, Nancy TI Method development of preparing fatty acids as naphthacyl ester derivatives for HPLC analysis of oilseed crops SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Bailey, Lauren; Carpenter, Nancy] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Gesch, Russ] USDA, North Cent Soil Conservat Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM baile369@morris.umn.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 680-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475102381 ER PT J AU Bartelt-Hunt, S Snow, D Kranz, W Mader, T Shapiro, C VanDonk, S Shelton, D Tarkalson, D Zhang, T AF Bartelt-Hunt, Shannon Snow, Daniel Kranz, William Mader, Terry Shapiro, Charles VanDonk, Simon Shelton, David Tarkalson, David Zhang, Tian TI Occurrence of natural and synthetic steroid hormones on feedlot soils and in runoff from beef cattle feeding operations using growth promotants SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Bartelt-Hunt, Shannon; Zhang, Tian] Univ Nebraska LIncoln, Dept Civil Engn, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. [Snow, Daniel] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Kranz, William; Mader, Terry; Shapiro, Charles; Shelton, David] Univ Nebraska LIncoln, Northeast Res & Extens Ctr, Concord, NE 68728 USA. [VanDonk, Simon] Univ Nebraska LIncoln, West Cent Res & Extens Ctr, North Platte, NE 69101 USA. [Tarkalson, David] ARS, Northwest Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, USDA, Kimberly, ID USA. EM sbartelt2@unl.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 40-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475104836 ER PT J AU Berge, ND Flora, JRV Ro, KS AF Berge, Nicole D. Flora, Joseph R. V. Ro, Kyoung S. TI Sustainable conversion of municipal solid waste to a useful resource while reducing waste-related greenhouse gas emissions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Berge, Nicole D.; Flora, Joseph R. V.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Ro, Kyoung S.] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM berge@engr.sc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 169-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475104957 ER PT J AU Cardamone, JM AF Cardamone, Jeanette M. TI Keratin sponge/hydrogel: Interpenetrating biopolymer network for riboflavin delivery SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Cardamone, Jeanette M.] ARS, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jan.cardamone@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 278-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475101591 ER PT J AU Cermak, SC Cermak, DM Fayer, EL Hart, MM Coley, CL Deppe, AB Durham, AL AF Cermak, Steven C. Cermak, Diana M. Fayer, Effrat L. Hart, Margaret M. Coley, Chelsea L. Deppe, Amy B. Durham, Amber L. TI Synthesis of novel castor oil phosphonates SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Cermak, Steven C.; Deppe, Amy B.; Durham, Amber L.] ARS, Biooils Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Cermak, Diana M.; Fayer, Effrat L.; Hart, Margaret M.; Coley, Chelsea L.] Knox Coll, Dept Chem, Galesburg, IL 61401 USA. EM dcermak@knox.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 170-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475100098 ER PT J AU Chang, SC Condon, B AF Chang, SeChin Condon, Brian TI Antiflammable properties of capable phosphorus-nitrogen containing triazine derivatives on cotton SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Chang, SeChin; Condon, Brian] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sechin.chang@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 141-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503203846 ER PT J AU Cheng, HN AF Cheng, H. N. TI Development of biobased polymers from renewable resources at USDA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Cheng, H. N.] SRRC ARS, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM hncheng100@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 440-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503204678 ER PT J AU Cheng, HN Dowd, MK He, ZQ AF Cheng, H. N. Dowd, Michael K. He, Zhongqi TI Hydrogenation of cottonseed oil revisited SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Cheng, H. N.; Dowd, Michael K.; He, Zhongqi] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM hn.cheng@ars.usda.gov; zhongqi.he@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 180-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475100107 ER PT J AU Coley, CL Cermak, DM Fayer, EL Cermak, SC AF Coley, Chelsea L. Cermak, Diana M. Fayer, Effrat L. Cermak, Steven C. TI Synthesis of biologically active phosphonates from Lesquerella oil SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Coley, Chelsea L.; Cermak, Diana M.; Fayer, Effrat L.] Knox Coll, Dept Chem, Galesburg, IL 61401 USA. [Cermak, Steven C.] USDA ARS, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM ccoley@knox.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 212-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475101918 ER PT J AU Dean, LL Constanza, KE Lewis, WE Davis, JP Harris, GK Sanders, TH AF Dean, Lisa L. Constanza, Karen E. Lewis, Wanida E. Davis, Jack P. Harris, Gabriel K. Sanders, Timothy H. TI Bioactivity of spray dried powders prepared from solvent extracts of peanut skins SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Dean, Lisa L.; Davis, Jack P.; Sanders, Timothy H.] USDA, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Constanza, Karen E.; Lewis, Wanida E.; Harris, Gabriel K.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Lisa.Dean@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 59-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475100036 ER PT J AU Dong, H Snyder, JF Orlicki, JA Reiner, RS Rudie, AW AF Dong, Hong Snyder, James F. Orlicki, Joshua A. Reiner, Richard S. Rudie, Alan W. TI Nanofibrillated cellulose structured materials functionalized with metal nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Dong, Hong; Snyder, James F.; Orlicki, Joshua A.] US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Reiner, Richard S.; Rudie, Alan W.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM hong.dong.ctr@mail.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 235-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475101552 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G AF Eggleston, Gillian TI Carbohydrate chemistry underpinning the development of commercially viable processing technologies for the production of industrial sugar feedstocks from sweet sorghum and sugarcane SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Eggleston, Gillian] ARS, Commod Utilizat Unit, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM gillian.eggleston@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 26-CARB PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475101093 ER PT J AU Elder, T Bozell, JJ Cedeno, D AF Elder, Thomas Bozell, Joseph J. Cedeno, Diana TI Cobalt-salen catalysts for lignin oxidation: Effect of axial ligand SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Elder, Thomas] US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Bozell, Joseph J.; Cedeno, Diana] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Renewable Carbon, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM telder@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 197-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475101514 ER PT J AU Fan, ZL Szewczyk, E Hildebrand, A Kasuga, T AF Fan, Zhiliang (Julia) Szewczyk, Edyta Hildebrand, Amanda Kasuga, Takao TI Integrated bioprocessing and seperation process for biofuels production SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Fan, Zhiliang (Julia); Szewczyk, Edyta; Hildebrand, Amanda; Kasuga, Takao] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kasuga, Takao] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM jzfan@ucdavis.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 287-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475101599 ER PT J AU French, AD Johnson, GP Cramer, CJ Csonka, GI AF French, Alfred D. Johnson, Glenn P. Cramer, Christopher J. Csonka, Gabor I. TI Effect of water on cellobiose conformation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [French, Alfred D.; Johnson, Glenn P.] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Cramer, Christopher J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem & Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Csonka, Gabor I.] Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Dept Chem, Budapest, Hungary. EM al.french@ars.usda.gov RI Cramer, Christopher/B-6179-2011 OI Cramer, Christopher/0000-0001-5048-1859 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 211-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475101528 ER PT J AU French, AD Csonka, GI AF French, Alfred D. Csonka, Gabor I. TI Hydroxyl group orientations in carbohydrates SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [French, Alfred D.] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Csonka, Gabor I.] Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Dept Chem, Budapest, Hungary. EM al.french@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 190-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475101507 ER PT J AU Golden, T Shakya, P Ale, S Ritchie, R Brannock, C Davis, A Perkins-Veazie, P AF Golden, Teresa Shakya, Prabesh Ale, Sushma Ritchie, Rebekah Brannock, Cori Davis, Angela Perkins-Veazie, Penelope TI Effects of lycopene in watermelon extracts on tissue culture cells SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Golden, Teresa; Shakya, Prabesh; Ale, Sushma; Ritchie, Rebekah; Brannock, Cori] Southeastern Oklahoma State Univ, Durant, OK 74701 USA. [Davis, Angela] ARS, SCARL, USDA, Lane, OK 74555 USA. [Perkins-Veazie, Penelope] NC Res Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28083 USA. EM tgolden@se.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 161-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475100089 ER PT J AU Grant, M Harsh, JB Keller, K Thomashaw, L Shi, ZQ Boyle, J AF Grant, Michael Harsh, James B. Keller, Kent Thomashaw, Linda Shi, Zhenqing Boyle, Jeff TI Biofilm mediated chemical weathering of biotite SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Grant, Michael; Harsh, James B.; Boyle, Jeff] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Keller, Kent; Shi, Zhenqing] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Thomashaw, Linda] Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM michael.grant@wsu.edu RI Harsh, James/C-7455-2014 OI Harsh, James/0000-0002-0177-3342 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 99-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475106069 ER PT J AU He, ZQ AF He, Zhongqi TI Application of dithionite reduction to explore insoluble Fe-associated phosphorus in organic wastes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [He, Zhongqi] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM zhongqi.he@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 179-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475106147 ER PT J AU He, ZQ Zhong, JY Cheng, HN AF He, Zhongqi Zhong, Junyan Cheng, H. N. TI Solid state 1D and 2D C-13 NMR spectroscopic investigations of conformational changes of metal phytate compounds SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [He, Zhongqi; Cheng, H. N.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Zhong, Junyan] Old Dominion Univ, Coll Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM Zhongqi.he@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 167-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475100095 ER PT J AU Hicks, KB AF Hicks, Kevin B. TI Critical roles of carbohydrates in producing the sustainable biofuels of the future SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hicks, Kevin B.] ARS, ERRC, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM kevin.hicks@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 24-CARB PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475101091 ER PT J AU Kroh, GE Grusak, MA AF Kroh, Gretchen E. Grusak, Michael A. TI Comparison of root iron uptake rate in Carya aquatica and Carya illinoinensis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kroh, Gretchen E.] St Edwards Univ, Austin, TX 78704 USA. [Grusak, Michael A.] Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM gkroh@stedwards.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 214-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475101920 ER PT J AU Lee, SA Praske, E Purvis-Roberts, KL Tang, XC Cocker, DR Silva, PJ Brown, RS AF Lee, Su Anne Praske, Eric Purvis-Roberts, Kathleen L. Tang, Xiaochen Cocker, David R. Silva, Phillip J. Brown, Robert S. TI Formation of Alkylaminium salts in particulate matter SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Lee, Su Anne; Praske, Eric; Purvis-Roberts, Kathleen L.] Claremont Coll, WM Keck Sci Dept, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Tang, Xiaochen; Cocker, David R.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Environm Res & Technol, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Silva, Phillip J.] ARS, USDA, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Brown, Robert S.] Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM slee2875@scrippscollege.edu RI Cocker, David/F-4442-2010 OI Cocker, David/0000-0002-0586-0769 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 444-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475105209 ER PT J AU Lester, GE Lewers, K Medina, M Saftner, R AF Lester, Gene E. Lewers, Kim Medina, Marjorie Saftner, Robert TI Total phenolics via Folin-Ciocalteu vs. Fast Blue BB, ascorbic acid, and sugars of strawberries SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Lester, Gene E.; Saftner, Robert] ARS, Food Qual Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lewers, Kim] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Medina, Marjorie] ARS, Residue Chem & Predict Microbiol Reserch Unit, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM gene.lester@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 60-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475100037 ER PT J AU Lin, JT Honda, H AF Lin, Jiann-Tsyh Honda, Hiroshi TI New approaches to chemical syntheses of alkyl and alkenyl phenols SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Lin, Jiann-Tsyh] ARS, Dept Crop Improvement & Utilizat Res, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Honda, Hiroshi] Northwestern Polytech Univ, Dept Bioengn, Fremont, CA 94539 USA. EM chrishonda@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 180-MEDI PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503201834 ER PT J AU Nishiyama, Y Johnson, GP French, AD AF Nishiyama, Yoshiharu Johnson, Glenn P. French, Alfred D. TI Effect of molecular dynamics and crystallite size on calculated diffraction patterns SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Nishiyama, Yoshiharu] CNRS, Ctr Rech Macromol Vegetales, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Johnson, Glenn P.; French, Alfred D.] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM al.french@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 243-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475101560 ER PT J AU Parish, EJ Honda, H Lin, JT AF Parish, Edward J. Honda, Hiroshi Lin, Jiann-Tsyh TI Chemical synthesis of ketones from organoboranes using pyridinium chlorochromate SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Parish, Edward J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Honda, Hiroshi] Northwestern Polytech Univ, Dept Bioengn, Fremont, CA 94539 USA. [Lin, Jiann-Tsyh] ARS, Dept Crop Improvement & Utilizat Res, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM chrishonda@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 568-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503202765 ER PT J AU Parish, EJ Lin, JT Honda, H Lo, YC AF Parish, Edward J. Lin, Jiann-Tsyh Honda, Hiroshi Lo, Yuchen TI Synthetic metals: New functionalized TCNQ and precursors for donor-sigma-acceptor materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Parish, Edward J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Lin, Jiann-Tsyh] ARS, Dept Crop Improvement & Utilizat Res, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Honda, Hiroshi] Northwestern Polytech Univ, Dept Bioengn, Fremont, CA 94539 USA. [Lo, Yuchen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Biomed Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM bennylo@ucla.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 131-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503202356 ER PT J AU Parish, EJ Lin, JT Honda, H AF Parish, Edward J. Lin, Jiann-Tsyh Honda, Hiroshi TI Allylic and benzylic oxidations of steroids with pyridinium chlorochromate and pyridinium dichromate SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Parish, Edward J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Lin, Jiann-Tsyh] ARS, Dept Crop Improvement & Utilizat Res, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Honda, Hiroshi] Northwestern Polytech Univ, Dept Bioengn, Fremont, CA 94539 USA. EM chrishonda@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 183-MEDI PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503201837 ER PT J AU Price, DJ Tang, XC Cocker, DR Purvis-Roberts, KL Silva, PJ AF Price, Derek J. Tang, Xiaochen Cocker, David R. Purvis-Roberts, Kathleen L. Silva, Philip J. TI Reaction mechanisms of secondary and tertiary amines with OH and NO3 radicals SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Price, Derek J.; Tang, Xiaochen; Cocker, David R.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Price, Derek J.; Tang, Xiaochen; Cocker, David R.] Bourns Coll Engn, Ctr Environm Res & Technol, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Purvis-Roberts, Kathleen L.] Claremont Mckenna Coll, Joint Sci Dept, WM Keck Sci Ctr, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Purvis-Roberts, Kathleen L.] Pitzer Coll, Joint Sci Dept, WM Keck Sci Ctr, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Purvis-Roberts, Kathleen L.] Scripps Coll, Joint Sci Dept, WM Keck Sci Ctr, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Silva, Philip J.] ARS, USDA, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM derek.price@email.ucr.edu RI Cocker, David/F-4442-2010 OI Cocker, David/0000-0002-0586-0769 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 335-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475105119 ER PT J AU Ro, KS AF Ro, Kyoung S. TI Accuracy of inverse dispersion method with open-path optical remote sensing instrument for measuring trace gas emission from waste lagoons SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Ro, Kyoung S.] USDA, ARS Coastal Plains Soil, Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM kyoung.ro@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 356-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475105136 ER PT J AU Saha, BC Cotta, MA AF Saha, Badal C. Cotta, Michael A. TI Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of pretreated wheat straw to fuel ethanol using a recombinant bacterium for improved efficiency SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Saha, Badal C.; Cotta, Michael A.] USDA ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Badal.Saha@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 286-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475101598 ER PT J AU Saha, BC Cotta, MA AF Saha, Badal C. Cotta, Michael A. TI Generation of low cost sugars from wheat straw: Progress, opportunities, and challenges SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Saha, Badal C.; Cotta, Michael A.] ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Badal.Saha@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 19-BIOT PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475100560 ER PT J AU Sedej, I Petrujkic, BT Beier, RC Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Sedej, Ivana Petrujkic, Branko T. Beier, Ross C. Anderson, Robin C. Nisbet, David J. TI Gas chromatography determination of thymol in swine in vitro everted gut segments treated with a conjugate of thymol SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Sedej, Ivana] Univ Novi Sad, Inst Food Technol Novi Sad, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia. [Petrujkic, Branko T.] Univ Belgrade, Fac Vet Med, Dept Nutr & Bot, Belgrade, Serbia. [Beier, Ross C.; Anderson, Robin C.; Nisbet, David J.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, USDA, Southern Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM ross.beier@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 172-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475100100 ER PT J AU Slopek, RP Condon, B Sawhney, P Reynolds, M Allen, C AF Slopek, Ryan P. Condon, Brian Sawhney, Paul Reynolds, Michael Allen, Chuck TI Adsorption of alkyl-dimethyl-benzyl-ammonium chloride on low-weight greige and bleached cotton nonwovens in different aqueous environments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Slopek, Ryan P.; Condon, Brian; Sawhney, Paul; Reynolds, Michael; Allen, Chuck] ARS, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM ryan.slopek@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 220-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475101537 ER PT J AU Sundaram, J Park, B Lawrence, K AF Sundaram, Jaya Park, Bosoon Lawrence, Kurt TI Preparation and characterization of silver particle encapsulated biopolymer nano-colloid substrate for Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) for biological applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Sundaram, Jaya; Park, Bosoon; Lawrence, Kurt] ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM bosoon.park@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 134-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475100067 ER PT J AU Tobimatsu, Y Grabber, JH Pradhan, P Davidson, CL Wagner, A Donaldson, L Loque, D Ralph, J AF Tobimatsu, Yuki Grabber, John H. Pradhan, Prajakta Davidson, Christy L. Wagner, Armin Donaldson, Lloyd Loque, Dominique Ralph, John TI Fluorescence-tagged monolignols: New approaches to the study of cell wall lignification SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Tobimatsu, Yuki; Davidson, Christy L.; Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Grabber, John H.] ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Pradhan, Prajakta; Loque, Dominique] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, US DOE Joint BioEnergy Inst, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wagner, Armin; Donaldson, Lloyd] Scion, Rotorua, New Zealand. [Ralph, John] US DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM tobimatsu@wisc.edu RI Loque, Dominique/A-8153-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 192-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475101509 ER PT J AU Tunick, MH Van Hekken, DL Guo, L Tomasula, PM AF Tunick, Michael H. Van Hekken, Diane L. Guo, Ling Tomasula, Peggy M. TI Chemistry of queso fresco SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Tunick, Michael H.; Van Hekken, Diane L.; Guo, Ling; Tomasula, Peggy M.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM michael.tunick@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 45-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475100027 ER PT J AU Zeller, WE AF Zeller, Wayne E. TI Progress in the synthesis of 1-O-methylchlorogenic acid SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Zeller, Wayne E.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Wayne.Zeller@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 184-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475100111 ER PT J AU Zeller, WE AF Zeller, Wayne E. TI Synthesis of (+)- and (-)-phaselic acid SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Zeller, Wayne E.] ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Wayne.Zeller@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 168-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475100096 ER PT J AU Zhu, JY AF Zhu, J. Y. TI Fundamentals and practices for efficient production of biofuel from lignocellulose SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Zhu, J. Y.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 265-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475101578 ER PT J AU Zhu, JY AF Zhu, Junyong TI On sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocelluloses (SPORL) for robust bioconversion of woody biomass SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Zhu, Junyong] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 22-BIOT PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475100563 ER PT J AU Zhu, YM Tobimatsu, Y Kim, H Davidson, C Grabber, JH Ralph, J AF Zhu, Yimin Tobimatsu, Yuki Kim, Hoon Davidson, Christy Grabber, John H. Ralph, John TI Identifying new lignin bioengineering targets: Hydrophilic monolignol surrogates SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Zhu, Yimin; Tobimatsu, Yuki; Kim, Hoon; Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Zhu, Yimin; Kim, Hoon; Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Kim, Hoon; Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Bioenergy Initiat, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Davidson, Christy; Grabber, John H.] ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM zhu6@wisc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 83-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475101402 ER PT J AU Shang, ZB He, HS Xi, WM Shifley, SR Palik, BJ AF Shang, ZongBo He, Hong S. Xi, Weimin Shifley, Stephen R. Palik, Brian J. TI Integrating LANDIS model and a multi-criteria decision-making approach to evaluate cumulative effects of forest management in the Missouri Ozarks, USA SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Decision support system; Habitat suitability index; LANDIS; PROMETHEE; Mark Twain National Forest; The Missouri Ozarks ID VEGETATION SIMULATOR; LANDSCAPE CHANGE; SUPPORT-SYSTEM; FIRE REGIMES; HABITAT SUITABILITY; UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE; TIME; DECOMPOSITION; ALTERNATIVES AB Public forest management requires consideration of numerous objectives including protecting ecosystem health, sustaining habitats for native communities, providing sustainable forest products, and providing noncommodity ecosystem services. It is difficult to evaluate the long-term, cumulative effects and tradeoffs these and other associated management objectives. To demonstrate the capabilities of techniques suitable to support such evaluations we combined a spatially explicit landscape-scale, succession and disturbance model (LANDIS) with wildlife habitat suitability models and a multi-criteria decision-making framework to compare four management alternatives across a 700 km(2) area of the Mark Twain National Forest in Missouri, USA. We estimated the combined, cumulative effects of tree species succession, fire disturbance, fuel accumulation, fire hazard, wind disturbance and timber harvest on future species composition, age class distribution, timber products, and wildlife habitat suitability for eastern wild turkey and eastern gray squirrel. We applied a structured, multi-criteria, decision-making framework (PROMETHEE) to analyse forest conditions and to derive weighted composite scores for seven criteria applied to each alternative management scenario. The approach provides a systematic, repeatable, transparent, spatially explicit framework for evaluating the long-term, landscape-scale cumulative effects of management alternatives. The methodology does not encompass all the factors that influence decisions about public land management, but it captures many important ones. The underlying models provide a way to test and accumulate knowledge about forest response to succession and disturbance and to use those relationships to support decision making with the best available science. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shang, ZongBo; He, Hong S.] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Xi, Weimin] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Shifley, Stephen R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Palik, Brian J.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Res Ecosyst Change, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Shang, ZB (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM zshang1@uwyo.edu; wxi3@wisc.edu OI He, Hong S./0000-0002-3983-2512 NR 85 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAR 24 PY 2012 VL 229 SI SI BP 50 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.08.014 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 912UG UT WOS:000301826300006 ER PT J AU Kavallieratos, NG Athanassiou, CG Arthur, FH Throne, JE AF Kavallieratos, Nickolas G. Athanassiou, Christos G. Arthur, Frank H. Throne, James E. TI Lesser grain borers, Rhyzopertha dominica, select rough rice kernels with cracked hulls for reproduction SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE selection; stored-product; varietal resistance ID SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE; UNITED-STATES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; VARIETIES; COLEOPTERA; RESISTANCE; WEEVIL AB Tests were conducted to determine whether the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae), selects rough rice (Oryza sativa L. (Poales: Poaceae)) kernels with cracked hulls for reproduction when these kernels are mixed with intact kernels. Differing amounts of kernels with cracked hulls (0, 5, 10, and 20%) of the varieties Francis and Wells were mixed with intact kernels, and the number of adult progeny emerging from intact kernels and from kernels with cracked hulls was determined. The Wells variety had been previously classified as tolerant to R. dominica, while the Francis variety was classified as moderately susceptible. Few F1 progeny were produced in Wells regardless of the percentage of kernels with cracked hulls, few of the kernels with cracked hulls had emergence holes, and little frass was produced from feeding damage. At 10 and 20% kernels with cracked hulls, the progeny production, number of emergence holes in kernels with cracked hulls, and the amount of frass was greater in Francis than in Wells. The proportion of progeny emerging from kernels with cracked hulls increased as the proportion of kernels with cracked hulls increased. The results indicate that R. dominica select kernels with cracked hulls for reproduction. C1 [Kavallieratos, Nickolas G.] Benaki Phytopathol Inst, Lab Agr Entomol, Dept Entomol & Agr Zool, Kifisia 14561, Attica, Greece. [Athanassiou, Christos G.] Univ Thessaly, Lab Entomol & Appl Zool, Dept Agr Crop Prod & Rural Environm, Nea Ionia 38446, Magnissia, Greece. [Arthur, Frank H.; Throne, James E.] USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Kavallieratos, NG (reprint author), Benaki Phytopathol Inst, Lab Agr Entomol, Dept Entomol & Agr Zool, 8 Stefanou Delta Str, Kifisia 14561, Attica, Greece. EM nick_kaval@hotmail.com; athanassiou@agr.uth.gr; frank.arthur@ars.usda.gov; james.throne@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD MAR 23 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 38 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 925ID UT WOS:000302754000001 PM 22943499 ER PT J AU Schiller, I Waters, WR Vordermeier, HM Jemmi, T Welsh, M Keck, N Whelan, A Gormley, E Boschiroli, ML Moyen, JL Vela, C Cagiola, M Buddle, BM Palmer, M Thacker, T Oesch, B AF Schiller, Irene Waters, W. Ray Vordermeier, H. Martin Jemmi, Thomas Welsh, Michael Keck, Nicolas Whelan, Adam Gormley, Eamonn Boschiroli, Maria Laura Moyen, Jean Louis Vela, Carmen Cagiola, Monica Buddle, Bryce M. Palmer, Mitchell Thacker, Tyler Oesch, Bruno TI Bovine tuberculosis in Europe from the perspective of an officially tuberculosis free country: Trade, surveillance and diagnostics (vol 151, pg 152, 2011) SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Schiller, Irene; Jemmi, Thomas] Fed Vet Off, Div Anim Hlth, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. [Waters, W. Ray; Palmer, Mitchell; Thacker, Tyler] ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Vordermeier, H. Martin; Whelan, Adam] Vet Lab Agcy, Addlestone, Surrey, England. [Welsh, Michael] AFBI Vet Sci Div, Stormont, North Ireland. [Keck, Nicolas] Lab Dept Vet Herault, Montpellier, France. [Gormley, Eamonn] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Boschiroli, Maria Laura] AFSSA LERPAZ, Unite Zoonoses Bacteriennes, Maisons Alfort, France. [Moyen, Jean Louis] Lab Conseil Gen Dordogne, Dordogne, France. [Vela, Carmen] Ingenasa, Madrid, Spain. [Cagiola, Monica] Inst Zooprofilatt Umbria & Marche, Perugia, Italy. [Buddle, Bryce M.] AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand. [Oesch, Bruno] Pronics AG, Schlieren, Switzerland. RP Schiller, I (reprint author), Fed Vet Off, Div Anim Hlth, Schwarzenburgstr 155, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. EM irene.schiller@bvet.admin.ch RI Vordermeier, H Martin/C-6936-2011; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD MAR 23 PY 2012 VL 155 IS 2-4 BP 448 EP 448 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.07.016 PG 1 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 910HC UT WOS:000301626800047 ER PT J AU Grace, JB Adler, PB Seabloom, EW Borer, ET Hillebrand, H Hautier, Y Hector, A Harpole, WS O'Halloran, LR Anderson, TM Bakker, JD Brown, CS Buckley, YM Collins, SL Cottingham, KL Crawley, MJ Damschen, EI Davies, KF DeCrappeo, NM Fay, PA Firn, J Gruner, DS Hagenah, N Jin, VL Kirkman, KP Knops, JMH La Pierre, KJ Lambrinos, JG Melbourne, BA Mitchell, CE Moore, JL Morgan, JW Orrock, JL Prober, SM Stevens, CJ Wragg, PD Yang, LH AF Grace, James B. Adler, Peter B. Seabloom, Eric W. Borer, Elizabeth T. Hillebrand, Helmut Hautier, Yann Hector, Andy Harpole, W. Stanley O'Halloran, Lydia R. Anderson, T. Michael Bakker, Jonathan D. Brown, Cynthia S. Buckley, Yvonne M. Collins, Scott L. Cottingham, Kathryn L. Crawley, Michael J. Damschen, Ellen I. Davies, Kendi F. DeCrappeo, Nicole M. Fay, Philip A. Firn, Jennifer Gruner, Daniel S. Hagenah, Nicole Jin, Virginia L. Kirkman, Kevin P. Knops, Johannes M. H. La Pierre, Kimberly J. Lambrinos, John G. Melbourne, Brett A. Mitchell, Charles E. Moore, Joslin L. Morgan, John W. Orrock, John L. Prober, Suzanne M. Stevens, Carly J. Wragg, Peter D. Yang, Louie H. TI Response to Comments on "Productivity Is a Poor Predictor of Plant Species Richness" SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Adler, Peter B.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Adler, Peter B.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Seabloom, Eric W.; Borer, Elizabeth T.; Wragg, Peter D.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hillebrand, Helmut] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Chem & Biol Marine Environm, D-26381 Wilhelmshaven, Germany. [Hautier, Yann; Hector, Andy] Univ Zurich, Inst Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Hector, Andy] Microsoft Res, Cambridge CB3 0FB, England. [Harpole, W. Stanley] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [O'Halloran, Lydia R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Anderson, T. Michael] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Bakker, Jonathan D.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Brown, Cynthia S.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Buckley, Yvonne M.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Collins, Scott L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Cottingham, Kathryn L.] Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Crawley, Michael J.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Biol Sci, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Damschen, Ellen I.; Orrock, John L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Davies, Kendi F.; Melbourne, Brett A.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [DeCrappeo, Nicole M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Fay, Philip A.] ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, USDA, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Firn, Jennifer] Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Biogeosci, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Gruner, Daniel S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hagenah, Nicole; Kirkman, Kevin P.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Biol & Conservat Sci, ZA-3209 Pietermaritzburg, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa. [Hagenah, Nicole; La Pierre, Kimberly J.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Jin, Virginia L.] ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Knops, Johannes M. H.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Lambrinos, John G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mitchell, Charles E.] Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Moore, Joslin L.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Morgan, John W.] La Trobe Univ, Dept Bot, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. [Prober, Suzanne M.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org Ecosyst Sci, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia. [Stevens, Carly J.] Open Univ, Dept Life Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Stevens, Carly J.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Yang, Louie H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Grace, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM gracej@usgs.gov RI Hautier, Yann/D-5426-2015; Cottingham, Kathryn/H-1593-2012; Moore, Joslin/C-5270-2009; Wragg, Peter/C-8385-2009; Harpole, William/C-2814-2013; Buckley, Yvonne/B-1281-2008; Bakker, Jonathan/I-6960-2013; Hector, Andrew/H-4199-2011; Damschen, Ellen/E-4919-2011; Gruner, Daniel/A-5166-2010; Mitchell, Charles/I-3709-2014; Hillebrand, Helmut/I-1717-2014; Adler, Peter/D-3781-2009; Collins, Scott/P-7742-2014; Prober, Suzanne/G-6465-2010; OI Hautier, Yann/0000-0003-4347-7741; Moore, Joslin/0000-0001-9809-5092; Wragg, Peter/0000-0003-2361-4286; Harpole, William/0000-0002-3404-9174; Buckley, Yvonne/0000-0001-7599-3201; Hector, Andrew/0000-0002-1309-7716; Gruner, Daniel/0000-0002-3153-4297; Mitchell, Charles/0000-0002-1633-1993; Hillebrand, Helmut/0000-0001-7449-1613; La Pierre, Kimberly/0000-0001-7056-4547; Collins, Scott/0000-0002-0193-2892; Firn, Jennifer/0000-0001-6026-8912; Seabloom, Eric/0000-0001-6780-9259; Fay, Philip/0000-0002-8291-6316; Borer, Elizabeth/0000-0003-2259-5853 NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 112 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 23 PY 2012 VL 335 IS 6075 DI 10.1126/science.1214939 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 912YG UT WOS:000301837000024 ER PT J AU Xu, DH Pridgeon, JW Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA AF Xu, De-Hai Pridgeon, Julia W. Klesius, Phillip H. Shoemaker, Craig A. TI Parasitism by protozoan Ichthyophthirius multifiliis enhanced invasion of Aeromonas hydrophila in tissues of channel catfish SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Parasitism; Ichthyophthirius multifiliis; Channel catfish; Aeromonas hydrophila; Infection; Real-time PCR ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS RAFINESQUE; NILE TILAPIA; EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI; STREPTOCOCCUS-INIAE; RAINBOW-TROUT; INFECTION; FISH; DISEASE; PCR; MORTALITY AB Protozoan Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet (Ich) and bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila are two common pathogens of cultured fish, which cause high fish mortality. Currently there is no information available for the effect of parasitism by Ich on survival of channel catfish and invasion of A. hydrophila in fish tissues following exposure to A. hydrophila. A trial was conducted in this study to: (1) determine whether A. hydrophila increased fish mortality in Ich-parasitized channel catfish; and (2) compare the bacterial quantity in different tissues between non-parasitized and Ich-parasitized catfish by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results demonstrated that the Ich-parasitized catfish showed significantly (P<0.05) higher mortality (80%) when exposed to A. hydrophila by immersion than non-parasitized fish (22%). Low mortality was observed in catfish exposed to Ich alone (35%) or A. hydrophila alone (22%). A. hydrophila in fish tissues were quantified by qPCR using a pair of gene-specific primers and reported as genome equivalents per mg of tissue (GEs/mg). Skin, gill, kidney, liver and spleen in Ich-parasitized fish showed significantly higher load of A. hydrophila (9400-188,300 GEs/mg) than non-parasitized fish (4700-42,100 GEs/mg) after exposure to A. hydrophila. This study provides evidence that parasite infections enhance bacterial invasion and cause high fish mortality. Published by Elsevier BM. C1 [Xu, De-Hai; Pridgeon, Julia W.; Klesius, Phillip H.; Shoemaker, Craig A.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Xu, DH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM dehai.xu@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Current Research Information Systems [6420-32000-024-00D] FX We thank Dr. Mauricio L. Martins, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil and Dr. Hung-Yueh Yeh, USDA, Aquatic Animal Health Research Laboratory for critical reviews and valuable comments to improve the manuscript. The authors gratefully acknowledge the excellent technical assistance of Jana Mladek, Beth Peterman, Paige Mumma and the management team of the Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit aquatic facility for daily care and management of fish. This research was supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Current Research Information Systems project # 6420-32000-024-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAR 23 PY 2012 VL 184 IS 2-4 BP 101 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.09.020 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 893BW UT WOS:000300331600001 PM 22033433 ER PT J AU Alvarado-Esquivel, C Sanchez-Okrucky, R Dubey, JP AF Alvarado-Esquivel, C. Sanchez-Okrucky, R. Dubey, J. P. TI Serological evidence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in captive marine mammals in Mexico SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; Marine mammals; Seroreactivity; Mexico ID DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; SEA OTTERS; OOCYSTS; SURVIVAL; SEAWATER AB Toxoplasma gondii infection in marine mammals is important because they are considered as a sentinel for contamination of seas with T. gondii oocysts, and toxoplasmosis causes mortality in these animals, particularly sea otters. Serological evidence of T. gondii infection was determined in 75 captive marine mammals from four facilities in southern and central geographical regions in Mexico using the modified agglutination test (MAT). Antibodies (MAT, 1:25 or higher) to T. gondii were found in 55 (87.3%) of 63 Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus truncatus), 3 of 3 Pacific bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus gillii), 2 of 4 California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), but not in 3 West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus), and 2 Patagonian sea lions (Otariaflavescens). Sero positive marine mammals were found in all 4 (100%) facilities sampled. All marine mammals were healthy and there has not been any case of clinical toxoplasmosis in the facilities sampled for at least the last 15 years. The seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in marine mammals of the same species did not vary significantly with respect to sex and age. This is the first report on the detection of antibodies to T. gondii in marine mammals in Mexico. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dubey, J. P.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Alvarado-Esquivel, C.] Juarez Univ Durango State, Fac Med & Nutr, Durango 34000, Mexico. [Sanchez-Okrucky, R.] Dolphin Ctr, Cancun 77504, Quintana Roo, Mexico. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAR 23 PY 2012 VL 184 IS 2-4 BP 321 EP 324 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.08.036 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 893BW UT WOS:000300331600029 PM 21944844 ER PT J AU Thomson, JG Chan, R Smith, J Thilmony, R Yau, YY Wang, YJ Ow, DW AF Thomson, James G. Chan, Ronald Smith, Jamison Thilmony, Roger Yau, Yuan-Yeu Wang, YueJu Ow, David W. TI The Bxb1 recombination system demonstrates heritable transmission of site-specific excision in Arabidopsis SO BMC BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGROBACTERIUM T-DNA; TRANSGENE EXPRESSION; GENE INTEGRATION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; THALIANA; GENOME; CRE; TRANSFORMATION; REPLACEMENT; SELECTION AB Background: The mycobacteriophage large serine recombinase Bxb1 catalyzes site-specific recombination between its corresponding attP and attB recognition sites. Previously, we and others have shown that Bxb1 has catalytic activity in various eukaryotic species including Nicotiana tabacum, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, insects and mammalian cells. Results: In this work, the Bxb1 recombinase gene was transformed and constitutively expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana plants harboring a chromosomally integrated attP and attB-flanked target sequence. The Bxb1 recombinase successfully excised the target sequence in a conservative manner and the resulting recombination event was heritably transmitted to subsequent generations in the absence of the recombinase transgene. In addition, we also show that Bxb1 recombinase expressing plants can be manually crossed with att-flanked target transgenic plants to generate excised progeny. Conclusion: The Bxb1 large serine recombinase performs site-specific recombination in Arabidopsis thaliana germinal tissue, producing stable lines free of unwanted DNA. The precise site-specific deletion produced by Bxb1 in planta demonstrates that this enzyme can be a useful tool for the genetic engineering of plants without selectable marker transgenes or other undesirable exogenous sequences. C1 [Thomson, James G.; Chan, Ronald; Smith, Jamison; Thilmony, Roger] USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Utilizat Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Yau, Yuan-Yeu; Wang, YueJu; Ow, David W.] Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Yau, Yuan-Yeu; Wang, YueJu; Ow, David W.] UC Berkeley, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Thomson, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Utilizat Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM James.Thomson@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [5325-21000-018-00D] FX We express our thanks to Bryan Hernandez for technical assistance. References to a company and/or product by the USDA are only for purposes of information and do not imply approval or recommendation of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. Research was funded by USDA-ARS project 5325-21000-018-00D. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 16 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6750 J9 BMC BIOTECHNOL JI BMC Biotechnol. PD MAR 21 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 9 DI 10.1186/1472-6750-12-9 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 933WT UT WOS:000303396700001 PM 22436504 ER PT J AU Islam, MS Glynn, JM Bai, Y Duan, YP Coletta, HD Kuruba, G Civerolo, EL Lin, H AF Islam, Md-Sajedul Glynn, Jonathan M. Bai, Yang Duan, Yong-Ping Coletta-Filho, Helvecio D. Kuruba, Gopal Civerolo, Edwin L. Lin, Hong TI Multilocus microsatellite analysis of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' associated with citrus Huanglongbing worldwide SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; GREENING DISEASE; TANDEM REPEATS; FLORIDA; PROGRAM; SEQUENCE AB Background: Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most destructive citrus diseases in the world. The disease is associated with the presence of a fastidious, phloem-limited alpha- proteobacterium, 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus', 'Ca. Liberibacter africanus' or 'Ca. Liberibacter americanus'. HLB-associated Liberibacters have spread to North America and South America in recent years. While the causal agents of HLB have been putatively identified, information regarding the worldwide population structure and epidemiological relationships for 'Ca. L. asiaticus' is limited. The availability of the 'Ca. L. asiaticus' genome sequence has facilitated development of molecular markers from this bacterium. The objectives of this study were to develop microsatellite markers and conduct genetic analyses of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' from a worldwide collection. Two hundred eighty seven isolates from USA (Florida), Brazil, China, India, Cambodia, Vietnam, Taiwan, Thailand, and Japan were analyzed. Results: A panel of seven polymorphic microsatellite markers was developed for 'Ca. L. asiaticus'. Microsatellite analyses across the samples showed that the genetic diversity of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' is higher in Asia than Americas. UPGMA and STRUCTURE analyses identified three major genetic groups worldwide. Isolates from India were genetically distinct. East-southeast Asian and Brazilian isolates were generally included in the same group; a few members of this group were found in Florida, but the majority of the isolates from Florida were clustered separately. eBURST analysis predicted three founder haplotypes, which may have given rise to three groups worldwide. Conclusions: Our results identified three major genetic groups of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' worldwide. Isolates from Brazil showed similar genetic makeup with east-southeast Asian dominant group, suggesting the possibility of a common origin. However, most of the isolates recovered from Florida were clustered in a separate group. While the sources of the dominant 'Ca. L. asiaticus' in Florida were not clearly understood, the less-pervasive groups may have been introduced directly from Asia or via Brazil. Notably, the recent outbreak of HLB in Florida probably occurred through multiple introductions. Microsatellite markers developed in this study provide adequate discriminatory power for the identification and differentiation of closely-related isolates, as well as for genetic studies of 'Ca. L. asiaticus'. C1 [Islam, Md-Sajedul; Glynn, Jonathan M.; Civerolo, Edwin L.; Lin, Hong] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Res Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Bai, Yang] Guangxi Citrus Res Inst, Gulin 530004, Guangxi, Peoples R China. [Duan, Yong-Ping] ARS, USDA, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Coletta-Filho, Helvecio D.] Inst Agron Campinas, BR-13490970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Kuruba, Gopal] Andhra Pradesh Hort Univ, Citrus Res Stn, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Lin, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Res Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM hong.lin@ars.usda.gov RI Coletta-Filho, Helvecio/K-8235-2012; Citros, Inct/I-2442-2013 FU Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council; USDA-ARS [5302-22000-008-40T] FX We would like to thank Chuanwu Chen and Parminder Sahota for technical assistance. We also would like to thank Michael Irey for providing HLB samples from Florida. Funding for this project was provided by the Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council. USDA-ARS Project Number: 5302-22000-008-40T. Trade names or commercial products in this publication are mentioned solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 16 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD MAR 20 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 39 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-12-39 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 953ID UT WOS:000304859500001 PM 22433492 ER PT J AU Payyavula, RS Navarre, DA Kuhl, JC Pantoja, A Pillai, SS AF Payyavula, Raja S. Navarre, Duroy A. Kuhl, Joseph C. Pantoja, Alberto Pillai, Syamkumar S. TI Differential effects of environment on potato phenylpropanoid and carotenoid expression SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phenolics; chlorogenic acid; anthocyanins; carotenoids; gene expression; PAL; antioxidants; potatoes; sucrose; promoters ID PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHLOROGENIC ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; DROUGHT STRESS; TUBER TISSUE; GENES AB Background: Plant secondary metabolites, including phenylpropanoids and carotenoids, are stress inducible, have important roles in potato physiology and influence the nutritional value of potatoes. The type and magnitude of environmental effects on tuber phytonutrients is unclear, especially under modern agricultural management that minimizes stress. Understanding factors that influence tuber secondary metabolism could facilitate production of more nutritious crops. Metabolite pools of over forty tuber phenylpropanoids and carotenoids, along with the expression of twenty structural genes, were measured in high-phenylpropanoid purple potatoes grown in environmentally diverse locations in North America (Alaska, Texas and Florida). Results: Phenylpropanoids, including chlorogenic acid (CGA), were higher in samples from the northern latitudes, as was the expression of phenylpropanoid genes including phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), which had over a ten-fold difference in relative abundance. Phenylpropanoid gene expression appeared coordinately regulated and was well correlated with metabolite pools, except for hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:quinatehydroxcinnamoyl transferase (HQT; r = -0.24). In silico promoter analysis identified two cis-acting elements in the HQT promoter not found in the other phenylpropanoid genes. Anthocyanins were more abundant in Alaskan samples and correlated with flavonoid genes including DFR (r = 0.91), UFGT (r = 0.94) and F3H (r = 0.77). The most abundant anthocyanin was petunidin-3-coum-rutinoside-5-glu, which ranged from 4.7 mg g(-1) in Alaska to 2.3 mg g(-1) in Texas. Positive correlations between tuber sucrose and anthocyanins (r = 0.85), suggested a stimulatory effect of sucrose. Smaller variation was observed in total carotenoids, but marked differences occurred in individual carotenoids, which had over a ten-fold range. Violaxanthin, lutein or zeaxanthin were the predominant carotenoids in tubers from Alaska, Texas and Florida respectively. Unlike in the phenylpropanoid pathway, poor correlations occurred between carotenoid transcripts and metabolites. Conclusion: Analysis of tuber secondary metabolism showed interesting relationships among different metabolites in response to collective environmental influences, even under conditions that minimize stress. The variation in metabolites shows the considerable phenotypical plasticity possible with tuber secondary metabolism and raises questions about to what extent these pathways can be stimulated by environmental cues in a manner that optimizes tuber phytonutrient content while protecting yields. The differences in secondary metabolites may be sufficient to affect nutritional quality. C1 [Payyavula, Raja S.; Navarre, Duroy A.; Pillai, Syamkumar S.] Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Navarre, Duroy A.] Washington State Univ, USDA Agr Res Serv, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Kuhl, Joseph C.] Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Pantoja, Alberto] USDA Agr Res Serv, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Navarre, DA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM navarrer@wsu.edu RI payyavula, raja/K-8078-2013; OI siv pillai, syamkumar/0000-0002-9187-703X NR 72 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 58 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD MAR 20 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 39 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-12-39 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 937QE UT WOS:000303672300001 PM 22429339 ER PT J AU Belokobylskij, SA Kula, RR AF Belokobylskij, Sergey A. Kula, Robert R. TI Review of the brachypterous, micropterous, and apterous Braconidae of the cyclostome lineage (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) from the Palearctic Region SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE descriptions; distribution; identification; key; new species; new records; parasitoid; taxonomy ID SUBFAMILY DORYCTINAE HYMENOPTERA; RDNA GENE-SEQUENCES; PARTIAL 16S RDNA; SPATHIUS NEES; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; WASPS HYMENOPTERA; INSECTA; JAPAN; RNA; D2 AB The Palearctic species of Braconidae with brachypterous, micropterous, or apterous modification are discussed. The following new species are described: Chremylus planispinus Belokobylskij (France, Algeria), Chremylus algecirasus Belokobylskij (Spain), Pambolus erogolus Belokobylskij (Mongolia), Pambolus ovchinnikovi Belokobylskij (Kyrgyzstan), Hormius stauropolicus Belokobylskij (Russia (North Caucasus)), Bracon (Habrobracon) barbieri Belokobylskij (Algeria), and Panerema kamtshatica Belokobylskij (Russia (Kamchatka)). The following species are redescribed: Heterospilus hemipterus (Thomson) (male and female), Chremylus pomonellae (Atanasov) (male, female and macropterous form), Hormius minialatus Tobias (female), and Aleiodes (Chelonorhogas) hemipterus Marshall (male and female). Lituania brachyptera Jakimavicius, 1968 is a new synonym of Eurybolus hemipterus Thomson, 1892. Chremylus pomonellae (Atanasov), new combination, is transferred from Rhyssalus. Aleiodes hemipterus is placed in the subgenus Chelonorhogas Enderlein. Asobara subalata (Zaykov & Fischer) is returned from Phaenocarpa Foerster. New distribution records are reported for Ecphylus (Sactopus) caudatus Ruschka, H. hemipterus, Rhaconotus hispanicus Belokobylskij, Pambolus tricolor (Ruthe), Hormius minialatus Tobias, A. (C.) hemipterus, and Pseudopezomachus kasparyani Tobias. A key for identifying all Palearctic flightless cyclostome braconid species, and the genera in which they are placed, is provided. A discussion about the diversity, morphological characters, and natural history of wing size reduction, and possible reasons for flightlessness, is provided. C1 [Belokobylskij, Sergey A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Belokobylskij, Sergey A.] Polish Acad Sci, Museum & Inst Zool, PL-00679 Warsaw, Poland. [Kula, Robert R.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Belokobylskij, SA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. EM doryctes@yahoo.com; Robert.Kula@ars.usda.gov FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [10-04-00265]; Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences FX The first author is very thankful to Claire Villemant (Paris, France), Gavin Broad (BMNH), Jeno Papp (Budapest, Hungary), and Alejandro Zaldivar-Riveron (Mexico City, Mexico) for the opportunity to study the types and additional material from collections and for their valuable help. The second author is grateful to Alexander Konstantinov (Systematic Entomology Laboratory [SEL], USDA-ARS, Washington, DC) for interpreting articles published in Russian. Thomas Henry (SEL), Steven Lingafelter, (SEL), and Paul Marsh (Kansas State University, Manhattan) kindly reviewed the manuscript prior to submission. We also thank Gavin Broad (Natural History Museum, London) and John Jennings (University of Adelaide) for useful comments. The present work was partly supported by a grant of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (No. 10-04-00265) and by the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences Program "Origin of Biosphere and Evolution of Geobiological System." The United States Department of Agriculture is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 148 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAR 20 PY 2012 IS 3240 BP 1 EP 62 PG 62 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 939LQ UT WOS:000303812700001 ER PT J AU Gao, X Lu, X Wu, M Zhang, HY Pan, RQ Tian, J Li, SX Liao, H AF Gao, Xiang Lu, Xing Wu, Man Zhang, Haiyan Pan, Ruqian Tian, Jiang Li, Shuxian Liao, Hong TI Co-Inoculation with Rhizobia and AMF Inhibited Soybean Red Crown Rot: From Field Study to Plant Defense-Related Gene Expression Analysis SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS; GROWTH-PROMOTING FUNGI; GLOMUS-MOSSEAE; CYLINDROCLADIUM-PARASITICUM; PHYTOPHTHORA-PARASITICA; SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; ALUMINUM TOLERANCE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; ROOT-SYSTEM; DAMPING-OFF AB Background: Soybean red crown rot is a major soil-borne disease all over the world, which severely affects soybean production. Efficient and sustainable methods are strongly desired to control the soil-borne diseases. Principal Findings: We firstly investigated the disease incidence and index of soybean red crown rot under different phosphorus (P) additions in field and found that the natural inoculation of rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could affect soybean red crown rot, particularly without P addition. Further studies in sand culture experiments showed that inoculation with rhizobia or AMF significantly decreased severity and incidence of soybean red crown rot, especially for co-inoculation with rhizobia and AMF at low P. The root colony forming unit (CFU) decreased over 50% when inoculated by rhizobia and/or AMF at low P. However, P addition only enhanced CFU when inoculated with AMF. Furthermore, root exudates of soybean inoculated with rhizobia and/or AMF significantly inhibited pathogen growth and reproduction. Quantitative RT-PCR results indicated that the transcripts of the most tested pathogen defense-related (PR) genes in roots were significantly increased by rhizobium and/or AMF inoculation. Among them, PR2, PR3, PR4 and PR10 reached the highest level with co-inoculation of rhizobium and AMF. Conclusions: Our results indicated that inoculation with rhizobia and AMF could directly inhibit pathogen growth and reproduction, and activate the plant overall defense system through increasing PR gene expressions. Combined with optimal P fertilization, inoculation with rhizobia and AMF could be considered as an efficient method to control soybean red crown rot in acid soils. C1 [Gao, Xiang; Lu, Xing; Wu, Man; Zhang, Haiyan; Pan, Ruqian; Tian, Jiang; Liao, Hong] S China Agr Univ, State Key Lab Conservat & Utilizat Subtrop Agrobi, Root Biol Ctr, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Pan, Ruqian] S China Agr Univ, Lab Bacteria & Fungicides, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Li, Shuxian] ARS, Crop Genet Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Gao, X (reprint author), S China Agr Univ, State Key Lab Conservat & Utilizat Subtrop Agrobi, Root Biol Ctr, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM hliao@scau.edu.cn RI lu, xing/N-9076-2014 OI lu, xing/0000-0002-2962-1500 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30890132, 30890133, 31025022]; National Key Basic Research Special Funds of China [2011CB100301] FX This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30890132, 30890133 and 31025022) and National Key Basic Research Special Funds of China (2011CB100301). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 61 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 65 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 19 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e33977 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0033977 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 939TA UT WOS:000303836500078 PM 22442737 ER PT J AU Wang, HH Grant, WE Gan, JB Rogers, WE Swannack, TM Koralewski, TE Miller, JH Taylor, JW AF Wang, Hsiao-Hsuan Grant, William E. Gan, Jianbang Rogers, William E. Swannack, Todd M. Koralewski, Tomasz E. Miller, James H. Taylor, John W. TI Integrating Spread Dynamics and Economics of Timber Production to Manage Chinese Tallow Invasions in Southern US Forestlands SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TREE SAPIUM-SEBIFERUM; TEXAS COASTAL PRAIRIE; UNITED-STATES; PLANT INVASIONS; SEED DISPERSAL; NATIVE HERBIVORES; BARRIER ZONES; ALIEN PLANT; L ROXB; IMPACTS AB Economic costs associated with the invasion of nonnative species are of global concern. We estimated expected costs of Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera (L.) Small) invasions related to timber production in southern U. S. forestlands under different management strategies. Expected costs were confined to the value of timber production losses plus costs for search and control. We simulated management strategies including (1) no control (NC), and control beginning as soon as the percentage of invaded forest land exceeded (2) 60 (Low Control), (3) 25 (Medium Control), or (4) 0 (High Control) using a spatially-explicit, stochastic, bioeconomic model. With NC, simulated invasions spread northward and westward into Arkansas and along the Gulf of Mexico to occupy approximate to 1.2 million hectares within 20 years, with associated expected total costs increasing exponentially to approximate to$300 million. With LC, MC, and HC, invaded areas reached approximate to 275, 34, and 2 thousand hectares after 20 years, respectively, with associated expected costs reaching approximate to$400, $230, and $200 million. Complete eradication would not be cost-effective; the minimum expected total cost was achieved when control began as soon as the percentage of invaded land exceeded 5%. These results suggest the importance of early detection and control of Chinese tallow, and emphasize the importance of integrating spread dynamics and economics to manage invasive species. C1 [Wang, Hsiao-Hsuan; Grant, William E.; Swannack, Todd M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Gan, Jianbang; Rogers, William E.; Koralewski, Tomasz E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX USA. [Miller, James H.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL USA. [Taylor, John W.] US Forest Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wang, HH (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM hsuan006@tamu.edu FU USDA Forest Service Forest Health Protection of the Southern Region; Texas AgriLife Research FX Funding from USDA Forest Service Forest Health Protection of the Southern Region and Texas AgriLife Research. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 107 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 31 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 19 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e33877 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0033877 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 939TA UT WOS:000303836500072 PM 22442731 ER PT J AU Byars, JA Fanta, GF Kenar, JA Felker, FC AF Byars, Jeffrey A. Fanta, George F. Kenar, James A. Felker, Frederick C. TI Influence of pH and temperature on the rheological properties of aqueous dispersions of starch-sodium palmitate complexes SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE Starch gel; Rheology; Steam jet cooking; Amylose; Inclusion complex; Thermoreversible gel ID AMYLOSE-LIPID COMPLEXES; STEAM JET COOKING; FATTY-ACIDS; PASTING PROPERTIES; INCLUSION COMPLEXES; OIL COMPOSITES; GELS; BEHAVIOR; AMYLOPECTIN; SPHERULITES AB Aqueous dispersions of high-amylose corn starch were steam jet cooked and blended with aqueous solutions of sodium palmitate to form amylose inclusion complexes. The rheology of dispersions of these complexes was examined. Acetic acid was added to reduce the pH, converting complexed sodium palmitate to palmitic acid. Associations of the complexed palmitic acid and reduced electrostatic repulsion resulted in a sharp increase in the linear viscoelastic properties of the materials. Further reduction of the pH led to precipitation of palmitic acid complexes and a decrease in the gel strength. Temperature ramps showed a sharp, reversible decrease in the elastic modulus. The temperature at which this decrease occurred depended on both the concentration and pH. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Byars, Jeffrey A.; Kenar, James A.; Felker, Frederick C.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Funct Foods Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Fanta, George F.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Byars, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Funct Foods Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM jeffrey.byars@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD MAR 17 PY 2012 VL 88 IS 1 BP 91 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.11.070 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 896DO UT WOS:000300545800013 ER PT J AU Chamorro, ML Volkovitsh, MG Poland, TM Haack, RA Lingafelter, SW AF Chamorro, M. Lourdes Volkovitsh, Mark G. Poland, Therese M. Haack, Robert A. Lingafelter, Steven W. TI Preimaginal Stages of the Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae): An Invasive Pest on Ash Trees (Fraxinus) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN; INTERSPECIFIC VARIATION; RESISTANCE; BIOLOGY; SPP. AB This study provides the most detailed description of the immature stages of Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire to date and illustrates suites of larval characters useful in distinguishing among Agrilus Curtis species and instars. Immature stages of eight species of Agrilus were examined and imaged using light and scanning electron microscopy. For A. planipennis all preimaginal stages (egg, instars I-IV, prepupa and pupa) were described. A combination of 14 character states were identified that serve to identify larvae of A. planipennis. Our results support the segregation of Agrilus larvae into two informal assemblages based on characters of the mouthparts, prothorax, and abdomen: the A. viridis and A. ater assemblages, with A. planipennis being more similar to the former. Additional evidence is provided in favor of excluding A. planipennis from the subgenus Uragrilus. C1 [Chamorro, M. Lourdes; Lingafelter, Steven W.] ARS, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Volkovitsh, Mark G.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Lab Insect Systemat, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Poland, Therese M.; Haack, Robert A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Chamorro, ML (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM lourdes.chamorro@gmail.com FU United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service [1275-22000-257-01R]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [10-04-00539]; Ministry of Education and Sciences of the Russian Federation FX This study was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service International Programs project number 1275-22000-257-01R and by a grant to MGV from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research project no. 10-04-00539 and Ministry of Education and Sciences of the Russian Federation. The funders had no role in study design data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 19 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 16 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e33185 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0033185 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 932RV UT WOS:000303309100025 PM 22438898 ER PT J AU Gimmel, ML Carlton, CE White, WH AF Gimmel, Matthew L. Carlton, Christopher E. White, William H. TI Polymorphism in Languria taedata LeConte, its occurrence in coastal Louisiana Spartina marshes, and clarification of some Motschulsky languriine types (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Languriinae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Cucujoidea; Languriidae; Dasydactylus; marsh; smooth cordgrass; wetlands AB We clarify the diagnosis and geographic distribution of the widespread, variable eastern coastal species Languria taedata LeConte, 1854, in North America. After examining types and the range of variation and geographical distribution of the species, we propose synonymy of L. erythrocephalus Blatchley, 1924, with L. taedata, new synonymy. We report the discovery of an all-piceous form ("Form C"), the first of the genus, found primarily along the western Gulf Coast of the United States. The recognition of this form requires a modification to the most recent key to North American genera of Languriinae. The larvae of L. taedata feed within the stems of Spartina alterniflora Loisel (Poaceae). We provide additional notes on the occurrence of L. taedata in coastal marshes in Louisiana. The types of L. apicalis Motschulsky, L. nigriceps Motschulsky, L. obscura Motschulsky, and L. rufiventris are reexamined. A revised synonymic checklist is provided for North American Languriini. C1 [Gimmel, Matthew L.; Carlton, Christopher E.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [White, William H.] ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Gimmel, ML (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Div Entomol, Biodivers Inst, 1501 Crestline Dr,Suite 140, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM phalacrid@gmail.com; ccarlt@lsu.edu RI Gimmel, Matthew/F-3389-2013 FU Discover Life in America; National Science Foundation [DEB-0516311] FX We thank Nikolai Nikitsky (ZMUM) for the loan of the Motschulsky types, and two anonymous reviewers for helping to improve the manuscript. This research was supported in part by grants from Discover Life in America and the National Science Foundation (DEB-0516311, C. E. Carlton and V. L. Bayless, P.I.s). This publication has been approved by the Director, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, as manuscript number 2011-234-6587. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAR 16 PY 2012 IS 3237 BP 24 EP 34 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 939LF UT WOS:000303811500002 ER PT J AU Leach, RJ O'Neill, RG Fitzpatrick, JL Williams, JL Glass, EJ AF Leach, Richard J. O'Neill, Ronan G. Fitzpatrick, Julie L. Williams, John L. Glass, Elizabeth J. TI Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with the Immune Response to a Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED CALVES; FEEDLOT CATTLE; MATERNAL ANTIBODIES; DISEASE COMPLEX; NEWBORN CALVES; MOUTH-DISEASE; BEEF-CALVES; KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS; REPLICATION; FORMULATION AB Infectious disease is an important problem for animal breeders, farmers and governments worldwide. One approach to reducing disease is to breed for resistance. This linkage study used a Charolais-Holstein F2 cattle cross population (n = 501) which was genotyped for 165 microsatellite markers (covering all autosomes) to search for associations with phenotypes for Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) specific total-IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 concentrations at several time-points pre- and post-BRSV vaccination. Regions of the bovine genome which influenced the immune response induced by BRSV vaccination were identified, as well as regions associated with the clearance of maternally derived BRSV specific antibodies. Significant positive correlations were detected within traits across time, with negative correlations between the pre- and post-vaccination time points. The whole genome scan identified 27 Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) on 13 autosomes. Many QTL were associated with the Thymus Helper 1 linked IgG2 response, especially at week 2 following vaccination. However the most significant QTL, which reached 5% genome-wide significance, was on BTA 17 for IgG1, also 2 weeks following vaccination. All animals had declining maternally derived BRSV specific antibodies prior to vaccination and the levels of BRSV specific antibody prior to vaccination were found to be under polygenic control with several QTL detected. Heifers from the same population (n = 195) were subsequently immunised with a 40-mer Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus peptide (FMDV) in a previous publication. Several of these QTL associated with the FMDV traits had overlapping peak positions with QTL in the current study, including the QTL on BTA23 which included the bovine Major Histocompatibility Complex (BoLA), and QTL on BTA9 and BTA24, suggesting that the genes underlying these QTL may control responses to multiple antigens. These results lay the groundwork for future investigations to identify the genes underlying the variation in clearance of maternal antibody and response to vaccination. C1 [Leach, Richard J.; Williams, John L.; Glass, Elizabeth J.] Univ Edinburgh, Roslin Inst, Dept Genet & Genom, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland. [Leach, Richard J.; Williams, John L.; Glass, Elizabeth J.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Dick Sch Vet Studies, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland. [O'Neill, Ronan G.] Dept Agr Fisheries & Food, Celbridge, Kildare, Ireland. [Fitzpatrick, Julie L.] Moredun Res Inst, Edinburgh EH17 7JH, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Leach, RJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM richard.j.leach@ars.usda.gov RI Glass, Elizabeth/L-4612-2016; OI Glass, Elizabeth/0000-0002-6183-0185; Williams, John/0000-0001-5188-7957 FU Pfizer Animal Health CASE studentship; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Institute Strategic); Scottish government Rural and Environment Research and Analysis Directorate (RERAD); Meat and Livestock Commission (MLC); Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) for LINK; Cariplo Foundation FX This work was undertaken with a Pfizer Animal Health CASE studentship, and supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Institute Strategic Grant funding), the Scottish government Rural and Environment Research and Analysis Directorate (RERAD), the Meat and Livestock Commission (MLC; now devolved to EBLEX, HybuCig Cymru/Meat Promotion Wales (HCC), Quality Meat Scotland (QMS)) and the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) for LINK funding for the animal studies. JLW acknowledges the Cariplo Foundation for financial support. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e33526 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0033526 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 932RU UT WOS:000303309000031 PM 22438944 ER PT J AU Barbarick, KA Ippolito, JA McDaniel, J Hansen, NC Peterson, GA AF Barbarick, K. A. Ippolito, J. A. McDaniel, J. Hansen, N. C. Peterson, G. A. TI Biosolids application to no-till dryland agroecosystems SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ammonium bicarbonate-DTPA; P; Ba; Zn; Wheat-fallow rotations; Wheat-corn-fallow rotations ID ELEPHANTGRASS BIOMASS PRODUCTION; WHEAT AGROECOSYSTEM; MUNICIPAL BIOSOLIDS; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; SOIL; RESPONSES AB Dryland agroecosystems are generally ideal environments for recycling biosolids. However, what is the efficacy of biosolids addition to a no-till dryland management agroecosystem? From 2000 to 2010, we studied application of biosolids from the Littleton/Englewood, CO Wastewater Treatment Plant versus commercial N fertilizer in dryland no-till wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)-fallow (WF) and wheat-corn (Zea mays, L.)-fallow (WCF) rotations at a site approximately 40 km east of Byers, CO. We tested if biosolids would produce the same yields and grain P, Zn, and Ba concentrations as an equivalent rate of N fertilizer, that biosolids-borne P, Zn, and Ba would not migrate below the 10 cm soil depth, and that biosolids application would result in the same quantity of residual NO3-N as the equivalent N fertilizer rate. Biosolids and N fertilizer produced similar wheat and corn yields; but, biosolids application resulted in smaller wheat grain Ba due to the soil formation of BaSO4. Biosolids application produced greater NO3-N concentrations than N fertilizer in the 30-60 and 60-90 cm depths for the WF rotation and all but the 5-10 and 120-150 cm depths for the WCF rotation. We concluded that biosolids application in a no-till managed dryland agroecosystem is an efficacious method of recycling this nutrient source. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Barbarick, K. A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ippolito, J. A.] USDA ARS NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [McDaniel, J.; Hansen, N. C.; Peterson, G. A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Barbarick, KA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, 200 W Lake St, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM ken.barbarick@colostate.edu RI Barbarick, Kenneth/B-7974-2013; Peterson, Gary/B-8119-2013 OI Barbarick, Kenneth/0000-0002-8779-0740; NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 150 BP 72 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2012.01.012 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 916MC UT WOS:000302106900008 ER PT J AU Myung, K Manthey, JA Narciso, JA AF Myung, Kyung Manthey, John A. Narciso, Jan A. TI Biotransformations of 6 ',7 '-dihydroxybergamottin and 6 ',7 '-epoxybergamottin by the citrus-pathogenic fungi diminish cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitory activity SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Furanocoumarins; Grapefruit; Cytochrome P450 inhibition; Fungi; Metabolism ID GRAPEFRUIT JUICE; FURANOCOUMARINS; XANTHOTOXIN; FUROCOUMARINS; CELLS; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; METABOLISM; EXPRESSION; GRAVEOLENS; CYP3A4 AB Penicillium digitatum, as well as five other citrus pathogenic species, (Penicillium ulaiense Link, Geotrichum citri Link, Botrytis cinerea P. Micheli ex Pers., Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl., and Phomopsis citri (teleomorph Diaporthe citri)) were observed to convert 6',7'-epoxybergamottin (1) into 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin (2), bergaptol (3), and an opened lactone ring metabolite 6,7-furano-5-(6',7'-dihydroxy geranyloxy)-2-hydroxy-hydrocoumaric acid (4). Metabolism of 2 by these fungi also proceeded to 4. The structure of 4 was established by high resolution mass spectrometry and H-1 and C-13 NMR techniques. The inhibitory activity of 4 towards human intestinal cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) was greatly decreased (IC50 > 172.0 mu M) compared to 2 (IC50 = 0.81 mu M). (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Myung, Kyung; Manthey, John A.; Narciso, Jan A.] Agr Res Serv, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Myung, K (reprint author), Dow AgroSci LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. EM Kmyung@dow.com NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 22 IS 6 BP 2279 EP 2282 DI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.01.081 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 905PU UT WOS:000301285500030 PM 22342630 ER PT J AU Bazooyar, F Momany, FA Bolton, K AF Bazooyar, Faranak Momany, Frank A. Bolton, Kim TI Validating empirical force fields for molecular-level simulation of cellulose dissolution SO COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Molecular simulation; Cellulose dissolution; First principles; Cellobiose; DFT; COMPASS ID NEUTRON FIBER DIFFRACTION; HYDROGEN-BONDING SYSTEM; SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; CRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE; CORRELATION-ENERGY; NATIVE CRYSTALLINE; I-BETA; CELLOBIOSE; SURFACES AB The calculations presented here, which include dynamics simulations using molecular mechanics force fields and first principles studies, indicate that the COMPASS force field is preferred over the Dreiding and Universal force fields for studying dissolution of large cellulose structures. The validity of these force fields was assessed by comparing structures and energies of cellobiose, which is the shortest cellulose chain, obtained from the force fields with those obtained from MP2 and DFT methods. In agreement with the first principles methods, COMPASS is the only force field of the three studied here that favors the anti form of cellobiose in the vacuum. This force field was also used to compare changes in energies when hydrating cellobiose with 1-4 water molecules. Although the COMPASS force field does not yield the change from anti to syn minimum energy structure when hydrating with h more than two water molecules - as predicted by OFT - it does predict that the syn conformer is preferred when simulating cellobiose in bulk liquid water and at temperatures relevant to cellulose dissolution. This indicates that the COMPASS force field yields valid structures of cellulose under these conditions. Simulations based on the COMPASS force field show that, due to entropic effects, the syn form of cellobiose is energetically preferred at elevated temperature, both in vacuum and in bulk water. This is also in agreement with DFT calculations. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bazooyar, Faranak; Bolton, Kim] Univ Boras, Sch Engn, SE-50190 Boras, Sweden. [Bazooyar, Faranak] Chalmers, Dept Chem Engn, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Momany, Frank A.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Bazooyar, F (reprint author), Univ Boras, Sch Engn, SE-50190 Boras, Sweden. EM faranak.bazooyar@hb.se FU Stiftelsen Foreningssparbanken Sjuharad FX The authors are grateful to Stiftelsen Foreningssparbanken Sjuharad for financial support. The Quantum Mechanics calculations were performed on resources provided by the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at NSC, HPC2N and C3SE. Molecular Mechanics results were obtained using program from Accelrys Software Inc. NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2210-271X J9 COMPUT THEOR CHEM JI Comput. Theor. Chem. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 984 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.comptc.2012.01.020 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 920UE UT WOS:000302432600016 ER PT J AU Chang, PK Abbas, HK Weaver, MA Ehrlich, KC Scharfenstein, LL Cotty, PJ AF Chang, Perng-Kuang Abbas, Hamed K. Weaver, Mark A. Ehrlich, Kenneth C. Scharfenstein, Leslie L. Cotty, Peter J. TI Identification of genetic defects in the atoxigenic biocontrol strain Aspergillus flavus K49 reveals the presence of a competitive recombinant group in field populations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus flavus; Aflatoxin; Biocontrol; Cyclopiazonic acid; Gene cluster ID VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUPS; AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; CLUSTER; ORYZAE; CONTAMINATION; PARASITICUS; COTTONSEED; SOIL AB Contamination of corn, cotton, peanuts and tree nuts by aflatoxins is a severe economic burden for growers. A current biocontrol strategy is to use non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus strains to competitively exclude field toxigenic Aspergillus species. A. flavus K49 does not produce aflatoxins and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) and is currently being tested in corn-growing fields in Mississippi. We found that its lack of production of aflatoxins and CPA resulted from single nucleotide mutations in the polyketide synthase gene and hybrid polyketide-nonribosomal peptide synthase gene, respectively. Furthermore, based on single nucleotide polymorphisms of the aflatoxin biosynthesis omtA gene and the CPA biosynthesis dmaT gene, we conclude that K49, AF36 and previously characterized TX9-8 form a biocontrol group. These isolates appear to be derived from recombinants of typical large and small sclerotial morphotype strains. This finding provides an easy way to select future biocontrol strains from the reservoir of non-aflatoxigenic populations in agricultural fields. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chang, Perng-Kuang; Ehrlich, Kenneth C.; Scharfenstein, Leslie L.; Cotty, Peter J.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Abbas, Hamed K.; Weaver, Mark A.] ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Chang, PK (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM perngkuang.chang@ars.usda.gov OI Weaver, Mark/0000-0001-9020-7264 NR 35 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 154 IS 3 BP 192 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.01.005 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 919ML UT WOS:000302331800014 PM 22285533 ER PT J AU Lozano, N Rice, CP Pagano, J Zintek, L Barber, LB Murphy, EW Nettesheim, T Minarik, T Schoenfuss, HL AF Lozano, Nuria Rice, Clifford P. Pagano, James Zintek, Larry Barber, Larry B. Murphy, Elizabeth W. Nettesheim, Todd Minarik, Tom Schoenfuss, Heiko L. TI Concentration of organic contaminants in fish and their biological effects in a wastewater-dominated urban stream SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Alkylphenol ethoxylates; Endocrine effects; Persistent pollutants; Fish residues; Nonylphenol ethoxylates ID CHROMATOGRAPHY/TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; P-NONYLPHENOL ISOMERS; MALE FATHEAD MINNOWS; ALKYLPHENOL-ETHOXYLATES; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; CUYAHOGA RIVER AB Data are presented on the concentrations of alkylphenol and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs) and persistent organic compounds in largemouth bass collected from a waste-water dominated stream in downtown Chicago. The fish residue concentrations of APES are compared to concentrations of the APEs in the water that were collected at weekly intervals over two months bracketing the fall (2006) and a spring (2007) fish collection. The concentrations of APEs were significantly higher in the spring-collected fish (5.42 mu g/g) versus the fall (0.99 mu g/g) tand these differences were shared by differences in the water concentrations (spring - 11.47 versus fall - 3.44 mu g/L). The differences in water concentration were negatively correlated with water temperatures observed over the two sampling times. Fish residue concentrations of persistent organic compounds (PCBs, PBDEs, toxaphene, and many legacy pesticides including the DDT family) did not vary from fall to spring. Some of these residue concentrations were comparable to the highest NPE (nonylphenol ethoxylate) homologue concentrations, e.g. NP1EO was 3.5 mu g/g in the bass for the spring, the PBDE-congener 47 and p,p'-DDE averaged 1.0 mu g/g and 0.5 mu g/g, respectively, over both seasons. All the other persistent single-analyte concentrations were lower. Biological endpoints for endocrine effects measured in the same fish showed that there was an apparent positive correlation for physiological effects based on increased vitellogenin levels in males versus concentration of NPEs; however there were no observable histological differences in fall versus spring fish samples. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lozano, Nuria; Rice, Clifford P.] ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lozano, Nuria] Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pagano, James] SUNY Coll Oswego, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Zintek, Larry] US EPA, Chicago Reg Lab, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. [Barber, Larry B.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Murphy, Elizabeth W.; Nettesheim, Todd] US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. [Minarik, Tom] Metropolitan Water Reclamat Dist Greater Chicago, Cicero, IL 60804 USA. [Schoenfuss, Heiko L.] St Cloud State Univ, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. RP Rice, CP (reprint author), ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, ANRI, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Clifford.Rice@ars.usda.gov FU Region V, EPA FX Thanks go out to Peter Howe for all his continuing support of this type of research while employed by Region V, EPA. Also contributions from Chiara Zuccarino-Crowe need to be acknowledged as well as the amazing team effort that was involved in bringing all of this research to completion. Use of trade names is for identification purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 76 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 420 BP 191 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.12.059 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 914ZA UT WOS:000301991200020 PM 22341470 ER PT J AU Evenhuis, JP Cleveland, BM AF Evenhuis, Jason P. Cleveland, Beth M. TI Modulation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) intestinal immune gene expression following bacterial challenge SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mucosal immunity; Bacteria; Pathogen ID YERSINIA-RUCKERI; FLAVOBACTERIUM-PSYCHROPHILUM; IMMERSION VACCINATION; IMMUNIZATION; PROTECTION; WALBAUM; RESISTANCE; INFECTION; DISEASE; VIRUS AB The mucosal immune systems of fishes are still poorly understood, and defined models for studying natural host-pathogen interactions are lacking. The objective of this study was to evaluate different challenge models and pathogens to examine the magnitude of change in intestinal immune gene expression. Rainbow trout were exposed by immersion to Yersinia ruckeri or by intraperitoneal injection with Flavobacterium psychrophilum. At 3, 9, or 10 days post-challenge, pathogen load was quantified by plate count and intestinal tissue was removed and immune gene expression measured by real-time PCR. In general, the magnitude of infection was correlated with change in immune gene transcript abundance. We found that messages for the innate immune molecules, SAA, IL-8, INF-gamma and TNF-alpha, as well as the message for IgM, were up-regulated in intestinal tissue in both challenge paradigms. A >250-fold increase was observed in SAA and 20-fold increase of IL-8 gene transcript abundance occurred on day 10 following challenge with F. psychrophilum. Within individual fish, there was a positive correlation between bacteria load in the spleen and the increase of immune gene message between 3 and 10 days post-infection. These findings demonstrate that measurable changes in immune gene expression occur in the intestine of rainbow trout following bath challenge with Y. ruckeri or injection challenge with F. psychrophilum. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Evenhuis, Jason P.; Cleveland, Beth M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Evenhuis, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM jason.evenhuis@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 146 IS 1 BP 8 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.01.008 PG 10 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 921CA UT WOS:000302454400002 PM 22341800 ER PT J AU Pridgeon, JW Yeh, HY Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH AF Pridgeon, Julia W. Yeh, Hung-Yueh Shoemaker, Craig A. Klesius, Phillip H. TI Global transcription analysis of vaccinated channel catfish following challenge with virulent Edwardsiella ictaluri SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ictalurus punctatus; Microarray; Immunity; Edwardsiella ictaluri; Challenge ID ENTERIC SEPTICEMIA; EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO; PUNCTATUS; INFECTION; INNATE; IDENTIFICATION AB To determine the identities of genes involved in either innate or adaptive immunity. microarray analysis of 65,182 UniGene transcripts were performed to compare gene expression in vaccinated channel catfish after challenge with a virulent Edwardsiella ictaluri compared to that in sham-vaccinated fish without challenge. With a filter of false-discovery rate less than 0.05 and fold change greater than 2, a total of 167 functionally known unique transcripts were found to be up-regulated, whereas 40 were down-regulated. The 167 up-regulated transcripts represent genes with putative functions in the following eight major categories: (1) immunity (30%); ( 2) metabolism and energy production (22%); (3) transcription or translation (12%); (4) protein degradation (11%); (5) signal transduction (6%); (6) traffic and transport (6%); (7) cell structure or cell cycle (8%); and (8) others (5%). The 40 down-regulated transcripts represent genes with putative functions in the following six major categories: (1) metabolism (27.5%); (2) immunity (17.5%); (3) cell structure (17.5%); (4) cell motility (10%); (5) signal transduction (15%); and (6) others (12.5%). Microarray analysis revealed that lysozyme c was up-regulated the most (70-fold) in vaccinated fish at 48 h post challenge of virulent E. ictaluri whereas myotubularin related protein la and cytochrome P450 2J27 were down-regulated the most (8.1 fold). Differential regulation of eight randomly selected transcripts in vaccinated fish after challenge with virulent E. ictaluri was also validated by quantitative PCR. Our results suggest that these differentially regulated genes might play important roles in channel catfish immunity against E. ictaluri. Published by Elsevier B.B. C1 [Pridgeon, Julia W.; Yeh, Hung-Yueh; Shoemaker, Craig A.; Klesius, Phillip H.] ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Pridgeon, JW (reprint author), ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, USDA, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM Julia.Pridgeon@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/ARS CRIS [6420-32000-024-00D] FX We thank Drs. Dehai Xu (USDA-ARS) and Victor Panangala (USDA collaborator) for critical reviews of the manuscript. We thank Dr. Brian Scheffler and Fanny Liu (USDA-ARS-Catfish Genetics Research Unit) for their excellent sequencing work. We thank Dorothy Moseley, Paige Mumma, and Beth Peterman (USDA-ARS) for their excellent technical support. We also thank the management team of the Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit for daily care and management of the fish. This study was supported by the USDA/ARS CRIS project #6420-32000-024-00D. The use of trade, firm, or corporate names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 146 IS 1 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.01.022 PG 9 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 921CA UT WOS:000302454400007 PM 22365332 ER PT J AU Kurum, M O'Neill, PE Lang, RH Joseph, AT Cosh, MH Jackson, TJ AF Kurum, Mehmet O'Neill, Peggy E. Lang, Roger H. Joseph, Alicia T. Cosh, Michael H. Jackson, Thomas J. TI Effective tree scattering and opacity at L-band SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Radiometry; Emission; Opacity; Albedo; Scattering; L-band; Forest; Soil ID PASSIVE MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS; SURFACE SOIL-MOISTURE; L-MEB MODEL; DIELECTRIC DISKS; DECIDUOUS FOREST; CROP FIELDS; VEGETATION; EMISSION; RADIOMETRY; BACKSCATTERING AB This paper investigates vegetation effects at L-band by using a first-order radiative transfer (RT) model and truck-based microwave measurements over natural conifer stands to assess the applicability of the tau - omega (tau-omega) model over trees. The tau-omega model is a zero-order RT solution that accounts for vegetation effects with two vegetation parameters (vegetation opacity and single-scattering albedo), which represent the canopy as a whole. This approach inherently ignores multiple-scattering effects and, therefore, has a limited validity depending on the level of scattering within the canopy. The fact that the scattering from large forest components such as branches and trunks is significant at L-band requires that zero-order vegetation parameters be evaluated (compared) along with their theoretical definitions to provide a better understanding of these parameters in the retrieval algorithms as applied to trees. This paper compares the effective vegetation opacities, computed from multi-angular pine tree brightness temperature data, against the results of two independent approaches that provide theoretical and measured optical depths. These two techniques are based on forward scattering theory and radar corner reflector measurements, respectively. The results indicate that the effective vegetation opacity values are smaller than but of similar magnitude to both radar and theoretical estimates. The effective opacity of the zero-order model is thus set equal to the theoretical opacity and an explicit expression for the effective albedo is then obtained from the zero- and first-order RT model comparison. The resultant albedo is found to have a similar magnitude as the effective albedo value obtained from brightness temperature measurements. However, both are less than half of the single-scattering albedo estimated using the theoretical calculations (0.5-0.6 for tree canopies at L-band). This lower observed effective albedo balances the scattering darkening effect of the large theoretical single-scattering albedo with a first-order multiple-scattering contribution. The retrieved effective albedo is different from theoretical definitions and not the albedo of single forest elements anymore, but it becomes a global parameter, which depends on all the processes taking place within the canopy, including multiple-scattering and canopy ground interaction. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kurum, Mehmet; O'Neill, Peggy E.; Joseph, Alicia T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lang, Roger H.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Cosh, Michael H.; Jackson, Thomas J.] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kurum, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Code 617, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM mehmet.kurum@nasa.gov RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 FU NASA FX This research was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 118 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.10.024 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 895SW UT WOS:000300517700001 ER PT J AU Wu, CY Chen, JM Desai, AR Hollinger, DY Arain, MA Margolis, HA Gough, CM Staebler, RM AF Wu, Chaoyang Chen, Jing M. Desai, Ankur R. Hollinger, David Y. Arain, M. Altaf Margolis, Hank A. Gough, Christopher M. Staebler, Ralf M. TI Remote sensing of canopy light use efficiency in temperate and boreal forests of North America using MODIS imagery SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Light use efficiency; Climate change; Carbon cycle; Eddy covariance; Forests; Remote sensing ID GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; PHOTOCHEMICAL REFLECTANCE INDEX; ENHANCED VEGETATION INDEX; NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE UPTAKE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MEDITERRANEAN FOREST; SPECTRAL INDEXES; CO2 EXCHANGE AB Light use efficiency (LUE) is an important variable characterizing plant eco-physiological functions and refers to the efficiency at which absorbed solar radiation is converted into photosynthates. The estimation of LUE at regional to global scales would be a significant advantage for global carbon cycle research. Traditional methods for canopy level LUE determination require meteorological inputs which cannot be easily obtained by remote sensing. Here we propose a new algorithm that incorporates the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and a modified form of land surface temperature (T-m) for the estimation of monthly forest LUE based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery. Results demonstrate that a model based on EVI x T-m parameterized from ten forest sites can provide reasonable estimates of monthly LUE for temperate and boreal forest ecosystems in North America with an R-2 of 0.51 (p<0.001) for the overall dataset. The regression coefficients (a, b) of the LUE-EVI x T-m correlation for these ten sites have been found to be closely correlated with the average EVI (EVI_ave, R-2=0.68, p=0.003) and the minimum land surface temperature (LST_min, R-2=0.81, p=0.009), providing a possible approach for model calibration. The calibrated model shows comparably good estimates of LUE for another ten independent forest ecosystems with an overall root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.055 g C per mol photosynthetically active radiation. These results are especially important for the evergreen species due to their limited variability in canopy greenness. The usefulness of this new LUE algorithm is further validated for the estimation of gross primary production (GPP) at these sites with an RMSE of 37.6 g Cm-2 month(-1) for all observations, which reflects a 28% improvement over the standard MODIS GPP products. These analyses should be helpful in the further development of ecosystem remote sensing methods and improving our understanding of the responses of various ecosystems to climate change. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, Chaoyang; Chen, Jing M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. [Wu, Chaoyang; Chen, Jing M.] Univ Toronto, Program Planning, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. [Wu, Chaoyang] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Desai, Ankur R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Hollinger, David Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH USA. [Arain, M. Altaf] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Margolis, Hank A.] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Foret, Fac Foresterie Geog & Geomat, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Gough, Christopher M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Staebler, Ralf M.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Wu, CY (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, 100 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. EM hefery@163.com RI Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Desai, Ankur/A-5899-2008; OI Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041; Wu, Chaoyang/0000-0001-6163-8209; Arain, M. Altaf/0000-0002-1433-5173 FU NSERC [381474-09]; National Natural Science Foundation [41001210]; CAS [KZCX2-EW-QN302]; Special Foundation for Young Scientists of SLRSS [10QN-01] FX We like to thank Dr. Andrew Richardson for the suggestions to the initial manuscript. Though comments from both reviewers are also appreciated. This work used data from flux sites from both the AmeriFlux and Fluxnet-Canada and we appreciate the flux Pls providing these valuable data and helpful explanations. This work was funded by an NSERC Strategic Grant (381474-09), the National Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 41001210), the Knowledge Innovation Program of CAS (KZCX2-EW-QN302), and the Special Foundation for Young Scientists of SLRSS (Grant 10QN-01). NR 69 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 118 BP 60 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.11.012 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 895SW UT WOS:000300517700006 ER PT J AU Culbert, PD Radeloff, VC St-Louis, V Flather, CH Rittenhouse, CD Albright, TP Pidgeon, AM AF Culbert, Patrick D. Radeloff, Volker C. St-Louis, Veronique Flather, Curtis H. Rittenhouse, Chadwick D. Albright, Thomas P. Pidgeon, Anna M. TI Modeling broad-scale patterns of avian species richness across the Midwestern United States with measures of satellite image texture SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity; Birds; Species richness; Habitat structure; Texture; Multiple linear regression; Landsat; NLCD ID BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; LEAF-AREA INDEX; FOREST STRUCTURE; HABITAT SELECTION; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; ABSORBED PAR; BIODIVERSITY; CLASSIFICATION AB Avian biodiversity is threatened, and in order to prioritize limited conservation resources and conduct effective conservation planning a better understanding of avian species richness patterns is needed. The use of image texture measures, as a proxy for the spatial structure of land cover and vegetation, has proven useful in explaining patterns of avian abundance and species richness. However, prior studies that modeled habitat with texture measures were conducted over small geographical extents and typically focused on a single habitat type. Our goal was to evaluate the performance of texture measures over broad spatial extents and across multiple habitat types with varying levels of vertical habitat structure. We calculated a suite of texture measures from 114 Landsat images over a study area of 1,498,000 km(2) in the Midwestern United States, which included habitats ranging from grassland to forest. Avian species richness was modeled for several functional guilds as a function of image texture. We subsequently compared the explanatory power of texture-only models with models fitted using landscape composition metrics derived from the National Land Cover Dataset, as well as models fitted using both texture and composition metrics. Measures of image texture were effective in modeling spatial patterns of avian species richness in multiple habitat types, explaining up to 51% of the variability in species richness of permanent resident birds. In comparison, landscape composition metrics explained up to 56% of the variability in permanent resident species richness. In the most heavily forested ecoregion, texture-measures outperformed landscape metrics, and the two types of measurements were complementary in multivariate models. However, in two out of three ecoregions examined, landscape composition metrics consistently performed slightly better than texture measures, and the variance explained by the two types of measures overlapped considerably. These results show that image texture measures derived from satellite imagery can be an important tool for modeling patterns of avian species richness at broad spatial extents, and thus assist in conservation planning. However, texture measures were slightly inferior to landscape composition metrics in about three-fourths of our models. Therefore texture measures are best considered in conjunction with landscape metrics (if available) and are best used when they show explanatory ability that is complementarity to landscape metrics. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Culbert, Patrick D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Russell Labs 226, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [St-Louis, Veronique] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Flather, Curtis H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Albright, Thomas P.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Culbert, PD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Russell Labs 226, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM pdculbert@wisc.edu RI Rittenhouse, Chadwick/G-7169-2012; Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016; Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X; Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 FU NASA; National Science Foundation [EPS-0814372] FX The Authors would like to thank D. Helmers for technical assistance and G. Thain and the University of Wisconsin-Madison Center for High-Throughput Computing for substantial data processing assistance. Two anonymous reviews provided feedback, which greatly improved the manuscript. This work was supported by the NASA Biodiversity Program, and a NASA Earth Systems Science Fellowship to P. D. Culbert. T. P. Albright acknowledges support from National Science Foundation, Cooperative Agreement EPS-0814372. NR 74 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 118 BP 140 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.11.004 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 895SW UT WOS:000300517700013 ER PT J AU Miyazaki, T Plotto, A Baldwin, EA Reyes-De-Corcuera, JI Gmitter, FG AF Miyazaki, Takayuki Plotto, Anne Baldwin, Elizabeth A. Reyes-De-Corcuera, Jose I. Gmitter, Fred G., Jr. TI Aroma characterization of tangerine hybrids by gas-chromatography-olfactometry and sensory evaluation SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Citrus reticulata; citrus breeding; aroma volatiles; fruit quality; tangerine; mandarin ID FLAVOR RECONSTITUTION EXPERIMENTS; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; ODOR-ACTIVE COMPOUNDS; BLANCO-CV-CLEMENTINE; HAND-SQUEEZED JUICES; ORANGE JUICE; CITRUS-RETICULATA; VOLATILE COMPONENTS; GC-OLFACTOMETRY; ESSENTIAL OILS AB BACKGROUND: Tangerines have a distinct flavor among citrus fruit. However, information on tangerine volatiles remains limited. Volatile compounds from a breeding population of tangerines were earlier identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In this study, five hybrids with a distinct volatile profile were analyzed by gas-chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) and descriptive sensory analysis. RESULTS: Forty-nine aroma active compounds were found in a consensus by GC-O. Aldehydes were the most important group with odor activity, as well as monoterpenes, esters, alcohols and ketones. 1,8-Cineole,beta-myrcene, (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal, hexanal, ethyl-2-methylbutanoate, and linalool were perceived with high intensity in most samples. Two 'Clementine' x 'Minneola' and one 'Fortune' x 'Murcott' hybrids with tangerine, sulfury and woody/spicy flavors had aroma active compounds with terpeney, fatty/vegetable and metallic/rubber descriptors. A tangerine with 'Valencia' orange in its parentage had a characteristic orange flavor, which could be explained by esters and ketones, high in fruity and floral odor intensities. A hybrid of unknown origin had a distinct fruity-non-citrus and pumpkin/fatty flavor; that sample had the lowest amount of aroma-active volatiles, with the least compounds with terpeney odors. CONCLUSION: There was no one compound characteristic of tangerine flavor. Nevertheless, each sample sensory characteristic could be explained by a set of aroma-active volatile compounds. Published 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Plotto, Anne; Baldwin, Elizabeth A.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Miyazaki, Takayuki; Reyes-De-Corcuera, Jose I.; Gmitter, Fred G., Jr.] Univ Florida IFAS, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Plotto, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM anne.plotto@ars.usda.gov FU New Varieties Development and Management Corporation; Florida citrus industry FX Funding for this research was partly provided by the New Varieties Development and Management Corporation, a not-for-profit organization in support of the Florida citrus industry. The authors appreciate the technical assistance and participation of Ms Misty Holt in this work. NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 92 IS 4 BP 727 EP 735 DI 10.1002/jsfa.4663 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 886XU UT WOS:000299888700002 PM 22413143 ER PT J AU Washburn, BE AF Washburn, Brian E. TI Avian use of solid waste transfer stations SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Birds; Solid waste management; Transfer stations; Wildlife ID LANDFILL SITES; HERRING-GULLS; BIRD; DIET; FACILITIES; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY; OHIO AB Transfer stations are an important component of modern solid waste management systems. Solid waste management facilities (e.g., landfills) are very attractive to and used by many birds, resulting in a variety of health and safety problems, including disease transmission to humans and increased risk of wildlife-aircraft collisions. In the United States, the Federal Aviation Administration recommends municipal solid waste management facilities (e.g., landfills, transfer stations) not be sited within 8 km of an airport. Little information is available regarding the attractiveness of transfer stations to birds or the factors that might influence avian use, particularly on a national scale. The objectives of my study were to: (1) quantify avian use of transfer stations, (2) determine if building design features influence their attractiveness to birds, and (3) determine if other factors (e.g., season, geographic location, operational procedures) influence bird use. Twenty-nine waste transfer facilities and 4 control sites, located in 7 states (representative of various U.S. geographical regions) were studied. Avian abundance and activity was quantified at each facility and control site twice per week for one year. Nuisance bird species commonly observed using transfer stations (e.g., feeding on refuse) included gulls. European starlings, and crows. Patterns of wildlife use at transfer stations varied by season, geographic location, transfer station building design, and on-site management characteristics. Overall, this study demonstrates that wildlife use of transfer stations, particularly by nuisance birds, can be substantial. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Washburn, BE (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM brian.e.washburn@aphis.usda.gov NR 35 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 104 IS 3-4 BP 388 EP 394 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.11.014 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 889JM UT WOS:000300070000009 ER PT J AU Zhu, XM Hu, JN Xue, CL Lee, JH Shin, JA Hong, ST Sung, CK Lee, KT AF Zhu, Xue-Mei Hu, Jiang-Ning Xue, Cheng-Lian Lee, Jeung-Hee Shin, Jung-Ah Hong, Soon-Taek Sung, Chang-Keun Lee, Ki-Teak TI Physiochemical and oxidative stability of interesterified structured lipid for soft margarine fat containing Delta 5-UPIFAs SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Soft margarine fat; Delta 5-UPIFA; alpha-Tocopherol; Ascorbyl palmitate; Quercetin ID LIPASE-CATALYZED INTERESTERIFICATION; PINE NUT OIL; PINOLENIC ACID; DELTA-5-OLEFINIC ACIDS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ACYL MIGRATION; TUB MARGARINES; POSITION; TRIACYLGLYCEROLS; SUPPLEMENTATION AB Structured lipid (SL) was synthesized from pine nut oil (PNO) and palm stearin (PS). In SL, 8.81% of Delta 5-unsaturated polymethylene interrupted fatty acids (Delta 5-UPIFAs) were intentionally incorporated into the sn-2 position through acyl migration. The obtained SL contained mostly the beta' form and a wide plastic range with solid fat index of 26.5% at 10 degrees C to 2.29% at 35 degrees C, indicating that the obtained SL (containing zero-trans fatty acid) may be desirable for soft (tub) margarine fat. Subsequently, the antioxidative effects of alpha-tocopherol (alpha-TOH), ascorbyl palmitate (AP), quercetin (Qu), and combinations thereof on SL were investigated. Results showed that Qu (500 mu g/g) showed the most effective antioxidant activity, followed by AP (500 mu g/g); while alpha-TOH with any concentrations (100, 200 and 500 mu g/g) did not show significant protective activity in the obtained SL Each mixture of AP + Qu and alpha-TOH + AP + Qu also showed effective antioxidant activity in the obtained SL. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xue, Cheng-Lian; Shin, Jung-Ah; Hong, Soon-Taek; Sung, Chang-Keun; Lee, Ki-Teak] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Taejon 305764, South Korea. [Zhu, Xue-Mei; Hu, Jiang-Ning] Nanchang Univ, State Key Lab Food Sci & Technol, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, Peoples R China. [Lee, Jeung-Hee] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Lee, KT (reprint author), Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Taejon 305764, South Korea. EM ktlee@cnu.ac.kr RI Jeong, Hyeon/H-6335-2011 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 131 IS 2 BP 533 EP 540 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.018 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 850WZ UT WOS:000297231600021 ER PT J AU Williams, MM Pataky, JK AF Williams, Martin M., II Pataky, Jerald K. TI Interactions between maize dwarf mosaic and weed interference on sweet corn SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Competition; Development; Growth; Stress tolerance; Yield ID MILLET PANICUM-MILIACEUM; PROSO MILLET; SUPPRESSIVE ABILITY; LIGHT QUALITY; VIRUS; YIELD; HYBRIDS; TOLERANCE; INOCULATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Maize dwarf mosaic (MDM) and weed interference are two economically important stresses to sweet corn; however, a fundamental understanding of the extent to which the crop is affected by combinations of these stresses is lacking. The objective of this study was to quantify the extent to which MDM incidence and weed interference influence the sweet corn canopy. phenological development, and yield. In field research, five levels of MDM incidence (0, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the plant population) were established in two sweet corn hybrids that also were grown in the presence or absence of wild-proso millet. During the vegetative phase of crop growth, the crop's ability to tolerate these multiple stresses was largely additive. For instance, incidence of MDM decreased crop growth and delayed development by as much as five days, and wild-proso millet added to those detrimental effects by an extent that was determined by the severity of weed interference. In contrast during the reproductive phase, MDM incidence and weed interference interacted in their effect on the crop. Moreover, differences in hybrid responses to the multiple stresses indicated that the benefit of improved crop tolerance to weed interference was not lost when the crop is infected with MDM. Use of hybrids with high levels of MDM resistance and improved competitive ability with weeds reduces the risk of losses from MDM and weed interference, two commonly occurring stresses in sweet corn. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Williams, Martin M., II] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Pataky, Jerald K.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mmwillms@illinois.edu NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 EI 1872-6852 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD MAR 14 PY 2012 VL 128 BP 48 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2011.12.005 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 925LM UT WOS:000302762700006 ER PT J AU Williams, MM AF Williams, Martin M., II TI Agronomics and economics of plant population density on processing sweet corn SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Competition; Development; Growth; Stress tolerance; Yield ID MAIZE; YIELD; QUALITY; STRESS; HYBRID; EAR AB A detailed analysis of the effect of plant population density (hereafter called 'populations') on processing sweet corn is lacking in the peer-reviewed literature. Therefore, field experiments were conducted utilizing six hybrids commonly grown in North America, one of several locations where sweet corn is grown for processing globally. The objectives were to: (1) quantify the effects of population and commercial hybrid on sweet corn growth, development, ear traits, and yield, (2) determine populations for maximum yield for growers and maximum gross profit margin for processors, and (3) compare populations for maximum yield and maximum gross profit margin to populations observed in processing sweet corn fields. Increasing populations from 43,000 to 86,000 plants ha(-1) linearly increased canopy density, light interception, and length of the vegetative period, while linearly decreasing filled ea: length and recovery - the percent of kernel mass represented in green ear mass. The processing hybrids used in this study differed not only in yield potential, ranging from 15.3 to 19.8 Mt ha(-1), but also in their ability to tolerate high populations. In general, higher-yielding hybrids performed best at higher populations. Based on surveys of growers' fields in North America, populations average 56,000 plants ha(-1), which was consistent with the average population for maximum gross profit margin for processors ($9900 ha(-1)). Both growers and processors could realize increased yield and profit by using certain hybrids at populations higher than currently used. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mmwillms@illinois.edu NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD MAR 14 PY 2012 VL 128 BP 55 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2011.12.007 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 925LM UT WOS:000302762700007 ER PT J AU Scholl, D Gebhart, D Williams, SR Bates, A Mandrell, R AF Scholl, Dean Gebhart, Dana Williams, Steven R. Bates, Anna Mandrell, Robert TI Genome Sequence of E. coli O104:H4 Leads to Rapid Development of a Targeted Antimicrobial Agent against This Emerging Pathogen SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; R-TYPE PYOCINS; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; POLYSACCHARIDE; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; GERMANY; O157-H7; PROTEIN; O157H7 AB A recent widespread outbreak of Escherichia coli O104:H4 in Germany demonstrates the dynamic nature of emerging and re-emerging food-borne pathogens, particularly STECs and related pathogenic E. coli. Rapid genome sequencing and public availability of these data from the German outbreak strain allowed us to identify an O-antigen-specific bacteriophage tail spike protein encoded in the genome. We synthesized this gene and fused it to the tail fiber gene of an R-type pyocin, a phage tail-like bacteriocin, and expressed the novel bacteriocin such that the tail fiber fusion was incorporated into the bacteriocin structure. The resulting particles have bactericidal activity specifically against E. coli strains that produce the O104 lipopolysaccharide antigen, including the outbreak strain. This O-antigen tailspike-R-type pyocin strategy provides a platform to respond rapidly to emerging pathogens upon the availability of the pathogen's genome sequence. C1 [Scholl, Dean; Gebhart, Dana; Williams, Steven R.] AvidBiotics Corp, San Francisco, CA USA. [Bates, Anna; Mandrell, Robert] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. RP Scholl, D (reprint author), AvidBiotics Corp, San Francisco, CA USA. EM dean@avidbiotics.com FU National Research Initiative from U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2006-55212-16927, 2007-35212-18239]; USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS [5325-42000-044, 5325-42000-045]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases / National Institutes of Health [1R43AI084295, R21AI085318] FX This project was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant Nos. 2006-55212-16927 and 2007-35212-18239 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture and USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS projects 5325-42000-044 and -045 (RM), as well as National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases / National Institutes of Health grants 1R43AI084295 and R21AI085318 (DS). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 14 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e33637 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0033637 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 931EO UT WOS:000303198600080 PM 22432037 ER PT J AU Cooper, WR Spurgeon, DW AF Cooper, W. Rodney Spurgeon, Dale W. TI Oviposition behaviors and ontogenetic embryonic characteristics of the western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hemiptera; Miridae; saliva; stylet probe ID DIGESTIVE ENZYMES; HEMIPTERA-MIRIDAE; STYLET MORPHOLOGY; HETEROPTERA; KNIGHT; SALIVARY; POLYGALACTURONASE; DIAPAUSE; COTTON; IDENTIFICATION AB The western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a key pest of fruit, vegetable, and field crops in the western United States, but many aspects of L. hesperus ecology are poorly documented. A sound understanding of oviposition behavior and characterization of the phases of embryonic development would be useful in studies of interactions between L. hesperus and its hosts, and in efforts to better understand the developmental consequences of low temperatures. Because L. hesperus insert their eggs into the host, most of the egg is obscured from view, and some aspects of oviposition and subsequent egg development cannot be observed directly. A novel observational method which took advantage of the propensity for L. hesperus to oviposit in semi-transparent sheets of agarose was used to observe oviposition and subsequent embryonic development. Lygus hesperus females stylet-probed prospective oviposition sites and during oviposition the ovipositor followed the path of the final probe. Oviposition, from insertion to withdrawal of the ovipositor, required similar to 30 seconds. Identifiable phases of embryo development included egg swelling, katatrepsis, appearance of body segments and appendages, development of red pigmentation in the eyes and terminal antennal segments, and formation of the 3(rd) embryonic cuticle. These phases were observed at about 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.8 of the total duration between oviposition and hatch, respectively. Infertile eggs did not exhibit any of these phases. Our descriptions of embryonic development will facilitate the study of L. hesperus egg biology and ecology, and permit estimates of egg population age structure and prediction of egg hatch. C1 [Cooper, W. Rodney; Spurgeon, Dale W.] ARS, USDA, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. RP Cooper, WR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, 17053 N Shafter Ave, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. EM Rodney.Cooper@ars.usda.gov; Dale.Spurgeon@ars.usda.gov RI Cooper, William/D-3205-2017 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD MAR 14 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 36 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 925HZ UT WOS:000302753500002 PM 22943440 ER PT J AU Wagner, TA Liu, JG Stipanovic, RD Puckhaber, LS Bell, AA AF Wagner, Tanya A. Liu, Jinggao Stipanovic, Robert D. Puckhaber, Lorraine S. Bell, Alois A. TI Hemigossypol, a Constituent in Developing Glanded Cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cotton; gossypol; hemigossypol; embryo; Gossypium hirsutum ID TERPENOID ALDEHYDES; VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE; (+)-GOSSYPOL; (+)-DELTA-CADINENE; SESQUITERPENOIDS; PHYTOALEXINS; (-)-GOSSYPOL; COTYLEDONS; RESISTANCE; PLANTS AB Gossypol is a dimeric sesquiterpenoid first identified in cottonseed, but found in various tissues in the cotton plant including the seed. From its first discovery, it was assumed that hemigossypol was the biosynthetic precursor of gossypol. Previous studies established that peroxidase (either from horseradish or from cottonseed) converts hemigossypol to gossypol. However, hemigossypol has never been identified in healthy cottonseed. In a temporal study using HPLC and LC-MS, hemigossypol was identified in the developing cotton embryo. It was shown to concomitantly accumulate until 40 days postanthesis (dpa) with gossypol and with transcripts of delta-cadinene synthase and 8-hydroxy-delta-cadinene synthase, genes involved in the biosynthesis of hemigossypol and gossypol. After 40 dpa, hemigossypol and its biosynthetic gene transcript levels declined, whereas the gossypol level remained almost unchanged until the bolls were open. These results provide further evidence to support the previous findings that establish hemigossypol as the biosynthetic precursor of gossypol. C1 [Wagner, Tanya A.; Liu, Jinggao; Stipanovic, Robert D.; Puckhaber, Lorraine S.; Bell, Alois A.] ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Liu, JG (reprint author), ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 2765 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM jinggao.liu@ars.usda.gov FU Cotton Incorporated FX This research was supported in part by Cotton Incorporated. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this paper is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 14 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 10 BP 2594 EP 2598 DI 10.1021/jf2051366 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 907GY UT WOS:000301407000025 PM 22369216 ER PT J AU Mellon, JE Zelaya, CA Dowd, MK Beltz, SB Klich, MA AF Mellon, Jay E. Zelaya, Carlos A. Dowd, Michael K. Beltz, Shannon B. Klich, Maren A. TI Inhibitory Effects of Gossypol, Gossypolone, and Apogossypolone on a Collection of Economically Important Filamentous Fungi SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE filamentous fungi; mycotoxins; gossypol derivatives; inhibitory activities ID COTTON; CYTOTOXICITY; ELICITORS; MEMBRANE; PRODUCTS; PLANTS; ROOTS AB Racemic gossypol and its related derivatives gossypolone and apogossypolone demonstrated significant growth inhibition against a diverse collection of filamentous fungi that included Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus alliaceus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium moniliforme, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium corylophilum, and Stachybotrys atra. The compounds were tested in a Czapek agar medium at a concentration of 100 mu g/mL. Racemic gossypol and apogossypolone inhibited growth by up to 95%, whereas gossypolone effected 100% growth inhibition in all fungal isolates tested except A. flavus. Growth inhibition was variable during the observed time period for all tested fungi capable of growth in these treatment conditions. Gossypolone demonstrated significant aflatoxin biosynthesis inhibition in A. flavus AFI3 (B-1, 76% inhibition). Apogossypolone was the most potent aflatoxin inhibitor, showing greater than 90% inhibition against A. flavus and greater than 65% inhibition against A. parasiticus (B-1, 67%; G(1), 68%). Gossypol was an ineffectual inhibitor of aflatoxin biosynthesis in both A. flavus and A. parasiticus. Both gossypol and apogossypolone demonstrated significant inhibition of ochratoxin A production (47%; 91%, respectively) in cultures of A. alliaceus. C1 [Mellon, Jay E.; Dowd, Michael K.; Beltz, Shannon B.; Klich, Maren A.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Zelaya, Carlos A.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Mellon, JE (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Jay.Mellon@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 14 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 10 BP 2740 EP 2745 DI 10.1021/jf2044394 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 907GY UT WOS:000301407000041 PM 22324794 ER PT J AU Glenn, A Bodri, MS AF Glenn, Anthony Bodri, Michael S. TI Fungal Endophyte Diversity in Sarracenia SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN PITCHER PLANT; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; CARNIVOROUS PLANTS; PURPUREA; METABOLITES; EXPRESSION; SYMBIOSIS; MICROECOSYSTEM; MICROCOSMS; ALTERS AB Fungal endophytes were isolated from 4 species of the carnivorous pitcher plant genus Sarracenia: S. minor, S. oreophila, S. purpurea, and S. psittacina. Twelve taxa of fungi, 8 within the Ascomycota and 4 within the Basidiomycota, were identified based on PCR amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS rDNA) with taxonomic identity assigned using the NCBI nucleotide megablast search tool. Endophytes are known to produce a large number of metabolites, some of which may contribute to the protection and survival of the host. We speculate that endophyte-infected Sarracenia may benefit from their fungal associates by their influence on nutrient availability from within pitchers and, possibly, by directly influencing the biota within pitchers. C1 [Glenn, Anthony] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. [Bodri, Michael S.] N Georgia Coll & State Univ, Dept Biol, Dahlonega, GA USA. RP Glenn, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. EM Michael.Bodri@northgeorgia.edu FU Georgia Native Plant Society FX Dr. Bodri was supported by a Jeane Reaves Research Grant from the Georgia Native Plant Society (http://www.gnps.org/geninfo/Grants.php). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 42 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 13 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e32980 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0032980 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 930IA UT WOS:000303129700023 PM 22427921 ER PT J AU Lu, W Zhong, S Charney, JJ Bian, X Liu, S AF Lu, W. Zhong, S. Charney, J. J. Bian, X. Liu, S. TI WRF simulation over complex terrain during a southern California wildfire event SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; FIELD-COHERENCE TECHNIQUE; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; LOW-LEVEL WINDS; AIR-QUALITY; PROGRAM DESIGN; PART II; MODEL; TRANSPORT; SYSTEM AB In October 2007, the largest wildfire-related evacuation in California's history occurred as severe wildfires broke out across southern California. Smoke from these wildfires contributed to elevated pollutant concentrations in the atmosphere, affecting air quality in a vast region of the western United States. High-resolution numerical simulations were performed using the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model to understand the atmospheric conditions during the wildfire episode and how the complex circulation patterns might affect smoke transport and dispersion. The simulated meteorological fields were validated using surface and upper air observations in California and Nevada. To distinguish the performance of the WRF in different geographic regions, the surface stations were grouped into coastal sites, valley and basin sites, and mountain sites, and the results for the three categories were analyzed and intercompared. For temperature and moisture, the mountain category has the best agreement with the observations, while the coastal category was the worst. For wind, the model performance for the three categories was very similar. The flow patterns over complex terrain were also analyzed under different synoptic conditions and the possible impact of the terrain on smoke and pollutant pathways is analyzed by employing a Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model. When high mountains prevent the smoke from moving inland, the mountain passes act as active pathways for smoke transport; meanwhile, chimney effect helps inject the pollutants to higher levels, where they are transported regionally. The results highlight the role of complex topography in the assessment of the possible smoke transport patterns in the region. C1 [Lu, W.; Liu, S.] Peking Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Lu, W.; Zhong, S.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Charney, J. J.; Bian, X.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Lu, W (reprint author), Peking Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM zhongs@msu.edu FU multiagency Joint Fire Science; USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station [07-JV-11242300-049, 09-JV-11242306-089] FX The authors would like to thank Jerome Fast for providing the FLEXPART code and for his help on running the code. This research is supported by the multiagency Joint Fire Science Plan Project 9-1-04-1 and by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station under agreements 07-JV-11242300-049 and 09-JV-11242306-089. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 13 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D05125 DI 10.1029/2011JD017004 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 910VD UT WOS:000301670300004 ER PT J AU Bannantine, JP Wu, CW Hsu, CY Zhou, SG Schwartz, DC Bayles, DO Paustian, ML Alt, DP Sreevatsan, S Kapur, V Talaat, AM AF Bannantine, John P. Wu, Chia-wei Hsu, Chungyi Zhou, Shiguo Schwartz, David C. Bayles, Darrell O. Paustian, Michael L. Alt, David P. Sreevatsan, Srinand Kapur, Vivek Talaat, Adel M. TI Genome sequencing of ovine isolates of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis offers insights into host association SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE M. paratuberculosis; Evolution; Johne's disease; Genome; Optical mapping ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; SHOTGUN OPTICAL MAP; EVOLUTIONARY DISTANCE; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; GROWTH-PATTERN; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISMS; STRAIN; REPEAT; DISSEMINATION AB Background: The genome of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is remarkably homogeneous among the genomes of bovine, human and wildlife isolates. However, previous work in our laboratories with the bovine K-10 strain has revealed substantial differences compared to sheep isolates. To systematically characterize all genomic differences that may be associated with the specific hosts, we sequenced the genomes of three U.S. sheep isolates and also obtained an optical map. Results: Our analysis of one of the isolates, MAP S397, revealed a genome 4.8 Mb in size with 4,700 open reading frames (ORFs). Comparative analysis of the MAP S397 isolate showed it acquired approximately 10 large sequence regions that are shared with the human M. avium subsp. hominissuis strain 104 and lost 2 large regions that are present in the bovine strain. In addition, optical mapping defined the presence of 7 large inversions between the bovine and ovine genomes (similar to 2.36 Mb). Whole-genome sequencing of 2 additional sheep strains of MAP (JTC1074 and JTC7565) further confirmed genomic homogeneity of the sheep isolates despite the presence of polymorphisms on the nucleotide level. Conclusions: Comparative sequence analysis employed here provided a better understanding of the host association, evolution of members of the M. avium complex and could help in deciphering the phenotypic differences observed among sheep and cattle strains of MAP. A similar approach based on whole-genome sequencing combined with optical mapping could be employed to examine closely related pathogens. We propose an evolutionary scenario for M. avium complex strains based on these genome sequences. C1 [Bannantine, John P.; Bayles, Darrell O.; Paustian, Michael L.; Alt, David P.] ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Wu, Chia-wei; Hsu, Chungyi; Talaat, Adel M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Lab Bacterial Genom, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zhou, Shiguo; Schwartz, David C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Lab Genet, UW Biotechnol Ctr, Lab Mol & Computat Genom, Madison, WI USA. [Sreevatsan, Srinand] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Populat Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Sreevatsan, Srinand] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kapur, Vivek] Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kapur, Vivek] Penn State Univ, Huck Inst Life Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Talaat, Adel M.] Cairo Univ, Dept Food Hyg, Cairo, Egypt. RP Bannantine, JP (reprint author), ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. EM John.Bannantine@ARS.USDA.GOV; atalaat@wisc.edu RI Wu, Chia-wei/B-9121-2013; Kapur, Vivek/F-7610-2013; Zhou, Shiguo/B-3832-2011; OI Zhou, Shiguo/0000-0001-7421-2506; Kapur, Vivek/0000-0002-9648-0138; Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898; Sreevatsan, Srinand/0000-0002-5162-2403 FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service; USDA [NRI 2007-35204-18400, JDIP -Q6286224301]; US-Egypt Joint Scientific Baord [1937] FX The authors would like to thank members of the Genomic Resource Center at the University of Maryland-Baltimore for Illumina sequencing and Janis K. Hansen (USDA-ARS) for technical assistance. This work was supported by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service (JPB, MLP, DPA and DOB), NRI 2007-35204-18400 and JDIP -Q6286224301 grants from the USDA and US-Egypt Joint Scientific Baord# 1937 to AMT. NR 62 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD MAR 12 PY 2012 VL 13 AR 89 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-13-89 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 932WX UT WOS:000303322300001 PM 22409516 ER PT J AU Jia, LM Yan, WG Zhu, CS Agrama, HA Jackson, A Yeater, K Li, XB Huang, BH Hu, BL McClung, A Wu, DX AF Jia, Limeng Yan, Wengui Zhu, Chengsong Agrama, Hesham A. Jackson, Aaron Yeater, Kathleen Li, Xiaobai Huang, Bihu Hu, Biaolin McClung, Anna Wu, Dianxing TI Allelic Analysis of Sheath Blight Resistance with Association Mapping in Rice SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; DISEASE RESISTANCE; JAPONICA RICE; INBRED LINES; CORE SUBSET AB Sheath blight (ShB) caused by the soil-borne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most devastating diseases in rice world-wide. Global attention has focused on examining individual mapping populations for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for ShB resistance, but to date no study has taken advantage of association mapping to examine hundreds of lines for potentially novel QTLs. Our objective was to identify ShB QTLs via association mapping in rice using 217 sub-core entries from the USDA rice core collection, which were phenotyped with a micro-chamber screening method and genotyped with 155 genome-wide markers. Structure analysis divided the mapping panel into five groups, and model comparison revealed that PCA5 with genomic control was the best model for association mapping of ShB. Ten marker loci on seven chromosomes were significantly associated with response to the ShB pathogen. Among multiple alleles in each identified loci, the allele contributing the greatest effect to ShB resistance was named the putative resistant allele. Among 217 entries, entry GSOR 310389 contained the most putative resistant alleles, eight out of ten. The number of putative resistant alleles presented in an entry was highly and significantly correlated with the decrease of ShB rating (r = -0.535) or the increase of ShB resistance. Majority of the resistant entries that contained a large number of the putative resistant alleles belonged to indica, which is consistent with a general observation that most ShB resistant accessions are of indica origin. These findings demonstrate the potential to improve breeding efficiency by using marker-assisted selection to pyramid putative resistant alleles from various loci in a cultivar for enhanced ShB resistance in rice. C1 [Jia, Limeng; Li, Xiaobai; Wu, Dianxing] Zhejiang Univ, State Key Lab Rice Biol, Inst Nucl Agr Sci, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Jia, Limeng; Agrama, Hesham A.] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. [Jia, Limeng; Yan, Wengui; Jackson, Aaron; McClung, Anna] ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, USDA, Stuttgart, AR USA. [Zhu, Chengsong] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Yeater, Kathleen] ARS, USDA, So Plains Area, College Stn, TX USA. [Huang, Bihu] Univ Arkansas Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR USA. [Hu, Biaolin] Jiangxi Acad Agr Sci, Rice Res Inst, Nanchang, Peoples R China. RP Jia, LM (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, State Key Lab Rice Biol, Inst Nucl Agr Sci, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM Wengui.Yan@ars.usda.gov; dxwu@zju.edu.cn FU United States Department of Agriculture FX This study was solely supported by the United States Department of Agriculture in-house funding. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 73 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 27 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 12 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e32703 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0032703 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 920DF UT WOS:000302381500034 PM 22427867 ER PT J AU Farnsworth, ML Miller, RS Pedersen, K Lutman, MW Swafford, SR Riggs, PD Webb, CT AF Farnsworth, Matthew L. Miller, Ryan S. Pedersen, Kerri Lutman, Mark W. Swafford, Seth R. Riggs, Philip D. Webb, Colleen T. TI Environmental and Demographic Determinants of Avian Influenza Viruses in Waterfowl across the Contiguous United States SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MALLARDS ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; LIVE-BIRD MARKETS; WILD BIRDS; SEASONAL-CHANGES; SENTINEL DUCKS; A VIRUSES; PATHOGENICITY; POULTRY; SURVEILLANCE; TRANSMISSION AB Outbreaks of avian influenza in North American poultry have been linked to wild waterfowl. A first step towards understanding where and when avian influenza viruses might emerge from North American waterfowl is to identify environmental and demographic determinants of infection in their populations. Laboratory studies indicate water temperature as one determinant of environmental viral persistence and we explored this hypothesis at the landscape scale. We also hypothesized that the interval apparent prevalence in ducks within a local watershed during the overwintering season would influence infection probabilities during the following breeding season within the same local watershed. Using avian influenza virus surveillance data collected from 19,965 wild waterfowl across the contiguous United States between October 2006 and September 2009 We fit Logistic regression models relating the infection status of individual birds sampled on their breeding grounds to demographic characteristics, temperature, and interval apparent prevalence during the preceding overwintering season at the local watershed scale. We found strong support for sex, age, and species differences in the probability an individual duck tested positive for avian influenza virus. In addition, we found that for every seven days the local minimum temperature fell below zero, the chance an individual would test positive for avian influenza virus increased by 5.9 percent. We also found a twelve percent increase in the chance an individual would test positive during the breeding season for every ten percent increase in the interval apparent prevalence during the prior overwintering season. These results suggest that viral deposition in water and sub-freezing temperatures during the overwintering season may act as determinants of individual level infection risk during the subsequent breeding season. Our findings have implications for future surveillance activities in waterfowl and domestic poultry populations. Further study is needed to identify how these drivers might interact with other host-specific infection determinants, such as species phylogeny, immunological status, and behavioral characteristics. C1 [Farnsworth, Matthew L.; Miller, Ryan S.; Riggs, Philip D.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Farnsworth, Matthew L.; Miller, Ryan S.; Riggs, Philip D.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Pedersen, Kerri; Lutman, Mark W.; Swafford, Seth R.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Dis Program, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Webb, Colleen T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Farnsworth, ML (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM matt.farnsworth@aphis.usda.gov OI Miller, Ryan/0000-0003-3892-0251 NR 66 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 20 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 12 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e32729 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0032729 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 920DF UT WOS:000302381500036 PM 22427870 ER PT J AU Han, JG Lakshman, DK Galvez, LC Mitra, S Baenziger, PS Mitra, A AF Han, Jigang Lakshman, Dilip K. Galvez, Leny C. Mitra, Sharmila Baenziger, Peter Stephen Mitra, Amitava TI Transgenic expression of lactoferrin imparts enhanced resistance to head blight of wheat caused by Fusarium graminearum SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CDNA CONFERS RESISTANCE; TOBACCO PLANTS; FUNGAL DISEASES; GENE; BARLEY; PEPTIDES; IDENTIFICATION; REGISTRATION; PROTECTION; PATHOGENS AB Background: The development of plant gene transfer systems has allowed for the introgression of alien genes into plant genomes for novel disease control strategies, thus providing a mechanism for broadening the genetic resources available to plant breeders. Using the tools of plant genetic engineering, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial gene was tested for resistance against head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, a devastating disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) that reduces both grain yield and quality. Results: A construct containing a bovine lactoferrin cDNA was used to transform wheat using an Agrobacterium-mediated DNA transfer system to express this antimicrobial protein in transgenic wheat. Transformants were analyzed by Northern and Western blots to determine lactoferrin gene expression levels and were inoculated with the head blight disease fungus F. graminearum. Transgenic wheat showed a significant reduction of disease incidence caused by F. graminearum compared to control wheat plants. The level of resistance in the highly susceptible wheat cultivar Bobwhite was significantly higher in transgenic plants compared to control Bobwhite and two untransformed commercial wheat cultivars, susceptible Wheaton and tolerant ND 2710. Quantification of the expressed lactoferrin protein by ELISA in transgenic wheat indicated a positive correlation between the lactoferrin gene expression levels and the levels of disease resistance. Conclusions: Introgression of the lactoferrin gene into elite commercial wheat, barley and other susceptible cereals may enhance resistance to F. graminearum. C1 [Han, Jigang; Galvez, Leny C.; Mitra, Amitava] Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Lakshman, Dilip K.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Mitra, Sharmila; Baenziger, Peter Stephen] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Mitra, A (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM amitra1@unl.edu RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 FU United States Department of Agriculture's National Research Initiative (USDA-NRI); US Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative FX This work was partially supported by grants from the United States Department of Agriculture's National Research Initiative (USDA-NRI) Plant Genome Program (AM) and the US Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative (PSB, AM). We are grateful to Dr. Stephen Wegulo for statistical analyses and graphs. We also thank Dan Higgins, Julie A. Breathnach, and Mitch Montgomery for expert technical help, fungal inoculations and greenhouse maintenance of transgenic plants. This is a contribution of the Agricultural Research Division, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 17 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD MAR 9 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 33 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-12-33 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 950QX UT WOS:000304664900001 PM 22405032 ER PT J AU Sacco, RE Nonnecke, BJ Palmer, MV Waters, WR Lippolis, JD Reinhardt, TA AF Sacco, Randy E. Nonnecke, Brian J. Palmer, Mitchell V. Waters, W. Ray Lippolis, John D. Reinhardt, Timothy A. TI Differential Expression of Cytokines in Response to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection of Calves with High or Low Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-3 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY; INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR-1; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; 1-ALPHA,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3; GENE-EXPRESSION; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3; D-RECEPTOR; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; IMMUNE REGULATION AB Deficiency of serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 has been related to increased risk of lower respiratory tract infections in children. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of low respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. The neonatal calf model of RSV infection shares many features in common with RSV infection in infants and children. In the present study, we hypothesized that calves with low circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 (25(OH)D-3) would be more susceptible to RSV infection than calves with high circulating levels of 25(OH)D-3. Calves were fed milk replacer diets with different levels of vitamin D for a 10 wk period to establish two treatment groups, one with high (177 ng/ml) and one with low (32.5 ng/ml) circulating 25(OH)D-3. Animals were experimentally infected via aerosol challenge with RSV. Data on circulating 25(OH)D-3 levels showed that high and low concentrations of 25(OH)D-3 were maintained during infection. At necropsy, lung lesions due to RSV were similar in the two vitamin D treatment groups. We show for the first time that RSV infection activates the vitamin D intracrine pathway in the inflamed lung. Importantly, however, we observed that cytokines frequently inhibited by this pathway in vitro are, in fact, either significantly upregulated (IL-12p40) or unaffected (IFN-gamma) in the lungs of RSV-infected calves with high circulating levels of 25(OH)D-3. Our data indicate that while vitamin D does have an immunomodulatory role during RSV infection, there was no significant impact on pathogenesis during the early phases of RSV infection. Further examination of the potential effects of vitamin D status on RSV disease resolution will require longer-term studies with immunologically sufficient and deficient vitamin D levels. C1 [Sacco, Randy E.; Nonnecke, Brian J.; Lippolis, John D.; Reinhardt, Timothy A.] ARS, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Palmer, Mitchell V.; Waters, W. Ray] ARS, Infect Bacterial Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Sacco, RE (reprint author), ARS, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. EM randy.sacco@ars.usda.gov RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009; OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509; Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956 FU USDA FX Research was conducted at at USDA research facility and all funding was provided through internal USDA research dollars. This project is an intramural project of the UDDA/ARS National Animal Disease Center. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 74 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 8 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e33074 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0033074 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 929KT UT WOS:000303062000028 PM 22412984 ER PT J AU Bhosale, SU Stich, B Rattunde, HFW Weltzien, E Haussmann, BIG Hash, CT Ramu, P Cuevas, HE Paterson, AH Melchinger, AE Parzies, HK AF Bhosale, Sankalp U. Stich, Benjamin Rattunde, H. Frederick W. Weltzien, Eva Haussmann, Bettina I. G. Hash, C. Thomas Ramu, Punna Cuevas, Hugo E. Paterson, Andrew H. Melchinger, Albrecht E. Parzies, Heiko K. TI Association analysis of photoperiodic flowering time genes in west and central African sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; NATURAL-SELECTION; DNA POLYMORPHISM; CIRCADIAN CLOCK; PHYTOCHROME-B; BLUE-LIGHT; ARABIDOPSIS; RICE; MATURITY; MARKERS AB Background: Photoperiod-sensitive flowering is a key adaptive trait for sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in West and Central Africa. In this study we performed an association analysis to investigate the effect of polymorphisms within the genes putatively related to variation in flowering time on photoperiod-sensitive flowering in sorghum. For this purpose a genetically characterized panel of 219 sorghum accessions from West and Central Africa was evaluated for their photoperiod response index (PRI) based on two sowing dates under field conditions. Results: Sorghum accessions used in our study were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in six genes putatively involved in the photoperiodic control of flowering time. Applying a mixed model approach and previously-determined population structure parameters to these candidate genes, we found significant associations between several SNPs with PRI for the genes CRYPTOCHROME 1 (CRY1-b1) and GIGANTEA (GI). Conclusions: The negative values of Tajima's D, found for the genes of our study, suggested that purifying selection has acted on genes involved in photoperiodic control of flowering time in sorghum. The SNP markers of our study that showed significant associations with PRI can be used to create functional markers to serve as important tools for marker-assisted selection of photoperiod-sensitive cultivars in sorghum. C1 [Bhosale, Sankalp U.; Haussmann, Bettina I. G.; Melchinger, Albrecht E.; Parzies, Heiko K.] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Plant Breeding Seed Sci & Populat Genet, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. [Stich, Benjamin] Max Planck Inst Plant Breeding Res, D-50829 Cologne, Germany. [Rattunde, H. Frederick W.; Weltzien, Eva] Int Crops Res Inst Semiarid Trop ICRISAT Bamako, Bamako, Mali. [Haussmann, Bettina I. G.; Hash, C. Thomas] ICRISAT Sadore, Niamey, Niger. [Hash, C. Thomas; Ramu, Punna] ICRISAT Patancheru, Hyderabad 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Cuevas, Hugo E.; Paterson, Andrew H.] Univ Georgia, Plant Genome Mapping Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Cuevas, Hugo E.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Haussmann, BIG (reprint author), Univ Hohenheim, Inst Plant Breeding Seed Sci & Populat Genet, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. EM bettina.haussmann@uni-hohenheim.de FU Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, Germany (ICRISAT/GTZ) [05.7860.9-001.00]; United Sorghum Checkoff Program (USA); CGIAR FX This research was funded by the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, Germany (ICRISAT/GTZ Project No. 05.7860.9-001.00), with additional support from the United Sorghum Checkoff Program (USA, to A. H. P.) and the CGIAR Generation Challenge Program (to AHP and CTH). The authors sincerely thank the team at ICRISAT-Mali for successfully conducting the sorghum field trial and for the data collection, and the laboratory staff at University of Hohenheim for their continuous assistance during the entire molecular work of this project. The authors also thank Yves Vigouroux for providing HD6 primers. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Heiko K. Parzies (1959-2011) who saw through to the completion of the project. NR 70 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 22 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD MAR 7 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 32 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-12-32 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 950QU UT WOS:000304664600001 PM 22394582 ER PT J AU Burr, GS Wolters, WR Barrows, FT Hardy, RW AF Burr, Gary S. Wolters, William R. Barrows, Frederic T. Hardy, Ronald W. TI Replacing fishmeal with blends of alternative proteins on growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and early or late stage juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Rainbow trout; Atlantic salmon; Alternate proteins; Protein blends; Wheat gluten; Soy protein concentrate ID FED DIETS; NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITIES; PRODUCTS; REPLACEMENT; CONCENTRATE; L.; SUPPLEMENTATION; ABSORPTION; EFFICIENCY; PHYTASE AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate blends of alternate proteins as replacements for fishmeal in diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and to use the results to develop and test alternate protein blends in diets for juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Nine experimental diets in which protein blends replaced 63%, 82% or 100% of fishmeal in the formulation (20, 10, and 0% fishmeal) were fed to rainbow trout (initial weight 19.5 g) for 12 weeks. Weight gains of trout fed diets containing the soy protein concentrate-based blend and the fishmeal control diet were similar, except at the 100% fishmeal replacement level, and significantly higher than that of trout fed diets containing the other blends. The soy protein blend and another based on wheat gluten meal were modified slightly and evaluated in early stage Atlantic salmon juveniles (initial weight 5.5 g). Protein blends replaced 50%, 66% or 84% of fishmeal (30, 20 or 10% fishmeal). Weight gains of early stage juvenile salmon after 18 weeks of feeding were significantly lower and feed conversion ratios higher when fed diets containing either blend compared to the fishmeal control diet, and gains decreased as level of fishmeal replacement increased. Blends were then modified further and tested in advance stage salmon juveniles (initial weight 31.5 g). These blends were solely either all-plant protein-based or contained poultry by-product meal. Both blends were evaluated with or without addition of Spirulina algae meal. Alternate protein blends completely replaced fishmeal in experimental diets. After 12 weeks of feeding, no differences in weight gain or feed conversion ratios were measured among groups fed experimental diets containing protein blends or the fishmeal control diet. Replacement of fishmeal with alternative protein blends in diets for early stage juvenile salmon is not recommended and the penalty in growth is severe. Fishmeal can be completely replaced in diets for late stage salmon over 30 g without compromising fish performance or using land animal protein ingredients in feed formulations. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hardy, Ronald W.] Univ Idaho, Inst Aquaculture Res, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Barrows, Frederic T.] ARS, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Burr, Gary S.; Wolters, William R.] ARS, USDA, Natl Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Ctr, Franklin, ME 04634 USA. RP Hardy, RW (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Inst Aquaculture Res, 3059-F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM rhardy@uidaho.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA08NMF4720669] FX Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. Experimental protocols and methods used in the research at the CFFI were in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act (9CFR) requirements and were approved by location's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. The authors thank Jason Frost for his assistance in preparing the diets, the staff at the University of Idaho's Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station for their assistance in the trout studies, and the staff at NCWMAC for their assistance in the Atlantic salmon studies. This work was supported by an award from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), award number NA08NMF4720669. NR 37 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 83 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAR 7 PY 2012 VL 334 BP 110 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.12.044 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 911BZ UT WOS:000301693600014 ER PT J AU Masiokas, MH Villalba, R Christie, DA Betman, E Luckman, BH Le Quesne, C Prieto, MR Mauget, S AF Masiokas, M. H. Villalba, R. Christie, D. A. Betman, E. Luckman, B. H. Le Quesne, C. Prieto, M. R. Mauget, S. TI Snowpack variations since AD 1150 in the Andes of Chile and Argentina (30 degrees-37 degrees S) inferred from rainfall, tree-ring and documentary records SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; ENSO EVENTS; UNITED-STATES; TIME-SERIES; VARIABILITY; STREAMFLOW; CLIMATE; PRECIPITATION; DENDROCLIMATOLOGY; CORDILLERA AB The Andean snowpack is the main source of freshwater and arguably the single most important natural resource for the populated, semi-arid regions of central Chile and central-western Argentina. However, apart from recent analyses of instrumental snowpack data, very little is known about the long term variability of this key natural resource. Here we present two complementary, annually-resolved reconstructions of winter snow accumulation in the southern Andes between 30 degrees-37 degrees S. The reconstructions cover the past 850 years and were developed using simple regression models based on snowpack proxies with different inherent limitations. Rainfall data from central Chile (very strongly correlated with snow accumulation values in the adjacent mountains) were used to extend a regional 1951-2010 snowpack record back to AD 1866. Subsequently, snow accumulation variations since AD 1150 were inferred from precipitation-sensitive tree-ring width series. The reconstructed snowpack values were validated with independent historical and instrumental information. An innovative time series analysis approach allowed the identification of the onset, duration and statistical significance of the main intra-to multi-decadal patterns in the reconstructions and indicates that variations observed in the last 60 years are not particularly anomalous when assessed in a multi-century context. In addition to providing new information on past variations for a highly relevant hydroclimatic variable in the southern Andes, the snowpack reconstructions can also be used to improve the understanding and modeling of related, larger-scale atmospheric features such as ENSO and the PDO. C1 [Masiokas, M. H.; Villalba, R.; Prieto, M. R.] CCT CONICET, Inst Argentino Nivol Glaciol & Ciencias Ambiental, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina. [Christie, D. A.; Le Quesne, C.] Univ Austral Chile, Lab Dendrocronol, Fac Ciencias Forestales & Recursos Nat, Valdivia, Chile. [Betman, E.] CCT CONICET, Inst Ciencias Humanas Sociales & Ambientales, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina. [Luckman, B. H.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Geog, Social Sci Ctr, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada. [Mauget, S.] ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Unit, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Masiokas, MH (reprint author), CCT CONICET, Inst Argentino Nivol Glaciol & Ciencias Ambiental, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina. EM mmasiokas@mendoza-conicet.gob.ar RI Christie, Duncan/Q-7114-2016 FU Argentinean Agency for the Promotion of Science and Technology [PICTR02-186]; FONDECYT (Chile) [PDA-24]; Inter American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) [CRN2047]; U.S. National Science Foundation [GEO-0452325] FX This research was supported by the Argentinean Agency for the Promotion of Science and Technology (grant PICTR02-186), FONDECYT grant PDA-24 (Chile), and the CRN2047 Project from the Inter American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI). The latter project is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (grant GEO-0452325). The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is an equal opportunity provider and employer. We are grateful to Guillermo Garcia Zamora and Departamento General de Irrigacion (Mendoza), Sub-secretaria de Recursos Hidricos (Buenos Aires), Erich Weidenslaufer and Fernando Vidal (Direccion General de Aguas, Chile), for providing the snow course and streamflow records used in this study. Richard Branham (IANIGLA-Mendoza) kindly provided assistance with the time series analysis routine used in the paper. The comments from three anonymous reviewers helped to improve the manuscript and are greatly appreciated. NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 7 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D05112 DI 10.1029/2011JD016748 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 908NW UT WOS:000301498100002 ER PT J AU Arca, M Sharma, BK Perez, JM Dolla, KM AF Arca, Mert Sharma, Brajendra K. Perez, Joseph M. Dolla, Kenneth M. TI Isothermal Thermogravimetric Analysis of Soybean Oil Oxidation Correlated to Thin Film Micro-Oxidation Test Methods SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; LOW-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; CHEMICAL-KINETICS MODEL; VEGETABLE-OILS; METHYL-ESTERS; DIESEL-ENGINE; STABILITY; ANTIOXIDANTS; BIODIESEL; PERFORMANCE AB An isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) method was used to generate a model capable of predicting the results of the Thin Film Micro-Oxidation (TFMO) test in a soybean oil system. Utilizing a series of pseudorate constants and "activation energies", weight loss data from the TGA method can predict oxidation, polymerization, evaporation, and the formation of high molecular weight deposits, normally observed in the TFMO test. These parameters can be used in simple computer simulations which can calculate the weight of each component of a lubricant as it decomposes. This allows evaluation of lubricants without the difficult to obtain TFMO equipment, instead utilizing equipment available in most laboratories. C1 [Arca, Mert; Dolla, Kenneth M.] ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Arca, Mert; Perez, Joseph M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sharma, Brajendra K.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Sustainable Technol Ctr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Dolla, KM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Kenneth.Doll@ars.usda.gov RI Arca, Mert/H-1392-2013 OI Arca, Mert/0000-0002-9467-9987 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD MAR 7 PY 2012 VL 51 IS 9 BP 3550 EP 3555 DI 10.1021/ie201696w PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 903EN UT WOS:000301099000004 ER PT J AU Whent, M Huang, HQ Xie, ZH Lutterodt, H Yu, L Fuerst, EP Morris, CF Yu, LL Luthria, D AF Whent, Monica Huang, Haiqiu Xie, Zhuohong Lutterodt, Herman Yu, Lu Fuerst, E. Patrick Morris, Craig F. Yu, Liangli (Lucy) Luthria, Devanand TI Phytochemical Composition, Anti-inflammatory, and Antiproliferative Activity of Whole Wheat Flour SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE wheat; anti-inflammatory; antiproliferative; HT-29 cells; phenolic acids; lutein; alpha-tocopherol ID ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES; FERULIC ACID; OXIDATIVE STRESS; VITAMIN-E; HEALTH-BENEFITS; PHENOLIC-ACID; BRAN; CANCER; INFLAMMATION; POLYPHENOLS AB Whole wheat flour from five wheat cultivars was evaluated for phenolic, carotenoid, and tocopherol compositions as well as anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities against HT-29 cells. The total ferulic acid content ranged from 452 to 731 mu g/g among the five cultivars and was primarily present in the insoluble-bound form. Lutein was the only carotenoid detected and ranged from 1.5 to 4.0 mu g/g, and alpha-tocopherol levels ranged from 12 to 61 mu g/g. Extracts of four cultivars demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity, measured as inhibition of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) mRNA expression; however, none of the extracts inhibited tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA expression, a second indicator of anti-inflammatory activity. Proliferation of HT-29 adenocarcinoma cells was inhibited by extracts from all cultivars at the dose of 100 mg botanical equivalent/mL. The cultivar WestBred 936 had the greatest antiproliferative activity at lower concentrations (20 and 50 mg botanical equivalent/mL), had the greatest anti-inflammatory effect against IL-1 beta, and also had the highest levels of ferulic acid and alpha-tocopherol. This research shows that whole wheat flours of these five cultivars varied significantly in their contents of phenolics, carotenoids, and alpha-tocopherol as well as in their anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative potentials, suggesting the possibility that wheat varieties can be selected based on potential health benefits. C1 [Whent, Monica; Huang, Haiqiu; Xie, Zhuohong; Lutterodt, Herman; Yu, Lu; Yu, Liangli (Lucy)] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fuerst, E. Patrick; Morris, Craig F.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Fuerst, E. Patrick; Morris, Craig F.] ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Luthria, Devanand] ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Yu, LL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM lyu5@umd.edu; Dave.Luthria@ars.usda.gov RI Xie, Zhuohong/E-4543-2012; Huang, Haiqiu/J-8856-2012; Xie, Zhuohong/P-3599-2014 OI Xie, Zhuohong/0000-0001-8009-3523 FU NIFA, AFRI [2009-02347] FX This research was supported, in part, by NIFA, AFRI Grant #2009-02347. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 7 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 9 BP 2129 EP 2135 DI 10.1021/jf203807w PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 903EM UT WOS:000301098900009 PM 22321109 ER PT J AU Liu, W Shaver, TM Balasa, A Ljungberg, MC Wang, XL Wen, S Nguyen, H Van den Veyver, IB AF Liu, Wei Shaver, Timothy M. Balasa, Alfred Ljungberg, M. Cecilia Wang, Xiaoling Wen, Shu Hoang Nguyen Van den Veyver, Ignatia B. TI Deletion of Porcn in Mice Leads to Multiple Developmental Defects and Models Human Focal Dermal Hypoplasia (Goltz Syndrome) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID POLARITY GENE PORCUPINE; MID/HINDBRAIN ORGANIZER; MOUSE EMBRYOS; X-CHROMOSOME; BETA-CATENIN; STEM-CELLS; MUTATIONS; SPECIFICATION; REGULATOR; SECRETION AB Background: Focal Dermal Hypoplasia (FDH) is a genetic disorder characterized by developmental defects in skin, skeleton and ectodermal appendages. FDH is caused by dominant loss-of-function mutations in X-linked PORCN. PORCN orthologues in Drosophila and mice encode endoplasmic reticulum proteins required for secretion and function of Wnt proteins. Wnt proteins play important roles in embryo development, tissue homeostasis and stem cell maintenance. Since features of FDH overlap with those seen in mouse Wnt pathway mutants, FDH likely results from defective Wnt signaling but molecular mechanisms by which inactivation of PORCN affects Wnt signaling and manifestations of FDH remain to be elucidated. Results: We introduced intronic loxP sites and a neomycin gene in the mouse Porcn locus for conditional inactivation. Porcn-ex3-7flox mice have no apparent developmental defects, but chimeric mice retaining the neomycin gene (Porcn-ex3-7Neo-flox) have limb, skin, and urogenital abnormalities. Conditional Porcn inactivation by EIIa-driven or Hprt-driven Cre recombinase results in increased early embryonic lethality. Mesenchyme-specific Prx-Cre-driven inactivation of Porcn produces FDH-like limb defects, while ectodermal Krt14-Cre-driven inactivation produces thin skin, alopecia, and abnormal dentition. Furthermore, cell-based assays confirm that human PORCN mutations reduce WNT3A secretion. Conclusions: These data indicate that Porcn inactivation in the mouse produces a model for human FDH and that phenotypic features result from defective WNT signaling in ectodermal-and mesenchymal-derived structures. C1 [Liu, Wei; Wang, Xiaoling; Wen, Shu; Van den Veyver, Ignatia B.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Balasa, Alfred] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Shaver, Timothy M.; Hoang Nguyen] Baylor Coll Med, Stem Cells & Regenerat Med Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Ljungberg, M. Cecilia; Van den Veyver, Ignatia B.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Jan & Dan Duncan Neurol Res Inst, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Liu, W (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM iveyver@bcm.edu OI Shaver, Timothy/0000-0002-3210-3691 FU March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation [6-FY08-268]; National Foundation for Ectodermal Dysplasias [27568]; National Institutes of Health [R01-AR059122]; Baylor College of Medicine Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center from Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [P30HD024064] FX Funding for this work was provided by The March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation (6-FY08-268), the National Foundation for Ectodermal Dysplasias (Research Grant 27568), and the National Institutes of Health (R01-AR059122). This project was also supported by the administrative, neuropathology, and mouse embryonic stem cell cores of the Baylor College of Medicine Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, award number P30HD024064 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development or the National Institutes of Health. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 6 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e32331 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0032331 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 928XD UT WOS:000303021100014 PM 22412863 ER PT J AU Wang, DJ Bradford, SA Harvey, RW Gao, B Cang, L Zhou, DM AF Wang, Dengjun Bradford, Scott A. Harvey, Ronald W. Gao, Bin Cang, Long Zhou, Dongmei TI Humic Acid Facilitates the Transport of ARS-Labeled Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles in Iron Oxyhydroxide-Coated Sand SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; ALIZARIN-RED-S; COLLOID TRANSPORT; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; IONIC STRENGTHS; DEPOSITION; CU; ADSORPTION; ATTACHMENT AB Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAP) have been widely used to remediate soil and wastewater contaminated with metals and radionuclides. However, our understanding of nHAP transport and fate is limited in natural environments that exhibit significant variability in solid and solution chemistry. The transport and retention kinetics of Alizarin red S (ARS)-labeled nHAP were investigated in water-saturated packed columns that encompassed a range of humic acid concentrations (HA, 0-10 mg L-1), fractional surface coverage of iron oxyhydroxide coatings on sand grains (lambda, 0-0.75), and pH (6.0-10.5). HA was found to have a marked effect on the electrokinetic properties of ARS-nHAP, and on the transport and retention of ARS-nHAP in granular media. The transport of ARS-nHAP was found to increase with increasing HA concentration because of enhanced colloidal stability and the reduced aggregate size. When HA = 10 mg L-1, greater ARS-nHAP attachment occurred with increasing 16 lambda A because of increased electrostatic attraction between negatively charged nanoparticles and positively charged iron oxyhydroxides, although alkaline conditions (pH 8.0 and 10.5) reversed the surface charge of the iron oxyhydroxides and therefore decreased deposition. The retention profiles of ARS-nHAP exhibited a hyperexponential shape for all test conditions, suggesting some unfavorable attachment conditions. Retarded breakthrough curves occurred in sands with iron oxyhydroxide coatings because of time-dependent occupation of favorable deposition sites. Consideration of the above effects is necessary to improve remediation efficiency of nHAP for metals and actinides in soils and subsurface environments. C1 [Wang, Dengjun; Cang, Long; Zhou, Dongmei] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Soil Environm & Pollut Remediat, Inst Soil Sci, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Bradford, Scott A.] Agr Res Serv, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Harvey, Ronald W.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Gao, Bin] Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Wang, Dengjun] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. RP Zhou, DM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Soil Environm & Pollut Remediat, Inst Soil Sci, 71 E Beijing Rd, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. EM dmzhou@issas.ac.cn RI Wang, Dengjun/H-3171-2012; Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013; Cang, Long/D-1155-2015; Gao, Bin/B-8027-2010 OI Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503; Gao, Bin/0000-0003-3769-0191 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41125007]; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture [Y052010027] FX We acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41125007) and Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture (Y052010027). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 38 TC 50 Z9 56 U1 15 U2 136 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 6 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2738 EP 2745 DI 10.1021/es203784u PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 902FJ UT WOS:000301023700036 PM 22316080 ER PT J AU Yochum, SE Bledsoe, BP David, GCL Wohl, E AF Yochum, Steven E. Bledsoe, Brian P. David, Gabrielle C. L. Wohl, Ellen TI Velocity prediction in high-gradient channels SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Velocity; Flow resistance; Steep channels; Step-pool; Mountain streams ID STEP-POOL STREAMS; FLOW RESISTANCE; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; MEDIAN FILTERS; ROUGHNESS; BED; GEOMETRY; HYDRAULICS; WASHINGTON; BOULDERS AB In 15 mountain stream reaches containing instream wood, we characterized velocity and flow resistance at bankfull through low flows. These data were: (1) used to assess the accuracy of previously published velocity prediction techniques for high-gradient channels; and (2) were combined with field data from other studies to develop general methodologies for predicting velocity and flow resistance in alluvial and mixed alluvial-bedrock channels both with and without step-forming instream wood. Velocity and flow resistance were poorly predicted by variables characterizing grain size and relative grain submergence. Conversely, methods based on detrended standard deviation of bed elevations (sigma(z)) and relative bedform submergence (h/sigma(z)) explained up to 84% of the variance in the measured flow resistance coefficients and 97% of the variance in dimensionless velocity. With an average velocity of 0.44 m/s for the collected measurements, velocity was predicted with RMS (root mean square) error as low as 0.071 m/s (16% of average) when discharge and bedform geometry is known and 0.10 m/s (23%) when only bedform geometry is known. Additionally, an empirical relationship indicates V/u* = h/sigma(z), supporting previously-published laboratory findings using a field-based dataset in complex high-gradient channels. Interactions between instream wood and clasts result in substantially enhanced step heights and flow resistance. This compound effect defies description by grain size and relative grain submergence. However, sigma(z) and h/sigma z quantify variability due to both clasts in combination with wood and clasts alone, providing relatively accurate predictions for the tested dataset and indicating substantial predictive capabilities in channels where bedforms are the primary source of flow resistance. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Yochum, Steven E.; Bledsoe, Brian P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [David, Gabrielle C. L.; Wohl, Ellen] Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Yochum, SE (reprint author), USDA, Natl Resources Conservat Serv, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg A,Ste 116, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM steven.yochum@co.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [EAR0608918]; US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service FX Appreciation is expressed to the National Science Foundation for funding (Grant Number EAR0608918), to the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service for additional funding, to the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station for hosting the research on the Fraser Experimental Forest, and to our field assistants Mark Hussey, Dan Dolan, and Lina Polvi. Appreciation is also expressed for helpful comments on this and related manuscripts by Sara Rathburn, Chester Watson, Francesco Comiti, Rob Ferguson, Phil Kaufmann, and an anonymous reviewer. Finally, the datasets provided by Francesco Comiti, William MacFarlane, and Janet Curran were much appreciated. NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 6 PY 2012 VL 424 BP 84 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.12.031 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 906EB UT WOS:000301326600007 ER PT J AU McManamay, RA Orth, DJ Dolloff, CA AF McManamay, Ryan A. Orth, Donald J. Dolloff, Charles A. TI Revisiting the homogenization of dammed rivers in the southeastern US SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrologic alteration; Flow classification; Dam regulation; Natural flow regime; Watershed disturbance ID ALTERED FLOW REGIMES; UNITED-STATES; HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; LAND-USE; STREAMFLOW; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; IMPACTS; DAMS AB For some time, ecologists have attempted to make generalizations concerning how disturbances influence natural ecosystems, especially river systems. The existing literature suggests that dams homogenize the hydrologic variability of rivers. However, this might insinuate that dams affect river systems similarly despite a large gradient in natural hydrologic character. In order to evaluate patterns in dam-regulated hydrology and associated ecological relationships, a broad framework is needed. Flow classes, or groups of streams that share similar hydrology, may provide a framework to evaluate the relative effects of dam regulation on natural flow dynamics. The purpose of this study was to use a regional flow classification as the foundation for evaluating patterns of hydrologic alteration due to dams and to determine if the response of rivers to regulation was specific to different flow classes. We used the US Geological Survey (USGS) database to access discharge information for 284 unregulated and 117 regulated gage records. For each record, we calculated 44 hydrologic statistics, including the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration. We used a sub-regional flow classification for eight states as a way to stratify unregulated and regulated streams into comparable units. In general, our results showed that dam regulation generally had stronger effects on hydrologic indices than other disturbances when models were stratified by flow class: however, the effects of urbanization, withdrawals, and fragmentation, at times, were comparable or exceeded the effects of dam regulation. In agreement with the existing literature, maximum flows, flow variability, and rise rates were lower whereas minimum flows and reversals were higher in dam regulated streams. However, the response of monthly and seasonal flows, flow predictability, and baseflows were variable depending on flow class membership. Principal components analysis showed that regulated streams occupied a larger multivariate space than unregulated streams, which suggests that dams may not homogenize all river systems, but may move them outside the bounds of normal river function. Ultimately, our results suggest that flow classes provide a suitable framework to generalize patterns in hydrologic alterations due to dam regulation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [McManamay, Ryan A.; Orth, Donald J.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fith & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Dolloff, Charles A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fith & Wildlife Conservat, USDA Forest Serv, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP McManamay, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Bldg 1504, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mcmanamayra@ornl.gov; dorth@vt.edu; adoll@vt.edu OI Orth, Donald/0000-0002-9236-0147 FU Cheoah Fund Board; USDA Forest Service; US Fish and Wildlife Service; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; NC Division of Water Resources-DENR; Alcoa Power FX This work was funded by the Cheoah Fund Board, a multi-agency collaboration between Alcoa Power, USDA Forest Service, US Fish and Wildlife Service, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, and the NC Division of Water Resources-DENR and other grants provided by the USDA Forest Service. We are thankful for the valuable input from Paul Angermeier and Emmanuel Frimpong regarding statistical procedures and study design. We are also thankful for useful comments by two anonymous reviewers that improved this manuscript. Assistance with stream gage data compilation and management was provided by Tyler Young and Adam Hart. NR 58 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 6 PY 2012 VL 424 BP 217 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.01.003 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 906EB UT WOS:000301326600018 ER PT J AU Dandekar, AM Gouran, H Ibanez, AM Uratsu, SL Aguero, CB McFarland, S Borhani, Y Feldstein, PA Bruening, G Nascimento, R Goulart, LR Pardington, PE Chaudhary, A Norvell, M Civerolo, E Gupta, G AF Dandekar, Abhaya M. Gouran, Hossein Ibanez, Ana Maria Uratsu, Sandra L. Agueero, Cecilia B. McFarland, Sarah Borhani, Yasmin Feldstein, Paul A. Bruening, George Nascimento, Rafael Goulart, Luiz R. Pardington, Paige E. Chaudhary, Anu Norvell, Meghan Civerolo, Edwin Gupta, Goutam TI An engineered innate immune defense protects grapevines from Pierce disease SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE disease protection; pathogen clearance; symptom suppression ID XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA STRAINS; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; NICOTIANA-TABACUM; QUALITY-CONTROL; PLANT-DISEASE; PEAR PGIP; RESISTANCE; DEGRADATION AB We postulated that a synergistic combination of two innate immune functions, pathogen surface recognition and lysis, in a protein chimera would lead to a robust class of engineered antimicrobial therapeutics for protection against pathogens. In support of our hypothesis, we have engineered such a chimera to protect against the Gram-negative Xylella fastidiosa (Xf), which causes diseases in multiple plants of economic importance. Here we report the design and delivery of this chimera to target the Xf subspecies fastidiosa (Xff), which causes Pierce disease in grapevines and poses a great threat to the wine-growing regions of California. One domain of this chimera is an elastase that recognizes and cleaves MopB, a conserved outer membrane protein of Xff. The second domain is a lytic peptide, cecropin B, which targets conserved lipid moieties and creates pores in the Xff outer membrane. A flexible linker joins the recognition and lysis domains, thereby ensuring correct folding of the individual domains and synergistic combination of their functions. The chimera transgene is fused with an amino-terminal signal sequence to facilitate delivery of the chimera to the plant xylem, the site of Xff colonization. We demonstrate that the protein chimera expressed in the xylem is able to directly target Xff, suppress its growth, and significantly decrease the leaf scorching and xylem clogging commonly associated with Pierce disease in grapevines. We believe that similar strategies involving protein chimeras can be developed to protect against many diseases caused by human and plant pathogens. C1 [Pardington, Paige E.; Chaudhary, Anu; Norvell, Meghan; Gupta, Goutam] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Dandekar, Abhaya M.; Gouran, Hossein; Ibanez, Ana Maria; Uratsu, Sandra L.; McFarland, Sarah; Borhani, Yasmin; Nascimento, Rafael] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Agueero, Cecilia B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Feldstein, Paul A.; Bruening, George] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Goulart, Luiz R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Civerolo, Edwin] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Gupta, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gxg@lanl.gov RI Nascimento, Rafael/E-2167-2011; Goulart, Luiz/G-7357-2012 OI Nascimento, Rafael/0000-0003-3650-9354; Goulart, Luiz/0000-0002-1803-4861 FU Pierce's Disease Control Board of the California Department of Food and Agriculture; US Department of Energy; US Department of Agriculture (USDA-ARS) [58-5302-4-544] FX This project was supported by funding from the Pierce's Disease Control Board of the California Department of Food and Agriculture (various awards to A. M. D., G. B., and P. A. F.), the US Department of Energy, and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA-ARS Agreement 58-5302-4-544). NR 35 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 36 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 6 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 10 BP 3721 EP 3725 DI 10.1073/pnas.1116027109 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 903LJ UT WOS:000301117700030 PM 22355130 ER PT J AU Sun, JH Chen, P AF Sun, Jianghao Chen, Pei TI Chromatographic fingerprint analysis of yohimbe bark and related dietary supplements using UHPLC/UV/MS SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Fingerprint; UHPLC; Yohimbe; Yohimbine; Dietary supplements ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ERECTILE-DYSFUNCTION; INDOLE ALKALOIDS; DIFFERENTIATION; PRODUCTS AB A practical ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method was developed for fingerprint analysis of and determination of yohimbine in yohimbe barks and related dietary supplements. Good separation was achieved using a Waters Acquity BEH C-18 column with gradient elution using 0.1% (v/v) aqueous ammonium hydroxide and 0.1% ammonium hydroxide in methanol as the mobile phases. The study is the first reported chromatographic method that separates corynanthine from yohimbine in yohimbe bark extract. The chromatographic fingerprint analysis was applied to the analysis of 18 yohimbe commercial dietary supplement samples. Quantitation of yohimbine, the traditional method for analysis of yohimbe barks, were also performed to evaluate the results of the fingerprint analysis. Wide variability was observed in fingerprints and yohimbine content among yohimbe dietary supplement samples. For most of the dietary supplements, the yohimbine content was not consistent with the label claims. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sun, Jianghao; Chen, Pei] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, P (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pei.chen@ars.usda.gov RI Sun, Jianghao/A-6134-2010 FU Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture; Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health FX This research is supported by the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and an Interagency Agreement with the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0731-7085 J9 J PHARMACEUT BIOMED JI J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. PD MAR 5 PY 2012 VL 61 BP 142 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.11.013 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 886NS UT WOS:000299861700020 PM 22221902 ER PT J AU Razowski, J Brown, JW AF Razowski, Jozef Brown, John W. TI Descriptions of new Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) reared from native fruit in Kenya SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Afrotropical Region; genitalia; host plants; moths; new genus; new species; systematics; USAID ID FEMALE FRENULUM; SOUTH-AFRICA; OLETHREUTINAE; MADAGASCAR; CATALOG; MUSEUM; GENERA AB One new genus, Concinocordis (Enarmoniini), and 13 new species, Phtheochroa aarviki (Cochylini), Endothenia ator (Bactrini), Concinocordis wilsonarum, Anthozela psychotriae (both Enarmoniini), Cosmetra podocarpivora, Cosmetra taitana, Gypsonoma scolopiae (all Eucosmini), Thaumatotibia salaciae, Cydia connara, Cydia sennae, Fulcrifera crotalariae, Stenentoma sorindeiae, and Thylacogaster garcinivora (all Grapholitini), are described and illustrated. All specimens of these new species were reared from native fruit in Kenya. Two new combinations are proposed, Cydia anthracotis (Meyrick) (transferred from "Laspeyresia") and Cosmetra nereidopa (Meyrick) (transferred from Sycacantha), and the female genitalia of Anthozela chrysoxantha Meyrick are illustrated for the first time. C1 [Razowski, Jozef] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Systemat & Expt Zool, Krakow, Poland. [Brown, John W.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Razowski, J (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Systemat & Expt Zool, Slawkowska 17, Krakow, Poland. EM razowski@isez.pan.krakow.pl; john.brown@ars.usdsa.gov NR 73 TC 3 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAR 5 PY 2012 IS 3222 BP 1 EP 27 PG 27 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 903MS UT WOS:000301121300001 ER PT J AU Selling, GW Woods, KK Biswas, A AF Selling, Gordon W. Woods, Kristen Kruger Biswas, Atanu TI Electrospun zein fibers using glyoxal as the crosslinking reagent SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE zein; glyoxal; electrospinning; fiber; crosslinking ID OPTICAL ROTATORY DISPERSION; CHEMICAL-MODIFICATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; WHEAT-PROTEIN; ALPHA-ZEIN; GLUTARALDEHYDE; TEMPERATURE; SECONDARY; FILMS AB After reaction of zein with glyoxal the resulting electrospun fibers have improved resistance to known zein solvents. Durable fibers with diameters of 0.6 mu m could be produced. The reaction between zein and glyoxal was carried out in acetic acid (AcOH) at temperatures between 25 and 60 degrees C at various lengths of time. Gelation would occur after higher extents of reaction. During the course of reaction, solution viscosity increased which increased the diameter of the electrospun fibers produced from these solutions. Gel electrophoresis showed increased molecular weight as the reaction progressed. When 6% glyoxal was allowed to react with zein at 25 degrees C for 6 h, the resulting fibers were durable to AcOH as spun. Other formulations required a second thermal treatment to provide solvent durable fabrics. Fibers displayed different secondary structure utilizing far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy. The infrared spectra displayed peaks in the C-O region supporting the reaction of glyoxal with hydroxyl groups present on zein. Zein fabrics incorporating glyoxal had modestly improved tensile strength. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012 C1 [Selling, Gordon W.; Woods, Kristen Kruger; Biswas, Atanu] ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Selling, GW (reprint author), ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM gordon.selling@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8995 EI 1097-4628 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD MAR 5 PY 2012 VL 123 IS 5 BP 2651 EP 2661 DI 10.1002/app.34657 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 862JE UT WOS:000298086200012 ER PT J AU Gundberg, CM Lian, JB Booth, SL AF Gundberg, Caren M. Lian, Jane B. Booth, Sarah L. TI Vitamin K-Dependent Carboxylation of Osteocalcin: Friend or Foe? SO ADVANCES IN NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-CARBOXYGLUTAMIC ACID; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; SERUM OSTEOCALCIN; PHYLLOQUINONE INTAKE; GLA-PROTEIN; UNDERCARBOXYLATED OSTEOCALCIN; DIETARY PHYLLOQUINONE; BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS; POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS; URINARY OSTEOCALCIN AB Osteocalcin originates from osteoblastic synthesis and is deposited into bone or released into circulation, where it correlates with histological measures of bone formation. The presence of 3 vitamin K-dependent gamma carboxyglutamic acid residues is critical for osteocalcin's structure, which appears to regulate the maturation of bone mineral. In humans, the percentage of the circulating osteocalcin that is not gamma-carboxylated (percent ucOC) is used as a biomarker of vitamin K status. In contrast, when ucOC is not corrected for total osteocalcin, the interpretation of this measure is confounded by osteoblastic activity, independent of vitamin K. Observational studies using percent ucOC have led to the conclusion that vitamin K insufficiency leads to age-related bone loss. However, clinical trials do not provide overall support for the suggestion that vitamin K supplementation of the general population will reduce bone loss or fracture risk More recently, results from in vitro and in vivo studies using animal models indicate that ucOC is an active hormone with a positive role in glucose metabolism. By inference, vitamin K, which decreases ucOC, would have a detrimental effect. However, in humans this hypothesis is not supported by the limited data available, nor is it supported by what has been established regarding osteocalcin chemistry. In summary, the specific function of osteocalcin in bone and glucose metabolism has yet to be elucidated. Adv. Nutr. 3: 149-157, 2012. C1 [Gundberg, Caren M.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Lian, Jane B.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. [Booth, Sarah L.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Gundberg, CM (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM caren.gundberg@yale.edu FU USDA Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707]; NIH [AR38460, P30 DK04735, 5R37DE012528] FX Supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement no. 58-1950-7-707 (S.L.B.) and NIH AR38460 and P30 DK04735 (C.M.G.) and 5R37DE012528 (J.B.L.). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. NR 97 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2161-8313 J9 ADV NUTR JI Adv. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 3 IS 2 BP 149 EP 157 DI 10.3945/an.112.001834 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 066KO UT WOS:000313219900004 PM 22516722 ER PT J AU Shearer, MJ Fu, XY Booth, SL AF Shearer, Martin J. Fu, Xueyan Booth, Sarah L. TI Vitamin K Nutrition, Metabolism, and Requirements: Current Concepts and Future Research SO ADVANCES IN NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-E GENOTYPE; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; CHYLOMICRON REMNANT CLEARANCE; HEPARAN-SULFATE PROTEOGLYCANS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS; EPOXIDE-REDUCTASE; HUMAN-MILK; PHYLLOQUINONE VITAMIN-K-1; LABELED PHYLLOQUINONE AB In 2001, the US Food and Nutrition Board concluded that there were insufficient data with which to establish a RDA for vitamin K, in large part because of a lack of robust endpoints that reflected adequacy of intake. Knowledge of the relative bioavailability of multiple vitamin K forms was also poor. Since then, stable isotope methodologies have been applied to the assessment of the bioavailability of the major dietary form of vitamin K in its free state and when incorporated into a plant matrix. There is a need for stable isotope studies with enhanced sensitivity to expand knowledge of the bioavailability, absorption, disposition, and metabolism of different molecular forms of vitamin K Another area for future research stems from evidence that common polymorphisms or haplotypes in certain key genes implicated in vitamin K metabolism might affect nutritional requirements. Thus far, much of this evidence is indirect via effects on warfarin dose requirements. In terms of clinical endpoints, vitamin K deficiency in early infancy continues to be a leading cause of intracranial bleeding even in developed countries and the reasons for its higher prevalence in certain Asian countries has not been solved. There is universal consensus for the need for vitamin K prophylaxis in newborns, but the effectiveness of any vitamin K prophylactic regimen needs to be based on sound nutritional principles. In contrast, there is still a lack of suitable biomarkers or clinical endpoints that can be used to determine vitamin K requirements among adults. Adv. Nutr. 3: 182-195, 2012. C1 [Shearer, Martin J.] Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, Ctr Haemostasis & Thrombosis, Haemostasis Res Unit, London, England. [Shearer, Martin J.] Kings Coll London, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Fu, Xueyan; Booth, Sarah L.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Shearer, MJ (reprint author), Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, Ctr Haemostasis & Thrombosis, Haemostasis Res Unit, London, England. EM martin.shearer@gstt.nhs.uk FU USDA, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707]; NIH [DK69341] FX Supported by the USDA, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement no. 58-1950-7-707, and the NIH (DK69341). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. NR 110 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2161-8313 J9 ADV NUTR JI Adv. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 3 IS 2 BP 182 EP 195 DI 10.3945/an.111.001800 PG 14 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 066KO UT WOS:000313219900008 PM 22516726 ER PT J AU Wyatt, VT Strahan, GD AF Wyatt, Victor T. Strahan, Gary D. TI Degree of Branching in Hyperbranched Poly(glycerol-co-diacid)s Synthesized in Toluene SO POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE diacids; hyper-branching; glycerol; polymers ID DENDRITIC POLYMERS; GLYCEROL; POLYESTERS; ACID; POLYMERIZATION; POLYGLYCEROLS; DENDRIMERS AB H-1 NMR and C-13 NMR spectrometry (1-dimensional and 2-dimensional) have been used to assign chemical resonances and determine the degrees of branching for polyesters synthesized by the Lewis acid (dibutyltin(IV) oxide)-catalyzed polycondensation of glycerol with either succinic acid (n (aliphatic chain length) = 2), glutaric acid (n = 3) or azelaic acid (n = 7) in quasi-melt solutions with toluene. When 1:1 and 2:1 (diacid: glycerol) molar ratios were used, it was found that the glutaric acid-derived polymers gave the highest degree of polymer branching (31.2%, 85.6%, respectively) after the 24 h reaction period followed by the succinic acid-derived polymers (39.4%, 41.9%, respectively) and the azelaic acid-derived polymers (9.9%, 13.9%, respectively). Reactions performed at reflux for 24 h resulted in a 70.8% and 56.7% decrease in degree of branching for succinic acid and glutaric acid-derived polyesters, respectively. There is no indication that degree of branching is significantly affected by the presence or absence of solvent according to the results obtained in this research. C1 [Wyatt, Victor T.; Strahan, Gary D.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Wyatt, VT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM victor.wyatt@ars.usda.gov; gary.strahan@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 23 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4360 J9 POLYMERS-BASEL JI Polymers PD MAR PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 396 EP 407 DI 10.3390/polym4010396 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 068HA UT WOS:000313355800018 ER PT J AU Ha, JM Abernathy, B Nelson, W Grant, D Wu, XL Nguyen, HT Stacey, G Yu, Y Wing, RA Shoemaker, RC Jackson, SA AF Ha, Jungmin Abernathy, Brian Nelson, William Grant, David Wu, Xiaolei Nguyen, Henry T. Stacey, Gary Yu, Yeisoo Wing, Rod A. Shoemaker, Randy C. Jackson, Scott A. TI Integration of the Draft Sequence and Physical Map as a Framework for Genomic Research in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and Wild Soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc.) SO G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS LA English DT Article DE FingerPrinted Contig; whole-genome sequencing; genome structure; genome evolution ID GENETIC-MAP; BAC; DIVERSITY; SHOTGUN; MAIZE; FPC; CONTIGS; ARACHNE; SYSTEM; MOUSE AB Soybean is a model for the legume research community because of its importance as a crop, densely populated genetic maps, and the availability of a genome sequence. Even though a whole-genome shotgun sequence and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries are available, a high-resolution, chromosome-based physical map linked to the sequence assemblies is still needed for whole-genome alignments and to facilitate map-based gene cloning. Three independent G. max BAC libraries combined with genetic and gene-based markers were used to construct a minimum tiling path (MTP) of BAC clones. A total of 107,214 clones were assembled into 1355 FPC (FingerPrinted Contigs) contigs, incorporating 4628 markers and aligned to the G. max reference genome sequence using BAC end-sequence information. Four different MTPs were made for G. max that covered from 92.6% to 95.0% of the soybean draft genome sequence (gmax1.01). Because our purpose was to pick the most reliable and complete MTP, and not the MTP with the minimal number of clones, the FPC map and draft sequence were integrated and clones with unpaired BES were added to build a high-quality physical map with the fewest gaps possible (http://soybase.org). A physical map was also constructed for the undomesticated ancestor (G. soja) of soybean to explore genome variation between G. max and G. soja. 66,028 G. soja clones were assembled into 1053 FPC contigs covering approximately 547 Mbp of the G. max genome sequence. These physical maps for G. max and its undomesticated ancestor, G. soja, will serve as a framework for ordering sequence fragments, comparative genomics, cloning genes, and evolutionary analyses of legume genomes. C1 [Abernathy, Brian; Jackson, Scott A.] Univ Georgia, Inst Plant Breeding Genet & Genom, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Ha, Jungmin] Purdue Univ, Interdisciplinary Life Sci Program, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Nelson, William; Yu, Yeisoo; Wing, Rod A.] Univ Arizona, Inst BIO5, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Grant, David; Shoemaker, Randy C.] USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wu, Xiaolei; Nguyen, Henry T.; Stacey, Gary] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Natl Ctr Soybean Biotechnol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Jackson, SA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Inst Plant Breeding Genet & Genom, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, 111 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM sjackson@uga.edu OI Wing, Rod/0000-0001-6633-6226 FU United Soybean Board [7268]; United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service; National Science Foundation [DBI-0501877, 082225] FX This work was supported in part by the United Soybean Board (Project 7268), the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, and the National Science Foundation (DBI-0501877 and 082225). NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2160-1836 J9 G3-GENES GENOM GENET JI G3-Genes Genomes Genet. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 2 IS 3 BP 321 EP 329 DI 10.1534/g3.111.001834 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 055XW UT WOS:000312452300001 PM 22413085 ER PT J AU Adhikari, TB Gurung, S Hansen, JM Jackson, EW Bonman, JM AF Adhikari, Tika B. Gurung, Suraj Hansen, Jana M. Jackson, Eric W. Bonman, J. Michael TI Association Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci in Spring Wheat Landraces Conferring Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Streak and Spot Blotch SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article ID CAMPESTRIS PV TRANSLUCENS; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; STAGONOSPORA-NODORUM BLOTCH; HEAD BLIGHT RESISTANCE; COCHLIOBOLUS-SATIVUS; BIPOLARIS-SOROKINIANA; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; MIXED-MODEL AB Bacterial leaf streak (BLS), caused by Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa (Smith et al.) Bragard et al., and spot blotch (SB), caused by Cochliobolus sativus (S. Ito & Kurib.) Drechs. ex Dastur, are two emerging diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). To achieve sustainable disease management strategies and reduce yield losses, identifying new genes that confer quantitative resistance would benefit resistance breeding efforts. The main objective of this study was to use association mapping (AM) with 832 polymorphic Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) markers to identify genomic regions associated with resistance to BLS and SB in 566 spring wheat landraces. From data analysis of this diverse panel of wheat accessions, we discovered five novel genomic regions significantly associated with resistance to BLS on chromosomes 1A, 4A, 4B, 6B, and 7D. Similarly, four genomic regions were found to be associated with resistance to SB on chromosomes 1A, 3B, 7B, and 7D. A high degree of linkage disequilibrium (LD) decayed over short genetic distance in the set of wheat accessions studied, and some of these genomic regions appear to be involved in multiple disease resistance (MDR). These results suggest that the AM approach provides a platform for discovery of resistance conditioned by multiple genes with quantitative effects, which could be validated and deployed in wheat breeding programs. C1 [Adhikari, Tika B.; Gurung, Suraj; Hansen, Jana M.] N Dakota State Univ, Dep Plant Pathol, NDSU Dep 7660, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Jackson, Eric W.; Bonman, J. Michael] USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Adhikari, TB (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dep Plant Pathol, NDSU Dep 7660, POB 6050, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM tadhikari31@yahoo.com FU North Dakota Wheat Commission; State Board of Agricultural Research and Education, North Dakota; USDA-ARS [58-5366-0-133] FX This research was partly supported by the North Dakota Wheat Commission, State Board of Agricultural Research and Education, North Dakota, and USDA-ARS specific cooperative agreement 58-5366-0-133. NR 80 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 27 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD MAR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2011.12.0032 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 058VF UT WOS:000312662200003 ER PT J AU Moyle, JR Yoho, DE Whipple, SM Donoghue, AM Bramwell, RK AF Moyle, J. R. Yoho, D. E. Whipple, S. M. Donoghue, A. M. Bramwell, R. K. TI Sperm production and testicular development of broiler breeder males reared on shortened growth cycles SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler breeder; fertility; sperm production ID LATE-FEATHERING CHICKENS; DOMESTIC-FOWL; BODY-WEIGHT; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; FEED RESTRICTION; AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR; PULLETS; FERTILITY; ALLOWANCE; RESPONSES AB Feed restriction is an important tool used in the rearing of broiler breeders to control growth and maintain BW. Feed restriction during the growing phase typically provides 60 to 80% less feed than the birds would consume if provided feed ad libitum, resulting in a perceived animal welfare issue. Because males are typically more rigorously feed restricted than females, this is thought to be especially stressful to the growing cockerels. During this time, the reproductive systems of the males are undergoing formative stages, and improper management can have lifelong effects on their reproductive performance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to rear males under feed management programs that would require less severe feed restriction while still rearing replacement breeder males to the recommended target BW of 3.060 kg at 24, 21, 18, 15, and 12 wk of age, respectively. Males were placed at 3-wk intervals so that all males were light stimulated on the same calendar date and at the same time and BW but at different ages. A total of 5 treatment groups were used, based on age of the male at light stimulation. All males were reared in the same light-controlled house at the University of Arkansas Research Farm. Males were light stimulated and testicular development, semen analysis, fertility, and mating activity were recorded for each group of males. To measure semen production, males were housed in individual cages, with 24 males from each treatment group tested. Males light stimulated at 18 wk of age had the highest semen volume (0.46 mL), followed by males light stimulated at 24 (0.31 mL), 15 (0.29 mL), 21 (0.27 mL) and 12 wk of age (0.27 mL), respectively. Sperm count per ejaculate was highest for the males light stimulated at 18 wk of age, followed by males light stimulated at 21, 24, 15, and 12 wk of age, respectively. Males that were 21 wk of age or older at the time of light stimulation responded quicker to light stimulation than did younger males. C1 [Moyle, J. R.; Yoho, D. E.; Whipple, S. M.; Bramwell, R. K.] Univ Arkansas, ARS, USDA, Poultry Sci Ctr,Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Donoghue, A. M.] Univ Arkansas, ARS, USDA, Poultry Sci Ctr,Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Un, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Moyle, JR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, ARS, USDA, Poultry Sci Ctr,Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM Jon.Moyle@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 21 IS 1 BP 88 EP 94 DI 10.3382/japr.2011-00363 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 029PY UT WOS:000310509100010 ER PT J AU Reynnells, R AF Reynnells, R. TI National Extension Workshop Washington update SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE animal welfare and behavior; multistate research committee; National Extension Workshop; National Institute of Food and Agriculture; Support Personnel Award AB Recipients of the 2011 Poultry Extension Special Recognition Award are Ken Anderson (North Carolina State University) and Ken Koelkebeck (University of Illinois), for their exceptional contributions to extension programs at the state, regional, and national levels. The National Poultry Extension Workshop has been provided since 1988 by the dedicated efforts of volunteers and supporters. Because of the recent reorganization of program portfolios and associated staff responsibilities, National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) staff will no longer be involved in the planning or organization of the Future Trends in Animal Agriculture Symposium or the Diverse Voices in Agriculture Seminar Series. The 2012 National Poultry Waste Management Symposium coordinator is Theresia Lavergne (Louisiana State University), and the 2013 Quadrennial Poultry Extension Workshop chair is Ken Macklin (Auburn University). All NIFA-related grants, deadlines, and procedures are on the NIFA website (http://www.nifa.usda.gov). The NIFA has annual internal and periodic (every 5 yr) external reviews of its portfolio. These reviews summarize and evaluate accomplishments reported in the Current Research Information System. Multistate research committees are essential to the success of the food animal system, and as in previous years, cooperation, networking, teamwork, and participation are essential to those efforts. Michigan State University continues to provide leadership in the coordination of the Animal Welfare Assessment Contest, which has been expanded to include graduate and veterinary students. The 2011 recipient of the Poultry Science Association Support Personnel Award, sponsored by Tyson Foods Inc., is John W. Anderson (The Ohio State University). C1 [Reynnells, R.] NIFA, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Reynnells, R (reprint author), POB 5433, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. EM Reynnells2@gmail.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 21 IS 1 BP 193 EP 200 DI 10.3382/japr.2011-00480 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 029PY UT WOS:000310509100022 ER PT J AU Richardson, JS Naiman, RJ Bisson, PA AF Richardson, John S. Naiman, Robert J. Bisson, Peter A. TI How did fixed-width buffers become standard practice for protecting freshwaters and their riparian areas from forest harvest practices? SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE forestry; riparian buffers; historical context; natural disturbance emulation ID BOREAL FOREST; STREAMS; MANAGEMENT; STRIPS; COMMUNITIES; GUIDELINES; HABITAT; METAANALYSIS; DISTURBANCE; WASHINGTON AB Riparian buffers provide improved protection for water quality and biota, and narrow, fixed-width buffers of native vegetation along streams have been used to mitigate the effects of forest harvest at least since the 1960s. The practice of leaving unmanaged strips of vegetation along water courses in agricultural lands had been used before the 1960s in southern Europe and in eastern North America, but the scientific basis for leaving riparian buffers on forested lands came from observations in the coastal temperate rainforests of western North America. Those observations often were applied to other forested landscapes without further considerations. Fixed-width buffers are administratively simple to implement and assess, and have come to be the norm for streamside protection from forestry. Most guidelines for streamside protection allow some local modification for site and watershed-scale considerations, but frequently, the option to deviate from fixed-width buffers is not exercised because of uncertainty about outcomes. Few experiments have been done to test the efficacy of buffers of a particular width or of site-or landscape-specific modifications. C1 [Richardson, John S.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Naiman, Robert J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bisson, Peter A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Richardson, JS (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM john.richardson@ubc.ca; naiman@uw.edu; pbisson@fs.fed.us RI Naiman, Robert /K-3113-2012 NR 45 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 5 U2 80 PU SOC FRESWATER SCIENCE PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 232 EP 238 DI 10.1899/11-031.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 021RY UT WOS:000309904300021 ER PT J AU Ewert, DN Hall, KR Wunderle, JM Currie, D Rockwell, SM Johnson, SB White, JD AF Ewert, David N. Hall, Kimberly R. Wunderle, Joseph M., Jr. Currie, Dave Rockwell, Sarah M. Johnson, Scott B. White, Jennifer D. TI DURATION AND RATE OF SPRING MIGRATION OF KIRTLAND'S WARBLERS SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAND BIRDS; NEW-WORLD; TRACKING; SPEED; CONNECTIVITY; GEOLOCATORS; TECHNOLOGY; SONGBIRD; MIGRANT; HABITAT AB The duration of migration of the endangered Kirtland's Warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii) has not been previously documented. We estimated the average duration of spring migration for live male Kirtland's Warblers by observing uniquely color-banded individuals at or near both the beginning and end of spring migration in Eleuthera, The Bahamas, and Michigan, respectively. We estimated the average duration of spring migration for these five individuals to have been no more than 15.8 days (range 13-23 days) and the average distance traveled to have been 144.5 km/day (96.1-169.1 km/day). Received 12 April 2011. Accepted 11 November 2011. C1 [Ewert, David N.; Hall, Kimberly R.] Nature Conservancy, Lansing, MI 48906 USA. [Wunderle, Joseph M., Jr.; Currie, Dave; White, Jennifer D.] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Sabana Field Res Stn, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. [Currie, Dave; Johnson, Scott B.; White, Jennifer D.] Puerto Rican Conservat Fdn, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Rockwell, Sarah M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Johnson, Scott B.] St Marys Coll Maryland, Dept Biol, St Marys City, MD 20686 USA. RP Ewert, DN (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, 101 E Grand River Ave, Lansing, MI 48906 USA. EM dewert@tnc.org FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Huron-Manistee National Forest; Michigan Department of Natural Resources for permission; International Program of the USDA Forest Service; Michigan Department of Natural Resources; Smithsonian Institution; The Nature Conservancy FX We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Huron-Manistee National Forest, and Michigan Department of Natural Resources for permission to enter Kirtland's Warbler Management units. The International Program of the USDA Forest Service, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Smithsonian Institution, and The Nature Conservancy funded our work. We greatly appreciate the efforts of Andrew Frazee, P. W. Huber, Samara Lawrentz, Ingeria Miller, Zeko McKenzie, Ray Perez, Michael Petrucha, Keith Philippe, J. R. Probst, Montara Roberts, Robert Slebodnik, S. J. Sjogren, Jim Stevens, Mark Thomas, and Jerry Weinrich who searched for early arriving color-banded birds in breeding areas. Joe Fargione, M. E. Herbert, Peter Kareiva, Krista Kirkham, Robert Lalasz, Christopher Rimmer, J. J. Nocera, Peter Weaver, and one anonymous reviewer provided suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. Sagar Mysorekar prepared the figure. The work was done in cooperation with the Bahamas National Trust, Puerto Rican Conservation Foundation, University of Puerto Rico, and the Kirtland's Warbler Recovery Team. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 25 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 124 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 005YN UT WOS:000308786100002 ER PT J AU Moorman, CE Bowen, LT Kilgo, JC Hanula, JL Horn, S Ulyshen, MD AF Moorman, Christopher E. Bowen, Liessa T. Kilgo, John C. Hanula, James L. Horn, Scott Ulyshen, Michael D. TI ARTHROPOD ABUNDANCE AND SEASONAL BIRD USE OF BOTTOMLAND FOREST HARVEST GAPS SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HABITAT USE; REGENERATING CLEARCUTS; INSECTIVOROUS BIRDS; HARDWOOD FOREST; CANOPY GAPS; FALL; WARBLERS; INSECTS; SIZE; POPULATIONS AB We investigated the influence of arthropod abundance and vegetation structure on shifts in avian use of canopy gap, gap edge, and surrounding forest understory in a bottomland hardwood forest in the Upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina. We compared captures of foliage-gleaning birds among locations during four periods (spring migration, breeding, post-breeding, and fall migration). Foliage arthropod densities were greatest in the forest understory in all four seasons, but understory vegetation density was greatest in gaps. Foliage-gleaning bird abundance was positively associated with foliage-dwelling arthropods during the breeding (F = 18.5, P < 0.001) and post-breeding periods (F = 9.4, P = 0.004), and negatively associated with foliage-dwelling arthropods during fall migration (F = 5.4, P = 0.03). Relationships between birds and arthropods were inconsistent, but the arthropod prey base seemed to be least important during migratory periods. Conversely, bird captures were positively correlated with understory vegetation density during all four periods (P < 0.001). Our study suggests high bird abundance associated with canopy gaps during the non-breeding period resulted less from high arthropod food resource availability than from complex understory and midstory vegetation structure. Received 25 January 2011. Accepted 8 August 2011. C1 [Moorman, Christopher E.; Bowen, Liessa T.] N Carolina State Univ, Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol Program, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kilgo, John C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. [Hanula, James L.; Horn, Scott; Ulyshen, Michael D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Moorman, CE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol Program, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Campus Box 7646, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM chris_moorman@ncsu.edu FU USDA; CSREES National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program [00-35101-9307]; North Carolina State University; USDA, Forest Service Southern Research Station FX Financial support for this project was provided by the USDA, CSREES National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program (Award # 00-35101-9307), North Carolina State University, and the USDA, Forest Service Southern Research Station. We thank the U.S. Department of Energy-Savannah River for providing access to the study site and the USDA, Forest Service-Savannah River for logistical support with a special thanks to J. I. Blake and E. G. Olson. We thank W. P. Smith for invaluable assistance during early phases of the research. R. A. Lancia, D. J. Robison, and T. R. Simons reviewed earlier drafts of this manuscript. We are grateful for field assistance from T. B. Champlin, S. M. Junker, K. M. Mack, and D. E. Westerman, and for statistical assistance from M. L. Gumpertz and S. B. Donaghy. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 12 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 124 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 005YN UT WOS:000308786100005 ER PT J AU Young, SA Hung, SC Anderson, WHK Albers, DR Langhorst, ML Yokoyama, W AF Young, Scott A. Hung, Shao-Ching Anderson, William H. K. Albers, David R. Langhorst, Marsha L. Yokoyama, Wallace TI Effects of cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose on glucose metabolism and obesity in a diet-induced obesity mouse model SO JOURNAL OF DIABETES LA English DT Article DE diabetes mellitus; diet-induced obese mice; insulin resistance; metabolic syndrome; soluble dietary fiber ID HIGH-FAT DIET; PLASMA LEPTIN; HYDROXYPROPYL METHYLCELLULOSE; BILE-ACID; CHOLESTEROL; MICE; HAMSTERS; ADIPONECTIN; FIBER; VISCOSITY AB Background: To investigate the effect of a new soluble fiber, namely cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose (cHEC), on weight loss and metabolic disorders associated with obesity using a high-fat diet-induced obese mouse model. Methods: Obese male C57BL/6J (B6) mice were fed high-fat (60% kcal) diets supplemented with cHEC for 5 weeks. Body weight, energy intake, mesenteric adipose and liver weights, plasma cholesterol, plasma insulin, glucose, adiponectin, and leptin were assessed to determine the effects of cHEC. Hepatic and fecal lipids were also analyzed to investigate the effect of cHEC on lipid absorption and metabolism. Results: Supplementation of the high-fat diet with cHEC resulted in significant weight loss in obese mice. In addition, significant decreases were seen in mesenteric adipose and liver weights, as well as concentrations of plasma cholesterol and hepatic lipids. A significant improvement in glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and leptin concentrations were observed at 4% cHEC. Moreover, increases in fecal excretion of total bile acids, sterols, and fats indicated altered fat absorption when cHEC was supplemented in the diet. Conclusions: We have shown in the present study that cHEC reduces body weight, improves insulin sensitivity, and prevents the development of metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, the effects of cHEC on glucose and lipid homeostasis in B6 mice are mediated by improvements in leptin sensitivity resulting from reduced fat absorption. C1 [Young, Scott A.] Dow Chem Co USA, Analyt Sci, Midland, MI 48667 USA. [Yokoyama, Wallace] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA USA. RP Young, SA (reprint author), Dow Chem Co USA, Analyt Sci, 1897 Bldg E24, Midland, MI 48667 USA. EM SAYoung@dow.com FU The Dow Chemical Company; USDA, Agricultural Research Service (Albany, CA, USA) FX No part of this work has been published before. The Dow Chemical Company is currently not marketing cHEC commercially as a treatment for diabetes or obesity. This work was supported, in part, by a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between The Dow Chemical Company and USDA, Agricultural Research Service (Albany, CA, USA). S.A. Young, S.-C. Hung, W.H.K. Anderson, D.R. Albers, and M.L. Langhorst are employed by The Dow Chemical Company; W. Yokoyama is employed by the USDA. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1753-0393 EI 1753-0407 J9 J DIABETES JI J. Diabetes PD MAR PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 85 EP 94 DI 10.1111/j.1753-0407.2011.00157.x PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 982SQ UT WOS:000307066100014 PM 21895999 ER PT J AU Bauermann, FV Flores, EF Ridpath, JF AF Bauermann, Fernando V. Flores, Eduardo F. Ridpath, Julia F. TI Antigenic relationships between Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and 2 and HoBi virus: Possible impacts on diagnosis and control SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HoBi-like; vaccines; virus neutralization ID VIRAL DIARRHEA-VIRUS; GENETIC-HETEROGENEITY; ATYPICAL PESTIVIRUS; CAPTURE ELISA; BVD CONTROL; CATTLE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; CLASSIFICATION; INFECTION; GENOTYPES AB The emergence of a newly recognized group of pestiviruses in cattle, the HoBi-like viruses, requires an evaluation of the available diagnostic tools and vaccines. The present study compared antigenic characteristics of Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and 2 (BVDV-1, -2) strains and HoBi virus. This comparison was based on detection of HoBi virus and antibodies against it by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and the level of cross-neutralizing antibodies present in sera from animals vaccinated with BVDV. Reactivity with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) revealed greater cross-reactivity between BVDV species (BVDV-1, -2) and HoBi epitopes within E-rns and NS2/3 proteins than between epitopes located in the E2 glycoprotein. The results suggest that a diagnostic test designed to detect both BVDV species and HoBi could be based on E-rns or NS2/3 epitopes, while variation among E2 epitopes could be exploited in tests for differentiation of pestivirus species. The threshold of detection of HoBi virus by an antigen-capture ELISA kit based on detection of E-rns was statistically similar to that for BVDV. In contrast, 2 commercial ELISA kits designed to detect antibodies against BVDV missed 22.2% and 77.7%, respectively, of serum samples harboring HoBi virus-neutralizing antibodies. In addition, sera of calves vaccinated with BVDV-1 and -2 presented low neutralizing activity against HoBi virus. The results demonstrate that in spite of antigenic similarities, HoBi virus is antigenically distinct from both BVDV species. Detection and control of HoBi virus infections in cattle would thus require the development of new diagnostic reagents and reformulation of current vaccines. C1 [Ridpath, Julia F.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Bauermann, Fernando V.; Flores, Eduardo F.] Univ Fed Santa Maria, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Virus Sect, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. RP Ridpath, JF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 1920 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM julia.ridpath@ars.usda.gov RI flores, eduardo/H-5125-2016 FU Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Portions of this work were supported by Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES). NR 29 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 24 IS 2 BP 253 EP 261 DI 10.1177/1040638711435144 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 983JB UT WOS:000307114500001 PM 22379042 ER PT J AU Davis, TZ Stegelmeier, BL Panter, KE Cook, D Gardner, DR Hall, JO AF Davis, T. Zane Stegelmeier, Bryan L. Panter, Kip E. Cook, Daniel Gardner, Dale R. Hall, Jeffery O. TI Toxicokinetics and pathology of plant-associated acute selenium toxicosis in steers SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Acute selenosis; cattle; selenium elimination; selenium toxicosis ID SODIUM SELENITE; ASTRAGALUS-BISULCATUS; INORGANIC SELENIUM; SELENIFEROUS AREA; DIETARY SELENIUM; TOXICITY; ACCUMULATION; SELENOSIS; CATTLE; CALVES AB Sixteen of approximately 500 yearling steers died of acute selenium (Se) toxicosis after grazing on a Se-contaminated range for only a few days. Field studies and chemical analyses identified the predominant toxic plant as western aster (Symphyotrichum ascendens, previously Aster ascendens), which contained over 4,000 ppm Se (dry weight). Several dead animals that were necropsied had acute severe myocardial necrosis characterized by edema and myocyte swelling, with hypereosinophilia, clumping, and coagulation of myocardial proteins. Whole blood from 36 surviving steers was collected and analyzed, and 10 steers with elevated Se concentrations were selected for close monitoring and clinical evaluations. Each steer was weighed, and serum, blood, liver, skeletal muscle, and hair were regularly collected after removal from the Se-contaminated range. One animal that died 18 days after exposure was necropsied and exhibited severe multifocal myocardial fibrosis with extensive hepatic congestion, degeneration, and hemosiderosis. At 180 days postexposure, 2 of the 10 steers were euthanized, and tissue samples were collected. Both steers had rare, small fibrotic foci in their hearts. The Se elimination half-lives from serum, whole blood, liver, and muscle of the recovering steers were 40.5 +/- 8.2, 115.6 +/- 25.1, 38.2 +/- 5.0, and 98.5 +/- 19.1 days, respectively. The Se concentration in hair reached a peak of 11.5 +/- 5.3 ppm at 22 days postexposure. The findings indicate that cattle are sensitive to acute Se toxicosis caused by ingestion of Se-accumulator plants, with myocardial necrosis as the primary lesion. Some poisoned animals may develop congestive heart failure weeks after the toxic exposure, and in the current study, Se was slowly excreted requiring a relatively long withdrawal time. C1 [Davis, T. Zane; Stegelmeier, Bryan L.; Panter, Kip E.; Cook, Daniel; Gardner, Dale R.] ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Hall, Jeffery O.] Utah State Univ, Vet Diagnost Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Davis, TZ (reprint author), ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, 1150 1400 N, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM Zane.Davis@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 24 IS 2 BP 319 EP 327 DI 10.1177/1040638711435407 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 983JB UT WOS:000307114500011 PM 22379047 ER PT J AU Emery, MP Ostlund, EN Schmitt, BJ AF Emery, Michelle P. Ostlund, Eileen N. Schmitt, Beverly J. TI Comparison of Q fever serology methods in cattle, goats, and sheep SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Complement fixation; Coxiella burnetii; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ruminants ID COXIELLA-BURNETII; TESTS AB Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular bacterium that is responsible for the zoonotic disease Q fever. The distribution of this agent is worldwide except for New Zealand, and infection can be asymptomatic in both human beings and animals. Chronic exposures can produce abortions, stillbirths, and infertility issues in animals and endocarditis in human beings. A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit marketed in the European Union was purchased to compare C. burnetii antibody detection methods. The current study examined the agreement of ELISA and complement fixation results in over 668 diagnostic ruminant sera submitted to the National Veterinary Services Laboratories for Q fever serologic testing. The majority of combined sera (548) were negative on both tests. Fifty-seven of the combined sera were positive on both tests. There were 45 combined sera with low complement fixation titers at 1:10 and negative ELISA results. The results were surprising given the expectations that ELISA methods, by nature, amplify detection of antibody-antigen interactions leading to higher sensitivity. Potential mechanisms for these discrepant results are discussed. C1 [Emery, Michelle P.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Emery, MP (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Michelle.P.Emery@aphis.usda.gov NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 24 IS 2 BP 379 EP 382 DI 10.1177/1040638711434943 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 983JB UT WOS:000307114500022 PM 22362532 ER PT J AU Hessman, BE Sjeklocha, DB Fulton, RW Ridpath, JF Johnson, BJ McElroy, DR AF Hessman, Bill E. Sjeklocha, David B. Fulton, Robert W. Ridpath, Julia F. Johnson, Bill J. McElroy, Diana R. TI Acute bovine viral diarrhea associated with extensive mucosal lesions, high morbidity, and mortality in a commercial feedlot SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Acute infection; Bovine viral diarrhea virus; mucosal disease; mucosal ulceration; persistent infection; transient infection; ulcerative esophagitis ID VIRUS DIARRHEA; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; CATTLE; PREVALENCE; ANTIGEN; DISEASE; CALVES; TYPE-2; 1B AB In 2008, a northwest Texas feedlot underwent an outbreak of Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causing high morbidity and mortality involving 2 lots of calves (lots A and B). Severe mucosal surface lesions were observed grossly in the oral cavity, larynx, and esophagus. Mucosal lesions varied from small (1-3 mm) infrequent mucosal ulcerations to large (5 mm to 1 cm) and coalescing ulcerations. Necrotic debris was present in ulcerations of some mortalities with some having plaque-like debris, but other mortalities presented more proliferative lesions. A calf persistently infected with BVDV arrived with one lot and the isolated virus was genotyped as BVDV-1b. Identical BVDV-1b strains were isolated from 2 other mortalities. A BVDV-2a genotype was also isolated in this outbreak. This genotype was identical to all BVDV-2a strains isolated in both lots. Serum samples were collected from exposed and unexposed animals and tested for antibodies for multiple viral pathogens. Seropositivity ranged from zero percent for calicivirus to 100% positive to Pseudocowpox virus. At the end of the feeding period, the morbidity and mortality for the 2 lots involved was 76.2% and 30.8%, respectively, for lot A, and 49.0% and 5.6%, respectively, for lot B. Differential diagnoses included vesicular stomatitis viruses, Bovine papular stomatitis virus, and Foot-and-mouth disease virus. Based on the present case, acute BVDV should be considered when mucosal lesions are observed grossly. C1 [Hessman, Bill E.; Sjeklocha, David B.] Haskell Cty Anim Hosp, Sublette, KS 67877 USA. [Fulton, Robert W.; Johnson, Bill J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Johnson, Bill J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Oklahoma Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Ridpath, Julia F.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. [McElroy, Diana R.] Nortex Feeders, Dalhart, TX USA. RP Hessman, BE (reprint author), Haskell Cty Anim Hosp, POB 876, Sublette, KS 67877 USA. EM hcah@wbsnet.org FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Diagnostic Virology Laboratory FX The authors would like to thank the management and staff of Nortex Feeders of Dalhart, Texas for their assistance with this case presentation, as well as the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Diagnostic Virology Laboratory for their prompt action and support. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 24 IS 2 BP 397 EP 404 DI 10.1177/1040638711436244 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 983JB UT WOS:000307114500026 PM 22379057 ER PT J AU Dees, WH Sylvester, TL Clark, BM Canning, LD Schultz, GW Kline, DL AF Dees, William H. Sylvester, Terry L. Clark, Benjamin M. Canning, Linda D. Schultz, George W. Kline, Daniel L. TI AN INNOVATIVE MOSQUITO TRAP FOR TESTING ATTRACTANTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Mosquito trap; light trap; semiochemicals; insect attractants; surveillance ID NORTH CENTRAL FLORIDA; CARBON-DIOXIDE; 1-OCTEN-3-OL; LIGHT AB We describe a simple trap modification for testing volatile attractants to collect flying mosquitoes. The trap uses a standard Centers for Disease Control and Prevention trap modified for release of test chemicals. Test chemicals and other materials can be added and removed easily without spills or cross contamination. In preliminary studies using lactic acid and octenol, modified traps collected 40% more mosquitoes than controls (n = 164 and n = 117, respectively). Modifications cost less than $2.00 per trap. C1 [Dees, William H.; Sylvester, Terry L.; Clark, Benjamin M.; Canning, Linda D.] McNeese State Univ, Dept Biol & Hlth Sci, Lake Charles, LA 70609 USA. [Kline, Daniel L.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Dees, WH (reprint author), McNeese State Univ, Dept Biol & Hlth Sci, Box 92000, Lake Charles, LA 70609 USA. FU Shearman Initiative Research Fund; Alumni Association Faculty Development Award Program; McNeese State University; Louisiana Mosquito Control Association FX The authors thank Jill Hightower, Scott Willis, and Lucas Terracina, Calcasieu Parish Department of Mosquito and Rodent Control, Lake Charles, LA, for their assistance and support, and Richard Hopes for the use of his property. This project was funded by the Shearman Initiative Research Fund and the Alumni Association Faculty Development Award Program, McNeese State University, and the Louisiana Mosquito Control Association. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 28 IS 1 BP 62 EP 64 DI 10.2987/11-6201.1 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 973II UT WOS:000306353400014 PM 22533089 ER PT J AU Aldridge, RL Wynn, WW Britch, SC Linthicum, KJ AF Aldridge, Robert L. Wynn, W. Wayne Britch, Seth C. Linthicum, Kenneth J. TI ASPIRATOR GUN FOR HIGH-THROUGHPUT MOSQUITO BIOASSAYS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Mosquito; arthropod; insect; aspirator; suction ID BARRIER TREATMENTS; INSECTS; ARTHROPODS AB We describe an innovative aspirator gun designed to transfer individual anesthetized mosquitoes directly into glass bioassay tubes. The gun has been used for thousands of transfers with extremely low associated mortality and is the central component of a high-throughput bioassay system. The gun is constructed using readily obtainable materials and can be modified for a range of insects. C1 [Aldridge, Robert L.; Wynn, W. Wayne; Britch, Seth C.; Linthicum, Kenneth J.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Aldridge, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. FU US Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service; US Department of Defense (DoD) Deployed War-Fighter Protection Program (DWFP) FX This research was supported by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service and the US Department of Defense (DoD) Deployed War-Fighter Protection Program (DWFP). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA or the DoD. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 28 IS 1 BP 65 EP 68 DI 10.2987/11-6195.1 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 973II UT WOS:000306353400015 PM 22533090 ER PT J AU Post, R Haven, J Maniscalco, S AF Post, Robert Haven, Jackie Maniscalco, Shelley TI Putting MyPlate to Work for Nutrition Educators SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Post, Robert; Haven, Jackie; Maniscalco, Shelley] USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Nutr Mkt & Commun Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Post, R (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Nutr Mkt & Commun Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1499-4046 J9 J NUTR EDUC BEHAV JI J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 44 IS 2 BP 98 EP 99 PG 2 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 969OM UT WOS:000306065000003 PM 22374269 ER PT J AU Dave, JM Evans, AE Condrasky, MD Williams, JE AF Dave, Jayna M. Evans, Alexandra E. Condrasky, Marge D. Williams, Joel E. TI Parent-reported Social Support for Child's Fruit and Vegetable Intake: Validity of Measures SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE child; parents; diet ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; CONSUMPTION; BEHAVIORS; FAMILY; ADOLESCENTS; ENVIRONMENT; AFRICAN; SCHOOLCHILDREN; SOCIALIZATION AB Objective: To develop and validate measures of parental social support to increase their child's fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption. Design: Cross-sectional study design. Setting: School and home. Participants: Two hundred three parents with at least 1 elementary school-aged child. Main Outcome Measure: Parents completed a questionnaire that included instrumental social support scale (ISSPS), emotional social support scale (ESSPS), household FV availability and accessibility index, and demographics. Analysis: Exploratory factor analysis with promax rotation was conducted to obtain the psychometric properties of ISSPS and ESSPS. Internal consistency and test-retest reliabilities were also assessed. Results: Factor analysis indicated a 4-factor model for ESSPS: positive encouragement, negative role modeling, discouragement, and an item cluster called reinforcement. Psychometric properties indicated that ISSPS performed best as independent single scales with alpha - .87. Internal consistency reliabilities were acceptable, and test-retest reliabilities ranged from low to acceptable. Correlations between scales, subscales, and item clusters were significant (P<.05). In addition, ISSPS and the positive encouragement subscale were significantly correlated with household FV availability. Conclusions and Implications: The ISSPS and ESSPS subscales demonstrated good internal consistency reliability and are suitable for impact assessment of an intervention designed to target parents to help their children eat more fruit and vegetables. C1 [Dave, Jayna M.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Evans, Alexandra E.] Univ Texas Austin, Michael & Susan Dell Ctr Advancement Healthy Livi, Sch Publ Hlth, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Condrasky, Marge D.] Clemson Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Clemson, SC USA. [Williams, Joel E.] Clemson Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Clemson, SC USA. [Dave, Jayna M.] Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Dave, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM jmdave@bcm.edu NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1499-4046 J9 J NUTR EDUC BEHAV JI J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 44 IS 2 BP 132 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.jneb.2011.07.002 PG 8 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 969OM UT WOS:000306065000008 PM 22230473 ER PT J AU Connell, CL Zoellner, JM Yadrick, MK Chekuri, SC Crook, LB Bogle, ML AF Connell, Carol L. Zoellner, Jamie M. Yadrick, M. Kathleen Chekuri, Srinivasa C. Crook, Lashaundrea B. Bogle, Margaret L. TI Energy Density, Nutrient Adequacy, and Cost per Serving Can Provide Insight into Food Choices in the Lower Mississippi Delta SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE price per serving; nutrient adequacy; energy density; food store survey ID DIET QUALITY; OBESITY; ADULTS; COMMUNITIES; VEGETABLES; FRUITS; ACCESS; HEALTH; STORES AB Objective: To compare differences across food groups for food cost, energy, and nutrient profiles of 100 items from a cross-sectional survey of 225 stores in 18 counties across the Lower Mississippi Delta of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Methods: Energy, nutrient, and cost profiles for food items were calculated by using Naturally Nutrient Rich methodology and converting price per 100 g edible portion to price per serving. Foods were grouped into 6 food groups. Mean differences were compared with ANOVA. Results: Significant differences existed by food group for each measure. Energy density was highest for fats/oils/sweets, whereas nutrient density was highest for vegetables. Price per serving was lowest for fats/oils/sweets and highest for meats. Conclusions and Implications: Educational messages focusing on a complete diet should consider the role of food costs and provide specific recommendations for increasing nutrient-dense foods by replacing a portion of the meat serving at meals with culturally acceptable lower-cost nutrient-dense foods. C1 [Connell, Carol L.; Yadrick, M. Kathleen; Crook, Lashaundrea B.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Nutr & Food Syst, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Zoellner, Jamie M.] Virginia Tech Univ, Dept Human Nutr Foods & Exercise, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Bogle, Margaret L.] ARS, Delta Obes Prevent Res Unit, USDA, Little Rock, AR USA. RP Connell, CL (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Nutr & Food Syst, 118 Coll Dr 5172, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM carol.connell@usm.edu FU USDA/ARS [6251-53000-004-00D] FX We acknowledge members of the Community Assessment working group of the Lower Mississippi Delta Nutrition Intervention Research Initiative consortium who participated in the conceptualization, design, and implementation of the LMD food store survey. Supported by USDA/ARS project 6251-53000-004-00D; there are no known conflicts of interest. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1499-4046 J9 J NUTR EDUC BEHAV JI J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 44 IS 2 BP 148 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.jneb.2011.02.003 PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 969OM UT WOS:000306065000010 PM 21907624 ER PT J AU Reed, S Epsky, ND Heath, RR Joseph, R AF Reed, Stewart Epsky, Nancy D. Heath, Robert R. Joseph, Ricardo TI Evaluation Of Composted Insect Rearing Waste As A Potting Substrate For Radish, Squash And Green Bean SO COMPOST SCIENCE & UTILIZATION LA English DT Article ID GROWING MEDIA; VERMICOMPOSTS; GROWTH; POPULATIONS; YIELDS AB A study was initiated to determine the potential for composted solid and semi-solid insect rearing waste as a growth substrate for plants. The substrate consisted of fruit fly colony waste (CW) prepared by washing an agar-based larval diet through a vermiculite pupation substrate, which was then composted for six weeks prior to use. Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) was grown in either a commercial potting mixture or blends of colony waste (CW) and equal parts compost plus peat (CP). Squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) was grown in different ratios of CW:sand (S) mixtures. Mixes of 80:20 and 100:0 CW:CP had radish germination rates equal to the commercial mix. Radish shoot dry weights from 80, 60 and 40% CW were higher than those from the commercial mix. Squash grown in 20% CW had the highest shoot and root dry weights. No substance in the CW appeared to be detrimental to plant growth. Composted insect rearing waste is a material rich in nutrients and suitable for inclusion in a potting mixture. A mixture of peat and 30-70% CW resulted in plant performance greater than or equal to that observed with a commercial mix. C1 [Reed, Stewart; Epsky, Nancy D.; Heath, Robert R.] ARS, USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL USA. [Joseph, Ricardo] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Reed, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL USA. EM sreed@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 1065-657X J9 COMPOST SCI UTIL JI Compost Sci. Util. PD SPR PY 2012 VL 20 IS 2 BP 87 EP 91 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 964QG UT WOS:000305711200005 ER PT J AU Thayer, CA Gilley, JE Durso, LM Marx, DB AF Thayer, C. A. Gilley, J. E. Durso, L. M. Marx, D. B. TI WHEAT STRIP EFFECTS ON NUTRIENT LOADS FOLLOWING VARIABLE MANURE APPLICATIONS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Filter strips; Land application; Manure management; Manure runoff; Nitrogen; Nutrients; Phosphorus; Runoff; Vegetative filters; Water quality ID GRASS HEDGES; ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENTS; RAINFALL SIMULATOR; OVERLAND-FLOW; PLOT-SCALE; RUNOFF; EROSION; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; TRANSPORT AB Vegetative filters have been found to significantly reduce nutrient loads in runoff This study was conducted to: (1) evaluate the effects of a narrow wheat strip, varying manure application rates, and different overland flow rates on runoff nutrient loads following application of beef cattle manure; (2) determine the upper capacity of a narrow wheat strip to reduce nutrient loads by applying excessive amounts of manure; and (3) compare the effectiveness of narrow wheat strips and grass hedges in reducing runoff nutrient loads. A 1.4 m wide strip of actively growing winter wheat was located at the bottom of selected 0.75 m wide by 4.0 m long plots. Three 30 min simulated rainfall events, separated by 24 h intervals, were applied at an intensity of 70 mm h(-1) to the plots. The wheat strips were effective in reducing runoff loads of NO3-N, NH4-N, and total nitrogen (TN). Runoff loads of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DP), particulate phosphorus (PP), total phosphorus (TP), NH4-N, and TN were significantly influenced by manure application rate. The application of manure to meet a 2-year rather than a 1-year corn P requirement did not significantly increase DP PP, or TP loads. However application of manure to meet a 4-year P requirement resulted in DP PP and TP loads that were significantly greater than those obtained for a 2-year P requirement. Runoff rate significantly affected each of the measured water quality parameters. The actively growing wheat strips were much less effective than grass hedges in reducing runoff nutrient loads. C1 [Gilley, J. E.; Durso, L. M.] Univ Nebraska, ARS, USDA, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Thayer, C. A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Marx, D. B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Gilley, JE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, ARS, USDA, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Room 251,Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM John.Gilley@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 55 IS 2 BP 439 EP 449 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 951SV UT WOS:000304741200012 ER PT J AU O'Shaughnessy, SA Evett, SR Colaizzi, PD Howell, TA AF O'Shaughnessy, S. A. Evett, S. R. Colaizzi, P. D. Howell, T. A. TI GRAIN SORGHUM RESPONSE TO IRRIGATION SCHEDULING WITH THE TIME-TEMPERATURE THRESHOLD METHOD AND DEFICIT IRRIGATION LEVELS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Automated irrigation scheduling; Grain sorghum; Infrared thermometry; Time-temperature threshold ID CROP WATER-STRESS; CANOPY-TEMPERATURE; INFRARED THERMOMETRY; LEPA IRRIGATION; COTTON; YIELD; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEM; CORN AB Studies using the time-temperature threshold (TTT) method for irrigation scheduling have been documented for cotton, corn, and soybean. However, there are limited studies of irrigation management of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, L.) with this plant-feedback system. In this two-year study, the ITT method was investigated as an automatic irrigation control algorithm for a late-maturing grain sorghum hybrid (Pioneer 84G62) grown in 2009 and an early maturing hybrid (Moench, NC+ 5C35) grown in 2010. The method was evaluated by comparing grain sorghum responses of bio-mass and dry grain yields, crop evapotranspiration (ETc), water use efficiency (WUE), and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) between automatic and manual control methods of irrigation scheduling at different deficit irrigation treatments (i.e., 80%, 55%, 30%, and 0% of full replenishment of soil water depletion to 1.5 m depth). Irrigation scheduling using the TTT method produced mean response variables of yield (biomass and grain), WUE, and IWUE that were similar or better than those from the manually scheduled method in both years. Water use efficiency was highest at the 80% and 55% levels in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Average IWUE was highest at the 55% level in 2009 and at the 30% level in 2010. For both of these responses, differences among irrigation treatment levels were not always significant. Crop production functions were curvilinear in both years as dry grain yields began to plateau between water application amounts delivered from irrigation treatments at the 55% and 80% levels. Results from this study indicate that both late and early maturing hybrids of grain sorghum are responsive to the TTT method of irrigation scheduling. Irrigation management with this algorithm can produce biomass and dry grain yields, ETc, WUE, and IWUE levels that are similar to those achieved with an accurate irrigation scheduling method based on direct soil water measurement. C1 [O'Shaughnessy, S. A.; Evett, S. R.; Colaizzi, P. D.; Howell, T. A.] ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP O'Shaughnessy, SA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, 2300 Expt Stn Rd,PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM Susan.oshaughnessy@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service; Kansas State University; Texas AgriLife Research; Texas AgriLife Extension Service; Texas Tech University; West Texas AM University; United Sorghum Checkoff Program [R0021-09, R0012-10] FX The authors acknowledge the dedicated work performed by Luke Britten, Agricultural Science Technician, and Brice Ruthardt, Biological Science Technician, USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, Texas. This research was supported by the Ogallala Aquifer Program, a consortium between USDA Agricultural Research Service, Kansas State University, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Texas Tech University, and West Texas A&M University, and the United Sorghum Checkoff Program (Grant Nos. R0021-09 and R0012-10). NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 55 IS 2 BP 451 EP 461 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 951SV UT WOS:000304741200013 ER PT J AU Dukes, MD Bjorneberg, DL Klocke, NL AF Dukes, M. D. Bjorneberg, D. L. Klocke, N. L. TI ADVANCES IN IRRIGATION: SELECT WORKS FROM THE 2010 DECENNIAL IRRIGATION SYMPOSIUM SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Evapotranspiration; Irrigation; Plant Water Requirements; Water Management AB This article is an introduction to the "Advances in Irrigation" Special Collection in this issue of Transactions ASABE and the next issue of Applied Engineering in Agriculture, consisting of 14 articles selected from 88 papers and presentations at the ASABE 5th Decennial National Irrigation Symposium, which was held in December 2010 in Phoenix, Arizona. This symposium followed the objectives of the previous four decennial events to provide a forum to assess the progress of research endeavors to advance the effectiveness of irrigation practices during the past ten years, leading to further research priorities in light of future challenges. The articles in this Special Collection address a wide range of topics grouped into broad categories: micro irrigation, center-pivot irrigation, crop water use for improved irrigation management, and smart irrigation controllers for landscape irrigation. While these articles are not inclusive of all irrigation work since the last decennial symposium, they provide an example of work considered important by researchers, funding agencies, and other stakeholders. Many aspects of irrigation have changed since the first symposium in 1970. Although microirrigation is a small proportion of irrigated acreage, it will continue to increase in highly technical commercial food and fiber production as well as in subsistence farming. Center-pivot irrigation systems have been an important tool to deliver water more efficiently in diverse settings. Advanced telemetry and control systems, developed during the past ten years, are now common options for center pivots, but challenges remain in integrating these hardware developments into crop management practices. Possibilities are emerging for adding monitoring devices to center pivots to match crop water needs with water delivery. Energy balance models continue to be refined as tools to estimate crop water use from both ground-based and satellite-based data. Evapotranspiration estimates are evolving from single-location weather stations to whole-field or regional scopes. Finally, smart irrigation controllers have coupled evapotranspiration estimation or soil water sensing with automated irrigation system water delivery. These controllers can increase the precision of irrigation to match crop or landscape water needs. Irrigation will continue to be an important practice for producing the world's food. The irrigation research and education professions will need to respond to food production challenges with even more refined irrigation systems and water management in the next ten years. However, research investment in irrigation continues to decline while important issues exist, such as maintaining agricultural profitability with declining water supplies, integrating sensor-based information for real-time autonomous or semi-autonomous management, competition for limited water supplies between agriculture and other sectors, increasing energy cost, environmental impacts of irrigation, and use of alternative (i.e., lower quality) water sources for irrigation. C1 [Dukes, M. D.] Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bjorneberg, D. L.] ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. [Klocke, N. L.] Kansas State Univ, SW Res & Extens Ctr, Garden City, KS USA. RP Dukes, MD (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, 205 Frazier Rogers Hall,POB 110570, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM mddukes@ufl.edu OI Dukes, Michael/0000-0002-9340-5968 NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 55 IS 2 BP 477 EP 482 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 951SV UT WOS:000304741200015 ER PT J AU Lamm, FR Bordovsky, JP Schwankl, LJ Grabow, GL Enciso-Medina, J Peters, RT Colaizzi, PD Trooien, TP Porter, DO AF Lamm, F. R. Bordovsky, J. P. Schwankl, L. J. Grabow, G. L. Enciso-Medina, J. Peters, R. T. Colaizzi, P. D. Trooien, T. P. Porter, D. O. TI SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION: STATUS OF THE TECHNOLOGY IN 2010 SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Irrigation design; Irrigation management; Microirrigation; Subsurface drip irrigation AB Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI), although a much smaller fraction of the microirrigated land area than surface drip irrigation, is growing at a much faster rate and is the subject of considerable research and educational efforts in the U.S. This article discusses the growth of SDI, highlights some of the research and extension efforts, and points out some of the challenges to SDI adoption and some of the future opportunities for SDI. C1 [Lamm, F. R.] Kansas State Univ, NW Res Extens Ctr, Colby, KS 67701 USA. [Bordovsky, J. P.] Texas A&M Univ, Plainview, TX USA. [Schwankl, L. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Parlier, CA USA. [Grabow, G. L.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Enciso-Medina, J.] Texas A&M Univ, Weslaco, TX USA. [Peters, R. T.] Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA USA. [Colaizzi, P. D.] ARS, USDA, Bushland, TX USA. [Trooien, T. P.] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Porter, D. O.] Texas A&M Univ, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Lamm, FR (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, NW Res Extens Ctr, 105 Expt Farm Rd, Colby, KS 67701 USA. EM flamm@ksu.edu FU Ogallala Aquifer Program FX This article is part of a three-year long SDI technology transfer effort beginning in 2009 and involving Kansas State University, Texas A&M University, and the USDA-ARS and is funded by the Ogallala Aquifer Program. To follow other activities of this educational effort, visit www.ksre.ksu.edu/sdi/. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 55 IS 2 BP 483 EP 491 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 951SV UT WOS:000304741200016 ER PT J AU Evans, RG King, BA AF Evans, R. G. King, B. A. TI SITE-SPECIFIC SPRINKLER IRRIGATION IN A WATER-LIMITED FUTURE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Adaptive control systems; Decision support; Irrigation controls; Precision agriculture; Precision irrigation; Sensor systems; Spatial variability; Water management ID VARIABLE-RATE IRRIGATION; CENTER-PIVOT IRRIGATION; WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK; DEFICIT IRRIGATION; CHEMICAL APPLICATION; SYSTEM; CORN; MANAGEMENT; PRODUCTIVITY; FEASIBILITY AB Available water supplies for irrigation are becoming more and more limited in the western U.S. and other locations around the world, and this downward trend is accelerating. These issues will force major changes to physical and managerial aspects as well as the design of water delivery and on-farm irrigation systems. Thus, a water- and energy-limited future will be the likely catalyst that finally brings many of the existing precision agricultural technologies together for irrigated agriculture. Resource conservation as well as achieving environmental benefits will probably require the adoption of non-uniform water applications, also known as site-specific irrigation, for many growers. The goal of site-specific irrigation is to conserve water by directing the amount and frequency of water applications according to established spatial and temporal crop water requirements. However, more than 20 years of private and public research on site-specific irrigation has resulted in very limited commercial adoption of the technology. The current state of the art of site-specific center-pivot and linear-move sprinkler irrigation is reviewed Several general barriers to adoption of the technology and various knowledge gaps are identified. The primary reason for the very low rate of commercial adoption appears to be the absence of a market for the technology and a low rate of return. Documented and proven water conservation strategies using site-specific sprinkler irrigation for crop production are quite limited, and its cost-effectiveness has not been demonstrated. Simulation studies comparing conventional and site-specific irrigation have reported water savings of 0% to 26% for well-watered crop production, and the greatest savings are most likely to occur in humid climates by spatially maximizing utilization of non-uniform growing season precipitation. In arid and semi-arid climates, the greatest potential water savings could come from highly managed deficit irrigation strategies in which spatial management of soil water deficit timing is used to maximize net return rather than yield Future research needs to focus on developing and documenting cost-effective site-specific water conservation strategies to support market development for these advanced and needed irrigation technologies. C1 [Evans, R. G.] ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [King, B. A.] ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. RP Evans, RG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM Robert.Evans@ars.usda.gov NR 80 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 55 IS 2 BP 493 EP 504 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 951SV UT WOS:000304741200017 ER PT J AU King, BA Bjorneberg, DL AF King, B. A. Bjorneberg, D. L. TI DROPLET KINETIC ENERGY OF MOVING SPRAY-PLATE CENTER-PIVOT IRRIGATION SPRINKLERS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Center-pivot; Infiltration; Kinetic energy; Runoff; Sprinkler; Sprinkler irrigation ID INFILTRATION; SOIL; RUNOFF; YIELD; UNIFORMITY; IMPACT; FIELD AB The kinetic energy of discrete water drops impacting a bare soil surface generally leads to a drastic reduction in water infiltration rate due to formation of a seal on the soil surface. Under center-pivot sprinkler irrigation, kinetic energy transferred to the soil prior to crop canopy development can have a substantial effect on seasonal runoff and soil erosion, especially when the soil is not protected by crop residue cover. Droplet kinetic energy of seven commercial off-center action rotating spray-plate sprinklers was characterized over a range Plow rates and pressures. Sprinkler droplet kinetic energy was characterized using two methods: droplet kinetic energy per unit sprinkler discharge, and droplet kinetic energy applied per unit water depth under center-pivot irrigation with 3 m sprinkler spacing. The two methods are correlated, but kinetic energy per unit sprinkler discharge does not represent droplet kinetic energy applied to the soil under center-pivot irrigation, as the correlation coefficient is not equal to 1. Droplet kinetic energy applied for a given flow rate and operating pressure varied by up to 200% among the sprinklers evaluated. Designing sprinklers that minimize the kinetic energy transferred to bare soil will require a monotonic decreasing application rate with radial distance, as any peak in application rate at large radial distances will result in a peak in specific power Kinetic energy per unit drop volume will always increase with radial distance, as drops sizes get larger with radial distance. The sprinkler with the lowest droplet kinetic energy applied or the lowest average composite specific power may not necessarily be the sprinkler that results in the greatest infiltrated depth or the least potential runoff Thus, droplet kinetic energy is not suitable as a single parameter to select between sprinkler choices. C1 [King, B. A.; Bjorneberg, D. L.] ARS, USDA, NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP King, BA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NWISRL, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM brad.king@ars.usda.gov FU Cooperative Research and Development Agreement [58-3K95-9-1311]; Nelson Irrigation Corp., Walla Walla, Washington FX This research is partially supported by a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (No. 58-3K95-9-1311) with Nelson Irrigation Corp., Walla Walla, Washington. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of Nelson Irrigation Corp. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 55 IS 2 BP 505 EP 512 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 951SV UT WOS:000304741200018 ER PT J AU Evett, SR Lascano, RJ Howell, TA Tolk, JA O'Shaughnessy, SA Colaizzi, PD AF Evett, S. R. Lascano, R. J. Howell, T. A. Tolk, J. A. O'Shaughnessy, S. A. Colaizzi, P. D. TI SINGLE- AND DUAL-SURFACE ITERATIVE ENERGY BALANCE SOLUTIONS FOR REFERENCE ET SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Crop coefficient; Evapotranspiration; Irrigation scheduling; Iterative solution; Penman-Monteith ID PENMAN-MONTEITH EQUATION; EXPERIMENTAL-VERIFICATION; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION MODEL; CROP EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; RECURSIVE CALCULATION; CANOPY RESISTANCE; IRRIGATED ALFALFA; EVAPORATION; SOIL; TEMPERATURE AB The concept of a reference evapotranspiration (ETr) calculated from daily or hourly weather data, and multiplied by a crop coefficient (K-c) in order to estimate crop water use (ETc), is widely established in agricultural science and engineering. To find region- and variety-specific values of K-c from field-measured ETc values, the equation is inverted to: K-c = ETc/ETr. Forms of the Penman-Monteith (PM) formula for calculation of reference alfalfa or grass evapotranspiration (ETr and ETo, respectively) were promulgated by ASCE in 1990, FAO in 1998, and ASCE in 2005. The PM formulations are sensitive to climatic conditions, producing estimates of ETr and ETo that are more or less close to measured values depending on regional climate, and yielding values of K-c that vary from region to region and so are not transferrable. Theoretical shortcomings may be the basis of some of these problems, including the explicit nature of the calculation, which relies on the implied assumption that canopy and air temperatures are equal. We examined the ET,. estimation of two surface energy balance formulations that stipulated different air and canopy temperatures: a two-layer (soil and canopy) approach, and a one-layer (big leaf) approach that included soil heat flux. Since canopy temperature is implicit in these formulations, they must be solved iteratively. Iterative solutions of ETr were compared with the ASCE PM formulation and against lysimeter-measured ETr. All three methods of ETr estimation produced ET values that compared very well with field-measured ET for alfalfa grown under reference ET conditions. Errors may occur with any of the three approaches to ETr estimation when stomatal resistance changes due to weather conditions; thus, assumptions of constant daytime and nighttime surface resistances cause mis-estimation of surface energy fluxes. It appears that a surface resistance value of 200 s m(-1) at night for alfalfa grown under reference ET conditions is too large. It also appears that assuming constant daytime surface resistance of 30 s m(-1) is probably not ideal, and that presenting daytime surface resistance as a function of vapor pressure deficit might improve ETr calculation. C1 [Evett, S. R.; Howell, T. A.; Tolk, J. A.; O'Shaughnessy, S. A.; Colaizzi, P. D.] ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Lascano, R. J.] ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Evett, SR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM steve.evett@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service; Kansas State University; Texas AgriLife Research; Texas AgriLife Extension Service; Texas Tech University; West Texas AM University FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the USDA-ARS Ogallala Aquifer Program, a consortium between the USDA Agricultural Research Service, Kansas State University, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Texas Tech University, and West Texas A&M University, as well as the dedicated support of Karen Copeland, USDA-ARS Soil Scientist, and Brice Ruthardt, USDA-ARS Biological Science Technician. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 55 IS 2 BP 533 EP 541 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 951SV UT WOS:000304741200021 ER PT J AU Colaizzi, PD Evett, SR Howell, TA Gowda, PH O'Shaughnessy, SA Tolk, JA Kustas, WP Anderson, MC AF Colaizzi, P. D. Evett, S. R. Howell, T. A. Gowda, P. H. O'Shaughnessy, S. A. Tolk, J. A. Kustas, W. P. Anderson, M. C. TI TWO-SOURCE ENERGY BALANCE MODEL: REFINEMENTS AND LYSIMETER TESTS IN THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Clumping index; Evapotranspiration; Fractional cover; Latent heat flux; Radiometric temperature; Remote sensing; Row crops; Texas ID IRRIGATED WINTER-WHEAT; PARTIAL CANOPY COVER; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; ROW CROPS; HEAT-FLUX; DAILY EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; RADIOMETRIC TEMPERATURE; RADIATION MODEL; NET-RADIATION; VEGETATION AB A thermal two-source energy balance model (TSEB-N95) was evaluated for calculating daily evapotranspiration (ET) of corn, cotton, grain sorghum, and wheat in a semiarid, advective environment. Crop ET was measured with large, monolithic weighing lysimeters. The TSEB-N95 model solved the energy budget of soil and vegetation using a series resistance network, and one-time-of-day latent heat flux calculations were scaled to daily ET using the ASCE Standardized Reference ET equation for a short crop. The TSEB-N95 model included several refinements, including a geometric method to account for the nonrandom spatial distribution of vegetation for row crops with partial canopy cover; where crop rows were modeled as elliptical hedgerows. This geometric approach was compared to the more commonly used, semi-empirical clumping index approach. Both approaches resulted in similar ET calculations, but the elliptical hedgerow approach performed slightly better Using the clumping index, root mean squared error, mean absolute error, and mean bias error were 1.0 (22%), 0.79 (17%), and 0.093 (2.0%) mm d(-1), respectively, between measured and calculated daily ET for all crops, where percentages were of the measured mean ET (4.62 mm d(-1)) Using the elliptical hedgerow, root mean squared error, mean absolute error, and mean bias error were 0.86 (19%), 0.69 (15%), and 0.17 (3.6%) mm d(-1), respectively, between measured and calculated daily ET for all crops. The refinements to TSEB-N95 will improve the accuracy of remote sensing-based ET maps, which is imperative for water resource management. C1 [Colaizzi, P. D.; Evett, S. R.; Howell, T. A.; Gowda, P. H.; O'Shaughnessy, S. A.; Tolk, J. A.] ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Kustas, W. P.; Anderson, M. C.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Colaizzi, PD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10,2300 Expt Stn Rd, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM Paul.Colaizzi@ars.usda.gov RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 FU USDA-ARS; Texas AgriLife Research; Texas AgriLife Extension Service; Texas Tech University; West Texas AM University; Kansas State University FX This research was supported by the USDA-ARS National Program 211, Water Availability and Watershed Management, and by the USDA-ARS Ogallala Aquifer Program, a consortium between the USDA-ARS, Kansas State University, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Texas Tech University, and West Texas A&M University. We are grateful to Dr. Andrew French, USDA-ARS, Maricopa, Arizona, for allowing us to use the Cimel multiband thermal radiometer and for his critical review of the manuscript. We also thank the numerous biological technicians and student workers for their meticulous and dedicated efforts in executing experiments and obtaining and processing data. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 55 IS 2 BP 551 EP 562 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 951SV UT WOS:000304741200023 ER PT J AU Kandala, CVK Sundaram, J AF Kandala, C. V. K. Sundaram, J. TI DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE CONTENT USING NIR REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY WITH SINGLE CALIBRATION FOR BOTH VALENCIA AND VIRGINIA IN-SHELL PEANUTS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Calibration model; In-shell peanuts; Moisture content prediction; NIR reflectance spectroscopy; Nondestructive; Partial least square regression; Residual predictive deviation; Standard error of prediction AB Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was used to measure the moisture content (MC) of in-shell Virginia and Valencia type peanuts. NIR spectral data from 400 to 2500 nm were collected on calibration samples from Virginia type peanuts ranging in moisture from 6% to 22%. Calibration models to estimate MC were developed using raw and derivative data, and an appropriate model was selected based on parameters such as standard error of calibration and prediction. The ability to predict MC in different types of in-shell peanuts with a single calibration model would save time and labor, otherwise needed for multiple calibrations, and could be useful in developing a commercial instrument. C1 [Kandala, C. V. K.] USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. [Sundaram, J.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Kandala, CVK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, POB 509, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM chari.kandala@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 55 IS 2 BP 609 EP 612 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 951SV UT WOS:000304741200029 ER PT J AU Nelson, SO Trabelsi, S AF Nelson, S. O. Trabelsi, S. TI A CENTURY OF GRAIN AND SEED MOISTURE MEASUREMENT BY SENSING ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Cereal grain; Density; Dielectric properties; Electrical properties; Moisture content; Moisture sensing; Oilseed; Permittivity ID DENT FIELD CORN; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; BULK-DENSITY; MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS; PARTICULATE MATERIALS; GRANULAR-MATERIALS; CEREAL-GRAINS; WHEAT; DEPENDENCE; PARAMETERS AB The importance of moisture measurement in grain and seed is discussed, and a brief history of the development of electrical moisture sensing instruments, based on sensing the electrical properties of these materials, is presented. Data are presented graphically on the permittivities or dielectric properties of grain and seed, showing their variation with frequency, moisture content, temperature, and bulk density, and references are cited for further information. More recent developments in higher frequency and microwave measurements for moisture content and bulk density sensing are briefly described, and numerous studies are cited providing sources of information on these newer techniques. C1 [Nelson, S. O.; Trabelsi, S.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Stuart.nelson@ars.usda.gov NR 80 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 55 IS 2 BP 629 EP 636 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 951SV UT WOS:000304741200031 ER PT J AU Dunn, RO AF Dunn, R. O. TI EFFECTS OF HIGH-MELTING METHYL ESTERS ON CRYSTALLIZATION PROPERTIES OF FATTY ACID METHYL ESTER MIXTURES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; Crystallization; Differential scanning calorimetry; Enthalpy of fusion; Fatty acid methyl esters; Freezing point; Melting point; Onset temperature ID BIODIESEL AB Biodiesel is a renewable alternative diesel fuel made from vegetable oils and animal fats. The most common forms of biodiesel in the U.S. are fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) made from soybean oil, canola oil, used cooking oils, waste greases, and tallow. Cold-flow properties of biodiesel depend on the crystallization properties of high-melting FAME in the mixture. For soybean oil FAME, the saturated FAME (SFAME) species have melting points (MP) that are more than 45 C higher than the unsaturated FAME (UFAME) species. The present study evaluated the use of equations from freezing point depression theory to model crystallization onset temperatures (T-f) for binary mixtures of SFAME (MeC10 to MeC20) and UFAME (MeC18:1 and MeC18:2). Melting and crystallization properties were determined by differential scanning calorimetty (DSC) heating and cooling curve analyses. Results showed that the DSC scan rate did not significantly affect onset temperatures or peak enthalpies for analyses of pure FAME. Hysteresis effects were observed for pure FAME where freezing points (FP) from DSC cooling curves were at slightly lower temperature than melting points (MP) from melting curves. For independent crystallization of SFAME from binary mixtures with UFAME, the effects of changes in heat capacity (Delta C-p) as the mixture temperature decreased below the standard MP of the SPA ME were negligible. Calculated T-f values were greater than FP from DSC analysis of mixtures, leading to the conclusion that binary SFAME/UFAME mixtures deviate from ideal solution behavior at low temperatures. C1 ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Biooils Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dunn, RO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Biooils Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Robert.Dunn@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 55 IS 2 BP 637 EP 646 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 951SV UT WOS:000304741200032 ER PT J AU Cen, H Lu, R Mendoza, FA Ariana, DP AF Cen, H. Lu, R. Mendoza, F. A. Ariana, D. P. TI ASSESSING MULTIPLE QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF PEACHES USING OPTICAL ABSORPTION AND SCATTERING PROPERTIES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Absorption; Hyperspectral imaging; Optical properties; Peaches; Maturity/quality; Scattering; Spatially resolved ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; BIOLOGICAL-MATERIALS; INTERNAL QUALITY; HUMAN SKIN; FIRMNESS; QUANTIFICATION; FRUITS AB The objective of this research was to measure the spectral absorption (mu(o)) and reduced scattering coefficients (mu(s)') of peaches, using a hyperspectral imaging-based spatially resolved method, for maturity/quality assessment. A newly developed optical property measuring instrument was used for acquiring hyperspectral reflectance images of 500 'Red-star' peaches. The mu(a) and mu(s)' spectra for 515 to 1,000 nm were extracted from the spatially resolved reflectance profiles using a diffusion model coupled with an inverse algorithm. The absorption spectra of peach fruit were marked with absorption peaks around 525 nm for anthocyanin, 620 nm for chlorophyll-b, 675 nm for chlorophyll-a, and 970 nm for water, while mu(s)' decreased monotonically with the increasing wavelength for most of the tested samples. Both mu(a) and mu(s)' were correlated with peach firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), and skin and flesh color parameters. Better correlation results for partial least squares models were obtained using the combined values of mu(a) and mu(s)' (i.e., mu(a) x mu(s)' and mu(eff)) than using mu(a) or mu(s)', where mu(eff) is the effective attenuation coefficient: mu(eff) = [3 mu(a)(mu(a) + mu(s)')](1/2). The results were further improved using least squares support vector machine models, with values of the best correlation coefficient for firmness, SSC, skin lightness, and flesh lightness being 0.749 (standard error of prediction or SEP = 17.39 N), 0.504 (SEP = 0.92 degrees Brix), 0.898 (SEP = 3.45), and 0.741 (SEP = 3.27), respectively. These results compared favorably to acoustic and impact firmness measurements, whose correlations with destructive measurements were 0.639 and 0.631, respectively The hyperspectral imaging-based spatially resolved technique is useful for measuring the optical properties of peach fruit, and it has good potential for assessing fruit maturity/quality attributes. C1 [Lu, R.; Mendoza, F. A.] Michigan State Univ, USDA, ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Cen, H.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Lu, R (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA, ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, 224 Farrall Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM Renfu.lu@ars.usda.gov RI Cen, Haiyan/F-2633-2010 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 55 IS 2 BP 647 EP 657 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 951SV UT WOS:000304741200033 ER PT J AU Boac, JM Casada, ME Maghirang, RG Harner, JP AF Boac, J. M. Casada, M. E. Maghirang, R. G. Harner, J. P., III TI 3-D AND QUASI-2-D DISCRETE ELEMENT MODELING OF GRAIN COMMINGLING IN A BUCKET ELEVATOR BOOT SYSTEM SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Bucket elevator boot; Discrete element method; Grain commingling; Soybeans; Three-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional simulations ID FOOD PARTICULATE MATERIALS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; GRANULAR FLOW; SPOUTED BEDS; PARTICLES; SILO; DEFORMATION; SEGREGATION; CYLINDER; OILSEEDS AB Unwanted grain commingling impedes new quality-based grain handling systems and has proven to be an expensive and time-consuming issue to study experimentally. Experimentally validated models may reduce the time and expense of studying grain commingling while providing additional insight into details of the particle flow. In this study, grain commingling in a pilot-scale bucket elevator boot was first modeled in three-dimensional (3-D) discrete element method (DEM) simulations. Experiments on the pilot-scale boot were performed using red-dyed and clear (uncolored) soybeans to validate the 3-D DEM model. Predicted results from the 3-D boot model generally followed the experimental data but tended to underpredict commingling early in the process. To reduce computational time, quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2-D) DEM simulations were also evaluated. Comparison of predicted average commingling of five quasi-2-D boot models with reduced control volumes (i.e., with boot widths from four to seven times the mean particle diameter) led to the selection of the quasi-2-D model with a boot width of 5.6 times the mean particle diameter (i.e., 5.6d) to reduce computational time. In addition, the 3-D and quasi-2-D (5.6d) models were refined by accounting for the initial surge of particles at the beginning of each test and correcting for the effective dynamic gap between the bucket cups and the boot wall. The quasi-2-D (5.6d) models reduced simulation run time by approximately 70% compared to the 3-D model of the pilot-scale boot. Results of this study can be used to accurately predict commingling levels and improve grain handling, which can help farmers and grain handlers reduce costs and maintain grain purity during transport and export of grain. C1 [Casada, M. E.] ARS, USDA, CGAHR, EWERU, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Boac, J. M.; Maghirang, R. G.; Harner, J. P., III] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Casada, ME (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CGAHR, EWERU, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM casada@ksu.edu FU USDA-ARS (CRIS) [5430-43440-007-00D]; Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station [12-254-J] FX The research was supported by the USDA-ARS (CRIS No. 5430-43440-007-00D) and by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station (Contribution No. 12-254-J). The technical support of Dr. Oleh Baran (formerly with DEM Solutions), Dr. Jasper Tallada (formerly with USDA-ARS CGAHR), Stephen Cole (DEM Solutions), Mark Cook (DEM Solutions), Dr. Sam Wai Wong (formerly with DEM Solutions), and Dr. David Curry (DEM Solutions) and the assistance provided by Mr. Dennis Tilley (USDA-ARS CGAHR) in conducting the experiments are highly appreciated. We also want to thank Dr. Bill Schapaugh (KSU), Vernon Schaffer (KSU), Shaun Winnie (KSU), and Dustin Miller (Kaufmann Seeds) for the fanning mill and soybean samples. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 55 IS 2 BP 659 EP 672 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 951SV UT WOS:000304741200034 ER PT J AU Thompson, D Cullen, KW Boushey, C Konzelmann, K AF Thompson, Debbe Cullen, Karen Weber Boushey, Carol Konzelmann, Karen TI Design of a Website on Nutrition and Physical Activity for Adolescents: Results From Formative Research SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Internet; intervention; obesity prevention; food; physical activity ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; MIDDLE-SCHOOL GIRLS; BODY-MASS INDEX; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; DIET QUALITY; US CHILDREN; SWEETENED BEVERAGES; OUTCOME EVALUATION; SELF-EFFICACY; YOUNG-ADULTS AB Background: Teens do not meet guidelines for healthy eating and physical activity. The Internet may be an effective method for delivering programs that help them adopt healthy behaviors. Objective: To collect information to design content and structure for a teen-friendly website promoting healthy eating and physical activity behaviors. Methods: Qualitative research, encompassing both focus group and interview techniques, were used to design the website. Participants were 12-17 year olds in Houston, Texas, and West Lafayette, Indiana. Results: A total of 133 participants took part in 26 focus groups while 15 participated in one-on-one interviews to provide guidance for the development of teen-friendly content and structure for an online behavior change program promoting healthy eating and physical activity to 12-17 year olds. The youth made suggestions to overcome common barriers to healthy eating and physical activity. Their feedback was used to develop "Teen Choice: Food & Fitness," a 12-week online behavior change program, populated by 4 cartoon character role models. Conclusions: It is critical that members of the target audience be included in formative research to develop behavior change programs that are relevant, appealing, and address their needs and interests. C1 [Thompson, Debbe; Cullen, Karen Weber] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Boushey, Carol] Univ Hawaii, Ctr Canc, Program Epidemiol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Konzelmann, Karen] Org & Educ Consultant, Pearland, TX USA. RP Thompson, D (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dit@bcm.edu FU National Research Initiative of the United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2007-55215-17998]; USDA/ARS [58-6250-0-008] FX This work is a publication of the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. This project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number # 2007-55215-17998 (to Dr. Cullen). This project has also been funded in part by federal funds from the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6250-0-008. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA and mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 75 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 30 PU JOURNAL MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH PI TORONTO PA TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL, R FRASER ELLIOTT BLDG, 4TH FL, R 4S435, 190 ELIZABETH ST, TORONTO, ON M5G 2C4, CANADA SN 1438-8871 J9 J MED INTERNET RES JI J. Med. Internet Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 14 IS 2 AR e59 DI 10.2196/jmir.1889 PG 15 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA 948VL UT WOS:000304530800007 PM 22538427 ER PT J AU Morales, AMAP Borem, A Graham, MA Abdelnoor, RV AF Alves Pereira Morales, Aguida Maria Borem, Aluizio Graham, Michelle A. Abdelnoor, Ricardo Vilela TI Advances on molecular studies of the interaction soybean - Asian rust SO CROP BREEDING AND APPLIED BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Phakopsora pachyrhizi; resistance; plant-pathogen; molecular biology ID PHAKOPSORA-PACHYRHIZI; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; GLYCINE-MAX; GENES; LOCUS; IDENTIFICATION; CONFIRMATION; INHERITANCE; INFECTION; SEQUENCE AB Effective management practices are essential for controlling rust outbreaks. The main control method used is the application of fungicides, which increases substantially the cost of production and is harmful to the environment. Prevention is still the best way to avoid more significant losses in soybean yields. Alternatives, such as planting resistant varieties to the fungus, are also important. The use of resistant or tolerant varieties is the most promising method for controlling Asian soybean rust. Recently, five dominant genes resistant to soybean rust were described: Rpp1, Rpp2, Rpp3, Rpp4 and Rpp5. However, little is known about the molecular interaction among soybean plant and soybean rust and on the molecular pathway triggered by pathogen recognition. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in defense responses is of primary importance for planning strategies to control stress and, consequently, to increase plant adaptation to limiting conditions. C1 [Alves Pereira Morales, Aguida Maria; Borem, Aluizio] Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Fitotecnia, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. [Graham, Michelle A.] USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Abdelnoor, Ricardo Vilela] Embrapa Soja, BR-86001970 Londrina, PR, Brazil. RP Morales, AMAP (reprint author), Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Fitotecnia, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. EM aguida_morales@yahoo.com.br RI Abdelnoor, Ricardo/F-7011-2012; Abdelnoor, Ricardo/G-4116-2012; Graham, Michelle/C-7144-2013 NR 43 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 22 PU BRAZILIAN SOC PLANT BREEDING PI VICOSA-MG PA UNIV FEDERAL VICOSA, VICOSA-MG, 36 571-000, BRAZIL SN 1518-7853 J9 CROP BREED APPL BIOT JI Crop. Breed. Appl. Biotechnol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 947SL UT WOS:000304450200001 ER PT J AU Kulpa, SM Leger, EA Espeland, EK Goergen, EM AF Kulpa, S. M. Leger, E. A. Espeland, E. K. Goergen, E. M. TI Postfire Seeding and Plant Community Recovery in the Great Basin SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aspect; Bromus tectorum; density; emergency fire rehabilitation; frequency; restoration ID PONDEROSA PINE RESTORATION; SLOPE ASPECT; SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; BROMUS-TECTORUM; WILDFIRE; ESTABLISHMENT; VEGETATION; SOIL; ECOSYSTEMS; CHEATGRASS AB As wildland fire frequency increases around the globe, a better understanding of the patterns of plant community recovery in burned landscapes is needed to improve rehabilitation efforts. We measured establishment of seeded species, colonization of Bromus tectorum and other nonnative annual plants, and recovery of nonseeded native species in topographically distinct areas within five fires that burned Great Basin shrub-steppe communities in Elko County, Nevada. Plant density, frequency, and cover data were collected annually for 4 yr postfire. Vegetation composition varied among flat areas and north- and south-facing aspects, and changed over the course of the sampling period; recovery varied among sites. In general, B. tectorum densities were higher on south aspects, particularly 3 and 4 yr after fire, when densities increased dramatically relative to prefire conditions. Nonseeded native perennial grasses, forbs, and shrubs were abundant in three of the five fire sites, and were more likely to be present on north aspects and flat areas. Over time, nonseeded perennial grass densities remained relatively constant, and nonseeded forbs and shrubs increased. Seeded species were most likely to establish in flat areas, and the density of seeded perennial grasses, forbs, and shrubs decreased over time. Frequency and density measurements were highly correlated, especially for perennial species. Our results emphasize the value of considering site aspect and the potential for native regrowth when planning and monitoring restorations. For example, effective rehabilitation of south aspects may require the development of new restoration methods, whereas north aspects and flat areas in sites with a strong native component were not improved by the addition of seeded species, and may require weed control treatments, rather than reseeding, to improve recovery. Tailoring revegetation objectives, seed mixes, seeding rates, and monitoring efforts to conditions that vary within sites may lead to more cost effective and successful restoration. C1 [Kulpa, S. M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reno, NV 89502 USA. [Kulpa, S. M.; Leger, E. A.; Goergen, E. M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Espeland, E. K.] USDA ARS, NPARL, Pest Management Res Unit, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Kulpa, SM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1340 Financial Blvd,Suite 234, Reno, NV 89502 USA. EM smkulpa@gmail.com FU University of Nevada, Reno; USDA-Hatch; Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station FX This research was funded by the University of Nevada, Reno, the Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station, and USDA-Hatch. NR 53 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 38 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 65 IS 2 BP 171 EP 181 DI 10.2111/REM-D-11-00046.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 945SA UT WOS:000304295100008 ER PT J AU Madsen, MD Petersen, SL Roundy, BA Hopkins, BG Taylor, AG AF Madsen, Matthew D. Petersen, Steven L. Roundy, Bruce A. Hopkins, Bryan G. Taylor, Alan G. TI Comparison of Postfire Soil Water Repellency Amelioration Strategies on Bluebunch Wheatgrass and Cheatgrass Survival SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE anchor chaining; pinon-juniper; till; wetting agents; wildfire ID ESTABLISHMENT; FIRES; SURFACTANTS; SHRUBLANDS; DYNAMICS; SURFACES; SEED AB Soil water repellency can limit postfire reseeding efforts and thus increase the susceptibility of a site to weed invasion. We evaluated the effectiveness of wetting agents and simulated anchor chaining for improving seedling growth and survival in water-repellent soil, for the native perennial bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata) and invasive annual cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum). Research was performed in a glasshouse, on 20-cm-diameter soil cores that were excavated from underneath burned Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) trees. The experiment was arranged as a randomized split-plot design, with the two grass species sown separately under four soil treatments: 1) no treatment (control), 2) simulated anchor chaining (hereafter referred to as "till"), 3) wetting agent, and 4) till plus wetting agent. Soil water content was highest in the wetting agent treatment, lower for till, and lowest in the control. Overall, the response of bluebunch wheatgrass and cheatgrass was similar among treatments. At the conclusion of the study, wetting agent cores had twice as many seedlings as the control, while the till and control were similar. Despite a lower number of seedlings, tilling in general resulted in the same level of biomass as the wetting agent treatment. Overall, biomass in the till and wetting agent treatments was at least twofold higher than the control. No benefit was found in applying both till and wetting agent treatments together in comparison to just applying wetting agent. Because of a lack of correlation between glasshouse and field settings the results of this study need to be interpreted with caution. Our data may indicate that if cheatgrass is not already present on the site, anchor chaining or treating the soil with wetting agent can increase establishment of seeded species. C1 [Madsen, Matthew D.] USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Petersen, Steven L.; Roundy, Bruce A.; Hopkins, Bryan G.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84642 USA. [Taylor, Alan G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Madsen, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM matthew.madsen@oregonstate.edu FU USDA-NRCS Conservation Initiative; USDA-ARS FX Research was funded through the USDA-NRCS Conservation Initiative Grant and the USDA-ARS. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by USDA or the authors and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of the other products that also may be suitable. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 21 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 65 IS 2 BP 182 EP 188 DI 10.2111/REM-D-10-00152.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 945SA UT WOS:000304295100009 ER PT J AU Karl, JW Duniway, MC Schrader, TS AF Karl, Jason W. Duniway, Michael C. Schrader, T. Scott TI A Technique for Estimating Rangeland Canopy-Gap Size Distributions From High-Resolution Digital Imagery SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE digital aerial photography; image classification; photo interpretation; remote sensing ID AERIAL-PHOTOGRAPHY; VEGETATION; SCALE; COVER; LANDSCAPE; EROSION; CLASSIFICATION; ATTRIBUTES; MANAGEMENT; GRASSLAND AB The amount and distribution of gaps in vegetation canopy is a useful indicator of multiple ecosystem processes and functions. In this paper, we describe a semiautomated approach for estimating canopy-gap size distributions in rangelands from high-resolution (HR) digital images using image interpretation by observers and statistical image classification techniques. We considered two different classification methods (maximum-likelihood classification and logistic regression) and both pixel-based and object-based approaches to estimate canopy-gap size distributions from 2- to 3-cm resolution UltraCamX color infrared aerial photographs for arid and semiarid shrub sites in Idaho, Nevada, and New Mexico. We compare our image-based estimates to field-based measurements for the study sites. Generally, percent of input points correctly classified and kappa coefficients of agreement for plot image classifications was very high. Plots with low kappa values yielded canopy gap estimates that were very different from field-based estimates. We found a strong relationship (R-2 > 0.9 for all four methods evaluated) between image- and field-based estimates of the total percent of the plot in canopy gaps greater than 50 cm for plots with a classification kappa of greater than 0.5. Performance of the remote sensing techniques varied for small canopy gaps (25 to 50 cm) but were very similar for moderate (50 to 200 cm) and large (>200 cm) canopy gaps. Our results demonstrate that canopy-gap size distributions can be reliably estimated from HR imagery in a variety of plant community types. Additionally, we suggest that classification goodness-of-fit measures are a potentially useful tool for identifying and screening out plots where precision of estimates from imagery may be low. We conclude that classification of HR imagery based on observer-interpreted training points and image classification is a viable technique for estimating canopy gap size distributions. Our results are consistent with other research that has looked at the ability to derive monitoring indicators from HR imagery. C1 [Karl, Jason W.; Duniway, Michael C.; Schrader, T. Scott] USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Karl, JW (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, POB 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jkarl@nmsu.edu OI Karl, Jason/0000-0002-3326-3806; Duniway, Michael/0000-0002-9643-2785 FU USDA-NRCS; National Park Service Lake Mead National Recreation Area and Mojave Desert Network FX Research was funded in part by the USDA-NRCS's National Resource Inventory Conservation Effects Assessment Project and the National Park Service Lake Mead National Recreation Area and Mojave Desert Network. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 13 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 65 IS 2 BP 196 EP 207 DI 10.2111/REM-D-11-00006.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 945SA UT WOS:000304295100011 ER PT J AU Finzel, JA Seyfried, MS Weltz, MA Kiniry, JR Johnson, MVV Launchbaugh, KL AF Finzel, Julie A. Seyfried, Mark S. Weltz, Mark A. Kiniry, James R. Johnson, Mari-Vaughn V. Launchbaugh, Karen L. TI Indirect Measurement of Leaf Area Index in Sagebrush-Steppe Rangelands SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ceptometer; gap-intercept; LAI; point-frame; quadrat; shrubs ID RADIATION-USE EFFICIENCY; COVER AB Leaf area index (LAI) is defined as the one-sided area of leaves above a unit area of ground. It is a fundamental ecosystem parameter that is a required input of process-based plant growth and biogeochemical models. Direct measurement of LAI is the most accurate method, but is destructive, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. LAI is highly variable in time and space on sagebrush-steppe rangelands, and a rapid, nondestructive method is desirable to understand ecosystem processes. The point-intercept method is nondestructive and has been demonstrated to provide accurate LAI estimates, but the method is time-consuming. LAI measurement with the Accupar ceptometer (Decagon Devices, Pullman, WA) is nondestructive and faster than the point-intercept method, but has not been evaluated on sagebrush-steppe rangelands. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ceptometer for measurement of LAI in sagebrush-steppe rangelands. Ceptometer and point-intercept LAI data were collected at six sites in sagebrush-steppe rangelands and the values were compared. We found that 1) ceptometer LAI data were consistently greater than point-intercept LAI data, 2) ceptometer data were much more variable than the point-intercept data based on standard deviations, and 3) the overall correlation between the two methods was very weak (r(2) = 0.15). The much greater ceptometer LAI values were, at least partly, due to the large woody component of the vegetative cover. We attribute the high variability of ceptometer-measured LAI to high instrument sensitivity of the angle of the instrument relative to the sun. C1 [Finzel, Julie A.; Weltz, Mark A.] USDA ARS, USDA ARS Great Basin Rangeland Res Ctr, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Seyfried, Mark S.] USDA ARS NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Kiniry, James R.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Johnson, Mari-Vaughn V.] USDA NRCS Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Launchbaugh, Karen L.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Rangeland & Fire Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Finzel, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, USDA ARS Great Basin Rangeland Res Ctr, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM julie@range-ecology.com FU USDA-ARS; NRCS FX Research was funded by the USDA-ARS and the NRCS Conservation Effects Assessment Project. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 16 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 65 IS 2 BP 208 EP 212 DI 10.2111/REM-D-11-00069.1 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 945SA UT WOS:000304295100012 ER PT J AU Arras, J Hunter, W Bextine, B AF Arras, Janet Hunter, Wayne Bextine, Blake TI Comparative Analysis of Antennae Sensory Arrays in Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri, and Potato Psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera) SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID OCCIDENTALIS PERGANDE THYSANOPTERA; INFESTED PEAR SHOOTS; CIBARIAL CHEMOSENSILLA; CACOPSYLLA-PYRICOLA; SEX ATTRACTANT; MATE-LOCATION; HOMOPTERA; PHEROMONE; LEAFHOPPER; COMMUNICATION AB Scanning electron microscopy was used for comparison of the morphological basis for host detection and mating behaviors by olfactory reception in two psyllid species, the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, and potato/tomato psyllid, Bactericera cockerel (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). The two psyllids inhabit different plant niches. The Asian citrus psyllid is essentially monophagous, feeding primarily on citrus, but the potato psyllid feeds on a wide range of solanaceous plants. This study identified two antennal sensory arrays, with a more complex arrangement occurring in the Asian citrus psyllid than potato psyllid. The antennal length of the Asian citrus psyllid was 0.23 mm and contained 10 segments, while the antenna of the potato psyllid was 0.60 mm long with 10 segments. Both species had two multi-porous, single-walled bristles apical to the sensillus terminalis. These bristles were longer in potato psyllids. A few mechanosensory and chemosensory hairs were found on all antennal segments of both species, with more sensillae on distal segments. Asian citrus psyllid coevolved with its citrus host in tropical Asian countries; locating the strongly aromatic plants probably was less difficult. Asian citrus psyllid females would be constrained to a specific host plant, facilitating mate detection. Potato psyllid has fewer olfactory sensilla and feeds on a wider host range. A wide host range suggests that potato psyllid may have increased sensitivity to specific chemical cues required to locate mates that could be on different species of host plants. C1 [Arras, Janet; Bextine, Blake] Univ Texas Tyler, Dept Biol, Tyler, TX 75799 USA. [Hunter, Wayne] USDA, ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Arras, J (reprint author), Univ Texas Tyler, Dept Biol, 3900 Univ Blvd, Tyler, TX 75799 USA. FU Texas Department of Agriculture; Texas Potato Growers FX Funding was provided by the Texas Department of Agriculture and the Texas Potato Growers. Electron micrographs were from Dr. W. Hunter, STEM Microscopy Laboratory, U.S. Horticultural Research Lab, Ft. Pierce, FL. We also thank Maria Gonzalez, Biological Science Technician, USDA, ARS, Ft. Pierce, FL, for preparation of samples. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 15 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 37 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 943MJ UT WOS:000304127400001 ER PT J AU James, RR McGuire, MR Leland, JE AF James, R. R. McGuire, M. R. Leland, J. E. TI Susceptibility of Adult Alfalfa Leafcutting Bees and Honey Bees to a Microbial Control Agent, Beauveria bassiana SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID MEGACHILE-ROTUNDATA; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; TEMPERATURE; MIRIDAE; POPULATIONS; HYMENOPTERA; GROWTH; FUNGI; HETEROPTERA; GERMINATION AB Pollination by bees is required for production of seed alfalfa, Medicago sally's L. The alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (F.) Hymenoptera: Megachilidae, and the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. Hymenoptera: Apidae, are the most commonly used pollinators. The fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin has been proposed as a microbial control for Lygus spp. (Hemiptera: Miriclae), a common pest of this crop. In laboratory bioassays, we found that adult alfalfa leafcutting and honey bees were susceptible to three strains of B. bassiana. A commercial strain, GHA, was the most pathogenic and virulent, causing approximately 45-80% mortality at a dose of 1 x 10(5) conidia per bee, and >80% mortality at 1 x 10(6) conidia per bee. A new strain that is very pathogenic to lygus, 17-41, caused less than 20% mortality in honey bees at 1 x 10(5) conidia per bee. The alfalfa leafcutting bee was more susceptible than honey bees to all three strains of the fungus. B. bassiana killed almost twice as many alfalfa leafcutting bees, and mortality occurred 1-3 days earlier. Field experiments are needed to further determine the risks this microbial control agent poses to pollinators. C1 [James, R. R.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Pollinating Insects Res Unit, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [McGuire, M. R.] USDA ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Shafter, CA USA. [Leland, J. E.] USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS USA. RP James, RR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Pollinating Insects Res Unit, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Rosalind.James@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 21 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 EI 2162-2647 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 37 IS 1 BP 13 EP 21 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 943MJ UT WOS:000304127400002 ER PT J AU Lopez, JD Latheef, MA Ree, B AF Lopez, Juan D., Jr. Latheef, M. A. Ree, Bill TI Toxicity by Glass-Vial Bioassay of Selected Pyrethroid and Organophosphate Insecticides to Adult Brown Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) from Central Texas SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID COTTON; HETEROPTERA; PERFORMANCE; RESISTANCE; MIRIDAE; DAMAGE; GREEN AB Brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say), has greatly increased in numbers in the Brazos Valley in Central Texas and in many other areas of the Cotton Belt, and has become a major pest of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and other crops including pecans, Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch. Use of insecticides is among the most important of the limited control options available against this pest. Glass-vial bioassays were used to evaluate the toxicity of selected synthetic pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides to adult brown stink bug captured in blacklight traps. A comparison was also made of toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin to brown stink bug collected directly from the field to those captured in blacklight traps. Lethal concentration value (LC50) (upper and lower 95% confidence limits) for dicrotophos for 24-hour response, 0.30 (0.24-0.37) mu g per vial, was significantly less compared to acephate with an LC50 of 1.38 (1.01-1.81) mu g per vial and chlorpyrifos with an LC50 of 5.00 (4.27-5.67) mu g per vial. Dicrotophos was five- and 17-fold more toxic to brown stink bug than acephate and chlorpyrifos, respectively. The order of toxicity to brown stink bug for synthetic pyrethroids was: bifenthrin = zeta-cypermethrin = gamma-cyhalothrin > lambda-cyhalothrin > cypermethrin. LC50 values ranged from 0.27 (0.18-0.51) for bifenthrin to 1.35 (1.01-1.90) mu g per vial for cypermethrin, a five-fold difference. LC50 values for brown stink bugs collected from the field or captured in blacklight traps were not significantly different which suggests that brown stink bugs captured in blacklight traps may be used for insecticide bioassays. Data presented are useful for selecting insecticides for control and establishing baselines to monitor development of resistance of brown stink bugs to insecticides in the Brazos Valley of Central Texas. C1 [Lopez, Juan D., Jr.; Latheef, M. A.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. [Ree, Bill] Texas AgriLife Extens, Bryan, TX USA. RP Lopez, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 EI 2162-2647 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 37 IS 1 BP 39 EP 46 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 943MJ UT WOS:000304127400005 ER PT J AU Teran-Vargas, AP Azuara-Dominguez, A Vega-Aquino, P Zambrano-Gutierrez, J Blanco-Montero, C AF Teran-Vargas, Antonio P. Azuara-Dominguez, Ausencio Vega-Aquino, Paulina Zambrano-Gutierrez, Jorge Blanco-Montero, Carlos TI Biological Effectivity of Insecticides to Control the Agave Weevil, Scyphophorus acupunctatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Mexico SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE; PHEROMONE AB Scyphophorus acupunctatus Gyllenhal causes economic losses to plants of the Agavaceae and Dracaenaceae families and, recently, in commercial plantations of nardo, Polianthes tuberosa L. Synthetic insecticides are the main controls, but these pesticides may not be effective, because larvae and adults are frequently found feeding in the interior of the "ball" of agave plants, far from the reach of the insecticide. The efficacy of insecticides to control this pest is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of synthetic insecticides of different toxicological groups to control S. acupunctatus. The experimental design was completely randomized. The number of dead adults was analyzed using a nonparametric variance of Kruskal Wallis. The percentages of biological effectiveness of insecticides in each bioassay were obtained by using the Abbott formula. Malathion, endosulfan, methomyl, and fipronil showed high biological efficacy. Conversely, cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, and beta-cifluthrin, of constant use in Tamaulipas to control S. acupunctatus, produced a minor effect similar to the nontreated check. However, although some insecticides were effective, it is recommended they be rotated with insecticides with different modes of action or in conjunction with other controls such as food attractants, entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes, and aggregation pheromones, to obtain better control of S. acupunctatus and prevent development of resistance to insecticide. C1 [Teran-Vargas, Antonio P.; Vega-Aquino, Paulina] CIRNE INIFAP, Villa Cuauhtemoc 89610, Tamaulipas, Mexico. [Azuara-Dominguez, Ausencio; Zambrano-Gutierrez, Jorge] Colegio Postgrad, Montecillo 56230, Estado De Mexic, Mexico. [Blanco-Montero, Carlos] USDA APHIS, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Teran-Vargas, AP (reprint author), CIRNE INIFAP, Villa Cuauhtemoc 89610, Tamaulipas, Mexico. EM azuarad@gmail.com NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 37 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 943MJ UT WOS:000304127400006 ER PT J AU Hunter, WB Glick, E Paldi, N Bextine, BR AF Hunter, Wayne B. Glick, Eitan Paldi, Nitzan Bextine, Blake R. TI Advances in RNA interference: dsRNA Treatment in Trees and Grapevines for Insect Pest Suppression SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 [Hunter, Wayne B.] ARS, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Glick, Eitan; Paldi, Nitzan] Beeologics LLC, Miami, FL 33156 USA. [Bextine, Blake R.] Univ Texas Tyler, Tyler, TX 75799 USA. RP Hunter, WB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM Wayne.hunter@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 19 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 37 IS 1 BP 85 EP 87 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 943MJ UT WOS:000304127400010 ER PT J AU Sui, R Byler, RK AF Sui, R. Byler, R. K. TI AIR-BAR COTTON LINT CLEANER SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Cotton lint cleaner; Compressed air; Cotton gin; Fiber quality AB Saw-type lint cleaners are now the most common lint cleaners used at gins because of their higher cleaning efficiency. Saw-type lint cleaning improves the grade of the fiber and increases the market value for the farmer. However, during the cleaning process the saw-type lint cleaners damage fiber in creating short fibers and neps. An innovative air-bar lint cleaner (ABLC) was designed and built. The ABLC used pressurized air to clean non-lint materials from cotton fiber while the cotton fiber butt was on a rotating saw cylinder: Thus, non-lint materials attached to the fiber were removed by the interaction of blowing force of compressed airflow and centrifugal force created by the rotating cylinder without the fiber making mechanical contact with a solid object, such as a grid bar The fiber quality could be preserved by reducing the damage from mechanical impact of the fiber against the grid bar during the lint cleaning process. Preliminary testing of the ABLC prototype was conducted. Compared with cotton cleaned using the conventional saw-type lint cleaner, cotton cleaned using the ABLC had better fiber quality properties, including less short fiber content, less trash content, longer fiber length by number, less immature fiber content, lower yellowness, and less lint content in the lint waste. C1 [Sui, R.] USDA ARS, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Byler, R. K.] USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Sui, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ruixiu.sui@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 28 IS 2 BP 173 EP 177 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 939CH UT WOS:000303784100001 ER PT J AU Garbrecht, J AF Garbrecht, J. TI RANDOM, BUT UNIFORM PLEASE: REQUIREMENTS FOR SYNTHETIC PRECIPITATION GENERATION FOR COMPUTER SIMULATIONS IN AGRICULTURE SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Precipitation generation; Random numbers; Weather generator; Hydrologic simulation ID STOCHASTIC WEATHER SIMULATION; PARAMETERS AB Observed weather records are often too short or discontinuous for long-term simulation of hydrologic processes. These shortcomings can be remedied with computer-generated synthetic weather. Generation of synthetic weather involves the use of random numbers (RN) to simulate the stochastic nature of daily weather. In arid and semi-arid regions, sometimes only a few RNs are needed for the generation of daily precipitation amount because rainfall events are scarce and infrequent. However, small samples of RNs are not always uniformly distributed as assumed by the precipitation model. This can lead to generated daily precipitation amounts that have distribution statistics different from those of the observed precipitation, which, in turn, can affect subsequent model simulations that use the synthetic precipitation. A random number resampling procedure (called RANSAM) was developed to ensure that as few as 50 RNs would approximate both mean and standard deviation of the uniform distribution within +/-5% of theoretical values, while retaining essential random characteristics. The adherence of RNs to the uniform distribution led to generated daily precipitation amounts that have statistics close to those of the underlying observed precipitation. Without RANSAM, about 300 or more conventional RNs would be needed to obtain a uniform distribution of similar level of accuracy. RANSAM was verified with precipitation data at four weather stations in the western United States. It demonstrated that precipitation amounts generated with RNs by RANSAM were consistently closer and converged faster to observed precipitation statistics than for precipitation generated with conventional RNs. Thus, in dry climates when only few RNs are needed to generate daily precipitation amount and uniformity of RNs is an issue, RANSAM offers an alternate source of RNs that more consistently adhere to the uniform distribution as assumed by the precipitation model. C1 USDA ARS, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Garbrecht, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM jurgen.garbrecht@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 28 IS 2 BP 207 EP 217 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 939CH UT WOS:000303784100005 ER PT J AU Haff, RP Young, R AF Haff, R. P. Young, R. TI A REDESIGNED DFA MOISTURE METER SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Moisture meter; Wheatstone bridge; DFA; Dried fruit; Potentiometer AB The DFA moisture meter has been internationally recognized as the standard for determining moisture content of dried fruit in general and is the AOAC Official Method 972.2 for measuring moisture in prunes and raisins since 1972. The device has remained virtually unchanged since its inception, with its operation based on conductance of a sample across an electrode pair that forms one branch of a Wheatstone bridge. In recent times, obtaining appropriate parts for the device has become problematic, as maintaining the original Wheatstone bridge design requires a precision potentiometer with nearly identical non-linear characteristics to the original. The design of the moisture meter has now been updated to use modern electronic components to, among other things, mimic the original potentiometer so that calibration charts, as well as AOAC certification, remain valid. The redesigned meter was compared to the original in moisture readings of raisins, prunes, and apricots. Scatter plot regression resulted in R-2 of 0.9999 and slope of 0.9902, indicating high correlation and identity between the original and modified meters. The updated device automates the time-consuming and error-prone steps currently performed manually and determines moisture content in 7 s. C1 [Haff, R. P.; Young, R.] ARS, USDA, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Haff, RP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, WRRC, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Ron.Haff@ars.usda.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 28 IS 2 BP 221 EP 223 PG 3 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 939CH UT WOS:000303784100006 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, R Hicks, KB Wilson, J Challa, RK AF Srinivasan, R. Hicks, K. B. Wilson, J. Challa, R. K. TI EFFECT OF BARLEY ROLLER MILLING ON FRACTIONATION OF FLOUR USING SIEVING AND AIR CLASSIFICATION SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Barley; Mill; Fiber; Separation; Hull; Elusieve; Ethanol ID DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; HULL-LESS BARLEY; BETA-GLUCAN; FIBER SEPARATION; STARCH; ELUTRIATION; PROTEIN AB Separation of hulls prior to fermentation of barley flour could increase fuel ethanol productivity and the hulls would be an additional coproduct. In a recent study, it was found that the Elusieve process, a combination of sieving and elutriation (air classification), was effective in separating hulls from flour produced by hammer milling of a hulled barley variety "Thoroughbred." Roller milling is another common method used for producing flour from grains. The objectives of this work were: I) to study the effect of roller milling on the efficacy of sieving and air classification for fractionation of Thoroughbred barley flour, and 2) to study the effect of roller milling parameters such as the gap between rollers and number of corrugations per inch in rollers on fractionation. Sieving and air classification were effective for hull separation from roller milled flours. The increase in starch content from 59.6% in the original flour to 62.1%-65.4% in the enhanced flour would increase productivity of fuel ethanol from barley. Loss of starch into the fiber product was low: 0.8%-1.1%. In the cases where barley was milled using an additional set of rolls that had a high number of corrugations per inch, air classification was not needed (sieving alone was sufficient) for producing the enhanced flour. In the cases where either only one set of rolls were used or where the additional set of rolls had low number of corrugations per inch, air classification was needed for producing the enhanced flour. C1 [Srinivasan, R.; Challa, R. K.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Hicks, K. B.; Wilson, J.] USDA, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Srinivasan, R (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, 130 Creelman St,Box 9632, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM rs634@msstate.edu NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 28 IS 2 BP 225 EP 230 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 939CH UT WOS:000303784100007 ER PT J AU Yoon, SC Lawrence, KC Jones, DR Heitschmidt, GW AF Yoon, S. C. Lawrence, K. C. Jones, D. R. Heitschmidt, G. W. TI IMPROVED MODIFIED PRESSURE IMAGING AND SOFTWARE FOR EGG MICRO-CRACK DETECTION AND EGG QUALITY GRADING SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Egg crack; Micro-crack; Check; Egg; Crack detection; PY-75; Image processing; Negative pressure; Grading ID MACHINE VISION AB Cracks in the egg shell increase the food safety risk. Eggs with very fine, hairline cracks (micro-cracks) are often undetected during the grading process because they are almost impossible to detect visually. A modified pressure imaging system was developed to detect eggs with micro-cracks and regular cracks alike without adversely affecting egg quality. The modified pressure imaging system forces a change in pressure from the atmospheric pressure to the negative pressure (vacuum) in an enclosure to open the cracked shell surface momentarily, while intensity changes in the open shell surface are recorded by a high-resolution digital camera and detected by an image processing algorithm. In this article, modifications and improvements to the system are reported along with application software development. The previous design for 15 eggs was modified to accommodate 20 eggs and improved to add a stepper motor to image the entire surface of eggs automatically and the data management software was added to aid a professional grader in egg grading. In a three-day study with 3,000 eggs in a commercial egg processing plant, a professional grader operated the 20-egg imaging system after a short training on the first day and another professional grader graded the eggs with hand candling. The accuracy in crack detection of both graders and the system itself was compared in order to test the crack-detection performance of the system and to explore the possibility of the use of the system for egg grading by USDA graders. The system automatically detected checked and cracked eggs with 94.53% accuracy with 0.29% of a false positive rate while a hand candler had 83.58% accuracy in crack detection. The grader operating the system had 98.51% accuracy in crack detection without any false positives. Other quality factors were also graded by both graders. The study demonstrated the potential of the system for egg grading in high accuracy. C1 [Yoon, S. C.; Lawrence, K. C.; Jones, D. R.; Heitschmidt, G. W.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Yoon, SC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM seungchul.yoon@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 28 IS 2 BP 283 EP 293 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 939CH UT WOS:000303784100014 ER PT J AU Guyette, RP Stambaugh, MC Dey, DC Muzika, RM AF Guyette, Richard P. Stambaugh, Michael C. Dey, Daniel C. Muzika, Rose-Marie TI Predicting Fire Frequency with Chemistry and Climate SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE North America; climate; dendro-chronology; fire frequency; physical chemistry ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; FOREST-FIRE; KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; BOREAL FOREST; REGIMES; WILDFIRE; HISTORY; DYNAMICS; CHARCOAL AB A predictive equation for estimating fire frequency was developed from theories and data in physical chemistry, ecosystem ecology, and climatology. We refer to this equation as the Physical Chemistry Fire Frequency Model (PC2FM). The equation was calibrated and validated with North American fire data (170 sites) prior to widespread industrial influences (before similar to 1850 CE) related to land use, fire suppression, and recent climate change to minimize non-climatic effects. We derived and validated the empirically based PC2FM for the purpose of estimating mean fire intervals (MFIs) from proxies of mean maximum temperature, precipitation, their interaction, and estimated reactant concentrations. Parameterization of the model uses reaction rate equations based on the concentration and physical chemistry of fuels and climate. The model was then calibrated and validated using centuries of empirical fire history data. An application of the PC2FM regression equation is presented and used to estimate historic MFI as controlled by climate. We discuss the effects of temperature, precipitation, and their interactions on fire frequency using the PC2FM concept and results. The exclusion of topographic, vegetation, and ignition variables from the PC2FM increased error at fine spatial scales, but allowed for the prediction of complex climate effects at broader temporal and spatial scales. The PC2FM equation is used to map coarse-scale historic fire frequency and assess climate impacts on landscape-scale fire regimes. C1 [Guyette, Richard P.; Stambaugh, Michael C.; Muzika, Rose-Marie] Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Missouri Tree Ring Lab, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Dey, Daniel C.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Guyette, RP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Missouri Tree Ring Lab, 203 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM guyetter@missouri.edu FU Joint Fire Science Program [06-3-1-16] FX Development of the PC2FM was supported by the Joint Fire Science Program (Project 06-3-1-16), the National Park Service and Great Plains Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit (CESU), and the US Forest Service Northern Research Station. We thank the many authors who have made their work available through publications and the International Multiproxy Paleofire Database (see Supplementary Data 2) as well as the comments provided by reviewers. NR 56 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD MAR PY 2012 VL 15 IS 2 BP 322 EP 335 DI 10.1007/s10021-011-9512-0 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 936PE UT WOS:000303601700012 ER PT J AU Fiume, E Fletcher, JC AF Fiume, Elisa Fletcher, Jennifer C. TI Regulation of Arabidopsis Embryo and Endosperm Development by the Polypeptide Signaling Molecule CLE8 SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID STEM-CELL FATE; GENE-EXPRESSION; ROOT-MERISTEM; KINASE GENE; SEED SIZE; FAMILY; CLV3; THALIANA; PROTEIN; PROLIFERATION AB The plant seed is a major nutritional source for humans as well as an essential embryo development and dispersal unit. To ensure proper seed formation, fine spatial and temporal coordination between the embryo, endosperm, and maternal seed components must be achieved. However, the intercellular signaling pathways that direct the synchronous development of these tissues are poorly understood. Here we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana peptide ligand CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED8 (CLE8) is exclusively expressed in young embryos and endosperm, and that it acts cell and noncell autonomously to regulate basal embryo cell division patterns, endosperm proliferation, and the timing of endosperm differentiation. CLE8 positively regulates expression of the transcription factor gene WUSCHEL-LIKE HOMEOBOX8 (WOX8), and together CLE8 and WOX8 form a signaling module that promotes seed growth and overall seed size. These results demonstrate that seed development is coordinated by a secreted peptide ligand that plays a key early role in orchestrating cell patterning and proliferation in the embryo and endosperm. C1 [Fiume, Elisa; Fletcher, Jennifer C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fletcher, Jennifer C.] Univ Calif, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Fletcher, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jfletcher@berkeley.edu OI Fiume, Elisa/0000-0001-6788-0231 FU National Science Foundation [0313546]; U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service [5335-21000-029-00D] FX We thank Robert Fischer, Frederic Berger, Frans Tax, Adriana Racolta, Enrico Magnani, Mona Monfared, Robert Blanvillain, and Cristel Carles for helpful comments and discussions, Thomas Laux and Frederic Berger for marker lines, and Minna Mahonen for assistance with genotyping. This article was funded by grants to J.C.F. from the National Science Foundation (Molecular and Cellular Biosciences 0313546) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (Current Research Information System 5335-21000-029-00D). NR 59 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD MAR PY 2012 VL 24 IS 3 BP 1000 EP 1012 DI 10.1105/tpc.111.094839 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 938VZ UT WOS:000303763000013 PM 22427333 ER PT J AU Allred, BJ AF Allred, Barry J. TI Laboratory Evaluation of Zero Valent Iron and Sulfur-Modified Iron for Agricultural Drainage Water Treatment SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID SUBSURFACE TILE DRAINS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; NITRATE REMOVAL; ATRAZINE; PHOSPHORUS; ILLINOIS; ZEOLITE; QUALITY; LOSSES; DENITRIFICATION AB Agricultural subsurface drainage waters containing nutrients (nitrate/phosphate) and pesticides are discharged into neighboring streams and lakes, frequently producing adverse environmental impacts on local, regional, and national scales. On-site drainage water filter treatment systems can potentially prevent the release of agricultural contaminants into adjacent waterways. Zero valent iron (ZVI) and sulfur-modified iron (SMI) are two types of promising filter materials that could be used within these treatment systems. Therefore, water treatment capabilities of three ZVI and three SMI filter materials were evaluated in the laboratory. Laboratory evaluation included saturated falling-head hydraulic conductivity tests, contaminant removal batch tests, and saturated solute transport column experiments. The three ZVI and the three SMI filter materials, on average, all had a sufficient hydraulic conductivity greater than 1 x 10(3) cm/s. Batch test results showed a phosphate decrease of at least 94% for all tests conducted with the ZVI and SMI. Furthermore, the three SMI filter materials removed at least 86% of the batch test nitrate originally present, while batch tests for one of the ZVI filter materials exhibited an 88% decrease in the pesticide, atrazine. Saturated solute transport column experiments were carried on the best ZVI filter material, or the best SMI filter material, or both together, in order to better evaluate drainage water treatment effectiveness and efficiency. Results from these column tests additionally document the drainage water treatment ability of both ZVI and SMI to remove the phosphate, the ability of SMI to remove nitrate, and the ability of a select ZVI material to remove atrazine. Consequently, these findings support further investigation of ZVI and SMI subsurface drainage water treatment capabilities, particularly in regard to small- and large-scale field tests. C1 ARS, USDA, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Allred, BJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil Drainage Res Unit, 590 Woody Hayes Dr,Room 234, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM Barry.Allred@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SPR PY 2012 VL 32 IS 2 BP 81 EP 95 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2011.01379.x PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 936MX UT WOS:000303595600007 ER PT J AU Kolka, R Steber, A Brooks, K Perry, CH Powers, M AF Kolka, Randy Steber, Aaron Brooks, Ken Perry, Charles H. Powers, Matt TI Relationships between Soil Compaction and Harvest Season, Soil Texture, and Landscape Position for Aspen Forests SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE soil compaction; bulk density; soil strength; logging impacts; harvest season; topography ID BULK-DENSITY; PRODUCTIVITY; DISTURBANCE; SCALE AB Although a number of harvesting studies have assessed compaction, no study has considered the interacting relationships of harvest season, soil texture, and landscape position on soil bulk density and surface soil strength for harvests in the western Lake States. In 2005, we measured bulk density and surface soil strength in recent clearcuts of predominantly aspen stands (Populus grandidentata Michx. and Populus tremuloides Michx.) in the Chippewa National Forest in northern Minnesota. We stratified these clearcuts by the season harvested, soil texture, and topographic position. In nearly all cases, we observed higher bulk density and surface soil strength following harvesting compared with adjacent and similar but unharvested stands. Within harvested sites, fine-textured soils generally had higher surface soil strength (more compaction) than coarse-textured soils when harvested in the summer, and fine-textured sites harvested in the summer had higher surface soil strength than those harvested in the winter. Landscape position was an important factor only in fine-textured soils. Both summit and toeslope positions had higher surface soil strength following summer harvesting compared with winter harvesting. Overall, our results indicate that fine-textured soils located on both lower and upper slope positions and harvested during unfrozen soil conditions are most susceptible to compaction during logging. C1 [Kolka, Randy] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Steber, Aaron] JFNew Ecol Consulting, Verona, WI 53593 USA. [Brooks, Ken] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Perry, Charles H.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Powers, Matt] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Kolka, R (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 1831 Highway 169 E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM rkolka@fs.fed.us OI Perry, Charles/0000-0001-9377-5996 FU US Forest Service FX Funding support was provided by the US Forest Service, Forest Health Monitoring, Evaluation Monitoring program. We also thank James Barott (Chippewa National Forest) and Coley Grostyan (University of Minnesota). NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 29 IS 1 BP 21 EP 25 DI 10.5849/njaf.10-039 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 933WF UT WOS:000303394900004 ER PT J AU Westfall, JA AF Westfall, James A. TI A Comparison of Above-Ground Dry-Biomass Estimators for Trees in the Northeastern United States SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE biomass components; component ratio; forest inventory; tree carbon ID EQUATIONS AB In the northeastern United States, both component and total aboveground tree dry-biomass estimates are available from several sources. In this study, comparisons were made among four methods to promote understanding of the similarities and differences in live-tree biomass estimators. The methods use various equations developed from biomass data collected in the United States and Canada. For hardwood species, estimates for biomass components tended to differ among the methods; however, the estimates for total aboveground biomass were more compatible. For softwood species, the biomass estimates among methods were more consistent for components and total aboveground biomass. Considerable variation in biomass component estimates exists among the four methods, suggesting that further study of biomass is needed in the northeastern United States. Ideally, reliable biomass estimators would be established via a regionwide study having consistent and precise definitions and measurement protocols. C1 US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Westfall, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 11 Campus Blvd,Suite 200, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM jameswestfall@fs.fed.us NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 29 IS 1 BP 26 EP 34 DI 10.5849/njaf.11-001 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 933WF UT WOS:000303394900005 ER PT J AU Hirooka, Y Rossman, AY Samuels, GJ Lechat, C Chaverri, P AF Hirooka, Y. Rossman, A. Y. Samuels, G. J. Lechat, C. Chaverri, P. TI A monograph of Allantonectria, Nectria, and Pleonectria (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota) and their pycnidial, sporodochial, and synnematous anamorphs SO STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE act; Ascomycetes; Gyrostroma; ITS; LSU; molecular systematics; Nectriaceae; plant pathogen; rpb1 tef1; tub; Tubercularia; Zythiostroma ID THYRONECTRIA-AUSTRO-AMERICANA; SOLANI SPECIES COMPLEX; SP-NOV; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; PHYLOGENY; FUSARIUM; CANKER; FUNGI; HONEYLOCUST; BIONECTRIACEAE AB Although Nectria is the type genus of Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota), the systematics of the teleomorphic and anamorphic state of Nectria sensu Rossman has not been studied in detail. The objectives of this study are to 1) provide a phylogenetic overview to determine if species of Nectria with Gyrostroma, Tubercularia, and Zythiostroma anamorphs form a monophyletic group; 2) define Nectria, segregate genera, and their species using morphologically informative characters of teleomorphic and anamorphic states; and 3) provide descriptions and illustrations of these genera and species. To accomplish these objectives, results of phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data from six loci (act, ITS, LSU, rpb1, tef1 and tub), were integrated with morphological characterisations of anamorphs and teleomorphs. Results from the phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that species previously regarded as the genus Nectria having Gyrostroma, Tubercularia, and Zythiostroma anamorphs belong in two major paraphyletic clades. The first major clade regarded as the genus Pleonectria contains 26 species with ascoconidia produced by ascospores in asci, perithecial walls having bright yellow scurf, and immersed or superficial pycnidial anamorphs (Zythiostroma = Gyrostroma). A lineage basal to the Pleonectria clade includes Nectria miltina having very small, aseptate ascospores, and trichoderma-like conidiophores and occurring on monocotyledonous plants. These characteristics are unusual in Pleonectria, thus we recognise the monotypic genus Allantonectria with Allantonectria miltina. The second major clade comprises the genus Nectria sensu stricto including the type species, N. cinnabarina, and 28 additional species. Within the genus Nectria, four subclades exist. One subclade includes species with sporodochial anamorphs and another with synnematous anamorphs. The other two paraphyletic subclades include species that produce abundant stromata in which the large perithecia are immersed, large ascospores, and peculiar anamorphs that form pycnidia or sporodochia either on their natural substrate or in culture. In this study the evolution of species, morphology, and ecology of the three genera, Allantonectria, Nectria, and Pleonectria, are discussed based on the phylogenetic analyses. In addition, descriptions, illustrations, and keys for identification are presented for the 56 species in Allantonectria, Nectria, and Pleonectria. C1 [Hirooka, Y.; Chaverri, P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hirooka, Y.; Rossman, A. Y.; Samuels, G. J.] ARS, USDA, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lechat, C.] AscoFrance, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, France. RP Hirooka, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, 2112 Plant Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM YuuriHirooka@gmail.com OI Chaverri, Priscila/0000-0002-8486-6033 FU United States National Science Foundation (NSF) PEET [DEB-0731510] FX This study was supported by the United States National Science Foundation (NSF) PEET grant DEB-0731510 'Monographic Studies in the Nectriaceae Hypocreales: Nectria, Cosmospora, and Neonectria' to University of Maryland (PIs: P. Chaverri, A.Y. Rossman, G.J. Samuels). NR 167 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 25 PU CENTRAALBUREAU SCHIMMELCULTURE PI UTRECHT PA PO BOX 85167, 3508 AD UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0616 J9 STUD MYCOL JI Stud. Mycol. PD MAR PY 2012 IS 71 BP 1 EP 210 DI 10.3114/sim0001 PG 210 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 935BD UT WOS:000303491100001 ER PT J AU Entry, JA Sojka, RE AF Entry, James A. Sojka, Robert E. TI Matrix-Based Fertilizers Reduce Pesticide Leaching in Soil SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Matrix-based fertilizers; 2,4-D; Metolachlor; Thiophanate methyl; Carbaryl; Diazinon; Malathion; Leaching ID CONTROLLED-RELEASE; DEGRADATION; METOLACHLOR; KINETICS; FORMULATIONS; TRANSPORT; CELLULOSE; MALATHION; ALACHLOR; DIAZINON AB The presence of pesticides in groundwater has been documented in several large-scale studies and numerous small-scale investigations. Pesticide leaching through soil has been identified as a major cause for the occurrence of these chemicals in surface and groundwater. We developed matrix-based fertilizers (MBFs) that have been shown to reduce N and P leaching. We tested the efficacy of the ionic bonds in the MBFs to reduce 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), metolachlor, thiophanate methyl, carbaryl, diazinon, and malathion leaching in soil columns. After 7 days 2,4-D, thiophanate methyl, carbaryl, and malathion did not leach in sufficient quantities to determine if the MBF fertilizers reduced leaching compared with the control and the slow-release fertilizer Polyon (R). The MBF fertilizers leached from five to 30 times less metolachlor than the control and Polyon (R) treatment. Treatments with MBF fertilizers leached from two to 72 times less diazinon than the control treatment. The MBF fertilizer treatment leached from eight to 268 less diazinon than columns receiving Polyon (R). The MBF formulations allow compounds with both anionic and cationic charges to bind with the Al(SO4)(3) 3H(2)O and/or Fe-2(SO4)(3) 3H(2)O-lignin-cellulose matrix. When pesticides are added to the soil amended with matrix-based fertilizers, the ion exchange matrix will likely bind the metolachlor and diazinon to the Al(SO4)(3) 3H(2)O and/or Fe-2(SO4)(3) 3H(2)O-starch-cellulose-lignin matrix thereby substantially reducing leaching. The MBFs could be used to limit both nutrients and pesticide leaching from agricultural fields. C1 [Entry, James A.; Sojka, Robert E.] ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83443 USA. RP Entry, JA (reprint author), Nurtigrown LCC, 9250 Bendix Rd N,Suite 545, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. EM Jim.Entry@nutrigrown.com; Bob.Sojka@nutrigrown.com NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 223 IS 3 BP 1295 EP 1302 DI 10.1007/s11270-011-0945-z PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 933TL UT WOS:000303385500030 ER PT J AU Blanco, JM Long, JA Gee, G Wildt, DE Donoghue, AM AF Blanco, Juan M. Long, Julie A. Gee, George Wildt, David E. Donoghue, Ann M. TI Comparative cryopreservation of avian spermatozoa: Effects of freezing and thawing rates on turkey and sandhill crane sperm cryosurvival SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Spermatozoa; Turkey; Crane; Freezing rate; Fertility ID ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; FERTILIZING ABILITY; FOWL SPERMATOZOA; CHICKEN SEMEN; GANDER SEMEN; COOLING RATE; FROZEN; VIABILITY; POULTRY; CRYOPROTECTANTS AB A comparative approach was used to evaluate semen cooling rates, thawing rates and freezing volume on the cryosurvival of avian sperm. Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) and sandhill crane (Grus canadensis) sperm were cryopreserved with dimethylacetamide (DMA) concentrations ranging from 6% to 26%. Experiments evaluated the efficacy of (1) rapid, moderate and slow cooling rates, (2) rapid and slow thawing rates, and (3) final volume of semen frozen (0.2 mL compared to 0.5 mL). For crane sperm only, additional experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of sucrose on cryosurvival. The functionality of frozen/thawed crane sperm was evaluated by fertility trials. For all studies, sperm viability was assessed using the nigrosin-eosin stain. Higher percentages of crane and turkey sperm maintained intact membranes when frozen with moderate or slow cooling rates compared to rapid cooling rates (P < 0.05), regardless of DMA concentration. Turkey sperm viability was not affected by thawing rate at any DMA concentration (P > 0.05). Crane sperm viability was only affected by thawing rate for the 24% DMA treatment, where moderate thawing was better than slow thawing (P < 0.05). Sperm viability was not affected by the semen volume used for freezing for either species (P > 0.05). The percentage of membrane-intact crane sperm at lower DMA concentrations was improved by addition of 0.1 M sucrose (P < 0.05) but not 0.29 M NaCl. The mean fertility rate from frozen/thawed crane semen was 57.5%, and 71.4% of the fertile eggs hatched. The viability of crane sperm was always greater than turkey sperm, regardless of cooling rate, thawing rate or volume of semen frozen. These data verify avian-specific differences in sperm cryosurvival, further emphasize the need for species specific studies to optimize cryopreservation protocols. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Blanco, Juan M.; Long, Julie A.] ARS, USDA, ANRI, ABBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Blanco, Juan M.] Aquila Fdn, Toledo, Spain. [Blanco, Juan M.] CERI Toledo, Ctr Studies Iberian Raptors, Toledo, Spain. [Gee, George] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Wildt, David E.] Conservat & Res Ctr, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Donoghue, Ann M.] ARS, USDA, PPPSRU, Fayetteville, AR 71656 USA. RP Long, JA (reprint author), BARC E, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Bldg 200,Room 120,Powder Mill Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM julie.long@ars.usda.gov FU USDA [SP 33]; Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, USGS; Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Women's Committee; Aquila Foundation FX This study was supported by the USDA Foreign Agricultural Services Project #SP 33, the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, USGS, the Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, the Smithsonian Institution/British Airways partnership, the Smithsonian Women's Committee and the Aquila Foundation. Mention of a trade name, proprietary product or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by USDA or imply its approval to the exclusion of other suitable products or vendors. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 131 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.02.001 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 930IO UT WOS:000303133300001 PM 22406423 ER PT J AU Ohm, JB Simsek, S Mergoum, M AF Ohm, Jae-Bom Simsek, Senay Mergoum, Mohamed TI Modeling of Dough Mixing Profile Under Thermal and Nonthermal Constraint for Evaluation of Breadmaking Quality of Hard Spring Wheat Flour SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MIXOGRAPH PARAMETERS; SIMPLEX-METHOD; CROSS-LINKING; GLUTEN; BAKING; WINTER; PREDICTION; PROTEIN AB This research was initiated to investigate associations between flour breadmaking traits and mixing and empirical dough rheological properties under thermal stress. Thirty hard spring wheat flour samples were analyzed by a Mixolab standard procedure. Mixolab profiles were divided into six different stages, and torque measurements of individual stages were modeled by nonlinear curve fitting using a compound of two solution searching procedures, multidimensional unconstrained nonlinear minimization and genetic algorithm. Mixing patterns followed exponential equations. Dough torque patterns under heat constraint, specifically dough thermal weakening and pasting profiles, were described by a sigmoid logistic equation as a function of time. Dough stability during heating appeared important for bread loaf volume increase from significant correlations between bread loaf volume and parameters generated from models of a dough thermal weakening stage. Multivariate continuum regression was employed to calibrate prediction models of baking traits using Mixolab parameters. Coefficients of determination estimated from prediction models and cross-validation were greater than 0.98 for bake water absorption, mixing time, and bread loaf volume, indicating that the Mixolab parameters have a potential to enhance evaluation of flour breadmaking quality. C1 [Ohm, Jae-Bom] ARS, USDA, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Cereal Crops Res Unit,Hard Spring & Durum Wheat Q, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Simsek, Senay; Mergoum, Mohamed] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Ohm, JB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Cereal Crops Res Unit,Hard Spring & Durum Wheat Q, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM jae.ohm@ars.usda.gov RI Mergoum, Mohamed/D-3815-2014 FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5442-43440-009-00D] FX Mr. Vincent Cariou is gratefully acknowledged for assistance in the Mixolab analysis. We appreciate Northern Crop Institute, Hard Spring Wheat Quality Laboratory, and Hard Spring Wheat Breeding Program, NDSU, for their help in this research. Mr. Dubat and Dr. Krishnan are also appreciated for their kind review and suggestions on this paper. A part of this work was supported by the USDA-ARS CRIS Project No. 5442-43440-009-00D. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 89 IS 2 BP 135 EP 141 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-07-11-0095 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 932VO UT WOS:000303318800010 ER PT J AU Sitther, V Zhang, DP Dhekney, SA Harris, DL Yadav, AK Okie, WR AF Sitther, Viji Zhang, Dapeng Dhekney, Sadanand A. Harris, Donna L. Yadav, Anand K. Okie, William R. TI Cultivar Identification, Pedigree Verification, and Diversity Analysis among Peach Cultivars Based on Simple Sequence Repeat Markers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fingerprinting; genetic variation; inbreeding; molecular markers; parent-sibship analysis ID PRUNUS-PERSICA L.; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SWEET CHERRY; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; AVIUM L.; BATSCH; GERMPLASM; INFERENCE AB Information on genetic relationships and pedigree structure in germplasm collections is vital to breeders in crop improvement programs. In this study, we assessed genetic identity, kinship distance, and parentage sibship relationships among 37 peach (Prunus persica) accessions and breeding lines using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Pairwise comparisons based on multilocus SSR profiles led to the identification of two synonymous groups including five accessions. Two pairs of parent offspring and one full sibling relationships were identified using the likelihood method, and Bayesian cluster analysis partitioned the accessions into groups that were partially compatible with the known pedigree, origin, and flesh color. The 37 accessions were grouped into four clusters, which were largely supported by the known pedigree and origin of these accessions. Although the observed mean heterozygosity was 0.219, mean inbreeding coefficient was 0.635, indicating a high degree of inbreeding among the accessions. Eleven of the 15 SSR markers (73.3%) tested were transferable to nine related Prunus species. Results of the study demonstrate that these SSRs could facilitate the assessment of genetic identity and pedigree structure. C1 [Sitther, Viji] Morgan State Univ, Dept Biol, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA. [Zhang, Dapeng] USDA ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Dhekney, Sadanand A.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Plant Sci, Sheridan Res & Extens Ctr, Sheridan, WY 82801 USA. [Harris, Donna L.] Ft Valley State Univ, Stallworth Agr Res Stn 126B, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. [Yadav, Anand K.] Ft Valley State Univ, Biotechnol Program, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. [Yadav, Anand K.] Ft Valley State Univ, Grad Program, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. [Okie, William R.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Sitther, V (reprint author), Morgan State Univ, Dept Biol, Carnegie G64,1700 E Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA. EM viji.sitther@morgan.edu FU Fort Valley State University Agricultural Research Station FX We thank Bryan Blackburn of USDA-ARS, SEFTNR, for assistance with sample collection. Support provided by the Fort Valley State University Agricultural Research Station is acknowledged. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 137 IS 2 BP 114 EP 121 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 932QO UT WOS:000303305800006 ER PT J AU Pachepsky, Y Morrow, J Guber, A Shelton, D Rowland, R Davies, G AF Pachepsky, Y. Morrow, J. Guber, A. Shelton, D. Rowland, R. Davies, G. TI Effect of biofilm in irrigation pipes on microbial quality of irrigation water SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biofilms; E; coli (all potentially pathogenic types); environmental; recreational water; food safety; microbial contamination ID DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM BIOFILMS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DRINKING-WATER; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; FRESH-WATER; PERSISTENCE; COLIFORMS; PATHOGENS; CONTAMINATION AB Aims: The focus of this work was to investigate the contribution of native Escherichia coli to the microbial quality of irrigation water and to determine the potential for contamination by E. coli associated with heterotrophic biofilms in pipe-based irrigation water delivery systems. Methods and Results: The aluminium pipes in the sprinkler irrigation system were outfitted with coupons that were extracted before each of the 2-h long irrigations carried out with weekly intervals. Water from the creek water and sprinklers, residual water from the previous irrigation and biofilms on the coupons Were analysed for E. coli. high E. coli concentrations in Water remaining in irrigation pipes between irrigation events Were indicative of E. coli growth. In two of the four irrigations, the probability of the sample source, (creek vs sprinkler), being a noninfluential factor, was only 0.44, that is, source was an important factor. The population of bacteria associated with the biofilm on pipe walls was estimated to be larger than that in water in pipes in the first three irrigation events and comparable to one in the fourth event. Conclusion: Biofilm-associated F coli. can affect microbial quality of irrigation water and, therefore, should not be neglected when estimating bacterial mass balances for irrigation systems. Significance and Impact of the Study: This work is the first peer-reviewed report on the impact of biofilms on microbial quality of irrigation waters. Flushing of the irrigation system may be a useful management practice to decrease the risk of microbial contamination of produce. Because microbial water quality can be substantially modified while water is transported in an irrigation system, it becomes imperative to monitor water quality at fields, rather than just at the intake. C1 [Pachepsky, Y.; Guber, A.; Shelton, D.; Rowland, R.; Davies, G.] ARS, USDA, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Morrow, J.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pachepsky, Y (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM yakov.pachepsky@ars.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0266-8254 EI 1472-765X J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 54 IS 3 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2011.03192.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 895NO UT WOS:000300503200008 PM 22150421 ER PT J AU Jahoor, F AF Jahoor, Farook TI Effects of decreased availability of sulfur amino acids in severe childhood undernutrition SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE pediatrics; severe childhood undernutrition; sulfur amino acids ID ERYTHROCYTE GLUTATHIONE SYNTHESIS; PROTEIN-ENERGY MALNUTRITION; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; HIV-INFECTION; CHILDREN; KWASHIORKOR; METABOLISM; PATHOGENESIS; RATS; METHIONINE AB In studies of glutathione (GSH) metabolism in children with severe childhood undernutrition (SCU), slower erythrocyte GSH synthesis in children with edema was associated with lower concentrations of cysteine, the rate-limiting precursor of GSH synthesis. This finding suggested a shortage of cysteine available for GSH synthesis in children with edematous SCU. The plasma concentration of methionine, the sulfur donor for cysteine synthesis, was also lower in children with edematous SCU, suggesting decreased availability of methionine for cysteine synthesis. It is also possible that reduced methionine availability will result in decreased synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine, which could lead to an overall defect in methylation reactions. This review focuses on the relationship between cysteine availability and GSH synthesis in children with SCU. It also examines whether there is an inadequate supply of cysteine in those with edematous SCU and, if so, whether this is due to a shortage of methionine due to a decreased release of methionine from protein breakdown. Finally, the review explores whether a shortage of methionine results in decreased synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine, the universal methyl donor. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Jahoor, F (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM fjahoor@bcm.tmc.edu FU National Institutes of Health [RO1 DK 056689]; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-6250-6001] FX This research was supported by a grant (RO1 DK 056689) from the National Institutes of Health and by federal funds from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, under Cooperative Agreement Number 58-6250-6001. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 70 IS 3 BP 176 EP 187 DI 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00462.x PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 898ET UT WOS:000300719900007 PM 22364160 ER PT J AU Nachman, RJ AF Nachman, Ronald J. TI Invertebrate neuropeptides XII Introduction SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Insect Neuropeptide Lab, Areawide Pest Management Res, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Nachman, RJ (reprint author), USDA, Insect Neuropeptide Lab, Areawide Pest Management Res, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM nachman@tamu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD MAR PY 2012 VL 34 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.01.021 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 926SM UT WOS:000302851500001 PM 22314078 ER PT J AU Predel, R Russell, WK Russell, DH Suh, CPC Nachman, RJ AF Predel, Reinhard Russell, William K. Russell, David H. Suh, Charles P-C Nachman, Ronald J. TI Neuropeptides of the cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter) SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE CAPA-peptides; Short neuropeptide F; Corazonin; Myosuppressin; Mass spectrometry; Insect neuropeptides; Pseudatomoscelis seriatus; Miridae; Hemiptera ID BUG RHODNIUS-PROLIXUS; DISEASE VECTOR; AMERICAN COCKROACH; PROTEIN HORMONES; DIURETIC HORMONE; CAPA PEPTIDES; IDENTIFICATION; HEMIPTERA; PEPTIDOMICS; CORAZONIN AB The cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter), is an economically important pest of cotton, and increasing concerns over resistance, detrimental effects on beneficial insects and safety issues associated with traditional insecticide applications have led to an interest in research on novel, alternative strategies for control. One such approach requires a more basic understanding of the neurohormonal system that regulates important physiological properties of the fleahopper; e.g. the expression of specific messenger molecules such as neuropeptides. Therefore we performed a peptidomic study of neural tissues from the fleahopper which led to the first identification of the sequences of native peptide hormones. These peptide hormones include the following neuropeptides: corazonin, short neuropeptide F (sNPF), myosuppressin, CAPA-pyrokinin and CAPA-PVK peptides. The CAPA-pyrokinin, sNPF, and CAPA-PVK peptides represent novel sequences. A comparison of fleahopper neuropeptides with those of related heteropteran species indicates that they are quite different. The sNPF of P. seriatus shows, among others, a novel substitution of Leu with Phe within the C-terminal region; a modification that sets it apart from the known sNPFs of not only other Heteroptera but of other arthropod species as well. The identity of the neuropeptides native to the fleahopper can aid in the potential development of biostable, bioavailable mimetic agonists and antagonists capable of disrupting the physiological functions that these neuropeptides regulate. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Predel, Reinhard] Univ Cologne, Inst Zool, Cologne Bioctr, D-50674 Cologne, Germany. [Predel, Reinhard; Suh, Charles P-C; Nachman, Ronald J.] USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Russell, William K.; Russell, David H.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, Lab Biol Mass Spectrometry, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Predel, R (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Zool, Cologne Bioctr, Zulpicher Str 47B, D-50674 Cologne, Germany. EM reinhard.predel@uni-koeln.de; nachman@tamu.edu RI Predel, Reinhard/O-5243-2015; Russell, David/C-3618-2015 OI Russell, David/0000-0003-0830-3914 FU US-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD) [IS-4205-09C]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Predel 595/6-1, Predel 595/6-2]; USDA-NIFA [2011-67013-30199] FX We acknowledge the able technical assistance of Allison Strey of USDA. This study was supported by a grant from the US-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD) (IS-4205-09C) (RJN, RP), a grant from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Predel 595/6-1,2), and USDA-NIFA Grant No. 2011-67013-30199 (RJN). NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD MAR PY 2012 VL 34 IS 1 SI SI BP 39 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.10.008 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 926SM UT WOS:000302851500006 PM 22015271 ER PT J AU Nachman, RJ Kaczmarek, K Zabrocki, J Coast, GM AF Nachman, Ronald J. Kaczmarek, Krzysztof Zabrocki, Janusz Coast, Geoffrey M. TI Active diuretic peptidomimetic insect kinin analogs that contain beta-turn mimetic motif 4-aminopyroglutamate and lack native peptide bonds SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE Insect management; Reduced peptide bond; Cricket; Malpighian tubule; Diuresis ID ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME; BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS ACARI; NEUROPEPTIDE FAMILY; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; CONFORMATION; INHIBITORS; IXODIDAE; RECEPTOR; LARVAE; CORE AB The multifunctional 'insect kinins' of arthropods share the evolutionarily conserved C-terminal pentapeptide core sequence Phe-X-1-X-2-Trp-Gly-NH2, where X-1 = His, Asn, Ser, or Tyr and X-2 = Ser, Pro, or Ala. Insect kinins regulate diuresis in many species of insects, including the house cricket, Acheta domesticus. Insect kinins, however, are susceptible to fast enzymatic degradation by endogenous peptidases that severely limit their potential use as tools for pest control or for endocrinological studies. To enhance resistance to peptidases, the core insect kinin sequence was structurally modified in this study to replace native peptide bonds susceptible to proteolytic degradation. These modifications include incorporation of two stereochemical variants of the beta-turn mimetic motif 4-aminogutamate in place of the X-1-X-2 residues, insertion of a reduced peptide bond between residues Trp-Gly, and replacement of the Phe residue with a hydrocinnamyl group. The resulting biostable, peptidomimetic analogs contain no native peptide bonds and yet retain significant diuretic activity in an in vitro cricket Malpighian tubule fluid secretion assay, matching the efficacy of a native A. domesticus kinin (Achdo-KI). These novel analogs represent ideal new tools for endocrinologists studying arthropod kinin regulated processes in vivo, and provide leads in the development of novel, environmentally friendly pest insect management agents capable of disruption of the critical processes that kinins regulate. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Nachman, Ronald J.; Kaczmarek, Krzysztof; Zabrocki, Janusz; Coast, Geoffrey M.] ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Kaczmarek, Krzysztof; Zabrocki, Janusz] Tech Univ Lodz, Inst Organ Chem, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. [Coast, Geoffrey M.] Univ London, Dept Biol Sci, London WC1E 7HX, England. RP Nachman, RJ (reprint author), ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 2881 FB Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM nachman@tamu.edu; g.coast@bbk.ac.uk RI Kaczmarek, Krzysztof/H-5741-2012 FU North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) [LST.CLG.979226]; USDA/DOD DWFP Research Initiative [00500-32000-001-01R] FX We wish to thank Allison Strey and Nan Pryor (USDA, College Station, TX) for able technical assistance. We also acknowledge financial assistance from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (RJN, GMC, KK, and JZ) Collaborative Research Grant (#LST.CLG.979226) and the USDA/DOD DWFP Research Initiative (#00500-32000-001-01R) (RJN). NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD MAR PY 2012 VL 34 IS 1 SI SI BP 262 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.09.021 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 926SM UT WOS:000302851500035 PM 22001836 ER PT J AU Nachman, RJ Hamshou, M Kaczmarek, K Zabrocki, J Smagghe, G AF Nachman, Ronald J. Hamshou, Mohamad Kaczmarek, Krzysztof Zabrocki, Janusz Smagghe, Guy TI Biostable and PEG polymer-conjugated insect pyrokinin analogs demonstrate antifeedant activity and induce high mortality in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera: Aphidae) SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE Aphicide; Hindgut myotropic; Peptidase resistant ID BIOSYNTHESIS ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; SEX-PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS; SARCOPHAGA-BULLATA LARVAE; DIAPAUSE HORMONE; ARTIFICIAL DIET; CUTICULAR MELANIZATION; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; PK/PBAN ANALOG; CORN-EARWORM; FAMILY AB The pyrokinins (PK) are multifunctional neuropeptides found in a variety of arthropod species, including the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera: Aphidae). A series of biostable pyrokinin analogs based on the shared C-terminal pentapeptide core region were fed in solutions of artificial diet to the pea aphid over a period of three days and evaluated for antifeedant and aphicidal activity. The analogs contained either modified Pro residues Oic or Hyp and or a D-amino acid in key positions to enhance resistance to tissue-bound peptidases and retain activity in a number of PK bioassays. A series of PK analogs conjugated with two lengths of polyethyleneglycol (PEG) polymers were also evaluated in the aphid feeding assay. Three of the biostable PK analogs demonstrated potent antifeedant activity, with a marked reduction in honeydew formation and very high mortality after 1 day. In contrast, a number of unmodified, natural pyrokinins and several other analogs containing some of the same structural components that promote biostability were inactive. Two of the most active analogs, Oic analog PK-Oic-1 (FT[Oic]RL-NH2) and PEGylated analog PK-dF-PEG(8) [(P-8)-YF[dF]PRL-NH2], featured aphicidal activity calculated at LC50's of 0.042 nmol/mu l 10.029 mu g/mu l] (LT50 of 1.0 day) and 0.126 nmol/mu l(LT50 of 1.3 days), respectively, matching the potency of some commercially available aphicides. Notably, a PEGylated analog of a PK antagonist can block over 55% of the aphicidal effects of the potent PK agonist PK-Oic-1, suggesting that the aphicidal effects are mediated by a PK receptor. The mechanism of this activity has yet to be established, though the aphicidal activity of the biostable analogs may result from disruption of digestive processes by interfering with gut motility patterns, a process shown to be regulated by the PKs in other insects. The active PK analogs represent potential leads in the development of selective, environmentally friendly aphid pest control agents. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Nachman, Ronald J.; Kaczmarek, Krzysztof; Zabrocki, Janusz] USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Hamshou, Mohamad; Smagghe, Guy] Univ Ghent, Fac Biosci Engn, Dept Crop Protect, Lab Agrozool, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Kaczmarek, Krzysztof; Zabrocki, Janusz] Tech Univ Lodz, Inst Organ Chem, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. RP Nachman, RJ (reprint author), USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 FB Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM nachman@tamu.edu; guy.smagghe@ugent.be RI Kaczmarek, Krzysztof/H-5741-2012 FU USDA/DOD DWFP Initiative [0500-32000-001-01R]; USDA-NIFA [2011-67013-30199]; US-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD) [IS-4205-09C]; Fund of Scientific Research (FWO-Vlaanderen, Belgium); Ghent University (BOF-UGent) FX The authors wish to thank Allison Strey (USDA, College Station) for able technical assistance. We also acknowledge financial assistance from a grant from the USDA/DOD DWFP Initiative (#0500-32000-001-01R) (RJN), a USDA-NIFA Grant No. 2011-67013-30199 (RJN) and a grant from the US-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD) (IS-4205-09C) (RJN, KK, and JZ), and support from the Fund of Scientific Research (FWO-Vlaanderen, Belgium) and the Special Research Fund of Ghent University (BOF-UGent) to GS. NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD MAR PY 2012 VL 34 IS 1 SI SI BP 266 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.11.009 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 926SM UT WOS:000302851500036 PM 22108713 ER PT J AU Lopez-Casado, G Covey, PA Bedinger, PA Mueller, LA Thannhauser, TW Zhang, S Fei, ZJ Giovannoni, JJ Rose, JKC AF Lopez-Casado, Gloria Covey, Paul A. Bedinger, Patricia A. Mueller, Lukas A. Thannhauser, Theodore W. Zhang, Sheng Fei, Zhangjun Giovannoni, James J. Rose, Jocelyn K. C. TI Enabling proteomic studies with RNA-Seq: The proteome of tomato pollen as a test case SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE iTRAQ; Pollen proteome; Technology; Unilateral incongruity ID MATURE POLLEN; TUBE GROWTH; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; UNILATERAL INCOMPATIBILITY; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; PLANT PROTEOMICS; LILY POLLEN; GERMINATION; EXPRESSION; PROTEINS AB Effective proteome profiling is generally considered to depend heavily on the availability of a high-quality DNA reference database. As such, proteomics has long been taxonomically restricted, with limited inroads being made into the proteomes of non-model organisms. However, next generation sequencing (NGS), and particularly RNA-Seq, now allows deep coverage detection of expressed genes at low cost, which in turn potentially facilitates the matching of peptide mass spectra with cognate gene sequence. To test this, we performed a quantitative analysis of the proteomes of pollen from domesticated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and two wild relatives that exhibit differences in mating systems and in interspecific reproductive barriers. Using a custom tomato RNA-Seq database created through 454 pyrosequencing, more than 1200 proteins were identified, with subsets showing expression differences between genotypes or in the accumulation of the corresponding transcripts. Importantly, no major qualitative or quantitative differences were observed in the characterized proteomes when mass spectra were used to interrogate either a highly curated community database of tomato sequences generated through traditional sequencing technologies, or the RNA-Seq database. We conclude that RNA-Seq provides a cost-effective and robust platform for protein identification and will be increasingly valuable to the field of proteomics. C1 [Lopez-Casado, Gloria; Rose, Jocelyn K. C.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Covey, Paul A.; Bedinger, Patricia A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Mueller, Lukas A.; Fei, Zhangjun; Giovannoni, James J.] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Thannhauser, Theodore W.; Fei, Zhangjun; Giovannoni, James J.] ARS, Robert W Holly Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. [Zhang, Sheng] Cornell Univ, Inst Biotechnol & Life Sci Technol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Rose, JKC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jr286@cornell.edu RI Lopez Casado, Gloria/D-3452-2012 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0605200, DBI-0606595]; New York State Office of Science, Technology and Academic Research (NYSTAR); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion de Espana FX This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation grants DBI-0605200 and DBI-0606595 and by a grant from New York State Office of Science, Technology and Academic Research (NYSTAR). G. L.-C. was funded in part by the "Sub-programa de estancias de movilidad postdoctoral en el extranjero del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion de Espana." NR 45 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1615-9853 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD MAR PY 2012 VL 12 IS 6 BP 761 EP 774 DI 10.1002/pmic.201100164 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 931PW UT WOS:000303232800003 PM 22539427 ER PT J AU Burson, BL Actkinson, JM Hussey, MA Jessup, RW AF Burson, B. L. Actkinson, J. M. Hussey, M. A. Jessup, R. W. TI Ploidy determination of buffel grass accessions in the USDA National Plant Germplasm System collection by flow cytometry SO SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Cenchrus ciliaris; Flow cytometry; Germplasm; Pennisetum ciliare; Ploidy ID CENCHRUS CILIARIS POACEAE; APOMICTIC BUFFELGRASS; FACULTATIVE APOMIXIS; PENNISETUM-CILIARE; PANICOIDEAE; FERTILIZATION; ANEUPLOIDY; PANICEAE; GENOME AB The DNA content of 568 accessions of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L. syn. Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link) in the USDA National Plant Germplasm System was determined through flow cytometry. Based on DNA content, 308 accessions were determined as tetraploids with 36 chromosomes, 139 as pentaploids with 45 chromosomes, 20 as hexaploids with 54 chromosomes, two as septaploids with 63 chromosomes, and 99 as aneuploids. (C) 2012 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Burson, B. L.; Actkinson, J. M.] Texas A&M Univ, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, USDA ARS, Heep Ctr 430, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Hussey, M. A.; Jessup, R. W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Burson, BL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, USDA ARS, Heep Ctr 430, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM byron.burson@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0254-6299 J9 S AFR J BOT JI S. Afr. J. Bot. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 79 BP 91 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.sajb.2011.12.003 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 928JL UT WOS:000302978900013 ER PT J AU Visser, B Szabo, LJ Herselman, L Pretorius, ZA AF Visser, B. Szabo, L. J. Herselman, L. Pretorius, Z. A. TI Ug99 variants of Puccinia graminis f. sp tritici in South Africa SO SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Visser, B.; Herselman, L.; Pretorius, Z. A.] Univ Free State, Dept Plant Sci, Bloemfontein, South Africa. [Szabo, L. J.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0254-6299 J9 S AFR J BOT JI S. Afr. J. Bot. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 79 BP 221 EP 221 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 928JL UT WOS:000302978900164 ER PT J AU Volpe, RJ Li, CG AF Volpe, Richard J. Li, Chenguang TI On the Frequency, Depth, and Duration of Sales at High-Low Pricing Supermarkets SO AGRIBUSINESS LA English DT Article DE D220; D400; L200 ID PROMOTIONS; BRAND; BEHAVIOR; IMPACT AB This study examines the phenomenon of advertised sales, or price discounts, at major highlow pricing (HLP) supermarkets in the United States. The authors measure and document price variability and movement using a unique and rich dataset on prices and sales drawn directly from supermarkets. Several of their key findings pertain directly to an influential study by Hosken and Reiffen (2004) on retail price variation. However, the authors estimate of price rigidity is lower than Hosken and Reiffen's while their estimate of sale frequency is higher. Moreover, the earlier study's key findings apply only to national brand products and not private labels. The authors also highlight the issue of sale duration, indicating that sales frequently run considerably longer than 1 or 2 weeks, to the point at which they argue they can no longer be considered temporary price reductions. Comparisons with alternative definitions of sale reveal that the empirical definition of a sale impacts the results significantly. C1 [Volpe, Richard J.] Econ Res Serv FED FM, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Li, Chenguang] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agr Econ, River Falls, WI 54022 USA. RP Volpe, RJ (reprint author), Econ Res Serv FED FM, USDA, 355 E St SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM rvolpe@ers.usda.gov; Chenguang.li@uwrf.edu NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0742-4477 J9 AGRIBUSINESS JI Agribusiness PD SPR PY 2012 VL 28 IS 2 DI 10.1002/agr.21289 PG 17 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology GA 927KE UT WOS:000302905300001 ER PT J AU Jiang, ZH Liu, ZJ Fei, BH Cai, ZY Yu, Y Liu, XE AF Jiang, Zehui Liu, Zhijia Fei, Benhua Cai, Zhiyong Yu, Yan Liu, Xing'e TI The pyrolysis characteristics of moso bamboo SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS LA English DT Article DE Pyrolysis; Moso bamboo; TG; TG-FTIR; XRD ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; KINETICS; MODEL AB In the research, thermogravimetry (TG), a combination of thermogravimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (TG-FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to investigate pyrolysis characteristics of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens). The Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Coats-Redfern (modified) methods were used to determine the apparent activation energy (E-a). The TG curve indicated that the pyrolysis process of moso bamboo included three steps and the main pyrolysis occurred in the second steps with temperature range from 450 K to 650 K and over 68.69% mass was degraded. TG-FTIR analysis showed that the main pyrolysis products included absorbed water (H2O), methane gas (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2). acids and aldehydes, ammonia gas (NH3), etc. XRD analysis expressed that the index and width crystallinity of moso bamboo gradually increased from 273 K to 538 K and cellulose gradually degraded from amorphous region to crystalline region. The E-a values of moso bamboo increased with conversion rate increase from 10 to 70. The E-a values were, respectively 153.37-198.55 kJ/mol and 152.14-197.87 kJ/mol based on Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Coats-Redfern (modified) methods. The information was very helpful and significant to design manufacturing process of bio-energy, made from moso bamboo, using gasification or pyrolysis methods. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jiang, Zehui; Liu, Zhijia; Fei, Benhua; Yu, Yan; Liu, Xing'e] Int Ctr Bamboo & Rattan, Beijing 100102, Peoples R China. [Cai, Zhiyong] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Jiang, ZH (reprint author), Int Ctr Bamboo & Rattan, Beijing 100102, Peoples R China. EM Jiangzehui@icbr.ac.cn FU 'Development and demonstration of bamboo/wood composite LVL and wallboard' [[2008] 16] FX This research was financially supported by 'Development and demonstration of bamboo/wood composite LVL and wallboard' (Grant No. [2008] 16). NR 20 TC 34 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2370 J9 J ANAL APPL PYROL JI J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis PD MAR PY 2012 VL 94 BP 48 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.jaap.2011.10.010 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 929TI UT WOS:000303088200006 ER PT J AU Ozek, G Ishmuratova, M Tabanca, N Radwan, MM Goger, F Ozek, T Wedge, DE Becnel, JJ Cutler, SJ Baser, KHC AF Ozek, Gulmira Ishmuratova, Margarita Tabanca, Nurhayat Radwan, Mohammed M. Goger, Fatih Ozek, Temel Wedge, David E. Becnel, James J. Cutler, Stephen J. Baser, Kemal H. Can TI One-step multiple component isolation from the oil of Crinitaria tatarica (Less.) Sojak by preparative capillary gas chromatography with characterization by spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques and evaluation of biological activity SO JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Biological activity; Preparative fractionation; Preparative gas chromatography; NMR ID CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; VOLATILE COMPONENTS; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CONSTITUENTS; ISOCOUMARINS; DRACUNCULUS; L.; ENANTIOMERS; SEPARATION AB Gas chromatographic analysis revealed that the oil of Crinitaria tatarica was rich in sabinene (32.1%), beta-pinene (8.8%), and two unknown (M+200) compounds (I) and (II) (21.4% and 3.4%). One-step multiple fractionation of the oil and separation of two unknown constituents were performed using preparative capillary gas chromatography connected to preparative fraction collector system. This combination allowed separation and recover of sufficient quantities of two unknown compounds with high purity from complex oil matrix. Separation conditions (column temperature, cooling temperature, flow rate, injection volume, cut time) were optimized to achieve the best isolation and successful collection. The target compounds were separated from the oil using a HP Innowax (Walt & Jennings Scientific, Wilmington, DE, USA) preparative capillary column in rapid one-step manner with 95.0% purity. Trapping of the isolated compounds in collector system was facilitated by cooling with liquid nitrogen. Structure determination was accomplished by spectral analysis including ultraviolet, nuclear magnetic rezonance, and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Z- (I) and E-artemidin (II) were isolated for the first time from this species. Crinitaria tatarica oil and Z- (I) and E-artemidin (II) were evaluated for biological activity. C1 [Ozek, Gulmira; Goger, Fatih; Ozek, Temel; Baser, Kemal H. Can] Anadolu Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. [Ishmuratova, Margarita] Zhezkazghan Bot Garden, Karagandinskaya, Oblast, Kazakhstan. [Tabanca, Nurhayat] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Oxford, MS USA. [Radwan, Mohammed M.] Univ Alexandria, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, Alexandria, Egypt. [Radwan, Mohammed M.; Cutler, Stephen J.] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Sch Pharm, Oxford, MS USA. [Wedge, David E.] Univ Mississippi, USDA, Agr Res Serv Nat Prod Utilizat, Oxford, MS USA. [Becnel, James J.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Cutler, Stephen J.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Med, Chem Sch Pharm, Oxford, MS USA. [Baser, Kemal H. Can] King Saud Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. RP Ozek, G (reprint author), Anadolu Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. EM gozek@anadolu.edu.tr RI Baser, K. Husnu Can/C-3109-2008; OI Radwan, Mohamed/0000-0002-7393-8601; Baser, Kemal Husnu Can/0000-0003-2710-0231 FU TUBITAK (TBAG) [107T498]; Anadolu University [090322]; Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP); U.S. Department of Defense through Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB); U.S. Department of Defense [5 P 20RR021925] FX Authors thanks TUBITAK (TBAG project 107T498), Anadolu University Scientific Research Project (BAP project No 090322) for supporting this research and to Zhezkazgan Botanical Garden for providing of the plant material. The authors thank Ms. J. Linda Robertson, Ms. Ramona Pace, Ms. Xiaoning Wang, and Ms. Katelyn Chalaire for great assistance with the antifungal and mosquito bioassays and Dr. Bharathi Avula for running HR-ESI-MS. This study was supported by a grant from the Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program and the U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB) and 5 P 20RR021925 for the National center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institute of Health. NR 73 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9306 J9 J SEP SCI JI J. Sep. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 35 IS 5-6 BP 650 EP 660 DI 10.1002/jssc.201100950 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 929DC UT WOS:000303040400005 PM 22331842 ER PT J AU Eshghi, A Pinne, M Haake, DA Zuerner, RL Frank, A Cameron, CE AF Eshghi, Azad Pinne, Marija Haake, David A. Zuerner, Richard L. Frank, Ami Cameron, Caroline E. TI Methylation and in vivo expression of the surface-exposed Leptospira interrogans outer-membrane protein OmpL32 SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY STRUCTURE PREDICTION; HEPARIN-BINDING HEMAGGLUTININ; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PATHOGENIC LEPTOSPIRA; RICKETTSIA-PROWAZEKII; BACTERIAL CHEMOTAXIS; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; RELEASE FACTORS; VIRULENCE; IDENTIFICATION AB Recent studies have revealed that bacterial protein methylation is a widespread post-translational modification that is required for virulence in selected pathogenic bacteria. In particular, altered methylation of outer-membrane proteins has been shown to modulate the effectiveness of the host immune response. In this study, 2D gel electrophoresis combined with MALDI-TOF MS identified a Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni strain Fiocruz L1-130 protein, corresponding to ORF LIC11848, which undergoes extensive and differential methylation of glutamic acid residues. Immunofluorescence microscopy implicated LIC11848 as a surface-exposed outer-membrane protein, prompting the designation OmpL32. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy of golden Syrian hamster liver and kidney sections revealed expression of OmpL32 during colonization of these organs. Identification of methylated surface-exposed outer-membrane proteins, such as OmpL32, provides a foundation for delineating the role of this post-translational modification in leptospiral virulence. C1 [Eshghi, Azad; Cameron, Caroline E.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Pinne, Marija] Vet Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Res Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Pinne, Marija; Haake, David A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Haake, David A.] Vet Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Div Infect Dis, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Zuerner, Richard L.; Frank, Ami] ARS, Infect Bacterial Dis Res Unit, NADC, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Cameron, CE (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Victoria, BC, Canada. EM caroc@uvic.ca FU University of Victoria; Pacific Century Graduate Scholarship; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [327186]; British Columbia Proteomics Network; Canada Foundation for Innovation; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; VA; Public Health Service from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [AI-034431] FX The authors would like to thank Dr Martin Boulanger, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada, for his gift of the pET28a vector and assistance with construct design, Anna von Rossum and Marcus Barron for assistance with recombinant protein production, and Dr Christoph Borchers, Derek Smith, Jen Proc, Leanne Ohlund, Darryl Hardie and the members of the University of Victoria-Genome BC Proteomics Centre for their support and guidance with the proteomic analyses. This work was supported by a University of Victoria Fellowship, Graduate Scholarship and the Pacific Century Graduate Scholarship (A. E.), a Discovery Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (327186; C. E. C.), the British Columbia Proteomics Network (C. E. C.), the Canada Foundation for Innovation (C. E. C.), the British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund (C. E. C.), VA Medical Research Funds (D. A. H.), and Public Health Service grant AI-034431 (D. A. H.) from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. C. E. C. is a Canada Research Chair in Molecular Pathogenesis and a Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research Scholar. NR 71 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 17 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD MAR PY 2012 VL 158 BP 622 EP 635 DI 10.1099/mic.0.054767-0 PN 3 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 926II UT WOS:000302824100004 PM 22174381 ER PT J AU O'Neil, CE Keast, DR Nicklas, TA Fulgoni, VL AF O'Neil, Carol E. Keast, Debra R. Nicklas, Theresa A. Fulgoni, Victor L., III TI Out-of-hand nut consumption is associated with improved nutrient intake and health risk markers in US children and adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Nuts; Tree nuts; Peanuts; Nutrient intake; Diet quality; Health risk factors; Metabolic syndrome; NHANES ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; TREE NUTS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION; PEANUT BUTTER; LIPID-LEVELS; BODY-WEIGHT; DIET; WOMEN AB The purpose of this study was to determine the association of out-of-hand nut (OOHN) consumption with nutrient intake, diet quality, and the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Data from 24-hour recalls from individuals aged 2+ years (n = 24 385) participating in the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. The population was divided into children aged 2 to 11, 12 to 18, and adults 19+ years, and each group was dichotomized into OOHN consumers and nonconsumers. Out-of-hand nut consumers were defined as those individuals consuming 1/4 oz of nuts or more per d. Means, standard errors, and covariate-adjusted analyses of variance were determined using appropriate sample weights. Diet quality was determined using the Healthy Eating Index-2005. Significance was set at P < .05. The percent of OOHN consumers increased with age: 2.1% +/- 0.3%, 2.6% +/- 0.3%, 6.5% +/- 0.5%, and 9.6% +/- 0.5% those aged 2 to 11, 12 to 18, 19 to 50, and 51+ years, respectively. The 2 latter groups were combined into a single group of consumers aged 19+ years for subsequent analyses. Consumers of OOHN from all age groups had higher intakes of energy, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, dietary fiber, copper, and magnesium and lower intakes of carbohydrates, cholesterol, and sodium than did nonconsumers. Diet quality was higher in OOHN consumers of all age groups. In children aged 2 to 11 years, consumers had a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity. In those aged 12 to 18 years, weight and percent overweight were lower in consumers. Adult consumers had higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, red blood cell folate, and serum folate levels and lower insulin, glycohemoglobin, and C-reactive protein levels than did nonconsumers. Adult consumers also had a 19% decreased risk of hypertension and a 21% decreased risk of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Data suggested that OOHN consumption was associated with improved nutrient intake, diet quality, and, in adults, a lower prevalence of 2 risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Consumption of OOHN, as part of a healthy diet, should be encouraged by health professionals. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Neil, Carol E.] LSU Agr Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Keast, Debra R.] Food & Nutr Database Res Inc, Okemos, MI 48864 USA. [Nicklas, Theresa A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Fulgoni, Victor L., III] Nutr Impact LLC, Battle Creek, MI 49014 USA. RP O'Neil, CE (reprint author), LSU Agr Ctr, 261 Knapp Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM coneil1@lsu.edu; keastdeb@comcast.net; tnicklas@bcm.tmc.edu; vic3rd@aol.com FU USDA/ARS [58-6250-6-003]; HATCH [LAB 93951]; International Tree Nut Council Nutrition Research and Education Foundation; USDA FX This work is a publication of the United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Tex, and was also funded, in part, with federal funds from the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6250-6-003 and HATCH project LAB 93951. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does the mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement from the US government. This work was supported by the International Tree Nut Council Nutrition Research and Education Foundation and the USDA. NR 57 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 32 IS 3 BP 185 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.01.005 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 926HO UT WOS:000302822100005 PM 22464805 ER PT J AU Hirschi, KD AF Hirschi, Kendal D. TI New foods for thought SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material AB Recent findings show that genetic material in plant foods may survive digestion, circulate through our bodies and modulate our gene expression. These findings could alter our understanding of nutrition, genetic regulation and open up new vistas for engineering foods. C1 [Hirschi, Kendal D.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hirschi, Kendal D.] Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Hirschi, KD (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kendalh@bcm.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service [6250-51000-055] FX I am grateful to members of my lab and Drs Denny Bier and Jon Pittman for critical reading of the manuscript. This work is supported by United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service under Cooperation Agreement 6250-51000-055. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1360-1385 J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI JI Trends Plant Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 17 IS 3 BP 123 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.tplants.2012.01.004 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 928IK UT WOS:000302976200001 PM 22265093 ER PT J AU Piazza, GJ Nunez, A Garcia, RA AF Piazza, George J. Nunez, Alberto Garcia, Rafael A. TI Identification of Highly Active Flocculant Proteins in Bovine Blood SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bovine blood; Fibrinogen; Flocculation; Globulin; Hemoglobin; MALDI TOF MS ID BIOFLOCCULANT; PURIFICATION; SUSPENSIONS; HEMOGLOBIN; HYDROLYSIS AB Synthetic polymeric flocculants are used extensively for wastewater remediation, soil stabilization, and reduction in water leakage from unlined canals. Sources of highly active, inexpensive, renewable flocculants are needed to replace synthetic flocculants. High kaolin flocculant activity was documented for bovine blood (BB) and blood plasma with several anticoagulant treatments. BB serum also had high flocculant activity. To address the hypothesis that some blood proteins have strong flocculating activity, the BB proteins were separated by SEC. Then, the major proteins of the flocculant-active fractions were separated by SDS-PAGE. Identity of the major protein components was determined by tryptic digestion and peptide analysis by MALDI TOF MS. The sequence of selected peptides was confirmed using TOF/TOF-MS/MS fragmentation. Hemoglobin dimer (subunits alpha and beta) was identified as the major protein component of the active fraction in BB; its high flocculation activity was confirmed by testing a commercial sample of hemoglobin. In the same manner, three proteins from blood plasma (fibrinogen, gamma-globulin, alpha-2-macroglobulin) were found to be highly active flocculants, but bovine serum albumin, alpha-globulin, and beta-globulin were not flocculants. On a mass basis, hemoglobin, gamma-globulin, alpha-2-macroglobulin were as effective as anionic polyacrylamide (PAM), a widely used synthetic flocculant. The blood proteins acted faster than PAM, and unlike PAM, the blood proteins flocculants did not require calcium salts for their activity. C1 [Piazza, George J.; Garcia, Rafael A.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Biobased & Other Anim Coprod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Piazza, GJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Biobased & Other Anim Coprod Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM george.piazza@ars.usda.gov RI Garcia, Rafael/D-2796-2009; OI Garcia, Rafael/0000-0002-5452-3929; Piazza, George/0000-0003-4896-4928 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 166 IS 5 BP 1203 EP 1214 DI 10.1007/s12010-011-9505-7 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 925OG UT WOS:000302770100007 PM 22194055 ER PT J AU Yang, WW Shriver, SK Chung, SY Percival, S Correll, MJ Rababah, TM AF Yang, Wade W. Shriver, Sandra K. Chung, Si-yin Percival, Susan Correll, Melanie J. Rababah, Taha M. TI In Vitro Gastric and Intestinal Digestions of Pulsed Light-Treated Shrimp Extracts SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Shrimp; Allergen; Pulsed ultraviolet light; PUV; IgE binding; SGF; SIF ID IGE-BINDING EPITOPES; GASTROINTESTINAL DIGESTION; LITOPENAEUS-VANNAMEI; PENAEUS-MONODON; MAJOR ALLERGEN; FOOD ALLERGENS; UV-LIGHT; TROPOMYOSIN; PROTEINS; IDENTIFICATION AB Pulsed ultraviolet light (PUV), a novel technology most commonly used for microbial inactivation, has recently been employed to effectively mitigate food allergens in peanuts, soybean, shrimp, and almond. Putative mechanisms for the efficacy of PUV in reducing allergen reactivity include photothermal, photochemical, and photophysical effects. To date, there are no published data highlighting the effects of in vitro simulated gastric and intestinal digestion on the stability of PUV reduced allergen reactivity of food. In this study, PUV-treated shrimp extracts were subjected to simulated gastric fluid containing pepsin and simulated intestinal fluid containing trypsin and chymotrypsin, and then tested for changes in allergen potency. SDS-PAGE showed no major band deviation between undigested and digested PUV-treated shrimp extracts. IgE binding to tropomyosin remained markedly decreased as seen in Western blot analysis. Total shrimp allergen reactivity remained unchanged following in vitro peptic digestion and was markedly reduced following in vitro intestinal digestion as illustrated in indirect ELISA. The PUV reduced shrimp allergens remained at a low level under the in vitro simulated digestive conditions. The results inferred that PUV could be a potential method to create less allergenic shrimp products that would remain at a low allergen level under human gastric and intestinal digestive conditions. C1 [Yang, Wade W.; Shriver, Sandra K.; Percival, Susan] Univ Florida, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Chung, Si-yin] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Correll, Melanie J.] Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Rababah, Taha M.] Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Nutr & Food Technol, Irbid 22110, Jordan. RP Yang, WW (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, 359 FSHN Bldg,Newell Dr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM wade.yang@ufl.edu NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 30 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 166 IS 6 BP 1409 EP 1422 DI 10.1007/s12010-011-9534-2 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 925OI UT WOS:000302770300004 PM 22278049 ER PT J AU Corley, CD Lancaster, MJ Brigantic, RT Chung, JS Walters, RA Arthur, RR Bruckner-Lea, CJ Calapristi, A Dowling, G Hartley, DM Kennedy, S Kircher, A Klucking, S Lee, EK McKenzie, T Nelson, NP Olsen, J Pancerella, C Quitugua, TN Reed, JT Thomas, CS AF Corley, Courtney D. Lancaster, Mary J. Brigantic, Robert T. Chung, James S. Walters, Ronald A. Arthur, Ray R. Bruckner-Lea, Cynthia J. Calapristi, Augustin Dowling, Glenn Hartley, David M. Kennedy, Shaun Kircher, Amy Klucking, Sara Lee, Eva K. McKenzie, Taylor Nelson, Noele P. Olsen, Jennifer Pancerella, Carmen Quitugua, Teresa N. Reed, Jeremy Todd Thomas, Carla S. TI ASSESSING THE CONTINUUM OF EVENT-BASED BIOSURVEILLANCE THROUGH AN OPERATIONAL LENS SO BIOSECURITY AND BIOTERRORISM-BIODEFENSE STRATEGY PRACTICE AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE; DISEASE OUTBREAK DETECTION; SYNDROMIC SURVEILLANCE; WEB; EPIDEMICS; FEVER; FLU; REGULATIONS AB This research follows the Updated Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems, Recommendations from the Guidelines Working Group, published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nearly a decade ago. Since then, models have been developed and complex systems have evolved with a breadth of disparate data to detect or forecast chemical, biological, and radiological events that have a significant impact on the One Health landscape. How the attributes identified in 2001 relate to the new range of event-based biosurveillance technologies is unclear. This article frames the continuum of event-based biosurveillance systems (that fuse media reports from the internet), models (ie, computational that forecast disease occurrence), and constructs (ie, descriptive analytical reports) through an operational lens (ie, aspects and attributes associated with operational considerations in the development, testing, and validation of the event-based biosurveillance methods and models and their use in an operational environment). A workshop was held in 2010 to scientifically identify, develop, and vet a set of attributes for event-based biosurveillance. Subject matter experts were invited from 7 federal government agencies and 6 different academic institutions pursuing research in biosurveillance event detection. We describe 8 attribute families for the characterization of event-based biosurveillance: event, readiness, operational aspects, geographic coverage, population coverage, input data, output, and cost. Ultimately, the analyses provide a framework from which the broad scope, complexity, and relevant issues germane to event-based biosurveillance useful in an operational environment can be characterized. C1 [Corley, Courtney D.; Lancaster, Mary J.; Brigantic, Robert T.; Chung, James S.; Walters, Ronald A.; Calapristi, Augustin; McKenzie, Taylor] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Secur Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Arthur, Ray R.] CDC, Global Dis Detect Operat Ctr, Div Global Dis Detect & Emergency Response, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Dowling, Glenn] Natl Ctr Med Intelligence, Off Chief Scientist, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Hartley, David M.] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Nelson, Noele P.] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Kennedy, Shaun] Univ Minnesota, Natl Ctr Food Protect & Def, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Kircher, Amy] US Dept Def, US No Command, Peterson AFB, CO USA. [Klucking, Sara] US DHS, Threat Characterizat & Attribut Branch, Chem & Biol Def Div, Sci & Technol Directorate, Washington, DC USA. [Quitugua, Teresa N.] US DHS, Natl Biosurveillance Integrat Ctr, Off Hlth Affairs, Washington, DC USA. [Lee, Eva K.] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Operat Res Med & HealthCare, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Olsen, Jennifer] US DHHS, Fus Branch, Off Assistant Secretary Preparedness & Response, Washington, DC USA. [Reed, Jeremy Todd] USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Analyt Design Branch, Data Anal & Integrat Grp, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Thomas, Carla S.] Univ Calif Davis, Natl Plant Diagnost Network, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Corley, CD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Secur Directorate, 902 Battelle BLVD,POB 999,MSIN K7-28, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM court@pnl.gov RI Lancaster, Mary/A-5065-2015; OI Hartley, David/0000-0001-5202-6278; Lancaster, Mary/0000-0002-2530-7004; , David/0000-0003-2589-2538 NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1538-7135 J9 BIOSECUR BIOTERROR JI Biosecur. Bioterror. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 10 IS 1 BP 131 EP 141 DI 10.1089/bsp.2011.0096 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations GA 917ZU UT WOS:000302219400013 PM 22320664 ER PT J AU Willers, JL Wu, JX O'Hara, C Jenkins, JN AF Willers, Jeffrey L. Wu, Jixiang O'Hara, Charles Jenkins, Johnie N. TI A categorical, improper probability method for combining NDVI and LiDAR elevation information for potential cotton precision agricultural applications SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Algorithms; Data fusion; Image processing; Improper probability distributions; Categorical variables; Crop management ID CLASSIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; ALGORITHM; MAP AB An algorithm is presented to fuse the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) with Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) elevation data to produce a map potentially useful for site-specific management practices in cotton. A bi-variate Gaussian probability density distribution is modified to predict an improper probability distribution that also incorporates categorical variables associated with quadrant direction from the population means for the NDVI and elevation data layers. Water availability, influenced by slope and relative changes in elevation (as captured by the elevation data layer), affects crop phenology (as captured by the NDVI data layer). Thus, this fusion procedure results in a map potentially describing the joint effects of NDVI and elevation on cotton growth in a spatial and temporal way. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Willers, Jeffrey L.; Jenkins, Johnie N.] ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, USDA, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Wu, Jixiang] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [O'Hara, Charles] Mississippi State Univ, Geosyst Res Inst, Starkville, MS USA. [O'Hara, Charles] Spatial Informat Solut, Starkville, MS USA. RP Willers, JL (reprint author), POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jeffrey.willers@ars.usda.gov FU Advanced Spatial Technologies [ASTA-322-298]; USDA [6406-21610-006-00D]; ARS [6406-21610-007-00D] FX The authors thank Ronald E. Britton (USDA-ARS, Mississippi State), Debbie Boykin (USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS), George Milliken (Milliken Associates, Manhattan, KS), David Evans (Forestry and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State), John Goddard (GIS Coordinator, City of Fayetteville, Arkansas Geographic Information Systems, Fayetteville, AR), P.D. Gerard (Department of Applied Economics and Statistics, Clemson University, SC) and anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions that refined the algorithm, concepts, or the maps presented in this paper. This work was supported in part by the Advanced Spatial Technologies (ASTA-322-298) and the USDA Area-Wide Tarnished Plant Bug Management Project (ARS CRIS Project 6406-21610-006-00D) and ARS CRIS Project 6406-21610-007-00D. Approved for publication as Journal Article No. J-11927 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 82 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2011.11.010 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 917PA UT WOS:000302189100003 ER PT J AU Jahns, L Adair, L Mroz, T Popkin, BM AF Jahns, Lisa Adair, Linda Mroz, Thomas Popkin, Barry M. TI The declining prevalence of overweight among Russian children: Income, diet, and physical activity behavior changes SO ECONOMICS & HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RLMS; Children; Physical activity; Dietary intake Russia; Overweight ID BODY-MASS INDEX; LONGITUDINAL MONITORING SURVEY; ENERGY-DENSE DIETS; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; ECONOMIC TRANSITION; SEDENTARY BEHAVIORS; EASTERN-EUROPE; FAT INTAKE AB The aim of this study is to examine the relationships among income, diet, physical activity behaviors and overweight among Russian children during a period of economic upheaval. Subjects include 2151 schoolchildren aged 7-13 derived from cross-sectional waves of the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Surveys in 1995 and in 2002. Diet was assessed by 24-h recall and physical activity (h/week) and household income by parental questionnaire. Hours spent in vigorous activities were low (1.0-1.5 h/week), and time spent in sedentary behaviors increased from 31 to 37 h/week between 1995 and 2002. In 1995 there was a direct relationship of income to energy and fat intake, and time spent in vigorous activity, and an inverse relationship of income to h/week spent in moderate activities (such as walking to school). The effect of having low income parents was less in 2002 than in 1995. Overweight prevalence did not differ significantly by income in either year, but there was a significant decline in overweight among high income children. Only hours spent in moderate physical activity was moderately protective against overweight. Income disparities do not explain trends in overweight among Russian children. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. Univ N Carolina, Carolina Populat Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. RP Jahns, L (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, 2420 2nd Ave N,STOP 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM lisa.jahns@ars.usda.gov OI Jahns, Lisa/0000-0002-1828-6962; popkin, barry/0000-0001-9495-9324 FU National Institutes of Health [RO1-HD30880, RO1-HD38700, DK56350] FX This study was supported by National Institutes of Health RO1-HD30880, RO1-HD38700, and DK56350. The authors would like to thank LuAnn Johnson for unparalleled manuscript advice, Laura Henderson for invaluable assistance with data management, Dan Blanchette for SAS and Stata programming support, Ms. Frances Dancy for administrative assistance, and Mr. Tom Swasey for graphics support. NR 62 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-677X J9 ECON HUM BIOL JI Econ. Hum. Biol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 10 IS 2 BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.ehb.2011.07.005 PG 8 WC Economics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Business & Economics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 921ZI UT WOS:000302516200003 PM 21840274 ER PT J AU Wechter, WP Kousik, C McMillan, M Levi, A AF Wechter, W. Patrick Kousik, Chandrasekar McMillan, Melanie Levi, Amnon TI Identification of Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp niveum Race 2 in Citrullus lanatus var. citroides Plant Introductions SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE watermelon; fusarium wilt; soilborne disease ID WILT RESISTANCE; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; UNITED-STATES; DNA MARKER; SP MELONIS; WATERMELON; GENE; GERMPLASM; FOM-2; POPULATION AB Fusarium wilt (FW) is a major disease of watermelon in North America and around the world. Control of this disease is difficult because the soilborne causal agent Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) produces chlamydospores that remain infectious in the soil for many years. Although various levels of resistance to Fon Races 0 and 1 exist in watermelon cultivars, no resistance to Race 2 or 3 has been reported. In this study, we used seed and seedling inoculation procedures to screen 110 U.S. Pls of wild watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) for resistance to Race 2 FW. Of these 110 accessions, 15 showed significantly higher resistance to Fon Race 2 than that found in the watermelon cultivars Sugar Baby or Charleston Grey as well as in the C. lanatus var. citroides PI 296341 that was reported to contain resistance to FW. PI 271769, another C. lanatus var. citroides that was previously reported as containing resistance to FW, is among the 15 resistant accessions described here. These 15 accessions are potential sources for resistance to Race 2 FW in watermelon breeding. C1 [Wechter, W. Patrick; Kousik, Chandrasekar; McMillan, Melanie; Levi, Amnon] Agr Res Serv, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Wechter, WP (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM Pat.Wechter@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD MAR PY 2012 VL 47 IS 3 BP 334 EP 338 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 919NB UT WOS:000302333500003 ER PT J AU Russo, VM Fish, WW AF Russo, Vincent M. Fish, Wayne W. TI Efficacy of Microbial Amendments on Vegetables in Greenhouse and Field Trials SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bacteria; fungi; organic; protected culture ID GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA; INDUCED RESISTANCE; MICROORGANISMS; ROOTS; VERMICOMPOST; INOCULATION; RESPONSES; QUALITY; PLANTS; YIELD AB Possible effects of microbe-containing amendments on vegetable development need clarification. Eight-week-old, organically grown seedlings of a bell, cv. Jupiter, and a non-pungent jalapeno, cv. Pace 105, pepper, both C. annuum L., were transplanted into pots containing an organic potting medium in a greenhouse experiments repeated over 2 years. Pots were fertilized with Neptune's Harvest (R), a fish emulsion. One of eight amendments [Actinovate AG (R), Rio Inoculant (R), Bio-S.I.(R), Compost Tea (R) (a decoction of biological material), Mpact (R), 'PMSLA and EO-12'(R), Soil Activator (R), Super Bio (R)] was applied at label rates and application timings. The control was Neptune's Harvest only. Three plants from each treatment were periodically harvested. Heights and total fresh and dry weights were determined. At a single terminal harvest, numbers and weights and chlorophyll, carotenoids, and vitamin C contents of fruit were determined. At the conclusion of the study the control, Bio-S.I., Compost Tea, PMSLA and EO-12, and Soil Activator generally produced bell pepper plants that were taller and heavier than those produced by Actinovate AG, Bio Inoculant, Mpact, and Super Bio. Numbers and weights of bell pepper fruit were not consistent over amendments or years. Heights for cv. Pace 105 plants treated with Compost Tea were similar to the control and taller than all others. Plant fresh weights for the control and Compost Tea were similar to that for Bio-S.I. and greater than all others. Dry weight, number and fresh weight of fruit and levels of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and vitamin C in fruit were unaffected. Compost Tea, PMSLA, and Soil Activator were tested in field trials in 2010 and 2011 using both peppers, cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), cv. Earli Pik, and sweet corn (Zea mays var. rugosa Bonaf), cv. Incredible. Amendments provided no particular benefits under greenhouse or field conditions. C1 [Russo, Vincent M.; Fish, Wayne W.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Wes Watkins Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Wes Watkins Agr Res Lab, 911 Highway 3W, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM vincent.russo@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD MAR PY 2012 VL 47 IS 3 BP 349 EP 355 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 919NB UT WOS:000302333500006 ER PT J AU Obenland, D Collin, S Sievert, J Arpaia, ML AF Obenland, David Collin, Sue Sievert, James Arpaia, Mary Lu TI Impact of High-temperature Forced-air Heating of Navel Oranges on Quality Attributes, Sensory Parameters, and Flavor Volatiles SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE waxing; quarantine; soluble solids; acidity; esters ID FRUIT-FLY DISINFESTATION; HOT; GRAPEFRUIT; STORAGE; COMPONENTS; MANDARINS; ALTERS; FRESH; MOIST AB Navel oranges were subjected to high-temperature forced-air (HTFA) treatment to evaluate the effect on quality and sensory attributes as well as flavor volatiles of a treatment protocol designed to disinfest citrus of Anastrepha spp. fruit flies. The treatment consisted of heating the fruit to a core temperature of 44 degrees C and then holding it there for 100 min, after which the fruit were placed into storage for 4 weeks. The fruit were removed from storage and evaluated for surface injury, soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), and then judged for sensory characteristics by a semiexpert panel. In a separate experiment, fruit were removed at 30-min intervals from the treatment chamber and sensory quality as well as flavor volatiles determined to obtain an estimate of when the flavor changes occurred. It was found that the HTFA treatment caused a significant loss in flavor quality that was most closely linked to a loss in the fresh flavor of the fruit. The HTFA-treated fruit were also determined by panelists to be less sweet, although the SSC/TA ratio was increased by treatment. Neither storage nor waxing after treatment appeared to alter the HTFA effect, although waxing before treatment greatly enhanced the negative effect on flavor. Flavor began to be significantly affected during the final 30 min of treatment. The flavor changes occurred at the same time as large increases in the amount of four esters, two of which were present in concentrations exceeding aroma thresholds and are likely involved in the loss in flavor quality induced by HTFA treatment. C1 [Obenland, David] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Collin, Sue; Sievert, James; Arpaia, Mary Lu] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Obenland, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM david.obenland@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD MAR PY 2012 VL 47 IS 3 BP 386 EP 390 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 919NB UT WOS:000302333500013 ER PT J AU Ehret, DL Frey, B Forge, T Helmer, T Bryla, DR AF Ehret, David L. Frey, Brenda Forge, Tom Helmer, Tom Bryla, David R. TI Effects of Drip Irrigation Configuration and Rate on Yield and Fruit Quality of Young Highbush Blueberry Plants SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Vaccinium corymbosum; anthocyanin; antioxidant; evapotranspiration; fruit firmness; nutritional health benefit; shelf-life; soil water potential ID WATER REQUIREMENTS; GROWTH; FIRMNESS; CALCIUM AB A 4-year study was conducted to establish the effects of drip irrigation configuration and rate on fruit yield and quality of young highbush blueberry plants (Vaccinium corymbosum L. 'Duke'). Plants were grown in a silt loam soil on raised beds and were non-irrigated or irrigated using either one or two lines of suspended drip tape. Each line configuration had in-line emitters spaced every 0.3 or 0.45 m for a total of four drip configurations. Water was applied by each drip configuration at two rates, a moderate rate of 5 L/plant per irrigation event, and a heavy rate of 10 L/plant. The frequency of irrigation was guided by measurements of soil matric potential. Irrigation was applied each year, and plants were cropped beginning the second year after planting. Rainfall was above normal in the first 2 years of the study, and differences in soil moisture were most evident in the last 2 years, in which soil matric potential increased with irrigation volume. Neither the number of irrigation lines nor emitter spacing had an effect on yield or fruit quality. Yield was unaffected by irrigation rate until the fourth year after planting and was only higher when 5 L/plant was applied. The yield increase was the result of differences in fruit weight during the second of two harvests and was associated with delays in fruit maturation. Irrigation affected plant mineral concentrations but leaves and berries responded differently; affected minerals tended to decrease in leaves but increase in the fruit. Many irrigation-induced changes in fruit quality were evident 1 or 2 years before changes in yield. Higher irrigation volume increased fruit size and water content but reduced fruit firmness and soluble solids. Irrigation reduced fruit water loss during storage and thereby promoted longer shelf life. Irrigation also resulted in a change in anthocyanin composition in the fruit but did not affect antioxidants or total anthocyanin content. C1 [Ehret, David L.; Frey, Brenda; Forge, Tom; Helmer, Tom] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agri Food Res Ctr, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada. [Bryla, David R.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Hort Crop Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Ehret, DL (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agri Food Res Ctr, POB 1000, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada. EM david.ehret@agr.gc.ca FU BC Blueberry Council; AAFC FX We are grateful to the BC Blueberry Council and the AAFC Developing Innovative Agri-Products (DIAP) program for financial assistance; to Ben Frey, Elyse Hofs, Russel Warwick, Taylor Holland, Albert Tsou, and June Dawson for plot work; to Albert Tsou for technical assistance; and to Mark Sweeney for horticultural advice. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD MAR PY 2012 VL 47 IS 3 BP 414 EP 421 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 919NB UT WOS:000302333500018 ER PT J AU Reed, SM Pooler, MR AF Reed, Sandra M. Pooler, Margaret R. TI 'Firefly' Clethra SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Clethra alnifolia; Clethraceae; ornamental plant breeding; plant introduction C1 [Pooler, Margaret R.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Reed, Sandra M.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit,Otis L Floyd Nur, Mcminnville, TN 37110 USA. RP Pooler, MR (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 010A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM margaret.pooler@ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD MAR PY 2012 VL 47 IS 3 BP 429 EP 430 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 919NB UT WOS:000302333500021 ER PT J AU Mahan, JR Young, AW Payton, P AF Mahan, James R. Young, Andrew W. Payton, Paxton TI Deficit irrigation in a production setting: canopy temperature as an adjunct to ET estimates SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; TIME THRESHOLDS; MANAGEMENT AB Water available for agricultural use is declining worldwide as a result of both declining water resources and increasing application costs. Managing crop irrigation under conditions where the water need cannot be fully met represents the future of irrigation in many areas. On the southern high plains of Texas there is interest among producers to reduce the amount of water applied to cotton. In this study, a producer's efforts to reduce water application to a cotton crop were assessed in terms of a comparison between evapotranspiration, rainfall, and irrigation that is widely used in the region. The producer was able to reduce water application to meet intended reductions relative to the evapotranspiration estimates but, depending on the method used for calculating the crop water need, he tended to over water the crop in two out of three intended deficit irrigation regimes. Analysis of continuously monitored canopy temperatures provided verification of over-irrigation. Continuously monitored canopy temperature is proposed as a useful adjunct to evapotranspiration approaches to deficit irrigation management. C1 [Mahan, James R.; Payton, Paxton] ARS, USDA, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Young, Andrew W.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Mahan, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM james.mahan@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-7188 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 30 IS 2 BP 127 EP 137 DI 10.1007/s00271-011-0269-1 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 925HN UT WOS:000302751900005 ER PT J AU Saldanha, LG Dwyer, JT Holden, JM Ireland, JD Andrews, KW Bailey, RL Gahche, JJ Hardy, CJ Moller, A Pilch, SM Roseland, JM AF Saldanha, Leila G. Dwyer, Johanna T. Holden, Joanne M. Ireland, Jayne D. Andrews, Karen W. Bailey, Regan L. Gahche, Jaime J. Hardy, Constance J. Moller, Anders Pilch, Susan M. Roseland, Janet M. TI A structured vocabulary for indexing dietary supplements in databases in the United States SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE LanguaL; Government; Dietary supplements; Databases; Indexing; Structured vocabulary; Thesaurus; Food analysis; Food composition ID INTERNATIONAL INTERFACE STANDARD; FOOD DATABASES AB Food composition databases are critical to assess and plan dietary intakes. Dietary supplement databases are also needed because dietary supplements make significant contributions to total nutrient intakes. However, no uniform system exists for classifying dietary supplement products and indexing their ingredients in such databases. Differing approaches to classifying these products make it difficult to retrieve or link information effectively. A consistent approach to classifying information within food composition databases led to the development of LanguaL (TM), a structured vocabulary. LanguaL (TM) is being adapted as an interface tool for classifying and retrieving product information in dietary supplement databases. This paper outlines proposed changes to the LanguaL (TM) thesaurus for indexing dietary supplement products and ingredients in databases. The choice of 12 of the original 14 LanguaL (TM) facets pertinent to dietary supplements, modifications to their scopes, and applications are described. The 12 chosen facets are: product type; product source; part of source; physical state, shape or form; ingredients; preservation method; packing medium; container or wrapping; contact surface; label claims/consumer group/dietary use; geographic places and regions; and adjunct characteristics of dietary supplements. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Saldanha, Leila G.; Dwyer, Johanna T.; Bailey, Regan L.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Holden, Joanne M.; Andrews, Karen W.; Roseland, Janet M.] ARS, Nutrient Data Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ireland, Jayne D.; Moller, Anders] Danish Food Informat, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Gahche, Jaime J.] Natl Ctr Hlth Stat CDC, Natl Hlth & Nutr Examinat Survey Planning Branch, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Hardy, Constance J.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Pilch, Susan M.] Natl Inst Hlth Lib, MEDLINE PubMed Database, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Saldanha, LG (reprint author), NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, 6100 Execut Blvd MSC 7517,Room 3B01, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM saldanhl@mail.nih.gov OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institute of Health FX The Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institute of Health funded the development of the LanguaL (TM) Dietary Supplement Structured Vocabulary for use in the United States. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 25 IS 2 BP 226 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2011.10.003 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 920QX UT WOS:000302423200017 PM 22611303 ER PT J AU McKenzie, D Kennedy, MC AF McKenzie, Donald Kennedy, Maureen C. TI Power laws reveal phase transitions in landscape controls of fire regimes SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SCALE ANALYSIS; LOW-SEVERITY FIRE; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; FOREST-FIRES; MODEL AB Understanding the environmental controls on historical wildfires, and how they changed across spatial scales, is difficult because there are no surviving explicit records of either weather or vegetation (fuels). Here we show how power laws associated with fire-event time series arise in limited domains of parameters that represent critical transitions in the controls on landscape fire. Comparison to a self-organized criticality model shows that the latter mimics historical fire only in a limited domain of criticality, and is not an adequate mechanism to explain landscape fire dynamics, which are shaped by both endogenous and exogenous controls. Our results identify a continuous phase transition in landscape controls, marked by power laws, and provide an ecological analogue to critical behaviour in physical and chemical systems. This explicitly cross-scale analysis provides a paradigm for identifying critical thresholds in landscape dynamics that may be crossed in a rapidly changing climate. C1 [McKenzie, Donald] US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Kennedy, Maureen C.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP McKenzie, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, 400 N 34th St 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM dmck@uw.edu FU Pacific Northwest Research Station, US Forest Service FX We thank C. Miller, P.F. Hessburg, M.A. Moritz and D.L. Peterson for helpful reviews of an earlier version, R.A. Norheim for cartography, and the Pacific Northwest Research Station, US Forest Service, for financial support. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 3 AR 726 DI 10.1038/ncomms1731 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 923PB UT WOS:000302630100015 PM 22395617 ER PT J AU Hafner, SD Meisinger, JJ Mulbry, W Ingram, SK AF Hafner, Sasha D. Meisinger, John J. Mulbry, Walter Ingram, Shannon K. TI A pH-based method for measuring gaseous ammonia SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Ammonia; Manure; Measurement ID SLURRY; BUILDINGS; EMISSIONS; SYSTEM; AMINES; MANURE; MODEL; ACIDS; LAND; ION AB Cumulative emission or gaseous concentrations of ammonia (NH3) are commonly measured by trapping gaseous NH3 in an acidic solution that is later analyzed for total ammonia content. This traditional acid trap method is inexpensive, reliable, and accurate, but it is labor-intensive and inconvenient for high-frequency sampling. This paper describes a new acid trap method in which total ammonia concentration in a citric acid solution is calculated from measured pH by applying a speciation model. With this new method, the quantity of captured ammonia in a single acid trap can be determined repeatedly over time. Testing through titrations, laboratory emission measurements, and field measurement of gaseous NH3 showed that the method is accurate and reasonably precise. For the most sensitive case standard deviation was 8 mu mol kg(-1) in titration results, and 10-20 mu mol kg(-1) in the field trials. The lower quantitation limits from emission measurements and field trials were around 100 and 300 mu mol kg(-1), respectively. Speciation modeling was used to assess the importance of interferences. Results showed that error due to minor contamination of chemicals and evaporation of water can be kept at low levels. Acidic gases may be a significant interference, but their presence is easy to recognize, and significant error can be avoided by selecting an appropriate acid concentration. C1 [Hafner, Sasha D.] ARS, USDA, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Meisinger, John J.; Mulbry, Walter; Ingram, Shannon K.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hafner, SD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 3702 Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM sasha.hafner@ars.usda.gov RI Hafner, Sasha/N-3970-2013 OI Hafner, Sasha/0000-0003-0955-0327 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 92 IS 2 BP 195 EP 205 DI 10.1007/s10705-012-9481-5 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 922VB UT WOS:000302575400006 ER PT J AU Kittipadukal, P Bethke, PC Jansky, SH AF Kittipadukal, P. Bethke, P. C. Jansky, S. H. TI The Effect of Photoperiod on Tuberisation in Cultivated x Wild Potato Species Hybrids SO POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Adaptation; Day length; Haploid; Solanum chacoense; Solanum microdontum; Solanum tuberosum; Wild Solanum species ID LONG-DAY CONDITIONS; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; ANDIGENA POTATOES; 6 CYCLES; TUBERIZATION; GERMPLASM; SELECTION; PLANTS; YIELD; INTROGRESSION AB Wild Solanum species offer a valuable source of genetic diversity for potato improvement. Most of these species are found in equatorial South and Central America and they do not tuberise under long-day photoperiods typical of those in the major potato production areas of North America, Europe and Asia. Crosses between two haploids of Solanum tuberosum Chilotanum Group as females and two wild Solanum species clones generated four hybrid families. The parents and progeny were subjected to two greenhouse trials to evaluate tuberisation at 20-, 14-, and 8-h photoperiods. Parents and offspring tuberised most readily at the 8-h photoperiod, and poorly or not at all at the 20-h photoperiod. Segregation for tuberisation in hybrids was apparent at the 14-h photoperiod and depended on the cultivated parent, but not the wild species parent. The data support previous studies and best fit a model in which tuber production under long photoperiods is controlled by two dominant genes in cultivated x wild species hybrids. C1 [Bethke, P. C.; Jansky, S. H.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kittipadukal, P.; Bethke, P. C.; Jansky, S. H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jansky, SH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM shelley.jansky@ars.usda.gov FU Royal Thai Government FX Wild Solanum germplasm was supplied by the NRSP-6 Potato Genebank. Partial funding for this research was granted by the Royal Thai Government. Special thanks go to Brian Yandell and Nicholas Keuler, University of Wisconsin-Madison, as well as James B. Holland, North Carolina State University, for advice on statistical analyses. NR 65 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-3065 J9 POTATO RES JI Potato Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 55 IS 1 BP 27 EP 40 DI 10.1007/s11540-011-9204-3 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 924QA UT WOS:000302705200003 ER PT J AU Tarkalson, DD King, BA Bjorneberg, DL Taberna, JP AF Tarkalson, David D. King, Bradley A. Bjorneberg, David L. Taberna, John P., Jr. TI Effects of Planting Configuration and In-Row Plant Spacing on Photosynthetically Active Radiation Interception for Three Irrigated Potato Cultivars SO POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bed; In-row spacing; Photosynthetically active radiation; Planting configuration; Potato; Ranger Russet; Russet Burbank; Russet Norkotah; Solanum tuberosum ID DRY-MATTER PRODUCTION; LEAF-AREA INDEX; GROUND COVER; LIGHT INTERCEPTION; SOLAR-RADIATION; YIELD; GROWTH; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; TILLAGE AB Research studies have evaluated the production of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) grown in conventional and bed planting configurations. However, intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) from these planting configurations has not been quantified. A study conducted in 2008 and 2009 quantified and compared the intercepted PAR from three planting configurations (four row conventional ridged-row [4RC], five row bed [5RB], and seven row bed [7RB]), and from different plant spacings of cvs Russet Burbank, Russet Norkotah, and Ranger Russet potatoes under sprinkler irrigation. A second study was conducted in 2007 to evaluate the relationship between PAR and leaf area of Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank for the three planting configurations. These studies were conducted at the USDA-ARS Northwest Irrigation & Soils Research Lab in Kimberly, ID, on a Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty mixed mesic Durixerollic Calciorthid). The canopy of Russet Norkotah and Ranger Russet potatoes grown in 5RB and 7RB planting configurations intercepted more PAR during the early vegetative and tuber initiation growth stages compared to the 4RC planting configuration at equal populations in 2008 and 2009 at all measurement dates. The canopy of Russet Burbank intercepted more PAR during the early growth stage in 2008 when planted in the bed planting configurations compared to the 4RC planting configuration, but not on the July 17, 2008 and July 9, 2009 dates. The canopy cover of Russet Burbank potatoes planted in the 4RC planting configuration tended to catch up with the bed planting configurations quicker than the other two cultivars. In general, the quantity of PAR intercepted as affected by planting configuration did not influence total tuber yield and other measured production variables. Cumulative PAR interception 0-72 days after planting (DAP) was increased 35%, 38%, and 32% for the 5RB and 65%, 69%, 23% for the 7RB relative to the 4RC planting configuration for Ranger Russet, Ranger Norkotah, and Russet Burbank, respectively. Cumulative PAR interception for the season was increased 15%, 16%, and 4% for the 5RB and 23%, 23%, 5% for the 7RB relative to the 4RC planting configuration for Ranger Russet, Ranger Norkotah, and Russet Burbank, respectively. The relationship between intercepted PAR and leaf area for Russet Norkotah during the early vegetative and tuber initiation growth stages was significantly different between the three planting configurations, with intercepted PAR at a given leaf area in the order of 7RB > 5RB > 4RC. For Russet Burbank, the relationship was significantly different for the 5RB and 7RB compared to 4RC planting configuration only, with intercepted PAR at a given leaf area in the order of 7RB=5RB > 4RC. C1 [Tarkalson, David D.; King, Bradley A.; Bjorneberg, David L.] ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Taberna, John P., Jr.] Western Ag Res LLC, Blackfoot, ID 83221 USA. RP Tarkalson, DD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM david.tarkalson@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-3065 J9 POTATO RES JI Potato Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 55 IS 1 BP 41 EP 58 DI 10.1007/s11540-011-9205-2 PG 18 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 924QA UT WOS:000302705200004 ER PT J AU Kim, DK Lillehoj, HS Lee, SH Dominowski, P Yancey, RJ Lillehoj, EP AF Kim, Duk Kyung Lillehoj, Hyun S. Lee, Sung Hyen Dominowski, Paul Yancey, Robert J. Lillehoj, Erik P. TI Effects of Novel Vaccine/Adjuvant Complexes on the Protective Immunity Against Eimeria acervulina and Transcriptome Profiles SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE profilin; adjuvant; chicken; coccidiosis; microarray ID NF-KAPPA-B; SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY; GENE-EXPRESSION; ANNEXIN-II; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ANTICOCCIDIAL VACCINES; BROILER-CHICKENS; ACTIVATION; RECEPTOR; TENELLA AB This study investigated the ability of two novel adjuvant formulations, QCDC (Quil A/cholesterol/DDA/Carbopol) and QCDCR (QCDC/Bay R1005), in combination with a recombinant profilin vaccine, to modulate host protective immunity and to alter gene expression during experimental avian coccidiosis. Vaccination with profilin plus QCDCR significantly reduced the severity of intestinal lesions and increased mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in infected chickens compared with immunization with profilin alone or profilin plus QCDC. Immunization with profilin plus QCDC or profilin plus QCDCR increased body weight gain but had no effect on fecal oocyst shedding of chickens infected with Eimeria acervulina compared with birds vaccinated with profilin alone. The results of global gene expression analysis revealed that, compared with PBS controls, (a) chickens vaccinated with profilin alone had 71 up-regulated and 56 down-regulated mRNA transcripts, (b) chickens immunized with profilin plus QCDC had 198 up-regulated and 247 down-regulated mRNAs, and (c) birds immunized with profilin plus QCDCR had 210 up-regulated and 267 down-regulated mRNAs. Compared with birds vaccinated with profilin alone, (a) chickens given profilin plus QCDC had 60 up-regulated and 104 down-regulated transcripts and (b) chickens immunized with profilin plus QCDCR had 103 up-regulated and 130 down-regulated mRNAs. Finally, chickens vaccinated with profilin plus QCDCR had 193 up-regulated and 204 down-regulated transcripts compared with birds given profilin plus QCDC. Biological function and network analysis revealed that the majority of altered transcripts were encoded by immune-related genes. C1 [Kim, Duk Kyung; Lillehoj, Hyun S.; Lee, Sung Hyen] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Dominowski, Paul; Yancey, Robert J.] Pfizer Inc, Kalamazoo, MI 49007 USA. [Lillehoj, Erik P.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Hyun.Lillehoj@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 56 IS 1 BP 97 EP 109 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 920GR UT WOS:000302392800013 PM 22545534 ER PT J AU Diel, DG Miller, PJ Wolf, PC Mickley, RM Musante, AR Emanueli, DC Shively, KJ Pedersen, K Afonso, CL AF Diel, Diego G. Miller, Patti J. Wolf, Paul C. Mickley, Randall M. Musante, Anthony R. Emanueli, Daniel C. Shively, Kirk J. Pedersen, Kerri Afonso, Claudio L. TI Characterization of Newcastle Disease Viruses Isolated from Cormorant and Gull Species in the United States in 2010 SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Newcastle disease virus; NDV; Newcastle disease; cormorants; gulls; outbreak ID DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; NEIGHBOR-JOINING METHOD; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PROTEIN GENE; SASKATCHEWAN; CANADA AB Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a member of the genus Avulavirus of the family Paramyxoviridae, is the causative agent of Newcastle disease (ND), a highly contagious disease that affects many species of birds and which frequently causes significant economic losses to die poultry industry worldwide. Virulent NDV (vNDV) is exotic in poultry in the United States; however, the virus has been frequently associated with outbreaks of ND in cormorants, which poses a significant threat to poultry species. Here, we present the characterization of 13 NDV isolates obtained from outbreaks of ND affecting cormorants and gulls in the states of Minnesota, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, and Maryland in 2010. All 2010 isolates are closely related to the viruses that caused the ND outbreaks in Minnesota in 2008, following the new evolutionary trend observed in cormorant NDV isolates since 2005. Similar to the results obtained with the 2008 isolates, the standard United States Department of Agriculture F-gene real-time reverse-transcription PCR (RRT-PCR) assay failed to detect the 2010 cormorant viruses, whereas all viruses were detected by a cormorant-specific F-gene RRT-PCR assay. Notably, NDV-positive gulls were captured on the eastern shore of Maryland, which represents a significant geographic expansion of die virus since its emergence in North America. This is the first report of vNDV originating from cormorants isolated from wild birds in Maryland and, notably, the first time that genotype V vNDV has been isolated from multiple wild bird species in the United States. These findings highlight the need for constant epidemiologic surveillance for NDV in wild bird populations and for consistent biosecurity measures to prevent the introduction of the agent into domestic poultry flocks. C1 [Diel, Diego G.; Miller, Patti J.; Afonso, Claudio L.] ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Wolf, Paul C.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, St Paul, MN 55107 USA. [Mickley, Randall M.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Sutton, MA 01590 USA. [Musante, Anthony R.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Concord, NH 03301 USA. [Emanueli, Daniel C.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Annapolis, MD 21409 USA. [Shively, Kirk J.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. [Pedersen, Kerri] Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Afonso, CL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM claudio.afonso@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 56 IS 1 BP 128 EP 133 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 920GR UT WOS:000302392800017 PM 22545538 ER PT J AU Ladman, BS Spackman, E Gelb, J AF Ladman, Brian S. Spackman, Erica Gelb, Jack, Jr. TI Comparison of Pooling 11 or 5 Oropharyngeal Swabbings for Detecting Avian Influenza Virus by Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR in Broiler Chickens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE notifiable avian influenza; avian influenza virus; Delmarva Peninsula; chicken; detection; surveillance; real-time reverse transcription-PCR; oropharyngeal swabbing pool; low pathogenicity ID LOW-PATHOGENICITY; OUTBREAK; VIRGINIA; TURKEYS; MEAT AB The effect of pooling 11 or 5 oropharyngeal (O/P) swabbings on detecting avian influenza virus (ATV) by real-time reverse transcription (RRT)-PCR was evaluated. The model used for the evaluation was designed to minimize viral load and, thus, assess the effect of the pooling on detection. Two-week-old broiler chickens were inoculated via the intranasal route with the low pathogenicity chicken/Maryland/Minh Ma/04 H7N2 strain or remained uninoculated. On days 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 14 postinoculation (PI), O/P swabbings were collected from individual infected birds and pooled with either 10 or 4 O/P swabs from uninfected broilers to produce 10 replicate pools of 11 or 5 swabbings, respectively. AIV was readily detected (80%-100%) by RRT-PCR in the pools of 11 and pools of 5 swabbings from days 2 through 5 PI. Detection in pools of both types decreased to similar levels on day 7 (40% for the pools of 11 and 50% for the pools of 5). AIV was not detected on day 9, 11, and 14 PI in pools of either size. On a given sample day PI, mean cycle threshold (Ct) values were consistently higher (lower genome levels) in the pools of 11 compared to the pools of 5. These differences were statistically significant on days 3 and 5 PI, yet Ct values associated with both types of pools were clearly interpretable as AIV positive. C1 [Ladman, Brian S.; Gelb, Jack, Jr.] Univ Delaware, Avian Biosci Ctr, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Spackman, Erica] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Ladman, BS (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Avian Biosci Ctr, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM bladman@udel.edu FU USDA [NC-1180]; State of Delaware via state lines, "Poultry Disease Research"; "Poultry Diagnostic Laboratory" FX This research was supported by USDA Multistate Regional Research Project NC-1180. Funding was also provided by the State of Delaware via state lines, "Poultry Disease Research" and "Poultry Diagnostic Laboratory." We thank David Shapiro, Don Ritter, and Heather Hirst for reviewing the manuscript. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 56 IS 1 BP 227 EP 229 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 920GR UT WOS:000302392800030 PM 22545551 ER PT J AU Lee, KW Lillehoj, HS Park, MS Jang, SI Ritter, GD Hong, YH Jeong, W Jeoung, HY An, DJ Lillehoj, EP AF Lee, K. W. Lillehoj, H. S. Park, M. S. Jang, S. I. Ritter, G. D. Hong, Y. H. Jeong, W. Jeoung, H. Y. An, D. J. Lillehoj, E. P. TI Clostridium perfringens alpha-Toxin and NetB Toxin Antibodies and Their Possible Role in Protection Against Necrotic Enteritis and Gangrenous Dermatitis in Broiler Chickens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE necrotic enteritis; gangrenous dermatitis; Clostridium perfringens; broiler chicken ID CYTOKINE RESPONSES; IMMUNOPATHOLOGY; PATHOGENESIS; COCCIDIOSIS; VACCINATION; DISEASE AB Necrotic enteritis (NE) and gangrenous dermatitis (GD) are important infectious diseases of poultry. Although NE and GD share a common pathogen, Clostridium perfringens, they differ in other important aspects such as clinical signs, pathologic symptoms, and age of onset. The primary virulence factors of C. perfringens are its four major toxins (alpha, beta, epsilon, iota) and the newly described NE B-like (NetB) toxin. While neutralizing antibodies against some C. perfringens toxins are associated with protection against infection in mammals, the serologic responses of NE- and GD-afflicted birds to these toxins have not been evaluated. Therefore, we measured serum antibody levels to C. pelfringens alpha-toxin and NetB toxin in commercial birds from field outbreaks of NE and GD using recombinant toxin-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Initially, we used this ELISA system to detect antibody titers against C. perfringens alpha-toxin and NetB toxin that were increased in birds experimentally co-infected with Eimeria maxima and C. pelfringens compared with uninfected controls. Next, we applied this ELISA to field serum samples from flock-mated birds with or without clinical signs of NE or GD. The results showed that the levels of antibodies against both toxins were significantly higher in apparently healthy chickens compared to birds with clinical signs of NE or GD, suggesting that these antitoxin antibodies may play a role in protection against NE and GD. C1 [Lee, K. W.; Lillehoj, H. S.; Park, M. S.; Jang, S. I.] ARS, USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ritter, G. D.] Mountaire Farms, Millsboro, DE 19966 USA. [Hong, Y. H.] Chung Ang Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Technol, Anseong 456756, South Korea. [Jeong, W.; Jeoung, H. Y.; An, D. J.] Natl Vet Res & Quarantine Serv, Anyang 430824, Kyunggido, South Korea. [Lillehoj, E. P.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Hyun.Lillehoj@ARS.USDA.GOV OI Lee, Kyung-Woo/0000-0002-3533-7979 FU ARS-USDA; Animal Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Republic of Korea; Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program [PJ008084]; Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea; [1265-32000-086-00D] FX This project was supported, in part, by a trust agreement established between ARS-USDA and Animal Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Republic of Korea, and the ARS in-house project (1265-32000-086-00D) and the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (No. PJ008084), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. We thank Marjorie Nichols and Stacy Torreyson for technical assistance. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 56 IS 1 BP 230 EP 233 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 920GR UT WOS:000302392800031 PM 22545552 ER PT J AU Burri, BJ AF Burri, Betty J. TI Evaluating Global Barriers to the Use of Red Palm Oil as an Intervention Food to Prevent Vitamin A Deficiency SO COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Review ID PRIMARY-SCHOOL CHILDREN; BETA-CAROTENE; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; BURKINA-FASO; BREAST-MILK; IMPACT; SUPPLEMENTATION; FORTIFICATION; PRODUCTS AB Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is an important cause of blindness and premature death. Red palm oil (RPO) is the richest food source of VA-forming carotenoids. RPO carotenoid concentration and bioavailability were evaluated and this data used to estimate the amount of RPO needed to meet VA requirements. Amounts ranged from 6.7 to 29.2 g/d (1.5 to 6.5 tsp/d), which are easily consumed. The amount of RPO needed to supply recommended dietary intakes of VA for all 208100000 individuals most in danger for VAD worldwide for 1 y is 0.80 million metric tons, a fraction of annual world palm oil production. Despite its abundance, RPO has seldom been used for VAD prevention on a national level. Pareto charts were constructed to highlight the variables that influence the ability of RPO to prevent VAD on the national level. The most important variable by far was refining method. Most refining methods are designed to remove color and flavor from RPO, resulting in a bland product that lacks carotenoids. Thus, the important barriers to the use of RPO as a food-based intervention to prevent VAD appear to be that: (1) RPO requires refining, limiting its profitability and availability for small farmers. (2) The goal of most refining methods is to create a low-cost bland, odorless, and colorless fat which requires removal of carotenoids. (3) Cost, since RPO use competes with high-dose VA supplements, which are heavily subsidized. It appears that RPO could prevent VAD in many food-deficit countries if carotenoids were conserved during oil refining, and costs were low enough to make it an attractive alternative to nutritional supplements. C1 ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Burri, BJ (reprint author), ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM betty.burri@ars.usda.gov NR 135 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1541-4337 J9 COMPR REV FOOD SCI F JI Compr. Rev. Food. Sci. Food Saf. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 11 IS 2 BP 221 EP 232 DI 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2011.00181.x PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 900FR UT WOS:000300872500008 ER PT J AU Wilcox, BP Seyfried, MS Breshears, DD McDonnell, JJ AF Wilcox, Bradford P. Seyfried, Mark S. Breshears, David D. McDonnell, Jeffrey J. TI Ecohydrologic connections and complexities in drylands: new perspectives for understanding transformative landscape change Preface SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE feedback; threshold; resilience; complexity; emergent phenomena; scale C1 [Wilcox, Bradford P.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Seyfried, Mark S.] USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Stn, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ USA. [Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ USA. [McDonnell, Jeffrey J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McDonnell, Jeffrey J.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen AB9 1FX, Scotland. RP Wilcox, BP (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM bwilcox@tamu.edu NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD MAR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 SI SI BP 143 EP 144 DI 10.1002/eco.1251 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 918HB UT WOS:000302238800002 ER PT J AU Adams, HD Luce, CH Breshears, DD Allen, CD Weiler, M Hale, VC Smith, AMS Huxman, TE AF Adams, Henry D. Luce, Charles H. Breshears, David D. Allen, Craig D. Weiler, Markus Hale, V. Cody Smith, Alistair M. S. Huxman, Travis E. TI Ecohydrological consequences of drought- and infestation- triggered tree die-off: insights and hypotheses SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Review DE ecohydrology; die-off; tree mortality; forest mortality; evapotranspiration; recharge; water yield; bark beetle; tree pests ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER YIELD; TIMBER HARVEST; RAINFALL INTERCEPTION; SNOW ACCUMULATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; HYDROLOGIC PROCESSES AB Widespread, rapid, drought-, and infestation-triggered tree mortality is emerging as a phenomenon affecting forests globally and may be linked to increasing temperatures and drought frequency and severity. The ecohydrological consequences of forest die-off have been little studied and remain highly uncertain. To explore this knowledge gap, we apply the extensive literature on the ecohydrological effects of tree harvest in combination with the limited existing die-off ecohydrology research to develop new, relevant hypotheses. Tree mortality results in loss of canopy cover, which directly alters evaporation, transpiration, and canopy interception and indirectly alters other watershed hydrologic processes, including infiltration, runoff, groundwater recharge, and streamflow. Both die-off and harvest research suggest that for most forests, water yield can be expected to increase following substantial loss of tree cover by die-off. We hypothesize that where annual precipitation exceeds 500 mm or water yield is dominated by snowmelt, watersheds will experience significantly decreased evapotranspiration and increased flows if absolute canopy cover loss from die-off exceeds 20%. However, recent observations suggest that water yield following die-off can potentially decrease rather than increase in drier forests. To reliably predict die-off responses, more research is needed to test these hypotheses, including observations of multiple water budget components and the persistence of ecohydrological effects with the post-die-off successional dynamics of tree recruitment, understorey growth, and interactions with additional disturbances. With die-off, mitigation and restoration options are limited and costly, necessitating societal adaptation; therefore, die-off ecohydrology should be a high priority for future research. Published in 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Adams, Henry D.; Breshears, David D.; Huxman, Travis E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Luce, Charles H.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. [Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Weiler, Markus] Univ Freiburg, Inst Hydrol, Freiburg, Germany. [Hale, V. Cody] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Smith, Alistair M. S.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Adams, HD (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM henry@email.arizona.edu RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008; Weiler, Markus/F-5584-2011; Smith, Alistair/I-3162-2014 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662; Weiler, Markus/0000-0001-6245-6917; Smith, Alistair/0000-0003-0071-9958 FU Biosphere 2 via the Philecology Foundation; Department of Energy NICCR (Western Region) [DE-FC02-06ER64159]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0443526, EAR-0724958]; Western Mountain Initiative, a USGS; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [FP-91717801-0] FX The authors would like to thank Peter A. Troch, Paul D. Brooks, Bradford P. Wilcox, Keith R. J. Smettem, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful reviews of the manuscript. We would also like to acknowledge funding from Biosphere 2 via the Philecology Foundation, Department of Energy NICCR (Western Region: DE-FC02-06ER64159), National Science Foundation (DireNet: DEB-0443526; Critical Zone Observatory: EAR-0724958), and the Western Mountain Initiative, a USGS global change research project. This publication was developed under STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement no. FP-91717801-0 awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It has not been formally reviewed by EPA. The views expressed in this publication are solely those of the authors, and EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. NR 131 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 9 U2 107 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD MAR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 SI SI BP 145 EP 159 DI 10.1002/eco.233 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 918HB UT WOS:000302238800003 ER PT J AU Wilcox, BP Turnbull, L Young, MH Williams, CJ Ravi, S Seyfried, MS Bowling, DR Scott, RL Germino, MJ Caldwell, TG Wainwright, J AF Wilcox, Bradford P. Turnbull, Laura Young, Michael H. Williams, C. Jason Ravi, Sujith Seyfried, Mark S. Bowling, David R. Scott, Russell L. Germino, Matthew J. Caldwell, Todd G. Wainwright, John TI Invasion of shrublands by exotic grasses: ecohydrological consequences in cold versus warm deserts SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE rangelands; water budgets; land-cover change; invasive species ID TRANSPORT-DISTANCE APPROACH; SCALING EROSION RATES; BROMUS-TECTORUM-L; GREAT-BASIN; SAGEBRUSH-STEPPE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOIL-MOISTURE; WATER-BALANCE; NEW-MEXICO; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS AB Across the globe, native savannas and woodlands are undergoing conversion to exotic grasslands. Here we summarize the current state of knowledge concerning the ecohydrological consequences of this conversion for the cold deserts (Great Basin, Colorado Plateau) and the warm deserts (Mojave, Sonoran, Chihuahuan) of North America. Our analysis is based on a synthesis of relevant literature, complemented by simulation modelling with a one-dimensional, soil water redistribution model (HYDRUS-1D) and a hillslope runoff and erosion model (MAHLERAN). When shrublands are invaded by grasses, many changes take place: rooting depths, canopy cover, species heterogeneity, water use, and fire regimes are radically altered. These changes then have the potential to alter key ecohydrological processes. With respect to the processes of runoff and erosion, we find that grass invasion influences cold and warm deserts in different ways. In cold deserts, runoff and erosion will increase following invasion; in particular, erosion on steep slopes (>15%) will be greatly accelerated following burning. In addition, evapotranspiration (ET) will be lower and soil water recharge will be higherwhich after several decades could affect groundwater levels. For warm deserts, grass invasion may actually reduce runoff and erosion (except for periods immediately following fire), and is likely to have little effect on either ET fluxes or soil water. Significant gaps in our knowledge do remain, primarily because there have been no comprehensive studies measuring all components of the water and energy budgets at multiple scales. How these changes may affect regional energy budgets, and thus weather patterns, is not yet well understood. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Wilcox, Bradford P.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Turnbull, Laura] Arizona State Univ, Global Inst Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Young, Michael H.] Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Williams, C. Jason; Seyfried, Mark S.] ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Ravi, Sujith] Univ Arizona, UA Biosphere 2, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Bowling, David R.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Scott, Russell L.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Germino, Matthew J.] USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Caldwell, Todd G.] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Wainwright, John] Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield Ctr Int Drylands Res, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. RP Wilcox, BP (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM bwilcox@tamu.edu RI Ravi, Sujith/C-3586-2008; Young, Michael/J-8009-2012; Germino, Matthew/F-6080-2013; Caldwell, Todd/H-5129-2011 OI Ravi, Sujith/0000-0002-0425-9373; Young, Michael/0000-0001-8479-9910; Williams, Jason/0000-0002-6289-4789; Caldwell, Todd/0000-0003-4068-0648 FU National Institute of Food and Agriculture; Natural Resource Conservation Service, US Department of Agriculture; National Science Foundation [DEB-0423704, DEB 00-80412]; US Department of Agriculture FX This article has resulted from a collaborative effort initiated at the 2009 American Geophysical Union Chapman Conference 'Examining Ecohydrological Feedbacks of Landscape Change along Elevation Gradients in Semiarid Regions.' Support was provided to Bradford Wilcox under a grant from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture and the Natural Resource Conservation Service, US Department of Agriculture. Laura Turnbull was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DEB-0423704, Central Arizona-Phoenix Long-Term Ecological Research (CAP LTER). Matthew Germino was partially supported by grants from National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture and the National Science Foundation Idaho-EPSCoR programs. John Wainwright was partially supported from the National Science Foundation under NSF grant DEB 00-80412, Jornada LTER". NR 98 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 9 U2 58 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD MAR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 SI SI BP 160 EP 173 DI 10.1002/eco.247 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 918HB UT WOS:000302238800004 ER PT J AU Miller, GR Cable, JM McDonald, AK Bond, B Franz, TE Wang, LX Gou, S Tyler, AP Zou, CB Scott, RL AF Miller, Gretchen R. Cable, Jessica M. McDonald, Alyson K. Bond, Barbara Franz, Trenton E. Wang, Lixin Gou, Si Tyler, Anna P. Zou, Chris B. Scott, Russell L. TI Understanding ecohydrological connectivity in savannas: a system dynamics modelling approach SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE cross-scale interactions; feedbacks; resilience; disturbance; system dynamics; soil moisture dynamics; evapotranspiration ID WOODY-PLANT ENCROACHMENT; SOIL-MOISTURE; VEGETATION PATCHES; WATER; PRECIPITATION; ECOSYSTEMS; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS; RUNOFF; SCALE AB Ecohydrological connectivity is a system level property that results from the linkages in the networks of water transport through ecosystems, by which feedbacks and other emergent system behaviours may be generated. We created a system dynamics model that represents primary ecohydrological networks to examine how connectivity between ecosystem components impacts ecosystem processes. Here, we focused on the savanna ecosystems, although the analyses may be expanded to other ecosystem types in the future. To create the model, a set of differential equations representing ecohydrological processes was programmed into the dynamic solver Vensim. Stocks of water storage (e.g. atmospheric and soil moisture) were linked by flows [e.g. precipitation and evapotranspiration (ET)] that were in turn dynamically controlled by the amount of water stored. Precipitation was forced stochastically, and soil moisture and potential ET controlled actual ET. The model produced extended, probabilistic time series of stocks and flows, including precipitation, soil moisture, runoff, transpiration, and groundwater recharge. It was used to describe the behaviour of several previously studied savanna ecosystems in North America and Africa. The model successfully reproduced seasonal patterns of soil moisture dynamics and ET at the California site. It also demonstrated more complex, system level behaviours, such as multiyear persistence of drought and synergistic or antagonistic responses to disconnection of system components. Future improvements to the model will focus on capturing other important aspects of long-term system behaviour, such as changes in physiology or phenology, and spatial heterogeneity, such as the patchwork nature of savannas. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Miller, Gretchen R.; Gou, Si] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Cable, Jessica M.] Univ Alaska, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [McDonald, Alyson K.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, Texas AgriLife Extens Serv, Ft Stockton, TX USA. [Bond, Barbara] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Franz, Trenton E.; Wang, Lixin] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Wang, Lixin] Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Tyler, Anna P.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ USA. [Zou, Chris B.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Scott, Russell L.] ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Miller, GR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM gmiller@civil.tamu.edu RI Wang, Lixin/A-2572-2008; Miller, Gretchen/F-7695-2010; Zou, Chris/A-5039-2010 OI Wang, Lixin/0000-0003-0968-1247; Miller, Gretchen/0000-0002-1108-0654; Zou, Chris/0000-0003-0080-2866 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-03ER63638]; NSF [OISE-0854708, EAR-847368]; Princeton University; Walbridge Fund; NASA-IDS2 [NNG-04-GM71G] FX The authors acknowledge the PIs of the following micrometeorological observation sites for use of their data in this research: Dennis Baldocchi (Tonzi Ranch Oak Savanna, US Department of Energy Terrestrial Carbon Project, Grant No DE-FG02-03ER63638), Russell Scott (USDA-ARS, San Pedro woody plant encroachment gradient), Kelly Caylor (Kenya sites, NSF OISE-0854708 and NSF CAREER award to K. Caylor EAR-847368, Princeton University, Grand Challenges, Walbridge Fund, and Technology for Developing Regions Fellowship), and Hank Shugart, Paolo D'Odorico, Greg Okin, and Stephen Macko (Kalahari Transect, NASA-IDS2, Grant No NNG-04-GM71G). Lixin Wang greatly appreciates the teamwork and field assistance from Kelly Caylor, Todd Scanlon, Natalie Mladenov, Lydia Ries, and Thoralf Meyer. NCEP Reanalysis Derived data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their website at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful and constructive feedback. NR 59 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD MAR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 SI SI BP 200 EP 220 DI 10.1002/eco.245 PG 21 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 918HB UT WOS:000302238800007 ER PT J AU Bagchi, S Briske, DD Wu, XB McClaran, MP Bestelmeyer, BT Fernandez-Gimenez, ME AF Bagchi, Sumanta Briske, David D. Wu, X. B. McClaran, Mitchel P. Bestelmeyer, Brandon T. Fernandez-Gimenez, Maria E. TI Empirical assessment of state-and-transition models with a long-term vegetation record from the Sonoran Desert SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE alternative stable states; cluster analysis; detrended correspondence analysis; dynamic regimes; nonequilibrium theory; rangeland management; regime shifts; thresholds ID REGIME SHIFTS; THRESHOLDS; RESILIENCE; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; NONEQUILIBRIUM; PERSPECTIVES; RESTORATION; RANGELANDS; FRAMEWORK AB Resilience-based frameworks, including state-and-transition models (STM), are being increasingly called upon to inform policy and guide ecosystem management, particularly in rangelands. Yet, multiple challenges impede their effective implementation: (1) paucity of empirical tests of resilience concepts, such as alternative states and thresholds, and (2) heavy reliance on expert models, which are seldom tested against empirical data. We developed an analytical protocol to identify unique plant communities and their transitions, and applied it to a long-term vegetation record from the Sonoran Desert (1953-2009). We assessed whether empirical trends were consistent with resilience concepts, and evaluated how they may inform the construction and interpretation of expert STMs. Seven statistically distinct plant communities were identified based on the cover of 22 plant species in 68 permanent transects. We recorded 253 instances of community transitions, associated with changes in species composition between successive samplings. Expectedly, transitions were more frequent among proximate communities with similar species pools than among distant communities. But unexpectedly, communities and transitions were not strongly constrained by soil type and topography. Only 18 transitions featured disproportionately large compositional turnover (species dissimilarity ranged between 0.54 and 0.68), and these were closely associated with communities that were dominated by the common shrub (burroweed, Haplopappus tenuisecta); indicating that only some, and not all, communities may be prone to large compositional change. Temporal dynamics in individual transects illustrated four general trajectories: stability, nondirectional drift, reversibility, and directional shifts that were not reversed even after 2-3 decades. The frequency of transitions and the accompanying species dissimilarity were both positively correlated with fluctuation in precipitation, indicating that climatic drivers require more attention in STMs. Many features of the expert models, including the number of communities and participant species, were consistent with empirical trends, but expert models underrepresented recent increases in cacti while overemphasizing the introduced Lehmann's lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana). Quantification of communities and transitions within long-term vegetation records presents several quantitative metrics such as transition frequency, magnitude of accompanying compositional change, presence of unidirectional trajectories, and lack of reversibility within various timescales, which can clarify resilience concepts and inform the construction and interpretation of STMs. C1 [Bagchi, Sumanta; Briske, David D.; Wu, X. B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [McClaran, Mitchel P.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Bestelmeyer, Brandon T.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range & Jornada Basin LTER, MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Fernandez-Gimenez, Maria E.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Bagchi, S (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, 2138 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM sbagchi@ag.tamu.edu RI Wu, X. Ben/E-3772-2010 OI Wu, X. Ben/0000-0001-5947-3118 FU USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; University of Arizona; USDA CSREES [2007-38415-18637] FX We are grateful to all researchers who established and monitored the vegetation transects to create the long-term database. Data were provided by the Santa Rita Experimental Range Digital Database, with support from USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station and the University of Arizona. Our research was supported in part by USDA CSREES grant 2007-38415-18637. Critiques by David J. Augustine and an anonymous referee helped improve an earlier draft. NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 51 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 22 IS 2 BP 400 EP 411 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 921ZP UT WOS:000302516900003 PM 22611843 ER PT J AU Potter, KM Woodall, CW AF Potter, Kevin M. Woodall, Christopher W. TI Trends over time in tree and seedling phylogenetic diversity indicate regional differences in forest biodiversity change SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; climate change; conservation biology; dispersal; ecosystem function; forest health; indicator; landscape ecology; monitoring; North America; phylogenetic diversity; regional scale ID RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; LOCALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSES; VEGETATION PATTERNS; MIGRATION; PLANTS; DISPERSAL; HISTORY; PRODUCTIVITY AB Changing climate conditions may impact the short-term ability of forest tree species to regenerate in many locations. In the longer term, tree species may be unable to persist in some locations while they become established in new places. Over both time frames, forest tree biodiversity may change in unexpected ways. Using repeated inventory measurements five years apart from more than 7000 forested plots in the eastern United States, we tested three hypotheses: phylogenetic diversity is substantially different from species richness as a measure of biodiversity; forest communities have undergone recent changes in phylogenetic diversity that differ by size class, region, and seed dispersal strategy; and these patterns :Are consistent with expected early effects of climate change. Specifically, the magnitude of diversity change across broad regions should be greater among seedlings than in trees., should be associated with latitude and elevation, and should be greater among species with high dispersal capacity. Our analyses demonstrated that phylogenetic diversity and species richness are decoupled at small and medium scales and are imperfectly associated at large scales. This suggests that it is appropriate to apply indicators of biodiversity change based on phylogenetic diversity, which account for evolutionary relationships among species and may better represent community functional diversity. Our results also detected broadscale patterns of forest biodiversity change that are consistent with expected early effects of climate change. First, the statistically significant increase over time in seedling diversity in the South suggests that conditions there have become more favorable for the reproduction and dispersal of a wider variety of species, whereas the significant decrease in northern seedling diversity indicates that northern conditions have become less favorable. Second, we found weak correlations between seedling diversity change and latitude in both zones, with stronger relationships apparent in some ecoregions. Finally, we detected broadscale seedling diversity increases among species with longer-distance dispersal capacity, even in the northern zone, where overall seedling diversity declined. The statistical power and geographic extent of such analyses will increase as data become available over larger areas and as plot measurements are repeated at regular intervals over a longer period of time. C1 [Potter, Kevin M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Woodall, Christopher W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Potter, KM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, USDA, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kevinpotter@fs.fed.us OI Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214; Potter, Kevin/0000-0002-7330-5345 FU USDA Forest Service [09-JV-11330146-087, 10-JV-11330146-064]; North Carolina State University [09-JV-11330146-087, 10-JV-11330146-064] FX The authors thank the hundreds of Forest Inventory and Analysis field crew members across the eastern United States who collected the forestland inventory information that was used in this analysis. They also appreciate the helpful suggestions of F. H. Koch, W. D. Smith, and two anonymous reviewers. This research was supported in part through Research Joint Venture Agreement. 09-JV-11330146-087 and Research Joint Venture Agreement 10-JV-11330146-064 between the USDA Forest Service and North Carolina State University. NR 76 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 39 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 22 IS 2 BP 517 EP 531 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 921ZP UT WOS:000302516900011 PM 22611851 ER PT J AU Paraiso, O Hight, SD Kairo, MTK Bloem, S Carpenter, JE Reitz, S AF Paraiso, Oulimathe Hight, Stephen D. Kairo, Moses T. K. Bloem, Stephanie Carpenter, James E. Reitz, Stuart TI LABORATORY BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF TRICHOGRAMMA FUENTESI (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE), AN EGG PARASITOID OF CACTOBLASTIS CACTORUM (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Trichogramma fuentesi; Cactoblastis cactorum; cactus moth; augmentative biological control; host age; biological parameters ID HOST AGE; POLYPHENOL CONTENT; TEMPERATURE; FECUNDITY; MOTH; BRACONIDAE; BRASSICAE; AMERICA; HISTORY; GROWTH AB Trichogramma fuentesi Torre was identified attacking Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg), a serious pest of Opuntia spp. in North America, raising the possibility of using this egg parasitoid as an inundative biological control agent. Studies were conducted to assess the biological parameters of this parasitoid under laboratory conditions. Nutritive quality influence of the rearing supplement on the parasitoid's longevity, mating, and age was evaluated based on the level of parasitism. The presence and type of food source had a positive impact on female longevity, and female parasitoids given a diet composed of pure honey lived the longest; an average of 11 d. Mated females parasitized a greater number of C. cactorum host eggs than did unmated females. Percent parasitism significantly decreased with female age. Two- to 3-day old female parasitoids had the highest level of parasitism. Two-day old host eggs were the optimal host egg age for parasitization by T fuentesi. In the context of implementing an inundative biological control program against C. cactorum, two-day old mated and honey fed Trichogramma females should be released to increase level of control. C1 [Paraiso, Oulimathe; Kairo, Moses T. K.] Florida A&M Univ, Coll Engn Sci Technol & Agr, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [Hight, Stephen D.; Reitz, Stuart] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. [Bloem, Stephanie] USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Plant Epidemiol & Risk Anal Lab, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Carpenter, James E.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Paraiso, O (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Coll Engn Sci Technol & Agr, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RI Reitz, Stuart/B-7667-2008 FU FAMU, USDA-APHIS [07-10-8100-0755-CA] FX We thank Shalom Benton (FAMU) for field collection and laboratory assistance, Chris Albanese, Michael Getman, and John Mass (USDA-ARS-CMAVE, Tallahassee) for field assistance, and Susan Drawdy and Robert Caldwell (USDA-ARS-CPMRU, Tifton) for an ample supply of cactus moth eggsticks. This work is funded under the FAMU, USDA-APHIS Cooperative Agreement, 07-10-8100-0755-CA. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 95 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 913HF UT WOS:000301867000001 ER PT J AU Jenkins, DA Kendra, PE Epsky, ND Montgomery, WS Heath, RR Jenkins, DM Goenaga, R AF Jenkins, David A. Kendra, Paul E. Epsky, Nancy D. Montgomery, Wayne S. Heath, Robert R. Jenkins, Daniel M. Goenaga, Ricardo TI ANTENNAL RESPONSES OF WEST INDIAN AND CARIBBEAN FRUIT FLIES (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) TO AMMONIUM BICARBONATE AND PUTRESCINE LURES SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha obliqua; Anastrepha suspensa; electroantennography; putrescine; ammonium bicarbonate ID ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA DIPTERA; SYNTHETIC ATTRACTANT; ELECTROANTENNOGRAM RESPONSES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; FLY DIPTERA; OBLIQUA; LUDENS; TRAP; ATTRACTIVENESS; EFFICACY AB Efforts to monitor and detect tephritid fruit flies in the genus Anastrepha currently involve Multi Lure traps baited with two food-based synthetic attractants, ammonia (typically formulated as ammonium acetate or ammonium bicarbonate) and putrescine (1,4-diaminobutane). These baits are used in Central America, Florida, Texas, and the Caribbean to target/capture economically important Anastrepha spp. within each region. The efficacy of these baits varies by region and by species. Antennal responses to these compounds have been quantified for A. suspensa populations in Florida, but not elsewhere. This is the first report of antennal responses of Puerto Rican populations of A. obliqua and A. suspensa to the bait odors emitted from ammonium bicarbonate and putrescine lures. Responses to lure volatiles (tested separately and in combination), as measured by electroantennography (EAG), were dose dependant for both species and both sexes. Although the average response to ammonium bicarbonate in combination with putrescine was always numerically higher than responses to ammonium bicarbonate alone within a species and a sex, this result was never statistically significant. Males of A. obliqua were less sensitive than females, while males of A. suspensa were more sensitive than females to all volatiles and volatile mixtures, but these differences were not statistically significant at any dose. Female A. obliqua were more sensitive than A. suspensa females at all doses for all volatiles and all volatile mixtures, and these differences were statistically significant at the two highest doses of ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium bicarbonate plus putrescine. Our results are broadly similar with the electrophysiological studies conducted on Florida populations of A. suspensa, but there are important differences, most notably that the Florida study detected significantly lower responses by males than females to putrescine and ammonium bicarbonate plus putrescine. The implications of our results are discussed with respect to monitoring practices in different regions. C1 [Jenkins, David A.; Goenaga, Ricardo] USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [Kendra, Paul E.; Epsky, Nancy D.; Montgomery, Wayne S.; Heath, Robert R.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Jenkins, Daniel M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Jenkins, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, 2200 Ave PA Campos,Ste 201, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 95 IS 1 BP 28 EP 34 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 913HF UT WOS:000301867000006 ER PT J AU Landolt, PJ Roberts, D AF Landolt, Peter J. Roberts, Diana TI A SEX ATTRACTANT FOR TRAPPING CRAMBUS CYPRIDALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID NOCTUIDAE; MOTHS C1 [Landolt, Peter J.] ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Roberts, Diana] Washington State Univ, Extens Serv, Spokane, WA 99202 USA. RP Landolt, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM peter.landolt@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 95 IS 1 BP 194 EP 195 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 913HF UT WOS:000301867000030 ER PT J AU Arthurs, SP Tofangsazi, N Meagher, RL Cherry, R AF Arthurs, Steven P. Tofangsazi, Nastaran Meagher, Robert L. Cherry, Ron TI ATTRACTION OF PLECIA NEARCTICA (DIPTERA: BIBIONIDAE) TO FLORAL LURES CONTAINING PHENYLACETALDEHYDE SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID LOVEBUG; FLORIDA; TRAPS C1 [Arthurs, Steven P.; Tofangsazi, Nastaran] Univ Florida, Mid Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. [Meagher, Robert L.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Cherry, Ron] Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. RP Arthurs, SP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Mid Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 95 IS 1 BP 199 EP 201 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 913HF UT WOS:000301867000032 ER PT J AU Thomas, JMG Shirk, PD Shapiro, JP AF Thomas, Jean M. G. Shirk, Paul D. Shapiro, Jeffrey P. TI MASS REARING OF A TROPICAL MINUTE PIRATE BUG, ORIUS PUMILIO (HEMIPTERA: ANTHOCORIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID THRIPS THYSANOPTERA; INSIDIOSUS; HETEROPTERA; MANAGEMENT; DIET C1 [Thomas, Jean M. G.; Shirk, Paul D.; Shapiro, Jeffrey P.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Thomas, JMG (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 18 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 95 IS 1 BP 202 EP 204 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 913HF UT WOS:000301867000033 ER PT J AU Dickey, AM Osborne, LS Mckenzie, CL AF Dickey, Aaron M. Osborne, Lance S. Mckenzie, Cindy L. TI PAPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA, BRASSICALES: CARICACEAE) IS NOT A HOST PLANT OF TOMATO YELLOW LEAF CURL VIRUS (TYLCV; FAMILY GEMINIVIRIDAE, GENUS BEGOMOVIRUS) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID BEMISIA-TABACI; HEMIPTERA ALEYRODIDAE; HOMOPTERA C1 [Dickey, Aaron M.; Mckenzie, Cindy L.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Osborne, Lance S.] Univ Florida, Midflorida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. RP Dickey, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 95 IS 1 BP 211 EP 213 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 913HF UT WOS:000301867000036 ER PT J AU Coots, C Lambdin, P Grant, J Rhea, R Mockford, E AF Coots, Carla Lambdin, Paris Grant, Jerome Rhea, Rusty Mockford, Edward TI PSOCOPTERAN SPECIES ASSOCIATED WITH EASTERN HEMLOCK IN THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID CONSEQUENCES; HOMOPTERA; PREDATORS; INSECTS; SCALE C1 [Coots, Carla; Lambdin, Paris; Grant, Jerome] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Rhea, Rusty] US Forest Serv, USDA, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Mockford, Edward] Illinois State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Normal, IL 61790 USA. RP Coots, C (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM cdillin1@utk.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 95 IS 1 BP 224 EP 227 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 913HF UT WOS:000301867000040 ER PT J AU Rostagno, MH Callaway, TR AF Rostagno, Marcos H. Callaway, Todd R. TI Pre-harvest risk factors for Salmonella enterica in pork production SO FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE Epidemiology; Risk factors; Salmonella; Swine ID SWINE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; FINISHING-PIG HERDS; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT SALMONELLA; MARKET-AGE PIGS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; SUBSP ENTERICA; FATTENING PIGS; SLAUGHTER PIGS; SUBTHERAPEUTIC CHLORTETRACYCLINE; SEROLOGICAL PREVALENCE AB Salmonella is an important issue to the pork industry worldwide. Although Salmonella has been identified in all links of the pork production chain, there has been increasing focus on the pre-harvest phase (on-farm). Many investigations have been conducted to identify risk factors for Salmonella infections in pigs. In this review, we surveyed the literature to present a compilation of the scientific knowledge currently available about potential pre-harvest risk factors for Salmonella infection in swine populations, and discussed some of the potential fundamental issues associated with this type of on-farm studies. Because of the dynamic relationship between the host (the pig), the agent (Salmonella), and the environment, definitive statements regarding transmission, shedding, and carrier states are difficult. The number of potential sources of Salmonella infections for a swine population is endless, and the pattern of Salmonella transmission and shedding in swine populations is the result of the combination of a variety of factors resulting in a multitude of potential scenarios. Pigs may be infected with Salmonella during any of the production stages on-farm, and as shown in this review, a variety of risk factors may affect the probability of infection. Moreover, between the farm and the abattoir, additional factors can further increase the risk of Salmonella infections. Therefore, at the time of slaughter, the probability of Salmonella infections in pigs results from the occurrence of risk factors on-farm and between the farm and slaughter. Although a variety of risk factors has been reported, the lack of consistency, the methodological limitations, as well as the complex and dynamic epidemiology of Salmonella in swine populations prevent definitive conclusions. Based on the evidence available at the moment, we conclude that pre-harvest Salmonella control programs must be based essentially on strict measures of biosecurity and hygiene, which should minimize the risk of exposure of the pigs to potential infection sources, as well as the persistence of the bacteria in the herd. Moreover, particular attention must be given to the pre-slaughter process of transportation and lairage, where rigorous washing and disinfection programs should be applied. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rostagno, Marcos H.] ARS, USDA, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Callaway, Todd R.] ARS, USDA, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Rostagno, MH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Livestock Behav Res Unit, 125 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Marcos.Rostagno@ars.usda.gov NR 103 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9969 J9 FOOD RES INT JI Food Res. Int. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 45 IS 2 SI SI BP 634 EP 640 DI 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.04.041 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 915MU UT WOS:000302032200016 ER PT J AU Mukhopadhyay, S Ramaswamy, R AF Mukhopadhyay, Sudarsan Ramaswamy, Raghupathy TI Application of emerging technologies to control Salmonella in foods: A review SO FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE Salmonella; Ozone; Ultraviolet; Ultrasound; Electrolyzed oxidizing water; High pressure carbon dioxide; Bacteriophage ID ELECTROLYZED OXIDIZING WATER; PRESSURE CARBON-DIOXIDE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PULSED ELECTRIC-FIELD; ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESSES; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ULTRAVIOLET-LIGHT; UV-IRRADIATION; SHELL EGGS AB Salmonella is one of the major causes of foodborne illnesses in United States and many other parts of the world. The ubiquitous nature of the organisms and innumerous serotypes present in various foods make it challenging for researchers to strive for its elimination. In the past decade, various novel technologies have emerged with great potential to inactivate Salmonella and other foodborne pathogens. This review paper aims to compile research works reported in the recent past with emphasis on the use of emerging technologies such as, ozone, ultraviolet light, ultrasound, electrolyzed oxidized water, high pressure carbon dioxide, and bacteriophage. Other novel technologies like high pressure processing, pulsed electric field processing and irradiation were not covered considering their vastness of literature and availability of published reviews. Many of these emerging technologies have already reached commercial adoption in specific applications and many others are very promising. Development of suitable equipment, especially to make continuous processing feasible for a variety of foods and standardizing the process parameters for easy regulatory approval will pave the way for improved food quality and safety. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mukhopadhyay, Sudarsan] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Residue Chem & Predict Microbiol Res Unit, Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Ramaswamy, Raghupathy] Heinz N Amer, Innovat Ctr, Warrendale, PA 15086 USA. RP Mukhopadhyay, S (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Residue Chem & Predict Microbiol Res Unit, Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM sudarsan.mukhopadhyay@ars.usda.gov NR 200 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 101 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9969 J9 FOOD RES INT JI Food Res. Int. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 45 IS 2 SI SI BP 666 EP 677 DI 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.05.016 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 915MU UT WOS:000302032200019 ER PT J AU Rostagno, MH Hurd, HS McKean, JD AF Rostagno, Marcos H. Hurd, H. Scott McKean, James D. TI Variation of bacteriologic and serologic Salmonella enterica prevalence between cohorts within finishing swine production farms SO FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Epidemiology; Prevalence; Salmonella; Swine ID MEAT-JUICE; PIG HERDS; TYPHIMURIUM INFECTION; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; GROWING PIGS; TIME-COURSE; EXCRETION; PATTERNS; CULTURE AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the consistency of bacteriologic and serologic Salmonella enterica prevalence in cohorts of finishing pig lots from multiple production farms. A total of 6 lots of finishing pigs from each of 6 finishing production farms were included in this study. For each lot studied, 30 individual fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum immediately before the pigs were transported to the abattoir, and 50 individual meat samples were collected at slaughter. Individual fecal and meat juice samples were processed for detection of Salmonella and antibodies against Salmonella, respectively. All finishing production farms were Salmonella-positive in at least 2 fecal and 4 meat samplings. The overall bacteriologic prevalence was 12.9% (95% C.I. 8.0-17.8%), whereas the serologic prevalence was 35.4% (95% C.I. 24.5-46.4%; P<0.05). A wide variation in Salmonella prevalence (bacteriologic and serologic) between different finishing pig lots within production farms was observed, preventing the categorization of the production farms as either high or low Salmonella prevalence. This study shows that bacteriologic and serologic estimates of Salmonella prevalence are not consistent among cohorts within the same production farm, suggesting that point estimates of Salmonella prevalence in swine populations are not reliable. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rostagno, Marcos H.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hurd, H. Scott; McKean, James D.] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Rostagno, MH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, 125 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Marcos.Rostagno@ars.usda.gov FU National Research Initiative from the USDA [2001-35212-10864]; Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service; National Pork Board [04-100] FX This work was supported in part by the National Research Initiative Competitive Grant (Project # 2001-35212-10864) from the USDA, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, and by the National Pork Board (Project # 04-100). The authors thank Robert A. Schneider, Carol Wiltsey, Jared K. Gailey, Ellen Harbaugh, and Adrienne Norgrant for technical assistance, and the pork producer for collaborating in the investigation. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9969 J9 FOOD RES INT JI Food Res. Int. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 45 IS 2 SI SI BP 867 EP 870 DI 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.01.062 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 915MU UT WOS:000302032200041 ER PT J AU Parton, W Morgan, J Smith, D Del Grosso, S Prihodko, L Lecain, D Kelly, R Lutz, S AF Parton, William Morgan, Jack Smith, David Del Grosso, Stephen Prihodko, Lara Lecain, Dan Kelly, Robin Lutz, Susan TI Impact of precipitation dynamics on net ecosystem productivity SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bowen ratio; carbon dioxide; CO2; grassland; NEE; NEP; photosynthesis; precipitation; pulse; respiration; shortgrass steppe ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; SOIL CO2 FLUX; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; BOWEN-RATIO; SEASONAL PRECIPITATION; SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS; ANNUAL GRASSLAND; RAIN PULSES AB Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) was measured on shortgrass steppe (SGS) vegetation at the USDA Central Plains Experimental Range in northeastern Colorado from 2001 to 2003. Large year-to-year differences were observed in annual NEP, with >95% of the net carbon uptake occurring during May and June. Low precipitation during the 2002 April to June time period greatly reduced annual net carbon uptake. Large precipitation events (>10mmday-1) promoted carbon uptake, while small precipitation events (<10mmday-1) enhanced heterotrophic respiration and resulted in a net loss of carbon from the system. Large precipitation event enhanced carbon uptake was attributed to increased soil water content (SWC), which promotes plant photosynthesis. The large precipitation events which occurred from July to October have lower increases in daytime net CO2 uptake (NEPd) due to the presence of low live plant biomass compared to earlier in the growing season. Live aboveground plant biomass (AGB), solar radiation, and SWC were the major variables that controlled NEPd, while AGB, SWC, and relative humidity control nighttime respiration losses (NEPn). Aboveground plant biomass is the most important variable for controlling both NEPd and NEPn dynamics. These results suggest that the major factor controlling growing season NEPn is the amount of carbon fixed via photosynthesis during the day. Heterotrophic soil respiration is greatly enhanced for one to 2days following rainfall events with daily rainfall events >5mm having a similar increase in respiration (>3.00gmCm-2day-1). In addition, the size of the heterotrophic respiration pulse is independent of both the amount of time since the last rainfall event and the time of occurrence during the growing season. C1 [Parton, William; Prihodko, Lara; Kelly, Robin; Lutz, Susan] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Morgan, Jack; Smith, David; Del Grosso, Stephen; Lecain, Dan] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Parton, W (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Campus Mail 1499, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM william.parton@colostate.edu FU NSF [DEB-0823405] FX This research was funded by an NSF grant (DEB-0823405) for the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research site. We are grateful to Susy Lutz for her assistance in analyzing the data and preparing figures for the article. Any opinion, finding, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 63 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 8 U2 88 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 18 IS 3 BP 915 EP 927 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02611.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 897RD UT WOS:000300671600010 ER PT J AU Zhu, K Woodall, CW Clark, JS AF Zhu, Kai Woodall, Christopher W. Clark, James S. TI Failure to migrate: lack of tree range expansion in response to climate change SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biogeography; climate change; Forest Inventory and Analysis; latitude; presence; absence; range shift; seedling; tree migration ID NORTH-AMERICAN TREES; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; SPECIES-RICHNESS; POPULATION SPREAD; CHANGE IMPACTS; LAST CENTURY; BIODIVERSITY; SHIFTS; VULNERABILITY; CONSEQUENCES AB Tree species are expected to track warming climate by shifting their ranges to higher latitudes or elevations, but current evidence of latitudinal range shifts for suites of species is largely indirect. In response to global warming, offspring of trees are predicted to have ranges extend beyond adults at leading edges and the opposite relationship at trailing edges. Large-scale forest inventory data provide an opportunity to compare present latitudes of seedlings and adult trees at their range limits. Using the USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis data, we directly compared seedling and tree 5th and 95th percentile latitudes for 92 species in 30 longitudinal bands for 43334 plots across the eastern United States. We further compared these latitudes with 20th century temperature and precipitation change and functional traits, including seed size and seed spread rate. Results suggest that 58.7% of the tree species examined show the pattern expected for a population undergoing range contraction, rather than expansion, at both northern and southern boundaries. Fewer species show a pattern consistent with a northward shift (20.7%) and fewer still with a southward shift (16.3%). Only 4.3% are consistent with expansion at both range limits. When compared with the 20th century climate changes that have occurred at the range boundaries themselves, there is no consistent evidence that population spread is greatest in areas where climate has changed most; nor are patterns related to seed size or dispersal characteristics. The fact that the majority of seedling extreme latitudes are less than those for adult trees may emphasize the lack of evidence for climate-mediated migration, and should increase concerns for the risks posed by climate change. C1 [Zhu, Kai; Clark, James S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Woodall, Christopher W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Clark, James S.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Clark, James S.] Duke Univ, Dept Stat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Zhu, K (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM kai.zhu@duke.edu RI Zhu, Kai/H-1022-2013; OI Zhu, Kai/0000-0003-1587-3317; Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214 FU NSF [CDI 0940671]; Coweeta LTER FX For comments on the manuscript, we thank Dave Bell, Carl Salk, and two anonymous referees. The study was supported by NSF grants CDI 0940671 and the Coweeta LTER. NR 68 TC 160 Z9 161 U1 20 U2 255 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 18 IS 3 BP 1042 EP 1052 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02571.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 897RD UT WOS:000300671600020 ER PT J AU Stone, MM Weiss, MS Goodale, CL Adams, MB Fernandez, IJ German, DP Allison, SD AF Stone, Madeleine M. Weiss, Marissa S. Goodale, Christine L. Adams, Mary Beth Fernandez, Ivan J. German, Donovan P. Allison, Steven D. TI Temperature sensitivity of soil enzyme kinetics under N-fertilization in two temperate forests SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon cycle; decomposition; enzyme kinetics; extracellular enzyme; microbe; nitrogen fertilization; soil warming ID SIMULATED NITROGEN DEPOSITION; ORGANIC-MATTER; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; CARBON STORAGE; BEAR BROOK; RESPIRATION; ADAPTATION; ECOSYSTEMS; DIVERSITY AB Soil microbes produce extracellular enzymes that degrade carbon (C)-containing polymers in soil organic matter. Because extracellular enzyme activities may be sensitive to both increased nitrogen (N) and temperature change, we measured the effect of long-term N addition and short-term temperature variation on enzyme kinetics in soils from hardwood forests at Bear Brook, Maine, and Fernow Forest, West Virginia. We determined the Vmax and Km parameters for five hydrolytic enzymes: a-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase, beta-xylosidase, cellobiohydrolase, and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase. Temperature sensitivities of Vmax and Km were assessed within soil samples subjected to a range of temperatures. We hypothesized that (1) N additions would cause microbial C limitation, leading to higher enzyme Vmax values and lower Km values; and (2) both Vmax and Km would increase at higher temperatures. Finally, we tested whether or not temperature sensitivity of enzyme kinetics is mediated by N addition. Nitrogen addition significantly or marginally significantly increased Vmax values for all enzymes, particularly at Fernow. Nitrogen fertilization led to significantly lower Km values for all enzymes at Bear Brook, but variable Km responses at Fernow Forest. Both Vmax and Km were temperature sensitive, with Q10 values ranging from 1.642.27 for enzyme Vmax and 1.041.93 for enzyme Km. No enzyme showed a significant interaction between N and temperature sensitivity for Vmax, and only beta-xylosidase showed a significant interaction between N and temperature sensitivity for Km. Our study is the first to experimentally demonstrate a positive relationship between Km and temperature for soil enzymes. Higher temperature sensitivities for Vmax relative to Km imply that substrate degradation will increase with temperature. In addition, the Vmax and Km responses to N indicate greater substrate degradation under N addition. Our results suggest that increasing temperatures and N availability in forests of the northeastern US will lead to increased hydrolytic enzyme activity, despite the positive temperature sensitivity of Km. C1 [Stone, Madeleine M.; Weiss, Marissa S.; Goodale, Christine L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Adams, Mary Beth] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. [Fernandez, Ivan J.] Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [German, Donovan P.; Allison, Steven D.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Allison, Steven D.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Stone, MM (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 254-B Hayden Hall,240 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM madstone@sas.upenn.edu RI Allison, Steven/E-2978-2010 OI Allison, Steven/0000-0003-4629-7842 FU Cornell Biogeochemistry and Environmental Biocomplexity (BEB) Small Research Grant; NSF FX This work was funded by a Cornell Biogeochemistry and Environmental Biocomplexity (BEB) Small Research Grant to MMS and MSW, an NSF Research Experience for Undergraduates Fellowship to MMS, an NSF Advancing Theory in Biology grant to SDA, and an NSF-CAREER grant to CLG. The Fernow Watershed Acidification Project and the Bear Brook Watershed are supported by the NSF Long Term Research in Environmental Biology Program (LTREB). We thank Guinevere Fredriksen for assistance with soil C and N analysis, and Sarah Schneider for collecting soil samples at Bear Brook. We also thank the Kessler lab at Cornell University for use of their microplate reader in soil enzyme assays. NR 68 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 15 U2 192 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 18 IS 3 BP 1173 EP 1184 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02545.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 897RD UT WOS:000300671600031 ER PT J AU Rajendran, C Su, C Dubey, JP AF Rajendran, C. Su, C. Dubey, J. P. TI Molecular genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii from Central and South America revealed high diversity within and between populations SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; Chicken (Gallus domesticus); Cat (Felis catus); Genetic characterization; Genetic diversity; Population genetics ID FREE-RANGE CHICKENS; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; ATYPICAL GENOTYPES; HUMAN CONSUMPTION; CLINICAL FINDINGS; CLONAL LINEAGES; MOUSE-VIRULENCE; HIGH PREVALENCE AB Recent population studies revealed that a few major clonal lineages of Toxoplasma gondii dominate in different geographical regions. The Type II and III lineages are widespread in all continents and dominate in Europe, Africa and North America. In addition, the type 12 lineage is the most common type in wildlife in North America, the Africa 1 and 3 are among the major types in Africa, and ToxoDB PCR-RFLP #9 is the major type in China. Overall the T. gondii strains are more diverse in South America than any other regions. Here, we analyzed 164 T. gondii isolates from three countries in Central America (Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica), from one country in Caribbean (Grenada) and five countries from South America (Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Chile, and Argentina). The multilocous polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) based genotyping of 11 polymorphic markers (SAG1, SAG2, alt.SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, L358, PK1, C22-8, C29-2 and Apico) were applied to 148 free-range chicken (Gallus domesticus) isolates and 16 isolates from domestic cats (Fells catus) in Colombia; 42 genotypes were identified. Linkage disequilibrium analysis indicated more frequent genetic recombination in populations of Nicaragua and Colombia, and to a lesser degree in populations of Costa Rica and Argentina. Bayesian structural analysis identified at least three genetic clusters, and phylogenetic network analysis identified four major groups. The ToxoDB PCR-RFLP #7, Type III and II were major lineages identified from Central and South America, with high frequencies of the closely related ToxoDB PCR-RFLP #7 and Type III lineages. Taken together, this study revealed high diversity within and between T. gondii populations in Central and South America, and the dominance of Type III and its closely related ToxoDB PCR-RFLP #7 lineages. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rajendran, C.; Dubey, J. P.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Su, C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 58 TC 33 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 12 IS 2 BP 359 EP 368 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.12.010 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 921XT UT WOS:000302512100021 PM 22226702 ER PT J AU La Rosa, G Marucci, G Rosenthal, BM Pozio, E AF La Rosa, Giuseppe Marucci, Gianluca Rosenthal, Benjamin M. Pozio, Eduardo TI Development of a single larva microsatellite analysis to investigate the population structure of Trichinella spiralis SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Trichinella spiralis; Population; Microsatellite; Genetic variability; Genetic differentiation; Asia ID GENETIC-ANALYSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POLYMORPHISM; TRICHINOSIS; SOFTWARE; REGIONS; FLOW AB Trichinella spiralis is the most important etiological agent of human trichinellosis. It has a cosmopolitan distribution and is transmitted to humans mainly through the consumption of pork. In nature, transmission occurs among animals through the ingestion of an infected carcass by one or more hosts. Microsatellite markers have provided insight into how T. spiralis dispersed geographically over its evolutionary history. The objectives of the present study were to develop microsatellite markers capable of differentiating single larvae for investigating the inter- and intra-specific population structure of T. spiralis and to determine their usefulness as genetic markers to study transmission mechanisms of this zoonotic parasite. A panel of 48 larvae derived from each of 22 distinct isolates originating from the Americas, Asia and Europe, were investigated. A total of 27 alleles were detected in these samples using seven new markers. The sequences of the amplified fragments containing the microsatellites support the homology of the amplified products and validate their use for genetic population studies. We documented the first known occurrence of a genetically variable larval admixture, indicating that more than two adults gave rise to the ensuing population of this host's muscle larvae. Globally, T. spiralis was observed to harbor less genetic variation than other nematodes, a result consistent with previous assays of nuclear and mitochondrial variation. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [La Rosa, Giuseppe; Marucci, Gianluca; Pozio, Eduardo] Ist Super Sanita, Dept Infect Parasit & Immunomediated Dis, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Rosenthal, Benjamin M.] ARS, Anim Parast Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pozio, E (reprint author), Ist Super Sanita, Dept Infect Parasit & Immunomediated Dis, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy. EM edoardo.pozio@iss.it RI MARUCCI, GIANLUCA/O-2289-2015; OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 FU European project MED-VET-NET [Food-CT-2004-506122: Trichinet, WP11, Trichimed, WP27]; European Commission [SANCO/2006/FOODSAFETY/032] FX We are very indebted to Dante S. Zarlenga for his criticism and helpful suggestions. This work has been supported by the European project MED-VET-NET (contract Food-CT-2004-506122: Trichinet, WP11, and Trichimed, WP27), and by the European Commission (contract SANCO/2006/FOODSAFETY/032). NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 12 IS 2 BP 369 EP 376 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.01.008 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 921XT UT WOS:000302512100022 PM 22281873 ER PT J AU Hrabar, M Danci, A Schaefer, PW Gries, G AF Hrabar, Michael Danci, Adela Schaefer, Paul W. Gries, Gerhard TI In the Nick of Time: Males of the Parasitoid Wasp Pimpla disparis Respond to Semiochemicals from Emerging Mates SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pimpla disparis; Mating strategy; Early mate detection; Arrestment behaviour; Mate discrimination; Pheromone evolution ID SEX-PHEROMONE; SPALANGIA-ENDIUS; CHEMICAL MIMICRY; FEMALE MIMICRY; HYMENOPTERA; ICHNEUMONIDAE; BEHAVIOR; COMMUNICATION; PTEROMALIDAE; COMPONENTS AB Males of the parasitoid wasp Pimpla disparis Viereck (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) aggregate on parasitized gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, host pupae when the emergence of a prospective mate is imminent or under way. We tested the hypotheses that the developing parasitoid ("DePa") inside the host pupal case produces a pheromone that attracts and arrests mate-seeking males, and that the pheromone is most effective during the emergence of the parasitoid from the host. Results obtained in two-choice laboratory experiments, with 4-7-d-old virgin males, indicate that (1) DePa-derived semiochemicals arrest males, (2) the opening of a host pupal case strongly arrests males, and (3) the arrestment cue emanates from oral fluid secreted by both female and male parasitoids while they chew their way out of a host pupal case. This phenomenon implies that emerging females, which are haplodiploid and can reproduce without mating, do not engage in active pheromone signaling to attract males, and that mate-seeking males co-opt chemicals involved in eclosion as a mate-finding cue, taking a 50% chance that the prospective mate is a female. C1 [Hrabar, Michael; Danci, Adela; Gries, Gerhard] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Schaefer, Paul W.] ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Intro Res Lab, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Gries, G (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM gries@sfu.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); NSERC; Contech Enterprises; SC Johnson Canada; Global Forest Science FX We thank Sean McCann and Stephen Takacs for photographs and for technical support and advice regarding macro photography and video setup, Stevo DeMuth for graphical illustrations, Ian Bercovitz for statistical advice, Pilar Cepeda for assistance with insect rearing, Jessika Iwanski for assistance in bioassays and in organizing the quarantine facility, and two anonymous referees for meticulous reviews and constructive comments. Funding was provided by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) - Discovery Grant and by an NSERC - Industrial Research Chair to G. G., with Contech Enterprises, SC Johnson Canada, and Global Forest Science as sponsors. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 38 IS 3 BP 253 EP 261 DI 10.1007/s10886-012-0079-9 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 916BN UT WOS:000302071700006 PM 22392084 ER PT J AU Cha, DH Yee, WL Goughnour, RB Sim, SB Powell, THQ Feder, JL Linn, CE AF Cha, Dong H. Yee, Wee L. Goughnour, Robert B. Sim, Sheina B. Powell, Thomas H. Q. Feder, Jeffrey L. Linn, Charles E., Jr. TI Identification of Host Fruit Volatiles from Domestic Apple (Malus domestica), Native Black Hawthorn (Crataegus douglasii) and Introduced Ornamental Hawthorn (C. monogyna) Attractive to Rhagoletis pomonella Flies from the Western United States SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apple maggot fly; Olfaction; Fruit odor discrimination; Flight tunnel; Host races ID SPECIES DIPTERA TEPHRITIDAE; DOGWOOD CORNUS-FLORIDA; SYMPATRIC SPECIATION; ODOR DISCRIMINATION; HABITAT AVOIDANCE; WASHINGTON-STATE; MATING BEHAVIOR; RACE FORMATION; MAGGOT FLY; PLANT USE AB The apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella, infests apple (Malus domestica) and hawthorn species (most notably the downy hawthorn, Crataegus mollis) in the eastern USA. Evidence suggests that the fly was introduced into the western USA sometime in the last 60 years. In addition to apple, R. pomonella also infests two species of hawthorns in the western USA as major hosts: the native black hawthorn (C. douglasii) and the introduced ornamental English hawthorn, C. monogyna. Apple and downy hawthorn-origin flies in the eastern USA use volatile blends emitted from the surface of their respective ripening fruit to find and discriminate among host trees. To test whether the same is true for western flies, we used coupled gas chromatography and electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and developed a 7-component apple fruit blend for western apple-origin flies, an 8-component black hawthorn fruit blend for flies infesting C. douglasii, and a 9-component ornamental hawthorn blend for flies from C. monogyna. Crataegus douglasii and C. monogyna-origin flies showed similar levels of upwind directed flight to their respective natal synthetic fruit blends in flight tunnel assays compared to whole fruit adsorbent extracts, indicating that the blends contain all the behaviorally relevant fruit volatiles to induce maximal response levels. The black and ornamental hawthorn blends shared four compounds in common including 3-methylbutan-1-ol, which appears to be a key volatile for R. pomonella populations in the eastern, southern, and western USA that show a preference for fruit from different Crataegus species. However, the blends also differed from one another and from domesticated apple in several respects that make it possible that western R. pomonella flies behaviorally discriminate among fruit volatiles and form ecologically differentiated host races, as is the case for eastern apple and hawthorn flies. C1 [Cha, Dong H.; Linn, Charles E., Jr.] Cornell Univ, NYS Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Yee, Wee L.; Goughnour, Robert B.] ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Sim, Sheina B.; Powell, Thomas H. Q.; Feder, Jeffrey L.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46656 USA. RP Linn, CE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, NYS Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM CEL1@cornell.edu RI Cha, Dong/A-3977-2013; Powell, Thomas /B-8575-2013 OI Powell, Thomas /0000-0002-4780-5215 FU National Science Foundation [0614378]; USDA; Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission; Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration FX We thank Mike Chong at the University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, for the synthesis of DMNT. We thank Tracy Arcella, Stewart Berlocher, Scott Egan, Andrew Forbes, Glen Hood, Dave Costello, H. W. Jackson, and Jim Stevens for help in collecting fruit and fly samples, thoughtful discussion, and/or assistance in helping us prepare the manuscript for publication. We thank Blair Wolfley, Washington State University, Vancouver, and Clark County, WA General Services, for providing storage and rearing facilities. We acknowledge Meralee Nash for collection of fruit and rearing of larvae from Puyallup. We thank Callie Musto, Kathy Poole, and Paula Fox for maintaining the flies received from Notre Dame and Yakima, and Harvey Reissig, Cynthia Smith, and Dave Combs for use of the Geneva, New York, apple maggot colony. The research was supported by grants to J.L.F. and C. E. L. from the National Science Foundation (#0614378) to J.L.F. from the USDA, and to W.L.Y. from the Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission and Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 38 IS 3 BP 319 EP 329 DI 10.1007/s10886-012-0087-9 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 916BN UT WOS:000302071700014 PM 22399441 ER PT J AU Hughes, NM Burkey, KO Cavender-Bares, J Smith, WK AF Hughes, Nicole M. Burkey, Kent O. Cavender-Bares, Jeannine Smith, William K. TI Xanthophyll cycle pigment and antioxidant profiles of winter-red (anthocyanic) and winter-green (acyanic) angiosperm evergreen species SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Anthocyanin; antioxidant; ascorbate; chlorophyll; evergreen; photoinhibition; photoprotection; red leaves; winter; xanthophyll ID OVERWINTERING EVERGREENS; INDUCED PHOTOINHIBITION; ENERGY-DISSIPATION; SEASONAL-VARIATION; SPINACIA-OLERACEA; LIGHT ENVIRONMENT; GALAX-URCEOLATA; SHADE LEAVES; EXCESS LIGHT; YOUNG LEAVES AB Leaves of many angiosperm evergreen species change colour from green to red during winter, corresponding with the synthesis of anthocyanin pigments. The ecophysiological function of winter colour change (if any), and why it occurs in some species and not others, are not yet understood. It was hypothesized that anthocyanins play a compensatory photoprotective role in species with limited capacity for energy dissipation. Seasonal xanthophyll pigment content, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf nitrogen, and low molecular weight antioxidants (LMWA) of five winter-red and five winter-green angiosperm evergreen species were compared. Our results showed no difference in seasonal xanthophyll pigment content (V+A+Z g(-1) leaf dry mass) or LMWA between winter-red and winter-green species, indicating red-leafed species are not deficient in their capacity for non-photochemical energy dissipation via these mechanisms. Winter-red and winter-green species also did not differ in percentage leaf nitrogen, corroborating previous studies showing no difference in seasonal photosynthesis under saturating irradiance. Consistent with a photoprotective function of anthocyanin, winter-red species had significantly lower xanthophyll content per unit chlorophyll and less sustained photoinhibition than winter-green species (i.e. higher pre-dawn F-v/F-m and a lower proportion of de-epoxidized xanthophylls retained overnight). Red-leafed species also maintained a higher maximum quantum yield efficiency of PSII at midday (F'(v)/F'(m)) during winter, and showed characteristics of shade acclimation (positive correlation between anthocyanin and chlorophyll content, and negative correlation with chlorophyll a/b). These results suggest that the capacity for photon energy dissipation (photochemical and non-photochemical) is not limited in red-leafed species, and that anthocyanins more likely function as an alternative photoprotective strategy to increased VAZ/Chl during winter. C1 [Hughes, Nicole M.] High Point Univ, Dept Biol, High Point, NC 27262 USA. [Burkey, Kent O.] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Cavender-Bares, Jeannine] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Smith, William K.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC USA. RP Hughes, NM (reprint author), High Point Univ, Dept Biol, Univ Stn 3591, High Point, NC 27262 USA. EM nhughes@highpoint.edu RI Cavender-Bares, Jeannine/K-5716-2013 FU Wake Forest University FX The authors would like to thank L Renee Tucker of the USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit and Kari Kohler at the University of Minnesota for technical assistance with laboratory analyses. This work was supported by the Vecellio Fund at Wake Forest University. NR 59 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 38 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 63 IS 5 BP 1895 EP 1905 DI 10.1093/jxb/err362 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 905TM UT WOS:000301297800010 PM 22162871 ER EF