FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Gavrilov, BK Rogers, K Fernandez-Sainz, IJ Holinka, LG Borca, MV Risatti, GR AF Gavrilov, Boris K. Rogers, Kara Fernandez-Sainz, Ignacio J. Holinka, Lauren G. Borca, Manuel V. Risatti, Guillermo R. TI Effects of glycosylation on antigenicity and immunogenicity of classical swine fever virus envelope proteins SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Classical swine fever virus; Envelope proteins; Glycosylation; Immunogenicity; Protection; Baculovirus; Neutralizing antibodies; Mutants ID N-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION; HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; STRAIN BRESCIA; E-RNS; GLYCOPROTEIN GP160; E2 GLYCOPROTEIN; CELL-CULTURE; PESTIVIRUS; INDUCTION AB Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) harbors three envelope glycoproteins (E(rns), E1 and E2). Previous studies have demonstrated that removal of specific glycosylation sites within these proteins yielded attenuated and immunogenic CSFV mutants. Here we analyzed the effects of lack of glycosylation of baculovirus-expressed E(rns), E1, and E2 proteins on immunogenicity. Interestingly, E(rns), E1, and E2 proteins lacking proper post-translational modifications, most noticeable lack of glycosylation, failed to induce a detectable virus neutralizing antibody (NA) response and protection against CSFV. Similarly, no NA or protection was observed in pigs immunized with E1 glycoprotein. Analysis of E(rns) and E2 proteins with single site glycosylation mutations revealed that detectable antibody responses, but not protection against lethal CSFV challenge is affected by removal of specific glycosylation sites. In addition, it was observed that single administration of purified E(rns) glycoprotein induced an effective protection against CSFV infection. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gavrilov, Boris K.; Rogers, Kara; Risatti, Guillermo R.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Fernandez-Sainz, Ignacio J.; Holinka, Lauren G.; Borca, Manuel V.] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Risatti, GR (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM boris.gavrilov@uconn.edu; kara.rogers@uconn.edu; Ignacio.Fernandez-Sainz@ars.usda.gov; lauren.holinka@ars.usda.gov; manuel.borca@ars.usda.gov; guillermo.risatti@uconn.edu RI Fernandez Sainz, Ignacio/I-3046-2016; OI Borca, Manuel/0000-0002-0888-1178 FU Plum Island Animal Disease Center, DHS; [USDA-NRI 2006-01614]; [ARS-CRIS 1940-3200-045-02S] FX We thank Ms Melanie Prarat for editing this manuscript. We appreciate the support provided by the animal care takers at Plum Island Animal Disease Center, DHS. These studies were supported by grants USDA-NRI 2006-01614 and ARS-CRIS 1940-3200-045-02S. BKG was supported through grant USDA-NRI 2006-01614. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV 25 PY 2011 VL 420 IS 2 BP 135 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2011.08.025 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 837FR UT WOS:000296177000008 PM 21968199 ER PT J AU Zhou, XJ Fei, ZJ Thannhauser, TW Li, L AF Zhou, Xiangjun Fei, Zhangjun Thannhauser, Theodore W. Li, Li TI Transcriptome analysis of ectopic chloroplast development in green curd cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEDIATING LIGHT CONTROL; GENE-EXPRESSION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; BZIP PROTEIN; ARABIDOPSIS; PHYTOCHROME; INTERACTS; COP1; BIOGENESIS; REPRESSOR AB Background: Chloroplasts are the green plastids where photosynthesis takes place. The biogenesis of chloroplasts requires the coordinate expression of both nuclear and chloroplast genes and is regulated by developmental and environmental signals. Despite extensive studies of this process, the genetic basis and the regulatory control of chloroplast biogenesis and development remain to be elucidated. Results: Green cauliflower mutant causes ectopic development of chloroplasts in the curd tissue of the plant, turning the otherwise white curd green. To investigate the transcriptional control of chloroplast development, we compared gene expression between green and white curds using the RNA-seq approach. Deep sequencing produced over 15 million reads with lengths of 86 base pairs from each cDNA library. A total of 7,155 genes were found to exhibit at least 3-fold changes in expression between green and white curds. These included light-regulated genes, genes encoding chloroplast constituents, and genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis. Moreover, we discovered that the cauliflower ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (BoHY5) was expressed higher in green curds than white curds and that 2616 HY5-targeted genes, including 1600 up-regulated genes and 1016 down-regulated genes, were differently expressed in green in comparison to white curd tissue. All these 1600 up-regulated genes were HY5-targeted genes in the light. Conclusions: The genome-wide profiling of gene expression by RNA-seq in green curds led to the identification of large numbers of genes associated with chloroplast development, and suggested the role of regulatory genes in the high hierarchy of light signaling pathways in mediating the ectopic chloroplast development in the green curd cauliflower mutant. C1 [Zhou, Xiangjun; Fei, Zhangjun; Thannhauser, Theodore W.; Li, Li] Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Zhou, Xiangjun; Li, Li] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fei, Zhangjun] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ll37@cornell.edu FU USDA-ARS; CAS/SAFEA [20090491019] FX We thank Yong-Qiang Wang for helping with the analysis of the BoHY5-targeted genes. We thank Lei Li and Huiyong Zhang from University of Virginia for sharing the list of HY5-targeted genes in Arabidopsis. We thank D. Reed for assistance in growing cauliflower in the field. This work was supported by the USDA-ARS base fund and by the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams 20090491019. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD NOV 23 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 169 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-11-169 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 904KN UT WOS:000301194600001 PM 22112144 ER PT J AU Zheng, Y Zhao, LJ Gao, JP Fei, ZJ AF Zheng, Yi Zhao, Liangjun Gao, Junping Fei, Zhangjun TI iAssembler: a package for de novo assembly of Roche-454/Sanger transcriptome sequences SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID TIGR GENE INDEXES; GENOMICS; ESTS AB Background: Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) have played significant roles in gene discovery and gene functional analysis, especially for non-model organisms. For organisms with no full genome sequences available, ESTs are normally assembled into longer consensus sequences for further downstream analysis. However current de novo EST assembly programs often generate large number of assembly errors that will negatively affect the downstream analysis. In order to generate more accurate consensus sequences from ESTs, tools are needed to reduce or eliminate errors from de novo assemblies. Results: We present iAssembler, a pipeline that can assemble large-scale ESTs into consensus sequences with significantly higher accuracy than current existing assemblers. iAssembler employs MIRA and CAP3 assemblers to generate initial assemblies, followed by identifying and correcting two common types of transcriptome assembly errors: 1) ESTs from different transcripts (mainly alternatively spliced transcripts or paralogs) are incorrectly assembled into same contigs; and 2) ESTs from same transcripts fail to be assembled together. iAssembler can be used to assemble ESTs generated using the traditional Sanger method and/or the Roche-454 massive parallel pyrosequencing technology. Conclusion: We compared performances of iAssembler and several other de novo EST assembly programs using both Roche-454 and Sanger EST datasets. It demonstrated that iAssembler generated significantly more accurate consensus sequences than other assembly programs. C1 [Zheng, Yi; Fei, Zhangjun] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Zheng, Yi; Zhao, Liangjun; Gao, Junping] China Agr Univ, Dept Ornamental Hort, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Fei, Zhangjun] USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Fei, ZJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM zf25@cornell.edu RI Gao, Junping/H-5612-2011; Zheng, Yi/F-6150-2016; OI Zheng, Yi/0000-0002-8042-7770; Fei, Zhangjun/0000-0001-9684-1450 FU National Science Foundation [IOS-0923312, IOS-1110080]; United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development [IS-3877-06] FX We would like to thank Qi Sun and Thomas Brutnell for critical review of the manuscript. This work was supported by National Science Foundation grant (IOS-0923312, IOS-1110080) and the United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (IS-3877-06) to ZF. NR 23 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD NOV 23 PY 2011 VL 12 AR 453 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-12-453 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 858HB UT WOS:000297785400001 PM 22111509 ER PT J AU Dassanayake, RP Schneider, DA Truscott, TC Young, AJ Zhuang, DY O'Rourke, KI AF Dassanayake, Rohana P. Schneider, David A. Truscott, Thomas C. Young, Alan J. Zhuang, Dongyue O'Rourke, Katherine I. TI Classical scrapie prions in ovine blood are associated with B lymphocytes and platelet-rich plasma SO BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES; CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; PRECLINICAL DETECTION; PRPSC ACCUMULATION; LYMPHOID-TISSUES; UNITED-KINGDOM; SHEEP; TRANSFUSION; PROTEIN AB Background: Classical scrapie is a naturally occurring transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of sheep and goats characterized by cellular accumulation of abnormal isoforms of prion protein (PrP(Sc)) in the central nervous system and the follicles of peripheral lymphoid tissues. Previous studies have shown that the whole blood and buffy coat blood fraction of scrapie infected sheep harbor prion infectivity. Although PrP(Sc) has been detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), plasma, and more recently within a subpopulation of B lymphocytes, the infectivity status of these cells and plasma in sheep remains unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether circulating PBMCs, B lymphocytes and platelets from classical scrapie infected sheep harbor prion infectivity using a sheep bioassay. Results: Serial rectal mucosal biopsy and immunohistochemistry were used to detect preclinical infection in lambs transfused with whole blood or blood cell fractions from preclinical or clinical scrapie infected sheep. PrP(Sc) immunolabeling was detected in antemortem rectal and postmortem lymphoid tissues from recipient lambs receiving PBMCs (15/15), CD72(+) B lymphocytes (3/3), CD21(+) B lymphocytes (3/3) or platelet-rich plasma (2/3) fractions. As expected, whole blood (11/13) and buffy coat (5/5) recipients showed positive PrP(Sc) labeling in lymphoid follicles. However, at 549 days post-transfusion, PrP(Sc) was not detected in rectal or other lymphoid tissues in three sheep receiving platelet-poor plasma fraction. Conclusions: Prion infectivity was detected in circulating PBMCs, CD72(+) pan B lymphocytes, the CD21(+) subpopulation of B lymphocytes and platelet-rich plasma of classical scrapie infected sheep using a sheep bioassay. Combining platelets with B lymphocytes might enhance PrP(Sc) detection levels in blood samples. C1 [Dassanayake, Rohana P.; O'Rourke, Katherine I.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Schneider, David A.; Truscott, Thomas C.; Zhuang, Dongyue; O'Rourke, Katherine I.] ARS, Anim Dis Res Inst, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Young, Alan J.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Dassanayake, RP (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM rohana1@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Schneider, David/A-2833-2010 OI Schneider, David/0000-0001-9659-6731 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service [CRIS 5348-32000-026-00 D] FX This research was support by the funds from the USDA Agricultural Research Service under CRIS 5348-32000-026-00 D. We thank Drs. D. P. Knowles and L. (Herrmann) Hoesing (USDA, Pullman, WA) for reading the manuscript and providing helpful comments, L. Hamburg for her support during blood transfusion experiments, and D. Lesiak for PRNP genotyping of both donor and recipient sheep. We also thank L. Fuller, D. Chandler and J. Luft for care of the animals and Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory personnel at the histology laboratory for use of their tissue processor. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1746-6148 J9 BMC VET RES JI BMC Vet. Res. PD NOV 23 PY 2011 VL 7 AR 75 DI 10.1186/1746-6148-7-75 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 857EO UT WOS:000297699100001 PM 22112371 ER PT J AU Cornelius, ML Osbrink, WLA AF Cornelius, Mary L. Osbrink, Weste L. A. TI Influence of dry soil on the ability of Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus, to locate food sources SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE barrier; feeding; foraging; tunneling ID FEEDING-STIMULATING SIGNAL; LABIAL GLAND SECRETION; WOOD MOISTURE-CONTENT; ISOPTERA RHINOTERMITIDAE; RETICULITERMES-SANTONENSIS; FEYTAUD ISOPTERA; CONSUMPTION; BEHAVIOR; LEVEL; SAND AB The effect of barriers of dry soil on the ability of Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), to construct tunnels and find food was evaluated. Termite movement and wood consumption in a three-chambered apparatus were compared between treatments with dry soil in the center container and treatments where the soil in the center container was moist. When a wood block was located in the release container, termites fed significantly more on that block, regardless of treatment or soil type. In the treatment with dry clay, none of the termites tunneled through the dry clay barrier to reach the distal container. When termites had to tunnel through a barrier of dry sand, topsoil, or clay to reach the sole wood block, there was no effect on wood consumption for the sand treatment, but there was significantly less feeding on wood in the treatments with dry topsoil or clay. When foraging arenas had a section of dry sand in the center, the dry sand significantly reduced tunneling in the distal section after 3 days, but not after 10 days. There was a highly significant effect on the ability of termites to colonize food located in dry sand. Only one feeding station located in dry sand was colonized by termites, compared with 11 feeding stations located in moist sand. C1 [Cornelius, Mary L.; Osbrink, Weste L. A.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cornelius, ML (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Mary.Cornelius@ars.usda.gov; Weste.Osbrink@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD NOV 23 PY 2011 VL 11 BP 1 EP 11 AR 162 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 851TF UT WOS:000297293100001 PM 22239343 ER PT J AU Rostagno, MH AF Rostagno, Marcos H. TI Vaccination to reduce Salmonella prevalence in pigs SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Editorial Material ID EFFICACY; LIVE; IMMUNIZATION; INFECTION C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Rostagno, MH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM marcos.rostagno@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0042-4900 EI 2042-7670 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD NOV 23 PY 2011 VL 169 IS 21 BP 551 EP 552 DI 10.1136/vr.d7419 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 851JF UT WOS:000297263600015 PM 22102353 ER PT J AU Liang, Y Garcia, RA Piazza, GJ Wen, ZY AF Liang, Yi Garcia, Rafael A. Piazza, George J. Wen, Zhiyou TI Nonfeed Application of Rendered Animal Proteins for Microbial Production of Eicosapentaenoic Acid by the Fungus Pythium irregulare SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE rendered protein; yeast extract; Pythium irregulare; lipid; omega-3 fatty acid; meat and bone meal; feather meal; blood meal ID DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; CRUDE GLYCEROL; FERMENTATION; CULTURES; ALGAE; MEAT AB Rendered animal proteins are well suited for animal nutrition applications, but the market is maturing, and there is a need to develop new uses for these products. The objective of this study is to explore the possibility of using animal proteins as a nutrient source for microbial production of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by the microalga Schizochytrium limacinum and the fungus Pythium irregulare. To be absorbed by the microorganisms, the proteins needed to be hydrolyzed into small peptides and free amino acids. The utility of the protein hydrolysates for microorganisms depended on the hydrolysis method used and the type of microorganism. The enzymatic hydrolysates supported better cell growth performance than the alkali hydrolysates did. P. irregulare displayed better overall growth performance on the experimental hydrolysates compared to S. limacinum. When P. irregulare was grown in medium containing 10 g/L enzymatic hydrolysate derived from meat and bone meal or feather meal, the performance of cell growth, lipid synthesis, and omega-3 fatty acid production was comparable to the that of culture using commercial yeast extract. The fungal biomass derived from the animal proteins had 26-29% lipid, 32-34% protein, 34-39% carbohydrate, and <2% ash content. The results show that it is possible to develop a nonfeed application for rendered animal protein by hydrolysis of the protein and feeding to industrial microorganisms which can produce omega-3 fatty acids for making omega-3-fortified foods or feeds. C1 [Liang, Yi; Wen, Zhiyou] Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Garcia, Rafael A.; Piazza, George J.] ARS, Biobased & Other Anim Coprod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Wen, ZY (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM wenz@iastate.edu RI Garcia, Rafael/D-2796-2009; OI Garcia, Rafael/0000-0002-5452-3929; Piazza, George/0000-0003-4896-4928 FU Fats and Proteins Research Foundation (Alexandria, VA) FX We gratefully acknowledge the Fats and Proteins Research Foundation (Alexandria, VA) for their financial support of this project. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 23 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 22 BP 11990 EP 11996 DI 10.1021/jf2031633 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 847SM UT WOS:000296992800013 PM 22010831 ER PT J AU Lin, LZ Sun, JH Chen, P Harnly, J AF Lin, Long-Ze Sun, Jianghao Chen, Pei Harnly, James TI UHPLC-PDA-ESI/HRMS/MSn Analysis of Anthocyanins, Flavonol Glycosides, and Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives in Red Mustard Greens (Brassica juncea Coss Variety) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE red mustard green; Brassica juncea Coss variety; acylated cyanidin 3-sophoroside-5-diglucosides; acylated cyanidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucosides; acylated flavonol glycosides; hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives; UHPLC-PDA-ESI/HRMS/MSn identification ID VAR. COSTATA DC; ANTIOXIDANT PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HPLC-DAD; ACYLATED ANTHOCYANINS; ARRAY DETECTION; CANCER-RISK; RAPA L.; ESI-MSN; IDENTIFICATION AB An UHPLC-PDA-ESI/HRMS/MSn profiling method was used for, a comprehensive study of the phenolic components of red mustard greens (Brassica juncea Coss variety) and identified 67 anthocyanins, 102 flavonol glycosides, and 40 hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. The glycosylation patterns of the flavonoids were assigned on the basis of direct comparison of the parent flavonoid glycosides with reference compounds. The putative identifications were obtained from tandem mass data analysis and confirmed by the retention time, elution order, and UV-vis and high-resolution mass spectra. Further identifications were made by comparing the LTHPLC-PDA-ESI/HRMS/MSn data with those of reference compounds in the polyphenol database and in the literature. Twenty-seven acylated cyanidin 3-sophoroside-5-diglucosides, 24 acylated cyanidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucosides, 3 acylated cyanidin triglucoside-5-glucosides, 37 flavonol glycosides, and 10 hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were detected for the first time in brassica vegetables. At least 50 of them are reported for the first time in any plant materials. C1 [Lin, Long-Ze; Sun, Jianghao; Chen, Pei; Harnly, James] ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lin, LZ (reprint author), ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Bldg 161,BARC East,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Longze.lin@are.usda.gov RI Sun, Jianghao/A-6134-2010 FU Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture FX This research is supported by the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and an Interagency Agreement with the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health. NR 44 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 23 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 22 BP 12059 EP 12072 DI 10.1021/jf202556p PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 847SM UT WOS:000296992800022 PM 21970730 ER PT J AU Connolly, BA O'Connell, DP LeBlanc, DF Kuang, YL Schaefer, EJ Lamon-Fava, S Benedict, CR Kiritsy, CP Bachovchin, WW AF Connolly, Beth A. O'Connell, Daniel P. LeBlanc, Daniel F. Kuang, Yu-Lin Schaefer, Ernst J. Lamon-Fava, Stefania Benedict, Claude R. Kiritsy, Christopher P. Bachovchin, William W. TI ARI-3037MO, a Novel Niacin Analog, Significantly Improves Plasma Lipid Levels in the Hyperlipidemic Golden Syrian Hamster SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Lipids; Lipoproteins; Hyperlipidemia; HDL C1 [Kuang, Yu-Lin; Schaefer, Ernst J.; Lamon-Fava, Stefania] Tufts Univ, HNRC, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [O'Connell, Daniel P.] Arisaph Pharmaceut, Cardiovasc, Boston, MA USA. [Benedict, Claude R.] Arisaph Pharmaceut, Drug Dev, Boston, MA USA. [Kiritsy, Christopher P.] Arisaph Pharmaceut, CEO, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 22 PY 2011 VL 124 IS 21 SU S MA A18285 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 884WE UT WOS:000299738709135 ER PT J AU Ooi, EM Ng, TW Watts, GF Chan, DC Barrett, PHR AF Ooi, Esther M. Ng, Theodore W. Watts, Gerald F. Chan, Dick C. Barrett, P. Hugh R. TI Atorvastatin and Fenofibrate Enhance Very Low-Density Lipoprotein Apolipoprotein E Catabolism in Men with the Metabolic Syndrome SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Metabolic syndrome; Statins; Fenofibrate; Lipoproteins; Metabolism C1 [Ooi, Esther M.] Tufts Univ, HNRCA, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ng, Theodore W.] Baker IDI Heart & Diabet Inst, Metab Lab, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Watts, Gerald F.; Chan, Dick C.] Univ Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Barrett, P. Hugh R.] Univ Western Australia, Crawley, Australia. RI Barrett, Hugh/B-2745-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 22 PY 2011 VL 124 IS 21 SU S MA A10106 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 884WE UT WOS:000299738702233 ER PT J AU Ahmad, M Razzaq, A Ashraf, M Qayyum, A Jenks, MA AF Ahmad, Muhammad Razzaq, Abdur Ashraf, Muhammad Qayyum, Abdul Jenks, Mathew A. TI Response of spring type wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars to different chilling treatments SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chilling treatment; cultivars; vernalization days (VDs) ID VERNALIZATION RESPONSE; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH AB Late sowing of wheat in autumn due to environmental conditions or late harvesting of cotton crop results in substantial yield loss. It may be attributed to non-fulfillment of chilling requirements. The present study was conducted to identify the chilling requirement of autumn sown cultivars of wheat. Effect of chilling treatment (measured in vernalization days (VDs)) on seven wheat cultivars (five Pakistani and two American) was observed by exposing the seedlings to 6 degrees C for 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days that is 6.72, 13.44, 20.16, 26.86 and 33.60 VDs. Seedlings which acted as control were not subjected to chilling treatment. All spring type wheat cultivars headed irrespective of their chilling treatment but increase in VDs, enhanced days to heading. Winter type wheat "Caldwell" did not show heading which indicated its high VDs requirement. Chilling treatment also affected grain yield of all cultivars. Sehar-06 and Marquillo demonstrated highest yields at 6.72 VDs while GA-02, Inqilab-91, Chakwal-50 and Freed-06 manifested highest yields at 13.44 VDs. The results of the experiment revealed that heading time and grain yield of all spring type wheat cultivars is affected by chilling treatments. Depending upon the response of the cultivars and available VDs calculated from temperature data of last 20 years. It is suggested that GA-02, Inqilab-91, Chakwal-50 and Fareed-06 must be sown in mid December while Sehar-06 can be sown in the start of January to meet their chilling requirement under field conditions without substantial yield reduction. C1 [Ahmad, Muhammad; Razzaq, Abdur; Ashraf, Muhammad; Qayyum, Abdul] Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agr Univ Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan. [Jenks, Mathew A.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Ahmad, M (reprint author), Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agr Univ Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan. EM dauooddgk@hotmail.com NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC JOURNALS PI VICTORIA ISLAND PA P O BOX 5170-00200 NAIROBI, VICTORIA ISLAND, LAGOS 73023, NIGERIA SN 1684-5315 J9 AFR J BIOTECHNOL JI Afr. J. Biotechnol. PD NOV 21 PY 2011 VL 10 IS 73 BP 16541 EP 16547 DI 10.5897/AJB11.2331 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 868XB UT WOS:000298558500020 ER PT J AU Lee, X Goulden, ML Hollinger, DY Barr, A Black, TA Bohrer, G Bracho, R Drake, B Goldstein, A Gu, LH Katul, G Kolb, T Law, BE Margolis, H Meyers, T Monson, R Munger, W Oren, R Kyaw, TPU Richardson, AD Schmid, HP Staebler, R Wofsy, S Zhao, L AF Lee, Xuhui Goulden, Michael L. Hollinger, David Y. Barr, Alan Black, T. Andrew Bohrer, Gil Bracho, Rosvel Drake, Bert Goldstein, Allen Gu, Lianhong Katul, Gabriel Kolb, Thomas Law, Beverly E. Margolis, Hank Meyers, Tilden Monson, Russell Munger, William Oren, Ram Kyaw Tha Paw U Richardson, Andrew D. Schmid, Hans Peter Staebler, Ralf Wofsy, Steven Zhao, Lei TI Observed increase in local cooling effect of deforestation at higher latitudes SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SCALE DEFORESTATION; GLOBAL CLIMATE; BOREAL FOREST; LAND-USE; VEGETATION; ENERGY; EXCHANGE; ALBEDO; WATER AB Deforestation in mid-to high latitudes is hypothesized to have the potential to cool the Earth's surface by altering biophysical processes(1-3). In climate models of continental-scale land clearing, the cooling is triggered by increases in surface albedo and is reinforced by a land albedo-sea ice feedback(4,5). This feedback is crucial in the model predictions; without it other biophysical processes may overwhelm the albedo effect to generate warming instead(5). Ongoing land-use activities, such as land management for climate mitigation, are occurring at local scales (hectares) presumably too small to generate the feedback, and it is not known whether the intrinsic biophysical mechanism on its own can change the surface temperature in a consistent manner(6,7). Nor has the effect of deforestation on climate been demonstrated over large areas from direct observations. Here we show that surface air temperature is lower in open land than in nearby forested land. The effect is 0.85 +/- 0.44 K (mean +/- one standard deviation) northwards of 45 degrees N and 0.21 +/- 0.53 K southwards. Below 35 degrees N there is weak evidence that deforestation leads to warming. Results are based on comparisons of temperature at forested eddy covariance towers in the USA and Canada and, as a proxy for small areas of cleared land, nearby surface weather stations. Night-time temperature changes unrelated to changes in surface albedo are an important contributor to the overall cooling effect. The observed latitudinal dependence is consistent with theoretical expectation of changes in energy loss from convection and radiation across latitudes in both the daytime and night-time phase of the diurnal cycle, the latter of which remains uncertain in climate models(8). C1 [Lee, Xuhui; Zhao, Lei] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Goulden, Michael L.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Hollinger, David Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Barr, Alan] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. [Black, T. Andrew] Univ British Columbia, Fac Land & Food Syst, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Bohrer, Gil] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bracho, Rosvel] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Drake, Bert] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Goldstein, Allen] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gu, Lianhong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Katul, Gabriel; Oren, Ram] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Kolb, Thomas] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Law, Beverly E.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Margolis, Hank] Univ Laval, Fac Foresterie Geog & Geomat, Ctr Etud Foret, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Meyers, Tilden] NOAA ARL ATDD, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Monson, Russell] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Munger, William; Wofsy, Steven] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kyaw Tha Paw U] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Richardson, Andrew D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Schmid, Hans Peter] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Staebler, Ralf] Environm Canada, Proc Res Sect, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. RP Lee, X (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM xuhui.lee@yale.edu RI Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Schmid, Hans Peter/I-1224-2012; Bohrer, Gil/A-9731-2008; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Barr, Alan/H-9939-2014; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014; Law, Beverly/G-3882-2010; OI Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Schmid, Hans Peter/0000-0001-9076-4466; Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203; Bohrer, Gil/0000-0002-9209-9540 FU US Department of Energy; Yale University Climate and Energy Institute FX The data collection and analysis were supported in part by grants from the US Department of Energy and by a Yale University Climate and Energy Institute grant. We thank D. Fitzjarrald and R. Sakai for providing the data for the KM77 tropical site and C. von Randow for providing the friction velocity data for FLUXNET cluster e. NR 29 TC 107 Z9 115 U1 18 U2 116 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 17 PY 2011 VL 479 IS 7373 BP 384 EP 387 DI 10.1038/nature10588 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 848OA UT WOS:000297059700042 PM 22094699 ER PT J AU Manoukis, NC Baber, I Diallo, M Sogoba, N Ribeiro, JMC AF Manoukis, Nicholas C. Baber, Ibrahima Diallo, Moussa Sogoba, Nafomon Ribeiro, Jose M. C. TI Seasonal Climate Effects Anemotaxis in Newly Emerged Adult Anopheles gambiae Giles in Mali, West Africa SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MALARIA TRANSMISSION; MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; CARBON-DIOXIDE; FLIGHT; WIND; ORIENTATION; CULICIDAE; BEHAVIOR; VILLAGE; ABSENCE AB The direction and magnitude of movement by the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae Giles has been of great interest to medical entomologists for over 70 years. This direction of movement is likely to be affected by many factors, from environmental conditions and stage of life history of the mosquito to the existence of attractants in the vicinity. We report here the direction of movement of newly emerged An. gambiae in nature, around the village of Doneguebougou, Mali. We assessed the direction of movement for individual mosquitoes by placing them in a novel enclosure with exit traps oriented in the direction of the cardinal and intermediate points of the compass. We consistently found predominantly Southward directions of movement during 2009 and 2010, with an additional Eastward component during the dry season and a Westward one during the wet season. Our data indicate that wind has an important effect on the direction of movement, but that this effect varied by season: Average directions of movement were downwind during the dry season and upwind during the wet season. A switch in anemotactic response suggests that the direction of movement of An. gambiae relative to the wind immediately after emergence under varying conditions of humidity should be further investigated under controlled conditions. C1 [Manoukis, Nicholas C.] ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Baber, Ibrahima; Diallo, Moussa; Sogoba, Nafomon] Univ Mali, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Fac Med Pharm & Odontostomatol, Bamako, Mali. [Ribeiro, Jose M. C.] NIAID, Sect Vector Biol, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Manoukis, NC (reprint author), ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM nicholas.manoukis@ars.usda.gov RI Ribeiro, Jose/J-7011-2015; OI Manoukis, Nicholas/0000-0001-5062-7256; Ribeiro, Jose/0000-0002-9107-0818 FU NIAID/NIH FX This work was supported by the intramural program of the NIAID/NIH. These funds paid for fuel, materials and lodging. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 16 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 11 AR e26910 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0026910 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 855HV UT WOS:000297555400016 PM 22114663 ER PT J AU Pridgeon, JW Aksoy, M Klesius, PH Li, YH Mu, XJ Srivastava, K Reddy, G AF Pridgeon, Julia W. Aksoy, Mediha Klesius, Phillip H. Li, Yuehong Mu, Xingjiang Srivastava, Kunwar Reddy, Gopal TI Identification and expression profiles of multiple genes in Nile tilapia in response to bacterial infections SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Oreochromis niloticus; Subtractive hybridization; Upregulation; Aeromonas hydrophila; Streptococcus iniae ID AEROMONAS-HYDROPHILA; EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI; FLAVOBACTERIUM-COLUMNARE; VIRULENCE; PATHWAY; ACTIVATION; GOLDFISH; CELLS AB To understand the molecular mechanisms involved in response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to bacterial infection, suppression subtractive cDNA hybridization technique was used to identify upregulated genes in the posterior kidney of Nile tilapia at 6h post infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. A total of 31 unique expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified from 192 clones of the subtractive cDNA library. Quantitative PCR revealed that nine of the 31 ESTs were significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated in Nile tilapia at 6 h post infection with A. hydrophila at an injection dose of 10(5) CFU per fish (similar to 20% mortality). Of the nine upregulated genes, four were also significantly (p < 0.05) induced in Nile tilapia at 6 h post infection with A. hydrophila at an injection dose of 10(6) CFU per fish (similar to 60% mortality). Of the four genes induced by A. hydrophila at both injection doses, three were also significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated in Nile tilapia at 6h post infection with Streptococcus iniae at doses of 10(6) and at 10(5) CFU per fish (similar to 70% and similar to 30% mortality, respectively). The three genes induced by both bacteria included EST 2A05 (similar to adenylate kinase domain containing protein 1), EST 2G11 (unknown protein, shared similarity with Salmo solar IgH locus B genomic sequence with e value of 0.02), and EST 2H04 (unknown protein). Significant upregulation of these genes in Nile tilapia following bacterial infections suggested that they might play important roles in host response to infections of A. hydrophila and S. iniae. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pridgeon, Julia W.; Klesius, Phillip H.; Li, Yuehong; Mu, Xingjiang] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Aksoy, Mediha; Srivastava, Kunwar; Reddy, Gopal] Tuskegee Univ, Coll Vet Med Nursing & Allied Hlth, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. RP Pridgeon, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM julia.pridgeon@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/ARS CRIS [6420-32000-024-00D] FX We thank Drs. Hung-Yueh Yeh (USDA-ARS) and Victor Panangala (USDA collaborator) for critical reviews of the manuscript. We thank Dr. Brian Scheffler and Fanny Liu (USDA-ARS-Catfish Genetics Research Unit) for their excellent sequencing work. We thank Beth Peterman (USDA-ARS) for her excellent technical support. We also thank the management team of the Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit for daily care and management of the fish. This study was supported by the USDA/ARS CRIS project #6420-32000-024-00D. The use of trade, firm, or corporate names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD NOV 15 PY 2011 VL 144 IS 1-2 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.07.018 PG 9 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 853RI UT WOS:000297443000014 PM 21840065 ER PT J AU Pasnik, DJ Evans, JJ Klesius, PH AF Pasnik, David J. Evans, Joyce J. Klesius, Phillip H. TI Specific serum antibody responses in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) provide limited protection against Streptococcus ictaluri challenge SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antibody; Ictalurus punctatus; Passive immunization; Streptococcus ictaluri; Catfish ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS WALBAUM; PASSIVE-IMMUNIZATION; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROODSTOCK; INFECTION; EFFICACY; VACCINE AB Passive immunization studies were conducted to determine the role of specific antibodies in immunity to Streptococcus ictaluri. Adult channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were injected i.p. with tryptic soy broth as control or with 1.5 x 10(7) colony-forming units (cfu) S. ictaluri/fish at 0, 30, and 60d, and serum was collected 90d after the original challenge. Fish were passively immunized by i.p. injection with serum from the tryptic soy broth (TSB) control group, anti-S. ictaluri serum from fish immunized three times and sampled at 90d (SSI), or heat-inactivated anti-S. ictaluri serum from fish immunized three times and sampled at 90d (HISSI). These passively immunized fish were then challenged 72h later with 1.5 x 10(8) cfu S. ictaluri/fish. Over 21 d, the mean cumulative percent survival was 43.3 (TSB), 63.3 (SSI), and 50.0 (HISSI). A significant difference in cumulative percent survival was noted between the TSB and the HISSI groups, and significant differences were noted between these groups and the SSI group. Serum obtained from immunized fish 72 h after passive immunization exhibited increased anti-S. ictaluri antibody levels. Twenty-one days after the challenge, the HISS! and SSI group antibody levels significantly increased above their corresponding pre-challenge levels. No significant (r(2) = 0.0806; P < 0.5985) correlation between increased pre-challenge specific serum antibody levels and survival after challenge was demonstrated when analyzing the control and passive immunization groups. The results indicate that both specific anti-S. ictaluri antibodies and non-specific immune responses are important for protection against S. ictaluri. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pasnik, David J.; Evans, Joyce J.] USDA ARS, AAHRL, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. [Klesius, Phillip H.] USDA ARS, AAHRL, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Pasnik, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, AAHRL, 118 B Lynchburg St, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. EM david.pasnik@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD NOV 15 PY 2011 VL 144 IS 1-2 BP 144 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.11.015 PG 3 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 853RI UT WOS:000297443000018 PM 21962634 ER PT J AU Markowski-Lindsay, M Stevens, T Kittredge, DB Butler, BJ Catanzaro, P Dickinson, BJ AF Markowski-Lindsay, Marla Stevens, Thomas Kittredge, David B. Butler, Brett J. Catanzaro, Paul Dickinson, Brenton J. TI Barriers to Massachusetts forest landowner participation in carbon markets SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Family forest; Carbon sequestration; Ordered probit ID PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY; FINANCIAL INCENTIVE PROGRAMS; MITIGATING CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECONOMIC INCENTIVES; SEQUESTERING CARBON; PRIVATE FORESTS; LAND-USE; MANAGEMENT; OWNERS; SINKS AB U.S. forests, including family-owned forests, are important carbon sinks and sources for carbon sequestration. Family forest owners constitute a significant portion of the overall forestland in the U.S., but little is known about their preferences for participating in carbon sequestration programs. The goal of this research is to understand what motivates Massachusetts family forest owners to participate in carbon markets. The study estimates the probability these landowners would engage in carbon sequestration programs using data from a survey of 930 Massachusetts family forest owners. Results from a random effects ordered probit indicate that under a carbon scenario similar to the current voluntary scheme, very few of these landowners would be interested in participating. Supply analysis indicates these landowners are more influenced to participate by factors other than price. Regression analysis results suggest that survey respondents are concerned about early withdrawal penalties, additionality requirements, and contract length. Forest owner harvesting plans, opinions about forest usage, and beliefs about climate change all play a significant role in the decision to participate. The study suggests that policy makers should consider the reasons behind these low participation rates, because private forest owners could play a pivotal role in the carbon sequestration potential of forests. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Markowski-Lindsay, Marla; Kittredge, David B.; Catanzaro, Paul] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Stevens, Thomas; Dickinson, Brenton J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Resource Econ, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Butler, Brett J.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Family Forest Res Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Markowski-Lindsay, M (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM marla@eco.umass.edu; tstevens@isenberg.umass.edu; dbk@eco.umass.edu; bbutler01@fs.fed.us; cat@umext.umass.edu; bdickinson@som.umass.edu FU National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U. S. Department of Agriculture; Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station; Department of Environmental Conservation [MAS009583] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U. S. Department of Agriculture, the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station and the Department of Environmental Conservation, under Project No. MAS009583. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station and the Department of Environmental Conservation assisted in the study design; data collection, analysis, and interpretation; report writing and decision to submit for publication. NR 54 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD NOV 15 PY 2011 VL 71 BP 180 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.08.027 PG 11 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 852ZT UT WOS:000297396700019 ER PT J AU Blonquist, JM Montzka, SA Munger, JW Yakir, D Desai, AR Dragoni, D Griffis, TJ Monson, RK Scott, RL Bowling, DR AF Blonquist, J. M., Jr. Montzka, S. A. Munger, J. W. Yakir, D. Desai, A. R. Dragoni, D. Griffis, T. J. Monson, R. K. Scott, R. L. Bowling, D. R. TI The potential of carbonyl sulfide as a proxy for gross primary production at flux tower sites SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; SUB-ALPINE FOREST; TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST; LOBLOLLY-PINE FOREST; EDDY COVARIANCE; DIMETHYL SULFIDE; SULFUR-COMPOUNDS; NITROGEN-OXIDES; GRADIENT RELATIONSHIPS; HIGH-ELEVATION AB Seasonal dynamics of atmospheric carbonyl sulfide (OCS) at regional and continental scales and plant OCS exchange at the leaf level have shown a close relationship with those for CO(2). CO(2) has both sinks and sources within terrestrial ecosystems, but the primary terrestrial exchange for OCS is thought to be leaf uptake, suggesting potential for OCS uptake as a proxy for gross primary production (GPP). We explored the utility of OCS uptake as a GPP proxy in micrometeorological studies of biosphere-atmosphere CO(2) exchange by applying theoretical concepts from earlier OCS studies to estimate GPP. We partitioned measured net ecosystem exchange (NEE) using the ratio of measured vertical mole fraction gradients of OCS and CO(2). At the Harvard Forest AmeriFlux site, measured CO(2) and OCS vertical gradients were correlated and were related to NEE and GPP, respectively. Estimates of GPP from OCS-based NEE partitioning were similar to those from established environmental regression techniques, providing evidence that OCS uptake can potentially serve as a GPP proxy. Measured vertical CO(2) mole fraction gradients at five other AmeriFlux sites were used to project anticipated vertical OCS mole fraction gradients to provide indication of potential OCS signal magnitudes at sites where no OCS measurements were made. Projected OCS gradients at sites with short canopies were greater than those in forests, including measured OCS gradients at Harvard Forest, indicating greater potential for OCS uptake as a GPP proxy at these sites. This exploratory study suggests that continued investigation of linkages between OCS and GPP is warranted. C1 [Blonquist, J. M., Jr.; Bowling, D. R.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Montzka, S. A.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Munger, J. W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Yakir, D.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci & Energy Res, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Desai, A. R.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Dragoni, D.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Griffis, T. J.] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Monson, R. K.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Scott, R. L.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Blonquist, JM (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM mark.blonquist@utah.edu RI Griffis, Timothy/A-5707-2011; Yakir, Dan/K-1500-2012; Desai, Ankur/A-5899-2008; Munger, J/H-4502-2013; OI Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0005236, DE-FG02-07ER64358, DE-FG02-06ER64316]; National Science Foundation Division of Graduate Education [DGE08-41233]; University of Utah; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Program Office; Northeastern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climate Change Research [3452-HU-DOE-4157]; Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, through the Midwestern Center of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change (NIGEC) [DE-FC03-90ER61010]; BER [DE-FG02-07ER64371]; USDA Northern Research Station [09-JV-11242306-105]; Wisconsin Focus on Energy; Western Section of the National Institute for Climate Change Research (NICCR); Office of Biological Research at the Department of Energy; National Science Foundation [ATM-0546476]; USDA-ARS FX Thanks to Elaine Gottlieb for help in collecting the within-canopy OCS samples at Harvard Forest; John Baker, Sean Burns, Ken Davis, and Hans-Peter Schmid for sharing AmeriFlux data; John Miller for thoughtful ideas and discussion; Tom Boden and the CDIAC staff for maintaining the AmeriFlux data archive; Markus Reichstein for maintaining the flux data gap-filling and flux-partitioning website; and Ryan Campbell for reviewing an early version of the paper. This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, grant DE-SC0005236. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the DOE. Mark Blonquist gratefully acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation Division of Graduate Education, grant DGE08-41233, and the University of Utah. OCS measurements were supported in part by the Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Program Office. Observations at Harvard Forest were supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, grant DE-FG02-07ER64358, and through the Northeastern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climate Change Research (3452-HU-DOE-4157). Observations at Morgan Monroe State Forest were supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, through the Midwestern Center of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change (NIGEC), grant DE-FC03-90ER61010, and from BER, grant DE-FG02-07ER64371. Observations at Willow Creek were supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, through the Midwestern Regional Center of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change, under Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC03-90ER61010, and USDA Northern Research Station Joint Venture, agreement 09-JV-11242306-105, and the Wisconsin Focus on Energy. Observations at Niwot Ridge were supported by the Western Section of the National Institute for Climate Change Research (NICCR), which was supported by the Office of Biological Research at the Department of Energy, and the Long-Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) Program at the National Science Foundation. Observations at Kendall Grassland were supported by USDA-ARS. Observations at Rosemount were supported by the National Science Foundation, grant ATM-0546476, and the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, grant DE-FG02-06ER64316. NR 76 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD NOV 15 PY 2011 VL 116 AR G04019 DI 10.1029/2011JG001723 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 851IA UT WOS:000297260500002 ER PT J AU Wang, DJ Paradelo, M Bradford, SA Peijnenburg, WJGM Chu, LY Zhou, DM AF Wang, Dengjun Paradelo, Marcos Bradford, Scott A. Peijnenburg, Willie J. G. M. Chu, Lingyang Zhou, Dongmei TI Facilitated transport of Cu with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in saturated sand: Effects of solution ionic strength and composition SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAP); Cu; nHAP-facilitated Cu (nHAP-F Cu); Co-transport; Ionic strength (IS); Ionic composition (IC) ID SECONDARY ENERGY MINIMUM; SURFACE-CHARGE HETEROGENEITIES; FULLERENE C-60 NANOPARTICLES; COLLOID FILTRATION THEORY; POROUS-MEDIA; SOLUTION CHEMISTRY; HUMIC-ACID; DEPOSITION; CONTAMINANTS; KINETICS AB Column experiments were conducted to investigate the facilitated transport of Cu in association with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAP) in water-saturated quartz sand at different solution concentrations of NaCl (0-100 mM) or CaCl(2) (0.1-1.0 mM). The experimental breakthrough curves and retention profiles of nHAP were well described using a mathematical model that accounted for two kinetic retention sites. The retention coefficients for both sites increased with the ionic strength (IS) of a particular salt. However, the amount of nHAP retention was more sensitive to increases in the concentration of divalent Ca(2+) than monovalent Na(+). The effluent concentration of Cu that was associated with nHAP decreased significantly from 2.62 to 0.17 mg L(-1) when NaCl increased from 0 to 100 mM, and from 1.58 to 0.16 mg L(-1) when CaCl(2) increased from 0.1 to 1.0 mM. These trends were due to enhanced retention of nHAP with changes in IS and ionic composition (IC) due to compression of the double layer thickness and reduction of the magnitude of the zeta potentials. Results indicate that the IS and IC had a strong influence on the cotransport behavior of contaminants with nHAP nanoparticles. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Dengjun; Chu, Lingyang; Zhou, Dongmei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, Key Lab Soil Environm & Pollut Remediat, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Paradelo, Marcos] Univ Vigo, Dept Plant Biol & Soil Sci, Soil Sci Grp, Fac Sci, E-32004 Orense, Spain. [Bradford, Scott A.] ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Peijnenburg, Willie J. G. M.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Lab Ecol Risk Assessment, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Peijnenburg, Willie J. G. M.] Leiden Univ, Inst Environm Sci CML, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Chu, Lingyang] Anhui Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Hefei 230036, Peoples R China. [Wang, Dengjun] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. RP Zhou, DM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, Key Lab Soil Environm & Pollut Remediat, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. EM dmzhou@issas.ac.cn RI Paradelo, Marcos/J-7077-2015; Paradelo, Marcos/C-8018-2012; Wang, Dengjun/H-3171-2012; Peijnenburg, Willie/M-4110-2013 OI Paradelo, Marcos/0000-0002-2768-0136; peijnenburg, willie/0000-0003-2958-9149; FU National Basic Research and Development Program [2007CB936604]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-Q02-02]; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture [Y052010027] FX The authors grateful acknowledge the support of the National Basic Research and Development Program (2007CB936604), the Knowledge Innovative project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-Q02-02) and the open fund of the State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture (Y052010027). M. Paradelo is granted by the FPU program from the Spanish Ministry of Education. We are grateful to the critical review of Dr. J. Eugenio Lopez (University of Vigo) that led to revision and substantial improvement of this manuscript. NR 54 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 6 U2 59 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD NOV 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 18 BP 5905 EP 5915 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2011.08.041 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 845MG UT WOS:000296826200009 PM 21962457 ER PT J AU Piesik, D Wenda-Piesik, A Kotwica, K Lyszczarz, A Delaney, KJ AF Piesik, Dariusz Wenda-Piesik, Anna Kotwica, Karol Lyszczarz, Alicja Delaney, Kevin J. TI Gastrophysa polygoni herbivory on Rumex confertus: Single leaf VOC induction and dose dependent herbivore attraction/repellence to individual compounds SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Gastrophysa polygoni; Dock leaf beetles; Mossy sorrel; Odors ID VOLATILE EMISSIONS; PLANT VOLATILES; MAIZE; INFECTION AB We report large induction (>65(fold) increases) of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from a single leaf of the invasive weed mossy sorrel, Rumex confertus Willd. (Polygonaceae), by herbivory of the dock leaf beetle, Gastrophysa polygoni L (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The R. confertus VOC blend induced by G. polygon' herbivory included two green leaf volatiles ((Z)-3-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate) and three terpenes (linalool, beta-caryophyllene, (E)-beta-farnesene). Uninjured leaves produced small constitutive amounts of the GLVs and barely detectable amounts of the terpenes. A Y-tube olfactometer bioassay revealed that both sexes of adult G. polygon' were attracted to (Z)-3-hexenal and (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate at a concentration of 300 ng h(-1). No significant G. polygon' attraction or repellence was detected for any VOC at other concentrations (60 and 1500 ng h(-1)). Yet. G. polygon' males and females were significantly repelled by (or avoided) at the highest test concentration (7500 ng h(-1)) of both GLVs and (E)-beta-farnesene. Mated male and female G. polygon' might be attracted to injured R. confertus leaves, but might avoid R. confertus when VOC concentrations (especially the terpene (E)-beta-farnesene) suggest high overall plant injury from conspecifics. G. viridula, or high infestations of other herbivores that release (E)-beta-farnesene (e.g., aphids). Tests in the future will need to examine G. polygon' responses to VOCs emitted directly from uninjured (constitutive) and injured (induced) R. confertus, and examine whether R. confertus VOC induction concentrations increase with greater tissue removal on a single leaf and/or the number of leaves with feeding injury. (C) 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Piesik, Dariusz; Lyszczarz, Alicja] Univ Technol & Life Sci, Dept Appl Entomol, PL-85225 Bydgoszcz, Poland. [Wenda-Piesik, Anna; Kotwica, Karol] Univ Technol & Life Sci, Dept Plant Growth Principles & Expt Methodol, PL-85225 Bydgoszcz, Poland. [Delaney, Kevin J.] USDA ARS NPARL, Pest Management Res Unit, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Piesik, D (reprint author), Univ Technol & Life Sci, Dept Appl Entomol, 20 Kordeckiego St, PL-85225 Bydgoszcz, Poland. EM piesik@utp.edu.pl NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD NOV 15 PY 2011 VL 168 IS 17 BP 2134 EP 2138 DI 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.06.012 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 850EX UT WOS:000297179000018 PM 21824679 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZC Belcram, H Gornicki, P Charles, M Just, J Huneau, C Magdelenat, G Couloux, A Samain, S Gill, BS Rasmussen, JB Barbe, V Faris, JD Chalhoub, B AF Zhang, Zengcui Belcram, Harry Gornicki, Piotr Charles, Mathieu Just, Jeremy Huneau, Cecile Magdelenat, Ghislaine Couloux, Arnaud Samain, Sylvie Gill, Bikram S. Rasmussen, Jack B. Barbe, Valerie Faris, Justin D. Chalhoub, Boulos TI Duplication and partitioning in evolution and function of homoeologous Q loci governing domestication characters in polyploid wheat SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE fate of duplicated genes; hyperfunctionilization; subfunctionilization ID HEXAPLOID WHEAT; GENE-Q; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; A-GENOME; B GENOME; EXPRESSION; PLANT; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; REARRANGEMENTS AB The Q gene encodes an AP2-like transcription factor that played an important role in domestication of polyploid wheat. The chromosome 5A Q alleles (5AQ and 5Aq) have been well studied, but much less is known about the q alleles on wheat homoeologous chromosomes 5B (5Bq) and 5D (5Dq). We investigated the organization, evolution, and function of the Q/q homoeoalleles in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Q/q gene sequences are highly conserved within and among the A, B, and D genomes of hexaploid wheat, the A and B genomes of tetraploid wheat, and the A, S, and D genomes of the diploid progenitors, but the intergenic regions of the Q/q locus are highly divergent among homoeologous genomes. Duplication of the q gene 5.8 Mya was likely followed by selective loss of one of the copies from the A genome progenitor and the other copy from the B, D, and S genomes. A recent V(329)-to-I mutation in the A lineage is correlated with the Q phenotype. The 5Bq homoeoalleles became a pseudogene after allotetraploidization. Expression analysis indicated that the homoeoalleles are coregulated in a complex manner. Combined phenotypic and expression analysis indicated that, whereas 5AQ plays a major role in conferring domestication-related traits, 5Dq contributes directly and 5Bq indirectly to suppression of the speltoid phenotype. The evolution of the Q/q loci in polyploid wheat resulted in the hyperfunctionalization of 5AQ, pseudogenization of 5Bq, and subfunctionalization of 5Dq, all contributing to the domestication traits. C1 [Faris, Justin D.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Gill, Bikram S.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wheat Genet & Genom Resources Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Magdelenat, Ghislaine; Couloux, Arnaud; Samain, Sylvie; Barbe, Valerie] Commissariat Energie Atom, Inst Genom GENOSCOPE, F-91057 Evry, France. [Belcram, Harry; Charles, Mathieu; Just, Jeremy; Huneau, Cecile; Chalhoub, Boulos] Univ Evry Val dEssone, Ctr Natl Rech Sci 8114, Unite Rech Genom Vegetale, Unite Mixte Rech,Inst Natl Rech Agron 1165, F-91057 Evry, France. [Zhang, Zengcui; Rasmussen, Jack B.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Gornicki, Piotr] Univ Chicago, Dept Mol Genet & Cell Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Faris, JD (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM justin.faris@ars.usda.gov; chalhoub@evry.inra.fr FU US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service [5442-22000-033-00D]; National Center for Sequencing (Centre National de Sequencage-Genoscope); Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-05-BDIV-015]; [ANR-05-Blanc] FX We thank Joseph Jahier (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique) and Moshe Feldman (Weizmann Institute of Science) for valuable discussions and for providing some of the wheat samples. This project was supported by US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Current Research Information Systems Project 5442-22000-033-00D and the National Center for Sequencing (Centre National de Sequencage-Genoscope)/APCNS2003 Project: Triticum Species Comparative Genome Sequencing in Wheat. PCR-based tracing of retrotransposon insertions was funded by the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR) Biodiversitee Project (ANR-05-BDIV-015) and the ANR-05-Blanc Project impact of transposable elements on gene regulation. NR 38 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 27 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 15 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 46 BP 18737 EP 18742 DI 10.1073/pnas.1110552108 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 847XQ UT WOS:000297008900042 PM 22042872 ER PT J AU Meimaridou, A Kalachova, K Shelver, WL Franek, M Pulkrabova, J Haasnoot, W Nielen, MWF AF Meimaridou, Anastasia Kalachova, Kamila Shelver, Weilin L. Franek, Milan Pulkrabova, Jana Haasnoot, Willem Nielen, Michel W. F. TI Multiplex Screening of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Fish Using Spectrally Encoded Microspheres SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; DIOXIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; MAGNETIC PARTICLE IMMUNOASSAY; HEALTH IMPLICATIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FOOD SAMPLES; CONTAMINATION; CONGENERS AB Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are environmental and food-related contaminants of global public health concern and known to be carcinogenic and endocrine disruptors. Their monitoring is essential, and an easy-to-use, rapid, and affordable multianalyte screening method with simplified sample preparation can be a valuable tool prior to instrumental analysis. For this purpose, a flow cytometric immunoassay (FCIA), based on a spectrally encoded microbeads technology, was developed for the multiplex detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) in buffer and fish extracts. The sensitivities of the assays in the three-plex FCIA format were similar to the individual FCIAs for the marker compounds benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB77), and 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE47) in buffer with IC50 values of 0.4, 20, and 2 mu g L-1, respectively. Apart from the three markers, we could detect at least 14 other POPs. Extracts of fish with different fat content, prepared with a simplified extraction and cleanup procedure, had an insignificant influence on the overall three-plex FCIA performance, with the exception of some impact on the PAHs. detection. The performance of the three-plex FCIA, in combination with the simple extraction procedure, is adequate for regulatory control in accordance with the required limits. C1 [Meimaridou, Anastasia; Haasnoot, Willem; Nielen, Michel W. F.] Wageningen Univ & Res Ctr, RIKILT Inst Food Safety, NL-6700 AE Wageningen, Netherlands. [Kalachova, Kamila; Pulkrabova, Jana] Prague Inst Chem Technol, Dept Food Chem & Anal, CR-16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic. [Shelver, Weilin L.] ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Franek, Milan] Vet Res Inst, Dept Biotechnol, CS-62132 Brno, Czech Republic. [Nielen, Michel W. F.] Wageningen Univ, Organ Chem Lab, NL-6703 HB Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Haasnoot, W (reprint author), Wageningen Univ & Res Ctr, RIKILT Inst Food Safety, POB 230, NL-6700 AE Wageningen, Netherlands. EM willem.haasnoot@wur.nl FU EU; European Commission [211326-CP]; Dutch Ministry of Economic affairs, Agriculture and Innovation FX This research is part of the EU project "Contaminants in food and feed: Inexpensive detection for control of exposure (acronym Conffidence)" and is financially supported by the European Commission (contract 211326-CP Collaborative Project) and the Dutch Ministry of Economic affairs, Agriculture and Innovation. We thank Professor Dietmar Knopp for providing us the antibodies and conjugates, Professor Jana Hjaslova for her creative input, Lucie Drabova for helping in the preparation of the fish extracts, and Dimitris Mintzas for the preliminary investigation of the single-plex FCIA. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 22 BP 8696 EP 8702 DI 10.1021/ac201969z PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 845NQ UT WOS:000296830200048 PM 21961972 ER PT J AU Freeman, JL Banuelos, GS AF Freeman, John L. Banuelos, Gary S. TI Selection of Salt and Boron Tolerant Selenium Hyperaccumulator Stanleya pinnata Genotypes and Characterization of Se Phytoremediation from Agricultural Drainage Sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD CONDITIONS; SELENOCYSTEINE METHYLTRANSFERASE; ASTRAGALUS-BISULCATUS; ACCUMULATING PLANTS; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; VOLATILIZATION; SOIL; SPECIATION; ELEMENT; SYSTEM AB Genetic variation in salt (Na(2)SO(4), NaCl) and boron (B) tolerance among four ecotypes of the selenium (Se) hyperaccumulator Stanleya pinnata (Pursh) Britton was utilized to select tolerant genotypes capable of phytoremediating Se from salt, B, and Se-laden agricultural drainage sediment. The few individual salt/B tolerant genotypes were successfully selected from among a large population of highly salt/B sensitive seedlings. The distribution, hyperaccumulation, and volatilization of Se were then examined in selected plants capable of tolerating the high salt/B laden drainage sediment. Salt/B tolerant genotypes from each of the four ecotypes had mean Se concentrations ranging from 2510 +/- 410 to 1740 +/- 620 in leaves and 3180 +/- 460 to 2500 +/- 1060 in seeds (mu g Se g(-1) DW +/- SD), while average daily Se volatilization rates ranged from 722 +/- 375 to 1182 +/- 575 (mu g Se m(-2) d(-1) +/- SD). After two growing seasons (similar to 18 months), we estimated that hyperaccumulation and volatilization of Se by tolerant S. pinnata genotypes and their associated microbes can remove approximately 30% of the total soil Se in 0-30 cm sediment. The salt/B tolerant S. pinnata genotypes selected and characterized herein represent promising new tools for the successful phytoremediation of Se from salt/B and Se-laden agricultural drainage sediments. C1 [Freeman, John L.; Banuelos, Gary S.] ARS, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Freeman, John L.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Biol, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Freeman, John L.; Banuelos, Gary S.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Ctr Irrigat Technol, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. RP Freeman, JL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM johnfreeman@csufresno.edu FU CSU Fresno Agricultural Research Initiative; California Department of Water Resources FX Thank you to Dr. Parker at U.C. Riverside, for Stanleya pinnata (CO4) seeds, and Dr. Pilon-Smits at Colorado State University for (PR) seeds, Cynthia Rodriguez ACS SEED intern and Frank Dale for drawing the TOC art. Funding for this work was provided by CSU Fresno Agricultural Research Initiative and the California Department of Water Resources. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 22 BP 9703 EP 9710 DI 10.1021/es201600f PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 844OI UT WOS:000296756500032 PM 21988205 ER PT J AU Schultz, NM Griffis, TJ Lee, XH Baker, JM AF Schultz, Natalie M. Griffis, Timothy J. Lee, Xuhui Baker, John M. TI Identification and correction of spectral contamination in H-2/H-1 and O-18/O-16 measured in leaf, stem, and soil water SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID RATIO INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EDDY COVARIANCE; PLANT; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; VAPOR; DISCREPANCIES; EVAPORATION AB Plant water extracts typically contain organic materials that may cause spectral interference when using isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy (IRIS), resulting in errors in the measured isotope ratios. Manufacturers of IRIS instruments have developed post-processing software to identify the degree of contamination in water samples, and potentially correct the isotope ratios of water with known contaminants. Here, the correction method proposed by an IRIS manufacturer, Los Gatos Research, Inc., was employed and the results were compared with those obtained from isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Deionized water was spiked with methanol and ethanol to create correction curves for delta O-18 and delta H-2. The contamination effects of different sample types (leaf, stem, soil) and different species from agricultural fields, grasslands, and forests were compared. The average corrections in leaf samples ranged from 0.35 to 15.73 parts per thousand for delta H-2 and 0.28 to 9.27 parts per thousand for delta O-18. The average corrections in stem samples ranged from 1.17 to 13.70 parts per thousand for delta H-2 and 0.47 to 7.97 parts per thousand for delta O-18. There was no contamination observed in soil water. Cleaning plant samples with activated charcoal had minimal effects on the degree of spectral contamination, reducing the corrections, by on average, 0.44 parts per thousand for delta H-2 and 0.25 parts per thousand for delta O-18. The correction method eliminated the discrepancies between IRMS and IRIS for delta O-18, and greatly reduced the discrepancies for delta H-2. The mean differences in isotope ratios between IRMS and the corrected IRIS method were 0.18 parts per thousand for delta O-18, and -3.39 parts per thousand for delta H-2. The inability to create an ethanol correction curve for delta H-2 probably caused the larger discrepancies. We conclude that ethanol and methanol are the primary compounds causing interference in IRIS analyzers, and that each individual analyzer will probably require customized correction curves. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Schultz, Natalie M.; Griffis, Timothy J.; Baker, John M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Lee, Xuhui] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Baker, John M.] ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN USA. RP Schultz, NM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM schul929@umn.edu RI Griffis, Timothy/A-5707-2011 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0546476, ATM-0914473, DEB-0514908]; Office of Science (BER) U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER64316]; College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, at the University of Minnesota FX We express our sincere thanks to Jeremy Smith for his technical assistance in the lab, Joel Fassbinder for his assistance in collecting plant and soil samples from the RROC, Donna M. Olsen for collecting plant samples from the MEF, and Kyounghee Kim for the collection and analysis of leaf water samples from the BFRS. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and criticisms that helped improve the quality of this paper. Funding for this research has been provided by the National Science Foundation, ATM-0546476 (TG), ATM-0914473 (XL), DEB-0514908 (XL and TG), the Office of Science (BER) U.S. Department of Energy, DE-FG02-06ER64316 (TG and JB) and the College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, at the University of Minnesota. NR 22 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV 15 PY 2011 VL 25 IS 21 BP 3360 EP 3368 DI 10.1002/rcm.5236 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 840GY UT WOS:000296428600021 PM 22006400 ER PT J AU Bunte, K Potyondy, JP Abt, SR Swingle, KW AF Bunte, Kristin Potyondy, John P. Abt, Steven R. Swingle, Kurt W. TI Discussion of Daniels and McCusker (2010): "Operator bias characterizing stream substrates using Wolman pebble counts with a standard measurement template." Geomorphology 115, 194-198 SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Pebble count; Bed material sampling; Operator bias; Gravel-bed rivers C1 [Bunte, Kristin; Abt, Steven R.] Colorado State Univ, Engn Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Potyondy, John P.] Forest Serv, Stream Syst Technol Ctr, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Bunte, K (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Engn Res Ctr, 1320 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kbunte@engr.colostate.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD NOV 15 PY 2011 VL 134 IS 3-4 BP 499 EP 500 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.09.020 PG 2 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 834XO UT WOS:000295998000027 ER PT J AU Chopping, M Schaaf, CB Zhao, F Wang, ZS Nolin, AW Moisen, GG Martonchik, JV Bull, M AF Chopping, Mark Schaaf, Crystal B. Zhao, Feng Wang, Zhuosen Nolin, Anne W. Moisen, Gretchen G. Martonchik, John V. Bull, Michael TI Forest structure and aboveground biomass in the southwestern United States from MODIS and MISR SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Earth Observing System; Forest; Structure; Biomass; Carbon; Disturbance; Multi-angle; BRDF; Modeling; Land cover; Moderate resolution ID REMOTE-SENSING DATA; ANGLE SPECTRAL DATA; REFLECTANCE MODEL; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; CANOPY; VEGETATION; SURFACE; COVER; INVARIANTS AB Red band bidirectional reflectance factor data from the NASA MODerate resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) acquired over the southwestern United States were interpreted through a simple geometric-optical (GO) canopy reflectance model to provide maps of fractional crown cover (dimensionless), mean canopy height (m), and aboveground woody biomass (Mg ha(-1)) on a 250 m grid. Model adjustment was performed after dynamic injection of a background contribution predicted via the kernel weights of a bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model. Accuracy was assessed with respect to similar maps obtained with data from the NASA Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) and to contemporaneous US Forest Service (USFS) maps based partly on Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data. MODIS and MISR retrievals of forest fractional cover and mean height both showed compatibility with the USFS maps, with MODIS mean absolute errors (MAE) of 0.09 and 8.4 m respectively, compared with MISR MAE of 0.10 and 2.2 m, respectively. The respective MAE for aboveground woody biomass was similar to 10 Mg ha(-1), the same as that from MISR, although the MODIS retrievals showed a much weaker correlation, noting that these statistics do not represent evaluation with respect to ground survey data. Good height retrieval accuracies with respect to averages from high resolution discrete return lidar data and matches between mean crown aspect ratio and mean crown radius maps and known vegetation type distributions both support the contention that the GO model results are not spurious when adjusted against MISR bidirectional reflectance factor data. These results highlight an alternative to empirical methods for the exploitation of moderate resolution remote sensing data in the mapping of woody plant canopies and assessment of woody biomass loss and recovery from disturbance in the southwestern United States and in parts of the world where similar environmental conditions prevail. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Chopping, Mark] Montclair State Univ, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. [Schaaf, Crystal B.; Zhao, Feng; Wang, Zhuosen] Boston Univ, Ctr Remote Sensing, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Nolin, Anne W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Moisen, Gretchen G.] Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. [Martonchik, John V.; Bull, Michael] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chopping, M (reprint author), Montclair State Univ, 1 Normal Ave, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. EM chopping@pegasus.montclair.edu RI Beckley, Matthew/D-4547-2013 FU NASA [NNX08AE71G] FX This research was supported by NASA Earth Observing System grant NNX08AE71G to MC (Technical Manager: Dr. Diane Wickland). The MISR and MODIS data were obtained from the NASA Langley Atmospheric Science Data Center and the NASA EOS Data Gateway, respectively. We thank Xiaohong Chopping, David Diner (MISR Scientist, NASA/JPL), Jock Blackard and Ron Tymcio (US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden, UT), Matt Smith and the Global Land Cover Facility (University of Maryland, College Park, MD), Barbara Nolen (Jornada Long Term Ecological Research), Joseph Youn and Michael Stoppay (Computer Operations for Research and Education, College of Science and Mathematics, Montclair State University), and the three anonymous reviewers. NR 63 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 11 SI SI BP 2943 EP 2953 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2010.08.031 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 828LB UT WOS:000295501400018 ER PT J AU Galiani, PD Martins, MA Goncalves, PD McMahan, CM Mattoso, LHC AF Galiani, Patrini Danielle Martins, Maria Alice Goncalves, Paulo de Souza McMahan, Colleen Marie Capparelli Mattoso, Luiz Henrique TI Seasonal and Clonal Variations in Technological and Thermal Properties of Raw Hevea Natural Rubber SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE crosslinking; rubber; thermal properties ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; ANGLE LIGHT-SCATTERING; BRASILIENSIS; PLASTICITY; STORAGE; INDEX; TREES; LATEX AB This study was undertaken over a 10-month period under environmental conditions within the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, to evaluate the causes of variation in the technological and thermal properties of raw natural rubber (NR) from different clones of Hevea brasiliensis (GT 1, PR 255, FX 3864, and RRIM 600). These clones were chosen to represent good clones available in Brazil. The technological properties of raw NR were evaluated in terms of their dry rubber content (DRC), Wallace plasticity, plasticity retention index (PRI), and Mooney viscosity. The thermal performance was evaluated with the thermogravimetry (TG)/differential thermogravimetry (DTG) technique. There were significant variations (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05) between clones and tappings for all technological properties, except for the percentage DRC among the clones. Of the clones studied, clone PR 255 presented the highest sensitivity to thermooxidation, as measured by its PRI value. The clone type and period of the year did not significantly influence the thermal behavior (TG/DTG under a nitrogen atmosphere) among the four clones evaluated. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 122: 2749-2755, 2011 C1 [Galiani, Patrini Danielle] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Macromol IMA, BR-21941598 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Martins, Maria Alice; Capparelli Mattoso, Luiz Henrique] Embrapa Agr Instrumentat CNPdia, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Goncalves, Paulo de Souza] Agron Inst IAC, BR-13020902 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [McMahan, Colleen Marie] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Galiani, PD (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Macromol IMA, Av Horacio Macedo 2-030,Bl J, BR-21941598 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM patrinigaliani@yahoo.com.br RI Mattoso, Luiz H C/D-2794-2016 OI Mattoso, Luiz H C/0000-0001-7586-1014 FU Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) FX Contract grant sponsors: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP). NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD NOV 15 PY 2011 VL 122 IS 4 BP 2749 EP 2755 DI 10.1002/app.34040 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 818RJ UT WOS:000294772400068 ER PT J AU Phillips, KM Ruggio, DM Haytowitz, DB AF Phillips, Katherine M. Ruggio, David M. Haytowitz, David B. TI Folate composition of 10 types of mushrooms determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Agaricus bisporus; Flammulina veluptipes; Lentinus edodes; Grifola frondosa; Pleurotus ostreatus; Cantharellus californicus; Cantharellus cibarius; Morchella; Folate; Folic acid; HPLC; Vitamin D; Ultraviolet light; UV-treatment; Portobello; Portabella; Fungus; Fungi; Formyl folates; Reference materials; Champignon; Brown mushrooms; Food composition; LC-MS ID ISOTOPE DILUTION ASSAYS; NUTRIENT ANALYSIS PROGRAM; MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY; TRIENZYME EXTRACTION; CARBON METABOLISM; NATIONAL FOOD; FOLIC-ACID; DISEASE; POLYMORPHISMS; VEGETABLES AB White button, crimini, shiitake, maitake. enoki, oyster, chanterelle, morel, portabella, and uv-treated portabella mushrooms were sampled from U.S. retail outlets and major producers. Folate [5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-CH3-H(4)folate), 10-formyl folate (10-HCO-folate), 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (5-HCO-H(4)folate)] was analysed using a validated LC-MS method in four composites of each product, including an in-house mushroom control composite and a reference material (BCR 485 Lyophilised Mixed Vegetables). Chanterelle and morel had the lowest total folate (2-6 mu g/100 g), oyster had the highest (mean, 44.2 mu g/100 g); other types contained 12.4 mu g/100 g (shiitake) to 29.8 mu g/100 g (vitamin D-enhanced portabella). Enoki and oyster had almost exclusively 5-CH3-H(4)folate. Morel and chanterelle contained predominately formyl folates. Other species had similar amounts of 5-CH3-H(4)folate and formyl folates. Enoki, oyster, and shiitake, unlike all others, had low to non-detectable 10-HCO-folate (<1 mu g/100 g). These precise data on the composition of folate vitamers in different types of mushrooms will facilitate assessment of the dietary contribution of naturally occurring folate. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Phillips, Katherine M.] Virginia Tech, Dept Biochem 0308, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Haytowitz, David B.] USDA ARS, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Phillips, KM (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Biochem 0308, 304 Engel Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM kmpvpi@vt.edu OI Phillips, Katherine/0000-0002-4586-8538 FU Mushroom Council [58-1235-9-165]; USDA Agricultural Research Service FX This work was supported by the Mushroom Council (Agreement No. 58-1235-9-165) and the USDA Agricultural Research Service as part of the National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program, conducted as part of a cooperative agreement between the USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory and Virginia Tech. The detailed work of Amy Rasor and Nancy Conley on coordination of sample preparation is greatly appreciated. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 EI 1873-7072 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2011 VL 129 IS 2 BP 630 EP 636 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.04.087 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 801ET UT WOS:000293421400059 ER PT J AU White, JW Kimball, BA Wall, GW Ottman, MJ Hunt, LA AF White, Jeffrey W. Kimball, Bruce A. Wall, Gerard W. Ottman, Michael J. Hunt, L. A. TI Responses of time of anthesis and maturity to sowing dates and infrared warming in spring wheat SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Global warming; Modeling; Phenology; Wheat; Infrared warming ID BASIC DEVELOPMENT RATE; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; LEAF APPEARANCE; WINTER-WHEAT; MODELS; PHOTOPERIOD; VARIETIES; DURATION; HEATER; SPIKE AB Reliable prediction of the potential impacts of global warming on agriculture requires accurate data on crop responses to elevated temperatures. Controlled environments can precisely regulate temperature but may impose unrealistic radiation, photoperiod and humidity regimes. Infrared warming with automatic control of temperature rise has shown potential for warming field plots above ambient temperatures, while avoiding such biases. In a field experiment conducted at Maricopa, AZ, we assessed the utility of a temperature free-air controlled enhancement (T-FACE) approach by comparing phenology of wheat from a series of six sowing date treatments using T-FACE and an additional nine sowing dates that exposed crops to an exceptionally wide range of air temperatures (<0 degrees C to >40 degrees C). The T-FACE treatments were intended to achieve a warming of +1.5 degrees C during the daytime and +3.0 degrees C at night: the achieved warming averaged +1.3 degrees C during daytime and +2.8 degrees C at night. T-FACE and sowing date treatments had large effects on phenology. A regression-based analysis of simulations with the CSM-CROPSIM-CERES model showed that effects of T-FACE on phenology were similar to what would be expected from equivalent changes in air temperature. However, systematic deviations from the expected 1-to-1 relation suggested that assumed cardinal temperatures for phenology should be revised. Based on the single cultivar and location, it appeared that the base temperature for emergence to anthesis should be reduced from 0 degrees C to -5 degrees C, whereas the base temperature for grain filling should be increased from 0 degrees C to 4 degrees C and the optimal temperature, from 30 degrees C to 34 degrees C. Both T-FACE and extreme sowing date treatments proved valuable for improving understanding of high temperature effects on plant processes, as required for accurate prediction of crop responses to elevated temperatures under climate change. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [White, Jeffrey W.; Kimball, Bruce A.; Wall, Gerard W.] USDA ARS, ALARC, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Ottman, Michael J.] Univ Arizona, Sch Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hunt, L. A.] Univ Guelph, Dept Plant Agr, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP White, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, ALARC, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM jeffrey.white@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 7 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD NOV 14 PY 2011 VL 124 IS 2 BP 213 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2011.06.020 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 836JF UT WOS:000296107300010 ER PT J AU Hirahatake, KM Meissen, JK Fiehn, O Adams, SH AF Hirahatake, Kristin M. Meissen, John K. Fiehn, Oliver Adams, Sean H. TI Comparative Effects of Fructose and Glucose on Lipogenic Gene Expression and Intermediary Metabolism in HepG2 Liver Cells SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DE-NOVO LIPOGENESIS; HEXOSAMINE BIOSYNTHESIS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; DIETARY FRUCTOSE; HEPATIC LIPOGENESIS; RAT HEPATOCYTES; MESSENGER-RNA; HEALTHY-MEN; CARBOHYDRATE; DISEASE AB Consumption of large amounts of fructose or sucrose increases lipogenesis and circulating triglycerides in humans. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for this effect are not completely understood, it is possible that as reported for rodents, high fructose exposure increases expression of the lipogenic enzymes fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC-1) in human liver. Since activation of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) is associated with increases in the expression of FAS and ACC-1, it raises the possibility that HBP-related metabolites would contribute to any increase in hepatic expression of these enzymes following fructose exposure. Thus, we compared lipogenic gene expression in human-derived HepG2 cells after incubation in culture medium containing glucose alone or glucose plus 5 mM fructose, using the HBP precursor 10 mM glucosamine (GlcN) as a positive control. Cellular metabolite profiling was conducted to analyze differences between glucose and fructose metabolism. Despite evidence for the active uptake and metabolism of fructose by HepG2 cells, expression of FAS or ACC-1 did not increase in these cells compared with those incubated with glucose alone. Levels of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), the end-product of the HBP, did not differ significantly between the glucose and fructose conditions. Exposure to 10 mM GlcN for 10 minutes to 24 hours resulted in 8-fold elevated levels of intracellular UDP-GlcNAc (P<0.001), as well as a 74-126% increase in FAS (P<0.05) and 49-95% increase in ACC-1 (P<0.01) expression above controls. It is concluded that in HepG2 liver cells cultured under standard conditions, sustained exposure to fructose does not result in an activation of the HBP or increased lipogenic gene expression. Should this scenario manifest in human liver in vivo, it would suggest that high fructose consumption promotes triglyceride synthesis primarily through its action to provide lipid precursor carbon and not by activating lipogenic gene expression. C1 [Hirahatake, Kristin M.; Adams, Sean H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Meissen, John K.; Fiehn, Oliver] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Meissen, John K.; Fiehn, Oliver] Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Adams, Sean H.] ARS, Obes & Metab Res Unit, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. RP Hirahatake, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sean.h.adams@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service [5306-51530-016-00D, 5306-51530-019-00]; Diabetes Action and Research Education Fund FX This work was funded in part by the following: intramural United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service Projects 5306-51530-016-00D and 5306-51530-019-00 and a pilot grant from the Diabetes Action and Research Education Fund (to SHA). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 11 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 11 AR e26583 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0026583 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 855HG UT WOS:000297553900005 PM 22096489 ER PT J AU Spokas, K Bogner, J Chanton, J AF Spokas, K. Bogner, J. Chanton, J. TI A process-based inventory model for landfill CH4 emissions inclusive of seasonal soil microclimate and CH4 oxidation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GAS-DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT; GLOBAL METHANE EMISSIONS; COVER SOILS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; AIR-TEMPERATURE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; SANITARY LANDFILLS; UNDISTURBED SOIL; UNSATURATED SOIL AB We have developed and field-validated an annual inventory model for California landfill CH4 emissions that incorporates both site-specific soil properties and soil microclimate modeling coupled to 0.5 degrees scale global climatic models. Based on 1-D diffusion, CALMIM (California Landfill Methane Inventory Model) is a freely available JAVA tool which models a typical annual cycle for CH4 emissions from site-specific daily, intermediate, and final landfill cover designs. Literature over the last decade has emphasized that the major factors controlling emissions in these highly managed soil systems are the presence or absence of engineered gas extraction, gaseous transport rates as affected by the thickness and physical properties of cover soils, and methanotrophic CH4 oxidation in cover materials as a function of seasonal soil microclimate. Moreover, current IPCC national inventory models for landfill CH4 emissions based on theoretical gas generation have high uncertainties and lack comprehensive field validation. This new approach, which is compliant with IPCC "Tier III" criteria, has been field-validated at two California sites (Monterey County; Los Angeles County), with limited field validation at three additional California sites. CALMIM accurately predicts soil temperature and moisture trends with emission predictions within the same order of magnitude as field measurements, indicating an acceptable initial model comparison in the context of published literature on measured CH4 emissions spanning 7 orders of magnitude. In addition to regional defaults for inventory purposes, CALMIM permits user-selectable parameters and boundary conditions for more rigorous site-specific applications where detailed CH4 emissions, meteorological, and soil microclimate data exist. C1 [Spokas, K.] ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Spokas, K.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bogner, J.] Landfills Inc, Wheaton, IL 60187 USA. [Chanton, J.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Bogner, J.] Univ Chicago, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Spokas, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM kurt.spokas@ars.usda.gov RI Spokas, Kurt/F-4839-2016 OI Spokas, Kurt/0000-0002-5049-5959 FU California Energy Commission (CEC) [500-05-039]; Environmental Research and Education Foundation (EREF); Los Angeles County Sanitation District; Monterey Regional Waste Management District; California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle); California Air Resources Board (ARB) FX This project was supported by the California Energy Commission (CEC) Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program (grant 500-05-039) (G. Franco, Program Manager) and the Environmental Research and Education Foundation (EREF). We gratefully acknowledge the support of many individuals at the Los Angeles County Sanitation District, the Monterey Regional Waste Management District, the California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle), and the California Air Resources Board (ARB) who generously shared their time, provided critical reviews, and facilitated data needs for this project. We also sincerely thank the following individuals for their technical assistance with various programming aspects of this project: Roger Schlachter, Chris Schmitt, Philip Pilosi, and Jeremy Smith. NR 90 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 39 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD NOV 11 PY 2011 VL 116 AR G04017 DI 10.1029/2011JG001741 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 848SB UT WOS:000297073300001 ER PT J AU Chruszcz, M Maleki, SJ Majorek, KA Demas, M Bublin, M Solberg, R Hurlburt, BK Ruan, SB Mattisohn, CP Breiteneder, H Minor, W AF Chruszcz, Maksymilian Maleki, Soheila J. Majorek, Karolina A. Demas, Matthew Bublin, Merima Solberg, Robert Hurlburt, Barry K. Ruan, Sanbao Mattisohn, Christopher P. Breiteneder, Heimo Minor, Wladek TI Structural and Immunologic Characterization of Ara h 1, a Major Peanut Allergen SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; IGE-BINDING EPITOPES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PROTEIN DATA-BANK; CUPIN SUPERFAMILY; MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES; STRUCTURE VALIDATION; CROSS-REACTIVITY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; NATURAL-HISTORY AB Allergic reactions to peanuts and tree nuts are major causes of anaphylaxis in the United States. We compare different properties of natural and recombinant versions of Ara h 1, a major peanut allergen, through structural, immunologic, and bioinformatics analyses. Small angle x-ray scattering studies show that natural Ara h 1 forms higher molecular weight aggregates in solution. In contrast, the full-length recombinant protein is partially unfolded and exists as a monomer. The crystal structure of the Ara h 1 core (residues 170-586) shows that the central part of the allergen has a bicupin fold, which is in agreement with our bioinformatics analysis. In its crystalline state, the core region of Ara h 1 forms trimeric assemblies, while in solution the protein exists as higher molecular weight assemblies. This finding reveals that the residues forming the core region of the protein are sufficient for formation of Ara h 1 trimers and higher order oligomers. Natural and recombinant variants of proteins tested in in vitro gastric and duodenal digestion assays show that the natural protein is the most stable form, followed by the recombinant Ara h 1 core fragment and the full-length recombinant protein. Additionally, IgE binding studies reveal that the natural and recombinant allergens have different patterns of interaction with IgE antibodies. The molecular basis of cross-reactivity between vicilin allergens is also elucidated. C1 [Chruszcz, Maksymilian; Majorek, Karolina A.; Demas, Matthew; Solberg, Robert; Minor, Wladek] Univ Virginia, Dept Mol Physiol & Biol Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. [Maleki, Soheila J.; Hurlburt, Barry K.; Ruan, Sanbao; Mattisohn, Christopher P.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Bublin, Merima; Breiteneder, Heimo] Med Univ Vienna, Ctr Pathophysiol Infectiol & Immunol, Dept Pathophysiol & Allergy Res, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP Chruszcz, M (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mol Physiol & Biol Phys, 1340 Jefferson Pk Ave, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. EM maks@iwonka.med.virginia.edu; wladek@iwonka.med.virginia.edu RI Chruszcz, Maksymilian/E-6407-2011; Minor, Wladek/F-3096-2014; OI Chruszcz, Maksymilian/0000-0001-7521-5485; Minor, Wladek/0000-0001-7075-7090 FU Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) [820127]; US Dept. of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service; New York Structural Genomics Consortium [GM094662]; U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; [GM53163] FX This work was supported by Grant GM53163, the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) BRIDGE Grant 820127, and the US Dept. of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service.; We thank Steve Almo and Alexander Wlodawer for valuable comments on the manuscript and Michal Sabat for help with SAXS experiments. Some of the methodology used in this publication was developed for the New York Structural Genomics Consortium supported by Grant GM094662. The structural results shown in this report are derived from work performed at Argonne National Laboratory, at the Structural Biology Center of the Advanced Photon Source. Argonne is operated by University of Chicago Argonne, LLC, for the U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 67 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD NOV 11 PY 2011 VL 286 IS 45 BP 39318 EP 39327 DI 10.1074/jbc.M111.270132 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 844PO UT WOS:000296759800050 PM 21917921 ER PT J AU Wagner, R Moon, R Pratt, J Shaw, G Raman, A AF Wagner, Ryan Moon, Robert Pratt, Jon Shaw, Gordon Raman, Arvind TI Uncertainty quantification in nanomechanical measurements using the atomic force microscope SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC PROPERTIES; SHEAR MODULUS; CALIBRATION; NANOCOMPOSITES; CANTILEVERS; RATIO AB Quantifying uncertainty in measured properties of nanomaterials is a prerequisite for the manufacture of reliable nanoengineered materials and products. Yet, rigorous uncertainty quantification (UQ) is rarely applied for material property measurements with the atomic force microscope (AFM), a widely used instrument that can measure properties at nanometer scale resolution of both inorganic and biological surfaces and nanomaterials. We present a framework to ascribe uncertainty to local nanomechanical properties of any nanoparticle or surface measured with the AFM by taking into account the main uncertainty sources inherent in such measurements. We demonstrate the framework by quantifying uncertainty in AFM-based measurements of the transverse elastic modulus of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), an abundant, plant-derived nanomaterial whose mechanical properties are comparable to Kevlar fibers. For a single, isolated CNC the transverse elastic modulus was found to have a mean of 8.1 GPa and a 95% confidence interval of 2.7-20 GPa. A key result is that multiple replicates of force-distance curves do not sample the important sources of uncertainty, which are systematic in nature. The dominant source of uncertainty is the nondimensional photodiode sensitivity calibration rather than the cantilever stiffness or Z-piezo calibrations. The results underscore the great need for, and open a path towards, quantifying and minimizing uncertainty in AFM-based material property measurements of nanoparticles, nanostructured surfaces, thin films, polymers and biomaterials. C1 [Wagner, Ryan; Raman, Arvind] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Wagner, Ryan; Moon, Robert; Raman, Arvind] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Moon, Robert] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Moon, Robert] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Pratt, Jon; Shaw, Gordon] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wagner, R (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. FU Forest Products Laboratory under USDA; Purdue University FX The authors are grateful to financial support for this research provided by the Forest Products Laboratory under USDA grant: 'Research on Nanotechnology Related to Wood and Wood-based Materials' and Purdue University under Discovery Park Seed Grant: 'Cellulose Nanocrystal Technology: Surface Functionalization and Composite Applications'. The authors also thank Drs D C Hurley and J Kramar of NIST for their illuminating comments on the manuscript, Professor R Reifenberger (Physics, Purdue) for his valuable guidance on experimental aspects of AFM measurements and Dr C Weder of the Universite de Fribourg for providing the tunicate CNC samples. NR 36 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 41 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD NOV 11 PY 2011 VL 22 IS 45 AR 455703 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/22/45/455703 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 844MC UT WOS:000296750300013 PM 21992899 ER PT J AU Nagoshi, RN Brambila, J Meagher, RL AF Nagoshi, Rodney N. Brambila, Julieta Meagher, Robert L. TI Use of DNA barcodes to identify invasive armyworm Spodoptera species in Florida SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COI; cytochrome-c oxidase subunit I; invasive pests; mitochondrial DNA ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; LEPIDOPTERA; IDENTIFICATION; NOCTUIDAE; POPULATIONS; SEQUENCES; PHEROMONE; MOTHS AB A critical component for sustaining adequate food production is the protection of local agriculture from invasive pest insects. Essential to this goal is the ability to accurately distinguish foreign from closely related domestic species, a process that has traditionally required identification using diagnostic morphological "keys" that can be both subtle and labor-intensive. This is the case for the Lepidopteran group of insects represented by Spodoptera, a genus of Noctuidae "armyworm" moths that includes several important agricultural pests. Two of the most destructive species, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and S. litura (F.) are not yet established in North America. To facilitate the monitoring for these pests, the feasibility of using DNA barcoding methodology for distinguishing between domestic and foreign Spodoptera species was tested. A DNA barcoding database was derived for a subset of Spodoptera species native to Florida, with an emphasis on those attracted to pheromone blends developed for S. litura or S. littoralis. These were then compared to the barcode sequences of S. litura collected from Taiwan and S. littoralis from Portugal. Consistent discrimination of the different species was obtained with phenetic relationships produced that were generally in agreement with phylogenetic studies using morphological characteristics. The data presented here indicate that DNA barcoding has the potential to be an efficient and accurate supplement to morphological methods for the identification of invasive Spodoptera pests in North America. C1 [Nagoshi, Rodney N.; Meagher, Robert L.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Brambila, Julieta] USDA APHIS PPQ, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Nagoshi, RN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM rodney.nagoshi@ars.usda.gov; Julieta.Brambila@aphis.usda.gov; Rob.Meagher@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD NOV 10 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 154 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 846GL UT WOS:000296885100002 PM 22239735 ER PT J AU Gillman, JD Tetlow, A Lee, JD Shannon, JG Bilyeu, K AF Gillman, Jason D. Tetlow, Ashley Lee, Jeong-Deong Shannon, J. Grover Bilyeu, Kristin TI Loss-of-function mutations affecting a specific Glycine max R2R3 MYB transcription factor result in brown hilum and brown seed coats SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; CHALCONE SYNTHASE GENES; ANTHOCYANIN BIOSYNTHESIS; LINOLENIC ACID; LOCUS; COLOR; FRUIT; PIGMENTATION; ARABIDOPSIS; PROTEIN AB Background: Although modern soybean cultivars feature yellow seed coats, with the only color variation found at the hila, the ancestral condition is black seed coats. Both seed coat and hila coloration are due to the presence of phenylpropanoid pathway derivatives, principally anthocyanins. The genetics of soybean seed coat and hilum coloration were first investigated during the resurgence of genetics during the 1920s, following the rediscovery of Mendel's work. Despite the inclusion of this phenotypic marker into the extensive genetic maps developed for soybean over the last twenty years, the genetic basis behind the phenomenon of brown seed coats (the R locus) has remained undetermined until now. Results: In order to identify the gene responsible for the r gene effect (brown hilum or seed coat color), we utilized bulk segregant analysis and identified recombinant lines derived from a population segregating for two phenotypically distinct alleles of the R locus. Fine mapping was accelerated through use of a novel, bioinformatically determined set of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers which allowed us to delimit the genomic region containing the r gene to less than 200 kbp, despite the use of a mapping population of only 100 F6 lines. Candidate gene analysis identified a loss of function mutation affecting a seed coat-specific expressed R2R3 MYB transcription factor gene (Glyma09g36990) as a strong candidate for the brown hilum phenotype. We observed a near perfect correlation between the mRNA expression levels of the functional R gene candidate and an UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UF3GT) gene, which is responsible for the final step in anthocyanin biosynthesis. In contrast, when a null allele of Glyma09g36990 is expressed no upregulation of the UF3GT gene was found. Conclusions: We discovered an allelic series of four loss of function mutations affecting our R locus gene candidate. The presence of any one of these mutations was perfectly correlated with the brown seed coat/hilum phenotype in a broadly distributed survey of soybean cultivars, barring the presence of the epistatic dominant I allele or gray pubescence, both of which can mask the effect of the r allele, resulting in yellow or buff hila. These findings strongly suggest that loss of function for one particular seed coat-expressed R2R3 MYB gene is responsible for the brown seed coat/hilum phenotype in soybean. C1 [Gillman, Jason D.; Bilyeu, Kristin] ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Tetlow, Ashley] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Lee, Jeong-Deong] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Div Plant Biosci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Shannon, J. Grover] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Delta Res Ctr, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. RP Gillman, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, 110 Waters Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Jason.Gillman@ars.usda.gov FU USDA FX The authors would like to thank David Hyten (USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland) for performing the Golden Gate Illumina 1536 USLP assay on the brown and black Jake X PI 283327 bulks. Although this method did not allow mapping, it did confirm the previously known location of the R/r gene within the soybean genome for the Jake X PI 283327 population. We would also like to acknowledge the expert technical contribution of Paul Little. Mention of a trademark, vendor, or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that may also be suitable. NR 61 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 22 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD NOV 9 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 155 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-11-155 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 856XL UT WOS:000297678000001 PM 22070454 ER PT J AU Wu, M Wu, RTY Wang, TTY Cheng, WH AF Wu, Min Wu, Ryan T. Y. Wang, Thomas T. Y. Cheng, Wen-Hsing TI Role for p53 in Selenium-Induced Senescence SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE selenium; p53; senescence cancer ID DNA-DAMAGE RESPONSE; ONCOGENE-INDUCED SENESCENCE; PROSTATE-CANCER CELLS; P53-DEPENDENT APOPTOSIS; COLORECTAL-CANCER; DOWN-REGULATION; ATM ACTIVATION; CYCLE-ARREST; TP53; TUMORIGENESIS AB The tumor suppressor p53 and the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated, (ATM) kinase play important roles in the senescence response to oncogene activation and DNA damage It was previously shown that selenium-containing compounds can activate an ATM-dependent senescence response in MRC-5 normal fibroblasts Here, the shRNA knockdown approach and other DNA damage assays are employed to test the hypothesis that p53 plays a role in selenium-induced senescence In MRC-5 cells treated with methylseleninic acid (MSeA, 0-10 mu M), depletion of p53 hampers senescence-associated expression of beta-galactosidase, disrupts the otherwise S and G2/M cell cycle arrest, desensitizes such cells to MSeA treatment, and increases genome instability Pretreatment with KU55933, an ATM kinase inhibitor, or NU7026, an inhibitor of DNA-dependent protein kinase, desensitizes MSeA cytotoxicity in scrambled but not p53 shRNA MRC-5 cells These results suggest that p53 is critical for senescence induction in the response of MRC-5 noncancerous cells to selenium compounds C1 [Wu, Min; Wu, Ryan T. Y.; Cheng, Wen-Hsing] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wang, Thomas T. Y.] USDA, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cheng, WH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, 3108B Skinner Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 9 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 21 BP 11882 EP 11887 DI 10.1021/jf203012a PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 838SH UT WOS:000296312000065 PM 21973212 ER PT J AU Jang, SI Lillehoj, HS Lee, SH Kim, DK Pages, M Hong, YH Min, W Lillehoj, EP AF Jang, Seung I. Lillehoj, Hyun S. Lee, Sung Hyen Kim, Duk Kyung Pages, Marc Hong, Yeong Ho Min, Wongi Lillehoj, Erik P. TI Distinct immunoregulatory properties of macrophage migration inhibitory factors encoded by Eimeria parasites and their chicken host SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE MIF; Chicken; Coccidiosis; Eimeria; Immunomodulation ID FACTOR MIF; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CYTOKINE; CELL; IMMUNITY; NEMATODE; VACCINE; COCCIDIOSIS; ACERVULINA; ACTIVATION AB Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in host defense against a variety of microorganisms including protozoan parasites. Interestingly, some microbial pathogens also express a MIF-like protein, although its role in disease pathogenesis is not well understood. The aim of this study was to compare an Eimeria-encoded MIF (E.MIF) protein with chicken MIF (C.MIF) on the basis of their structural, immunological, and biological properties. E.MIF and C.MIF proteins, each with a glutathione S-transferase epitope tag, were expressed in Escherichia coli or COS-7 cells and purified by glutathione affinity chromatography. Rabbit antisera against the purified proteins demonstrated their mutual immunological cross-reactivity on Western blots, and immunolocalized intracellular native E.MIF to the Eimeria schizont, merozoite, and oocyst life cycle stages. HD11 chicken macrophages treated in vitro with C.MIF recombinant protein expressed increased levels of transcripts encoding interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 15 (TNFSF15), but decreased levels of IL-8 transcripts, compared with cells treated with the PBS control; similar treatment with E.MIF only down-regulated IL-8 transcripts. Unlike recombinant E.MIF, C.MIF exhibited in vitro chemotactic activity for HD11 cells. Conversely, E.MIF, but not C.MIF, enhanced protection against experimental Eimeria infection, compared with the PBS control. These studies provide evidence for overlapping structural and antigenic properties, but distinct immunoregulatory roles, of E.MIF and C.MIF. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lillehoj, Hyun S.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hong, Yeong Ho] Chung Ang Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Technol, Anseong 456756, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. [Min, Wongi] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Jinju 660701, South Korea. [Min, Wongi] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Life Sci Res Inst, Jinju 660701, South Korea. [Lillehoj, Erik P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA,BARC E, Bldg 1043, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hyun.lillehoj@ars.usda.gov OI Min, Wongi/0000-0003-2437-7366 FU ARS CRIS [1265-32000-086]; World Class University, Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of South Korea [R33-10013] FX This work was supported by ARS CRIS 1265-32000-086 and the World Class University Program (R33-10013) of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of South Korea. The authors thank Ms. Margie Nichols for technical assistance. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 8 PY 2011 VL 29 IS 48 BP 8998 EP 9004 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.038 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 855YC UT WOS:000297601200031 PM 21945252 ER PT J AU Portilla, M Snodgrass, G Streett, D AF Portilla, Maribel Snodgrass, Gordon Streett, Doug TI Effect of modification of the NI artificial diet on the biological fitness parameters of mass reared western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fitness estimate; Lygus diet; mass rearing; quality control ID MIRIDAE; HEMIPTERA AB The NI artificial diet is the only known successful diet for mass rearing the western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera: Miridae). This diet has been used for more than a decade. However, because it contains cooked chicken egg, and thus requires laborious preparation (Cohen 2000), this diet is difficult to use. Three modifications (D1, D2, D3) of the NI diet were investigated in hopes of developing a more easily prepared diet that avoids the cooked egg and improves mass fitness parameters of L. hesperus. The modified D3 diet, containing autoclaved chicken egg yolk based component, had the highest egg/cage/day production (13120 +/- 812 SE). This was significantly greater than diets D1, containing autoclaved dry chicken egg yolk based component (9027 +/- 811 SE), D2, containing autoclaved chicken egg white based component (8311 +/- 628 SE), and NI, which contained autoclaved chicken egg yolk + cooked egg diet (7890 +/- 761 SE). Significant differences were observed in the weights of all developmental stages except for eggs and first instar nymphs. Higher rates of fertility, hatchability, and low mortality in nymphs during the first instar were also obtained in the modified D3 diet. The results clearly indicated that the D3 diet provided an opportunity to significantly reduce rearing cost by avoiding time-consuming issues with preparation of a cooked egg diet. This should result in an increase in production capacity and a reduction in production costs. C1 [Portilla, Maribel; Snodgrass, Gordon] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Portilla, M (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. EM maribel.portilla@ars.usda.gov; gordon.snodgrass@ars.usda.gov; dastreett@fs.fed.us NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD NOV 8 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 149 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 846FZ UT WOS:000296883900002 PM 22224620 ER PT J AU Sunkara, LT Achanta, M Schreiber, NB Bommineni, YR Dai, G Jiang, WY Lamont, S Lillehoj, HS Beker, A Teeter, RG Zhang, GL AF Sunkara, Lakshmi T. Achanta, Mallika Schreiber, Nicole B. Bommineni, Yugendar R. Dai, Gan Jiang, Weiyu Lamont, Susan Lillehoj, Hyun S. Beker, Ali Teeter, Robert G. Zhang, Guolong TI Butyrate Enhances Disease Resistance of Chickens by Inducing Antimicrobial Host Defense Peptide Gene Expression SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; INNATE IMMUNITY; IN-VITRO; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; CATHELICIDIN LL-37; MULTIPLE ROLES; IDENTIFICATION; ANTIBACTERIAL; INHIBITORS AB Host defense peptides (HDPs) constitute a large group of natural broad-spectrum antimicrobials and an important first line of immunity in virtually all forms of life. Specific augmentation of synthesis of endogenous HDPs may represent a promising antibiotic-alternative approach to disease control. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that exogenous administration of butyrate, a major type of short-chain fatty acids derived from bacterial fermentation of undigested dietary fiber, is capable of inducing HDPs and enhancing disease resistance in chickens. We have found that butyrate is a potent inducer of several, but not all, chicken HDPs in HD11 macrophages as well as in primary monocytes, bone marrow cells, and jejuna and cecal explants. In addition, butyrate treatment enhanced the antibacterial activity of chicken monocytes against Salmonella enteritidis, with a minimum impact on inflammatory cytokine production, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst capacities of the cells. Furthermore, feed supplementation with 0.1% butyrate led to a significant increase in HDP gene expression in the intestinal tract of chickens. More importantly, such a feeding strategy resulted in a nearly 10-fold reduction in the bacterial titer in the cecum following experimental infections with S. enteritidis. Collectively, the results indicated that butyrate-induced synthesis of endogenous HDPs is a phylogenetically conserved mechanism of innate host defense shared by mammals and aves, and that dietary supplementation of butyrate has potential for further development as a convenient antibiotic-alternative strategy to enhance host innate immunity and disease resistance. C1 [Sunkara, Lakshmi T.; Achanta, Mallika; Schreiber, Nicole B.; Bommineni, Yugendar R.; Dai, Gan; Jiang, Weiyu; Beker, Ali; Teeter, Robert G.; Zhang, Guolong] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Lamont, Susan] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA USA. [Lillehoj, Hyun S.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Sunkara, LT (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM zguolon@okstate.edu RI Sunkara, Lakshmi/B-8108-2014 OI Sunkara, Lakshmi/0000-0003-2023-5010 FU US Department of Agriculture NIFA [2008-35204-04544]; Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology [HR07-113, AR07.2-087]; Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station [H-2811] FX This work was supported by a US Department of Agriculture NIFA grant (2008-35204-04544), Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology grants HR07-113 and AR07.2-087, and Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station project H-2811. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 27 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 4 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 11 AR e27225 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0027225 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 850MH UT WOS:000297198200052 PM 22073293 ER PT J AU O'Doherty, I Yim, JJ Schmelz, EA Schroeder, FC AF O'Doherty, Inish Yim, Joshua J. Schmelz, Eric A. Schroeder, Frank C. TI Synthesis of Caeliferins, Elicitors of Plant Immune Responses: Accessing Lipophilic Natural Products via Cross Metathesis SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CATALYZED OLEFIN METATHESIS; ISOMERIZATION AB A cross metathesis (CM)-based synthesis of the caeliferins, a family of sulfooxy fatty acids that elicit plant Immune responses, is reported. Unexpectedly, detailed NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses of CM reaction mixtures revealed extensive Isomerization and homologation of starting materials and products. It is shown that the degree of Isomerization and homologation in CM strongly correlates with substrate chain length and lipophilicity. Side-product suppression requires appropriate catalyst selection and use of 1,4-benzoquinone as a hydride scavenger. C1 [O'Doherty, Inish; Yim, Joshua J.; Schroeder, Frank C.] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [O'Doherty, Inish; Yim, Joshua J.; Schroeder, Frank C.] Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Schmelz, Eric A.] USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Schroeder, FC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM schroeder@cornell.edu RI Schroeder, Frank/H-5026-2012; OI Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X; Schroeder, Frank/0000-0002-4420-0237 FU National Institutes of Health [GM079571]; O'Reilly Foundation FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (GM079571 to F.C.S.) and the O'Reilly Foundation (to I.O.D.). We thank Prof. Geoffrey Coates for helpful discussions. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD NOV 4 PY 2011 VL 13 IS 21 BP 5900 EP 5903 DI 10.1021/ol202541b PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 837OD UT WOS:000296212200050 PM 21992613 ER PT J AU Hu, HX Roth, JP Estevez, CN Zsak, L Liu, B Yu, QZ AF Hu, Haixia Roth, Jason P. Estevez, Carlos N. Zsak, Laszlo Liu, Bo Yu, Qingzhong TI Generation and evaluation of a recombinant Newcastle disease virus expressing the glycoprotein (G) of avian metapneumovirus subgroup C as a bivalent vaccine in turkeys SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE NDV; aMPV-C; Reverse genetics; Glycoprotein; Recombinant vector; Bivalent vaccine ID RHINOTRACHEITIS VIRUS; LIVE-VACCINE; SUBTYPE-C; PROTECTS CHICKENS; INFLUENZA-VIRUSES; GENE-EXPRESSION; FOREIGN GENE; SH-GENE; PNEUMOVIRUS; CHALLENGE AB Virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) can cause serious respiratory diseases in poultry. Vaccination combined with strict biosecurity practices has been the recommendation for controlling both NDV and aMPV diseases in the field. In the present study, an NDV based, LaSota strain recombinant vaccine virus expressing the glycoprotein (G) of aMPV subgroup C (aMPV-C) was generated as a bivalent vaccine using a reverse genetics approach. The recombinant virus, rLS/aMPV-C G was slightly attenuated in vivo, yet maintained similar growth dynamics, cytopathic effects, and virus titers in vitro when compared to the parental LaSota virus. Expression of the aMPV G protein in rLS/aMPV-C G-infected cells was detected by immunofluorescence assay. Vaccination of turkeys with one dose of rLS/aMPV-C G induced moderate aMPV-C-specific immune responses and comparable NDV-specific serum antibody responses to a LaSota vaccination control. Partial protection against pathogenic aMPV-C challenge and complete protection against velogenic NDV challenge was conferred. These results suggest that the LaSota recombinant virus is a safe and effective vaccine vector and that expression of the aMPV-C G protein alone is not sufficient to provide full protection against an aMPV-C infection. Expression of other immunogenic protein(s) of the aMPV-C virus alone or in conjunction with the G protein may be needed to induce a stronger protective immunity against the aMPV-C disease. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hu, Haixia; Roth, Jason P.; Estevez, Carlos N.; Zsak, Laszlo; Yu, Qingzhong] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Hu, Haixia; Liu, Bo] Jilin Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Vet Med, Changchun 130062, Jinlin, Peoples R China. RP Yu, QZ (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM qingzhong.yu@ars.usda.gov FU USDA, ARS CRIS [6612-32000-056-00D] FX The authors wish to thank Xiuqin Xia and Fenglan Li for excellent technical assistance, Melissa Scott and Joyce Bennett for performing the automated nucleotide sequencing, and Lizhong Luo and Ron Iorio for a gift of chicken anti-aMPV-C serum and anti-NDV HN monoclonal antibody, respectively. This research was supported by USDA, ARS CRIS project 6612-32000-056-00D. NR 49 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 3 PY 2011 VL 29 IS 47 BP 8624 EP 8633 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.007 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 848GA UT WOS:000297037400022 PM 21925228 ER PT J AU Li, Z Zhang, ZH Yan, PC Huang, SW Fei, ZJ Lin, K AF Li, Zhen Zhang, Zhonghua Yan, Pengcheng Huang, Sanwen Fei, Zhangjun Lin, Kui TI RNA-Seq improves annotation of protein-coding genes in the cucumber genome SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS GENOME; ALIGNMENT; SEQUENCE; TRANSCRIPTOME; PROGRAM; TOOL; IDENTIFICATION; EFFICIENT; DATABASE; CDNA AB Background: As more and more genomes are sequenced, genome annotation becomes increasingly important in bridging the gap between sequence and biology. Gene prediction, which is at the center of genome annotation, usually integrates various resources to compute consensus gene structures. However, many newly sequenced genomes have limited resources for gene predictions. In an effort to create high-quality gene models of the cucumber genome (Cucumis sativus var. sativus), based on the EVidenceModeler gene prediction pipeline, we incorporated the massively parallel complementary DNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) reads of 10 cucumber tissues into EVidenceModeler. We applied the new pipeline to the reassembled cucumber genome and included a comparison between our predicted protein-coding gene sets and a published set. Results: The reassembled cucumber genome, annotated with RNA-Seq reads from 10 tissues, has 23, 248 identified protein-coding genes. Compared with the published prediction in 2009, approximately 8, 700 genes reveal structural modifications and 5, 285 genes only appear in the reassembled cucumber genome. All the related results, including genome sequence and annotations, are available at http://cmb.bnu.edu.cn/Cucumis_sativus_v20/. Conclusions: We conclude that RNA-Seq greatly improves the accuracy of prediction of protein-coding genes in the reassembled cucumber genome. The comparison between the two gene sets also suggests that it is feasible to use RNA-Seq reads to annotate newly sequenced or less-studied genomes. C1 [Li, Zhen; Yan, Pengcheng; Lin, Kui] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Zhonghua; Huang, Sanwen] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Key Lab Hort Crops Genet Improvement, Sinodutch Joint Lab Hort Genom Technol, Minist Agr,Inst Vegetables & Flowers, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Fei, Zhangjun] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fei, Zhangjun] Cornell Univ, USDA Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Lin, K (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, 19 Xinjiekouwai St, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM linkui@bnu.edu.cn RI Lin, Kui/P-4492-2015 OI Lin, Kui/0000-0002-5993-1972 FU Chinese Ministry of Agriculture; Ministry of Science and Technology [2010AA10A108]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30972011]; Beijing Municipal Commission of Education [YB20101002702] FX We thank three anonymous reviewers for their invaluable comments and suggestions. This work was supported by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (the 948 program) to SH, the Ministry of Science and Technology (2010AA10A108) to SH, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30972011) to ZZ, and the Beijing Municipal Commission of Education (YB20101002702) to ZL, PY, and KL. NR 50 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 28 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD NOV 2 PY 2011 VL 12 AR 540 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-12-540 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 849GI UT WOS:000297113200002 PM 22047402 ER PT J AU Hagler, J Mueller, S Teuber, LR Van Deynze, A Martin, J AF Hagler, James Mueller, Shannon Teuber, Larry R. Van Deynze, Allen Martin, Joe TI A method for distinctly marking honey bees, Apis mellifera, originating from multiple apiary locations SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ELISA; fluorescent powder; mark-capture; pollen mediated gene flow; protein marking; self-marking ID RELEASE-RECAPTURE; IMMUNOMARKING TECHNIQUE; PROTEIN MARKER; CAPTURE TYPE; MOVEMENT; CICADELLIDAE; PARASITOIDS; DISPERSAL; EFFICACY; INSECTS AB Inexpensive and non-intrusive marking methods are essential to track natural behavior of insects for biological experiments. An inexpensive, easy to construct, and easy to install bee marking device is described in this paper. The device is mounted at the entrance of a standard honey bee Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) hive and is fitted with a removable tube that dispenses a powdered marker. Marking devices were installed on 80 honey bee colonies distributed in nine separate apiaries. Each device held a tube containing one of five colored fluorescent powders, or a combination of a fluorescent powder (either green or magenta) plus one of two protein powders, resulting in nine unique marks. The powdered protein markers included egg albumin from dry chicken egg whites and casein from dry powdered milk. The efficacy of the marking procedure for each of the unique markers was assessed on honey bees exiting each apiary. Each bee was examined, first by visual inspection for the presence of colored fluorescent powder and then by egg albumin and milk casein specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Data indicated that all five of the colored fluorescent powders and both of the protein powders were effective honey bee markers. However, the fluorescent powders consistently yielded more reliable marks than the protein powders. In general, there was less than a 1% chance of obtaining a false positive colored or protein-marked bee, but the chance of obtaining a false negative marked bee was higher for "protein-marked" bees. C1 [Hagler, James] USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, ARS, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Mueller, Shannon] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Fresno, CA 93702 USA. [Teuber, Larry R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Martin, Joe] USDA, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, ARS, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Hagler, J (reprint author), USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, ARS, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM james.hagler@ars.usda.gov; scmueller@ucdavis.edu; lrteuber@ucdavis.edu; avandeynze@ucdavis.edu FU USDA National Research Initiative [2005-33120-16510] FX We thank Mark Diener, Joel Gilley, William Hines, Geoff Kimmel, Dan Langhorst, Scott Machtley, Chris McNeely, Melissa Noble, Andrew Theis, and Jon Wroble for technical assistance. Special thanks to Lynn Jech and Scott Machtley for drawing Figure 1. We are grateful to Debbie Hagler and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This research was funded by a USDA National Research Initiative-Biotechnology Risk Assessment Grant #2005-33120-16510. Mention of proprietary or brand names are necessary to report factually on available data. However, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval to the exclusion of others that also may be suitable. This article is in the public domain and cannot be copyrighted. It may be freely reprinted with customary crediting of source. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 19 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD NOV 2 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 143 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 846EX UT WOS:000296881100001 PM 22236037 ER PT J AU Hagler, JR Mueller, S Teuber, LR Machtley, SA Van Deynze, A AF Hagler, James R. Mueller, Shannon Teuber, Larry R. Machtley, Scott A. Van Deynze, Allen TI Foraging range of honey bees, Apis mellifera, in alfalfa seed production fields SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dispersal; ELISA; fluorescent dust marking; insect mark-capture; pollen-mediated gene flow; protein marking ID MEDIATED GENE FLOW; COTTON AB A study was conducted in 2006 and 2007 designed to examine the foraging range of honey bees, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae), in a 15.2 km(2) area dominated by a 128.9 ha glyphosate-resistant Roundup Ready (R) alfalfa seed production field and several non-Roundup Ready alfalfa seed production fields (totaling 120.2 ha). Each year, honey bee self-marking devices were placed on 112 selected honey bee colonies originating from nine different apiary locations. The foraging bees exiting each apiary location were uniquely marked so that the apiary of origin and the distance traveled by the marked (field-collected) bees into each of the alfalfa fields could be pinpointed. Honey bee self-marking devices were installed on 14.4 and 11.2% of the total hives located within the research area in 2006 and 2007, respectively. The frequency of field-collected bees possessing a distinct mark was similar, averaging 14.0% in 2006 and 12.6% in 2007. A grand total of 12,266 bees were collected from the various alfalfa fields on seven sampling dates over the course of the study. The distances traveled by marked bees ranged from a minimum of 45 m to a maximum of 5983 m. On average, marked bees were recovered similar to 800 m from their apiary of origin and the recovery rate of marked bees decreased exponentially as the distance from the apiary of origin increased. Ultimately, these data will be used to identify the extent of pollen-mediated gene flow from Roundup Ready to conventional alfalfa. C1 [Hagler, James R.; Machtley, Scott A.] USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, ARS, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Mueller, Shannon] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Fresno, CA 93702 USA. [Teuber, Larry R.; Van Deynze, Allen] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hagler, JR (reprint author), USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, ARS, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM james.hagler@ars.usda.gov; scmueller@ucdavis.edu; lrteuber@ucdavis.edu; scott.machtley@ars.usda.gov; avandeynze@ucdavis.edu FU NRI [2005-33120-16510] FX We thank Felisa Blackmer, Mark Diener, Joel Gilley, William Hines, Geoff Kimmel, Dan Langhorst, Joe Martin, Chris McNeely, Cassandra Price, Melissa Stefanek, Lori Stuart, Andrew Theis, and Jon Wroble for technical assistance. We are grateful to Debbie Hagler and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This research was funded by an NRI-Biotech Risk Assessment Grant #2005-33120-16510. Mention of proprietary or brand names are necessary to report factually on available data. However, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval to the exclusion of others that also may be suitable. This article is in the public domain and not copyrightable. It may be freely reprinted with customary crediting of source. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 35 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD NOV 2 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 144 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 846EX UT WOS:000296881100002 PM 22224495 ER PT J AU Greenberg, AS Kraemer, FB Soni, KG Jedrychowski, MP Yan, QW Graham, CE Bowman, TA Mansur, A AF Greenberg, Andrew S. Kraemer, Fredric B. Soni, Krishnakant G. Jedrychowski, Mark P. Yan, Qing-Wu Graham, Christine E. Bowman, Thomas A. Mansur, Ayla TI Lipid droplet meets a mitochondrial protein to regulate adipocyte lipolysis SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID MECHANISMS; PERILIPIN; OPA1 AB In response to adrenergic stimulation, adipocytes undergo protein kinase A (PKA)-stimulated lipolysis. A key PKA target in this context is perilipin 1, a major regulator of lipolysis on lipid droplets (LDs). A study published in this issue of The EMBO Journal (Pidoux et al, 2011) identifies optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), a protein that regulates mitochondrial dynamics, as perilipin 1 interaction partner and the A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) on LDs that is involved in the induction of stimulated lipolysis. C1 [Greenberg, Andrew S.; Soni, Krishnakant G.; Yan, Qing-Wu; Graham, Christine E.; Bowman, Thomas A.; Mansur, Ayla] Tufts Univ, Obes & Metab Lab, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Kraemer, Fredric B.] VA Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Div Endocrinol, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Kraemer, Fredric B.] Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Jedrychowski, Mark P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, Boston, MA USA. RP Greenberg, AS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Obes & Metab Lab, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM andrew.greenberg@tufts.edu RI Bowman, Thomas/I-4649-2013 OI Bowman, Thomas/0000-0002-9591-7561 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [T32 HL069770, T32 HL069770-07]; NIA NIH HHS [AG028098]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R24DK0867669, DK082574, R01 DK082574]; NIEHS NIH HHS [1RC2ES01871] NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD NOV 2 PY 2011 VL 30 IS 21 BP 4337 EP 4339 DI 10.1038/emboj.2011.371 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 843ZK UT WOS:000296716600001 PM 22048333 ER PT J AU Laliberte, AS Goforth, MA Steele, CM Rango, A AF Laliberte, Andrea S. Goforth, Mark A. Steele, Caitriana M. Rango, Albert TI Multispectral Remote Sensing from Unmanned Aircraft: Image Processing Workflows and Applications for Rangeland Environments SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS); multispectral; reflectance; classification ID VEHICLE UAV IMAGERY; AERIAL VEHICLE; CROP; CLASSIFICATION; ACQUISITION; REFLECTANCE; BIOMASS; CAMERA; SCALE AB Using unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) as remote sensing platforms offers the unique ability for repeated deployment for acquisition of high temporal resolution data at very high spatial resolution. Multispectral remote sensing applications from UAS are reported in the literature less commonly than applications using visible bands, although light-weight multispectral sensors for UAS are being used increasingly.. In this paper, we describe challenges and solutions associated with efficient processing of multispectral imagery to obtain orthorectified, radiometrically calibrated image mosaics for the purpose of rangeland vegetation classification. We developed automated batch processing methods for file conversion, band-to-band registration, radiometric correction, and orthorectification. An object-based image analysis approach was used to derive a species-level vegetation classification for the image mosaic with an overall accuracy of 87%. We obtained good correlations between: (1) ground and airborne spectral reflectance (R-2 = 0.92); and (2) spectral reflectance derived from airborne and WorldView-2 satellite data for selected vegetation and soil targets. UAS-acquired multispectral imagery provides quality high resolution information for rangeland applications with the potential for upscaling the data to larger areas using high resolution satellite imagery. C1 [Laliberte, Andrea S.; Steele, Caitriana M.] New Mexico State Univ, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Goforth, Mark A.] Goforth Sci Inc, Leesburg, VA 20177 USA. [Rango, Albert] USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Laliberte, AS (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Jornada Expt Range, 2995 Knox St, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM alaliber@nmsu.edu; mark@goforthscientific.com; caiti@nmsu.edu; alrango@nmsu.edu RI Ma, Lei/I-4597-2014 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service; National Science Foundation FX This research was funded by the USDA Agricultural Research Service and the National Science Foundation Long-Term Ecological Research Program (LTER), Jornada Basin LTER V: Landscape Linkages in Arid and Semiarid Ecosystems. We would like to acknowledge the assistance of Steve Heinold of Tetracam Inc. for technical support, Peg Gronemeyer for field data collection efforts, and the Jornada UAS team: Jim Lenz, Connie Maxwell, Amalia Slaughter, David Thatcher, and Craig Winters. We also thank the three anonymous reviewers whose comments helped improve the manuscript. NR 42 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 10 U2 115 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 3 IS 11 BP 2529 EP 2551 DI 10.3390/rs3112529 PG 23 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 978OX UT WOS:000306754600012 ER PT J AU Reid, K Clark, DJ Doros, G Pasha, E Patten, C Phillips, E Fielding, R AF Reid, K. Clark, D. J. Doros, G. Pasha, E. Patten, C. Phillips, E. Fielding, R. TI LONGITUDINAL CHANGES IN MUSCLE POWER OUTPUT AMONG HEALTHY OLDER AND MOBILITY-LIMITED OLDER ADULTS: PHYSIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Reid, K.; Clark, D. J.; Pasha, E.; Phillips, E.; Fielding, R.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Clark, D. J.; Patten, C.] Malcom Randall VA Med Ctr, Brain Rehabil Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Doros, G.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. [Patten, C.] Univ Florida, Dept Phys Therapy, Gainesville, FL USA. [Phillips, E.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Boston, MA USA. [Phillips, E.] Spaulding Rehabil Hosp, Boston, MA USA. RI Clark, David/A-4916-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD NOV PY 2011 VL 51 SU 2 BP 112 EP 112 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 936PH UT WOS:000303602000504 ER PT J AU Carey, AN Shukitt-Hale, B AF Carey, A. N. Shukitt-Hale, B. TI DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION WITH COFFEE IMPROVES MOTOR AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE IN AGED RATS SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Carey, A. N.; Shukitt-Hale, B.] Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD NOV PY 2011 VL 51 SU 2 BP 268 EP 268 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 936PH UT WOS:000303602001579 ER PT J AU Miller, MG Shukitt-Hale, B AF Miller, M. G. Shukitt-Hale, B. TI MOBILITY AND COGNITION IN AGING SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Miller, M. G.] Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Miller, M. G.; Shukitt-Hale, B.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Shukitt-Hale, B.] USDA ARS, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD NOV PY 2011 VL 51 SU 2 BP 268 EP 269 PG 2 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 936PH UT WOS:000303602001581 ER PT J AU Poulose, SM Bielinski, DF Shukitt-Hale, B AF Poulose, S. M. Bielinski, D. F. Shukitt-Hale, B. TI NEURONAL HOUSEKEEPING IN THE AGING BRAIN: A FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF ACAI BERRIES AND WALNUTS SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Poulose, S. M.; Shukitt-Hale, B.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD NOV PY 2011 VL 51 SU 2 BP 268 EP 268 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 936PH UT WOS:000303602001580 ER PT J AU Sanchez, H Albala, C Marques, L Allen, L Lavados, M Castillo, J Verdugo, R Uauy, R AF Sanchez, H. Albala, C. Marques, L. Allen, L. Lavados, M. Castillo, J. Verdugo, R. Uauy, R. TI HIGH PLASMA FOLATE AND LOW VITAMIN B12: A DOUBLE THREAT FOR THE ELDERLY SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sanchez, H.; Albala, C.; Marques, L.; Uauy, R.] Univ Chile, INTA, Santiago, Chile. [Lavados, M.; Castillo, J.; Verdugo, R.] Univ Chile, Fac Med, Dept Neurol Sci, Santiago 7, Chile. [Allen, L.] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD NOV PY 2011 VL 51 SU 2 BP 304 EP 305 PG 2 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 936PH UT WOS:000303602002025 ER PT J AU Shukitt-Hale, B AF Shukitt-Hale, B. TI NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS IMPROVE AGE-RELATED COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shukitt-Hale, B.] Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD NOV PY 2011 VL 51 SU 2 BP 355 EP 355 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 936PH UT WOS:000303602002263 ER PT J AU Johnson, EJ AF Johnson, E. J. TI THE ROLE OF NUTRITION SUPPLEMENTS IN AGE-RELATED EYE DISEASE PREVENTION SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Johnson, E. J.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD NOV PY 2011 VL 51 SU 2 BP 407 EP 407 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 936PH UT WOS:000303602002537 ER PT J AU Meydani, SN AF Meydani, S. N. TI REVIVING THE AGEING IMMUNE RESPONSE - ARE ALL ANTIOXIDANTS EQUAL? SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Meydani, S. N.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD NOV PY 2011 VL 51 SU 2 BP 407 EP 407 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 936PH UT WOS:000303602002535 ER PT J AU Singh, MAF Mavros, Y Simar, D Anderberg, KA Kay, M Wang, Y Singh, NA O'Sullivan, A AF Singh, M. A. Fiatarone Mavros, Y. Simar, D. Anderberg, K. A. Kay, M. Wang, Y. Singh, N. A. O'Sullivan, A. TI GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER-4 EXPRESSION IN MONOCYTES IS CORRELATED TO INDICES OF INSULIN RESISTANCE IN OLDER ADULTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Singh, M. A. Fiatarone; Mavros, Y.; Anderberg, K. A.; Kay, M.; Wang, Y.; Singh, N. A.] Univ Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia. [Simar, D.; O'Sullivan, A.] Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Singh, N. A.] Balmain Hosp, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Singh, M. A. Fiatarone] Hebrew Senior Life, Boston, MA USA. [Singh, M. A. Fiatarone] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [O'Sullivan, A.] St George Hosp, Sydney, NSW, Australia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD NOV PY 2011 VL 51 SU 2 BP 584 EP 584 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 936PH UT WOS:000303602004066 ER PT J AU Huang, H Lu, J Hunter, WB Liang, S AF Huang, H. Lu, J. Hunter, W. B. Liang, S. TI Using IBM Content Manager for genomic data annotation and quality assurance tasks SO IBM JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM; INFORMATION; DESIGN AB As the amount of heterogeneous genomic data and related annotations continues to grow, a flexible and easy-to-access data management solution is required to integrate such data and diverse annotation tasks. This preliminary report describes the benefits of using IBM DB2 (R) Content Manager software by conducting task-oriented grape genome annotations, along with data quality-assurance checks throughout the annotation process. To demonstrate the usability of this application, we describe the implementation of two real-life content-based genome annotation case scenarios: 1) expressed sequence tags annotation; and 2) sequence annotation related to simple sequence repeat markers. The IBM DB2 Content Manager allows users to easily construct content-based genomic information applications as rapidly built and readily adapted customized content documents with attributes within an easy-to-use interface system. Users can simultaneously conduct the annotation quality checks while making annotations by utilizing a built-in standardized data quality-control assurance procedure referred to as annotation "routing." The system provides search features or cross-links with different annotation contents or data formats. The data quality workflow and procedure within the system also resulted in accuracy and consistency in the data annotation and curation lifecycle. C1 [Huang, H.] Univ S Florida, Sch Informat, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Lu, J.] Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Viticulture & Small Fruit Res, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. [Hunter, W. B.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Liang, S.] So Med Univ, Coll Med, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Huang, H (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Sch Informat, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM honghuang@usf.edu; jiang.lu@famu.edu; wayne.hunter@ars.usda.gov; itshuang@gmail.com RI Huang, Hong/G-5957-2016 OI Huang, Hong/0000-0002-8957-4881 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Capacity Building [0205031]; Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University-Agricultural Research Service's (FAMU-ARS) Science Center for Excellence FX The authors would like to thank the funding support of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Capacity Building under Grant 0205031 and of Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University-Agricultural Research Service's (FAMU-ARS) Science Center for Excellence. The authors would also like to thank a very large number of colleagues who provided insightful comments and helped formulate our thoughts presented here. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU IBM CORP PI ARMONK PA 1 NEW ORCHARD ROAD, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA SN 0018-8646 J9 IBM J RES DEV JI IBM J. Res. Dev. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 55 IS 6 AR 13 DI 10.1147/JRD.2011.2172837 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 908PD UT WOS:000301501400005 ER PT J AU DeSantis, RD Hallgren, SW AF DeSantis, Ryan D. Hallgren, Stephen W. TI Prescribed Burning Frequency Affects Post Oak and Blackjack Oak Regeneration SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE oak; prescribed fire; reproduction; sprouting ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; CROSS TIMBERS; WHITE OAK; GROWTH; FORESTS; FIRE; OKLAHOMA; REPRODUCTION; USA; DISTURBANCE AB We studied post oak (Quercus stellata Wangenh.) and blackjack oak (Quercus marilandica Munchh.) regeneration in xeric upland oak forests burned from 0 to 5.3 times per decade for 19 years. Post oak and blackjack oak represented 76 and 11% of the site basal area. All reproduction was by sprouting; there were no true seedlings. Compared with post oak, blackjack oak had a substantially higher density of clumps and sprouts relative to its basal area, suggesting that basal area was not a good indicator of sprout production capacity across species. The number of sprouts per clump declined with time since last fire for both species, indicating that fire stimulated sprouting. Three growing seasons after fire, sprouts per clump was highest with the lowest fire frequency and declined with increasing fire. The decline was greatest for blackjack oak. This may have been due to reduced vigor of the root systems producing sprouts with increasing fire frequency. Results suggested that post oak and blackjack oak sprouting, growth rates, and response to fire are similar, but blackjack oak sprout mortality may be higher than that of post oak. This information is important for the maintenance of post oak-blackjack oak-dominated forests of the south-central United States. C1 [DeSantis, Ryan D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forestry, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [DeSantis, Ryan D.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hallgren, Stephen W.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP DeSantis, RD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forestry, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM desantisr@missouri.edu RI Hallgren, Stephen/A-2131-2013 NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 20 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 35 IS 4 BP 193 EP 198 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 910PA UT WOS:000301650500006 ER PT J AU Rodrigues, FA Carre-Missio, V Jham, GN Berhow, M Schurt, DA AF Rodrigues, Fabricio A. Carre-Missio, Vivian Jham, Gulab N. Berhow, Mark Schurt, Daniel A. TI Chlorogenic acid levels in leaves of coffee plants supplied with silicon and infected by Hemileia vastatrix SO TROPICAL PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coffea arabica; biotrophic; disease resistance; metabolomics; phenolics; secondary metabolites ID LEAF RUST; RESISTANCE; RESPONSES; DISEASE AB Rust, caused by Hemileia vastatrix, is the main disease that decreases coffee production in Brazil. New and enhanced methods to reduce rust intensity that can be integrated with modern genetic and chemical approaches need to be investigated. Considering that many plant species supplied with silicon (Si) show increased resistance to several pathogens, this study examined the possible effect of this element in increasing chlorogenic acid (CA) concentrations in coffee leaves and, consequently, increasing the level of resistance to rust. Plants (cv. "Catua Vermelho IAC 44") were inoculated with H. vastatrix after growing for 35 days in a hydroponic culture amended with 0 (-Si) or 2 (+Si) mM Si. Concentration of Si in leaf tissues was of 0.36 and 0.42 dag/kg for -Si and +Si treatments, respectively, but without a statistically significant difference. The area under rust progress curve was 154.5 and 119.4 for -Si and +Si treatments, respectively, but without significant statistical difference. For non-inoculated plants, the concentrations of total CA and caffeoyl-quinic acid (CQA) compounds (diCQA) were similar between -Si and +Si treatments. Even though there was an increase of 236.4 and 257.1%, respectively, for total CA and diCQA for +Si when compared to -Si treatment at 30 days after inoculation with H. vastatrix, reduction on rust severity was not obtained once the fungus had already colonized the leaf tissues. Therefore, regardless of the increase in the concentrations of chlorogenic acid on leaves, coffee resistance to H. vastatrix infection was not potentialized by Si. C1 [Rodrigues, Fabricio A.; Carre-Missio, Vivian; Jham, Gulab N.; Schurt, Daniel A.] Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Fitopatol, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. [Berhow, Mark] Univ Peoria, Funct Foods Res Unit, USDA ARS, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Rodrigues, FA (reprint author), Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Fitopatol, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. EM fabricio@ufv.br FU Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico - CNPq; Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior - CAPES; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais - FAPEMIG FX FAR and GNJ thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico - CNPq for their fellowships. VCM was supported by CNPq. The authors would like to express their appreciation to Prof. G. H. Korndorfer for Si analysis on leaf tissues. This work was supported by grants from Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior - CAPES and Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais - FAPEMIG. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 15 PU SOC BRASILEIRA FITOPATHOLOGIA PI BRASILIA D F PA CAIXA POSTAL 04482, 70919-970 BRASILIA D F, BRAZIL SN 1982-5676 J9 TROP PLANT PATHOL JI Trop. Plant Pathol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 36 IS 6 BP 404 EP 408 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 906HK UT WOS:000301335300010 ER PT J AU Yamashita, Y Kloeppel, BD Knoepp, J Zausen, GL Jaffe, R AF Yamashita, Youhei Kloeppel, Brian D. Knoepp, Jennifer Zausen, Gregory L. Jaffe, Rudolf TI Effects of Watershed History on Dissolved Organic Matter Characteristics in Headwater Streams SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE headwater streams; dissolved organic carbon (DOC); chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM); parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC); watershed disturbance; Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory ID PARALLEL FACTOR-ANALYSIS; FOREST FLOOR; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; CARBON DYNAMICS; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; SOIL CARBON; LEAF-LITTER; AMINO-ACIDS; LAND-USE; CHEMISTRY AB Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is recognized as a major component in the global carbon cycle and is an important driver in aquatic ecosystem function. Climate, land use, and forest cover changes all impact stream DOM and alter biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial environments. We determined the temporal variation in DOM quantity and quality in headwater streams at a reference watershed (REF), a watershed clear-cut 30 years ago (CC), and a watershed converted to a white pine plantation 50 years ago (WP) at the US Forest Service, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, in the Nantahala Mountains of western North Carolina, USA. Average stream dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in CC or WP were 60 and 80% of those in REF, respectively. Stream DOM composition showed that the difference was mainly due to changes in humic-ike components in chromophoric DOM. In addition, excitation-emission matrix fluorescence data with parallel factor analysis indicate that although the concentration of protein-like components did not differ significantly among watersheds, their relative abundance showed an enrichment in CC and WP compared to REF. The ratio of humic acid-type to fulvic acid-type components was highest and lowest at REF and WP, respectively. Our data suggest that forest ecosystem disturbance history affects the DOM quantity and quality in headwater streams over decades as a result of changes in watershed soil organic matter characteristics due to differences in organic matter inputs. C1 [Yamashita, Youhei; Jaffe, Rudolf] Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Yamashita, Youhei; Jaffe, Rudolf] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Yamashita, Youhei] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Kloeppel, Brian D.] Western Carolina Univ, Dept Geosci & Nat Resources, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. [Knoepp, Jennifer] US Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, USDA, Otto, NC 28763 USA. [Zausen, Gregory L.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Jaffe, R (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM jaffer@fiu.edu RI Yamashita, Youhei/A-3858-2012 OI Yamashita, Youhei/0000-0002-9415-8743 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-9632854, DEB-0218001]; Florida Coastal Everglades LTER project [DBI-0620409]; College of Arts and Science at Florida International University FX The authors thank the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory for logistical support for this research and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and suggestions that helped improve the quality of this manuscript. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation both through the Coweeta LTER project (grants DEB-9632854 and DEB-0218001) and the Florida Coastal Everglades LTER project (grant DBI-0620409). YY thanks the College of Arts and Science at Florida International University for financial support. This is SERC contribution # 528. NR 58 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 7 U2 96 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD NOV PY 2011 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1110 EP 1122 DI 10.1007/s10021-011-9469-z PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 890KS UT WOS:000300144100006 ER PT J AU Parisien, MA Parks, SA Miller, C Krawchuk, MA Heathcott, M Moritz, MA AF Parisien, Marc-Andre Parks, Sean A. Miller, Carol Krawchuk, Meg A. Heathcott, Mark Moritz, Max A. TI Contributions of Ignitions, Fuels, and Weather to the Spatial Patterns of Burn Probability of a Boreal Landscape SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Fire; Boreal forest; Ignitions; Fuels; Weather; Burn probability; Simulation modeling; Structural equation modeling ID FOREST-FIRES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CANADA; FREQUENCY; MIXEDWOOD; WILDFIRE; ALBERTA; MODELS; SPREAD; DISTURBANCE AB The spatial pattern of fire observed across boreal landscapes is the outcome of complex interactions among components of the fire environment. We investigated how the naturally occurring patterns of ignitions, fuels, and weather generate spatial pattern of burn probability (BP) in a large and highly fire-prone boreal landscape of western Canada, Wood Buffalo National Park. This was achieved by producing a high-resolution map of BP using a fire simulation model that models the ignition and spread of individual fires for the current state of the study landscape (that is, the 'control'). Then, to extract the effect of the variability in ignitions, fuels, and weather on spatial BP patterns, we subtracted the control BP map to those produced by "homogenizing'' a single environmental factor of interest (that is, the 'experimental treatments'). This yielded maps of spatial residuals that represent the spatial BP patterns for which the heterogeneity of each factor of interest is responsible. Residuals were analyzed within a structural equation modeling framework. The results showed unequal contributions of fuels (67.4%), weather (29.2%), and ignitions (3.4%) to spatial BP patterning. The large contribution of fuels reflects how substantial heterogeneity of land cover on this landscape strongly affects BP. Although weather has a chiefly temporal control on fire regimes, the variability in fire-conducive weather conditions exerted a surprisingly large influence on spatial BP patterns. The almost negligible effect of spatial ignition patterns was surprising but explainable in the context of this area's fire regime. Similar contributions of fuels, weather, and ignitions could be expected in other parts of the boreal forest that lack a strong anthropogenic imprint, but are likely to be altered in human-dominated fire regimes. C1 [Parisien, Marc-Andre; Moritz, Max A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Parisien, Marc-Andre] No Forestry Ctr, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Edmonton, AB T5H 3S5, Canada. [Parks, Sean A.; Miller, Carol] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, USDA, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Krawchuk, Meg A.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Geog, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Heathcott, Mark] Western Fire Ctr, Calgary, AB T2P 3M3, Canada. RP Parisien, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 137 Mulford Hall 3114, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Marc-Andre.Parisien@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca FU Canadian Forest Service; Parks Canada; Joint Fire Science Program [06-4-1-04] FX We are indebted to our colleagues who provided the data and advice necessary to build the suite of Burn-P3 inputs. Keith Hartery and Rita Antoniak sent us a wealth of data and information for Wood Buffalo National Park, Xulin Guo and Yuhong He shared results and guidance to help define the seasons, Bob Mazurik and Peter Englefield sent us land-cover data, and Lakmal Ratnayake provided fire data to develop the ignition grid. Kerry Anderson, Peter Englefield, Brad Hawkes, and Tim Lynham provided constructive comments on the manuscript. This study was funded by the Canadian Forest Service, Parks Canada, and the Joint Fire Science Program (Project 06-4-1-04). NR 62 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD NOV PY 2011 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1141 EP 1155 DI 10.1007/s10021-011-9474-2 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 890KS UT WOS:000300144100008 ER PT J AU Sreenath, HK Jeffries, TW AF Sreenath, Hassan K. Jeffries, Thomas W. TI Interactions of fungi from fermented sausage with regenerated cellulose casings SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Regenerated cellulose casings (RCC); Cellulases; Degradation; Fungal interactions; Solid substrate cultivation (SSC) ID ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS AB This research examined cellulolytic effects of fungi and other microbes present in cured sausages on the strength and stability of regenerated cellulose casings (RCC) used in the sausage industry. Occasionally during the curing process, RCC would split or fail, thereby leading to loss of product. The fungus Penicillium sp. BT-F-1, which was isolated from fermented sausages, and other fungi, which were introduced to enable the curing process, produced small amounts of cellulases on RCC in both liquid and solid cultivations. During continued incubation for 15-60 days in solid substrate cultivation (SSC) on RCC support, the fungus Penicillium sp isolate BT-F-1 degraded the casings' dry weights by 15-50% and decreased their tensile strengths by similar to 75%. Similarly commercial cellulase(s) resulted in 20-50% degradation of RCC in 48 h. During incubation with Penicillium sp BT-F-1, the surface structure of RCC collapsed, resulting in loss of strength and stability of casings. The matrix of industrial RCC comprised 88-93% glucose polymer residues with 0.8-4% xylan impurities. Premature casing failure appeared to result from operating conditions in the manufacturing process that allowed xylan to build up in the extrusion bath. The sausage fungus Penicillium sp BT-F-1 produced xylanases to break down soft xylan pockets prior to slow cellulosic dissolution of RCC. C1 [Sreenath, Hassan K.] Danisco USA Inc, Probiot Fermentat Dev, Madison, WI 53716 USA. [Jeffries, Thomas W.] Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Sreenath, Hassan K.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Sreenath, HK (reprint author), Danisco USA Inc, Probiot Fermentat Dev, 3329 Agr Dr, Madison, WI 53716 USA. EM hassan.sreenath@danisco.com RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 FU Viskase Corporation, Chicago, IL, USA FX Viskase Corporation, Chicago, IL, USA, funded this work under a confidentiality agreement that allowed for publication of the findings 3 years after completion of the study. The authors are solely responsible for observations and conclusions reported herein. The authors are thankful to Mr. Brian D. Rosin for his excellent technical assistance to conduct this work. The authors are thankful to Mr. Thomas A. Kuster, FPL, Madison, WI, USA, for his technical work with SEM. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 38 IS 11 BP 1793 EP 1802 DI 10.1007/s10295-011-0966-z PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 890QC UT WOS:000300158500005 PM 21465179 ER PT J AU Jordan, DB Wagschal, K Fan, ZM Yuan, L Braker, JD Heng, CR AF Jordan, Douglas B. Wagschal, Kurt Fan, Zhanmin Yuan, Ling Braker, Jay D. Heng, Chamroeun TI Engineering lower inhibitor affinities in beta-D-xylosidase of Selenomonas ruminantium by site-directed mutagenesis of Trp145 SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glycoside hydrolase; GH43; Saturation mutagenesis; Biofuel; Product inhibition ID ACID SIDE-CHAINS; SUBSTRATE DISTORTION; ACTIVE-SITE; FERMENTATION INHIBITORS; GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASE; COMPLEX; HYDROLYSIS; MECHANISMS; INSIGHT; ETHANOL AB beta-D-Xylosidase/alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase from Selenomonas ruminantium is the most active enzyme reported for catalyzing hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-xylooligosaccharides to D-xylose. One property that could use improvement is its relatively high affinities for D-glucose and D-xylose (K-i similar to 10 mM), which would impede its performance as a catalyst in the saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of biofuels and other value-added products. Previously, we discovered that the W145G variant expresses K-i(D-glucose) and K-i(D-xylose) twofold and threefold those of the wild-type enzyme. However, in comparison to the wild type, the variant expresses 11% lower k(cat)(D-xylobiose) and much lower stabilities to temperature and pH. Here, we performed saturation mutagenesis of W145 and discovered that the variants express Ki values that are 1.5-2.7-fold (D-glucose) and 1.9-4.6-fold (D-xylose) those of wild-type enzyme. W145F, W145L, and W145Y express good stability and, respectively, 11, 6, and 1% higher k(cat)(D-xylobiose) than that of the wild type. At 0.1 M D-xylobiose and 0.1 M D-xylose, kinetic parameters indicate that W145F, W145L, and W145Y catalytic activities are respectively 46, 71, and 48% greater than that of the wild-type enzyme. C1 [Jordan, Douglas B.; Braker, Jay D.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Wagschal, Kurt; Heng, Chamroeun] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Fan, Zhanmin; Yuan, Ling] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Kentucky Tobacco Res & Dev Ctr, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Jordan, DB (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM douglas.jordan@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 38 IS 11 BP 1821 EP 1835 DI 10.1007/s10295-011-0971-2 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 890QC UT WOS:000300158500008 PM 21528413 ER PT J AU Allen, HK Looft, T Bayles, DO Humphrey, S Levine, UY Alt, D Stanton, TB AF Allen, Heather K. Looft, Torey Bayles, Darrell O. Humphrey, Samuel Levine, Uri Y. Alt, David Stanton, Thaddeus B. TI Antibiotics in Feed Induce Prophages in Swine Fecal Microbiomes SO MBIO LA English DT Article ID GASTROINTESTINAL MICROBIOTA; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; VIRULENCE FACTORS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GENE-TRANSFER; SOS RESPONSE; BETA-LACTAM; PIG DIETS; VIRUSES; GROWTH AB Antibiotics are a cost-effective tool for improving feed efficiency and preventing disease in agricultural animals, but the full scope of their collateral effects is not understood. Antibiotics have been shown to mediate gene transfer by inducing prophages in certain bacterial strains; therefore, one collateral effect could be prophage induction in the gut microbiome at large. Here we used metagenomics to evaluate the effect of two antibiotics in feed (carbadox and ASP250 [chlortetracycline, sulfamethazine, and penicillin]) on swine intestinal phage metagenomes (viromes). We also monitored the bacterial communities using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. ASP250, but not carbadox, caused significant population shifts in both the phage and bacterial communities. Antibiotic resistance genes, such as multidrug resistance efflux pumps, were identified in the viromes, but in-feed antibiotics caused no significant changes in their abundance. The abundance of phage integrase-encoding genes was significantly increased in the viromes of medicated swine over that in the viromes of nonmedicated swine, demonstrating the induction of prophages with antibiotic treatment. Phage-bacterium population dynamics were also examined. We observed a decrease in the relative abundance of Streptococcus bacteria (prey) when Streptococcus phages (predators) were abundant, supporting the "kill-the-winner" ecological model of population dynamics in the swine fecal microbiome. The data show that gut ecosystem dynamics are influenced by phages and that prophage induction is a collateral effect of in-feed antibiotics. IMPORTANCE This study advances our knowledge of the collateral effects of in-feed antibiotics at a time in which the widespread use of "growth-promoting" antibiotics in agriculture is under scrutiny. Using comparative metagenomics, we show that prophages are induced by in-feed antibiotics in swine fecal microbiomes and that antibiotic resistance genes were detected in most viromes. This suggests that in-feed antibiotics are contributing to phage-mediated gene transfer, potentially of antibiotic resistance genes, in the swine gut. Additionally, the so-called "kill-the-winner" model of phage-bacterium population dynamics has been shown in aquatic ecosystems but met with conflicting evidence in gut ecosystems. The data support the idea that swine fecal Streptococcus bacteria and their phages follow the kill-the-winner model. Understanding the role of phages in gut microbial ecology is an essential component of the antibiotic resistance problem and of developing potential mitigation strategies. C1 [Allen, Heather K.; Looft, Torey; Humphrey, Samuel; Levine, Uri Y.; Stanton, Thaddeus B.] ARS, Food Safety & Enter Pathogens Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bayles, Darrell O.; Alt, David] ARS, Genom Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Allen, HK (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety & Enter Pathogens Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM heather.allen@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service FX This work was supported by the Agricultural Research Service. NR 52 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 8 U2 86 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 2150-7511 J9 MBIO JI mBio PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 2 IS 6 AR e00260-11 DI 10.1128/mBio.00260-11 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 888GV UT WOS:000299992700019 ER PT J AU Khan, A Miller, N Roos, DS Dubey, JP Ajzenberg, D Darde, ML Ajioka, JW Rosenthal, B Sibley, LD AF Khan, Asis Miller, Natalie Roos, David S. Dubey, J. P. Ajzenberg, Daniel Darde, Marie Laure Ajioka, James W. Rosenthal, Benjamin Sibley, L. David TI A Monomorphic Haplotype of Chromosome Ia Is Associated with Widespread Success in Clonal and Nonclonal Populations of Toxoplasma gondii SO MBIO LA English DT Article ID PARASITE PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; MOUSE-VIRULENCE; MALARIA; EXPANSION; BRAZIL; NETWORKS; GENOTYPE; STRAINS; SWEEPS; ORIGIN AB Toxoplasma gondii is a common parasite of animals that also causes a zoonotic infection in humans. Previous studies have revealed a strongly clonal population structure that is shared between North America and Europe, while South American strains show greater genetic diversity and evidence of sexual recombination. The common inheritance of a monomorphic version of chromosome Ia (referred to as ChrIa*) among three clonal lineages from North America and Europe suggests that inheritance of this chromosome might underlie their recent clonal expansion. To further examine the diversity and distribution of ChrIa, we have analyzed additional strains with greater geographic diversity. Our findings reveal that the same haplotype of ChrIa* is found in the clonal lineages from North America and Europe and in older lineages in South America, where sexual recombination is more common. Although lineages from all three continents harbor the same conserved ChrIa* haplotype, strains from North America and Europe are genetically separate from those in South America, and these respective geographic regions show limited evidence of recent mixing. Genome-wide, array-based profiling of polymorphisms provided evidence for an ancestral flow from particular older southern lineages that gave rise to the clonal lineages now dominant in the north. Collectively, these data indicate that ChrIa* is widespread among nonclonal strains in South America and has more recently been associated with clonal expansion of specific lineages in North America and Europe. These findings have significant implications for the spread of genetic loci influencing transmission and virulence in pathogen populations. IMPORTANCE Understanding parasite population structure is important for evaluating the potential spread of pathogenicity determinants between different geographic regions. Examining the genetic makeup of different isolates of Toxoplasma gondii from around the world revealed that chromosome Ia is highly homogeneous among lineages that predominate on different continents and within genomes that were otherwise quite divergent. This pattern of recent shared ancestry is highly unusual and suggests that some gene(s) found on this chromosome imparts an unusual fitness advantage that has resulted in its recent spread. Although the basis for the conservation of this particularly homogeneous chromosome is unknown, it may have implications for the transmission of infection and spread of human disease. C1 [Khan, Asis; Sibley, L. David] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Miller, Natalie; Roos, David S.] Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Miller, Natalie; Roos, David S.] Univ Penn, Penn Genome Frontiers Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Dubey, J. P.; Rosenthal, Benjamin] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Natl Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Ajzenberg, Daniel; Darde, Marie Laure] Univ Limoges, Ctr Hosp Univ Dupuytren, Ctr Natl Reference, Toxoplasmose Toxoplasma Biol Resource Ctr BRC, Limoges, France. [Ajzenberg, Daniel; Darde, Marie Laure] Univ Limoges, Fac Med, EA NETEC 3174, Lab Parasitol Mycol, Limoges, France. [Ajioka, James W.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Pathol, Cambridge CB2 1QP, England. RP Sibley, LD (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM sibley@borcim.wustl.edu OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 FU NIH [AI059176] FX This work was supported by a grant from the NIH (AI059176 to L.D.S.). NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 2150-7511 J9 MBIO JI mBio PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 2 IS 6 AR e00228-11 DI 10.1128/mBio.00228-11 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 888GV UT WOS:000299992700008 PM 22068979 ER PT J AU Huang, Y Thomson, SJ AF Huang, Y. Thomson, S. J. TI CHARACTERIZATION OF IN-SWATH SPRAY DEPOSITION FOR CP-11TT FLAT-FAN NOZZLES USED IN LOW-VOLUME AERIAL APPLICATION OF CROP PRODUCTION AND PROTECTION MATERIALS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Aerial application; Droplet spectrum model; D-V0.5; Spray deposition; Spray nozzle; VMD ID DROPLET SIZE; DRIFT; ADJUVANTS AB A study was conducted to quantify spray deposit characteristics of the low-drift CP flat-fan nozzle. In the study, CP flat-fan nozzles with selectable tips and swivel angles were evaluated for droplet spectra and coverage using water-sensitive paper (WSP) placed in the spray swath. Three nozzle angles (23 degrees, 38 degrees, and 53 degrees downward from the horizontal) and three application volumes (9.5, 19, and 28.5 L ha(-1)) were coupled with appropriate flat-fan tips as required by the target application volume. Droplet spectra of the WSP over the spray swath were calculated to produce D-V0.1 D-V0.5 (also referred as volume median diameter or VMD), and D-V0.9. Statistical results showed that higher nozzle spray flow rates resulted in higher percentage spray coverage and that relative humidity at the time of spraying had a significant positive effect on spray coverage (p = 0.0007). Average VMD did not differ much between the 38 degrees and 53 degrees downward angles, but average VMD for the 23 degrees angle was 50% higher and more variable than for the 38 degrees and 53 degrees angles across flow rates. Relative span, which is an indication of droplet size ranges, was lower in the field trials than the values indicated by the USDA models at low flow rates. Baseline data obtained in the swath on droplet characteristics can help aerial applicators verify the correct spray tip for a given flow rate and nozzle angle for a desired droplet spectrum and sufficient spray coverage. C1 [Huang, Y.; Thomson, S. J.] USDA ARS, Jamie Whitten Delta States Res Ctr, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Huang, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jamie Whitten Delta States Res Ctr, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM yanbo.huang@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1973 EP 1979 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 879WJ UT WOS:000299363300001 ER PT J AU Jeon, HY Zhu, H Derksen, RC Ozkan, HE Krause, CR Fox, RD AF Jeon, H. Y. Zhu, H. Derksen, R. C. Ozkan, H. E. Krause, C. R. Fox, R. D. TI PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A NEWLY DEVELOPED VARIABLE-RATE SPRAYER FOR NURSERY LINER APPLICATIONS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Automatic sprayer; Pesticide application; Spray deposit; Spray volume saving; Ultrasonic sensor ID TREE CANOPY; VOLUME AB An experimental variable-rate sprayer designed for liner applications was tested by comparing its spray deposit, coverage, and droplet density inside canopies of six nursery liner varieties with constant-rate applications. Spray samplers, including water-sensitive papers (WSP) and nylon screens, were mounted inside tree canopies to collect spray deposit and coverage from variable-rate and constant-rate (555 and 1,110 L ha(-1)) applications. Models for estimating spray volume savings of the variable-rate sprayer compared to constant-rate and tree-row-volume (TRV) rate applications were developed for various liner canopy sizes and tree spacings. The accuracy of the model was validated with the field test data. For the liner trees tested, the variable-rate sprayer delivered 151 to 359 L ha(-1) application rates, while the conventional constant-rate application required 1,110 L ha(-1). Due to substantially lower spray output, the variable-rate application had lower (but sufficient) spray deposit, coverage, and droplet density than the constant-rate applications. The variable-rate application also had significantly less variations in spray deposit within canopies of different-size trees. Test results Showed that the variable-rate sprayer reduced spray volume by up to 86.4% and 70.8% compared to the 1,110 L ha(-1) and TRV-based rate applications, respectively, while the model-estimated savings were up to 94.6% for the 1,110 L ha(-1) application and 57.7% for the TRV-based rate applications. Therefore, the newly developed variable-rate sprayer would bring great reductions in pesticide use and safeguard the environment for nursery liner production. C1 [Jeon, H. Y.; Zhu, H.; Derksen, R. C.; Krause, C. R.; Fox, R. D.] USDA ARS, ATRU, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Ozkan, H. E.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Zhu, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, ATRU, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM heping.zhu@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-NIFA Specialty Crop Research Initiative [2009-51181-06002] FX The authors express their appreciation to A. Clark, K. Williams, B. Nudd, and L. Morris for their assistance throughout the research. This research was supported by the USDA-NIFA Specialty Crop Research Initiative (Grant No. 2009-51181-06002). NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1997 EP 2007 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 879WJ UT WOS:000299363300004 ER PT J AU Beeson, PC Doraiswamy, PC Sadeghi, AM Di Luzio, M Tomer, MD Arnold, JG Daughtry, CST AF Beeson, P. C. Doraiswamy, P. C. Sadeghi, A. M. Di Luzio, M. Tomer, M. D. Arnold, J. G. Daughtry, C. S. T. TI TREATMENTS OF PRECIPITATION INPUTS TO HYDROLOGIC MODELS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Hydrologic model; NEXRAD; Precipitation; SWAT ID WATER ASSESSMENT-TOOL; NEXRAD PRECIPITATION; BIAS ADJUSTMENT; DATA QUALITY; CALIBRATION; RAINFALL; SOIL; RADAR; CONSERVATION; SIMULATIONS AB Hydrologic models are used to assess many water resource problems, from agricultural use and water quality to engineering issues. This study shows how the combination of rain gauges (accurate at a point) and NEXRAD precipitation data (covering a wide area) can provide accurate, timely rainfall data that can drive the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, which provides a more reliable tool for producers and policy-makers alike. The treatment of rainfall data was tested in the South Fork of the Iowa River, which covers about 788 km(2) (194,720 ac) and is one of 15 benchmark watersheds of the USDA Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP). The results show significant improvement in model predictions in which rainfall data were correctly modified. Gauge records with values for trace events performed better as data sources than records in which trace events were given zero value, even though the mean annual rainfall differed by <= 25 mm. The combination of rain gauge and NEXRAD data provided superior results even when the watershed included a sufficient spatial distribution of rain gauges. Of the six methods used to adjust gauge and NEXRAD data, inverse distance weighting or kriging with external drift predicted streamflow among the four gauges was the best among those tested. In the absence of rain gauge data, the simple adjustment of the NEXRAD estimates to match total rainfall amounts in the region resulted in adequate streamflow estimates. This finding is important because uncorrected NEXRAD precipitation values, although only 15% below annual precipitation values, resulted in a greater than 50% difference in streamflow estimates. The choice of rainfall treatment should he considered carefully to provide accurate model predictions. C1 [Beeson, P. C.; Doraiswamy, P. C.; Sadeghi, A. M.; Daughtry, C. S. T.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Di Luzio, M.] Texas AgriLife Res, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX USA. [Tomer, M. D.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. [Arnold, J. G.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Beeson, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 007,Rm 104, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM peter.beeson@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2011 EP 2020 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 879WJ UT WOS:000299363300005 ER PT J AU Bockhold, DL Thompson, AL Sudduth, KA Henggeler, JC AF Bockhold, D. L. Thompson, A. L. Sudduth, K. A. Henggeler, J. C. TI IRRIGATION SCHEDULING BASED ON CROP CANOPY TEMPERATURE FOR HUMID ENVIRONMENTS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Infrared thermometer; Vapor pressure deficit; Water use efficiency ID WATER-STRESS INDEX; COTTON; RADIATION; LINES; CORN AB The use of infrared thermometers (IR) to measure canopy temperatures for irrigation scheduling has been successfully applied in arid environments. Functionality of this technique in humid areas has been limited due to the presence of low vapor pressure deficits (VPD) and intermittent cloud cover. This study evaluated an alternate scheduling method for humid environments based on comparing measured canopy temperature with calculated canopy temperature of a well-watered crop. Irrigation was applied when the measured canopy temperature was greater than the predicted canopy temperature for more than three consecutive hours on two consecutive days. This method was evaluated against well-watered, semi-stressed, and dryland treatments of corn, soybean, and cotton on the basis of yield, irrigation amount, and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE). Canopy temperature was underpredicted when the VPD was greater than 2 kPa. Limiting data to conditions when the solar radiation was greater than 200 W m(-2) and the Richardson number was less than 0.2 resulted in very good prediction of canopy temperatures for cotton and soybean, particularly in the later growing period, but corn temperatures were consistently underpredicted. Although soybean and cotton yields were not significantly different across treatments, IWUE was improved for corn and cotton by use of this technique. Corn yield was greater for the well-watered crop, but the IR method resulted in 85% of the maximum yield while requiring less than 50% of the irrigation water. Results from this study suggest that the threshold temperature may be up to 1 degrees C greater for corn and soybean and up to 0.5 degrees C greater for cotton for humid compared to arid environments. This method shows potential as a tool for irrigation scheduling in humid environments. Further work is suggested to determine if conditions of excessive cloud cover and high VPD can be better accommodated, and to refine the threshold temperatures for corn, soybean, and cotton for humid environments. C1 [Thompson, A. L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Bockhold, D. L.] USDA NRCS, Fulton, MO USA. [Sudduth, K. A.] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. [Henggeler, J. C.] Univ Missouri, Portageville, MO USA. RP Thompson, AL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biol Engn, Room 259,Agr Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM thompsona@missouri.edu NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2021 EP 2028 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 879WJ UT WOS:000299363300006 ER PT J AU Amatya, DM Douglas-Mankin, KR Williams, TM Skaggs, RW Nettles, JE AF Amatya, D. M. Douglas-Mankin, K. R. Williams, T. M. Skaggs, R. W. Nettles, J. E. TI ADVANCES IN FOREST HYDROLOGY: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Agricultural landscape; Best management practices; DRAINMOD; Evapotranspiration; Forested wetlands; Hydrologic processes; Nutrient loading; Riparian buffer; Shallow water table; SWAT ID PLAIN RIPARIAN SYSTEM; MANAGEMENT MODEL REMM; WATER ASSESSMENT-TOOL; SWAT MODEL; UNITED-STATES; CATCHMENT; QUALITY; YIELD; SOIL; VEGETATION AB Forests are an integral component of the landscape, and maintaining their functional integrity is fundamental for the sustainability of ecosystems and societies alike. Tools, innovations, and practices, analogous to those developed to improve agricultural production and quantify environmental impacts, are needed to ensure the sustainability of these forested landscapes as well as the ecosystem goods and services they produce. This article introduces ten technical articles on critical ecohydrologic processes, protection and restoration, and the effects of management practices on the hydrology and water quality of forests and forested wetlands, using both monitoring and modeling approaches. Prepared by experts in forest science, forest and agricultural hydrology and water management, the studies reported in this special collection are concentrated in the Atlantic Coastal plain and focus on forests with shallow water tables. Experimental studies describe the effects of riparian vegetation harvest, human disturbance, and future climatic change on groundwater; the significance of emergent vegetation after harvest, and long-term hydrologic water balance of a managed pine forest. Modeling studies use the SWAT model to predict streamflow dynamics of a less disturbed, coastal forested watershed, and DRAINMOD to determine the impacts of minor silvicultural drainage on wetland hydrology and to improve wetland restoration. Finally a study describes potential uncertainties associated with infrequent water sampling of nutrient loads from drained forested watersheds. This introductory article summarizes these studies of shallow water table forests and relates them to the broader field of forest hydrology, including its challenges and opportunities, while identifying pressing issues of land use and climate change. The results from these studies should help guide management and restoration of forest wetland ecosystems and direct future forest hydrologic research, including research in large prior converted agricultural landscapes. C1 [Amatya, D. M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Cordesville, SC 29434 USA. [Douglas-Mankin, K. R.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Williams, T. M.] Clemson Univ, Baruch Inst Coastal Ecol & Forest Sci, Georgetown, SC USA. [Skaggs, R. W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Nettles, J. E.] Weyerhaeuser Co, Field Stn, Columbus, MS USA. RP Amatya, DM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, 3734 Highway 402, Cordesville, SC 29434 USA. EM damatya@fs.fed.us NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 62 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2049 EP 2056 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 879WJ UT WOS:000299363300009 ER PT J AU Sampson, DA Amatya, DM Lawson, CDB Skaggs, RW AF Sampson, D. A. Amatya, D. M. Lawson, C. D. Blanton Skaggs, R. W. TI LEAF AREA INDEX (LAI) OF LOBLOLLY PINE AND EMERGENT VEGETATION FOLLOWING A HARVEST SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Competition; Evapotranspiration; Hydrologic modeling; LAI; Plantation management; Weed control ID INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT; CONTROLLED DRAINAGE; UNITED-STATES; FOREST; STAND; MODEL; PLANTATIONS; HYDROLOGY; GROWTH; DYNAMICS AB Forests provide goods and services to society and, often, refugia for plants and animals; forest managers utilize silviculture to provide ecosystem services and to create habitat. On the Coastal Plain of North Carolina, forest management objectives typically include wood fiber production but may also include the maintenance of environmental quality and, sometimes, species diversity. Silvicultural prescriptions alter stand structure and development trajectories by influencing the competitive interactions among plant species for site resources. Early site intervention may include nutrient additions and/or vegetation control; in coastal loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands, herbaceous and arborescent species can dominate the site leaf area index (LAI) for many years after a harvest (followed by planting). LA] is an important structural and functional component of a forest stand. Many eco-hydrologic and water quality models do not accurately account for LAI as the process driver to evapotranspiration (ET), and thus they ignore the ecophysiological effects of LAI on site water balance and nutrient loading. We measured LAI of emergent vegetation following a harvest, mechanical site preparation, and then pine planting for a drained loblolly pine plantation in coastal North Carolina. For six years monthly, growing season estimates of LAI were obtained using a LI-COR LAI 2000 Plant Canopy Analyzer (PCA) for control (D1), thinned (D3), and harvested (D2) watersheds. In this article, we present results from the D2 treatment. In D2, we "harvested" all emergent vegetation in 18 randomly placed 1 m(2) clip plots for three growing seasons where we estimated LAI using species-pooled estimates of specific leaf area and total leaf dry mass (i.e., LAI(CLIP)); PCA measurements were recorded prior to clipping (LAI(PCA)). We also simulated loblolly pine seedling growth and development using the biogeochemical process model SECRETS-3PG to examine site differentiation in LAI. Four years post-harvest maximum LAI(CLIP) exceeded 8 m(2) m(-2) (projected area basis). LAI(PCA) underestimated LAI(CLIP); LAI(CLIP) = 1.436 X LAI(PCA) (r(2) = 0.53; p < 0.0001; n = 195). Corrected LAI(PCA) estimates exceeded simulated pine LAI (LAI(SIM)) for similar to 4.5 years post-planting. Emergent vegetation dominated the site for nearly five years and likely exerted a strong influence over site water balance and nutrient use during early stand development. C1 [Sampson, D. A.] Arizona State Univ, Global Inst Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Amatya, D. M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Cordesville, SC USA. [Lawson, C. D. Blanton] N Carolina Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Div Water Qual, Fayetteville, NC USA. [Skaggs, R. W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Sampson, DA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Global Inst Sustainabil, 21 E 6th St,Suite 126B, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM david.a.sampson@asu.edu FU National Council for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI), Inc.; Weyerhaeuser Company FX We thank Mr. Cliff Tyson for his expertise and assistance with field work and plant species identification, two anonymous reviewers of an earlier draft of the manuscript, and the three reviews that we received on the final draft. This study was funded by the National Council for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI), Inc., and supported by Weyerhaeuser Company. NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2057 EP 2066 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 879WJ UT WOS:000299363300010 ER PT J AU Rao, LY Sun, G Ford, CR Vose, JM AF Rao, L. Y. Sun, G. Ford, C. R. Vose, J. M. TI MODELING POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION OF TWO FORESTED WATERSHEDS IN THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE FAO-56 grass reference ET; Forest potential evapotranspiration; Hamon equation; Priestley-Taylor equation ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ENERGY-BALANCE; PINE PLANTATION; CLEAR-CUT; EVAPORATION; WETLAND; PRIESTLEY; ECOSYSTEM; FLORIDA; USA AB Global climate change has direct impacts on watershed hydrology through altering evapotranspiration (ET) processes at multiple scales. There are many methods to estimate forest ET with models, but the most practical and the most popular one is the potential ET (PET) based method. However; the choice of PET methods for AET estimation remains challenging. This study explored ways to identify appropriate PET models for two small forested watersheds, one dominated by conifer plantation and one dominated by native naturally regenerated deciduous hardwoods, by using long-term hydrometeorological data collected at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in the humid Appalachians in the southeastern U.S. Our specific objectives were to: (I) contrast three common PET models (FAO-56 grass reference ET Hamon PET, and Priestley-Taylor PET) and compare these PET estimates with measured AET at monthly and annual temporal scales, and (2) derive correction factors for the FAO-56 grass reference ET and Hamon PET models at the monthly scale using the Priestley-Taylor equation as the,standard method for estimating forest PET We found that different PET models gave significantly different PET estimates. The Priestley-Taylor equation gave the most reasonable estimates of forest PET for both watersheds. We conclude that the uncorrected Hamon and FAO PET methods would cause large underestimates of forest PET Annual PET rates of the conifer watershed were higher than those of the native deciduous watershed due to the lower albedo (thus higher net radiation) in the former compared to the latter. Monthly correction factors provided useful tools for forest PET estimation in those areas lacking climatic data (i.e., radiation, humidity, and wind speed). C1 [Sun, G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Rao, L. Y.] Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Soil & Water Conservat, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Ford, C. R.; Vose, J. M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, 920 Main Campus Dr,Suite 300, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM gesun@ncsu.edu FU Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [TD2011-03]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30500389]; China Scholarship Council FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. TD2011-03) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30500389) and the China Scholarship Council for the senior author's visit to the Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service. NR 64 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2067 EP 2078 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 879WJ UT WOS:000299363300011 ER PT J AU Amatya, DM Skaggs, RW AF Amatya, D. M. Skaggs, R. W. TI LONG-TERM HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY OF A DRAINED PINE PLANTATION IN NORTH CAROLINA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Evapotranspiration; Nutrient concentration; Nutrient loading; Outflow; Potential evapotranspiration; Rainfall; Runoff coefficient; Water table ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF RELATIONSHIPS; COASTAL-PLAIN; UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; FORESTS; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; MANAGEMENT; BALANCE; MODEL; TABLE AB Long-term data provide a basis for understanding natural variability, reducing uncertainty in model inputs and parameter estimation, and developing new hypotheses. This article evaluates 21 years (1988-2008) of hydrologic data and 17 years (1988-2005) of water quality data from a drained pine plantation in eastern North Carolina. The plantation age was 14 years at the beginning of the investigation (1988) and 34 years at the end (2008). The 21-year average rainfall of 1517 mm was 9% higher than the 50-year (1951-2000) long-term average of 1391 mm observed at the nearest U.S. Weather Bureau station in Morehead City, North Carolina. Annual rainfall varied from 852 mm in the driest year (2001) to 2331 mm in the wettest year (2003) during the study period and was affected by several hurricanes and tropical storms. The runoff coefficient (ROC; drainage outflow expressed as a fraction of rainfall) varied from 0.05 in the driest year to as high as 0.56 in the wettest year (2003), with an average ROC of 0.32. Annual outflow (runoff) on this watershed was primarily subsurface flow to drainage ditches and was strongly correlated with rainfall (R-2 = 0.81). Outflows were greater, more continuous, and longer in winter than in other seasons. Outflow in winter was 59% of rainfall on average. March was the only month that never produced zero outflow. The lowest mean outflow occurred in the spring and was significantly different from the other three seasons. Consistent with theory for subsurface drainage, outflow from this poorly drained land is dependent on water table elevation and occurs when the water table is within about 1.1 m of the surface. The water table tended to be close to the surface during the winter and early spring with low ET demands, and during summer with hurricanes and tropical storms producing large outflows, but was drawn down to depths much deeper than the drains during long dry periods in summer and fall. As a result, annual outflow and annual average water table depth were only weakly correlated (R-2 = 0.52). There was no relationship (R-2 = 0.01) between the annual average water table depth and the annual average evapotranspiration (ET), calculated as the difference between annual rainfall and outflow. The estimated average annual ET of 1005 mm was close to the Penman-Monteith based average annual potential ET (PET) of 1010 mm for a grass reference. Although nitrogen (N) levels in the drainage water were elevated after fertilization of the stand in late 1988, these elevated levels declined substantially by 1995. Average annual concentrations of total N ranged from 0.51 to 2.23 mg L-1 with a long-term average of 1.10 mg L-1. Annual average values for total P ranged from 0.01 to 0.12 mg L-1 with an average of 0.04 mg L-1. The highest average annual concentrations for N and P occurred in 1989 (AT) and 1990 (P) following fertilization in spring of 1989. The average annual total N and P loadings were 6.5 +/- 5.3 kg ha(-1) and 0.17 +/- 0.11 kg ha(-1), respectively. Both concentrations and annual loadings were similar to other forested sites in the region. These long-term data should be useful for assessing the effects of land use change and management treatments on the hydrology and water quality of similar lands in the coastal region. C1 [Amatya, D. M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Cordesville, SC 29434 USA. [Skaggs, R. W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Amatya, DM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, 3734 Highway 402, Cordesville, SC 29434 USA. EM damatya@fs.fed.us FU North Carolina State University; U.S. Forest Service Southern Research Station; National Council of Industries for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI), Inc.; Weyerhaeuser Company FX This study was supported by North Carolina State University, the U.S. Forest Service Southern Research Station, the National Council of Industries for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI), Inc., and Weyerhaeuser Company. The data were collected under a cooperative agreement between North Carolina State University and Weyerhaeuser Company. The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of Dr. Wendell J. Gilliam, Dr. George M. Chescheir, and Wilson Huntley at North Carolina State University for their various levels of support, and Weyerhaeuser personnel Sandra McCandless, Cliff Tyson, Jami Nettles, and Joe Bergman, and Joe Hughes for providing necessary support for field data collection and processing. The authors also would like to thank Scott Harder, David Joyner, Bray Beltran, and Ryan Bollinger, all former graduate students at the College of Charleston, South Carolina, for helping process the data at various levels. NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2087 EP 2098 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 879WJ UT WOS:000299363300013 ER PT J AU Kolka, RK Palik, BJ Tersteeg, DP Bell, JC AF Kolka, R. K. Palik, B. J. Tersteeg, D. P. Bell, J. C. TI EFFECTS OF RIPARIAN BUFFERS ON HYDROLOGY OF NORTHERN SEASONAL PONDS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Best management practices; Forest management; Water table; Wetlands ID VERNAL POOL HYDROLOGY; FORESTED LANDSCAPES; UNITED-STATES; HYDROPERIOD; MINNESOTA; USA; IMPACTS; STAND AB Although seasonal ponds are common in northern, glaciated, forested landscapes, forest management guidelines are generally lacking for these systems. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of riparian buffer type on seasonal pond hydrology following harvest of the adjacent upland forest. A replicated block design consisting of four buffer treatments was established in north central Minnesota in 2000. Treatments included an uncut control (i.e., the upland and buffer were uncut) and three treatments in which the upland was clearcut but the buffer was either uncut, partially harvested, or clearcut. Hydrologic characteristics were examined for differences among buffer treatments. One year of pre-harvest data was collected followed by five years of post-harvest data. Regression analysis of water levels indicated that all buffer treatments had significantly higher pond water depth than the uncut control for four years following harvests. The fifth year following harvests showed no difference in water depth between buffer treatments and the uncut control. In the first post-treatment year the clearcut buffer treatment had the highest mean annual water depth of the three buffer treatments. Changes in evapotranspiration and runoff due to altering upland and riparian vegetation are considered key factors in explaining these hydrological responses. The results of this study indicate that upland harvesting increases water tables in seasonal ponds, and it takes about five years before water tables are similar to predisturbance levels. Our results also suggest that the amount of vegetation harvested within a riparian buffer affects the hydrologic response, especially in the first year following harvest. C1 [Kolka, R. K.; Palik, B. J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Tersteeg, D. P.] Bonestroo Consulting, St Paul, MN USA. [Bell, J. C.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Food Agr & Nat Resource Sci, Acad Programs, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bell, J. C.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Food Agr & Nat Resource Sci, Fac Affairs, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kolka, RK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM rkolka@fs.fed.us NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2111 EP 2116 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 879WJ UT WOS:000299363300015 ER PT J AU Caldwell, PV Vepraskas, MJ Gregory, JD Skaggs, RW Huffman, RL AF Caldwell, P. V. Vepraskas, M. J. Gregory, J. D. Skaggs, R. W. Huffman, R. L. TI LINKING PLANT ECOLOGY AND LONG-TERM HYDROLOGY TO IMPROVE WETLAND RESTORATION SUCCESS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Carolina Bay; Hydrologic modeling; Hydrology; Hydroperiod; Plant community; Wetland ID VEGETATION; LANDSCAPE; DRAINAGE; MODEL; CAROLINA; ROOT AB Although millions of dollars are spent restoring wetlands, failures are common, in part because the planted vegetation cannot survive in the restored hydrology. Wetland restoration would be more successful if the hydrologic requirements of wetland plant communities were known so that the most appropriate plants could be selected for the range of projected hydrology at the site. Here we describe how hydrologic models can be used to characterize the long-term hydrology of wetland plant communities, and we show how these results can be used to define wetland design criteria. In our study, we quantified differences in long-term (40-year) hydrologic characteristics of the pond pine woodland (PPW), nonriverine swamp forest (NRSF), high pocosin (HP), and bay forest (BF) plant communities native to the North Carolina Coastal Plain. We found that the median water level was 8 cm below the land surface in PPW and 9, 2, and 8 cm above the land surface for NRSF, HP, and BF, respectively. When the land surface was inundated, the median duration of inundation was 91 d year(-1) for PPW and 317, 243, and 307 d year(-1) for NRSF, HP, and BF, respectively. Our models suggested that the PPW received an average of 15% of its water input from groundwater inflow, whereas the other communities we modeled did not appear to receive groundwater inflow. Using these results and soil organic layer thickness, we developed and propose design criteria linking soil, vegetation, and hydrology parameters that should contribute to improved restoration success. C1 [Caldwell, P. V.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Vepraskas, M. J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Gregory, J. D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Skaggs, R. W.; Huffman, R. L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Caldwell, PV (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, 920 Main Campus Dr,Suite 300, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM peter_caldwell@ncsu.edu FU North Carolina Department of Transportation [HWY-2004-19] FX Funding for this research was provided by the North Carolina Department of Transportation (Research Project No. HWY-2004-19) and is gratefully appreciated. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2129 EP 2137 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 879WJ UT WOS:000299363300017 ER PT J AU Skaggs, RW Phillips, BD Chescheir, GM Trettin, CC AF Skaggs, R. W. Phillips, B. D. Chescheir, G. M. Trettin, C. C. TI EFFECT OF MINOR DRAINAGE ON HYDROLOGY OF FORESTED WETLANDS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Drainage; Minor drainage; Silviculture; Wetland forests; Wetland hydrology ID PREDICTING NITROGEN LOSSES; WATER MANAGEMENT MODEL; FIELD-EVALUATION; SOIL; DRAINMOD; CAROLINA; DITCH AB Results of a simulation study to determine the impacts of minor drainage for silviculture on wetland hydrology are presented in this article. Long-term DRAINMOD simulations were conducted to determine the threshold drainage intensity (ditch depth and spacing) that removes wetland hydrology from forested wetlands. Analyses were conducted for 13 soil series and profile combinations at ten locations from Norfolk, Virginia, to Baton Rouge, Louisiana, in the Atlantic and Gulf coastal states. Threshold ditch spacings (L-T) were obtained for five ditch depths for all combinations of soil profiles and locations. Analysis of the results showed that L-T can be approximated as L-T = C root T where T is the horizontal hydraulic transmissivity of the soil profile, and C is a coefficient dependent on ditch depth and geographic location. The C values for all combinations of ditch depth and location are given in this article. The threshold spacings can be used as benchmarks to directly evaluate the impact of drainage alternatives on wetland hydrology. They were also used herein to determine T-25 inputs for previously developed methods to predict the lateral impact of a single ditch on wetland hydrology. Lateral impacts were determined and presented for a 0.9 m (3 ft) deep drainage ditch for all soils and locations considered. The T-25 values presented can be used to determine lateral impacts for other ditch depths and soils. The analyses in this study were conducted for a surface depressional storage of 5 cm. More work is needed to define T-25 values for smaller surface storages, including those smaller values needed for application to agricultural cropland. C1 [Skaggs, R. W.; Phillips, B. D.; Chescheir, G. M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Trettin, C. C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forested Wetland Res, Cordesville, SC USA. RP Skaggs, RW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM wayne_skaggs@ncsu.edu FU Center for Forested Wetlands Research; Southern Research Station; U.S. Forest Service; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This work was supported through a cooperative agreement with the Center for Forested Wetlands Research, Southern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, with funds provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. We appreciate the comments of three anonymous reviewers who helped to improve the manuscript. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2139 EP 2149 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 879WJ UT WOS:000299363300018 ER PT J AU Amatya, DM Jha, MK AF Amatya, D. M. Jha, M. K. TI EVALUATING THE SWAT MODEL FOR A LOW-GRADIENT FORESTED WATERSHED IN COASTAL SOUTH CAROLINA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Baseflow; Evapotranspiration; Poorly drained soils; Rainfall variability; Santee Experimental Forest; Streamflow; Water balance; Water table ID DECISION-SUPPORT-SYSTEM; WEB-BASED GIS; ASSESSMENT-TOOL; PARAMETER SENSITIVITY; CURVE NUMBER; TABLE DEPTH; PLAIN; STREAMFLOW; SOIL; UNCERTAINTY AB Modeling the hydrology of low-gradient forested watersheds on shallow, poorly drained soils of the coastal plain is a challenging task due to complexities in watershed delineation, microtopography, evapotranspiration, runoff generation processes and pathways including flooding and submergence caused by tropical storms, and complexity of vegetation species. The main objective of this study was to calibrate and validate the GIS-based spatially distributed hydrologic model SWAT for the 72.6 km(2) low-gradient, third-order Turkey Creek watershed within the Francis Marion National Forest in the South Carolina Coastal Plain. Model calibration used GIS spatial data of the watershed and 2.75 years (2005-2007) of streamflow and climate data, and the model was validated with 2.5 years (2008-2010) of data. Based on limited field measurements, results showed that the SWAT model with an improved one-parameter "depletion coefficient" for plant evapotranspiration in the SCS curve number (CN) estimate can predict the daily and monthly streamflow processes of this watershed reasonably well and better than the CN method. The model performance was "good" (E = 0.68; RSR = 0.56) to "very good" (E = 0.90; RSR = 0.31) for the monthly calibration and validation periods but only "satisfactory" (E = 0.59; RSR = 0.64) to "good" (E = 0.70; RSR = 0.55) for the daily calibration and validation periods. Better predictions were found for the validation period that included two wetter years than the calibration with two drier years. The model's predictions of the zero or near-zero flow days of summer were also in agreement with the measurements for 60% of the time. However, it was concluded that the refined SWAT model was still unable to accurately capture the flow dynamics of this forest ecosystem with shallow, high water table soils for events preceded by wet saturated conditions during the dry summer and wet winter periods, warranting further investigations on these forest systems. The five-year average annual runoff coefficient of 19% with a baseflow amount of 27%, on average, of the runoff (streamflow) and ET of 987 mm predicted by the model were found reasonable compared to the estimated values and other published data for the region. Further improvements in estimates of forest potential evapotranspiration, rainfall spatial variability, and antecedent moisture as a function of water table should reduce uncertainties in flow predictions, allowing the model to be used in hydrologic impact assessments of land use change, land management practices, and climate change in coastal landscapes. C1 [Amatya, D. M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Cordesville, SC 29434 USA. [Jha, M. K.] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Greensboro, NC USA. RP Amatya, DM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, 3734 Highway 402, Cordesville, SC 29434 USA. EM damatya@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Forest Service Southern Research Station as a part of the Turkey Creek Watershed Research Initiative; Francis Marion National Forest, Witherbee, South Carolina FX This study is supported by the U.S. Forest Service Southern Research Station as a part of the Turkey Creek Watershed Research Initiative. The authors would like to acknowledge the USGS office staff in Columbia, South Carolina, for rain and flow data collection at the gauging station (http://water-ata.usgs.gov/sc/nwis/uv?site_no=02172035); Beth Haley and Ileana La Torre Torres, former graduate students, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, for providing the GIS spatial data, stream/tributary information, and other watershed spatial data; Andy Harrison, hydrologic technician at the U.S. Forest Service Center for Forested Wetlands Research (CFWR) in Cordesville, South Carolina, for helping with hydrologic data collection and processing; and Amy Edwards, former hydrologic technician with CFWR and now graduate student at Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, for updating the database for Arc View-SWAT. Dr. Tim Callahan and Dr. Norm Levine, both associate professors at College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, Dr. Artur Radecki-Pawlik, Professor at Agricultural University of Krakow, Poland, and the staff at Francis Marion National Forest, Witherbee, South Carolina, are also acknowledged for their support of the study with data. Last but not least, thanks are also due to Dr. Carl Trettin, team leader at the U.S. Forest Service Center for Forested Wetlands Research, South Carolina; William Hansen, forest hydrologist at the U.S. Forest Service Francis Marion and Sumter National Forests, Columbia, South Carolina; and Gary Kuhlmann, Technical Editor, U.S. Forest Service Southern Research Station, Asheville, North Carolina, for providing valuable inputs, suggestions, and edits for the manuscript. NR 61 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2151 EP 2163 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 879WJ UT WOS:000299363300019 ER PT J AU Sexton, AM Shirmohammadi, A Sadeghi, AM Montas, HJ AF Sexton, A. M. Shirmohammadi, A. Sadeghi, A. M. Montas, H. J. TI A STOCHASTIC METHOD TO CHARACTERIZE MODEL UNCERTAINTY FOR A NUTRIENT TMDL SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Calibration; Modeling; MFORM; MOS; SWAT; TMDL; Uncertainty ID NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION; PIEDMONT PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGION; WATER-QUALITY; PARAMETER UNCERTAINTY; PROBABILISTIC APPROACH; RIVER-BASIN; SWAT MODEL; SEDIMENT; CALIBRATION; PHOSPHORUS AB The U.S. EPA's Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) program has encountered hindrances in its implementation partly because of its strong dependence on mathematical models to set limitations on the release of impairing substances. The uncertainty associated with predictions of such models is often not scientifically quantified and typically assigned as an arbitrary margin of safety (MOS.) in the TMDL allocation. The Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was evaluated to determine its applicability to. identify the impairment status and tabulate a nutrient TMDL for a waterbody located in the Piedmont physiographic region of Maryland. The methodology for tabulating the nutrient TMDL is an enhancement over current methods used in Maryland. The mean-value first-order reliability method (MFORM) was paired with a stochastic approach to tabulate a science-based estimate of model uncertainty and MOS for the TMDL approach. Monthly streamflow estimates were quite good, with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) coefficients of 0.75 and 0.70 for the calibration and validation phases, respectively. Sediment and nutrients were not estimated as well as streamflow on a monthly basis; however, large improvements in model estimation were observed on an annual time scale. MOS was determined based on the desired level of confidence in meeting the water quality standard. The water quality standard was met at 20% nitrate reduction (9.9 kg N d(-1)) with a 37.5% level of confidence. The water quality goal was met by a 30% reduction in nitrate load (8.6 kg N d(-1)), in which case there was a 75% chance of meeting the water quality standard. Therefore, the MOS load (the difference between the standard and the goal) was 1.3 kg N d(-1) or 10% of the baseline load. These results indicate that SWAT is a suitable model for use in TMDL assessments of impaired water bodies, especially assessments based on long-term simulations. In addition, the stochastic method used to quantify MOS for a nitrate TMDL is an improvement over current methods because it provides a formal, scientifically derived measure of model uncertainty. C1 [Sexton, A. M.; Shirmohammadi, A.; Montas, H. J.] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sexton, A. M.; Sadeghi, A. M.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Shirmohammadi, A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sexton, AM (reprint author), US EPA, 290 Broadway, New York, NY 10007 USA. EM Aisha.Sexton@gmail.com NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2197 EP 2207 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 879WJ UT WOS:000299363300023 ER PT J AU Ibekwe, AM Lesch, SM Bold, RM Leddy, MB Graves, AK AF Ibekwe, A. M. Lesch, S. M. Bold, R. M. Leddy, M. B. Graves, A. K. TI VARIATIONS OF INDICATOR BACTERIA IN A LARGE URBAN WATERSHED SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Bacteria; Contamination; E. coli; Enterococci; Fecal coliform; Wastewater treatment plants ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FECAL POLLUTION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SURFACE-WATER; IDENTIFICATION; CONTAMINATION; ENTEROCOCCI; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; QUALITY AB The contamination of water resources by nonpoint-source fecal pollution is a major concern to human health and water quality throughout the world. The Santa Ana River (SAR) in southern California is an impaired stream with historically high fecal coliform counts. This study evaluated the presence of indicator bacteria at 13 sites in the middle Santa Ana River watershed (MSAR). The objectives of this study were to.. (1) examine spatial and temporal characteristics of fecal bacteria loading during dry weather (low or baseline) flow, wet weather (storm) flow, and recessional flow (72 h after storm) along two creeks, at two wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) outlets, and at a control site in the MSAR; and (2) determine how the various sampling locations affected indicator bacteria concentrations in the watershed. Total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), E. coli, enterococci, and total bacterial concentrations were characterized at 13 locations in the watershed over a two-year period. Analysis of covariance (ANOCOVA) was used to test each specific set of bacteria counts, site effects, water flow conditions, and the four water quality covariate effects. Our results showed that the control site (S1) and WWTP estimates always showed significantly lower indicator bacteria than the channels influenced by urban runoff and agricultural activities. The water flow effects indicated that the recessional flow transported significantly lower bacterial counts into the watershed than either the dry weather flow or the storm or wet weather flow. In addition, bacterial count estimates changed far more significantly across different sites in comparison to estimates across seasons or time. These results imply that total TC, FC, E. coli, and enterococci bacterial counts in the MSAR watershed were strongly influenced by spatial location effects, with contamination due to local agricultural and/or urban runoff in contrast to elevated upstream contamination and/or discharge contamination associated with the two WWTPs. Therefore, this study has provided data for evaluation of the Santa Ana River watershed's total maximum daily load (TMDL) management plans that could also be applicable to other large watersheds with different nonpoint-source pollutants. C1 [Ibekwe, A. M.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Lesch, S. M.] Riverside Publ Util, Resources Div, Riverside, CA USA. [Bold, R. M.; Leddy, M. B.] Orange Cty Water Dist, Fountain Valley, CA USA. [Graves, A. K.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Ibekwe, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Mark.Ibekwe@ars.usda.gov FU State Water Resources Control Board; Inland Empire Utilities Agency; Orange County Water District; USDA-ARS FX We wish to express our appreciation to Pamela Watt, Greg Woodside, Nira Yamachika, Gary Hackney, and Bill Rice for their technical assistance and generous support during this study. The study was made possible in part by the financial support of a Proposition 13 Grant from the State Water Resources Control Board Nonpoint-Source Pollution Control Programs, the Inland Empire Utilities Agency, and the Orange County Water District. This research was also supported in part by the 206 Manure and Byproduct Utilization Project of the USDA-ARS. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2227 EP 2236 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 879WJ UT WOS:000299363300026 ER PT J AU Windham, WR Poole, GH Park, B Heitschmidt, G Hawkins, SA Albano, JP Gottwald, TR Lawrence, KC AF Windham, W. R. Poole, G. H. Park, B. Heitschmidt, G. Hawkins, S. A. Albano, J. P. Gottwald, T. R. Lawrence, K. C. TI RAPID SCREENING OF HUANGLONGBING-INFECTED CITRUS LEAVES BY NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Chemometrics; Citrus greening disease; HLB; Huanglongbing; Visible/NIR spectroscopy ID REAL-TIME PCR; DIAGNOSIS AB The citrus disease Huanglongbing (HLB, or citrus greening), is one of the more serious diseases of citrus. An infected tree produces fruit that is unsuitable for sale as fresh fruit or for juice. The only definitive method to diagnose trees suspected of infection by citrus greening pathogens is by analysis of DNA, which is costly and time consuming. Near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy may have the potential to detect HLB positive leaves. In this study, the primary differences in the visible spectra between HLB positive and negative leaves were the peaks associated with chlorophyll absorption, which decreased for the infected leaves. The NIR region of the spectra of HLB positive leaves revealed differences in carbohydrates and cuticle waxes, indicating that a change occurred in the amount, type, or structure of these chemical components. Partial least squares regression models were developed with 381 leaves from trees that were visually HLB positive or HLB negative with other known citrus disease and nutrient deficiencies. The models had an overall accuracy for true HLB positive and negative leaves ranging from 92% to 99% and a false rate of 1% to 8%. C1 [Windham, W. R.; Park, B.; Heitschmidt, G.; Hawkins, S. A.; Lawrence, K. C.] USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Poole, G. H.; Albano, J. P.; Gottwald, T. R.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP Windham, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd,POB 5677, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Bob.windham@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2253 EP 2258 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 879WJ UT WOS:000299363300029 ER PT J AU Gonzales, HB Maghirang, RG Wilson, JD Razote, EB Guo, L AF Gonzales, H. B. Maghirang, R. G. Wilson, J. D. Razote, E. B. Guo, L. TI MEASURING CATTLE FEEDLOT DUST USING LASER DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Cattle feedlot; Geometric mean diameter; Laser diffraction; Particle size distribution ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES CITIES; MORTALITY; EMISSIONS AB Considerable amounts of particulate matter (PM), including total suspended particulates (TSP), particulates with equivalent aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 mu m (PM10), and particulates with equivalent aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 mu m (PM2.5), are emitted from large beef cattle feedlots. Particle size distribution and concentrations of TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 at a commercial cattle feedlot in Kansas were measured over a two-year period. The feedlot had a capacity of 30,000 head with a total pen area of 50 ha and was equipped with a sprinkler system for dust control. Collocated low-volume samplers for TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 were used to measure concentrations of TSP, PM to, and PM2.5 at the upwind and downwind edges of the feedlot. A laser diffraction (LD) analyzer (Beckman Coulter LS 13 320) was utilized to determine the particle size distribution of dust samples collected by TSP samplers. A micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) was also used to measure particle size distribution at the downwind edge of the feedlot. Considering the same effective size range, the LD analyzer and MOUDI did not differ significantly in mean geometric mean diameter (GMD) (11.6 vs. 13.0 mu m) and in mean geometric standard deviation (2.3 vs. 2.3). Wind speed and period of sampling significantly affected the mean GMD of the particles. The PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations that were calculated from the LD method and TSP data were not significantly different from those measured by low-volume PM10 and PM2.5 samplers (122 vs. 131 mu g m(-3) for PM10 and 26 vs. 35 mu g m(-3) for PM2.5). Both PM10 and PM2.5 fractions decreased as pen surface water content increased, but the PM2.5/PM10 ratio showed little change as pen surface water content increased. C1 [Gonzales, H. B.; Maghirang, R. G.; Razote, E. B.; Guo, L.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Wilson, J. D.] USDA ARS, Grain Qual & Struct Res Unit, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Maghirang, RG (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 129 Seaton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM rmaghir@k-state.edu FU USDA-NIFA through the Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center; USDA-NIFA [2007-35112-17853] FX This project was supported by a USDA-NIFA Special Research Grant ("Air quality: Reducing air emissions from cattle feedlots and dairies, TX and KS") through the Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center, by USDA-NIFA Grant No. 2007-35112-17853 ("Impact of water sprinkler systems on air quality in cattle feedlots"), and by K-State Research and Extension. Cooperation of KLA Environmental Services and the feedlot manager/operator is acknowledged. Technical assistance provided by Josephine Boac, Rhett Kaufman, and Henry Bonifacio is also acknowledged. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2319 EP 2327 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 879WJ UT WOS:000299363300036 ER PT J AU Qin, J Burks, TF Zhao, X Niphadkar, N Ritenour, MA AF Qin, J. Burks, T. F. Zhao, X. Niphadkar, N. Ritenour, M. A. TI MULTISPECTRAL DETECTION OF CITRUS CANKER USING HYPERSPECTRAL BAND SELECTION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Band selection; Citrus canker; Disease detection; Image classification; Multispectral imaging ID FECAL CONTAMINATION; POULTRY CARCASSES; VISION; SYSTEM; IDENTIFICATION; FLORIDA AB The citrus industry has need for effective and efficient approaches to remove fruits with canker before they are shipped to selective international markets. This research was aimed to develop a nudtispectral method to inspect citrus canker based on band selections of the hyperspectral image data. A total of 960 Ruby Red grapefruits with normal surface, canker; and five common peel diseases including greasy spot, insect damage, melanose, scab, and wind scar were collected during a seven-month harvest period. Hyperspectral reflectance images were acquired in the spectral region of 450 to 930 nm. Correlation analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used for hyperspectral band selections. The canker detection capabilities of the selected bands were evaluated and compared based on the classifications of the pixels in the selected regions of interest (ROIs) of all the peel conditions. A two-band ratio using wavelengths of 729 and 834 nun selected by CA (R834/R729) gave the best overall classification accuracy (95.1%) for the ROI pixel classification, while the highest accuracy using the PCA-selected bands (R907/R718) was 93.1%. CA band selection outperformed PCA in terms of classification performance owing to its supervised nature. The accuracies for three-band and four-band ratios formed by a sequential forward CA selection approach were lower than that of the two-band ratio. Based on the ratio of R834/R729, algorithms for multispectral image processing and classification were developed to differentiate canker from other peel conditions. The overall classification accuracy on a sample basis was 95.7%. The two-band ratio images have great potential to be adopted by a multispectral imaging system for real-time citrus canker detection. C1 [Qin, J.; Burks, T. F.; Zhao, X.; Niphadkar, N.] Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. [Ritenour, M. A.] Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP Qin, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Bldg 303,BARC East,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jianwei.qin@ars.usda.gov FU Florida Fresh Packer Association; USDA FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Florida Fresh Packer Association and USDA Technical Assistance for Specialty Crops. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Moon Kim and Dr. Kuanglin Chao, USDA-ARS Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, and Mr. Mike Zingaro and Mr. Greg Pugh, University of Florida, for their help in building the hyperspectral imaging system. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2331 EP 2341 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 879WJ UT WOS:000299363300037 ER PT J AU Ramseyer, DD Bettge, AD Morris, CF AF Ramseyer, Daniel D. Bettge, Arthur D. Morris, Craig F. TI Flour Mill Stream Blending Affects Sugar Snap Cookie and Japanese Sponge Cake Quality and Oxidative Cross-Linking Potential of Soft White Wheat SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE arabinoxylans; cake; cookie; milling; wheat ID END-USE QUALITY; PARTICLE-SIZE; BATTER VISCOSITY; KERNEL HARDNESS; DAMAGED STARCH; FERULIC ACID; PENTOSANS; PROTEIN; DOUGH; CULTIVAR AB The purpose of this research was to study the functional differences between straight grade (75% extraction rate) and patent (60% extraction rate) flour blends from 28 genetically pure soft white and club wheat grain lots, as evidenced by variation in sugar snap cookie and Japanese sponge cake quality. Functional differences were examined relative to arabinoxylan content, protein content, and oxidative cross-linking potential of flour slurries. Oxidative cross-linking measurements were obtained on flour slurries with a low shear Bostwick consistometer and considered endogenous oxidative cross-linking potential (water alone) or enhanced oxidative cross-linking potential (with added hydrogen peroxide-peroxidase). A 2-way ANOVA indicated that flour blend was the greater source of variation compared to grain lot for all response variables except water-extractable arabinoxylan content. Patent flours produced larger sugar snap cookies and Japanese sponge cakes, and contained significantly less total and water-unextractable arabinoxylans, protein, and ash than did straight grade flours. Patent flours produced more viscous slurries for endogenous and enhanced cross-linking measurements compared to the straight grade flours. The functional differences between patent and straight grade flours appear to be related to the particular mill streams that were utilized in the formulation of the 2 flour blends and compositional differences among those streams. C1 [Morris, Craig F.] Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Western Wheat Qual Lab,Sch Food Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Bettge, Arthur D.] ADB Wheat Consulting, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Western Wheat Qual Lab,Sch Food Sci, E-202 Food Qual Bldg, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM morrisc@wsu.edu NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 76 IS 9 BP C1300 EP C1306 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02404.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 853WS UT WOS:000297457000045 PM 22416692 ER PT J AU Juneja, A Kumar, D Williams, JD Wysocki, DJ Murthy, GS AF Juneja, Ankita Kumar, Deepak Williams, John D. Wysocki, Donald J. Murthy, Ganti S. TI Potential for ethanol production from conservation reserve program lands in Oregon SO JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article ID PRETREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES; LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS; CORN STOVER; HYDROLYSIS; SWITCHGRASS; BIOMASS AB Increase in energy demand has led towards considering lignocellulosic feedstocks as potential for ethanol production. Aim of this study was to estimate the potential of grass straws from conservation reserve program (CRP) lands as feedstocks for ethanol production. The CRP was initiated to ensure reduction in soil erosion with a concomitant improvement in water quality and aquatic habitats. Species and abundance of various grasses in CRP sites can vary substantially. Ethanol yield from biomass is directly correlated to sugar content among other factors. It therefore becomes important to study the variability in the biomass composition from different CRP sites to reliably estimate biofuel production potential. Grass samples were collected from five fields contracted to CRP in Umatilla County in Northeastern Oregon. Composition of these samples was experimentally determined and was statistically verified to be similar for most of the sites. Sugar content was highest (60.70%) and statistically different for only one site (CRA 8.2). Our results suggest that biomass harvested from different sites did not significantly vary in terms of their chemical composition and therefore could be used in a single integrated process to produce bioethanol. Total potential ethanol yield from various CRP lands in Oregon, assuming a 10 yr harvesting frequency, was estimated to be 40 x 10(6) 1 of ethanol (28.5-53.7 x 10(6) 1/yr) with current management practices subject to other constraints. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3658399] C1 [Juneja, Ankita; Kumar, Deepak; Murthy, Ganti S.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Williams, John D.] USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Wysocki, Donald J.] Oregon State Univ, Columbia Basin Agr Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. RP Juneja, A (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RI Murthy, Ganti /P-5272-2015 FU Western Sun Grant Center; Oregon State University; USDA-ARS FX We would like to thank Larry Coppock (Coppock and Associates, Adams, OR) for coordinating and conducting the plant material harvest and identifying sample locations with Kent Willett (USDA-FSA, Pendleton, OR). This research was funded by Western Sun Grant Center, Oregon State University, and USDA-ARS base funding through national programs Agricultural System Competitiveness and Sustainability and Climate Change, Soils, and Emissions. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1941-7012 J9 J RENEW SUSTAIN ENER JI J. Renew. Sustain. Energy PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 3 IS 6 AR 063102 DI 10.1063/1.3658399 PG 8 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA 870AO UT WOS:000298641700004 ER PT J AU Zeri, M Anderson-Teixeira, K Hickman, G Masters, M DeLucia, E Bernacchi, CJ AF Zeri, Marcelo Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina Hickman, George Masters, Michael DeLucia, Evan Bernacchi, Carl J. TI Carbon exchange by establishing biofuel crops in Central Illinois SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Biofuels; Maize; Miscanthus; Switchgrass; Prairie; Carbon balance; Eddy covariance ID ENERGY-BALANCE CLOSURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AREA INDEX; FLUX; SWITCHGRASS; MISCANTHUS; BIOENERGY; TEMPERATURE; WATER; RESPIRATION AB Perennial grass biofuels may contribute to long-term carbon sequestration in soils, thereby providing a broad range of environmental benefits. To quantify those benefits, the carbon balance was investigated over three perennial grass biofuel crops - miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and a mixture of native prairie plants - and a row crop control (maize-maize-soy) in Central Illinois, USA, during the establishment phase of the perennial grasses (2008-2011). The eddy covariance technique was used to calculate fluxes of carbon dioxide and energy balance components, such as latent and sensible heat fluxes. Whereas maize attained the highest maximal carbon uptake rates, the perennial grasses had significantly extended growing seasons, such that their total carbon uptake rivaled that of corn in the second growing season and greatly exceeded that of soy in the third growing season. To account for the removal of carbon through harvest, net ecosystem exchange of carbon (NEE) was combined with estimates of yields, resulting in the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB). After 2.5 years, NECB for the maize/soybean plot was positive (a source of carbon), while the grasses were a sink of carbon. Continuous measurements over the next years are required in order to confirm whether miscanthus, switchgrass and prairie can sustain a long-term sink of carbon if managed for biofuels, i.e., if harvested annually. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zeri, Marcelo] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Ctr Ciencia Sistema Terr, Cachoeira Paulista, SP, Brazil. [Zeri, Marcelo; Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina; Hickman, George; Masters, Michael; DeLucia, Evan; Bernacchi, Carl J.] Univ Illinois, Energy Biosci Inst, Urbana, IL USA. [DeLucia, Evan; Bernacchi, Carl J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL USA. [DeLucia, Evan] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL USA. [Bernacchi, Carl J.] ARS, Global Change & Photosynth Res Unit, USDA, Urbana, IL USA. RP Zeri, M (reprint author), Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Ctr Ciencia Sistema Terr, BR-12630000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM marcelo.zeri@inpe.br RI Zeri, Marcelo/B-7701-2008; OI Zeri, Marcelo/0000-0003-1244-0858; Bernacchi, Carl/0000-0002-2397-425X FU Energy Biosciences Institute FX Climate data provided by the Illinois State Water Survey (ISWS) located in Champaign. Peoria, and Carbondale, Illinois, and on the web at www.isws.illinois.edu. The authors are grateful to several people that helped with fieldwork: Christina Burke, Sarah Campbell, David Drag, Andy VanLoocke, Micah Sweeney, Chris Novotny, Owen Cofie, James Lee, Bradley Danner, Nicholas DeLucia, Michael DeLucia, Jeremy Pillow, Lauren Segal, and Abhishek Pal. We are also grateful to the Energy Farm crew: Tim Mies, Chris Rudisill, Drew Schlumpf and Emily Doherty. We thank Dr. Saber Miresmailli for the preparation of Table 1. This work was funded by the Energy Biosciences Institute. NR 46 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 5 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 144 IS 1 BP 319 EP 329 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2011.09.006 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 873QN UT WOS:000298898200034 ER PT J AU Wall, GW Garcia, RL Wechsung, F Kimball, BA AF Wall, Gerard W. Garcia, Richard L. Wechsung, Frank Kimball, Bruce A. TI Elevated atmospheric CO2 and drought effects on leaf gas exchange properties of barley SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; Free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE); Global climate change; Growth; Net assimilation rate; Stomatal conductance; Water relations ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; SOIL-NITROGEN REGIMES; PLANT WATER RELATIONS; SPRING-WHEAT; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; PRIMARY LEAVES; WINTER-WHEAT; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCLIMATION; OSMOREGULATION GENE; APICAL DEVELOPMENT AB Atmospheric CO2 concentration (C-a) is rising, predicted to cause global warming, and alter precipitation patterns. During 1994, spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L cv. Alexis) was grown in a strip-split-plot experimental design to determine the effects that the main plot C-a treatments [A: Ambient at 370 mu mol (CO2) mol(-1); E: Enriched with free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) at similar to 550 mu mol (CO2) mol(-1)] had on several gas exchange properties of fully expanded sunlit primary leaves. The interacting strip-split-plot irrigation treatments were Dry or Wet [50% (D) or 100% (W) replacement of potential evapotranspiration] at ample nitrogen (261 kg N ha(-1)) and phosphorous (29 kg P ha(-1)) fertility. Elevated C-a facilitated drought avoidance by reducing stomatal conductance (g(s)) by 34% that conserved water and enabled stomata to remain open for a longer period into a drought. This resulted in a 28% reduction in drought-induced midafternoon depression in net assimilation rate (A). Elevated C-a increased A by 37% under Dry and 23% under Wet. Any reduction in A under Wet conditions occurred because of nonstomatal limitations, whereas under Dry it occurred because of stomatal limitations. Elevated C-a increased the diurnal integral of A (A') that resulted in an increase in the seasonal-long integral of A' (A '') for barley leaves by 12% (P = 0.14) under both Dry and Wet - 650, 730, 905 and 1020 +/- 65 g (C) m(-2) y(-1) for AD, ED. AW and EW treatments, respectively. Elevated C-a increased season-long average dry weight (DWS; crown, shoots) by 14% (P = 0.02), whereas deficit irrigation reduced DWS by 7% (P = 0.06), although these values may have been affected by a short but severe pea aphid [Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)] infestation. Hence, an elevated-C-a-based improvement in gas exchange properties enhanced growth of a barley crop. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wall, Gerard W.; Kimball, Bruce A.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Garcia, Richard L.] LI COR BioSci Inc, Lincoln, NE 68504 USA. [Wechsung, Frank] Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany. RP Wall, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM gary.wall@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; National Science Foundation [IBN-9652614] FX This research was supported by the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture and by the National Science Foundation (Grant #IBN-9652614 from the NSF/DOE/NASA/USDA Joint Program on Terrestrial Ecology and Global Change - TECO II) funded to the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, Phoenix, Arizona (Gerard W. Wall, PI). Operational support was also contributed by the Potsdam-Institute for Climate Impact Research, Natural Systems Department, P.O. Box 601203, 14412 Potsdam, Germany. We acknowledge the helpful cooperation of Dr. Roy Rauschkolb (deceased) and the staff at the Maricopa Agricultural Center. The FACE apparatus was furnished by Brookhaven National Laboratory and we are grateful to Dr. George Hendrey, Keith Lewin and Dr. John Nagy for assisting in its installation and consulting about its use. Assistance of Dr. Douglas J. Hunsaker (irrigation and soil moisture assessment), Robert L. LaMorte (operation of FACE apparatus), and Dr. Jan Grafe, Dr. Thomas Kartschalle, Dr. Gabriele Wechsung, Meike Bauer, Eike Blum, Peggy Michalis and Jose Olivieri (deceased) is appreciated. A special thank you is given to Laura M. Olivieri who prepared the figures. NR 111 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 144 IS 1 BP 390 EP 404 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2011.07.006 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 873QN UT WOS:000298898200042 ER PT J AU Miesel, JR Boerner, REJ Skinner, CN AF Miesel, J. R. Boerner, R. E. J. Skinner, C. N. TI Soil nitrogen mineralization and enzymatic activities in fire and fire surrogate treatments in California SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fire and Fire Surrogate; soil; mixed-conifer; thinning; prescribed fire ID ACID-PHOSPHATASE-ACTIVITY; MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; SEASONALLY DRY FORESTS; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; FUEL REDUCTION METHODS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; WOOD DECOMPOSITION; SOUTHERN CASCADES; MONTANE FORESTS AB Miesel, J. R., Boerner, R. E. J. and Skinner, C. N. 2011. Soil nitrogen mineralization and enzymatic activities in fire and fire surrogate treatments in California. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 935-946. Forest thinning and prescribed fire are management strategies used to reduce hazardous fuel loads and catastrophic wildfires in western mixed-conifer forests. We evaluated effects of thinning (Thin) and prescribed fire (Burn), alone and in combination (Thin + Burn), on N transformations and microbial enzyme activities relative to an untreated control (Control) at 1 and 3 yr following treatment in northern California. N mineralization and net nitrification were reduced by Thin and by Burn in year I, and N mineralization was increased by Thin + Burn in year 3, relative to the Control. In general, all experimental treatments reduced soil enzyme activity. To identify overall treatment effects on the below-ground ecosyste\m, we combined these data with soil physicochemical data from this site to perform non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) ordination. NMS ordination showed that Burn and Thin + Burn produced the greatest overall effects on soil, and that overall differences in soil characteristics among treatments diminish over time. These results provide an important benchmark for monitoring ecosystem effects of large-scale wildfire hazard reduction strategies over the long term. C1 [Miesel, J. R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Miesel, J. R.; Boerner, R. E. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Skinner, C. N.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96001 USA. RP Miesel, JR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Miesel@wisc.edu FU U.S. Joint Fire Science Program FX We thank C. Abbott and R. Carlson for assistance in the field sampling and J. Brinkman, C. Giai, J. Huang, and A. Shenoy for lab assistance. Two anonymous reviewers provided valuable feedback on this manuscript. This publication is Contribution 158 of the Fire and Fire Surrogate Program funded by the U.S. Joint Fire Science Program. NR 80 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 23 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4271 J9 CAN J SOIL SCI JI Can. J. Soil Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 91 IS 6 BP 935 EP 946 DI 10.4141/CJSS10098 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 878IG UT WOS:000299248100003 ER PT J AU Zhu, B Lou, MM Xie, GL Wang, GF Zhou, Q Wang, F Fang, Y Su, T Li, B Duan, YP AF Zhu, Bo Lou, Miao-Miao Xie, Guan-Lin Wang, Guo-Fen Zhou, Qin Wang, Fang Fang, Yuan Su, Ting Li, Bin Duan, Yong-Pin TI Enterobacter mori sp nov., associated with bacterial wilt on Morus alba L. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMB. NOV; FRUIT POWDER; CLOACAE; IDENTIFICATION; KLEBSIELLA; GENETICS; DISEASE; TREES AB Two isolates of mulberry-pathogenic bacteria isolated from diseased mulberry roots were investigated in a polyphasic taxonomic study. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis combined with rpoB gene sequence analysis allocated strains R18-2(T) and R3-3 to the genus Enterobacter, with Enterobacter asburiae, E. amnigenus, E. cancerogenus, E. cloacae subsp. cloacae, E. cloacae subsp. dissolvens and E. nimipressuralis as their closest relatives. Cells of the isolates were Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic rods, 0.3-1.0 mu m wide and 0.8-2.0 mu m long, with peritrichous flagella, showing a DNA G+C content of 55.1 +/- 0.5 mol%. Calculation of a similarity index based on phenotypic features and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis suggested that these isolates are members of E. cancerogenus or E. asburiae or a closely related species. Biochemical data revealed that the isolates could be differentiated from their nearest neighbours by the presence of lysine decarboxylase activity and their ability to utilize D-arabitol. DNA-DNA relatedness also distinguished the two isolates from phylogenetically closely related Enterobacter strains. Based on these data, it is proposed that the isolates represent a novel species of the genus Enterobacter, named Enterobacter mori sp. nov. The type strain is R18-2(T) (=CGMCC 1.10322(T) =LMG 25706(T)). C1 [Zhu, Bo; Lou, Miao-Miao; Xie, Guan-Lin; Wang, Guo-Fen; Wang, Fang; Fang, Yuan; Su, Ting; Li, Bin] Zhejiang Univ, Minist Agr, Key Lab Mol Biol Crop Pathogens & Insects, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Bo; Lou, Miao-Miao; Xie, Guan-Lin; Wang, Guo-Fen; Wang, Fang; Fang, Yuan; Su, Ting; Li, Bin] Zhejiang Univ, Inst Biotechnol, State Key Lab Rice Biol, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Qin] Zhejiang Prov Agr Dept, Econ Crop Management Bur, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Duan, Yong-Pin] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Xie, GL (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Minist Agr, Key Lab Mol Biol Crop Pathogens & Insects, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM glxie@zju.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30871655]; Agriculture Ministry of China [201003029, nyhyzx072056]; Zhejiang Agriculture Department [Ji-fa 2008-97]; 863 project [2006AA10211] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30871655), the Agriculture Ministry of China (201003029; nyhyzx072056), the Zhejiang Agriculture Department (Ji-fa 2008-97) and the 863 project (2006AA10211). We thank the BCCM/LMG Bacteria Collection, University of Ghent, Belgium, for providing most of the type strains used in this study. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 61 BP 2769 EP 2774 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.028613-0 PN 11 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 853VJ UT WOS:000297453500036 PM 21216919 ER PT J AU Zhang, YG Nearing, MA Liu, BY Van Pelt, RS Stone, JJ Wei, H Scott, RL AF Zhang, Y. -G. Nearing, M. A. Liu, B. Y. Van Pelt, R. S. Stone, J. J. Wei, H. Scott, R. L. TI Comparative rates of wind versus water erosion from a small semiarid watershed in southern Arizona, USA SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MWAC; Rangelands; Sediment flux; Sediment yield; Erosion ID VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; FIELD CALIBRATION; DESERT GRASSLAND; TRANSPORT; ENVIRONMENTS; VEGETATION; SHRUBLAND; SEDIMENT; TUNNEL; COVER AB The relative erosion rates of wind and water erosion have rarely been studied simultaneously and are poorly quantified. In this study, wind and water erosion rates were simultaneously measured and compared over 2 yrs for a small rangeland watershed in the Santa Rita Experimental Range in southern Arizona. Average horizontal, wind-driven sediment flux was 7.0 g m(-1) d(-1) during the study period. The combined soil erosion rate by water and wind was 7.60 t ha(-1) yr(-1), with only 0.08 t ha(-1) yr(-1) attributed to wind during the 2 yrs. The results of this study showed that rates of soil erosion by water greatly exceeded rates of erosion by wind during the study period in this small watershed. Comparison between these results and other recent studies in the same area suggest that measurements of horizontal sediment fluxes by wind and water are not necessarily indicative of relative net soil erosion rates on a unit area basis because the measurements of the wind flux sediment cannot be considered as mass of soil loss per unit area per unit time. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Y. -G.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Y. -G.; Nearing, M. A.; Stone, J. J.; Wei, H.; Scott, R. L.] ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Zhang, Y. -G.; Liu, B. Y.] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Van Pelt, R. S.] ARS, USDA, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Unit, Big Spring, TX 79415 USA. RP Zhang, YG (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. EM yongguangzh@gmail.com OI Zhang, Yongguang/0000-0001-8286-300X FU USDA Agricultural Research Service, Southwest Watershed Research Center; Western Development Action, Chinese Academy of Science [KZCX2-XB2-07-01]; Chinese National Science and Technology Infrastructure Program [2008BAD98B04] FX This research was jointly supported by USDA Agricultural Research Service, Southwest Watershed Research Center and The Western Development Action, Chinese Academy of Science (KZCX2-XB2-07-01) and The Chinese National Science and Technology Infrastructure Program (2008BAD98B04). The authors acknowledge Kevin Loeffelmann and John Smith who helped construct the samplers. The authors are also thankful to Dr. Viktor O. Polyakov, and Rudy Ortiz, for their help in the field work. Thanks also to the University of Arizona for providing access to the Santa Rita Experimental Range field sites. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-9637 J9 AEOLIAN RES JI Aeolian Res. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 3 IS 2 BP 197 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2011.03.006 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical SC Physical Geography GA 854WY UT WOS:000297526700007 ER PT J AU Ma, LL Zobeck, TM Hsieh, DH Holder, D Morgan, CLS Thompson, JE AF Ma, Lulu Zobeck, Ted M. Hsieh, Daniel H. Holder, Dean Morgan, Cristine L. S. Thompson, Jonathan E. TI Optical properties of Aeolian dusts common to West Texas SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Angstrom exponent; Angstrom absorption exponent; Mass extinction efficiency; Dust; Optical properties; Albedo ID SAMUM 2006; AEROSOL; EXTINCTION; SCATTERING; POLLUTION AB Both recent models and historical events such as the Dust Bowl and volcanic eruptions have illustrated aerosols can play a significant role in climate change through direct and indirect optical effects. Soil dust aerosols generated by Aeolian processes represent a significant fraction of the total mass burden of atmospheric particles. Central to a better understanding of the climate effects of dust aerosols is knowledge of their optical properties. This research study utilized a dust generator and several instruments to determine certain optical properties of Aeolian dust mimics created by the Amarillo and Pullman soil types native to the panhandle of Texas, USA. Values for the mass-extinction coefficient ranged between 1.74 and 2.97 m(2) g(-1), at 522 nm depending on how mass concentration was determined. Single-scatter albedo (SSA) for both soil types ranged from 0.947 to 0.980 at visible wavelengths with SSA increasing at longer wavelengths. Angstrom absorption exponents were measured as 1.73 for Pullman and 2.17 for Amarillo soil. Observed Angstrom extinction exponents were 0.110 and 0.168 for the Pullman and Amarillo soil types. The optical properties reported may be of use for optical based estimates of soil erosion and aid in understanding how regional soil dusts may alter radiative transport presently and during historical events such as the Dust Bowl era. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ma, Lulu; Thompson, Jonathan E.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Zobeck, Ted M.; Holder, Dean] ARS, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79411 USA. [Hsieh, Daniel H.] A&M Consolidated High Sch, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. [Morgan, Cristine L. S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Thompson, JE (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM jon.thompson@ttu.edu RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012; Morgan, Cristine`/A-1555-2013; OI Morgan, Cristine`/0000-0001-9836-0669; Thompson, Jonathan/0000-0003-1550-2823 FU Robert A. Welch Foundation; Texas Tech University/State of Texas; National Science Foundation [0634872, 1004114] FX D.H.H. would like to thank the Robert A. Welch Foundation for its financial support and continued sponsorship of the Welch Summer Scholars Program. D.H.H. also would like to thank Dr. Tamara Hanna, Dr. Chris Bradley, his science teacher at AMCHS, and the other seven scholars of the 2010 Welch Summer Scholars Program at Texas Tech University. The USDA Agriculture Research Service of Lubbock, TX played an integral role in making this research possible. This research was sponsored in part by Texas Tech University/State of Texas and the National Science Foundation on grants 0634872 and 1004114. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-9637 J9 AEOLIAN RES JI Aeolian Res. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 3 IS 2 BP 235 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2011.05.002 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical SC Physical Geography GA 854WY UT WOS:000297526700011 ER PT J AU Cao, SX Sun, G Zhang, ZQ Chen, LD Feng, Q Fu, BJ McNulty, S Shankman, D Tang, JW Wang, YH Wei, XH AF Cao, Shixiong Sun, Ge Zhang, Zhiqiang Chen, Liding Feng, Qi Fu, Bojie McNulty, Steve Shankman, David Tang, Jianwu Wang, Yanhui Wei, Xiaohua TI Greening China Naturally SO AMBIO LA English DT Editorial Material DE Afforestation policy; Environmental degradation; Evironmental restoration; Reforestation; Sustainable development ID RESTORATION; DESERTIFICATION; THRESHOLDS; VEGETATION; COVER; YIELD; WATER AB China leads the world in afforestation, and is one of the few countries whose forested area is increasing. However, this massive "greening" effort has been less effective than expected; afforestation has sometimes produced unintended environmental, ecological, and socioeconomic consequences, and has failed to achieve the desired ecological benefits. Where afforestation has succeeded, the approach was tailored to local environmental conditions. Using the right plant species or species composition for the site and considering alternatives such as grassland restoration have been important success factors. To expand this success, government policy should shift from a forest-based approach to a results-based approach. In addition, long-term monitoring must be implemented to provide the data needed to develop a cost-effective, scientifically informed restoration policy. C1 [Sun, Ge; McNulty, Steve] US Forest Serv, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, So Res Stn, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Cao, Shixiong; Zhang, Zhiqiang] Beijing Forestry Univ, Key Lab Soil & Water Conservat & Combat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Chen, Liding; Fu, Bojie] Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, State Key Lab Urban & Reg Ecol, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. [Feng, Qi] Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm Engn Res Inst, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. [Shankman, David] Univ Alabama, Dept Geog, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Tang, Jianwu] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Wang, Yanhui] Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Forest Ecol Environm & Protect, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. [Wei, Xiaohua] Univ British Columbia Okanagan, Earth & Environm Sci Dept, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada. RP Sun, G (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, So Res Stn, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM shixiongcao@126.com; Ge_Sun@ncsu.edu; zhqzhang@bjfu.edu.cn; liding@rcees.ac.cn; qifeng@lzb.ac.cn; bfu@rcees.ac.cn; sgmcnult@ncsu.edu; shankman@as.ua.edu; jtang@mbl.edu; wangyh@caf.ac.cn; adam.wei@ubc.ca RI Fu, Bojie/B-1493-2009; Tang, Jianwu/K-6798-2014 OI Tang, Jianwu/0000-0003-2498-9012 NR 22 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 5 U2 47 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD NOV PY 2011 VL 40 IS 7 BP 828 EP 831 DI 10.1007/s13280-011-0150-8 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 868CC UT WOS:000298500100010 PM 22338721 ER PT J AU Endale, DM Fisher, DS Jenkins, MB Schomberg, HH AF Endale, D. M. Fisher, D. S. Jenkins, M. B. Schomberg, H. H. TI DIFFICULT LESSONS LEARNED IN MEASURING STAGE AND FLOW RATE ON SMALL WATERSHEDS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Discharge; Flow measurement error; Flume; Hydrology; Water quality; Water quantity; Sensors ID QUALITY DATA AB Submersible pressure transducers integrated with data loggers are commonly used to measure stage (water level) and estimate flow rate from established stage-discharge relationships; however, proper data quality assurance is important to reduce uncertainly in resulting estimates. For 2 yr, USDA-ARS researchers in Watkinsville, Georgia, continuously monitored flow rate from a spring using a flume fitted with a pressure transducer and data logger and performed periodic manual flow rate checks. Initially, during a 162-day period in 2003 with 72 comparisons, the automated system underestimated the mean flow rate by approximately 17% due to presumed drift and lack of frequent calibration. After calibrating the transducer to adjust for drift with the data logger program, 66 comparisons during a 349-day period in 2004 showed that the difference in mean flow rate between the manual and automated estimates was <5%. During 235 days late in the monitoring period, the automated system overestimated the mean flow rate by approximately 29% because of another apparent drift. In a similar set-up at a pond outflow, a drift of 32 mm in transducer output caused underestimation of pond outflow by 27% during a 30-day period. Users should not assume that pressure transducer-based automated water level measurement systems continuously record correct data. Routine verification of transducer output is crucial to avoid inaccurate (and possibly useless) stage and flow rate estimates. C1 [Endale, D. M.; Fisher, D. S.; Jenkins, M. B.; Schomberg, H. H.] USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Endale, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM Dinku.Endale@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 27 IS 6 BP 933 EP 936 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 878GY UT WOS:000299244700008 ER PT J AU Lundgren, JG Fergen, JK AF Lundgren, Jonathan G. Fergen, Janet K. TI Enhancing predation of a subterranean insect pest: A conservation benefit of winter vegetation in agroecosystems SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biological control; Cover crops; Diabrotica virgifera; Gut content analysis; Soil food webs; Trophic interactions ID GUT-CONTENT ANALYSIS; STRENGTHENS HERBIVORE SUPPRESSION; ROOTWORM LARVAE COLEOPTERA; NATURAL ENEMIES; GENERALIST PREDATORS; CORN AGROECOSYSTEMS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; HEMOLYMPH DEFENSE; APHID PREDATION; ARTHROPOD PESTS AB Generalist predator communities are abundant and diverse in agroecosystems, but pests often persist nevertheless. Winter vegetation (e.g., cover crops) provides an agronomically sound opportunity to conserve predator communities and promote their impact on pests. We evaluate whether winter vegetation increases predation of Diabrotica virgifera, a key subterranean pest of maize. Fields of maize were preceded by a winter cover crop (slender wheatgrass) or a fallow period (bare soil) over two years. Pest populations and root damage were measured in each field, from which the gut contents of predators aspirated from the soil surface, or extracted from the soil column, were analyzed using qPCR and primer sets specific to D. virgifera COI gene sequences. Predation intensity on restrained D. virgifera larvae (sentinels) was observed during the three larval stadia of the pest (n = 400 3rd instars per plot per stadium). A diverse predator community consumed D. virgifera in maize fields, and predation was significantly greater in maize following cover crops (as measured with sentinels, but not gut content analysis). Predation was particularly intense during the 3rd stadium of the pest, especially in the cover-cropped maize. qPCR-based gut content analysis of natural populations functioned well in determining which predators consumed D. virgifera, but was only correlated with their impact on the pest and its damage when the relative frequency of detection, quantity of DNA calculated, and predator abundance were combined into a predation index. In support of these observations, predation intensity on sentinels was negatively correlated with D. virgifera populations and plant damage, but did not provide an accurate picture of the community involved. Cover crops reduced D. virgifera populations by increasing predation levels on this pest, which indicates that conserving predation as an ecosystem service is a mechanism for how this form of habitat diversification functions. Also, we conclude that employing diverse methods provides the best insight into trophic relationships within subterranean systems. Finally, because of the dynamic and diverse interactions between pests and their natural enemy complexes, we advocate conserving diverse predator communities within agroecosystems, rather than targeting conservation efforts at specific key predator taxa. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lundgren, Jonathan G.; Fergen, Janet K.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Lundgren, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM Jonathan.Lundgren@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 6 U2 69 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 51 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.08.005 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 873UU UT WOS:000298909300002 ER PT J AU Pengthamkeerati, P Motavalli, PP Kremer, RJ AF Pengthamkeerati, P. Motavalli, P. P. Kremer, R. J. TI Soil microbial biomass nitrogen and beta-glucosaminidase activity response to surface compaction and poultry-litter application in a claypan soil SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Compaction; Poultry litter; Crop; Microbial biomass N; Microbial C:N ratio; beta-Glucosaminidase ID FOREST FLOOR REMOVAL; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; ORGANIC-MATTER; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; N-MINERALIZATION; CARBON; TILLAGE; FIELD; RESIDUE; AVAILABILITY AB In agroecosystems, compaction-induced changes in soil physical properties may significantly affect soil microbial activity, especially N-related processes. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of soil compaction on soil microbiological properties related to N in a claypan soil amended with poultry litter (i.e., Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) excrement mixed with pine shavings as bedding) and cropped to corn (Zea mays L). In a laboratory incubation, a silt loam soil was compacted to four bulk density levels (1.2, 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 mg m(-3)) amended with and without poultry litter and incubated at 25 degrees C for 28 d. In a field experiment conducted in 2001 and 2002, a Mexico silt loam claypan soil was amended with litter (0 and 19 mg ha(-1)), left uncompacted or uniformly compacted and planted to corn or left fallow. In the incubation study, soil compaction reduced microbial biomass N (MBN) and soluble N (Sol N), but increased microbial C:N ratio and soil beta-glucosaminidase activity. Added litter increased Sol N and soil beta-glucosaminidase activity in the laboratory. Under controlled soil water content and temperature, all soil microbiological properties had a linear relationship with soil bulk density (r(2) = 0.63**-0.90***). In the field, the compaction effect on all the measured soil microbial properties was less pronounced. The field observation also showed that litter-amended soil had higher MBN, Sol N and soil beta-glucosaminidase activity compared to unamended soil in both compaction treatments, regardless of fallow and cropped plots. Under field conditions. MBN and microbial C:N ratio significantly correlated with soil water content (r = 0.49*** and -0.32***, respectively), while soil beta-glucosaminidase activity was correlated with total soil organic C (r = 0.39***). The results showed that N-related soil microbiological properties were sensitive to changes induced by soil compaction, while beneficial effects of litter addition may mitigate some compaction effects on these soil properties. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pengthamkeerati, P.] Kasetsart Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. [Pengthamkeerati, P.] Kasetsart Univ, Fac Sci, Environm Technol Res Unit EnviTech, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. [Motavalli, P. P.] Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kremer, R. J.] ARS, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Pengthamkeerati, P (reprint author), Kasetsart Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Environm Sci, POB 1072 Kasetsart, Bangkok 10903, Thailand. EM fsciptp@ku.ac.th FU System Research Board of the University of Missouri; USDA-ARS FX We wish to acknowledge the generous funding by the System Research Board of the University of Missouri and USDA-ARS for supporting this research. We are also very thankful for the technical assistance provided by Tim Reinbott, Jenan Nichols, Dennis Wambuguh, John Dodds, Josh Intveld, Kelly Sammons, and Nancy Mungai to this research. Valuable statistical assistance was also provided by Dr. Mark Ellersieck. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 51 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.08.013 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 873UU UT WOS:000298909300010 ER PT J AU Curran, MP Howes, SW AF Curran, Michael P. Howes, Steven W. TI Soil disturbance concerns regarding the use of forest biomass as a source of energy: Examples from Pacific Northwestern North America SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Bio-energy; Soil hydrologic function; Long-term productivity; Soil productivity; Sustainability protocols; Sustainability ID SOUTHEAST BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB Increased biomass removals may affect long-term site productivity and hydrologic function through harvesting effects on soils. This paper reviews the current soil disturbance context for biomass harvesting in the Pacific Northwest of North America, and discusses environmental sustainability concerns that should be of interest to all parties involved in the generation or purchase of bio-energy. In the Pacific Northwest many dense stands of low-value timber exist and are seen by some as a source of cheap biomass energy; however, intensive biomass harvest may involve more machine traffic during harvest, increasing concerns about protection of the soil resource. Both the United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, and British Columbia Forest Service have developed and implemented soil quality standards to keep activity-induced soil disturbance within defined limits. Examples of soil disturbance data collected over the past 20 years from various harvesting systems are discussed to demonstrate the higher-than-usual level of disturbance that can occur from biomass harvesting. Comparison of such monitoring results within or between forest management jurisdictions is often difficult because of differing definitions of detrimental soil disturbance and different soil disturbance assessment protocols. Recommendations are provided regarding more comparable and rigorous means of conducting soil quality assessments, including common terminology, which are needed to enable demonstration that long-term productivity and hydrologic function are being protected during biomass harvest under various international protocols and their respective criteria and indicators, and third-party certification schemes. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Curran, Michael P.] BC Forest Serv, Nelson, BC V1L 6K1, Canada. [Howes, Steven W.] USDA Forest Serv, Portland, OR USA. RP Curran, MP (reprint author), BC Forest Serv, 1907 Ridgewood Rd, Nelson, BC V1L 6K1, Canada. EM mike.curran@gov.bc.ca NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 35 IS 11 BP 4547 EP 4556 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.09.017 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 868KE UT WOS:000298521400008 ER PT J AU Stelte, W Clemons, C Holm, JK Sanadi, AR Ahrenfeldt, J Shang, L Henriksen, UB AF Stelte, Wolfgang Clemons, Craig Holm, Jens K. Sanadi, Anand R. Ahrenfeldt, Jesper Shang, Lei Henriksen, Ulrik B. TI Pelletizing properties of torrefied spruce SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Torrefaction; Wood; Spruce; Pellet; Bonding mechanism; SEM ID FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY; WOOD POLYMERS; NORWAY SPRUCE; CELL-WALL; PART 1; TORREFACTION; BIOMASS; CELLULOSE; PRETREATMENT; PYROLYSIS AB Torrefaction is a thermo-chemical conversion process improving the handling, storage and combustion properties of wood. To save storage space and transportation costs, it can be compressed into fuel pellets of high physical and energetic density. The resulting pellets are relatively resistant to moisture uptake, microbiological decay and easy to comminute into small particles. The present study focused on the pelletizing properties of spruce torrefied at 250, 275 and 300 degrees C. The changes in composition were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and chemical analysis. The pelletizing properties were determined using a single pellet press and pellet stability was determined by compression testing. The bonding mechanism in the pellets was studied by fracture surface analysis using scanning electron microscopy. The composition of the wood changed drastically under torrefaction, with hemicelluloses being most sensitive to thermal degradation. The chemical changes had a negative impact, both on the pelletizing process and the pellet properties. Torrefaction resulted in higher friction in the press channel of the pellet press and low compression strength of the pellets. Fracture surface analysis revealed a cohesive failure mechanism due to strong inter-particle bonding in spruce pellets as a resulting from a plastic flow of the amorphous wood polymers, forming solid polymer bridges between adjacent particles. Fracture surfaces of pellets made from torrefied spruce possessed gaps and voids between adjacent particles due to a spring back effect after pelletization. They showed no signs of inter-particle polymer bridges indicating that bonding is likely limited to Van der Waals forces and mechanical fiber interlocking. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stelte, Wolfgang; Ahrenfeldt, Jesper; Shang, Lei; Henriksen, Ulrik B.] Tech Univ Denmark, Biosyst Dept, Riso Natl Lab Sustainable Energy, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Clemons, Craig] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Holm, Jens K.] DONG Energy Power AS, Chem Engn, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark. [Sanadi, Anand R.] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. RP Stelte, W (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Biosyst Dept, Riso Natl Lab Sustainable Energy, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM stelte@gmail.com RI Ahrenfeldt, Jesper /B-2579-2012; Stelte, Wolfgang/E-5154-2012; Sanadi, Anand/C-4420-2015; OI Ahrenfeldt, Jesper /0000-0002-3999-5864; Sanadi, Anand/0000-0002-6382-9225; Stelte, Wolfgang/0000-0003-2424-4010; Henriksen, Ulrik Birk/0000-0003-1838-3962 FU Danish Energy Agency [ENS-33033-0227] FX The present study was conducted under the framework of the Danish Energy Agency's EFP project: "Advanced understanding of biomass pelletization" ENS-33033-0227. The authors wish to thank Vattenfall Nordic A/S, DONG Energy A/S and the Danish Energy Agency for project funding. The USDA-Forest Products Laboratory in Madison, Wisconsin is thanked for its hospitality and the provision of laboratory space and equipment for this study. Fred Mat, Dan Yelle and Tom Kuster are thanked for help with chemical analysis, the compression testing and scanning electron microscopy. Charles Frihart is greatly acknowledged for his comments and suggestions when planning this study. Tobias Thomsen is thanked for preparation of the torrefied wood samples and Soren Barsberg for help with the infrared spectra. NR 41 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 50 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 35 IS 11 BP 4690 EP 4698 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.09.025 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 868KE UT WOS:000298521400024 ER PT J AU Pugh, SA Liebhold, AM Morin, RS AF Pugh, Scott A. Liebhold, Andrew M. Morin, Randall S. TI Changes in ash tree demography associated with emerald ash borer invasion, indicated by regional forest inventory data from the Great Lakes States SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; COLEOPTERA; BUPRESTIDAE; BARK AB The emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) is a nonnative phloem-feeding beetle that was accidentally introduced near Detroit, Michigan, two to three decades ago. North American ash (Fraxinus spp.) exhibit little or no resistance, and as this insect species expands its range, extensive mortality results. Previous studies of the impacts of EAB, typical of most insect and disease impact studies, utilized data acquired from sites with known infestations and cannot be used to make regional estimates of change on forest land. By contrast, this study investigated the regional impacts of EAB on the affected resource using information from a large-scale forest inventory (Forest Inventory and Analysis program of the US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service) previously implemented to estimate regional forest resources. Results indicate that since 1980, ash has been increasing throughout many of the Great Lakes States but EAB is reversing this trend in recently invaded areas. Within 50 km of the epicenter of the EAB invasion, a major decline was observed after 2004. For growing stock (trees at least 12.7 cm diameter at breast height), average ash volume decreased from 12.7 to 3.2 m(3).ha(-1) and mortality increased from 0.1 to 1.4 m(3)-ha(-1).year(-1) on timberland between the 2004 and 2009 inventories. C1 [Pugh, Scott A.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Liebhold, Andrew M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Morin, Randall S.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Pugh, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 410 MacInnes Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM spaugh@fs.fed.us RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 31 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 6 U2 51 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 41 IS 11 BP 2165 EP 2175 DI 10.1139/X11-138 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 864AD UT WOS:000298208500008 ER PT J AU Rebbeck, J Gottschalk, K Scherzer, A AF Rebbeck, Joanne Gottschalk, Kurt Scherzer, Amy TI Do chestnut, northern red, and white oak germinant seedlings respond similarly to light treatments? Growth and biomass SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID QUERCUS-RUBRA; SOIL-MOISTURE; REGENERATION; AVAILABILITY; PENNSYLVANIA; PERFORMANCE; NUTRIENTS; FORESTS; STANDS AB Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedling growth has been extensively studied. White oak (Quercus alba L.) and chestnut oak (Quercus prinus L.), however, are far less investigated despite their importance among upland oak species in eastern North American forests. We characterized white and chestnut oak seedling response to light and available soil nutrients while using northern red oak as a benchmark. Germinants were grown within one of three shade treatments (25%, 18%, and 6% of full sun) in one of two native forest soil mixes over two growing seasons. Leaf area, shoot mass, and root mass of all three species showed positive growth responses to increasing light. Growth and biomass were higher for all species grown in the more nutrient-rich forest soil, but chestnut oak displayed the greatest positive responses to the higher nutrient levels. White oak seedlings were the slowest growers and demonstrated the most root-centered growth, with root to shoot ratios almost twice that of either chestnut or northern red oak seedlings. The oak species evaluated here responded differently to changes in resource availability. Our study demonstrates the differential response of upland oaks to low light and nutrients. These differences need consideration when developing oak management prescriptions for specific oaks. C1 [Rebbeck, Joanne; Scherzer, Amy] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Gottschalk, Kurt] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Rebbeck, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM jrebbeck@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station FX The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the US Department of Agriculture or the Forest Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. The authors thank Dave Feicht, Arthur Peterson, Brian Simpson, and Mary Ann Tate for their highly valued technical assistance. We thank Daniel Dey, Robert Long, Todd Hutchinson, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on previous drafts. We thank John Stanovick for a biometrics review. This research was supported by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 18 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 41 IS 11 BP 2219 EP 2230 DI 10.1139/X11-124 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 864AD UT WOS:000298208500013 ER PT J AU Liu, JG Bell, AA Wheeler, MH Stipanovic, RD Puckhaber, LS AF Liu, Jinggao Bell, Alois A. Wheeler, Michael H. Stipanovic, Robert D. Puckhaber, Lorraine S. TI Phylogeny and pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum isolates from cottonseed imported from Australia into California for dairy cattle feed SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium wilt; pathotype; vascular competency; race; mating type ID F-SP VASINFECTUM; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUPS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; VASCULAR WILT; RACES; FUNGUS; GENEALOGIES; POLYMORPHISM; POPULATION; STRAINS AB A unique biotype of the Fusarium wilt pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht fisp. vasinfectum (Atk) Sny. & Hans., found in Australia in 1993 is favored by neutral or alkaline heavy soils and does not require plant parasitic nematodes to cause disease. This makes it a threat to 4-6 million acres of USA Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) that is grown on heavy alkaline soil and currently is not affected by Fusarium wilt. In 2001-2002, several shiploads of live cottonseed were imported into California for dairy cattle feed. Thirteen F. oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum isolates and four isolates of a Fusarium spp. that resembled F oxysporum were isolated from the imported cottonseed. The isolates, designated by an AuSeed prefix, formed four vegetative compatibility groups (VCG) all of which were incompatible with tester isolates for 18 VCGs found in the USA. Isolate AuSeed14 was vegetatively compatible with the four reference isolates of Australian biotype VCG01111. Phylogenetic analyses based on EF-1 alpha, PHO, BT, Mat1-1, and Mat1-2 gene sequences separated the 17 seed isolates into three lineages (race A, race 3, and Fusarium spp.) with AuSeed14 clustering into race 3 lineage or race A lineage depending on the genes analyzed. Indel analysis of the EF-1 alpha gene sequences revealed a close evolutionary relationship among AuSeed14, Australian biotype reference isolates, and the four Fusarium spp. isolates. The Australian seed isolates and the four Australian biotype reference isolates caused disease with root-dip inoculation, but not with stem-puncture inoculation. Thus, they were a vascular incompetent patho-type. In contrast, USA race A lineage isolates readily colonized vascular tissue and formed a vascular competent pathotype when introduced directly into xylem vessels. The AuSeed14 isolate was as pathogenic as the Australian biotype, and it or related isolates could cause a severe Fusarium wilt problem in USA cotton fields if they become established. C1 [Liu, Jinggao; Bell, Alois A.; Wheeler, Michael H.; Stipanovic, Robert D.; Puckhaber, Lorraine S.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Cotton Pathol Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Liu, JG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Cotton Pathol Res Unit, 2765 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM Jinggao.Liu@ars.usda.gov FU Cotton Incorporated FX This research was supported in part by Cotton Incorporated. We thank Lucy Young and Mark Gehrig for excellent technical assistance. GenBank accession numbers generated in this study: JF267540-JF267650. Disclaimers:, mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 EI 1480-3275 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 57 IS 11 BP 874 EP 886 DI 10.1139/W11-080 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 861JS UT WOS:000298015800002 PM 22004096 ER PT J AU Kweon, M Slade, L Levine, H AF Kweon, Meera Slade, Louise Levine, Harry TI Solvent Retention Capacity (SRC) Testing of Wheat Flour: Principles and Value in Predicting Flour Functionality in Different Wheat-Based Food Processes and in Wheat Breeding-A Review SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID BENCHTOP BAKING METHOD; SNAP COOKIE QUALITY; AACC METHOD 56-11; WIRE-CUT COOKIE; SUGAR-SNAP; MAKING QUALITY; SUCROSE; STARCH; CHLORINATION; EQUILIBRIUM AB Solvent retention capacity (SRC) technology, its history, principles, and applications are reviewed. Originally, SRC testing was created and developed for evaluating soft wheat flour functionality, but it has also been shown to be applicable to evaluating flour functionality for hard wheat products. SRC is a solvation test for flours that is based on the exaggerated swelling behavior of component polymer networks in selected individual diagnostic solvents. SRC provides a measure of solvent compatibility for the three functional polymeric components of flour-gluten, damaged starch, and pentosans-which in turn enables prediction of the functional contribution of each of these flour components to overall flour functionality and resulting finished-product quality. The pattern of flour SRC values for the four diagnostic SRC solvents (water, dilute aqueous lactic acid, dilute aqueous sodium carbonate, and concentrated aqueous sucrose solutions), rather than any single individual SRC value, has been shown to be critical to various successful end-use applications. Moreover, a new predictive SRC parameter, the gluten performance index (GPI), defined as GPI = lactic acid/(sodium carbonate + sucrose) SRC values, has been found to be an even better predictor of the overall performance of flour glutenin in the environment of other modulating networks of flour polymers. SRC technology is a unique diagnostic tool for predicting flour functionality, and its applications in soft wheat breeding, milling, and baking are increasing markedly as a consequence of many successful, recently published demonstrations of its extraordinary power and scope. C1 [Slade, Louise; Levine, Harry] Food Polymer Sci Consultancy, Morris Plains, NJ 07950 USA. [Kweon, Meera] ARS, USDA, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Levine, H (reprint author), Food Polymer Sci Consultancy, Morris Plains, NJ 07950 USA. EM LevineHarry@optonline.net NR 101 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 58 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 88 IS 6 BP 537 EP 552 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-07-11-0092 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 871EM UT WOS:000298720700001 ER PT J AU Morris, CF Anderson, JA King, GE Bettge, AD Garland-Campbell, K Allan, RE Fuerst, EP Beecher, BS AF Morris, Craig F. Anderson, James A. King, G. E. Bettge, Arthur D. Garland-Campbell, Kimberly Allan, R. E. Fuerst, E. Patrick Beecher, Brian S. TI Characterization of a Unique "Super Soft" Kernel Trait in Wheat SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GRAIN HARDNESS; CHARACTERIZATION SYSTEM; MOLECULAR-GENETICS; PUROINDOLINE-B; GENES; FRIABILIN; ENDOSPERM; SEQUENCE; TEXTURE; QUALITY AB Kernel texture in wheat (Triticum sp.) is central to end-use quality and utilization. Here we report the discovery of a novel soft kernel trait in soft white winter wheat (T aestivum L.). Two heritable kernel phenotypes were selected among F(3)-derived sibs, hereafter designated "normal soft" (wild-type) and "super soft." Normal soft lines exhibited single kernel characterization system (SKCS) hardness index (HI) values typical of soft wheat (HI approximate to 20), whereas the super soft lines were unusually soft (HI approximate to 5). Under some environments, individual super soft lines exhibited HI values as low as HI = -4. The super soft trait was manifested in reduced SKCS kernel texture and higher break flour yields, with some increase in sodium carbonate SRC (solvent retention capacity) values and sponge cake volumes. Straight-grade flour yield, flour ash, milling score, and cookie diameter were largely unaffected. With the possible exception of the sodium carbonate SRC values, we observed no indication that the super soft trait conferred any negative aspects to commercial soft wheat quality. As such, the super soft trait may provide wheat breeders with new opportunities to modify the end-use quality of wheat. C1 [Morris, Craig F.; Bettge, Arthur D.; Beecher, Brian S.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Food Sci & Human Nutr Facil EE 202, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Anderson, James A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [King, G. E.] Washington State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Garland-Campbell, Kimberly; Allan, R. E.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Fuerst, E. Patrick] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Food Sci & Human Nutr Facil EE 202, POB 646394, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM morrisc@wsu.edu NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 88 IS 6 BP 576 EP 583 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-07-11-0094 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 871EM UT WOS:000298720700006 ER PT J AU Yan, SP Wu, XR Bean, SR Pedersen, JF Tesso, T Chen, YHR Wang, DH AF Yan, Shuping Wu, Xiaorong Bean, Scott R. Pedersen, Jeffery F. Tesso, Tesfaye Chen, Yuanhong R. Wang, Donghai TI Evaluation of Waxy Grain Sorghum for Ethanol Production SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; ALPHA-AMINO NITROGEN; ALCOHOL PRODUCTION; PROTEIN; FERMENTATION; STARCH; CORN; DIGESTIBILITY; QUALITY; PERFORMANCE AB The objective of this research was to investigate the fermentation performance of waxy grain sorghum for ethanol production. Twenty-five waxy grain sorghum varieties were evaluated with a laboratory dry-grind procedure. Total starch and amylose contents were measured following colorimetric procedures. Total starch and amylose contents ranged from 65.4 to 76.3% and from 5.5 to 7.3%, respectively. Fermentation efficiencies were in the range of 86.0-92.2%, corresponding to ethanol yields of 2.61-3.03 gallons/bushel. The advantages of using waxy sorghums for ethanol production include easier gelatinization and low viscosity during liquefaction, higher starch and protein digestibility, higher free amino nitrogen (FAN) content, and shorter fermentation times. The results showed a strong linear relationship between FAN content and fermentation rate. Fermentation rate increased as FAN content increased, especially during the first 30 hr of fermentation (R(2) = 0.90). Total starch content in distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) was less than 1% for all waxy varieties. C1 [Yan, Shuping; Wu, Xiaorong; Wang, Donghai] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bean, Scott R.; Chen, Yuanhong R.] Agr Res Serv USDA ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Pedersen, Jeffery F.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Tesso, Tesfaye] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Wang, DH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM dwang@ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 FU Kansas Grain Sorghum Commission; Center for Sorghum Improvement, Kansas State University FX This project was funded by the Kansas Grain Sorghum Commission and the Center for Sorghum Improvement, Kansas State University. Contribution number 11-327-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 57 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 12 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 88 IS 6 BP 589 EP 595 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-04-11-0056 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 871EM UT WOS:000298720700008 ER PT J AU Li, ZN Tang, XJ Huang, WN Liu, JG Tilley, M Yao, Y AF Li, Zhenni Tang, Xiaojuan Huang, Weining Liu, Jerry Gang Tilley, Michael Yao, Yuan TI Rheology, Microstructure, and Baking Characteristics of Frozen Dough Containing Rhizopus chinensis Lipase and Transglutaminase SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL TRANSGLUTAMINASE; BREAD; QUALITY; FLOUR; SURFACTANTS; STABILITY; GLYCEROL; ENZYMES; GUM AB The beneficial effects of a new recombinant lipase (Rhizopus chinensis lipase [RCL] and transglutaminase (TG) were investigated on frozen dough systems and their breadmaking quality. Rheological properties and microstructure of doughs were measured using a dynamic rheometer, rheofermentometer F3, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Measurements of viscoelastic properties showed that both G' and G '' of dough containing RCL and TO were greater than those of the control after 35 days of frozen storage. The SEM micrographs showed that dough containing RCL and TG had the most starch granules embedded in or attached to the gluten network, and the gluten seemed more powerful and resilient than for the control dough after 35 days of frozen storage. Results of the gas production and dough development tests indicated that RCL and TO improved the rheofermentative characteristics of frozen dough. RCL and TO could improve water-holding capacity and significantly increase the glycerol content of the control dough. Image analyses showed that bread crumbs containing RCL and TG had a more open network and uniform crumb structure, which resulted in higher specific volume. This combination also yielded a product with higher sensory scores for test breads. C1 [Li, Zhenni; Tang, Xiaojuan; Huang, Weining; Yao, Yuan] Jiangnan Univ, State Key Lab Food Sci & Technol, Sch Food Sci & Technol, Int Exchange & Cooperat Program, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Liu, Jerry Gang] Zhejiang Newland Foods Co, Hangzhou 311107, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Tilley, Michael] USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Huang, WN (reprint author), Jiangnan Univ, State Key Lab Food Sci & Technol, Sch Food Sci & Technol, Int Exchange & Cooperat Program, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM wnhuang@jiangnan.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31071595, 20576046]; National Agricultural Science and Technology Achievement Transfer Fund Project of China [2009GB23600520]; Ministry of Agriculture of China [nycytx-14] FX We are grateful for financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31071595 and 20576046), the National Agricultural Science and Technology Achievement Transfer Fund Project of China (2009GB23600520), and earmarked funding for the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (No. nycytx-14) from the Ministry of Agriculture of China. We also thank the Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China, for providing the RCL. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 41 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 88 IS 6 BP 596 EP 601 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-07-11-0082 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 871EM UT WOS:000298720700009 ER PT J AU Yoon, SC Park, B Lawrence, KC Windham, WR Heitschmidt, GW AF Yoon, Seung Chul Park, Bosoon Lawrence, Kurt C. Windham, William R. Heitschmidt, Gerald W. TI Line-scan hyperspectral imaging system for real-time inspection of poultry carcasses with fecal material and ingesta SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Real-time multispectral imaging; Hyperspectral imaging; Line scan; Poultry processing; Food safety; Fecal detection ID CONTAMINATION; CHICKEN AB In poultry processing plants, fecal material and ingesta are the primary source of carcass contamination with microbial pathogens. The current practice of the poultry inspection in the United States is primarily human visual observations. Since the visual inspection is becoming more challenging in poultry processing plants adopting high-speed lines, a rapid sorting system could significantly improve the detection and monitoring of carcasses with surface fecal material and ingesta. As a result, we developed a prototype line-scan hyperspectral imaging system configured as a real-time multispectral imaging subsystem for online detection of surface fecal material and ingesta. Specifically, we integrated a commercially available off-the-shelf hyperspectral image camera into the system with two line lights and a custom software program for real-time multispectral imaging. The bottleneck of the imaging system was the data acquisition. For that reason, a multithreaded software architecture was designed and implemented not only to meet the application requirements such as speed and detection accuracy, but also to be customizable to different imaging applications such as systemic disease detection in the future. The image acquisition and processing speed tests confirmed the system could operate to scan poultry carcasses in commercial poultry processing plants. The fecal detection algorithm was based on the previous research using different hyperspectral imaging systems. A new carcass detection and image formation algorithm was developed to allow existing image processing and detection algorithms reusable without any modifications. Sixteen chicken carcasses and four different types of fecal and ingesta samples were used in a study to test the imaging system at two different speeds (140 birds per minute and 180 birds per minute) in a pilot-scale poultry processing facility. The study found that the system could grab and process three waveband images of carcasses moving up to 180 birds per minute (a line-scan rate 286 Hz) and detect fecal material and ingesta on their surfaces. The detection accuracy of the system varied between 89% and 98% with minimum false positive errors (less than 1%), depending on tested detection algorithms. Therefore, these findings provide the basis of not only a commercially viable imaging platform for fecal detection but also a single poultry inspection system for multiple tasks such as systemic disease detection and quality sorting. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Yoon, Seung Chul; Park, Bosoon; Lawrence, Kurt C.; Windham, William R.; Heitschmidt, Gerald W.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Richard Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Yoon, SC (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Richard Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM seungchul.yoon@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 79 IS 2 BP 159 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2011.09.008 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 868PU UT WOS:000298536000008 ER PT J AU Susaeta, A Lal, P Alavalapati, J Mercer, E AF Susaeta, Andres Lal, Pankaj Alavalapati, Janaki Mercer, Evan TI Random preferences towards bioenergy environmental externalities: A case study of woody biomass based electricity in the Southern United States SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Choice experiment; Willingness to pay; Woody biomass; Electricity ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; CONTINGENT VALUATION; CHOICE EXPERIMENTS; GREEN ELECTRICITY; RENEWABLE ENERGY; CHEAP TALK; COAL; TORREFACTION; IMPACT; US AB This paper contrasts alternate methodological approaches of investigating public preferences, the random parameter logit (RPL) where tastes and preferences of respondents are assumed to be heterogeneous and the conditional logit (CL) approach where tastes and preferences remain fixed for individuals. We conducted a choice experiment to assess preferences for woody biomass based electricity in Arkansas, Florida, and Virginia. Reduction of CO(2) emissions and improvement of forest habitat by decreasing risk of wildfires and pest outbreaks were presented to respondents as attributes of using green electricity. The results indicate that heterogeneous preferences might be a better fit for assessing preferences for green electricity. All levels of both attributes were positive contributors to welfare but they were no statistically significant. Respondents expressed a positive mean marginal willingness to pay (WTP) for each attribute level. The total WTP for green electricity per kilowatt hour was $0.049 kWh or $40.5 per capita year(-1) when converted into future total annual expenditures. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Susaeta, Andres; Lal, Pankaj] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Susaeta, Andres; Alavalapati, Janaki] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24601 USA. [Mercer, Evan] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Susaeta, A (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, 315 Newins Ziegler Hall,POB 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM asusaeta@ufl.edu; pankajlal@ufl.edu; jrra@vt.edu; emercer@fs.fed.us NR 78 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-9883 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1111 EP 1118 DI 10.1016/j.eneco.2011.05.015 PG 8 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 859RV UT WOS:000297894400007 ER PT J AU McPhail, LL AF McPhail, Lihong Lu TI Assessing the impact of US ethanol on fossil fuel markets: A structural VAR approach SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Crude oil, gasoline, and ethanol; Demand or supply shocks; Structural Vector Auto Regression (VAR) ID OIL PRICES; MODELS AB Despite the growing importance of biofuels, the effect of biofuels on fossil fuel markets is not fully understood. We develop a joint structural Vector Auto Regression (VAR) model of the global crude oil, US gasoline, and US ethanol markets to examine whether the US ethanol market has had any impact on global oil markets. The structural VAR approach provides a unique method for decomposing price and quantity data into demand and supply shocks, allowing us to estimate the distinct dynamic effects of ethanol demand and supply shocks on the real prices of crude oil and US gasoline. Ethanol demand in the US is driven mainly by government support in the form of tax credits and blending mandates. Shocks to ethanol demand therefore reflect changes in policy more than any other factor. In contrast, ethanol supply shocks are driven by changes in feedstock prices. A principle finding is that a policy-driven ethanol demand expansion causes a statistically significant decline in real crude oil prices, while an ethanol supply expansion does not have a statistically significant impact on real oil prices. This suggests that even though US ethanol market is small, the influence of US biofuels policy on the crude oil market is pervasive. We also show that ethanol demand shocks are more important than ethanol supply shocks in explaining the fluctuation of real prices of crude oil and US gasoline. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP McPhail, LL (reprint author), ERS, USDA, 1800 M St NW,Room N5062, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM lmcphail@ers.usda.gov NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-9883 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1177 EP 1185 DI 10.1016/j.eneco.2011.04.012 PG 9 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 859RV UT WOS:000297894400014 ER PT J AU Mahama, A Hall, RB Zalesny, RS AF Mahama, Assibi Hall, Richard B. Zalesny, Ronald S., Jr. TI Differential interspecific incompatibility among Populus hybrids in sections Aigeiros Duby and Tacamahaca Spach SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE LA English DT Article DE forest genetics; tree improvement; hybridization; hybrid poplar; Populus deltoides; P. nigra; P. maximowiczii ID INTERSECTIONAL HYBRIDIZATION; IMMATURE EMBRYOS; BLACK COTTONWOOD; MENTOR POLLEN; DELTOIDES; CULTURE; POPLAR; BIOMASS; NIGRA; ALBA AB In our previous Populus breeding, compatible crosses between P. maximowiczii A. Henry and P. deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh corroborated the potential of interspecific hybrids, despite low seed set. Our current objective was to test the range of incompatibility among intraspecific and interspecific crosses using parental germplasm from the sections Aigeiros Duby (P. deltoides and P. nigra L.) and Tacamahaca Spach (P. maximowiczii). We determined the success rate of crosses, along with seed production and seedling viability. The success of crosses ranged from complete incompatibility to complete compatibility, with 29% to 85% of the transplanted germinants developing into healthy seedlings. C1 [Zalesny, Ronald S., Jr.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Mahama, Assibi; Hall, Richard B.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Zalesny, RS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM rzalesny@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station [19XSZ269C]; United States Department of Energy at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa [3905]; McIntire Stennis fund; State of Iowa fund FX Ron Zalesny presented the results of this study at the 2007 Annual Meeting of the Poplar Council of Canada; September 16-21, 2007; Quebec City, Quebec. This research was funded by the U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station, sub-contract 19XSZ269C with the Bioenergy Feedstock Development Program of the United States Department of Energy at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory; the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa, Project No. 3905, and supported by McIntire Stennis and State of Iowa funds. We thank Dr. Ken J. Moore (ISU Agronomy) for statistical advice. We are grateful to the following people for review of earlier versions of the manuscript: Edmund Bauer, Robert Bridges, David Coyle, Eric Gustafson, Bernie McMahon, Neil Nelson, Tom Schmidt, Adam Wiese, and Jill Zalesny. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY PI MATTAWA PA C/O CANADIAN ECOLOGY CENTRE, PO BOX 430, 6905 HWY 17 W, MATTAWA, ONTARIO P0H 1V0, CANADA SN 0015-7546 J9 FOREST CHRON JI For. Chron. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 87 IS 6 BP 790 EP 796 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 864US UT WOS:000298266600024 ER PT J AU Hoerner, R Feldpausch, J Gray, RL Curry, S Lewis, P Tolan, J Goldy, T Klein, F Neiditch, B Hosking, E Norton, P Rice, J Mozola, M Chen, Y Brodsky, M Ziemer, W AF Hoerner, Rebecca Feldpausch, Jill Gray, R. Lucas Curry, Stephanie Lewis, Paul Tolan, Jerry Goldy, Tim Klein, Frank Neiditch, Barry Hosking, Edan Norton, Paul Rice, Jennifer Mozola, Mark Chen, Yi Brodsky, Michael Ziemer, Wayne TI Reveal (R) E. coli 2.0 Method for Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Raw Beef SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL SWABS; MINOR MODIFICATION; METHOD VALIDATION; 20-HOUR METHOD; TEST SYSTEM; FOODS; O157/H7; SAMPLES AB Reveal (R) E. coli 2.0 is a new lateral-flow immunodiagnostic test for detection of E. coli O157:H7 and O157:NM in raw beef trim and ground beef. Compared with the original Reveal E. coli O157:H7 assay, the new test utilizes a unique antibody combination resulting in improved test specificity. The device architecture and test procedure have also been modified, and a single enrichment protocol was developed which allows the test to be performed at any point during an enrichment period of 12 to 20 h. Results of inclusivity and exclusivity testing showed that the test is specific for E. coli serotypes O157:H7 and O157:NM, with the exception of two strains of O157:H38 and one strain of O157:H43 which produced positive reactions. In internal and independent laboratory trials comparing the Reveal 2.0 method to the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Food Safety and Inspection Service reference culture procedure for detection of E. coli O157:H7 in 65 and 375 g raw beef trim and ground beef samples, there were no statistically significant differences in method performance with the exception of a single internal trial with 375 g ground beef samples in which the Reveal method produced significantly more positive results. There were no unconfirmed positive results by the Reveal assay, for specificity of 100%. Results of ruggedness testing showed that the Reveal test produces accurate results even with substantial deviation in sample volume or device incubation time or temperature. However, addition of the promoter reagent to the test sample prior to introducing the test device is essential to proper test performance. C1 [Hoerner, Rebecca; Feldpausch, Jill; Gray, R. Lucas; Curry, Stephanie; Lewis, Paul; Tolan, Jerry; Goldy, Tim; Klein, Frank; Neiditch, Barry; Hosking, Edan; Norton, Paul; Rice, Jennifer; Mozola, Mark] Neogen Corp, Lansing, MI 48912 USA. [Chen, Yi] Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, US Food & Drug Adm, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Ziemer, Wayne] Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Athens, GA USA. [Ziemer, Wayne] Richter Int, Independent Lab, Columbus, OH 43228 USA. RP Mozola, M (reprint author), Neogen Corp, 620 Lesher Pl, Lansing, MI 48912 USA. EM mmozola@neogen.com NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 EI 1944-7922 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 94 IS 6 BP 1835 EP 1845 DI 10.5740/jaoacint.11067 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 871EG UT WOS:000298720100018 PM 22320091 ER PT J AU Anderson, OD Bekes, F D'Ovidio, R AF Anderson, Olin D. Bekes, Ferenc D'Ovidio, Renato TI Effects of specific domains of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits on dough properties by an in vitro assay SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Wheat; Molecular biology; Glutenins; Repetitive ID MIXING PROPERTIES; HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION; REPETITIVE DOMAIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRANSGENIC WHEAT; WILD-TYPE; PROTEIN; REDUCTION; GENE; CONSTRUCTION AB An in vitro system for incorporating bacterially produced high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) into doughs was used to study the effects of specific domains of the HMW-GS. Synergistic effects of incorporating into doughs both the Dx5 and Dy10 subunits are localized to the N-terminal domains. All single and pair-wise combinations of original subunits and hybrid subunits with their N-terminal domains exchanged between Dx5 and Dy10 finds three classes of respondents: the greatest response is when the N-termini of both Dx5 and Dy10 are present, followed by presence of the Dx5 N-terminus alone, and the least response by the presence of the Dy10 N-terminus alone. In addition, studies of Dx5 variants possessing repetitive domains of different length and composition find evidence that the length of the HMW-GS repetitive domain is important for dough properties and that the exact composition of the repeat domain has a detectible, though lesser contribution. Finally, in this experimental system, the Glu-D1 x- and y-subunits function in the mixing experiments as if they were a fused dimer, although the exact molecular basis of the effect is not known. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Anderson, Olin D.] USDA ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Bekes, Ferenc] FBFD Pty LTD, Beecroft, NSW 2119, Australia. [D'Ovidio, Renato] Univ Tuscia, Dipartimento Agrobiol & Agrochim, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. RP Anderson, OD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM olin.anderson@ars.usda.gov; Ferenc.Bekes@csiro.au; dovidio@unitus.it RI Bekes, Ferenc/B-5933-2009; D'Ovidio, Renato/A-4379-2014 OI D'Ovidio, Renato/0000-0001-8530-5898 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 54 IS 3 BP 280 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2011.04.005 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 864DZ UT WOS:000298218500003 ER PT J AU Anderson, OD Bekes, F AF Anderson, Olin D. Bekes, Ferenc TI Incorporation of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits into doughs using 2 gram mixograph and extensigraphs SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Wheat; Molecular biology; Glutenins; Bread ID WHEAT STORAGE PROTEINS; BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; MIXING PROPERTIES; HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION; LINES; STRENGTH; FLOUR; GENES; 1BX20 AB To study the contributions of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMVV-GS) to the gluten macropolymer and dough properties, wheat HMW-GS (x- and y-types) are synthesized in a bacterial expression system. These subunits are then purified and used to supplement dough mixing and extensigraph experiments through dough partial reduction and reoxidation to allow these exogenously added HMW-GS to incorporate into gluten polymers. Detailed results are given for seven mixing and two extension parameters. HMW-GS synthesized in bacteria behaved similarly under these conditions to the same HMW-GS extracted from wheat flour. These experiments initially focused on the HMW-GS of the D-genome of hexaploid wheat encoded at the Glu-D1 locus; e.g. the Dx2, Dx5, Dy10, and Dy12 subunits. Experiments used five different flours and results are shown to be consistent when normalized to results from Dx5. The incorporation of Dx-type subunits into the gluten disulfide bonded network has greater effects on dough parameters than incorporation of Dy-type subunits. When Glu-D1 x- and y-type subunits are incorporated together, there are synergistic effects greater than those with either subunit type alone. This synergistic effect was greatest with approximately equal amounts of Dx- and Dy-type subunits - implying a 1:1 stoichiometric relationship. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Anderson, Olin D.] ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Bekes, Ferenc] FBFD Pty LTD, Beecroft, NSW 2119, Australia. RP Anderson, OD (reprint author), ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM olin.anderson@ars.usda.gov; Ferenc.Bekes@csiro.au RI Bekes, Ferenc/B-5933-2009 NR 37 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 54 IS 3 BP 288 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2011.06.001 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 864DZ UT WOS:000298218500004 ER PT J AU Garbrecht, JD AF Garbrecht, Jurgen D. TI Effects of Climate Variations and Soil Conservation on Sedimentation of a West-Central Oklahoma Reservoir SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Reservoir sedimentation; Watershed sediment yield; Soil conservation; Climate variation; Soil erosion ID RUNOFF; WATERSHEDS; TILLAGE; RESIDUE AB The effectiveness of soil conservation practices at reducing watershed sediment yield and effect on reservoir sedimentation is generally difficult to quantify. Here, a sedimentation survey of the Fort Cobb Reservoir in west-central Oklahoma and sediment load measurements on contributing tributaries provide an opportunity to address this question. During the second half of the twentieth century, extensive soil conservation practices were implemented on the Fort Cobb Reservoir watershed. Sediment and flow observations were made on major tributaries in 1943-1950 (preconservation time period) and again in 2004-2008 (postconservation time period). These data were used to compare watershed sediment yield and reservoir sedimentation during pre- and postconservation periods. Suspended sediment-discharge rating curves were developed for each of the two time periods and used to estimate average annual watershed sediment yield. Initial sediment yield estimates for pre- and postconservation conditions were 254,900 Mg/year (3.306 Mg/year/ha) and 247,700 Mg/year (3.213 Mg/year/ha), respectively. The apparent lack of responsiveness of sediment yield to conservation efforts was explained by a shift in the mid-1980s toward wetter climatic conditions. The wetter climate led to increased soil erosion, sediment transport, and sediment yield that offset reductions achieved by conservation efforts. Approximately a 60-65% reduction in sediment yield would have been achieved by conservation efforts if the climate characteristics had been constant over time. The mutually offsetting effects of a wetter climate and conservation efforts on sediment yield resulted in unabated sedimentation of the Fort Cobb Reservoir. The interaction between wetter climate and effectiveness of conservation practices was the basis for projecting future sedimentation rates and reservoir life span, which are shown to vary over a wide range depending on assumptions of prevailing climate over the next decades. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000377. (C) 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, USDA, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Garbrecht, JD (reprint author), ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, USDA, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM jurgen.garbrecht@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 16 IS 11 BP 899 EP 906 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000377 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 864MW UT WOS:000298245300007 ER PT J AU Ozeren, Y Wren, DG Asce, AM Altinakar, M Work, PA AF Ozeren, Y. Wren, D. G. Asce, A. M. Altinakar, M. Work, P. A. TI Experimental Investigation of Cylindrical Floating Breakwater Performance with Various Mooring Configurations SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Floating breakwaters; Wave transmission; Wave reflection; Energy dissipation; Arm restrained; Taut restrained; Pile restrained ID DESIGN AB Floating breakwaters are typically used to protect small marinas or for shoreline erosion control on limited-fetch water bodies in which wavelengths are relatively short, such as lakes, reservoirs, and bays. In spite of the large amount of literature on floating breakwaters, there is still a lack of knowledge on the performance of cylindrical breakwaters, which, as a result of their simplicity, can minimize construction and material costs. In this paper, we describe a laboratory investigation of the hydrodynamic interaction of cylindrical breakwaters with monochromatic waves in deep and transitional water depths such as are found in small reservoirs. The tested breakwater models feature single-and multiple-cylinder cross sections combined with bottom-moored, arm-restrained (connected to shoreline), and pile-restrained configurations. When the breakwater models were fixed, the reflection was higher than in the partially restrained models, and the efficiency was strongly dependent on draft ratio (z(d)/d, where z(d) is the draft and d is the height of the structure). For partially restrained models, dissipation strongly influenced the transmission coefficients. For the measured range of waves, z(d)/d 0.7 was the best of the tested draft ratios for the pile-restrained model. Horizontal restraint was found to be more important than vertical restraint in terms of improving breakwater efficiency. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000090. (C) 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Ozeren, Y.; Altinakar, M.] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Computat Hydrosci & Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. [Asce, A. M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Work, P. A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Savannah, GA 31407 USA. RP Ozeren, Y (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Computat Hydrosci & Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. EM yozeren@olemiss.edu; Daniel.Wren@ars.usda.gov; altinakar@ncche.olemiss.edu; paul.work@gatech.edu FU Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Water Management Office in Little Rock, Arkansas FX The writers would like to thank Keith Admire at the Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Water Management Office in Little Rock, Arkansas, for supporting this work. While there, Dennis Carman initiated the work and has continued to be a valuable resource. Glenn Gray provided invaluable technical support for all phases of the work. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 11 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 137 IS 6 BP 300 EP 309 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000090 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 864OG UT WOS:000298248900004 ER PT J AU Maruthachalam, K Klosterman, SJ Kang, S Hayes, RJ Subbarao, KV AF Maruthachalam, K. Klosterman, S. J. Kang, S. Hayes, R. J. Subbarao, K. V. TI Identification of Pathogenicity-Related Genes in the Vascular Wilt Fungus Verticillium dahliae by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated T-DNA Insertional Mutagenesis SO MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Verticillium dahliae; Lactuca sativa; ATMT; Pathogenicity related genes ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MAGNAPORTHE-ORYZAE; TRANSFORMATION; RESISTANCE; LETTUCE; INTEGRATION; CANDIDA; CLONING; TOOL AB Verticillium dahliae is the causal agent of vascular wilt in many economically important crops worldwide. Identification of genes that control pathogenicity or virulence may suggest targets for alternative control methods for this fungus. In this study, Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) was applied for insertional mutagenesis of V. dahliae conidia. Southern blot analysis indicated that T-DNAs were inserted randomly into the V. dahliae genome and that 69% of the transformants were the result of single copy T-DNA insertion. DNA sequences flanking T-DNA insertion were isolated through inverse PCR (iPCR), and these sequences were aligned to the genome sequence to identify the genomic position of insertion. V. dahliae mutants of particular interest selected based on culture phenotypes included those that had lost the ability to form microsclerotia and subsequently used for virulence assay. Based on the virulence assay of 181 transformants, we identified several mutant strains of V. dahliae that did not cause symptoms on lettuce plants. Among these mutants, T-DNA was inserted in genes encoding an endoglucanase 1 (VdEg-1), a hydroxyl-methyl glutaryl-CoA synthase (VdHMGS), a major facilitator superfamily 1 (VdMFS1), and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) mannosyltransferase 3 (VdGPIM3). These results suggest that ATMT can effectively be used to identify genes associated with pathogenicity and other functions in V. dahliae. C1 [Maruthachalam, K.; Subbarao, K. V.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Klosterman, S. J.; Hayes, R. J.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Kang, S.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Subbarao, KV (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, US Agr Res Stn, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM kvsubbarao@ucdavis.edu OI Subbarao, Krishna/0000-0002-2075-1835 FU California Leafy Greens Research Program; California Tomato Research Institute FX This research was supported in part by funding from the California Leafy Greens Research Program and the California Tomato Research Institute. The authors thank Rosa Marchebout, Francisco Hernandez, Amy Anchieta, and Dianna Hernandez for their technical assistance. NR 53 TC 28 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 23 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1073-6085 J9 MOL BIOTECHNOL JI Mol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 49 IS 3 BP 209 EP 221 DI 10.1007/s12033-011-9392-8 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 873DB UT WOS:000298860000001 PM 21424547 ER PT J AU McDougall, KL Khuroo, AA Loope, LL Parks, CG Pauchard, A Reshi, ZA Rushworth, I Kueffer, C AF McDougall, Keith L. Khuroo, Anzar A. Loope, Lloyd L. Parks, Catherine G. Pauchard, Anibal Reshi, Zafar A. Rushworth, Ian Kueffer, Christoph TI Plant Invasions in Mountains: Global Lessons for Better Management SO MOUNTAIN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Biosecurity; climate change; cross-scale learning; invasive alien plants; prevention ID SOUTH-AFRICA; KASHMIR HIMALAYA; WATER-RESOURCES; ALIEN FLORA; LAND-USE; PATTERNS; VEGETATION; GRADIENTS; ELEVATION; BENEFITS AB Mountains are one of few ecosystems little affected by plant invasions. However, the threat of invasion is likely to increase because of climate change, greater anthropogenic land use, and continuing novel introductions. Preventive management, therefore, will be crucial but can be difficult to promote when more pressing problems are unresolved and predictions are uncertain. In this essay, we use management case studies from 7 mountain regions to identify common lessons for effective preventive action. The degree of plant invasion in mountains was variable in the 7 regions as was the response to invasion, which ranged from lack of awareness by land managers of the potential impact in Chile and Kashmir to well-organized programs of prevention and containment in the United States (Hawaii and the Pacific Northwest), including prevention at low altitude. In Australia, awareness of the threat grew only after disruptive invasions. In South Africa, the economic benefits of removing alien plants are well recognized and funded in the form of employment programs. In the European Alps, there is little need for active management because no invasive species pose an immediate threat. From these case studies, we identify lessons for management of plant invasions in mountain ecosystems: (i) prevention is especially important in mountains because of their rugged terrain, where invasions can quickly become unmanageable; (ii) networks at local to global levels can assist with awareness raising and better prioritization of management actions; (iii) the economic importance of management should be identified and articulated; (iv) public acceptance of management programs will make them more effective; and (v) climate change needs to be considered. We suggest that comparisons of local case studies, such as those we have presented, have a pivotal place in the proactive solution of global change issues. C1 [McDougall, Keith L.] Off Environm & Heritage, Queanbeyan, NSW 2620, Australia. [Khuroo, Anzar A.; Reshi, Zafar A.] Univ Kashmir, Dept Bot, Ctr Biodivers & Taxon, Srinagar 190006, Jammu & Kashmir, India. [Loope, Lloyd L.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Makawao, HI USA. [Parks, Catherine G.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Pauchard, Anibal] Univ Concepcion, Fac Ciencias Forestales, Concepcion, Chile. [Pauchard, Anibal] Inst Ecol & Biodivers, Santiago, Chile. [Rushworth, Ian] Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, ZA-3202 Cascades, South Africa. [Kueffer, Christoph] ETH Zentrum, Inst Integrat Biol Plant Ecol, CHN, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP McDougall, KL (reprint author), Off Environm & Heritage, POB 733, Queanbeyan, NSW 2620, Australia. EM keith.mcdougall@environment.nsw.gov.au RI Kueffer, Christoph/H-6091-2013; Pauchard, Anibal/B-5034-2008; Khuroo, Anzar/D-1216-2015 OI Kueffer, Christoph/0000-0001-6701-0703; Pauchard, Anibal/0000-0003-1284-3163; Khuroo, Anzar/0000-0002-0251-2793 FU Programa de Fondos Basales; CONICYT; Initiciativa Cientifica Milenio, ICM [P05-002]; [PFB-23] FX The article builds on ideas from and discussion among members of the Mountain Invasion Research Network Consortium (http://www.miren.ethz.ch/people/index.html). Karsten Rohweder (ETHZ) kindly produced Figure 1. Anibal Pauchard received funding from Programa de Fondos Basales, CONICYT, PFB-23, and Initiciativa Cientifica Milenio, ICM P05-002. NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 57 PU MOUNTAIN RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT PI LAWRENCE PA BUSINESS OFFICE, 810 E 10TH ST, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KANSAS 66044-8897 USA SN 0276-4741 J9 MT RES DEV JI Mt. Res. Dev. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 31 IS 4 BP 380 EP 387 DI 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-11-00082.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 865ZR UT WOS:000298349900014 ER PT J AU Matas, AJ Yeats, TH Buda, GJ Zheng, Y Chatterjee, S Tohge, T Ponnala, L Adato, A Aharoni, A Stark, R Fernie, AR Fei, ZJ Giovannoni, JJ Rose, JKC AF Matas, Antonio J. Yeats, Trevor H. Buda, Gregory J. Zheng, Yi Chatterjee, Subhasish Tohge, Takayuki Ponnala, Lalit Adato, Avital Aharoni, Asaph Stark, Ruth Fernie, Alisdair R. Fei, Zhangjun Giovannoni, James J. Rose, Jocelyn K. C. TI Tissue- and Cell-Type Specific Transcriptome Profiling of Expanding Tomato Fruit Provides Insights into Metabolic and Regulatory Specialization and Cuticle Formation SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID LASER-CAPTURE MICRODISSECTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; ABSCISSION ZONE; WALL METABOLISM; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; RIPENING FRUIT; REVEALS; ARABIDOPSIS; EPIDERMIS; GENOMICS AB Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is the primary model for the study of fleshy fruits, and research in this species has elucidated many aspects of fruit physiology, development, and metabolism. However, most of these studies have involved homogenization of the fruit pericarp, with its many constituent cell types. Here, we describe the coupling of pyrosequencing technology with laser capture microdissection to characterize the transcriptomes of the five principal tissues of the pericarp from tomato fruits (outer and inner epidermal layers, collenchyma, parenchyma, and vascular tissues) at their maximal growth phase. A total of 20,976 high-quality expressed unigenes were identified, of which more than half were ubiquitous in their expression, while others were cell type specific or showed distinct expression patterns in specific tissues. The data provide new insights into the spatial distribution of many classes of regulatory and structural genes, including those involved in energy metabolism, source-sink relationships, secondary metabolite production, cell wall biology, and cuticle biogenesis. Finally, patterns of similar gene expression between tissues led to the characterization of a cuticle on the inner surface of the pericarp, demonstrating the utility of this approach as a platform for biological discovery. C1 [Matas, Antonio J.; Yeats, Trevor H.; Buda, Gregory J.; Rose, Jocelyn K. C.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Zheng, Yi; Fei, Zhangjun; Giovannoni, James J.] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Chatterjee, Subhasish; Stark, Ruth] CUNY, Grad Ctr, Dept Chem, City Coll New York, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Chatterjee, Subhasish; Stark, Ruth] Inst Macromol Assemblies, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Tohge, Takayuki; Fernie, Alisdair R.] Max Planck Inst Mol Pflanzenphysiol, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Ponnala, Lalit] Cornell Univ, Computat Biol Serv Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Adato, Avital; Aharoni, Asaph] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Plant Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Fei, Zhangjun; Giovannoni, James J.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Rose, JKC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jr286@cornell.edu RI Matas Arroyo, Antonio Javier/A-9325-2008; Chatterjee, Subhasish/C-5219-2014; Zheng, Yi/F-6150-2016; OI Matas Arroyo, Antonio Javier/0000-0003-4348-3930; Chatterjee, Subhasish/0000-0003-1351-3537; Zheng, Yi/0000-0002-8042-7770; Fei, Zhangjun/0000-0001-9684-1450 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0606595, IOS-0923312, MCB-0843627]; U.S.-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund [IS-4234-09]; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2006-35304-17323]; Cornell University [NYC-184462]; Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia; European Research Council FX We thank Mike Scanlon for use of the laser microdissection system and advice, Karl Niklas for helpful discussion, Tal Isaacson, Gloria LopezCasado, Ami Levi, Geoffrey Vermont, and Jonathan Fuller for technical assistance, and Xian Shun for assistance with FTIR analysis. This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (Plant Genome Program DBI-0606595 and IOS-0923312 Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, MCB-0843627), the U.S.-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (IS-4234-09), the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (Grant 2006-35304-17323), and a Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station-Hatch grant (NYC-184462). A.J.M. was supported by a Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia Fulbright fellowship. A. Aharoni is the incumbent of the Adolpho and Evelyn Blum Career Development Chair. Work in the Aharoni lab was supported by the European Research Council Project SAMIT (FP7 program). NR 90 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 5 U2 62 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 EI 1532-298X J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD NOV PY 2011 VL 23 IS 11 BP 3893 EP 3910 DI 10.1105/tpc.111.091173 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 870MT UT WOS:000298674200007 PM 22045915 ER PT J AU Peng, JL Yu, JB Wang, HL Guo, YQ Li, GM Bai, GH Chen, RJ AF Peng, Jianling Yu, Jianbin Wang, Hongliang Guo, Yingqing Li, Guangming Bai, Guihua Chen, Rujin TI Regulation of Compound Leaf Development in Medicago truncatula by Fused Compound Leaf1, a Class M KNOX Gene SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX GENE; RELATIVE CARDAMINE-HIRSUTA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; MORPHOGENESIS; TOMATO; MORPHOLOGY; EXPRESSION; LEAVES; HOMEODOMAIN AB Medicago truncatula is a legume species belonging to the inverted repeat lacking clade (IRLC) with trifoliolate compound leaves. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying development of trifoliolate leaves in legumes remain largely unknown. Here, we report isolation and characterization of fused compound leaf1 (fcl1) mutants of M. truncatula. Phenotypic analysis suggests that FCL1 plays a positive role in boundary separation and proximal-distal axis development of compound leaves. Map-based cloning indicates that FCL1 encodes a class M KNOX protein that harbors the MEINOX domain but lacks the homeodomain. Yeast two-hybrid assays show that FCL1 interacts with a subset of Arabidopsis thaliana BEL1-like proteins with slightly different substrate specificities from the Arabidopsis homolog KNATM-B. Double mutant analyses with M. truncatula single leaflet1 (sgl1) and palmate-like pentafoliata1 (palm1) leaf mutants show that fcl1 is epistatic to palm1 and sgl1 is epistatic to fcl1 in terms of leaf complexity and that SGL1 and FCL1 act additively and are required for petiole development. Previous studies have shown that the canonical KNOX proteins are not involved in compound leaf development in IRLC legumes. The identification of FCL1 supports the role of a truncated KNOX protein in compound leaf development in M. truncatula. C1 [Peng, Jianling; Wang, Hongliang; Guo, Yingqing; Li, Guangming; Chen, Rujin] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. [Peng, Jianling; Wang, Hongliang; Guo, Yingqing; Li, Guangming; Chen, Rujin] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Yu, Jianbin; Bai, Guihua] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Chen, RJ (reprint author), Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. EM rchen@noble.org RI Peng, Jianling/F-8814-2012 OI Peng, Jianling/0000-0002-9296-985X FU Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation; National Science Foundation [DBI 0703285] FX We thank members of the Chen laboratory for helpful discussions and comments on the manuscript. We also thank Junying Ma and Yuhong Tang, Jianghua Chen, Xiaofei Cheng and Jiangqi Wen, and Shuirong Zhang for assistance with RNA in situ hybridization, scanning electron microscopy, reverse genetic screens, and plant care, respectively, as well as Douglas Cook and Kirankumar Mysore for providing BAC clones and Tnt1 lines, respectively. Financial support for work done in the Chen laboratory was provided in part by the Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation and the National Science Foundation (DBI 0703285). NR 57 TC 14 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD NOV PY 2011 VL 23 IS 11 BP 3929 EP 3943 DI 10.1105/tpc.111.089128 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 870MT UT WOS:000298674200009 PM 22080596 ER PT J AU Sentandreu, M Martin, G Gonzalez-Schain, N Leivar, P Soy, J Tepperman, JM Quail, PH Monte, E AF Sentandreu, Maria Martin, Guiomar Gonzalez-Schain, Nahuel Leivar, Pablo Soy, Judit Tepperman, James M. Quail, Peter H. Monte, Elena TI Functional Profiling Identifies Genes Involved in Organ-Specific Branches of the PIF3 Regulatory Network in Arabidopsis SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR-3; LIGHT-DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT; BHLH TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; B-BOX PROTEIN; CHLOROPHYLL BIOSYNTHESIS; CHLOROPLAST DEVELOPMENT; MEDIATED DEGRADATION; NEGATIVE REGULATOR; SIGNALING NETWORKS; SHADE AVOIDANCE AB The phytochrome (phy)-interacting basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors (PIFs) constitutively sustain the etiolated state of dark-germinated seedlings by actively repressing deetiolation in darkness. This action is rapidly reversed upon light exposure by phy-induced proteolytic degradation of the PIFs. Here, we combined a microarray-based approach with a functional profiling strategy and identified four PIF3-regulated genes misexpressed in the dark (MIDAs) that are novel regulators of seedling deetiolation. We provide evidence that each one of these four MIDA genes regulates a specific facet of etiolation (hook maintenance, cotyledon appression, or hypocotyl elongation), indicating that there is branching in the signaling that PIF3 relays. Furthermore, combining inferred MIDA gene function from mutant analyses with their expression profiles in response to light-induced degradation of PIF3 provides evidence consistent with a model where the action of the PIF3/MIDA regulatory network enables an initial fast response to the light and subsequently prevents an overresponse to the initial light trigger, thus optimizing the seedling deetiolation process. Collectively, the data suggest that at least part of the phy/PIF system acts through these four MIDAs to initiate and optimize seedling deetiolation, and that this mechanism might allow the implementation of spatial (i.e., organ-specific) and temporal responses during the photomorphogenic program. C1 [Sentandreu, Maria; Martin, Guiomar; Gonzalez-Schain, Nahuel; Leivar, Pablo; Soy, Judit; Monte, Elena] Univ Barcelona, Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Recerca & Tecnol Agroalimentaries, Dept Mol Genet,Ctr Res Agr Gen,CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Tepperman, James M.; Quail, Peter H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tepperman, James M.; Quail, Peter H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Monte, E (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Recerca & Tecnol Agroalimentaries, Dept Mol Genet,Ctr Res Agr Gen,CSIC, Campus Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain. EM elena.monte@cragenomica.es RI Elena, Monte/I-7221-2015; Leivar, Pablo/D-7808-2017; OI Leivar, Pablo/0000-0003-4878-3684; Martin Matas, Guiomar/0000-0001-6642-1666 FU Junta para la Ampliacion de Estudios; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [JaePre_08_01049]; Generalitat de Catalunya; Marie Curie IRG [PIRG06-GA-2009-256420]; Marie Curie [IRG-046568]; Spanish "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion" [BIO2006-09254, BIO2009-07675]; Generalitat de Catalunya [2009-SGR-206] FX We thank Adrian J. Cutler for AOHSD seeds (mida1-OX) (Li et al., 2007) and Brian E. Ellis for MPK12RNAi seeds (mida11) (Lee et al., 2009). SALK (Alonso et al., 2003) and SAIL T-DNA lines were obtained from Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre. We thank Josep M. Casacuberta for helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a Junta para la Ampliacion de Estudios predoctoral fellowship from Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas to J.S. (JaePre_08_01049), by a "Comissionat per a Universitats i Recerca del Departament d'Innovacio, Universitats i Empresa" fellowship of the Generalitat de Catalunya (Beatriu de Pinos program) and Marie Curie IRG PIRG06-GA-2009-256420 grant to P.L., and by Marie Curie IRG-046568, Spanish "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion" BIO2006-09254 and BIO2009-07675, and Generalitat de Catalunya 2009-SGR-206 grants to E.M. NR 62 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD NOV PY 2011 VL 23 IS 11 BP 3974 EP 3991 DI 10.1105/tpc.111.088161 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 870MT UT WOS:000298674200012 PM 22108407 ER PT J AU Matsye, PD Kumar, R Hosseini, P Jones, CM Tremblay, A Alkharouf, NW Matthews, BF Klink, VP AF Matsye, Prachi D. Kumar, Ranjit Hosseini, Parsa Jones, Christina M. Tremblay, Arianne Alkharouf, Nadim W. Matthews, Benjamin F. Klink, Vincent P. TI Mapping cell fate decisions that occur during soybean defense responses SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Soybean; Glycine max; Soybean cyst nematode; SCN; Heterodera glycines; Microarray; Gene expression; Plant pathogen; Parasite; Affymetrix (R); Laser capture microdissection; PI 88788; Peking; PI 548402; Transcriptome; genome; gene expression; pathway analyses; rhg1; KEGG; Pathway Analysis and Integrated Coloring of Experiments; PAICE; Resistance; Illumina (R) ID NEMATODE HETERODERA-GLYCINES; CYST-NEMATODE; GENE-EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; JASMONIC ACID; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; RESISTANT REACTION; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; ROOTS AB The soybean defense response to the soybean cyst nematode was used as a model to map at cellular resolution its genotype-defined cell fate decisions occurring during its resistant reactions. The defense responses occur at the site of infection, a nurse cell known as the syncytium. Two major genotype-defined defense responses exist, the G. max([Peking])- and G. max([PI 88788])-types. Resistance in G. max([Peking]) is potent and rapid, accompanied by the formation of cell wall appositions (CWAs), structures known to perform important defense roles. In contrast, defense occurs by a potent but more prolonged reaction in G. max([PI 88788]), lacking CWAs. Comparative transcriptomic analyses with confirmation by Illumina (R) deep sequencing were organized through a custom-developed application, Pathway Analysis and Integrated Coloring of Experiments (PAICE) that presents gene expression of these cytologically and developmentally distinct defense responses using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) framework. The analyses resulted in the generation of 1,643 PAICE pathways, allowing better understanding of gene activity across all chromosomes. Analyses of the rhg1 resistance locus, defined within a 67 kb region of DNA demonstrate expression of an amino acid transporter and an alpha soluble NSF attachment protein gene specifically in syncytia undergoing their defense responses. C1 [Matsye, Prachi D.; Jones, Christina M.; Klink, Vincent P.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Kumar, Ranjit] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Bioinformat, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Hosseini, Parsa; Alkharouf, Nadim W.] Towson Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Jess & Mildred Fisher Coll Sci & Math, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Tremblay, Arianne; Matthews, Benjamin F.] USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Klink, VP (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM vklink@biology.msstate.edu FU Mississippi Soybean Promotion Board FX VPK thankfully acknowledges support provided by the Mississippi Soybean Promotion Board. Dr. Gary Lawrence, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University provided helpful insight into the developmental biology of H. glycines as they infect soybean and the defense responses of G. max[Peking/PI 548402] and G. max[PI 88788]. VPK thanks Dr. Halina Knap, Department of Agronomy, Plant Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetics, Clemson University for crucial insights during the analyses and writing of the manuscript. NR 92 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 77 IS 4-5 BP 513 EP 528 DI 10.1007/s11103-011-9828-3 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 875RE UT WOS:000299051200015 PM 21986905 ER PT J AU Ramasahayam, S Baraka, HN Bar, FMA Abuasal, BS Widrlechner, MP El Sayed, KA Meyer, SA AF Ramasahayam, Sindhura Baraka, Hany N. Bar, Fatma M. Abdel Abuasal, Bilal S. Widrlechner, Mark P. El Sayed, Khalid A. Meyer, Sharon A. TI Effects of Chemically Characterized Fractions from Aerial Parts of Echinacea purpurea and E. angustifolia on Myelopoiesis in Rats SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article DE Echinacea angustifolia; Echinacea purpurea; Asteraceae; immune function; herbal supplement; medium-chain triglyceride additive ID MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION; CANNABINOID RECEPTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; COMMON COLD; L. MOENCH; ALKYLAMIDES; ALKAMIDES; CELLS; IMMUNE; CB2 AB Echinacea species are used for beneficial effects on immune function, and various prevalent phytochemicals have immunomodulatory effects. Using a commercial E. purpurea (L.) Moench product, we have evaluated the myelopoietic effect on bone marrow of rats treated with various extracts and correlated this with their chemical class composition. Granulocyte/macrophage-colony forming cells (GM-CFCs) from femurs of female Sprague-Dawley rats were assessed at 24 h after 7 daily oral treatments. A 75% ethanolic extract at 50 mg dried weight (derived from 227mg aerial parts) per kg body weight increased GM-CFCs by 70% but at 100 mg/kg was without effect. Ethanolic extracts from aerial parts of E. angustifolia DC. var. angustifolia and E. purpurea from the USDA North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station increased GM-CFCs by 3- and 2-fold, respectively, at 200 mg/kg (similar to 1400mg/kg plant material). Extract from another USDA E. angustifolia was inactive. Proton and APT NMR, MS, and TLC indicated alkylamides and caffeic-acid derivatives (CADs) present in ethanolic extracts of both the commercial and USDA-derived material. Cichoric and caftaric acids were prominent in both E. purpurea ethanolic extracts but absent in E. angustifolia. Aqueous extract of the commercial material exhibited polysaccharide and CAD signatures and was without effect on GM-CFCs. A methanol-CHCl(3) fraction of commercial source, also inactive, was almost exclusively 1: 4 nonanoic: decanoic acids, which were also abundant in commercial ethanolic extract but absent from USDA material. In conclusion, we have demonstrated an ethanolextractable myelostimulatory activity in Echinacea aerial parts that, when obtained from commercial herbal supplements, may be antagonized by medium-chain fatty acids presumably derived from a non-plant additive. C1 [Ramasahayam, Sindhura; Meyer, Sharon A.] Univ Louisiana Monroe, Dept Toxicol, Monroe, LA 71201 USA. [Baraka, Hany N.; Bar, Fatma M. Abdel; Abuasal, Bilal S.; El Sayed, Khalid A.] Univ Louisiana Monroe, Dept Basic Pharmaceut Sci, Monroe, LA 71201 USA. [Widrlechner, Mark P.] Iowa State Univ, N Cent Reg Plant Intro Stn, USDA, ARS, Ames, IA USA. RP Meyer, SA (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Monroe, Dept Toxicol, 1800 Bienville Dr, Monroe, LA 71201 USA. EM meyer@ulm.edu OI Abdel Bar, Fatma/0000-0002-4690-4975 FU U.S. Department of Defense [W81XWH0-5-1-0537]; National Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine [P50AT004155] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Defense through Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program grant W81XWH0-5-1-0537 (SAM) and by award number P50AT004155 from the National Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine (MPW). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Department of Defense, National Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine, or the National Institutes of Health. Mention of commercial brand names does not constitute an endorsement of any product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or cooperating agencies. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 77 IS 17 BP 1883 EP 1889 DI 10.1055/s-0031-1279990 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 872ZX UT WOS:000298851200004 PM 21870322 ER PT J AU Westermann, DT Teran, H Munoz-Perea, CG Singh, SP AF Westermann, Dale T. Teran, Henry Munoz-Perea, Carlos G. Singh, Shree P. TI Plant and seed nutrient uptake in common bean in seven organic and conventional production systems SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE On-farm evaluation; on-station evaluation; Phaseolus vulgaris L.; plant nutrient uptake; seed nutrient uptake ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L.; DROUGHT RESISTANCE; USE EFFICIENCY; RACE DURANGO; WATER-STRESS; QTL ANALYSIS; CULTIVARS; LANDRACES; ZINC; INHERITANCE AB Westermann, D. T., Teran, H., Munoz-Perea, C. G. and Singh, S. P. 2011. Plant and seed nutrient uptake in common bean in seven organic and conventional production systems. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 1089-1099. Knowledge of plant and seed nutrient uptake by crop cultivars in organic and conventional production systems (PS) is essential for breeding the most appropriate genotypes for each PS. The objective was to determine the plant and seed uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) by 16 common bean genotypes. We also identified genotypes efficient in plant and seed nutrient uptake across seven organic and conventional PS. A randomized complete block design with four replicates (one plot per replicate) was used for evaluation in each of seven organic and conventional PS in 2003 and 2004. The effects of plant and seed uptake of nutrients, genotypes, PS, and the genotype x PS interaction were significant (P <= 0.05). Plant and seed uptake of nutrients decreased in on-station continual dry bean and drought-stressed and on-farm organic low-input compared with on-station conventional irrigated and on-farm organic high-input PS. Common bean genotypes with higher biomass yield, in general, also had higher nutrient uptake, regardless of PS. In general, N and P uptakes were high and that for Mn was markedly low among common bean genotypes. Pinto CO46348, Bill Z, and Othello and Mexican red NW-63 and UI 239 were high-yielding and used nutrients more efficiently across seven organic and conventional PS and years. Other cultivars either had low biomass and seed yield (e.g., Common Pinto, Topaz, Common Red Mexican, UI 59) or were more efficient at whole-plant uptake or seed uptake of nutrients, but not both (e.g., Matterhorn, UI 465). Use of the above five genotypes should be maximized for production in both organic and conventional PS, and for breeding high-yielding broadly adapted cultivars efficient in plant and seed nutrient uptake in organic and conventional PS. C1 [Singh, Shree P.] Univ Idaho, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Westermann, Dale T.] USDA ARS NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Teran, Henry] Pioneer Hibred Intl, Salinas, PR 00751 USA. [Munoz-Perea, Carlos G.] Univ Nacl Colombia, Palmira, Colombia. RP Singh, SP (reprint author), Univ Idaho, 3793 North,3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM singh@kimberly.uidaho.edu FU USDA-Western Regional Sustainable Agricultural Research and Education, Logan, UT [WS02-038]; USDA-ARS-NWISRL, Kimberly, Idaho; College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho FX Funds received from the USDA-Western Regional Sustainable Agricultural Research and Education program, Logan, UT, from 2002 to 2005 for this project (WS02-038) are highly appreciated. The authors also thank M. Kay for assisting with plant sampling and nutrient analyses and the USDA-ARS-NWISRL, Kimberly, Idaho and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, for the complementary financial support. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 24 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 EI 1918-1833 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1089 EP 1099 DI 10.4141/CJPS10114 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 859RX UT WOS:000297894600015 ER PT J AU Sorrells, ME Gustafson, JP Somers, D Chao, SM Benscher, D Guedira-Brown, G Huttner, E Kilian, A McGuire, PE Ross, K Tanaka, J Wenzl, P Williams, K Qualset, CO AF Sorrells, Mark E. Gustafson, J. Perry Somers, Daryl Chao, Shiaoman Benscher, David Guedira-Brown, Gina Huttner, Eric Kilian, Andrezj McGuire, Patrick E. Ross, Kathleen Tanaka, James Wenzl, Peter Williams, Keith Qualset, Calvin O. TI Reconstruction of the Synthetic W7984 x Opata M85 wheat reference population SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE reference populations; mapping; core collections; molecular markers ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; BARLEY HORDEUM-VULGARE; MOLECULAR-GENETIC MAPS; LEAF RUST RESISTANCE; L EM THELL; LINKAGE MAP; MARKERS; GENOME; MAIZE; RICE AB Reference populations are valuable resources in genetics studies for determining marker order, marker selection, trait mapping, construction of large-insert libraries, cross-referencing marker platforms, and genome sequencing. Reference populations can be propagated indefinitely, they are polymorphic and have normal segregation. Described are two new reference populations who share the same parents of the original wheat reference population Synthetic W7984 (Altar84/Aegilops tauschii (219) CIGM86.940) x Opata M85, an F(1)-derived doubled haploid population (SynOpDH) of 215 inbred lines and a recombinant inbred population (SynOpRIL) of 2039 F(6) lines derived by single-plant self-pollinations. A linkage map was constructed for the SynOpDH population using 1446 markers. In addition, a core set of 42 SSR markers was genotyped on SynOpRIL. A new approach to identifying a core set of markers used a step-wise selection protocol based on polymorphism, uniform chromosome distribution, and reliability to create nested sets starting with one marker per chromosome, followed by two, four, and six. It is suggested that researchers use these markers as anchors for all future mapping projects to facilitate cross-referencing markers and chromosome locations. To enhance this public resource, researchers are strongly urged to validate line identities and deposit their data in GrainGenes so that others can benefit from the accumulated information. C1 [Sorrells, Mark E.; Benscher, David; Tanaka, James; Williams, Keith] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Gustafson, J. Perry; Ross, Kathleen] Univ Missouri, ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Somers, Daryl] Vineland Res & Innovat Ctr, Vineland Stn, ON L0R 2E0, Canada. [Chao, Shiaoman] ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Guedira-Brown, Gina] N Carolina State Univ, ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Genotyping Lab, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Huttner, Eric; Kilian, Andrezj] Divers Arrays Technol Pty Ltd, Yarralumla, ACT 2600, Australia. [McGuire, Patrick E.; Qualset, Calvin O.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wenzl, Peter] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Crop Res Informat Lab, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Sorrells, ME (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Emerson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mes12@cornell.edu FU USDA - National Institute of Food and Agriculture National Research Initiative CAP [2005-05130]; Hatch [149-402]; USDA - Agriculture Research Service Current Research Information System [5442-22000-030-00D]; Grains Research and Development Corporation of Australia; Kansas State University; North Dakota State University; Murdoch University; Monsanto Co.; California Crop Improvement Association FX This study has been supported by USDA - National Institute of Food and Agriculture National Research Initiative CAP grant No. 2005-05130, by Hatch 149-402, USDA - Agriculture Research Service Current Research Information System project 5442-22000-030-00D, and the Grains Research and Development Corporation of Australia. Financial support for the seed regeneration at Davis, California, was generously provided by Kansas State University, North Dakota State University, Murdoch University, Monsanto Co., and the California Crop Improvement Association. NR 39 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 13 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD NOV PY 2011 VL 54 IS 11 BP 875 EP 882 DI 10.1139/G11-054 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 861JX UT WOS:000298016300001 PM 21999208 ER PT J AU Johnson, KD Harden, J McGuire, AD Bliss, NB Bockheim, JG Clark, M Nettleton-Hollingsworth, T Jorgenson, MT Kane, ES Mack, M O'Donnell, J Ping, CL Schuur, EAG Turetsky, MR Valentine, DW AF Johnson, Kristofer D. Harden, Jennifer McGuire, A. David Bliss, Norman B. Bockheim, James G. Clark, Mark Nettleton-Hollingsworth, Teresa Jorgenson, M. Torre Kane, Evan S. Mack, Michelle O'Donnell, Jonathan Ping, Chien-Lu Schuur, Edward A. G. Turetsky, Merritt R. Valentine, David W. TI Soil carbon distribution in Alaska in relation to soil-forming factors SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Soil carbon; Soil forming factors; Arctic; Boreal; Permafrost; Alaska ID PERMAFROST-AFFECTED SOILS; INTERIOR ALASKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ORGANIC-CARBON; BLACK SPRUCE; BOREAL FORESTS; ARCTIC ALASKA; UNITED-STATES; TUNDRA SOILS; WHITE SPRUCE AB The direction and magnitude of soil organic carbon (SOC) changes in response to climate change remain unclear and depend on the spatial distribution of SOC: across landscapes. Uncertainties regarding the fate of SOC are greater in high-latitude systems where data are sparse and the soils are affected by sub-zero temperatures. To address these issues in Alaska, a first-order assessment of data gaps and spatial distributions of SOC was conducted from a recently compiled soil carbon database. Temperature and landform type were the dominant controls on SOC distribution for selected ecoregions. Mean SOC pools (to a depth of 1-m) varied by three, seven and ten-fold across ecoregion, landform, and ecosystem types, respectively. Climate interactions with landform type and SOC were greatest in the uplands. For upland SOC there was a six-fold non-linear increase in SOC with latitude (i.e., temperature) where SOC was lowest in the Intermontane Boreal compared to the Arctic Tundra and Coastal Rainforest. Additionally, in upland systems mineral SOC pools decreased as climate became more continental, suggesting that the lower productivity, higher decomposition rates and fire activity, common in continental climates, interacted to reduce mineral SOC. For lowland systems, in contrast, these interactions and their impacts on SOC were muted or absent making SOC in these environments more comparable across latitudes. Thus, the magnitudes of SOC change across temperature gradients were non-uniform and depended on landform type. Additional factors that appeared to be related to SOC distribution within ecoregions included stand age, aspect, and permafrost presence or absence in black spruce stands. Overall, these results indicate the influence of major interactions between temperature-controlled decomposition and topography on SOC in high-latitude systems. However, there remains a need for more SOC data from wetlands and boreal-region permafrost soils, especially at depths > 1 m in order to fully understand the effects of climate on soil carbon in Alaska. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Johnson, Kristofer D.; McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Harden, Jennifer] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bliss, Norman B.] US Geol Survey, ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Bockheim, James G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Clark, Mark] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. [Nettleton-Hollingsworth, Teresa] US Forest Serv, Boreal Ecol Cooperat Res Unit, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Jorgenson, M. Torre] Alaska Ecosci, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Kane, Evan S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Mack, Michelle; Schuur, Edward A. G.] Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [O'Donnell, Jonathan] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Ping, Chien-Lu] Univ Alaska, Agr & Forestry Expt Stn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 1G2, Canada. [Valentine, David W.] Univ Alaska, Dept Forest Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Johnson, KD (reprint author), 11 Campus Blvd,Ste 200, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM kristoferdjohnson@fs.fed.us RI Clark, Mark /E-3509-2010; Turetsky, Merritt/B-1255-2013 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This assessment, and the workshop which led to the creation of the soil carbon database used in the assessment, was sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey funded research on "Assessing the Role of Deep Soil Organic Carbon in Interior Alaska: Data, Models, and Spatial/Temporal Dynamics". The help of Deb Agarwal and Catharine Van Ingen from Lawrence Berkeley National Labs and Microsoft Research were essential for the creation and logistical support of the soil carbon database. We also acknowledge the very helpful reviews given by Bronwen Wang, Shuguang Liu, Ingeborg Callesen and one anonymous reviewer. NR 85 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 7 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD NOV PY 2011 VL 167-68 BP 71 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.10.006 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 861OL UT WOS:000298029000009 ER PT J AU White, KE Reeves, JB Coale, FJ AF White, Kathryn E. Reeves, James B., III Coale, Frank J. TI Mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for the rapid analysis of plant root composition SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Roots; Mid-infrared; Spectroscopy; Lignin; Suberin ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; GRASSLAND SOIL; CELL-WALLS; CARBON; SUBERIN; LIGNIN; FOREST; STABILIZATION; MECHANISMS; COMPONENTS AB Roots are an important contributor of recalcitrant organic carbon compounds for soil organic matter formation, but little is known about the composition of many species. There is a need for techniques capable of rapidly assessing significant, but often overlooked, carbon sinks such as roots. Diffuse reflectance mid-infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) has great potential for the analysis and characterization of plant root composition. The objectives of this research were to compare the DRIFTS spectra of roots of different species using whole root samples and root fiber fractions and to identify spectral features indicative of important root macromolecules in order to evaluate the potential of DRIFTS to determine root composition. A wide variety of roots from agronomic and horticultural crops, ornamental plants, and native plants were collected and analyzed by DRIFTS. Samples were ground in a cyclone grinder to pass a 20 mesh screen and scanned without KBr dilution from 400 to 4000 cm(-1) using KBr as the background. In addition, traditional fiber analysis of a subset of roots and DRIFTS analysis of the resulting fiber fractions (neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin and wax) were utilized to identify spectral features associated with those fractions. Results indicate that the roots of the same species are similar despite differences in climate, soil and fertilization, while important differences were noted between roots of different species. Tree root lignins appeared to be similar to their above ground counterparts based on comparison with published data. Root lignins for all studied species varied by species. Spectral analysis was consistent with chemical fiber analysis composition data and revealed features that may be indicative of root suberin content. Further research is necessary to confirm that these features are related to suberin. Overall, the results of this research demonstrate the potential of DRIFTS for the characterization of plant root composition and as a tool to rapidly screen large numbers of samples for more effective utilization of more time-consuming analytical procedures. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [White, Kathryn E.; Reeves, James B., III] ARS, USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [White, Kathryn E.; Coale, Frank J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP White, KE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 308 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Kate.White@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD NOV PY 2011 VL 167-68 BP 197 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.08.009 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 861OL UT WOS:000298029000021 ER PT J AU Penick, CA Liebig, J Brent, CS AF Penick, Clint A. Liebig, Juergen Brent, Colin S. TI Reproduction, dominance, and caste: endocrine profiles of queens and workers of the ant Harpegnathos saltator SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY A-NEUROETHOLOGY SENSORY NEURAL AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Juvenile hormone; Ecdysone; Dominance; Division of labor; Colony growth-rate ID JUVENILE-HORMONE TITERS; PRIMITIVELY EUSOCIAL WASP; BEES APIS-MELLIFERA; DIVISION-OF-LABOR; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; HONEY-BEES; PONERINE ANT; FIRE ANT; OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT; POLISTES-CHINENSIS AB The regulation of reproduction within insect societies is a key component of the evolution of eusociality. Differential patterns of hormone levels often underlie the reproductive division of labor observed among colony members, and further task partitioning among workers is also often correlated with differences in juvenile hormone (JH) and ecdysteroid content. We measured JH and ecdysteroid content of workers and queens of the ant Harpegnathos saltator. In this species, new colonies are founded by a single queen, but after she dies workers compete in an elaborate dominance tournament to decide a new group of reproductives termed "gamergates." Our comparisons revealed that queens, gamergates, and inside workers (nonreproductive) did not differ in levels of JH or ecdysteroids. However, increased JH and decreased ecdysteroid content was observed in outside workers exhibiting foraging behavior. Application of a JH analog to virgin queens of H. saltator, although effective at inducing dealation, failed to promote egg production. Together, these results support the hypothesis that JH has lost its reproductive function in H. saltator to regulate foraging among the worker caste. C1 [Penick, Clint A.; Liebig, Juergen] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Brent, Colin S.] Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Penick, CA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Clint.Penick@asu.edu OI Penick, Clint/0000-0002-5368-507X; Brent, Colin/0000-0003-2078-1417 NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-7594 J9 J COMP PHYSIOL A JI J. Comp. Physiol. A -Neuroethol. Sens. Neural Behav. Physiol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 197 IS 11 BP 1063 EP 1071 DI 10.1007/s00359-011-0667-0 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Physiology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology; Zoology GA 869VV UT WOS:000298627200004 PM 21773739 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, CA LaFrentz, BR Klesius, PH AF Shoemaker, Craig A. LaFrentz, Benjamin R. Klesius, Phillip H. TI Vaccination of sex reversed hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus) with an inactivated Vibrio vulnificus vaccine SO BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Article DE Vibrio vulnificus; Vaccine; Tilapia; Aquaculture ID BIOTYPE 2; ANGUILLA-ANGUILLA; SEROVAR-E; IDENTIFICATION; EFFICACY; STRAINS; PATHOGENESIS; INFECTION; ROUTES; GENES AB Vibrio vulnificus causes disease in economically important aquaculture raised fish and is an opportunistic human pathogen. This study reports on the isolation of V. vulnificus from diseased hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus) cultured in a North American water reuse facility. Our objectives were to characterize the isolate using biochemical and molecular methods, develop a disease challenge model, and determine the ability of a formalin inactivated whole-cell vaccine to protect against V. vulnificus. The V. vulnificus isolate recovered was biotype 1, 16S rRNA type B. vcg type C, and vvhA type 2 and caused disease in tilapia held in static salt water (1.5 g/l sea salt). Fish vaccinated with the formalin inactivated whole-cell vaccine responded to vaccination with titers from vaccinated fish ranging from 32 to 64 and titers from non-vaccinated fish ranging from 4 to 8. In two trials, vaccinated tilapia exhibited relative percent survival (RPS) of 73 and 60% following homologous isolate challenge. In two additional trials, vaccinated tilapia exhibited RPS values of up to 88% following challenge with a heterologous isolate; the use of a mineral oil adjuvant enhanced protection. This vaccine may provide an effective means of preventing infections caused by biochemically and genetically diverse V. vulnificus. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The International Alliance for Biological Standardization. C1 [Shoemaker, Craig A.; LaFrentz, Benjamin R.; Klesius, Phillip H.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Shoemaker, CA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM craig.shoemaker@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [6420-32000-024-00D] FX The authors thank Paige Mumma, Alberta Pink and Ning Qin of USDA-ARS for their technical assistance and Curtis Day of USDA-ARS for assistance with animal care. This research was funded by USDA-ARS CRIS Project No. 6420-32000-024-00D (Integrated Aquatic Animal Health Strategies). The authors thank Dr. Mark Strom (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health, Seattle, WA) and Dr. Dehai Xu (USDA-ARS, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, Auburn, AL) for providing critical review of the manuscript prior to submission. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1045-1056 J9 BIOLOGICALS JI Biologicals PD NOV PY 2011 VL 39 IS 6 BP 424 EP 429 DI 10.1016/j.biologicals.2011.08.004 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 853AT UT WOS:000297399300008 PM 21982852 ER PT J AU Olofsson, TC Vasquez, A Sammataro, D Macharia, J AF Olofsson, Tobias C. Vasquez, Alejandra Sammataro, Diana Macharia, Joseph TI A scientific note on the lactic acid bacterial flora within the honeybee subspecies Apis mellifera (Buckfast), A. m. scutellata, A. m. mellifera, and A. m. monticola SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Lactobacillus; Bifidobacterium; Apis mellifera; co-evolution; 16S rRNA genes C1 [Olofsson, Tobias C.] Lund Univ, Dept Cell & Organism Biol, Microbiol Lab Campus Helsingborg, SE-25108 Helsingborg, Sweden. [Sammataro, Diana] Univ Arizona, USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Honey Bee Res Ctr, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Macharia, Joseph] Jomo Kenyatta Univ Agr & Technol, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Olofsson, TC (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Cell & Organism Biol, Microbiol Lab Campus Helsingborg, Campus Helsingborg,Ronnowsgatan 6, SE-25108 Helsingborg, Sweden. EM tobias.olofsson@cob.lu.se FU Ekhagastiftelsen, SparbankstiftelsenSkane; Swedish Research Council Formas FX This study was financed by Ekhagastiftelsen, SparbankstiftelsenSkane and the Swedish Research Council Formas. We are grateful for the help of the beekeeper and project leader of Nordbi (Apis mellifera mellifera) Ingvar Arvidsson. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 28 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD NOV PY 2011 VL 42 IS 6 BP 696 EP 699 DI 10.1007/s13592-011-0064-2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 857GY UT WOS:000297707400003 ER PT J AU Schrader, KK Green, BW Perschbacher, PW AF Schrader, Kevin K. Green, Bartholomew W. Perschbacher, Peter W. TI Development of phytoplankton communities and common off-flavors in a biofloc technology system used for the culture of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Biofloc; Channel catfish; Cyanobacteria; Geosmin; Phytoplankton; 2-Methylisoborneol ID AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS; MINIMAL-EXCHANGE; PONDS; 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; GEOSMIN; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; REMOVAL AB The use of biofloc technology production systems continues to increase in the aquaculture industry worldwide. Recent research demonstrated that outdoor biofloc systems can be used to produce high yields of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). However, studies have not yet been performed to determine the development and composition of phytoplankton communities and related off-flavor problems in these biofloc production systems. In this study, water samples were collected biweekly from May to November and channel catfish samples were collected during harvest in November from nine 18.6 m(2) biofloc culture tanks. Water and fillet samples were analyzed for levels of the common off-flavor compounds geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB). The development and composition of phytoplankton communities in each culture tank was also monitored. In addition, water and biofloc samples were evaluated to assess the microbial sources of geosmin and MIB within the culture tanks. Phytoplankton (including algae and cyanobacteria attached to bioflocs) biomass, as determined by concentrations of chlorophyll a in the water, gradually increased in all tanks over time. Phytoplankton communities that developed in the culture tanks were dominated by fast-growing, unicellular and small colonial types of green algae (chlorophytes) and diatoms (bacillariophytes) and slower growing, small colonial types of cyanobacteria (cyanophytes). A positive correlation (p < 0.05) between cumulative feed addition and chlorophyll a concentration was found. Although geosmin and MIB were present in the culture water of each tank during most of the study, levels were typically low and only one tank yielded catfish with geosmin and MIB in their flesh at levels high enough to be designated as off-flavor. A positive correlation (p < 0.05) between cumulative feed addition and MIB concentrations in the water of culture tanks indicates a greater potential for MIB-related off-flavor problems at high feed application rates. The microbial sources responsible for production of geosmin and MIB in the culture tanks remain unknown. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Schrader, Kevin K.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Green, Bartholomew W.] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Perschbacher, Peter W.] Univ Arkansas Pine Bluff, Aquaculture Fisheries Ctr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. RP Schrader, KK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kevin.schrader@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 45 IS 3 BP 118 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2011.08.004 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 858WL UT WOS:000297833800004 ER PT J AU Martin, MR Tipping, PW Reddy, KR Madeira, PT Fitzgerald, D AF Martin, Melissa R. Tipping, Philip W. Reddy, K. R. Madeira, Paul T. Fitzgerald, Danyelle TI An evaluation of the impact of Melaleuca quinquenervia invasion and management on plant community structure after fire SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Fire; Invasion; Management; Melaleuca quinquenervia; Richness ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; UNITED-STATES; RESTORATION; DISTURBANCE; TREE; COMPONENTS; DIVERSITY; REMOVAL; GRASSES; REGIMES AB Two questions were asked in this study: after a fire, does the choice of invasive plant management strategy, namely herbicidal or biological, alter (1) plant community assemblages and (2) the re-invasion potential of the Australian tree Melaleuca quinquenervia? Plant species richness was highest in the non-invaded and herbicide sites compared to the biological site with 10.5, 10.8, and 8.25 species m(-2) found in each site, respectively. Although the total count of live and dead seedlings was highest in the biologically controlled site at 22.8 and 13.6 plants m(-2), respectively, M. quinquenervia seedlings were recruited in all sites. While the ultimate goal of management programs is to restore ecosystem integrity, this work provides evidence that passive restoration may not be enough to restore plant community structure in this system. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Martin, Melissa R.; Reddy, K. R.] Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Tipping, Philip W.; Madeira, Paul T.; Fitzgerald, Danyelle] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Martin, MR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, ARM Loxahatchee Natl Wildlife Refuge, 10218 Lee Rd, Boynton Beach, FL 33473 USA. EM melissa_martin@fws.gov; Philip.Tipping@ars.usda.gov; krr@ufl.edu; Paul.Madeira@ars.usda.gov; Danyelle.Fitzgerald@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [0504422]; Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council; University of Florida; Everglades Foundation FX We are especially appreciative of the invaluable insights and long hours of field support of the staff of the USDA-ARS Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, including Eileen Pokorny, Kayla Nimmo, Susan Keusch, Elizabeth Mattison, and Elizabeth Bolton. We also thank Gavin Wilson, Yu Wang, and Vivana Nadal for laboratory and technical support. This work was partially funded by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. (0504422), the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council, the Sam Polston Memorial Fellowship at the University of Florida, and the Everglades Foundation Graduate Fellowship Program. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 95 IS 4 BP 287 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2011.08.004 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 859MA UT WOS:000297879300007 ER PT J AU Nelson, LA Scheffer, SJ Yeates, DK AF Nelson, Leigh A. Scheffer, Sonja J. Yeates, David K. TI Two new species of sympatric Fergusonina Malloch flies (Diptera: Fergusoninidae) from bud galls on high-elevation snow gums (Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieb. ex Spreng. complex) in the Australian Alps SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COI; morphology; mutualism; Myrtaceae; nematode ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; MELALEUCA-QUINQUENERVIA; 1ST RECORD; MYRTACEAE; NEOTYLENCHIDAE; TYLENCHIDA; NEMATODA; ASSOCIATIONS; EVOLUTION AB Two Fergusonina (Diptera: Fergusoninidae) flies are described from terminal leaf bud galls on high-elevation snow gums (Eucalyptus pauciflora complex) in the Australian Alps. The new species, Fergusonina daviesae Nelson and Yeates sp. nov. and Fergusonina taylori Nelson and Yeates sp. nov., occur in sympatry at the six collection locations. After extensive field studies, these are the only two Fergusonina species that have been found on high-elevation snow gums. The two can be distinguished from each other by differences in adult size and markings on the mesonotum. The mature larvae, which are superficially similar to each other, but differ in shape and details of the dorsal shield ornamentation, are described. Additionally, a cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequence divergence of 12.55% between the two putative species supports the conclusions drawn from the morphological study. The two species can be distinguished from other described species of Fergusonina by host specificity, adult colour, setation and larval dorsal shield morphology. C1 [Nelson, Leigh A.; Yeates, David K.] ICSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Scheffer, Sonja J.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Nelson, LA (reprint author), ICSIRO Ecosyst Sci, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. EM leigh.nelson@csiro.au RI Yeates, David/A-9917-2008 OI Yeates, David/0000-0001-7729-6143 FU Schlinger Foundation; CSIRO FX This research was facilitated by funding from the Schlinger Foundation endowed to CSIRO. We thank Kevin Omland, Adam Cardilini and Andrew Thornhill for assistance with field work. Matt Lewis provided a substantial portion of the molecular data. Ian Brooker provided valuable information on the distribution of E. pauciflora variants. A CSIRO McMaster Fellowship funded SJS while in Australia. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1326-6756 EI 1440-6055 J9 AUST J ENTOMOL JI Aust. J. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 50 BP 356 EP 364 DI 10.1111/j.1440-6055.2011.00826.x PN 4 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 853FE UT WOS:000297410800003 ER PT J AU Judd, KE Likens, GE Buso, DC Bailey, AS AF Judd, Kristin E. Likens, Gene E. Buso, Donald C. Bailey, Amey S. TI Minimal response in watershed nitrate export to severe soil frost raises questions about nutrient dynamics in the Hubbard Brook experimental forest SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Experimental watersheds; Frost event; Long-term monitoring; Nitrogen cycling; Watershed stream export ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; NITROGEN SATURATION; STREAM WATER; ECOSYSTEMS; CHEMISTRY; CARBON; NITRIFICATION; RETENTION; LOSSES AB Experimental and theoretical work emphasize the role of plant nutrient uptake in regulating ecosystem nutrient losses and predict that forest succession, ecosystem disturbance, and continued inputs of atmospheric nitrogen (N) will increase watershed N export. In ecosystems where snowpack insulates soils, soil-frost disturbances resulting from low or absent snowpack are thought to increase watershed N export and may become more common under climate-change scenarios. This study monitored watershed N export from the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) in response to a widespread, severe soil-frost event in the winter of 2006. We predicted that nitrate (NO(3) (-)) export following the disturbance would be high compared to low background streamwater NO(3) (-) export in recent years. However, post-disturbance annual NO(3) (-) export was the lowest on record from both reference (undisturbed) and treated experimental harvest or CaSiO(3) addition watersheds. These results are consistent with other studies finding greater than expected forest NO(3) (-) retention throughout the northeastern US and suggest that changes over the last five decades have reduced impacts of frost events on watershed NO(3) (-) export. While it is difficult to parse out causes from a complicated array of potential factors, based on long-term records and watershed-scale experiments conducted at the HBEF, we propose that reduced N losses in response to frost are due to a combination of factors including the long-term legacies of land use, process-level alterations in N pathways, climate-driven hydrologic changes, and depletion of base cations and/or reduced soil pH due to cumulative effects of acid deposition. C1 [Judd, Kristin E.] Eastern Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA. [Likens, Gene E.; Buso, Donald C.] Carey Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Bailey, Amey S.] US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Campton, NH 03223 USA. RP Judd, KE (reprint author), Eastern Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, 316 Mark Jefferson, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA. EM kjudd2@emich.edu FU NSF SGER; A.W Mellon Foundation; National Science Foundation FX Funding for this project was provided by an NSF SGER grant awarded to G. Likens and The A.W Mellon Foundation. We are grateful to R. Arndt for assistance with map making, D. Bade for sample analysis and thoughtful discussions, and to three anonymous reviewers, whose suggestions significantly improved this manuscript. This manuscript is a contribution to the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study and the Program of the Carey Institute of Ecosystem Studies. Hubbard Brook is part of the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network, which is supported by the National Science Foundation. The HBEF is operated and maintained by the Northern Forest Research Station, Newtown Square, PA. This publication does not necessarily reflect the view of any sponsoring agency. NR 53 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD NOV PY 2011 VL 106 IS 3 BP 443 EP 459 DI 10.1007/s10533-010-9524-4 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 852LU UT WOS:000297360300010 ER PT J AU Goates, BJ Mercier, J AF Goates, Blair J. Mercier, Julien TI Control of common bunt of wheat under field conditions with the biofumigant fungus Muscodor albus SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biocontrol; Tilletia caries; Tilletia tritici ID TILLETIA-TRITICI; BORNE DISEASES; BIOCONTROL; FUMIGATION AB Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the biological control potential of the fungus Muscodor albus, when applied as a seed treatment or an in furrow soil treatment, for control of common bunt (CB) of wheat caused by Tilletia caries. For seed treatments, dry rye grain culture of M. albus was ground into powder and applied, at a rate of 125 mg/g seed, to wheat seed infested with T. caries teliospores. The culture was also cracked into particles and applied in furrow at the rate of 4 g/m of row, along with teliospore infested seed during planting. Treatments were evaluated during two growing seasons and two planting dates beginning in early spring when soil temperatures were optimal for disease development (5-10 degrees C), and then approximately 3 weeks later. In the first year, treatments in the first seeding date reduced CB from 44% diseased spikes in untreated controls to 12% and 9% in seed and in furrow treatments respectively, and from 6% in controls to 0% in both treatments in the second seeding date. In the second year, CB was reduced from 8% in controls to 0.5% and 0.25% for seed and in furrow treatments respectively in the first seeding date, and from 0.75% in controls to 0% in both the treatments in the second seeding date. M. albus may have potential for CB control in organic wheat production where options for managing the disease are very limited. C1 [Goates, Blair J.] ARS, USDA, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Mercier, Julien] AgraQuest Inc, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Mercier, Julien] Harris Moran Seed Co, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Goates, BJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM Blair.Goates@ars.usda.gov; jmercierca@aol.com NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 131 IS 3 BP 403 EP 407 DI 10.1007/s10658-011-9817-z PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 855HP UT WOS:000297554800005 ER PT J AU Stoeva, A Rector, BG Harizanova, V AF Stoeva, Atanaska Rector, Brian G. Harizanova, Vili TI Biology of Leipothrix dipsacivagus (Acari: Eriophyidae), a candidate for biological control of invasive teasels (Dipsacus spp.) SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biological control of weeds; Eriophyid mite; Invasive species; Life history traits; Maternal effects ID CEREAL RUST MITE; ABACARUS-HYSTRIX ACARI; ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT; LYGODIUM-MICROPHYLLUM; FLORACARUS-PERREPAE; HOST; SPECIALIZATION; PROSTIGMATA; EGYPT AB The present study describes key aspects of the biology of Leipothrix dipsacivagus, an eriophyid mite that is under study as a biological control candidate of Dipsacus fullonum and D. laciniatus (Dipsacaceae). Preliminary host-specificity tests have shown that it can develop and reproduce only on Dipsacus spp. (teasels). Studies were conducted in a laboratory at 26 +/- 2 degrees C with 16 h of light per day. Mites for the stock colony were collected from D. laciniatus in Klokotnitsa, Bulgaria and reared on rosettes of D. laciniatus in the laboratory. Unfertilized L. dipsacivagus females reared in isolation from the juvenile stage produced male offspring only, while progeny of fertilized females were of both sexes, suggesting arrhenotokous parthenogenesis with haplodiploid sex determination. Experiments were designed to compare male progeny from fertilized females to males from unfertilized females and to compare males and females from fertilized females. Male progeny of virgin mothers had significantly longer durations of active immature stages and total egg-to-adult period than male progeny of fertilized females. Female progeny had significantly longer durations of egg incubation, active immature stages and egg-to-adult period than male progeny from fertilized mothers. Adult longevity was significantly greater in females than in males. Fertilized females produced significantly more eggs per day and overall than virgin females. The results of this study suggest that fertilization status of L. dipsacivagus females can affect both their own fecundity and the development of their male progeny. C1 [Rector, Brian G.] USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Stoeva, Atanaska; Harizanova, Vili] Univ Agr, Dept Entomol, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria. RP Rector, BG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM brian.rector@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 55 IS 3 BP 225 EP 232 DI 10.1007/s10493-011-9466-0 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 856HA UT WOS:000297628300002 PM 21538206 ER PT J AU Prischmann, DA Knutson, EM Dashiell, KE Lundgren, JG AF Prischmann, Deirdre A. Knutson, Eric M. Dashiell, Kenton E. Lundgren, Jonathan G. TI Generalist-feeding subterranean mites as potential biological control agents of immature corn rootworms SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biological control; Soil mite; Generalist predator; Rootworm; Acari; Diabrotica ID DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; PREDATORY MITE; COLEOPTERA-CHRYSOMELIDAE; HYPOASPIS-MILES; TYROPHAGUS-PUTRESCENTIAE; BIOCONTROL AGENTS; ACARI; MAIZE; MESOSTIGMATA; LAELAPIDAE AB Predatory mites are important components of subterranean food webs and may help regulate densities of agricultural pests, including western corn rootworms (Chrysomelidae: Diabrotica virgifera virgifera). Implementing conservation and/or classical biocontrol tactics could enhance densities of specialist or generalist predatory mites and lead to pest suppression, but first relevant mite species must be identified and their predatory capabilities evaluated. We conducted lab assays to quantify consumption of immature rootworms and oviposition rates of various mite species. Our study indicates that rootworms are a sub-optimal food source for the mite taxa tested. However, all mite species fed upon rootworms to some degree, although consumption by nematophagous Eviphis ostrinus was extremely low. Predators consumed more rootworm larvae than eggs, and mite size was correlated with prey consumption, with larger predators eating more prey. Four mite taxa (Gaeolaelaps sp., S. miles, Gl. americana, and G. aculeifer) had detrimental effects on survival of rootworm larvae, and the latter two species also had negative impacts on densities of pest eggs. Although it is unlikely that any of these mite species by itself has a major impact on rootworm control, the community of generalist soil-dwelling mites may play an important role in regulating immature rootworm populations in the field. C1 [Prischmann, Deirdre A.; Knutson, Eric M.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Dashiell, Kenton E.; Lundgren, Jonathan G.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brooking, SD USA. [Dashiell, Kenton E.] CIAT, Trop Soil Biol & Fertil Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Prischmann, DA (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM Deirdre.Prischmann@ndsu.edu FU North Central Integrated Pest Management Center [2007-04967-16] FX Thanks to David Schneider, Amber Hammerbeck, Jeff Olsen, and Gene Schmidt for field and lab assistance; Chad Nielson and Wade French for providing rootworm eggs; and the anonymous reviewers. This project was funded by the North Central Integrated Pest Management Center, Subaward No. 2007-04967-16. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 EI 1572-9702 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 55 IS 3 BP 233 EP 248 DI 10.1007/s10493-011-9468-y PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 856HA UT WOS:000297628300003 PM 21598089 ER PT J AU Panickar, KS Anderson, RA AF Panickar, Kiran S. Anderson, Richard A. TI Effect of Polyphenols on Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neuronal Death and Brain Edema in Cerebral Ischemia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE ischemia; apoptosis; inflammation; edema; glia; mPT ID OXYGEN-GLUCOSE DEPRIVATION; TRANSIENT FOREBRAIN ISCHEMIA; GREEN TEA POLYPHENOLS; MAJOR FOOD SOURCES; N-TERMINAL KINASE; RAT-BRAIN; ARTERY OCCLUSION; GLOBAL-ISCHEMIA; FOCAL ISCHEMIA; (-)-EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE AB Polyphenols are natural substances with variable phenolic structures and are elevated in vegetables, fruits, grains, bark, roots, tea, and wine. There are over 8000 polyphenolic structures identified in plants, but edible plants contain only several hundred polyphenolic structures. In addition to their well-known antioxidant effects, select polyphenols also have insulin-potentiating, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-viral, anti-ulcer, and anti-apoptotic properties. One important consequence of ischemia is neuronal death and oxidative stress plays a key role in neuronal viability. In addition, neuronal death may be initiated by the activation of mitochondria-associated cell death pathways. Another consequence of ischemia that is possibly mediated by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction is glial swelling, a component of cytotoxic brain edema. The purpose of this article is to review the current literature on the contribution of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction to neuronal death, cell swelling, and brain edema in ischemia. A review of currently known mechanisms underlying neuronal death and edema/cell swelling will be undertaken and the potential of dietary polyphenols to reduce such neural damage will be critically reviewed. C1 [Panickar, Kiran S.; Anderson, Richard A.] ARS, Diet Gen & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Panickar, KS (reprint author), ARS, Diet Gen & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Kiran.panickar@ars.usda.gov; richard.anderson@ars.usda.gov FU USDA CRIS [1235-51000-054] FX Supported by USDA CRIS Project # 1235-51000-054. We thank Joe Urban for helpful suggestions to improve the manuscript. NR 215 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 12 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-0067 J9 INT J MOL SCI JI Int. J. Mol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 12 IS 11 BP 8181 EP 8207 DI 10.3390/ijms12118181 PG 27 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 857DS UT WOS:000297696100061 PM 22174658 ER PT J AU Hirt, U Wetzig, A Amatya, MD Matranga, M AF Hirt, Ulrike Wetzig, Annett Amatya, M. Devandra Matranga, Marisa TI Impact of Seasonality on Artificial Drainage Discharge under Temperate Climate Conditions SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF HYDROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE discharge generation; drainage water recovery; lag time; response time; tile drainage discharge ID SUBSURFACE TILE DRAINS; NORTH-EASTERN GERMANY; SILT LOAM SOIL; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; WATER-QUALITY; REDUCING NITROGEN; LOWLAND CATCHMENT; PHOSPHORUS EXPORT; MACROPOROUS SOIL; SOLUTE TRANSPORT AB Artificial drainage systems affect all components of the water and matter balance. For the proper simulation of water and solute fluxes, information is needed about artificial drainage discharge rates and their response times. However, there is relatively little information available about the response of artificial drainage systems to precipitation. To address this need, we analysed 11 datasets from artificial drainage study sites (daily or hourly resolution), one daily dataset from an open ditch system, and three datasets from rainfall simulations on tile-drained fields. When we considered all 11 artificial drainage study sites, we found that artificial drainage discharge responded to 70% of all rainfall events during the year, and that the response rate differed significantly between 56% summer and 84% in winter. A median of 23% of the yearly precipitation rate is discharged by artificial drainage systems, varying from 9% of the precipitation in summer to 54% of the precipitation in winter. The artificial drainage systems usually started to respond within the first hour under rain fed conditions, and the response time increased at lower rainfall intensities (< 1 mm h(-1)). The peak outflow normally occurred within the first two days. The influence of soil texture and land use on artificial drainage discharge rates could not be reproduced properly, due to the spatial high variability caused by other site-specific properties. C1 [Hirt, Ulrike; Wetzig, Annett; Matranga, Marisa] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Lowland Rivers & Shallow Lakes, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. [Amatya, M. Devandra] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, USDA, Cordesville, SC 29434 USA. RP Hirt, U (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Lowland Rivers & Shallow Lakes, Muggelseedamm 310, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. EM hirt@igb-berlin.de FU BASF FX We gratefully acknowledge the help of the scientists who shared their data sets, and we would like to thank SARINA SPATZIER for her efforts in literature research and data acquisition. We wish to acknowledge the financial support provided by the BASF. NR 69 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1434-2944 J9 INT REV HYDROBIOL JI Int. Rev. Hydrobiol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 96 IS 5 BP 561 EP 577 DI 10.1002/iroh.201111274 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 856NL UT WOS:000297649300007 ER PT J AU Chiu, CJ Conley, YP Gorin, MB Gensler, G Lai, CQ Shang, F Taylor, A AF Chiu, Chung-Jung Conley, Yvette P. Gorin, Michael B. Gensler, Gary Lai, Chao-Qiang Shang, Fu Taylor, Allen TI Associations between Genetic Polymorphisms of Insulin-like Growth Factor Axis Genes and Risk for Age-Related Macular Degeneration SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IGF-BINDING PROTEIN-1; PIGMENT EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; DIETARY GLYCEMIC INDEX; BREAST-CANCER RISK; FACTOR-I RECEPTOR; EYE DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; GLUCOSE-HOMEOSTASIS AB PURPOSE. To investigate whether insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis genes, together with a novel dietary risk factor, the dietary glycemic index (dGI), and body mass index (BMI) affect the risk for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS. This case-control study involved 962 subjects originally recruited through the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) Genetic Repository. After those with missing covariates or invalid calorie intake (n = 23), diabetes (n = 59), and non-Caucasian race (n = 16) were excluded, 864 participants were used, including 209 AREDS category 1 participants (control group), 354 category 2 or 3 participants (drusen group), and 301 category 4 participants (advanced AMD group). A total of 25 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected from IGF-1 (n = 9), IGF-2 (n = 1), IGF binding protein 1 (IGFBP1; n = 3), IGFBP3 (n = 3), acid-labile subunit of IGFBP (IGFALS; n = 2), IGF1 receptor (IGF1R; n = 4), and IGF2R (n = 3) were genotyped. SNP-AMD associations were measured with geno-type, allele chi(2) tests and Armitage's trend test. Odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and SNP-exposure interactions were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS. One SNP (rs2872060) in IGF1R revealed a significant association with advanced AMD (P-allele = 0.0009, P-trend = 0.0008; the significance level was set at 0.05/25 = 0.002 for multiple comparisons). The risk allele (G) in the heterozygous and homozygous states (OR, 1.67 and 2.93; 95% CI, 1.03-2.71 and 1.60-5.36, respectively) suggests susceptibility and an additive effect on AMD risk. Further stratification analysis remained significant for both neovascularization (OR, 1.49 and 2.61; 95% CI, 0.90-2.48 and 1.39-4.90, respectively) and geographic atrophy (OR, 2.57 and 4.52; 95% CI, 0.99-6.71 and 1.49-13.74, respectively). The G allele interaction analysis with BMI was significant for neovascularization (P = 0.042) but not for geographic atrophy (P = 0.47). No significant interaction was found with dGI. CONCLUSIONS. These data suggest a role of IGF1R on the risk for advanced AMD in this group of subjects. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52:9099-9107) DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-7782 C1 [Chiu, Chung-Jung; Lai, Chao-Qiang; Shang, Fu; Taylor, Allen] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Conley, Yvette P.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Nursing, Dept Hlth Promot & Dev, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Conley, Yvette P.] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Human Genet, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Gorin, Michael B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Jules Stein Eye Inst, Dept Ophthalmol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Gensler, Gary] Emmes Corp, AREDS Coordinating Ctr, Rockville, MD USA. RP Chiu, CJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM cj.chiu@tufts.edu; allen.taylor@tufts.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [1950-5100-060-01A]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01-13250, R01 21212, R03-EY014183-01A2, R01 EY021826-01]; Johnson and Johnson; American Health Assistance Foundation; Ross Aging Initiative FX Supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture under agreement, 1950-5100-060-01A (C-JC, AT); Grants R01-13250, R01 21212, and R03-EY014183-01A2 from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (AT); grants from the Johnson and Johnson Focused Giving Program and American Health Assistance Foundation (AT), and the Ross Aging Initiative and NIH Grant R01 EY021826-01 (C-JC). The funding sources had no role in the design and conduct of the study; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data; or the preparation, review, and approval of the manuscript. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 94 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 52 IS 12 BP 9099 EP 9107 DI 10.1167/iovs.11-7782 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 856IB UT WOS:000297631400044 PM 22058336 ER PT J AU Alfieri, JG Kustas, WP Prueger, JH Hipps, LE Chavez, JL French, AN Evett, SR AF Alfieri, Joseph G. Kustas, William P. Prueger, John H. Hipps, Lawrence E. Chavez, Jose L. French, Andrew N. Evett, Steven R. TI Intercomparison of Nine Micrometeorological Stations during the BEAREX08 Field Campaign SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONCORDANCE CORRELATION-COEFFICIENT; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; EDDY COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; SURFACE-ENERGY FLUXES; WATER-VAPOR; LONG-TERM; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; SOIL-MOISTURE; PINE FOREST; SMACEX AB Land-atmosphere interactions play a critical role in regulating numerous meteorological, hydrological, and environmental processes. Investigating these processes often requires multiple measurement sites representing a range of surface conditions. Before these measurements can be compared, however, it is imperative that the differences among the instrumentation systems are fully characterized. Using data collected as a part of the 2008 Bushland Evapotranspiration and Agricultural Remote Sensing Experiment (BEAREX08), measurements from nine collocated eddy covariance (EC) systems were compared with the twofold objective of 1) characterizing the interinstrument variation in the measurements, and 2) quantifying the measurement uncertainty associated with each system. Focusing on the three turbulent fluxes (heat, water vapor, and carbon dioxide), this study evaluated the measurement uncertainty using multiple techniques. The results of the analyses indicated that there could be substantial variability in the uncertainty estimates because of the advective conditions that characterized the study site during the afternoon and evening hours. However, when the analysis was limited to nonadvective, quasi-normal conditions, the response of the nine EC stations were remarkably similar. For the daytime period, both the method of Hollinger and Richardson and the method of Mann and Lenschow indicated that the uncertainty in the measurements of sensible heat, latent heat, and carbon dioxide flux were approximately 13 W m(-2), 27 W m(-2), and 0.10 mg m-2 s(-1), respectively. Based on the results of this study, it is clear that advection can greatly increase the uncertainty associated with EC flux measurements. Since these conditions, as well as other phenomena that could impact the measurement uncertainty, are often intermittent, it may be beneficial to conduct uncertainty analyses on an ongoing basis. C1 [Alfieri, Joseph G.] USDA ARS, HRSL, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Prueger, John H.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. [Hipps, Lawrence E.] Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Chavez, Jose L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [French, Andrew N.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. [Evett, Steven R.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Lab, Bushland, TX USA. RP Alfieri, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, HRSL, BARC W, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 007,Room 104, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM joe.alfieri@ars.usda.gov OI Hipps, Lawrence/0000-0002-7658-8571 NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 28 IS 11 BP 1390 EP 1406 DI 10.1175/2011JTECH1514.1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 854HD UT WOS:000297484700003 ER PT J AU Stolt, M Bradley, M Turenne, J Payne, M Scherer, E Cicchetti, G Shumchenia, E Guarinello, M King, J Boothroyd, J Oakley, B Thornber, C August, P AF Stolt, Mark Bradley, Michael Turenne, Jim Payne, Maggie Scherer, Eric Cicchetti, Giancarlo Shumchenia, Emily Guarinello, Marisa King, John Boothroyd, Jon Oakley, Bryan Thornber, Carol August, Peter TI Mapping Shallow Coastal Ecosystems: A Case Study of a Rhode Island Lagoon SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bathymetry; subaqueous soils; depositional environments; side-scan sonar; sediment profile imagery; sediment cores; geology; biological communities; submerged habitats; CMECS; data integration ID SUBMERSED AQUATIC VEGETATION; BENTHIC HABITAT; SEDIMENT RELATIONS; NARRAGANSETT BAY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER-QUALITY; CLASSIFICATION; MARINE; ESTUARY; SONAR AB STOLT, M.; BRADLEY, M.; TURENNE, J.; PAYNE, M.; SCHERER, E.; CICCHETTI, G.; SHUMCHENIA, E.; GUARINELLO, M.; KING, J.; BOOTHROYD, J.; OAKLEY, B.; THORNBER, C., and AUGUST, P., 2011. Mapping shallow coastal ecosystems: a case study of a Rhode Island lagoon. Journal of Coastal Research, 27(6A), 1-15. West Palm Beach (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. In order to effectively study, manage, conserve, and sustain shallow-subtidal ecosystems, a spatial inventory of the basic resources and habitats is essential. Because of the complexities of shallow-subtidal substrates, benthic communities, geology, geomorphology, and water column attributes, few standard protocols are fully articulated and tested that describe the mapping and inventory processes and accompanying interpretations. In this paper, we describe a systematic approach to map Rhode Island's shallow-subtidal coastal lagoon ecosystems, by using, integrating, and reconciling multiple data sets to identify the geology, soils, biological communities, and environments that, collectively, define each shallow-subtidal habitat. We constructed maps for these lagoons via a deliberate, step by step approach. Acoustics and geostatistical modeling were used to create a bathymetric map. These data were analyzed to identify submerged landforms and geologic boundaries. Geologic interpretations were verified with video and grab samples. Soils were sampled, characterized, and mapped within the context of the landscape and geologic boundaries. Biological components and distributions were investigated using acoustics, grab samples, video, and sediment profile images. Data sets were cross-referenced and ground-truthed to test for inconsistencies. Maps and geospatial data, with Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC)-compliant metadata, were finalized after reconciling data set inconsistencies and made available on the Internet. These data allow for classification in the revised Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). With these maps, we explored potential relationships among and between physical and biological parameters. In some cases, we discovered a clear match between habitat measures; in others, however, relationships were more difficult to distinguish and require further investigation. C1 [Stolt, Mark; Bradley, Michael; August, Peter] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Turenne, Jim; Payne, Maggie; Scherer, Eric] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Warwick, RI 02886 USA. [Cicchetti, Giancarlo] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Shumchenia, Emily; King, John] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Guarinello, Marisa] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Boothroyd, Jon; Oakley, Bryan] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Geosci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Thornber, Carol] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [August, Peter] Univ Rhode Isl, Coastal Inst, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Stolt, M (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM mstolt@uri.edu FU NOAA CSC [NA06NOS4730220]; NSF [0504103]; U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) NRCS [68-1106-5-02]; Rhode Island Sea Grant College Program FX This research is funded by NOAA CSC grant award NA06NOS4730220, NSF Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program grant 0504103, a grant to the North Atlantic Coast Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) NRCS (68-1106-5-02), and grants from the Rhode Island Sea Grant College Program. We are grateful for the assistance and support provided by Judy Doerner and Roylene Rides at the Door at NRCS; Tim Mooney, Senator Lincoln Chafee, and Senator Jack Reed; and James Lewis Free and Miki Schmidt at NOAA CSC. We wish to thank three anonymous reviewers for many helpful comments that improved the clarity of the paper. NR 78 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 31 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 27 IS 6A SU S BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.2122/JCOASTRES-D-11-00002.1 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 851NT UT WOS:000297278500001 ER PT J AU Xu, ZL Zeng, DP Yang, JY Shen, YD Beier, RC Lei, HT Wang, H Sun, YM AF Xu, Zhen-Lin Zeng, Dao-Ping Yang, Jin-Yi Shen, Yu-Dong Beier, Ross C. Lei, Hong-Tao Wang, Hong Sun, Yuan-Ming TI Monoclonal antibody-based broad-specificity immunoassay for monitoring organophosphorus pesticides in environmental water samples SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; WEIGHT FOOD CONTAMINANTS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SURFACE-WATER; RESIDUES; OPTIMIZATION; INSECTICIDE; CHINA; TRIAZOPHOS AB The development of easy-to-use and rapid-monitoring immunoassay methods for organic environmental pollutants in a class-selective manner is a topic of considerable environmental interest. In this work, a heterologous competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ciELISA) based on a monoclonal antibody (MAb) with broad-specificity for organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) was applied to the detection of O,O-diethyl and O,O-dimethyl OPs in water samples. The ciELISA conditions were carefully optimized to obtain a three to five-fold improvement of sensitivity for most OPs, and thirteen OPs were determined at concentrations ranging from 0.017 to 30 ng mL(-1). The determination of spiked environmental water samples showed average recoveries from 81.5% to 115.1%, with the coefficient of variation (CV) ranging from 6.1% to 20.9%, which showed satisfactory reproducibility of the developed ciELISA. To overcome the negative aspect of broad-specificity immunoassays not providing qualitative and quantitative analysis of individual OPs in blind samples, we used "percent inhibition rate" to make the developed ciELISA a semi-quantitative method, which allows the monitoring of positive samples from hundreds of negative samples. The determination of OPs in blind water samples by the developed ELISA with confirmation by HPLC-MS/MS analysis demonstrated that the assay is ideally suited as a screening method for OP residues prior to chromatographic analysis. C1 [Xu, Zhen-Lin; Zeng, Dao-Ping; Yang, Jin-Yi; Shen, Yu-Dong; Lei, Hong-Tao; Wang, Hong; Sun, Yuan-Ming] S China Agr Univ, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Food Qual & Safety, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Beier, Ross C.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Sun, YM (reprint author), S China Agr Univ, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Food Qual & Safety, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM ymsun@scau.edu.cn RI Lei, Hongtao/A-2532-2014 FU National High Technology Research and Development Program of China [2006AA10Z447, 2007AA10Z437]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30901005]; Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province [2009A020101004] FX We acknowledge the financial support by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2006AA10Z447 and 2007AA10Z437), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30901005), and the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (2009A020101004). NR 41 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 13 IS 11 BP 3040 EP 3048 DI 10.1039/c1em10331h PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 854XJ UT WOS:000297527800008 PM 21915424 ER PT J AU Arredondo, JT Johnson, DA AF Tulio Arredondo, J. Johnson, Douglas A. TI Allometry of root branching and its relationship to root morphological and functional traits in three range grasses SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Bluebunch wheatgrass; cheatgrass; crested wheatgrass; exploitation efficiency; exploitation potential; root allometry; root morphology ID ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSIS; LATERAL ROOTS; NITRATE UPTAKE; PROLIFERATION; SYSTEMS; PLANTS; SOIL; ARABIDOPSIS; EFFICIENCY; AVAILABILITY AB The study of proportional relationships between size, shape, and function of part of or the whole organism is traditionally known as allometry. Examination of correlative changes in the size of interbranch distances (IBDs) at different root orders may help to identify root branching rules. Root morphological and functional characteristics in three range grasses {bluebunch wheatgrass [Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) Love], crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schult.xA. cristatum (L.) Gaert.], and cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.)} were examined in response to a soil nutrient gradient. Interbranch distances along the main root axis and the first-order laterals as well as other morphological and allocation root traits were determined. A model of nutrient diffusivity parameterized with root length and root diameter for the three grasses was used to estimate root functional properties (exploitation efficiency and exploitation potential). The results showed a significant negative allometric relationship between the main root axis and first-order lateral IBD (P <= 0.05), but only for bluebunch wheatgrass. The main root axis IBD was positively related to the number and length of roots, estimated exploitation efficiency of second-order roots, and specific root length, and was negatively related to estimated exploitation potential of first-order roots. Conversely, crested wheatgrass and cheatgrass, which rely mainly on root proliferation responses, exhibited fewer allometric relationships. Thus, the results suggested that species such as bluebunch wheatgrass, which display slow root growth and architectural root plasticity rather than opportunistic root proliferation and rapid growth, exhibit correlative allometry between the main axis IBD and morphological, allocation, and functional traits of roots. C1 [Tulio Arredondo, J.] Inst Potosino Invest Cient & Tecnol, Div Ciencias Ambientales, San Luis Potosi 78216, Slp, Mexico. [Johnson, Douglas A.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Arredondo, JT (reprint author), Inst Potosino Invest Cient & Tecnol, Div Ciencias Ambientales, Camino Presa San Jose 2055,Lomas Secc 4Ta, San Luis Potosi 78216, Slp, Mexico. EM tulio@ipicyt.edu.mx RI Arredondo Moreno, Jose /A-9972-2015 OI Arredondo Moreno, Jose /0000-0003-1969-9942 NR 61 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 36 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 62 IS 15 BP 5581 EP 5594 DI 10.1093/jxb/err240 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 852QW UT WOS:000297373500029 PM 21868398 ER PT J AU Kinraide, TB Poschenrieder, C Kopittke, PM AF Kinraide, Thomas B. Poschenrieder, Charlotte Kopittke, Peter M. TI The standard electrode potential (E-theta) predicts the prooxidant activity and the acute toxicity of metal ions SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Electronegativity; Metal ion; Prooxidant; Standard electrode potential; Superoxide; Toxicity ID ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ALUMINUM TOXICITY; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ELECTRONEGATIVITY VALUES; PROLINE ACCUMULATION; SUSPENSION-CULTURE; HEAVY-METALS; COPPER AB The standard electrode potential (E-theta) has been known for many decades to predict the toxicity of metal ions. We have compiled acute toxicity data from fifteen studies and find that the toxicity of thirty metal ions correlates with E-theta at r(2) = 0.868 when toxicity is expressed as log concentration of comparably effective doses. We have discovered an even stronger relationship between the prooxidant activity (PA) of metal ions and E-theta (and electronegativity, chi). Data compiled from thirty-four studies demonstrate that the PA of twenty-five metal ions correlates with E-theta at r(2) = 0.983 (and chi at r(2) = 0.968). PA was commonly measured as metal-induced peroxidation of cell membranes or accumulation of reactive oxygen species. None of the redox metals (capable of Fenton-like reactions) in our studies (i.e., Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) was prooxidative or toxic beyond what was expected from E-theta or chi. We propose that the formation of superoxide-metal ion complexes is greater at greater E-theta or chi values and that these complexes, whether free or enzyme-bound, function in PA without redox cycling of the complexed ion. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kinraide, Thomas B.] ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, USDA, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. [Poschenrieder, Charlotte] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Plant Physiol Lab, Biosci Fac, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Kopittke, Peter M.] Univ Queensland, Sch Agr & Food Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Kinraide, TB (reprint author), ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, USDA, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM tom.kinraide@ars.usda.gov; Charlotte.poschenrieder@uab.cat; p.kopittke@uq.edu.au RI Kopittke, Peter/A-6026-2011 OI Kopittke, Peter/0000-0003-4948-1880 FU Spanish MICINN [BFU2010-14873] FX The authors thank Ms. Billie Sweeney for MDA assays, growth experiments, and other technical assistance. Poschenrieder acknowledges support by the Spanish MICINN project BFU2010-14873. NR 67 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0162-0134 EI 1873-3344 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 105 IS 11 SI SI BP 1438 EP 1445 DI 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.08.024 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 855LI UT WOS:000297565500011 PM 21983258 ER PT J AU Bock, CH Gottwald, TR Cook, AZ Parker, PE Graham, JH AF Bock, C. H. Gottwald, T. R. Cook, A. Z. Parker, P. E. Graham, J. H. TI THE EFFECT OF WIND SPEED ON DISPERSAL OF SPLASH-BORNE XANTHOMONAS CITRI subsp CITRI AT DIFFERENT HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES DOWNWIND OF CANKER-INFECTED GRAPEFRUIT TREES SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Epidemiology; citrus canker; integrated disease management; disease spread ID AXONOPODIS PV.-CITRI; PSEUDOCERCOSPORELLA-HERPOTRICHOIDES; SOIL APPLICATION; FLORIDA; RAIN; WINDBREAKS; GRADIENTS; EPIDEMIC; INOCULUM; GROVES AB Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), which causes citrus canker, is a major pathogen of grapefruit and other canker-susceptible citrus species and cultivars grown in Florida and elsewhere. It is dispersed by rain splash, and wind promotes the dispersal of the pathogen. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between wind speed and the number of bacteria dispersed downwind in rain splash at different heights and distances. Wind (up to 20 m sec(-1)) was generated using a fan, and rain simulated using sprayer nozzles. A negative exponential function described the relationship between height and the bacteria flux density (BFD, bacteria cm(-2) min(-1)), with a rapid decline in mean BFD of Xcc collected at greater heights (P = < 0.0001-0.3838, R(2)= 0.56 - 1.00). A power function described the relationship between distance and BFD of Xcc collected at most heights and wind speeds (P=0.049 - < 0.0001, R(2) = 0.78-1.00). A multiple regression analysis based on wind speed, height and distance suggested predictability of the proportion of the total BFD of Xcc collected downwind of the simulated wind-rain system (F=49, P < 0.0001, R(2)=0.46). Crop management options to reduce sources of inoculum and the wind speed in orchards are discussed. C1 [Bock, C. H.] USDA ARS SEFTNRL, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Gottwald, T. R.] USDA ARS USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Cook, A. Z.; Parker, P. E.] USDA APHIS PPQ, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. [Graham, J. H.] Univ Florida, CREC, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Bock, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS SEFTNRL, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM clive.bock@ars.usda.gov RI Graham, James/B-7049-2008 FU Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council FX This work was funded in part by the Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council. Jose Renteria (USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Edinburg, TX) constructed the panel collection devices and Tara Zacharakis (Florida Atlantic University) helped provide assistance with performing the experiments. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 93 IS 3 BP 667 EP 677 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 856AY UT WOS:000297609800013 ER PT J AU Munyaneza, JE Lemmetty, A Nissinen, AI Sengoda, VG Fisher, TW AF Munyaneza, J. E. Lemmetty, A. Nissinen, A. I. Sengoda, V. G. Fisher, T. W. TI MOLECULAR DETECTION OF ASTER YELLOWS PHYTOPLASMA AND "CANDIDATUS LIBERIBACTER SOLANACEARUM" IN CARROTS AFFECTED BY THE PSYLLID TRIOZA APICALIS (HEMIPTERA: TRIOZIDAE) IN FINLAND SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carrot; liberibacter; phytoplasmas; psyllids; spiroplasmas; Trioza apicalis ID ZEBRA CHIP DISEASE; 1ST REPORT; POTATO; ASSOCIATION; EUROPE; DISCOLORATION; LEAFHOPPERS; HOMOPTERA; MEXICO; PLANTS AB Carrot psyllid (Trioza apicalis Forster) causes considerable damage to carrot (Daucus carota L.) in many parts of Europe. It was recently established that the new bacterium "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" is associated with carrot psyllid and plants affected by this insect. No other pathogens have so far been associated with T apicalis-affected carrots, despite symptoms resembling those caused by phytoplasmas and spiroplasmas. Potential association of these pathogens with symptomatic carrots was investigated. Carrot samples and psyllids were collected in southern Finland and tested for phytoplasmas, spiroplasmas, and liberibacter by PCR. Liberibacter was detected in 5.5, 31.3, and 80% of asymptomatic samples, plants with leaf curling only, and plants with both leaf curling and discoloration, respectively. Liberibacter was also detected in 70% of the carrot psyllid samples. Only aster yellows phytoplasma (16SrI-A) was detected in 20% of carrot samples showing both leaf curling and discoloration. No phytoplasma was detected in the carrot psyllid samples. Mixed infection of both phytoplasma and liberibacter was detected in 20% of symptomatic plants. No spiroplasma was detected in plants or insects. To our knowledge, this is the first report of aster yellows phytoplasma in carrot in Finland and mixed infection of liberibacter and phytoplasma in carrot. C1 [Munyaneza, J. E.; Sengoda, V. G.; Fisher, T. W.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Lemmetty, A.; Nissinen, A. I.] MTT Agrifood Res Finland, Plant Prod Res, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland. RP Munyaneza, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM Joseph.Munyaneza@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-RAMP [2009-51101-05892]; USDA-SCRI [2009-51181-20178]; Maiju and Yrjo Rikalan Puutarhasaatio FX We are grateful to Dr. Jim Crosslin for phytoplasma reference strains. We also thank Timo Jaska, Outi Jarvinen and Senja Rasanen for technical assistance. This work was partially funded by USDA-RAMP (Project #2009-51101-05892), USDA-SCRI (Project #2009-51181-20178), and a grant from Maiju and Yrjo Rikalan Puutarhasaatio. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 22 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 93 IS 3 BP 697 EP 700 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 856AY UT WOS:000297609800016 ER PT J AU Xue, CH Wang, D Xiang, B Chiou, BS Sun, G AF Xue, Chao-Hua Wang, Dong Xiang, Bei Chiou, Bor-Sen Sun, Gang TI Morphological development of polypropylene in immiscible blends with cellulose acetate butyrate SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Immiscible polymer blends; Polypropylene; Viscosity ratio; Micro-spherical beads ID POLYMER BLENDS; DISPERSED-PHASE; NANOFIBERS; FABRICATION; SIZE; MICROFIBRILLAR; POLYCARBONATE AB Isotactic polypropylenes (iPP) with different melt flow indexes were melt blended with cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) and then prepared into microspheres or nanofibers following a novel process of producing well dispersed CAB/iPP immiscible blends and subsequent removal of the CAB matrix. The morphologies of iPP microspheres were investigated by a scanning electron microscopy, and the dimensions of iPP microspheres were evaluated. The melt viscosities of iPP, CAB, and CAB/iPP blends were measured by using a capillary rheometer. The influences of the viscosity, viscosity ratio, and composition ratio of iPP/CAB on the morphology formation of iPP in CAB matrix were studied. C1 [Xue, Chao-Hua; Wang, Dong; Xiang, Bei; Sun, Gang] Univ Calif Davis, Div Text & Clothing, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chiou, Bor-Sen] ARS, USDA, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Div Text & Clothing, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gysun@ucdavis.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency of The Defense Department [HDTRA1-08-1-0005] FX This work was supported by a contract (HDTRA1-08-1-0005) from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency of The Defense Department. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1022-9760 J9 J POLYM RES JI J. Polym. Res. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1947 EP 1953 DI 10.1007/s10965-011-9602-x PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 852IU UT WOS:000297352000074 ER PT J AU Hamel, SE Hermanson, JC Cramer, SM AF Hamel, Scott E. Hermanson, John C. Cramer, Steven M. TI Tension and Compression Creep Apparatus for Wood-Plastic Composites SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE creep; wood-based products; test fixtures; duration of load; tension; compression ID BEHAVIOR AB Design of structural members made of wood plastic composites (WPCs) is not possible without accurate test data for tension and compression. The viscoelastic behavior of these materials means that these data are required for both the quasi-static stress strain response, and the long-term creep response. Their relative incompressibility causes inherent difficulties in creating effective clamping devices that do not preload the specimens. In order to conduct repeats of both test modes at multiple stress levels for at least 90 days, uni-axial test apparatuses must be economical and mass producible. Further, all tests must be conducted in an environment that is moisture and temperature controlled, creating space constraints. This paper describes economical apparatuses for both tension and compression creep testing that do not preload the specimens, require a minimum of floor space, and are easy and safe to load and unload. The operation and typical data for the tests are presented to demonstrate the apparatuses. C1 [Hamel, Scott E.; Cramer, Steven M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hermanson, John C.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Hamel, SE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1415 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Hermanson, John/K-8106-2015 OI Hermanson, John/0000-0002-3325-6665 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2005-35103-15230] FX This project is supported by the National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Grant No. 2005-35103-15230. The writers would like to thank the providers of the WPC products; Joe Destree and Dick Jordan, Machinists at the Forest Products Laboratory in Madison, WI; and Nathan Bechle for their contributions. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 EI 1945-7553 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1109 EP 1114 DI 10.1520/JTE103715 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 859RO UT WOS:000297893700014 ER PT J AU Wood, BW Grauke, LJ AF Wood, Bruce W. Grauke, Larry J. TI The Rare-earth Metallome of Pecan and Other Carya SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hickories; Carya illinoinensis; nutrition; physiology; accumulation; cycling; fertilizer; beneficial nutrients; essential nutrients; ploidy; tetraploid; hyperaccumulation; lanthanides; calcium; management ID NICKEL DEFICIENCY; DICRANOPTERIS-DICHOTOMA; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; RICE PROTOPLASTS; HICKORY TREES; IN-VITRO; ELEMENTS; PLANTS; CALCIUM; CHLOROPHYLL AB We report the composition of the rare-earth (REE) metallome component of the foliar ionomes of pecan (Carya illinoinensis) and other North American Carya and how accumulation of specific REEs relate to ploidy level and to accumulation of essential divalent nutrient elements. REE accumulation within the foliar ionomes of 12 Carya species, growing on a common site and soil, indicates that REEs accumulate according to the Oddo-Harkins rule with Ce, La, Nd, and Y (Ce > La > Nd > Y) being the dominant REEs with accumulated concentration typically being La > Ce > Nd > Y > Gd > Pr > Sm > Dy > Er > Yb > Ho > Tb > Tm > Sc >Lu. Carya species quantitatively differ in accumulation of REEs with all but C. aquatica accumulating at much greater concentrations than non-Carya tree species and with tetraploid Carya accumulating to approximately twice the concentration as diploid Carya. Carya tomentosa was an especially heavy accumulator of REEs at 859 mu g.g(-1) dry weight, whereas C. aquatica was especially light at 84 mu g.g(-1). Accumulation of REEs was such that any one element within this elemental class was tightly linked (generally r >= 0.94, but 0.81 for Ce) to all others. Accumulation of REEs is negatively correlated with Ca accumulation and positively correlated with Mn and Cu accumulation in diploid Carya. In tetraploid Carya, accumulated Mg, Ca, and Fe is positively associated with foliar concentration of REEs. Total concentration of REEs in pecan's foliar ionome was 190 mu g.g(-1), about equivalent to that of Mn. Circumstantial evidence suggests that one or more of the physiochemically), similar REEs increases physiological plasticity and subsequent adaptive fitness to certain Carya species, especially tetraploids. Because all tetraploid Carya are high REE accumulators and are native to more xeric habitats than diploids, which typically occupy mesic habitats, it appears that REEs might play a role in Carya speciation and adaptation to certain site-limiting environmental stresses. REEs appear to play an unknown metabolic/physiological role in pecan and most Carya species, especially tetraploids; thus, their nutritional physiology merits further investigation. C1 [Wood, Bruce W.] ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Grauke, Larry J.] ARS, USDA, Crop Germplasm Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Wood, BW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM bruce.wood@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 EI 2327-9788 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 136 IS 6 BP 389 EP 398 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 855XH UT WOS:000297599100003 ER PT J AU Sykes, JE Dubey, JP Lindsay, LL Prato, P Lappin, MR Guo, LT Mizisin, AP Shelton, GD AF Sykes, J. E. Dubey, J. P. Lindsay, L. L. Prato, P. Lappin, M. R. Guo, L. T. Mizisin, A. P. Shelton, G. D. TI Severe Myositis Associated with Sarcocystis spp. Infection in 2 Dogs SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Myopathy; Neospora; Neuromuscular; Protozoal; Sarcocystosis; Toxoplasma ID SERUM ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; NEURONA; CANIS; APICOMPLEXA; PUPPY; CATS AB Background: Dogs are definitive hosts for numerous species of the intracellular protozoan parasite Sarcocystis. Reports of sarcocysts in muscles of dogs most often represent incidental findings. Hypothesis/Objectives: To report the clinicopathologic, ultrastructural, and molecular findings in 2 dogs with myositis associated with Sarcocystis spp. infection, as well as the response to treatment with antiprotozoal drugs. Animals: Two dogs with severe myositis in association with massive sarcocystosis. Methods: Retrospective case review. Affected dogs were identified by a diagnostic laboratory. Attending clinicians were contacted, and the medical records reviewed. Immunostaining and electron microscopy were performed on muscle biopsies. Biopsies also were subjected to 18S rRNA gene PCR. Results: Both dogs had fever, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and increased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity when first evaluated. One dog developed hyperbilirubinemia. Subsequently, both dogs had increased serum creatine kinase activity and clinical signs of myositis, with reluctance to move, generalized pain, and muscle wasting. Histopathology of muscle biopsies showed severe inflammatory and necrotizing myopathy with numerous sarcocysts. Ultrastructural studies and 18S rRNA gene sequence results were consistent with infection with a Sarcocystis spp. other than Sarcocystis neurona. Both dogs initially were treated unsuccessfully with clindamycin and anti-inflammatory drugs. One dog died. The other dog subsequently responded to treatment with decoquinate. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Sarcocystis spp. infection should be included in the differential diagnosis for dogs that develop fever, thrombocytopenia, increased liver enzyme activities, and clinical and biochemical evidence of myositis. Although additional studies are required, decoquinate holds promise as an effective treatment for the disease. C1 [Sykes, J. E.; Lindsay, L. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dubey, J. P.] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Guo, L. T.; Mizisin, A. P.; Shelton, G. D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pathol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Prato, P.] Four Paws Vet Clin, Missoula, MT USA. [Lappin, M. R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Sykes, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Sch Vet Med, 2108 Tupper Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jesykes@ucdavis.edu NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0891-6640 J9 J VET INTERN MED JI J. Vet. Intern. Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1277 EP 1283 DI 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00828.x PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 851TH UT WOS:000297293300011 PM 22092617 ER PT J AU Nam, M Koh, S Kim, SU Domier, LL Jeon, JH Kim, HG Lee, SH Bent, AF Moon, JS AF Nam, Moon Koh, Serry Kim, Sung Uk Domier, Leslie L. Jeon, Jae Heung Kim, Hong Gi Lee, Su-Heon Bent, Andrew F. Moon, Jae Sun TI Arabidopsis TTR1 causes LRR-dependent lethal systemic necrosis, rather than systemic acquired resistance, to Tobacco ringspot virus SO MOLECULES AND CELLS LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; lethal systemic necrosis; TIR-NBS-LRR; tobacco ringspot virus; tolerance to tobacco ringspot virus 1 ID DISEASE RESISTANCE; MOSAIC-VIRUS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GENE-N; PROTEIN; SGT1; RAR1; TRANSFORMATION; ASSOCIATION; ACTIVATION AB Most Arabidopsis ecotypes display tolerance to the Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV), but a subset of Arabidopsis ecotypes, including Estland (Est), develop lethal systemic necrosis (LSN), which differs from the localized hypersensitive responses (HRs) or systemic acquired resistance (SAR) characteristic of incompatible reactions. Neither viral replication nor the systemic movement of TRSV was restricted in tolerant or sensitive Arabidopsis ecotypes; therefore, the LSN phenotype shown in the sensitive ecotypes might not be due to viral accumulation. In the present study, we identified the Est TTR1 gene (tolerance to Tobacco ringspot virus 1) encoding a TIR-NBS-LRR protein that controls the ecotype-dependent tolerant/sensitive phenotypes by a map-based cloning method. The tolerant Col-0 ecotype Arabidopsis transformed with the sensitive Est TTR1 allele developed an LSN phenotype upon TRSV infection, suggesting that the Est TTR1 allele is dominant over the tolerant ttr1 allele of Col-0. Multiple sequence alignments of 10 tolerant ecotypes from those of eight sensitive ecotypes showed that 10 LRR amino acid polymorphisms were consistently distributed across the TTR1/ttr1 alleles. Site-directed mutagenesis of these amino acids in the LRR region revealed that two sites, L956S and K1124Q, completely abolished the LSN phenotype. VIGS study revealed that TTR1 is dependent on SGT1, rather than EDS1. The LSN phenotype by TTR1 was shown to be transferred to Nicotiana benthamiana, demonstrating functional conservation of TTR1 across plant families, which are involved in SGT-dependent defense responses, rather than EDS1-dependent signaling pathways. C1 [Nam, Moon; Koh, Serry; Kim, Sung Uk; Jeon, Jae Heung; Moon, Jae Sun] Korea Res Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, Green Biomat Res Ctr, Taejon 305333, South Korea. [Domier, Leslie L.] USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kim, Hong Gi] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Agr Biol, Taejon 305764, South Korea. [Nam, Moon; Lee, Su-Heon] Natl Acad Agr Sci, Rural Dev Adm, Crop Protect Div, Suwon 441707, South Korea. [Bent, Andrew F.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Moon, JS (reprint author), Korea Res Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, Green Biomat Res Ctr, Taejon 305333, South Korea. EM jsmoon@kribb.re.kr RI Bent, Andrew/E-5391-2016 OI Bent, Andrew/0000-0001-6610-9525 FU Crop Functional Genomics Center [CG2132]; Korea Research Foundation; Korean Government [KRF-2008-532-F00001]; Screening Center for Disease Resistant Vegetable Crops of TDPAF [609002-5]; Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Korean government; National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea FX This work was supported by the Crop Functional Genomics Center (grant number CG2132), the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (KRF-2008-532-F00001) and by a grant (Project No. 609002-5) from the Screening Center for Disease Resistant Vegetable Crops of TDPAF funded by Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Korean government and 2011 Post Doctoral Course Program of National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 20 PU KOREAN SOC MOLECULAR & CELLULAR BIOLOGY PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUCKSAM-DONG, GANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1016-8478 J9 MOL CELLS JI Mol. Cells PD NOV PY 2011 VL 32 IS 5 BP 421 EP 429 DI 10.1007/s10059-011-0101-z PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 856GW UT WOS:000297627900004 PM 22057987 ER PT J AU Dayan, FE Watson, SB AF Dayan, Franck E. Watson, Susan B. TI Plant cell membrane as a marker for light-dependent and light-independent herbicide mechanisms of action SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasma membrane; Mode of action; Herbicide; Mechanism of action; Light-dependent; Light-independent; Electrolyte leakage; Conductivity; Peroxidation ID P-HYDROXYPHENYLPYRUVATE DIOXYGENASE; NON-MEVALONATE PATHWAY; CELLULOSE SYNTHESIS; PHYTOENE DESATURATION; PHYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY; CROSS-RESISTANCE; TARGET SITE; AAL-TOXIN; BIOSYNTHESIS; PROTEIN AB Plant cells possess a number of membrane bound organelles that play important roles in compartmentalizing a large number of biochemical pathways and physiological functions that have potentially harmful intermediates or by-products. The plasma membrane is particularly important as it holds the entire cellular structure whole and is at the interface between the cell and its environment. Consequently, breaches in the integrity of the lipid bilayer, often via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced stress membrane peroxidation, result in uncontrolled electrolyte leakage and in cell death. A simple 3-step bioassay was developed to identify compounds that cause electrolyte leakage and to differentiate light-dependent mechanisms of action from those that work in darkness. Herbicides representative of all known modes of action (as well as several natural phytotoxins) were selected to survey their effects on membrane integrity of cucumber cotyledon discs. The most active compounds were those that are known to generate ROS such as the electron diverters and uncouplers (paraquat and dinoterb) and those that either were photodynamic (cercosporin) or caused the accumulation of photodynamic products (acifluorfen-methyl and sulfentrazone). Other active compounds targeted lipids (diclofop-methyl, triclosan and pelargonic acid) or formed pores in the plasma membrane (syringomycin). Herbicides that inhibit amino acid, protein, nucleotide, cell wall or microtubule synthesis did not have any effect. Therefore, it was concluded that the plant plasma membrane is a good biomarker to help identify certain herbicide modes of action and their dependence on light for bioactivity. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Dayan, Franck E.; Watson, Susan B.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM fdayan@olemiss.edu RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 74 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 EI 1095-9939 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 101 IS 3 BP 182 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.pestbp.2011.09.004 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 859MD UT WOS:000297879600007 ER PT J AU Ballesteros, D Walters, C AF Ballesteros, Daniel Walters, Christina TI Detailed characterization of mechanical properties and molecular mobility within dry seed glasses: relevance to the physiology of dry biological systems SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE glass; storage stability; molecular mobility; beta relaxation; structural properties; visco-elastic ID MOISTURE-CONTENT LIMIT; DESICCATION TOLERANCE; INTRACELLULAR GLASSES; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; BETA-RELAXATION; LETTUCE SEEDS; WATER-CONTENT; LONGEVITY; TEMPERATURE; SURVIVAL AB Slow movement of molecules in glassy matrices controls the kinetics of chemical and physical reactions in dry seeds. Variation in physiological activity among seeds suggests that there are differences in mobility among seed glasses. Testing this hypothesis is difficult because few tools are available to measure molecular mobility within dry seeds. Here, motional properties within dry pea cotyledons were assessed using dynamic mechanical analysis. The technique detected several molecular relaxations between -80 and +80 degrees C and gave a more detailed description of water content-temperature effects on molecular motion than previously understood from studies of glass formation in seeds at glass transition (Tg). Diffusive movement is delimited by the alpha relaxation, which appears to be analogous to Tg. beta and gamma relaxations were also detected at temperatures lower than alpha relaxations, clearly demonstrating intramolecular motion within the glassy matrix of the pea cotyledon. Glass transitions, or the mechanical counterpart alpha relaxation, appear to be less relevant to seed aging during dry storage than previously thought. On the other hand, beta relaxation occurs at temperature and moisture conditions typically used for seed storage and has established importance for physical aging of synthetic polymer glasses. Our data show that the nature and extent of molecular motion varies considerably with moisture and temperature, and that the hydrated conditions used for accelerated aging experiments and ultra-dry conditions sometimes recommended for seed storage give greater molecular mobility than more standard seed storage practices. We believe characterization of molecular mobility is critical for evaluating how dry seeds respond to the environment and persist through time. C1 [Ballesteros, Daniel; Walters, Christina] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Walters, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM christina.walters@ars.usda.gov RI Ballesteros, Daniel/A-8947-2017 FU ARS FX This work was funded by institutional sources. DB was supported by an ARS funded post-doctoral fellowship awarded to CW. NR 67 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 68 IS 4 BP 607 EP 619 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2011.04711.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 854SP UT WOS:000297514900004 PM 21831210 ER PT J AU Alandete-Saez, M Ron, M Leiboff, S McCormick, S AF Alandete-Saez, Monica Ron, Mily Leiboff, Samuel McCormick, Sheila TI Arabidopsis thaliana GEX1 has dual functions in gametophyte development and early embryogenesis SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE antisense; embryo sac; pollen; embryo lethal; plasma membrane protein; dimerization; BiFC ID POLLEN-TUBE GUIDANCE; RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE; FEMALE GAMETOPHYTE; ENDOSPERM DEVELOPMENT; DOUBLE FERTILIZATION; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; EXOCYTIC PATHWAY; SYNERGID CELL; SPERM CELLS; GENES AB GEX1 is a plasma membrane protein that is conserved among plant species, and has previously been shown to be expressed in sperm cells and some sporophytic tissues. Here we show that GEX1 is also expressed in the embryo sac before cellularization, in the egg cell after cellularization, in the zygote/embryo immediately after fertilization and in the pollen vegetative cell. We functionally characterize GEX1 in Arabidopsis thaliana, and show that it is a versatile protein that performs functions during male and female gametophyte development, and during early embryogenesis. gex1-1/+ plants, which synthesize a truncated GEX1 mRNA encoding a protein lacking the predicted cytoplasmic domain, but still targeted to the plasma membrane, had embryos that arrested before the pre-globular stage. gex1-3/+ plants, carrying a null GEX1 allele, had defects during male and female gametophyte development, and during early embryogenesis. Using an antisense GEX1 transgenic line we demonstrate that the predicted GEX1 extracellular domain is sufficient and necessary for GEX1 function during the development of both gametophytes. The predicted cytoplasmic domain is necessary for correct early embryogenesis and mediates homodimer formation at the plasma membrane. We propose that dimerization of GEX1 in the zygote might be an upstream step in a signaling cascade regulating early embryogenesis. C1 [McCormick, Sheila] USDA ARS UC Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA ARS UC Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP McCormick, S (reprint author), USDA ARS UC Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM sheilamc@berkeley.edu OI RON, MILY/0000-0003-1682-7275; McCormick, Sheila/0000-0001-9106-9385 FU NSF [0211742]; USDA CRIS [5335-21000-03000D]; BARD, The United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund [FI-391-2006] FX We thank Waichoi Shek and Jamison Smith for technical assistance, Dr Leonor Boavida (Gulbenkian Institute, Portugal) for comments on the article, and Dr Stan Gelvin (Purdue University) for providing the BiFC vectors. This work was supported by the NSF Plant Genome program grant 0211742 and by USDA CRIS 5335-21000-03000D. MR was partially supported by a Vaadia-BARD Postdoctoral Fellowship Award No. FI-391-2006 from BARD, The United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund. NR 54 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 68 IS 4 BP 620 EP 632 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2011.04713.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 854SP UT WOS:000297514900005 PM 21831199 ER PT J AU Reeves, MC Mitchell, JE AF Reeves, Matthew Clark Mitchell, John E. TI Extent of Coterminous US Rangelands: Quantifying Implications of Differing Agency Perspectives SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE GIS; LANDFIRE; rangeland area; rangeland classification; rangeland cover ID SHRUB ENCROACHMENT; UNITED-STATES; RESOURCES; LANDFIRE; DYNAMICS; COVER AB Rangeland extent is an important factor for evaluating critical indicators of rangeland sustainability. Rangeland areal extent was determined for the coterminous United States in a geospatial framework by evaluating spatially explicit data from the Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools (LANDFIRE) project describing historic and current vegetative composition, average height, and average cover through the viewpoints of the Natural Resources Inventory (NRI) administered by the Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program administered by the US Forest Service. Three types of rangelands were differentiated using the NRI definition encompassing rangelands, afforested rangelands, and transitory rangelands. Limitations in the FIA definition permitted characterization of only two rangeland types: rangeland and rangeland vegetation with a small patch size. These classes were similar to those from the NRI definition but differed in tree canopy cover threshold requirements. Estimated rangeland area resulting from the NRI- and FIA-LANDFIRE models were 268 and 207 Mha, respectively. In addition, the NRI-LANDFIRE model identified 19 Mha of afforested rangelands due principally to encroachment and increased density by species classified as trees belonging to the genera Quercus, Prosopis, and Juniperus. The biggest discrepancies between acreage estimates derived from NRI- and FIA-LANDFIRE models occurred in oak, pinyon-juniper, and mesquite woodlands. The differences in area estimates between the NRI and FIA perspectives demonstrate the need for development of unified, objective methods for determining rangeland extent that can be applied consistently to all rangelands regardless of ownership or jurisdiction. While the models and geospatial information developed here are useful for national-scale estimates of rangeland extent, they are subject to the limitations of the LANDFIRE data products. C1 [Reeves, Matthew Clark] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Mitchell, John E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Reeves, MC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, POB 7669,200 E Broadway, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM Mreeves@fs.fed.us FU USFS FX Support was provided by USFS R&D Resource Planning Act (RPA) Assessment funding. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 64 IS 6 BP 585 EP 597 DI 10.2111/REM-D-11-00035.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 856IW UT WOS:000297634400003 ER PT J AU Jones, BE Lile, DF Tate, KW AF Jones, Bobette E. Lile, David F. Tate, Kenneth W. TI Cattle Selection for Aspen and Meadow Vegetation: Implications for Restoration SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE browsing; forage quality; grazing; nutritional quality; Populus tremuloides; ungulates ID POPULUS-TREMULOIDES MICHX.; MOUNTAIN NATIONAL-PARK; 1988 YELLOWSTONE FIRES; PATTERNS; COLORADO; USA; REGENERATION; PERSISTENCE; MORTALITY; LIGNIN AB There is concern over the decline of aspen and the lack of successful regeneration due to excessive browsing of aspen suckers by cattle and other wild and domestic ungulates. We conducted a 2-yr study on Lassen National Forest, California, to aid development of cattle grazing strategies to enhance aspen regeneration. We evaluated seasonal biomass, nutritional quality, and utilization by cattle of aspen suckers, aspen herbaceous understory vegetation, and meadow herbaceous vegetation within six aspen-meadow complexes. Aspen suckers had greater nutritional quality compared to aspen understory and meadow vegetation regardless of season or year. Nutritional quality declined with season in all three vegetation types. Early-growing season foraging by cattle focused on meadow and aspen understory vegetation. Mid-growing season decreases in meadow and aspen understory nutritional quality coincided with a marked increase in utilization of aspen suckers. By late-growing season, utilization on aspen suckers was significantly greater than aspen understory or meadow vegetation. Managers can use early-growing season grazing to reduce aspen consumption by cattle, set stocking rates so that adequate herbaceous vegetation is available throughout the growing season, provide nutritional supplements to reduce demand for nutritious aspen suckers, construct protective fencing, and implement grazing systems that insure years with mid-and late-growing season rest from heavy browsing. C1 [Tate, Kenneth W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Jones, Bobette E.] US Forest Serv, Susanville, CA 96130 USA. [Lile, David F.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Susanville, CA 96130 USA. RP Tate, KW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Mail Stop 1,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kwtate@ucdavis.edu NR 65 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 28 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 64 IS 6 BP 625 EP 632 DI 10.2111/REM-D-10-00089.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 856IW UT WOS:000297634400007 ER PT J AU Parsons, MC Jones, TA Larson, SR Mott, IW Monaco, TA AF Parsons, Matthew C. Jones, Thomas A. Larson, Steven R. Mott, Ivan W. Monaco, Thomas A. TI Ecotypic Variation in Elymus elymoides subsp brevifolius in the Northern Intermountain West SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE AFLP; common garden; Great Basin; ecotype; squirreltail ID BOTTLEBRUSH SQUIRRELTAIL GERMPLASM; GENETIC-VARIATION; REGISTRATION; POPULATIONS; RESTORATION; REGRESSION; DISTANCES; TRITICEAE; PATTERNS; FITNESS AB Bottlebrush squirreltail (Elymus elymoides [Raf.] Swezey) is an important native bunchgrass for rangeland restoration in western North America. This species is taxonomically complex and has diverged into as many as four subspecies, including subsp. brevifolius, for which four geographically distinct races have been described (A, B, C, and D). Of these four races, only C occurs in the northern Intermountain West. Our objectives were to describe phenotypic and genetic variation within C and to ascertain its taxonomic status. We evaluated 32 populations of C collected across the northern Intermountain West for a battery of biomass, phenological, and functional traits in common-garden settings in the field and greenhouse. Genetic variation was assessed with the use of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, and correlations were calculated among phenotypic, genetic, environmental, and geographic distance matrices with the use of Mantel tests. Values for these four distance measures were positively correlated, suggesting that environmental heterogeneity and isolation by distance are shaping ecotypic divergence driven by natural selection. We describe three phenotypic zones for C that correspond to previously established ecoregion boundaries. Because genetic data group C apart from subsp. brevifolius races A, B, and D, which originate in the Rocky Mountains and western Great Plains, the so-called race C merits description as a new subspecies apart from subsp. brevifolius. C1 [Jones, Thomas A.; Larson, Steven R.; Mott, Ivan W.; Monaco, Thomas A.] USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Parsons, Matthew C.] HT Harvey & Associates, Los Gatos, CA 95032 USA. RP Jones, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM thomas.jones@ars.usda.gov FU Bureau of Land Management; US Forest Service FX This research was supported in part by the Bureau of Land Management and US Forest Service through the Great Basin Native Plant Selection and Increase Project. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 64 IS 6 BP 649 EP 658 DI 10.2111/REM-D-09-00143.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 856IW UT WOS:000297634400010 ER PT J AU Pfister, JA Cook, D Gardner, DR AF Pfister, James A. Cook, Daniel Gardner, Dale R. TI Cattle Grazing Toxic Delphinium andersonii in South-Central Idaho SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE alkaloids; diet; larkspur; livestock; poisonous plants ID TALL LARKSPUR DELPHINIUM; INGESTION; NUTTALLIANUM; ALKALOIDS; LIVESTOCK; SPP.; AGE AB Anderson larkspur (Delphinium andersonii A. Gray) is a toxic plant responsible for cattle death losses in the western United States. The objectives of the present study were to determine when cattle consumed Anderson larkspur in relation to plant phenology and toxicity, and to determine if animal age influenced selection of Anderson larkspur. These grazing studies were conducted on semiarid sagebrush rangeland near Picabo, Idaho. Eight 6-7-yr-old mature Angus cows were used in 2008, whereas during 2009, 12 Angus cattle were used, including six yearling heifers and six 4-yr-old cows. The overall density of Anderson larkspur was 2.8 plants . m(-2) during 2008, and 4.9 plants . m(-2) during 2009. Total toxic alkaloid concentrations in Anderson larkspur plants were near or above 5 mg . g(-1) during both studies. During 2008 consumption peaked during the late flower and pod stage of growth. Overall in 2008 cows ate 3% of their bites as larkspur. During 2009 heifers ate about twice as much Anderson larkspur as did mature cows (5.1% of bites vs. 2.9%, respectively). Heifers repeatedly consumed sufficient larkspur that they collapsed; however, no animals were fatally intoxicated. Heifers appeared to become transiently averted to larkspur; however, heifers resumed consumption of D. andersonii after a period of one to several days of low or no consumption. Livestock management to reduce losses to Anderson larkspur should include timed grazing to avoid infested pastures during full flower to pod phenological stages, and grazing with older animals rather than yearling heifers. C1 [Pfister, James A.; Cook, Daniel; Gardner, Dale R.] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Pfister, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM jim.pfister@ars.usda.gov FU Bud and Nick Purdy; Picabo Livestock, Picabo, Idaho FX We thank Kermit Price, Clint Stonecipher, Ed Knoppel, Danny Hansen, and Rex Probst for assistance with the study. We also thank Bud and Nick Purdy, Picabo Livestock, Picabo, Idaho, for their cooperation and support during the studies. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 64 IS 6 BP 664 EP 668 DI 10.2111/REM-D-11-00001.1 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 856IW UT WOS:000297634400012 ER PT J AU Bel, PD Xu, BG AF Bel, Patricia Damian Xu, Bugao TI Measurements of seed coat fragments in cotton fibers and fabrics SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Cotton; image analysis; seed coat fragments ID GINNED LINT; VARIETIES; STRENGTH; NEPS AB Seed coat fragments (SCFs) are the parts of a seed coat that have been broken from the surface of either mature or immature seeds during mechanical processing. SCFs can cause spinning problems and fabric defects, which ultimately cause financial losses to the cotton industry. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate an image-analysis tool that detects SCFs on fabrics and compares various methods of detection of SCFs in fiber and fabric. The first part of this paper looks at 12 international cottons (a broad range of cottons from distinctly different regions). The version called AFISPro is used in these studies. The SCFs in these fibers were measured by hand sorting, the Shirley Analyzer and the Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS). The SCFs in the fabrics (made from the same cottons) were measured by hand counting and an automated image-analysis system (Autorate). The Autorate SCF fabric data had a high correlation with the hand-counting SCF fabric data. The same 12 international cotton samples and an additional 12 international cottons were used for the AFISPro studies, since AFISPro is much faster than hand sorting. Comparison of the fiber and fabric data showed a promising relationship between the AFIS SCF measurement and the SCF fabric data. C1 [Bel, Patricia Damian] ARS, SRRC, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Xu, Bugao] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Bel, PD (reprint author), 1100 Robert E Lee Blve, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Patty.Bel@ars.usda.gov FU Cotton Incorporated [USDA] [58-6435-6-0018] FX This work was supported by Cotton Incorporated [USDA Reimbursable Agreement 58-6435-6-0018]. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 81 IS 19 BP 1983 EP 1994 DI 10.1177/0040517511407370 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 856YB UT WOS:000297679700004 ER PT J AU Chen, HD Yada, RY AF Chen, Hongda Yada, Rickey Y. TI International Conference on Food and Agriculture Applications of Nanotechnologies, NanoAgri 2010, Sao Pedro, SP, Brazil, June 20 to 25, 2010 SO TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Chen, Hongda] Natl Inst Food & Agr, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Yada, Rickey Y.] Univ Guelph, Dept Food Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Chen, HD (reprint author), Natl Inst Food & Agr, USDA, 1400 Independence Ave SW,Mail Stop 2220, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM HCHEN@nifa.usda.gov; ryada@uoguelph.ca RI Yada, Rickey/A-8289-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0924-2244 J9 TRENDS FOOD SCI TECH JI Trends Food Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 22 IS 11 SI SI BP 583 EP 584 DI 10.1016/j.tifs.2011.10.007 PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 858DZ UT WOS:000297777400001 ER PT J AU Chen, HD Yada, R AF Chen, Hongda Yada, Rickey TI Nanotechnologies in agriculture: New tools for sustainable development SO TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID WATER-PURIFICATION AB Nanoscale science and nanotechnology have been demonstrated to have great potential in providing novel and improved solutions to many grand challenges facing agriculture and society today and in the future. This review highlights some of the most promising and important nanotechnology applications in agriculture; and recommends several strategies for advancing the best scientific and technological knowledge presently being examined. In addition, implications for human and environmental health, and technical, financial and capacity-related challenges as they relate to developing countries are identified. Finally, some suggested mechanisms for partnerships and collaborations are also identified and suggested. C1 [Chen, Hongda] Natl Inst Food & Agr, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Yada, Rickey] Univ Guelph, Dept Food Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Chen, HD (reprint author), Natl Inst Food & Agr, USDA, 1400 Independence Ave,MS 2220 SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM hchen@nifa.usda.gov RI Yada, Rickey/A-8289-2013 FU organizing committee; USDA-ARS; EMBRAPA (Labex USA); IUFoST FX This review is largely based on a background paper written by Hongda Chen, Vittorio Fattori, Masami Takeuchi, Renata Clarke and Rickey Yada in preparation for the International Conference on Food and Agriculture Applications of Nanotechnologies - NANOAGRI 2010 held June 20-25, 2010 in Sao Pedro, Brazil, jointly organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Brazilian Coordination for Graduate Education (CAPES) and Brazilian Corporation for Research in Agriculture (EMBRAPA). The financial support to the authors for attending the conference provided by the organizing committee and the Cooperation Program between USDA-ARS and EMBRAPA (Labex USA) as well as IUFoST is acknowledged. NR 32 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 10 U2 89 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0924-2244 J9 TRENDS FOOD SCI TECH JI Trends Food Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 22 IS 11 SI SI BP 585 EP 594 DI 10.1016/j.tifs.2011.09.004 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 858DZ UT WOS:000297777400002 ER PT J AU Breitenbach, JE Shelby, KS Popham, HJR AF Breitenbach, Jonathan E. Shelby, Kent S. Popham, Holly J. R. TI Baculovirus Induced Transcripts in Hemocytes from the Larvae of Heliothis virescens SO VIRUSES-BASEL LA English DT Article DE baculovirus; lepidopteran; transcription; RNA-seq ID JUVENILE-HORMONE ESTERASE; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; GENE-EXPRESSION; BOMBYX-MORI; CELL-LINES; INFECTION; VIRUS; DROSOPHILA; INSECT; ERRANTIVIRUS AB Using RNA-seq digital difference expression profiling methods, we have assessed the gene expression profiles of hemocytes harvested from Heliothis virescens that were challenged with Helicoverpa zea single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzSNPV). A reference transcriptome of hemocyte-expressed transcripts was assembled from 202 million 42-base tags by combining the sequence data of all samples, and the assembled sequences were then subject to BLASTx analysis to determine gene identities. We used the fully sequenced HzSNPV reference genome to align 477,264 Illumina sequence tags from infected hemocytes in order to document expression of HzSNPV genes at early points during infection. A comparison of expression profiles of control insects to those lethally infected with HzSNPV revealed differential expression of key cellular stress response genes and genes involved in lipid metabolism. Transcriptional regulation of specific insect hormones in baculovirus-infected insects was also altered. A number of transcripts bearing homology to retroviral elements that were detected add to a growing body of evidence for extensive invasion of errantiviruses into the insect genome. Using this method, we completed the first and most comprehensive gene expression survey of both baculoviral infection and host immune defense in lepidopteran larvae. C1 [Breitenbach, Jonathan E.; Shelby, Kent S.; Popham, Holly J. R.] ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, USDA, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Popham, HJR (reprint author), ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, USDA, 1503 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM Jonathan.Breitenbach@ars.usda.gov; Kent.Shelby@ars.usda.gov; Holly.Popham@ars.usda.gov RI Shelby, Kent/E-1605-2011 OI Shelby, Kent/0000-0001-9859-3497 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service FX We wish to thank Bill Spollen, Sean Blake, and Nathan Bivens of the University of Missouri Bond Life Sciences Center DNA Core for assistance with sequence generation and analysis. Larry Brown provided technical assistance. This work was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. All programs and services of the U. S. Department of Agriculture are offered on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, marital status, or handicap. NR 63 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 12 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4915 J9 VIRUSES-BASEL JI Viruses-Basel PD NOV PY 2011 VL 3 IS 11 BP 2047 EP 2064 DI 10.3390/v3112047 PG 18 WC Virology SC Virology GA 857EP UT WOS:000297699200002 PM 22163334 ER PT J AU Seefeldt, SS Leytem, AB AF Seefeldt, Steven. S. Leytem, April B. TI SHEEP BEDDING IN THE CENTENNIAL MOUNTAINS OF MONTANA AND IDAHO: EFFECTS ON VEGETATION SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM; SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; DIVERSITY; RANGES; KENYA; COVER; FIELD; DIET AB In summer, bands of sheep are grazed in western North American mountains. At night the sheep are concentrated into heckling areas. In the study area, each bedding area is only utilized by sheep for one night a year for 2 out of 3 years. Vegetation in the bedding areas was compared to vegetation outside these areas. Both perennial forb cover and total perennial cover were greater outside (48% and 61%, respectively) than inside (29% and 36%, respectively) the bedding areas. Annual forb cover one year after sheep grazing was greater inside (17%) bedding areas than outside (5%). Immediately after sheep bedding, total forb cover was greater outside the bedding areas. Forb and grass biomass were greater outside the bedding areas compared to inside. Total vegetation biomass outside (240 g . m(-2)) the bedding areas was more than double the amount inside (86 g . m(-2)) immediately after heckling. In the year after bedding, vegetation biomass inside the bedding areas increased, but was still less than outside. Sheep heckling areas were not invaded by nonnative plants. Sheep bedding reduced vegetation quantity and changed relative abundance of annual forbs. Vegetation in the bedding areas was resilient to grazing impacts, and long-term use of sites in this ecosystem does not significantly degrade vegetation. C1 [Seefeldt, Steven. S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Leytem, April B.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Seefeldt, SS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Room 355,ONeill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM steven.seefeldt@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD NOV PY 2011 VL 71 IS 3 BP 361 EP 373 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 855AW UT WOS:000297536900007 ER PT J AU Ralphs, MH Motteram, E Panter, KE AF Ralphs, M. H. Motteram, E. Panter, K. E. TI VELVET LUPINE (LUPINUS LEUCOPHYLLUS) POPULATION CYCLES WITH PRECIPITATION SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID MOUNT-ST-HELENS; FIRE AB Velvet lupine (Lupinus leucophyllus Dough ex Lindl) contains the teratogenic alkaloid anagyrine that causes a crooked calf syndrome. An outbreak of crooked calves occurred in the Channeled Scab land region of eastern Washington in 1997 following 2 years of above-average precipitation. Following this catastrophic loss, we began studies to track velvet lupine density and relate its population cycle to precipitation. In the first study, five 1-m(2) quadrats were systematically placed in dense lupine patches at each of 5 locations throughout the scabland region. The quadrats were permanently marked and the number of seedlings and established mature plants were counted biweekly or monthly through the growing seasons of 2001-2005. In the second study, four 1 x 30-m belt transects were established at each of 3 additional locations in the scabland region. The number of seedlings and mature lupine plants were counted within these transects in June or July each year from 2002 to 2009. A third study was conducted to determine the slope or aspect where lupine was most abundant. Ten sites were located along the Cow Creek drainage which runs through the region. At each site, 1 x 10-m belt transects were established in alluvial bottoms, slopes, and shallow rocky ridges. In study 1, density of mature lupine plants generally declined between 2001 and 2005 (P < 0.001) and was correlated with spring precipitation (r = 0.77). In study 2, density of mature lupine plants differed between years (P < 0.001), declining from 2002 through 2005 but increasing in 2007 in response to heavy precipitation the previous fall and spring (mature lupine plants vs. fall precipitation, r = 0.75; and mature lupine plants vs. spring precipitation, r = 0.62). Density of lupine was greatest on slopes (2.6 plants . m(-2)), intermediate on alluvial bottoms (1.5 plants . m(-2)), and lowest on shallow rocky ridges (0.26 plants . m(-2)). Velvet lupine populations appear to cycle with climatic patterns, increasing following wet years and dying back in drought. C1 [Ralphs, M. H.; Panter, K. E.] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Motteram, E.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Field Invest Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Ralphs, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM michael.ralphs@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD NOV PY 2011 VL 71 IS 3 BP 396 EP 403 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 855AW UT WOS:000297536900010 ER PT J AU Millar, CJ AF Millar, Constance J. TI INFLUENCE OF DOMESTIC LIVESTOCK GRAZING ON AMERICAN PIKA (OCHOTONA PRINCEPS) HAYPILING BEHAVIOR IN THE EASTERN SIERRA NEVADA AND GREAT BASIN SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CLIMATIC RELATIONSHIPS; PERIGLACIAL LANDFORMS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; USA; POPULATION; DISPERSAL; MOUNTAINS AB In a pilot study, I observed a relationship between domestic livestock grazing and location of American pika (Ochotona princeps) haypiles in the eastern Sierra Nevada and several Great Basin mountain ranges. Where vegetation communities adjacent to talus bases (forefields) were grazed, mean distance from the talus borders to the closest fresh haypiles was 30.1 in (SD = 18.9 m, n = 27), and haypiles were found only high in the talus. In ungrazed forefields, mean distance was 1.8 m (SD = 0.9 m, n = 57), and haypiles were found along the low-elevation talus vegetation border. Where grazing was active, haypiles consistently contained vegetation gathered from plants growing within the talus. Talus vegetation appeared to be of lower diversity and the plant species of lower nutritional value than forefield plants. This difference, if real, would compromise quality of forage for summer browsing and winter haypile storage. This condition, combined with potentially less favorable summer and winter thermal conditions of upper talus locations relative to lower talus borders, suggests that grazing might be a factor compromising population conditions and status of pikas. Recent studies have reported higher extirpation rates of pika populations in Great Basin ranges (primarily in Nevada) than in adjacent regions. Because domestic livestock grazing is widely permitted on public lands throughout pika habitat in the Great Basin but not permitted (or much more restricted) in pika habitat of the Sierra Nevada, California, grazing effects might be contributing to observed regional differences in viability of pikas. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, WAB, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Millar, CJ (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, WAB, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM cmillar@fs.fed.us NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 20 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD NOV PY 2011 VL 71 IS 3 BP 425 EP 430 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 855AW UT WOS:000297536900014 ER PT J AU Easson, M Condon, B Yoshioka-Tarver, M Childress, S Slopek, R Bland, J Nguyen, TM Chang, SC Graves, E AF Easson, Michael Condon, Brian Yoshioka-Tarver, Megumi Childress, Stephanie Slopek, Ryan Bland, John Nguyen, Thach-Mien Chang, Se-Chin Graves, Elena TI Cyanuric Chloride Derivatives for Cotton Textile Treatment-Synthesis, Analysis, and Flammability Testing SO AATCC REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Cyanuric Chloride; Flame Retardant; LOI; SEM; Thermogram; Vertical Flame ID RETARDANCY; SYNERGISM AB Two cyanuric chloride derivatives were synthesized in good yields and analyzed by proton, carbon, and phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as well as high performance liquid and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Treated cotton fabric was tested for flame retardant properties using standardized thermogravimetric, limiting oxygen index, and vertical flame methods. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed the level of flame retardant protection. The results are reported herein and indicate cyanuric chloride derivatives have a potential use in flame retardant applications to cotton textiles. C1 [Easson, Michael] USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Easson, M (reprint author), USDA, SRRC, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Michael.Easson@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 1532-8813 J9 AATCC REV JI AATCC Rev. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 11 IS 6 BP 60 EP 66 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 853LO UT WOS:000297428000008 ER PT J AU Anlauf, KJ Jensen, DW Burnett, KM Steel, EA Christiansen, K Firman, JC Feist, BE Larsen, DP AF Anlauf, K. J. Jensen, D. W. Burnett, K. M. Steel, E. A. Christiansen, K. Firman, J. C. Feist, B. E. Larsen, D. P. TI Explaining spatial variability in stream habitats using both natural and management-influenced landscape predictors SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE landscape scale; fish habitat; conservation evaluation; habitat management; monitoring; stream; coastal ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; JUVENILE COHO SALMON; LAND-USE; COASTAL STREAMS; CHINOOK SALMON; MULTIPLE-REGRESSION; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; LINEAR-REGRESSION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; COLUMBIA RIVER AB 1. The distribution and composition of in-stream habitats are reflections of landscape scale geomorphic and climatic controls. Correspondingly, Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) are largely adapted to and constrained by the quality and complexity of those in-stream habitat conditions. The degree to which lands have been fragmented and managed can disrupt these patterns and affect overall habitat availability and quality. 2. Eleven in-stream habitat features were modelled as a function of landscape composition. In total, 121 stream reaches within coastal catchments of Oregon were modelled. For each habitat feature, three linear regression models were applied in sequence; final models were composed of the immutable and management-influenced landscape predictors that best described the variability in stream habitat. 3. Immutable landscape predictors considered proxies for stream power described the majority of the variability seen in stream habitat features. Management-influenced landscape predictors, describing the additional human impacts beyond that which was inherently entwined with the immutable predictors, explained a sizeable proportion of variability. The largest response was seen in wood volume and pool frequency. 4. By using a sequential linear regression analysis, management-influenced factors could be segregated from natural gradients to identify those stream habitat features that may be more sensitive to land-use pressures. These results contribute to the progressing notion that the conservation of freshwater resources is best accomplished by investigating and managing stream systems from a landscape perspective. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Anlauf, K. J.; Firman, J. C.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Burnett, K. M.; Christiansen, K.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Burnett, K. M.; Christiansen, K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Steel, E. A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Larsen, D. P.] US EPA, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Feist, B. E.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Anlauf, KJ (reprint author), Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis Res Lab, 28655 Hwy 34, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Kara.Anlauf-Dunn@oregonstate.edu OI Feist, Blake/0000-0001-5215-4878 FU Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board; NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center; USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station FX We thank Dr. John Stein at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, Aquatic Conservation editor Professor Philip Boon, and one anonymous reviewer for their constructive suggestions. We would also like to acknowledge and thank the field crews who collected the wealth of habitat data. This work was funded by a grant from the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board with additional support from NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center and the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. NR 74 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1052-7613 EI 1099-0755 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 21 IS 7 BP 704 EP 714 DI 10.1002/aqc.1221 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 851OZ UT WOS:000297282000010 ER PT J AU Srikanth, K Park, J Stanley, DW Kim, Y AF Srikanth, Koigoora Park, Junga Stanley, David W. Kim, Yonggyun TI PLASMATOCYTE-SPREADING PEPTIDE INFLUENCES HEMOCYTE BEHAVIOR VIA EICOSANOIDS SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plasmatocyte-spreading peptide; prostaglandins; plasmatocytes; insect immunity; Spodoptera exigua ID GROWTH-BLOCKING PEPTIDE; MANDUCA-SEXTA; PSEUDOPLUSIA-INCLUDENS; SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA; INSECT CYTOKINE; HEMOLYMPH; IMMUNITY; CALCIUM; IDENTIFICATION; RECEPTOR AB Hemocyte-spreading behavior is required for expressing a cellular immune response, nodulation, which clears the vast majority of invading microbes from circulation. The nodulation response is completed by a layer of plasmatocytes, which spread over the nodule and initiate a malanization process leading to darkened nodules. Plasmatocyte-spreading peptide (PSP), the first reported insect cytokine, is responsible for mediating the spreading and attachment of some subclasses of plasmatocytes to nodules. Prostaglandins (PGs), one group of eicosanoids formed from arachidonic acid (AA), also mediate plasmatocyte spreading (PS), although the potential interactions between the PSP and PG signal transduction pathways have not been investigated. We tested our hypothesis that PSP acts via biosynthesis of eicosanoids, specifically PGs, in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. In this study, we report that (1) PSP and PGE(2) independently stimulated Ca(++)-dependent PS, (2) inhibitors of PG biosynthesis reversibly blocked PS, (3) dsRNA silencing the gene encoding proPSP blocked PS, which was rescued by PSP and by AA, (4) PSP-stimulated PS was reversibly impaired by inhibitors of PG biosynthesis, and (5) the inhibitor-impaired spreading was rescued by AA. Taken together, these points strongly support our model showing that PSP acts via a plasmatocyte-surface receptor, which stimulates biosynthesis of the PGs responsible for mediating plasmatocytes spreading. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Srikanth, Koigoora; Park, Junga; Kim, Yonggyun] Andong Natl Univ, Dept Bioresource Sci, Andong 760749, South Korea. [Stanley, David W.] USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), Andong Natl Univ, Dept Bioresource Sci, Andong 760749, South Korea. EM hosanna@andong.ac.kr FU National Research Foundation, Korea; Korea Education and Science Department, Seoul, Korea FX This study was supported by a Basic Research Program grant of National Research Foundation, Korea to Y.K. K. Srikanth was supported by the Second Stage BK21 program of Korea Education and Science Department, Seoul, Korea. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. This article reports the results of research only and mention of a proprietary product that does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for its use by the USDA. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 78 IS 3 BP 145 EP 160 DI 10.1002/arch.20450 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 850NL UT WOS:000297201500003 PM 22006534 ER PT J AU Law, DJ Finch, DM AF Law, Darin J. Finch, Deborah M. TI Hydrologic, abiotic and biotic interactions: plant density, windspeed, leaf size and groundwater all affect oak water use efficiency SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gambel oak; Quercus gambelii Nutt; conductance; transpiration; water use efficiency; groundwater; ephemeral stream; intermittent stream ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; GAMBEL OAK; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TRANSPIRATION; LIGNOTUBERS; COMMUNITIES; GRADIENT; COLORADO AB Plant water use in drylands can be complex due to variation in hydrologic, abiotic and biotic factors, particularly near ephemeral or intermittent streams. Plant use of groundwater may be important but is usually uncertain. Disturbances like fire contribute to complex spatiotemporal heterogeneity. Improved understanding of how such hydrologic, abiotic, and biotic factors affect plant water use is needed not only to address management issues related to land use but also due to climate change, particularly for drylands projected to become warmer and drier such as much of the southwestern USA. Here we focus on the interactive roles of hydrologic, abiotic, and biotic factors in determining plant water use of Gambel oak in ephemeral and/or intermittent riparian areas of ponderosa pine forest in central New Mexico, USA along a fire disturbance gradient with varying oak densities. More specifically, the purpose of this research is to determine: (1) depth to and frequency of groundwater associated with intermittent and ephemeral streams, (2) isotopic indications of whether or not groundwater is used by plants, and (3) plant water use (conductance, transpiration, and water use efficiency) interactions with groundwater. Depth to groundwater, which could be as shallow as 1 m or less, increased with plant density but plant water use efficiency decreased. Photosynthesis:transpiration ratios maximizing water use efficiency for a given successional stage appeared to be also affected by windspeed and leaf size, highlighting interactive effects of hydrologic, abiotic and biotic affectsa finding that may be ecohydrologically relevant for other dryland riparian systems. Published 2010. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Law, Darin J.; Finch, Deborah M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Law, DJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 1311 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. EM dlaw@email.arizona.edu RI Finch, Deborah/H-2876-2015 OI Finch, Deborah/0000-0001-9118-7381 FU National Fire Plan; National Groundwater Association FX Support for this research was supported by a grant from the National Fire Plan and from the National Groundwater Association. The authors express gratitude to James Vaughn and Hugo Magana for field assistance and David Breshears for providing time and resources while writing the manuscript. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD NOV PY 2011 VL 4 IS 6 BP 823 EP 831 DI 10.1002/eco.172 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 850OO UT WOS:000297205200006 ER PT J AU Vercauteren, A Larsen, M Goss, E Grunwald, NJ Maes, M Heungens, K AF Vercauteren, Annelies Larsen, Meg Goss, Erica Gruenwald, Niklaus J. Maes, Martine Heungens, Kurt TI Identification of new polymorphic microsatellite markers in the NA1 and NA2 lineages of Phytophthora ramorum SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE genetic diversity; microsatellite markers; oomycetes; sudden oak death; universal labeling ID OAK DEATH PATHOGEN; CLONAL LINEAGES; NORTH-AMERICA; CALIFORNIA; MIGRATION; NURSERY AB Phytophthora ramorum is a recently introduced pathogen in Europe and North America consisting of three clonal lineages. Due to the limited intralineage genetic variation, only a few polymorphic markers are available for use in studies involving the epidemiology and evolution of P. ramorum. A total of 159 primer pairs for candidate polymorphic SSR loci were tested with universal labeling. Four polymorphic microsatellite loci were identified within the NA1 lineage and one within the NA2 lineage, demonstrating the power and flexibility of the screening technique. The markers may significantly increase the number of genotypes that can be identified and as such can help better characterize the North American lineages of P. ramorum. C1 [Vercauteren, Annelies; Maes, Martine; Heungens, Kurt] Inst Agr & Fisheries Res ILVO, Plant Sci Unit, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. [Larsen, Meg; Goss, Erica; Gruenwald, Niklaus J.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Heungens, K (reprint author), Inst Agr & Fisheries Res ILVO, Plant Sci Unit, Burg Van Gansberghelaan 96 Bus 2, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. EM kurt.heungens@ilvo.vlaanderen.be RI Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013; Goss, Erica/H-7020-2014 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; FU Belgian Federal Public Service (FPS) Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment [RT-05/04-PHYRAMI]; Belgian Plant Protection Service - FAVV [10-ILVOCRA-Planten]; United States Department of Agriculture ARS CRIS [5358-22000-034-00D]; United States Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station FX Financial support was provided by the Belgian Federal Public Service (FPS) Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment (project RT-05/04-PHYRAMI), the Belgian Plant Protection Service - FAVV (agreement 10-ILVOCRA-Planten), the United States Department of Agriculture ARS CRIS Project 5358-22000-034-00D and the United States Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station sudden oak death research program. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 103 IS 6 BP 1245 EP 1249 DI 10.3852/10-420 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 852WJ UT WOS:000297387900009 PM 21642345 ER PT J AU Nalim, FA Samuels, GJ Wijesundera, RL Geiser, DM AF Nalim, F. Ameena Samuels, Gary J. Wijesundera, Ravi L. Geiser, David M. TI New species from the Fusarium solani species complex derived from perithecia and soil in the Old World tropics SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Australia; biogeography; dual nomenclature; FSSC; Haematonectria; Neocosmospora; pleo-morphic fungi; Sri Lanka ID SUDDEN-DEATH SYNDROME; NECTRIA-HAEMATOCOCCA; INFECTIONS; TUCUMANIAE; MORPHOLOGY; PHYLOGENY; ANAMORPHS; FUNGI; NOV. AB A large collection of strains belonging to the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) was isolated from soil and perithecia in primary forests in Sri Lanka (from fallen tree bark) and tropical Australia (Queensland, from fallen tree fruits and nuts). Portions of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha tef1) gene, the nuclear large subunit (NLSU) and internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal RNA genes were sequenced in 52 isolates from soil and perithecia. The FSSC was divided previously into three clades with some biogeographic structure, termed Glades 1, 2 and 3. All Sri Lankan and Australian soil isolates were found to be members of Glade 3, most grouping with the cosmopolitan soil-associated species F. falciforme. All but two Sri Lankan perithecial isolates were associated with a set of five divergent phylogenetic lineages that were associated with Glade 2. Australian perithecial isolates resided in a subclade of Glade 3 where most of the previously defined mating populations of the FSSC reside. Isolates from perithecia and those cultured from soil were always members of different species lineages, even when derived from proximal locations. The previous biogeographic assignment of Glade 2 to South America is now expanded to the worldwide tropics. Sri Lanka appears to be an important center of diversity for the FSSC. Nectria haematococca is epitypified with a collection from the type locality in Sri Lanka; its anamorph is described as a new species, Fusarium haematococcum. Neocosmospora E.F. Smith is adopted as the correct genus for Nectria haematococca. These new species are described: F. kurunegalense/Neo. kurunegalensis, F. rectiphorus/Neo. rectiphora/, F. mahasenii/Neo. mahasenii/, F. kelerajum/Neo. keleraja. C1 [Nalim, F. Ameena] New Mexico State Univ, Program Mol Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Samuels, Gary J.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wijesundera, Ravi L.] Univ Colombo, Dept Plant Sci, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka. [Geiser, David M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Nalim, FA (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Program Mol Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM fanalim@nmsu.edu RI Geiser, David/J-9950-2013 FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0089474]; Pennsylvania State University; NSF [07-31510] FX These individuals contributed materially to the research: Dylan Short and Jean Juba (Pennsylvania State University), Nihal Dayawansa (University of Colombo), Hans Josef Schroers (Slovenia) and Ceri Pearce (Australia). Orlando Petrini prepared the Latin descriptions. Most sequences belonging in the FSSC other than those from the Sri Lankan and Australian expeditions were from Kerry O'Donnell. The work was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant DEB 0089474 "Phylogenetic and biological species in the Fusarium solani complex" to the Plant Pathology Dept., Pennsylvania State University, and by NSF PEET grant 07-31510 "Monographic studies in the Nectriaceae, Hypocreales: Nectria, Cosmospora and Neonectria" to the Dept. of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does NR 38 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 11 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 103 IS 6 BP 1302 EP 1330 DI 10.3852/10-307 PG 29 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 852WJ UT WOS:000297387900014 PM 21700636 ER PT J AU Yun, HY Minnis, AM Kim, YH Castlebury, LA Aime, MC AF Yun, Hye Young Minnis, Andrew M. Kim, Young Ho Castlebury, Lisa A. Aime, M. Catherine TI The rust genus Frommeella revisited: a later synonym of Phragmidium after all SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE cinquefoil pathogens; fungal taxonomy; rDNA systematics; rust fungi; Uredinales ID RIBOSOMAL DNA; FUNGI; UREDINALES; PHYLOGENY; SEQUENCES AB Frommeella (Phragmidiaceae, Pucciniales, Basidiomycota), which currently includes two species and is typified by F. tormentillae, causes rust on members of tribe Potentilleae (Rosaceae). The genus has been distinguished from Phragmidium on the basis of having only one germ pore per teliospore cell rather than two or three and by aecial characters. Phylogenetic analyses of both currently accepted Frommeella spp. with nLSU rDNA data suggest that Frommeella was derived from within a chide representing Phragmidium. Thus frommeella should be considered to be a later generic synonym of Phragmidium. Analyses also indicate that Frommeella tormentillae on Potentilla species includes two taxa recognized herein as Phragmidium potentillae-canadensis and P. tormen-Frommeella mexicana on Potentilla spp. formerly classified in Duchesnea, is distinct from but sister to the other two species. Based on data regarding type specimens that were presented in a study by McCain and Hennen, the new combination Phragmidium mexicanum is proposed as the correct name for this species. Necessary studies of original material were made, and Phragmidium potentillae-canadensis is lectotpyified and epitypified. Although considered and expanded here, further examination of species boundaries and host ranges of the fungi formerly classified in Frommeella is warranted. C1 [Aime, M. Catherine] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Yun, Hye Young; Minnis, Andrew M.; Castlebury, Lisa A.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kim, Young Ho] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151921, South Korea. RP Aime, MC (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, 302 Life Sci Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM maime@agcenter.lsu.edu FU USDA-APHIS; Louisiana Board of Regents FX The authors thank Chris Clark (Louisiana material), Raman Kaur (technical assistance at LSU), Karen Hughes and Ed Lickey (logistics and support for collecting in Great Smoky Mountains National Park), and USDA-APHIS and the Louisiana Board of Regents for support of molecular work done at LSU. Two anonymous reviewers are credited with helpful comments, especially encouragement to study additional original material, which improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 103 IS 6 BP 1451 EP 1463 DI 10.3852/11-120 PG 13 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 852WJ UT WOS:000297387900024 PM 21828214 ER PT J AU Shahbazi, H Aminian, H Sahebani, N Halterman, DA AF Shahbazi, Hadis Aminian, Heshmatolah Sahebani, Navazollah Halterman, Dennis A. TI Activity of beta-1,3-glucanase and beta-1,4-glucanase in two potato cultivars following challenge by the fungal pathogen Alternaria solani SO PHYTOPARASITICA LA English DT Article DE Early blight; Pathogen-related protein; Solanum tuberosum ID PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; DIFFERENTIAL INDUCTION; VENTURIA-INAEQUALIS; ANTIFUNGAL PROTEINS; RESISTANCE; TOMATO; EXPRESSION; CHITINASE; INFECTION; ACCUMULATION AB Early blight of potato, caused by Alternaria solani, is a ubiquitous disease in many countries around the world. Our previous screening of several Iranian potato cultivars found that variation in resistance exists between two cultivars: 'Diamond' and 'Granula'. Cultivar Diamond is more resistant to multiple isolates of A. solani when compared to cv. Granula. Furthermore, we have found that different pathogen isolates have varying degrees of infection. We monitored the activities of two pathogen-related (PR) glucanase proteins in Diamond and Granula in response to two isolates of A. solani with different degrees of virulence. beta-1,3-glucanase and beta-1,4-glucanase activities were recorded in healthy and diseased leaves of potatoes up to 10 days after inoculation. Their activities were found to be higher in diseased leaves when compared to those of uninfected leaves. Our data suggest that significantly reduced activities of theses enzymes in potato could be related to a lower degree of resistance or an increased ability of a more aggressive isolate to suppress PR protein expression. C1 [Shahbazi, Hadis] Islamic Azad Univ, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran. [Aminian, Heshmatolah; Sahebani, Navazollah] Univ Tehran, Dept Plant Protect, Tehran, Iran. [Halterman, Dennis A.] ARS, USDA, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Shahbazi, H (reprint author), Islamic Azad Univ, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran. EM sah.shahbazi@yahoo.com NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0334-2123 J9 PHYTOPARASITICA JI Phytoparasitica PD NOV PY 2011 VL 39 IS 5 BP 455 EP 460 DI 10.1007/s12600-011-0184-2 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 858YB UT WOS:000297838300006 ER PT J AU Brown, PJ Upadyayula, N Mahone, GS Tian, F Bradbury, PJ Myles, S Holland, JB Flint-Garcia, S McMullen, MD Buckler, ES Rocheford, TR AF Brown, Patrick J. Upadyayula, Narasimham Mahone, Gregory S. Tian, Feng Bradbury, Peter J. Myles, Sean Holland, James B. Flint-Garcia, Sherry McMullen, Michael D. Buckler, Edward S. Rocheford, Torbert R. TI Distinct Genetic Architectures for Male and Female Inflorescence Traits of Maize SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ASSOCIATION MAPPING POPULATION; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; LEUCINE-ZIPPER PROTEIN; SEX DETERMINATION; COMPLEX TRAITS; ENCODES; EVOLUTION; HEIGHT; FATE; ORGANOGENESIS AB We compared the genetic architecture of thirteen maize morphological traits in a large population of recombinant inbred lines. Four traits from the male inflorescence (tassel) and three traits from the female inflorescence (ear) were measured and studied using linkage and genome-wide association analyses and compared to three flowering and three leaf traits previously studied in the same population. Inflorescence loci have larger effects than flowering and leaf loci, and ear effects are larger than tassel effects. Ear trait models also have lower predictive ability than tassel, flowering, or leaf trait models. Pleiotropic loci were identified that control elongation of ear and tassel, consistent with their common developmental origin. For these pleiotropic loci, the ear effects are larger than tassel effects even though the same causal polymorphisms are likely involved. This implies that the observed differences in genetic architecture are not due to distinct features of the underlying polymorphisms. Our results support the hypothesis that genetic architecture is a function of trait stability over evolutionary time, since the traits that changed most during the relatively recent domestication of maize have the largest effects. C1 [Brown, Patrick J.; Tian, Feng; Myles, Sean; Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genomic Div, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Brown, Patrick J.; Upadyayula, Narasimham; Mahone, Gregory S.; Rocheford, Torbert R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bradbury, Peter J.; Buckler, Edward S.] ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY USA. [Holland, James B.] N Carolina State Univ, ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC USA. [Holland, James B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC USA. [Flint-Garcia, Sherry; McMullen, Michael D.] Univ Missouri, ARS, USDA, Columbia, MO USA. [Flint-Garcia, Sherry; McMullen, Michael D.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY USA. [Rocheford, Torbert R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Brown, PJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Inst Genomic Div, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM pjb34@illinois.edu; torbert@purdue.edu OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X; Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [DBI-0820619, 0321467, 0604923]; USDA-ARS FX Support was provided by U.S. National Science Foundation grants (DBI-0820619, 0321467, and 0604923) and USDA-ARS. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 63 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 6 U2 40 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-7404 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 7 IS 11 AR e1002383 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002383 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 851JM UT WOS:000297264500034 PM 22125498 ER PT J AU Zhu, SF Jeong, RD Venugopal, SC Lapchyk, L Navarre, D Kachroo, A Kachroo, P AF Zhu, Shifeng Jeong, Rae-Dong Venugopal, Srivathsa C. Lapchyk, Ludmila Navarre, Duroy Kachroo, Aardra Kachroo, Pradeep TI SAG101 Forms a Ternary Complex with EDS1 and PAD4 and Is Required for Resistance Signaling against Turnip Crinkle Virus SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; SALICYLIC-ACID; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; MICROBE INTERACTIONS; ESSENTIAL COMPONENT; ARABIDOPSIS; PROTEIN; GENE; DEFENSE AB EDS1, PAD4, and SAG101 are common regulators of plant immunity against many pathogens. EDS1 interacts with both PAD4 and SAG101 but direct interaction between PAD4 and SAG101 has not been detected, leading to the suggestion that the EDS1-PAD4 and EDS1-SAG101 complexes are distinct. We show that EDS1, PAD4, and SAG101 are present in a single complex in planta. While this complex is preferentially nuclear localized, it can be redirected to the cytoplasm in the presence of an extranuclear form of EDS1. PAD4 and SAG101 can in turn, regulate the subcellular localization of EDS1. We also show that the Arabidopsis genome encodes two functionally redundant isoforms of EDS1, either of which can form ternary complexes with PAD4 and SAG101. Simultaneous mutations in both EDS1 isoforms are essential to abrogate resistance (R) protein-mediated defense against turnip crinkle virus (TCV) as well as avrRps4 expressing Pseudomonas syringae. Interestingly, unlike its function as a PAD4 substitute in bacterial resistance, SAG101 is required for R-mediated resistance to TCV, thus implicating a role for the ternary complex in this defense response. However, only EDS1 is required for HRT-mediated HR to TCV, while only PAD4 is required for SA-dependent induction of HRT. Together, these results suggest that EDS1, PAD4 and SAG101 also perform independent functions in HRT-mediated resistance. C1 [Zhu, Shifeng; Jeong, Rae-Dong; Venugopal, Srivathsa C.; Lapchyk, Ludmila; Kachroo, Aardra; Kachroo, Pradeep] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Navarre, Duroy] Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA USA. RP Zhu, SF (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM pk62@uky.edu FU National Science Foundation [0421914, 051909] FX This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (MCB#0421914, IOS#051909). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 45 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 25 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 7 IS 11 AR e1002318 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002318 PG 16 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 852EZ UT WOS:000297337300004 PM 22072959 ER PT J AU Ellis, THN Hofer, JMI Timmerman-Vaughan, GM Coyne, CJ Hellens, RP AF Ellis, T. H. Noel Hofer, Julie M. I. Timmerman-Vaughan, Gail M. Coyne, Clarice J. Hellens, Roger P. TI Mendel, 150 years on SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID PISUM-SATIVUM-L; CHLOROPHYLL BREAKDOWN; GIBBERELLIN SYNTHESIS; INTERNODE LENGTH; FRUIT-DEVELOPMENT; CYTOGENETIC MAPS; LEAF SENESCENCE; GENE ENCODES; PEA ENCODES; CELL-DEATH AB Mendel's paper 'Versuche uber Pflanzen-Hybriden' is the best known in a series of studies published in the late 18th and 19th centuries that built our understanding of the mechanism of inheritance. Mendel investigated the segregation of seven gene characters of pea (Pisum sativum), of which four have been identified. Here, we review what is known about the molecular nature of these genes, which encode enzymes (R and Le), a biochemical regulator (I) and a transcription factor (A). The mutations are: a transposon insertion (r), an amino acid insertion (i), a splice variant (a) and a missense mutation (le-1). The nature of the three remaining uncharacterized characters (green versus yellow pods, inflated versus constricted pods, and axial versus terminal flowers) is discussed. C1 [Hellens, Roger P.] New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand. [Ellis, T. H. Noel; Hofer, Julie M. I.] Aberystwyth Univ, Inst Biol Environm & Rural Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, Ceredigion, Wales. [Timmerman-Vaughan, Gail M.] New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Coyne, Clarice J.] Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hellens, RP (reprint author), New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand. EM roger.hellens@plantandfood.co.nz RI Timmerman-Vaughan, Gail/J-7574-2013; OI Hofer, Julie/0000-0002-0158-7574; Hellens, Roger/0000-0003-2094-0887; Timmerman-Vaughan, Gail/0000-0001-5538-6383 NR 65 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1360-1385 J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI JI Trends Plant Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 16 IS 11 BP 590 EP 596 DI 10.1016/j.tplants.2011.06.006 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 853RM UT WOS:000297443400003 PM 21775188 ER PT J AU Seyfried, M Chandler, D Marks, D AF Seyfried, Mark Chandler, David Marks, Danny TI Long-Term Soil Water Trends across a 1000-m Elevation Gradient SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE; DATABASE; IDAHO; CO2; PRECIPITATION; ECOSYSTEMS; INCREASE; DROUGHT; FLUX AB There is a general consensus among climate models that the direct influence of increasing temperature on evaporative demand will result in drier soils, reduced water supply, and more frequent drought conditions. The data available to evaluate long-term soil water trends that may result from climate change are sparse. We examine soil water data collected over a 32-yr period at four sites covering a 1000-m elevation gradient in a semiarid watershed. Meteorological data from these sites have previously confirmed a significant, increasing temperature trend with no significant precipitation trend during the period of record. There are, however, well-documented climatic trends with elevation that may influence vegetative response to a warming climate. We evaluated the soil water data to: (i) determine any significant temporal trends and (ii) compare soil water among sites to evaluate spatial trends. No significant temporal trends were observed at any of the sites. There were, however, strong spatial trends with elevation and season. Two linked explanations for the lack of temporal trends emerge from the data. First, these semiarid systems are relatively insensitive to the effects of temperature increase because transpiration is limited by low leaf area, soil water content, and solar radiation for all but 4 to 5 wk per year. Second, the large degree of interannual variability of soil water during those critical weeks tends to obscure any subtle temporal trends in soil water dynamics that may be present. C1 [Seyfried, Mark; Marks, Danny] USDA ARS, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Chandler, David] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Seyfried, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, 800 Pk Blvd, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM mark.seyfried@ars.usda.gov RI Chandler, David/E-4543-2013 OI Chandler, David/0000-0002-8662-2892 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1276 EP 1286 DI 10.2136/vzj2011.0014 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 852SE UT WOS:000297377000013 ER PT J AU Lombard, JE AF Lombard, Jason E. TI Epidemiology and Economics of Paratuberculosis SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Johne's; Paratuberculosis; Epidemiology; Prevalence; Economics ID AVIUM SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-PARATUBERCULOSIS; JOHNES-DISEASE; MILK-PRODUCTION; INFECTED COWS; DAIRY HERDS; SUBCLINICAL PARATUBERCULOSIS; PARA-TUBERCULOSIS; WASTE MILK; CATTLE AB Johne's disease is the clinical manifestation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection and has become widespread since it was first observed in the United States in the early 1900s. MAP is primarily spread through the fecal-oral route, and herds generally become infected by unknowingly purchasing infected animals. The economic losses from the disease are primarily due to decreased milk production, decreased weaning weights in nursing young stock, increased replacement costs, and decreased slaughter value. C1 NAHMS, USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv,Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Lombard, JE (reprint author), NAHMS, USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv,Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B-2E7, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Jason.E.Lombard@aphis.usda.gov NR 62 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 26 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-0720 J9 VET CLIN N AM-FOOD A JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Food Anim. Pract. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 27 IS 3 BP 525 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cvfa.2011.07.012 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 853NL UT WOS:000297432900002 PM 22023831 ER PT J AU Robbe-Austerman, S AF Robbe-Austerman, Suelee TI Control of Paratuberculosis in Small Ruminants SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Paratuberculosis; Johne's disease; Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis; Sheep; Goats; Small ruminants ID AVIUM SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; OVINE-JOHNES-DISEASE; ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; FECAL CULTURE; LONG-TERM; MYCOBACTERIUM-PARATUBERCULOSIS; ABATTOIR SURVEILLANCE; CLINICAL-DISEASE; BOVINE COLOSTRUM; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G AB The clinical presentation of paratuberculosis in small ruminants is unthriftiness (poor body condition); severe diarrhea is not a common clinical sign. In the USA, goats are primarily infected with bovine strains of paratuberculosis and sheep are primarily infected with ovine strains. Because ovine strains cannot be easily cultured, confirmation of a diagnosis is best done by polymerase chain reaction on tissue or fecal samples. Control programs must be tailored to the business objectives of the herd/flock owner and primarily involved changes in herd management, with diagnostic testing used strategically. C1 Vet Serv, Mycobacteria Brucella Sect, Diagnost Bacteriol Lab, Natl Vet Serv Labs,USDA,Anim Plant Hlth Inspect S, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Robbe-Austerman, S (reprint author), Vet Serv, Mycobacteria Brucella Sect, Diagnost Bacteriol Lab, Natl Vet Serv Labs,USDA,Anim Plant Hlth Inspect S, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Suelee.Robbe-Austerman@aphis.usda.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 17 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-0720 J9 VET CLIN N AM-FOOD A JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Food Anim. Pract. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 27 IS 3 BP 609 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cvfa.2011.07.007 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 853NL UT WOS:000297432900010 PM 22023839 ER PT J AU Carter, MA AF Carter, Michael A. TI State, Federal, and Industry Efforts at Paratuberculosis Control SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Paratuberculosis; Federal; State; Control; Certification AB Paratuberculosis control in the United States has a long history, but only since 2002 has the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) had a formal control program in place. Modeled after work by the United States Animal Health Association (USAHA), the program continues to be a voluntary effort by states and producers. Education on paratuberculosis continues to be heavily emphasized by states. C1 US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ruminant Hlth Programs, Natl Ctr Anim Hlth Programs, Vet Serv,USDA, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Carter, MA (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ruminant Hlth Programs, Natl Ctr Anim Hlth Programs, Vet Serv,USDA, 4700 River Rd,Unit 43, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. EM michael.a.carter@aphia.usda.gov NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-0720 J9 VET CLIN N AM-FOOD A JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Food Anim. Pract. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 27 IS 3 BP 637 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cvfa.2011.07.010 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 853NL UT WOS:000297432900013 PM 22023842 ER PT J AU Lonsdale, O Scheffer, SJ AF Lonsdale, Owen Scheffer, Sonja J. TI Revision of Nearctic Holly Leafminers in the Genus Phytomyza (Diptera: Agromyzidae), Including Descriptions of Four New Species SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE holly leafminers; Agromyzidae; Phytomyza; revision; Nearctic ID GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE STRUCTURE; ILICICOLA LOEW DIPTERA; LEAF-MINER; SPECIALIST LEAFMINER; HYMENOPTERA; EULOPHIDAE; MORTALITY; PARASITES; DENSITY; QUALITY AB The Phytomyza ilicis species group is the only taxon in the phytophagous family Agromyzidae (Diptera: Schizophora) known to feed on hollies (Aquifoliaceae: Ilex L.) in North America, mining within the living leaves as larvae. The clade is represented here by 11 species native to eastern North America, although P. vomitoriae has been introduced into California. The sole European holly leafminer, Phytomyza ilicis Curtis, is also present in western North America following introduction. The North American fauna is revised, following a molecular treatment of the group by Scheffer and Wiegmann (Mol. Phylog. Evol. 17: 244-255; 2000), who discovered several previously undescribed species. These new species, Phytomyza ambigua spec. nov., Phytomyza leslieae spec. nov., Phytomyza lineata spec. nov., and Phytomyza wiggii spec. nov., are formally named, and all adults and puparia of North American species are described, illustrated, and included in an updated identification key. A lectotype is designated for P. ilicis. C1 [Scheffer, Sonja J.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lonsdale, Owen] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. RP Scheffer, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM owen.lonsdale@agr.gc.ca; sonja_scheffer@ars.usda.gov FU Schlinger Postdoctoral grant; Holly Society of America FX This project would not have been possible with out the assistance of the following parks, national forests, and private organizations in locating natural populations of various holly species and permission to collect the leafminers. Alabama: Conecuh National Forest; Florida: Apalachicola National Forest, Archbold Biological Station, Big Cypress National Preserve, Lake Wales Ridge State Forest, Ocala National Forest, Osceola National Forest; Louisiana: Kisatchie National Forest; Mississippi: all national forests; North Carolina: Carolina Beach State Park, Croatan National Forest, The Nature Conservancy; South Carolina: Francis Marion National Forest; and Texas: Angelina National Forest. Special thanks go to Tom Flautt (private citizen), Leslie Iskendarian (private citizen), Eric Menges (Archbold Biological Station), Kevin Omland (University of Maryland Baltimore County), and Joel Trexlor (Florida International University) for facilitating various aspects of the collecting trips. We thank Wayne Mathis (USNM) for the use of his drawing facilities. We thank K. Walker (MVAM) and A. Pont (Hope Museum, Oxford, United Kingdom) for help in locating the types of P. ilicis; the photographs of the P. ilicis type series were provided by K. Walker. Comments on the manuscript were provided by B. J. Sinclair (CNC) and A. Norrbom (USNM) before submission. We thank reviewers I. Winkler and S. Boucher for thorough analysis. Museum work for study was supported by a Schlinger Postdoctoral grant awarded to O.L. We thank the Holly Society of America for funding a research grant to S. J. S. for the fieldwork and collecting portion of this project. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 20 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 104 IS 6 BP 1183 EP 1206 DI 10.1603/AN11008 PG 24 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 849ZJ UT WOS:000297163900011 ER PT J AU Roe, AD Miller, DR Weller, SJ AF Roe, Amanda D. Miller, Daniel R. Weller, Susan J. TI Complexity in Dioryctria zimmermani Species Group: Incongruence Between Species Limits and Molecular Diversity SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE mitochondrial DNA; integrated taxonomy; Dioryctria; coneworm; species delimitation ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; LEPIDOPTERA-PYRALIDAE; INTEGRATIVE TAXONOMY; PHEROMONE IDENTIFICATION; AMATELLA LEPIDOPTERA; LOBLOLLY-PINE; UNITED-STATES; SEED ORCHARD; POPULATION; GENE AB Dioryctria (Zeller 1846) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae) moths, commonly known as coneworms, are a group of important coniferous pests. Interspecific overlap of molecular, morphological, and behavioral traits has made identification and delimitation of these species problematic, impeding their management and control. In particular, delimitation of members of the Dioryctria zimmermani species group, a diverse group of Nearctic species, is notoriously difficult. To clarify the species boundaries in this species group we examined two independent molecular markers (cytochrome c oxidase I and II and elongation factor 1 alpha), larval host plant association, geographic distribution, and pheromone attraction in an integrated taxonomic framework. Congruence between these diagnostic traits and established species limits in the zimmermani group was variable. Some species showed well-supported congruence between established taxonomic limits and mitochondrial DNA gene tree topology, whereas other species showed little phylogenetic resolution, little correspondence with diagnostic traits, and incongruence with previously described species limits. Gene tree-species tree discordance may be caused by several evolutionary processes, such as imperfect taxonomy, incomplete lineage sorting, or introgression. Additional information, such as highly variable molecular markers, morphometrics, and larval host information, is needed to effectively evaluate and differentiate among these alternative hypotheses and fully resolve the species limits among D. zimmermani species group members. C1 [Miller, Daniel R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Roe, AD (reprint author), 112 Denwood Dr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6T3, Canada. EM amandaroe5@gmail.com RI Roe, Amanda/A-3902-2013 FU National Science Foundation [ATOL 0531769, ATOL 0531639]; AES Experiment Station [Min-17-022]; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX We acknowledge A. Cognato, G. Grant, C. Rudolf, B. Scholtens, and S. Shank for providing specimens for this study. Without the assistance of these collectors, it would be impossible to have performed this study. We also thank the members of the Weller and Sperling laboratories for assistance with the collection of the molecular data, as well as help during the numerous field trips needed to collect specimens. We thank the anonymous reviewer who provided comments that helped clarify this manuscript. Financial support was provided by the National Science Foundation's Assembling the Tree of Life program (ATOL 0531769 to C. Mitter) and ATOL 0531639 to S.J.W.), AES Experiment Station Project (Min-17-022 to S.J.W.), and National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Postgraduate fellowships to A.D.R. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 104 IS 6 BP 1207 EP 1220 DI 10.1603/AN11051 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 849ZJ UT WOS:000297163900012 ER PT J AU Horton, DR Lewis, TM AF Horton, David R. Lewis, Tamera M. TI Variation in Male and Female Genitalia Among Ten Species of North American Anthocoris (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE paragenital system; true bugs; sexual selection; internal reproductive anatomy ID LOCK-AND-KEY; GENUS ORIUS; WASHINGTON; EVOLUTION; DIPTERA; SPERM; COADAPTATION; COEVOLUTION; CHARACTERS; MORPHOLOGY AB We compared morphology of internal reproductive anatomy and genitalia among 10 species of North American Anthocoris (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae). Reproductive structures of males, including internal reproductive organs (testes, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory bulb, phallus), the paramere, and the endosoma, were found to vary in size, shape, and appearance among the 10 species, although with similarities among species within some groupings. All species except Anthocoris bakeri Poppius have two testicular follicles per testis; A. bakeri has five to seven follicles per testis. In seven of the 10 species, a longitudinal groove was found to be present on the paramere; we believe this groove functions to guide the male's intromittent organ as it enters the female during copulation. Variation among species in morphology of the male's inflated endosoma included differences in length, presence or absence of looping, and in presence of spinulate, dentate, or tuberculate projections. The summary presented here is the first description of the endosoma for any species of Anthocoris. We observed substantial variation among species in length of the female's copulatory tube (i.e., the organ which receives the male's intromittent organ), although again with some similarities among certain groupings of species. Variation in length of the female's copulatory tube parallels variation in length of the male's endosoma, which suggests that morphology of genitalia within this genus has coevolved between sexes. C1 [Horton, David R.; Lewis, Tamera M.] USDA ARS, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Horton, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM david.horton@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 104 IS 6 BP 1260 EP 1278 DI 10.1603/AN11087 PG 19 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 849ZJ UT WOS:000297163900015 ER PT J AU Pogue, MG AF Pogue, Michael G. TI Larval Description of Copitarsia incommoda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Bolivia; Altiplano; invasive species; pest; quinoa AB The last instar of Copitarsia incommoda (Walker) is described for the first time. Specimens in this study were reared from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd., Chenopodiaceae), Bolivia, La Paz, 4 km S Viacha, Quipaquipani, 3,880 m. The larva of Copitarsia incommoda is compared with larvae of Copitarsia decolora (Guenee) and Copitarsia corruda Pogue and Simmons. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst,NMNH, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Pogue, MG (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst,NMNH, POB 37012,MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM michael.pogue@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 104 IS 6 BP 1292 EP 1296 DI 10.1603/AN10099 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 849ZJ UT WOS:000297163900018 ER PT J AU Fielding, DJ Conn, JS AF Fielding, Dennis J. Conn, Jeffery S. TI Feeding Preference for and Impact on an Invasive Weed (Crepis tectorum) by a Native, Generalist Insect Herbivore, Melanoplus borealis (Orthoptera: Acrididae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE grasshopper; invasive plant; AK ID GRASSHOPPERS ORTHOPTERA; PERFORMANCE AB Crepis tectorum L., narrow leaf hawksbeard, first was collected in Alaska in 1974 and by 2004 was a common weed in agricultural fields. Introduction and establishment of a new plant species in a region represents a potential new resource for herbivores, as well as a new competitor for plant species already present. Objectives of this study were to determine the preference for C. tectorum, relative to other common plant species, by Melanoplus borealis (Fieber), a generalist herbivore grasshopper common in Alaska, and to determine the potential impact of grasshoppers on this weed. In choice tests, M. borealis preferred C. tectorum over two native forbs, and a grass species, but dandelion, Taraxacum officinale G. H. Weber ex Wiggers, was preferred over C. tectorum. In field cages, in each of 3 yr, grasshoppers reduced biomass of mature plants, flowers, and seedlings of C. tectorum, but not other forbs. We conclude that this weed is a readily accepted new food resource for generalist-feeding grasshoppers, and although grasshoppers could potentially limit seed production of C. tectorum, generally grasshopper densities are not high enough to have significant impact on the weed populations. C1 [Fielding, Dennis J.; Conn, Jeffery S.] USDA ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Fielding, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, POB 757200, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM dennis.fielding@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 15 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 104 IS 6 BP 1303 EP 1308 DI 10.1603/AN10151 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 849ZJ UT WOS:000297163900020 ER PT J AU Zhang, YZ Hanula, JL Horn, S Braman, SK Sun, JH AF Zhang, Yanzhuo Hanula, James L. Horn, Scott Braman, S. Kristine Sun, Jianghua TI Biology of Leptoypha hospita (Hemiptera: Tingidae), a Potential Biological Control Agent of Chinese Privet SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE lace bug; tingid; biocontrol; invasive plant; Ligustrum sinense ID LIGUSTRUM-SINENSE; HOST-SPECIFICITY; SOUTH-AFRICA; OLEACEAE AB The biology of Leptoypha hospita Drake et Poor (Hemiptera: Tingidae), a potential biological control agent from China for Chinese privet, Ligustrum sinense Lour., was studied in quarantine in the United States. Both nymphs and adults feed on Chinese privet mesophyll cells that lead to a bleached appearance of leaves and dieback of branch tips. L. hospita has five nymphal instars with the mean duration of the life cycle from egg to new adult being 25 d. Females laid an average of 240 eggs per female and continued laying until death. Adults lived approximate to 75 d on average. Because it feeds on Chinese privet, has multiple generations per year and a high reproductive rate, L. hospita may be a good biological control agent for this invasive plant. C1 [Zhang, Yanzhuo] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hanula, James L.; Horn, Scott] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Braman, S. Kristine] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Sun, Jianghua] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Inst Zool, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, YZ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM yzzhang80@gmail.com FU USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team; Southern Research Station's Insects, Diseases, and Invasive Plants research unit FX We are grateful to Mike Cody for assistance in the quarantine laboratory and Yunqiu Yang and Longwa Zhang (Anhui Agriculture University) for helping collect lace bugs in China. We also thank Richard Reardon (USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team) and the Southern Research Station's Insects, Diseases, and Invasive Plants research unit for funding the research. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 104 IS 6 BP 1327 EP 1333 DI 10.1603/AN11042 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 849ZJ UT WOS:000297163900023 ER PT J AU Thomas, DB Hallman, GJ AF Thomas, Donald B. Hallman, Guy J. TI Developmental Arrest in Mexican Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Irradiated in Grapefruit SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE irradiation; Anastrepha ludens; phytosanitation; apoptosis ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; IONIZING-RADIATION; ADULT EMERGENCE; X-IRRADIATION; FLIES DIPTERA; MUSCLES; METAMORPHOSIS; MECHANISM; MUSCIDAE; PUPARIUM AB When holometabolous insect larvae are exposed to a radiation treatment, morbidity or mortality are typically manifested during a major developmental transition, usually a transition involving ecdysis. Thus, early instars fail to develop into later instars or the later instars fail to pupate or pupariate. Over a range of sublethal doses of gamma radiation (increments of 0, 15, 20, 25, and 30 Gy) applied to third-instar Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae), infesting or implanted in grapefruits, Citrus paradisi Macfayden, survival decreased with increasing dose. At all radiation doses, the majority of treated larvae arrested development at pupal ecdysis, the transformation from a cryptocephalic to a phanerocephalic pupa. More than 96% of treated larvae died at, or before, reaching this transition at the highest dose tested (30 Gy). Contrary to expectations, the radiation treatment did not cause atrophy of the imaginal tissues, a result that we attribute to apoptosis. C1 [Thomas, Donald B.; Hallman, Guy J.] USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Thomas, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2431 E Bus Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM donald.thomas@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 104 IS 6 BP 1367 EP 1372 DI 10.1603/AN11035 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 849ZJ UT WOS:000297163900028 ER PT J AU de Leon, JH Setamou, M Gastaminza, GA Buenahora, J Caceres, S Yamamoto, PT Bouvet, JP Logarzo, GA AF de Leon, Jesse H. Setamou, Mamoudou Gastaminza, Gerardo A. Buenahora, Jose Caceres, Sara Yamamoto, Pedro T. Bouvet, Juan P. Logarzo, Guillermo A. TI Two Separate Introductions of Asian Citrus Psyllid Populations Found in the American Continents SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene; phylogeography; haplotypes; geographic structure; biological control ID HOMALODISCA-COAGULATA HOMOPTERA; GREENING DISEASE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; DIAPHORINA-CITRI; HYMENOPTERA; CICADELLIDAE; EVOLUTIONARY; SEQUENCES; MYMARIDAE; SUBSTITUTIONS AB A phylogeographic analysis inferred from the partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (433 bp) was performed with 22 populations of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama collected in the Americas and one in the Pacific. Eight populations from four countries in South America, 14 from four countries in North America, and one from Hawaii were analyzed. Twenty-three haplotypes (hp) were identified and they fell into two groups: hp1-8 were identified in South America (group 1) and whp9-23 were identified in North America and Hawaii (group 2). Hp1 and nine were present in the highest frequencies within each population and within their group, 81 and 85% for group 1 and group 2, respectively. A diagnostic nucleotide at position 48 was identified that allowed for the discrimination of the two groups; in addition, no haplotypes were shared between the two groups. An analysis of molecular variance uncovered significant genetic structure (Phi(CT) = 0.733; P < 0.001) between the two groups of the Americas. Two haplotype networks (ParsimonySplits and Statistical Parsimony) discriminated the two groups and both networks identified hp1 and nine as the predicted ancestral or founding haplotypes within their respective group. The data suggest that two separate introductions or founding events of D. citri occurred in the Americas, one in South America and one in North America. Furthermore, North America and Hawaii appear to share a similar source of invasion. These data may be important to the development of biological control programs against D. citri in the Americas. C1 [de Leon, Jesse H.] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Setamou, Mamoudou] Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Citrus Ctr, Weslaco, TX USA. [Gastaminza, Gerardo A.] EEAOC, Secc Zool Agr, La Talitas, Tucuman, Argentina. [Buenahora, Jose] INIA, Salto, Uruguay. [Caceres, Sara] INTA, Bella Vista, Corrientes, Argentina. [Yamamoto, Pedro T.] Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Super Agr Luiz de Queiroz, BR-09500900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Bouvet, Juan P.] INTA, Concordia, Entre Rios, Argentina. [Logarzo, Guillermo A.] USDA ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP de Leon, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM jesus.deleon@ars.usda.gov RI Yamamoto, Pedro/C-5069-2012 OI Yamamoto, Pedro/0000-0001-8993-371X FU USDA; ARS; USDA-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2008-51180-04901]; Texas Citrus Producers' Board; Estacion Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC), Las Talitas, Tucuman, Argentina; Instituto Nacional de Tecnologoa Agropecuaria (INTA) in Bella Vista, Corrientes and Concordia, Entre Rios, Argentina FX This study would not have possible without the cooperation of all the authors of this work from the various countries. We thank all the authors for their willing participation and all the people that assisted in collecting D. citri specimens from the various countries. We thank Marissa Gonzalez for her expert technical assistance with the molecular work. We thank Cynthia LeVesque of the Citrus Research Board for collections of D. citri specimens in California, and Grant T. McQuate from USDA, ARS Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center for collections of D. citri in Hilo, HI. We also thank Richard L. Roehrdanz from ARS-Fargo, ND, and Thomas Unruh of ARS-Wapato, WA for reading and improving a previous version of this manuscript. We also thank the anonymous reviewers and the editor for improving the manuscript. The current research was funded by the USDA, ARS and partially by the following: 1) a USDA-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service grant (2008-51180-04901); 2) the Texas Citrus Producers' Board; 3) Estacion Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC), Las Talitas, Tucuman, Argentina; and 4) Instituto Nacional de Tecnologoa Agropecuaria (INTA) in Bella Vista, Corrientes and Concordia, Entre Rios, Argentina. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 104 IS 6 BP 1392 EP 1398 DI 10.1603/AN11086 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 849ZJ UT WOS:000297163900031 ER PT J AU Easson, MW Condon, B Dien, BS Iten, L Slopek, R Yoshioka-Tarver, M Lambert, A Smith, J AF Easson, Michael W. Condon, Brian Dien, Bruce S. Iten, Loren Slopek, Ryan Yoshioka-Tarver, Megumi Lambert, Allan Smith, Jade TI The Application of Ultrasound in the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Switchgrass SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Enzyme; Ultrasound; Switchgrass; Synergism; Pretreatment; Biofuels ID PRETREATMENT; SACCHARIFICATION; INTENSITY; CHEMISTRY; BIOMASS AB In a series of experiments, untreated and ammonium hydroxide pretreated Klenow lowland variety switchgrasses are converted to reducing sugars using low-frequency (20 kHz) ultrasound and commercially available cellulase enzyme. Results from experiments using untreated and pretreated switchgrasses with and without ultrasound are presented and discussed. In untreated switchgrass experiments, the combination of ultrasound and enzymes resulted in an increase of 7.5% in reducing sugars compared to experiments using just enzymes. In experiments using ammonium hydroxide pretreated switchgrass, the combination of ultrasound and enzymes resulted in an increase of 9.3% in reducing sugars compared to experiments using just enzymes. Experimental evidence indicates that there is a synergistic effect from the combination of ultrasound and enzymes which lowers the diffusion-limiting barrier to enzyme/substrate binding and results in an increase in reaction rate. Scanning electron microscopic images provide evidence that ultrasound-induced pitting increases substrate surface area and affects reaction rate and yield. C1 [Easson, Michael W.; Condon, Brian; Slopek, Ryan; Yoshioka-Tarver, Megumi; Lambert, Allan; Smith, Jade] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Dien, Bruce S.; Iten, Loren] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Easson, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Michael.Easson@ars.usda.gov OI Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 165 IS 5-6 BP 1322 EP 1331 DI 10.1007/s12010-011-9349-1 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 850TM UT WOS:000297222400021 PM 21912842 ER PT J AU Welker, TL Lim, C Yildirim-Aksoy, M Klesius, PH AF Welker, Thomas L. Lim, Chhorn Yildirim-Aksoy, Mediha Klesius, Phillip H. TI Effects of dietary supplementation of a purified nucleotide mixture on immune function and disease and stress resistance in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cortisol; Edwardsiella ictaluri; enteric septicaemia; immunity ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; JUVENILE RED DRUM; EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI; SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; ENTERIC SEPTICEMIA; YEAST RNA; FISH; LYSOZYME; GROWTH AB Juvenile channel catfish (14.4 g average initial weight) were fed diets supplemented with a purified nucleotide mixture for 8 weeks. The mixture consisted of five nucleotides supplied on an equal basis as disodium salts at combined concentrations of 0 (control), 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.9% or 2.7% of diet. Addition of nucleotides to diet produced a dose-dependent reduction in survival of channel catfish to Edwardsiella ictaluri. Although the reasons are unclear, the high levels of nucleotides supplemented in this study may have contributed to the decrease in disease resistance, and this decrease appeared to be unrelated to the innate immune (unaffected) and specific antibody (enhanced) responses. Stress resistance increased with a corresponding amelioration of the immunosuppressive effects of the stress response on non-specific immunity (lysozyme and bactericidal activity) as nucleotides increased in diet. Use of exogenous nucleotides as a prophylactic treatment before culture-related stress exposure may prove beneficial by decreasing the immunosuppressive effects of stress but not in prevention of ESC. C1 [Welker, Thomas L.; Lim, Chhorn; Yildirim-Aksoy, Mediha; Klesius, Phillip H.] ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL USA. RP Welker, TL (reprint author), ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID USA. EM thomas.welker@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1878 EP 1889 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02794.x PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 847ZA UT WOS:000297013700016 ER PT J AU Nanayakkara, NPD Schrader, KK AF Nanayakkara, N. P. Dhammika Schrader, Kevin K. TI Evaluation of free radical-generating compounds for toxicity towards the cyanobacterium Planktothrix perornata, which causes musty off-flavour in pond-raised channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE algaecide; catfish; cyanobacterial; 2-methylisoborneol; off-flavour; reactive oxygen intermediates ID OSCILLATORIA CF. CHALYBEA; SELECTIVE TOXICITY; GROWTH C1 [Schrader, Kevin K.] Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Mississippi, MS 38677 USA. [Nanayakkara, N. P. Dhammika] Univ Mississippi, Thad Cochran Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Mississippi, MS 38677 USA. RP Schrader, KK (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Mississippi, MS 38677 USA. EM kevin.schrader@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1895 EP 1898 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02778.x PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 847ZA UT WOS:000297013700018 ER PT J AU Zhang, XY Kondragunta, S Quayle, B AF Zhang, Xiaoyang Kondragunta, Shobha Quayle, Brad TI Estimation of Biomass Burned Areas Using Multiple-Satellite-Observed Active Fires SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Active fires; burned areas; fire duration; fire size; multiple satellites; validation ID BOREAL FOREST; BURNING EMISSIONS; SOUTHERN AFRICA; RESOLUTION DATA; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; TIME-SERIES; AIR-QUALITY; MODIS DATA; VALIDATION AB Biomass burning releases a significant amount of trace gases and aerosols into the atmosphere and affects climate change, carbon cycle, and air quality. Accurate estimates of emissions depend strongly on the calculations of burned areas. Here, we present an algorithm that is used to derive burned areas by blending active fire observations from multiple satellites which are provided in the Hazard Mapping System (HMS). The HMS consolidates automated fire detections from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Imager, Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), and MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Our goals are to derive burned areas in each GOES fire pixel across contiguous United States (CONUS) from 2004 to 2007 and to validate the estimates using Landsat Thematic Mapper/Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (TM/ETM+) burn scars and National Fire Inventory data. The results show that annual fire events burn 0.4% (3.4 x 10(4) km(2)) of total land across CONUS, which consists of 0.49% of total forests, 0.64% of savannas, 0.68% of shrublands, 0.40% of grasslands, and 0.30% of croplands. The large burned areas are dominantly distributed in the western CONUS, followed by the states in the southeast region and along the Mississippi Valley. Extensive validation shows that MODIS+AVHRR+GOES instruments greatly improve the determination of fire duration and fire detection rate compared to single instrument detections. The detection rate of small fire events (< 10 km(2)) from multiple instruments is 24% and 36% higher than that from MODIS and GOES, respectively. The error in the burned-area estimate is less than 30% in individual ecosystems, and it decreases exponentially with the increase of burn scar size. Overall, the accuracy of total burned area across CONUS is 98.9% when compared to TM/ETM+-based burn scars and 83% when compared to national inventory data. C1 [Zhang, Xiaoyang] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Zhang, Xiaoyang; Kondragunta, Shobha] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Quayle, Brad] US Dept Agr Forest Serv, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. RP Zhang, XY (reprint author), Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. EM Xiaoyang.Zhang@noaa.gov; Shobha.Kondragunta@noaa.gov; bquayle@fs.fed.us RI Zhang, Xiaoyang/E-3208-2010; Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010 OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046 NR 53 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 25 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2011 VL 49 IS 11 BP 4469 EP 4482 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2149535 PN 2 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 851ON UT WOS:000297280500007 ER PT J AU Sanchez, JM French, AN Mira, M Hunsaker, DJ Thorp, KR Valor, E Caselles, V AF Sanchez, Juan M. French, Andrew N. Mira, Maria Hunsaker, Douglas J. Thorp, Kelly R. Valor, Enric Caselles, Vicente TI Thermal Infrared Emissivity Dependence on Soil Moisture in Field Conditions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; soil cracks; soil moisture (SM); temperature-emissivity separation (TES) method; thermal emissivity ID LAND-SURFACE EMISSIVITY; SEPARATION ALGORITHM; TEMPERATURE; RADIOMETER; SPECTRA; BAND AB An accurate estimate of land surface temperature, which is a key parameter in surface energy balance models, requires knowledge of surface emissivity. Emissivity dependence on soil water content has been already reported and modeled under controlled conditions at the laboratory. This paper completes and extends that previous work by providing emissivity measurements under field conditions without elimination of impurities, local heterogeneities, or soil cracks appearing in the drying process. The multispectral radiometer CE312-2, with five narrow bands and a broad band in the 8-13-mu m range, was used, and surface emissivity values were determined through a temperature-emissivity separation algorithm. A bare soil plot of 10 x 17 m(2) was selected for this study in the framework of a camelina 2010 experiment. This experiment was carried out during March and April 2010 at The University of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural Center in central Arizona, USA. The soil plot was flood irrigated every two to three days and left to dry. Field emissivity measurements were collected under cloud-free skies, around noon, for different values of soil water content. Soil samples were collected to estimate the soil moisture (SM) using the gravimetric method. An overall increase of emissivity with SM was obtained in all channels. However, when wetted soils subsequently dried, the final minimum emissivity was greater than the initial minimum emissivity. This hysteresis could be due to cavity effects produced by soil cracks not originally present. Thus, the deterioration of soil surface tends to reduce the emissivity spectral contrast. Soil-specific and general relationships obtained by Mira et al. were tested and compared with the field measurements. Field emissivities agree within 2% with the modeled values for all bands under noncracked surface conditions, whereas differences reach 5% in the 8-9-mu m range when cracks are present. C1 [Sanchez, Juan M.] Univ Castilla La Mancha, Dept Appl Phys, Sch Ind Engn Albacete EIIAB, Albacete 02071, Spain. [French, Andrew N.; Hunsaker, Douglas J.; Thorp, Kelly R.] ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Mira, Maria; Valor, Enric; Caselles, Vicente] Univ Valencia, Dept Earth Phys & Thermodynam, Fac Phys, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. RP Sanchez, JM (reprint author), Univ Castilla La Mancha, Dept Appl Phys, Sch Ind Engn Albacete EIIAB, Albacete 02071, Spain. EM juanmanuel.sanchez@uclm.es RI Valor, Enric/G-5128-2014; Thorp, Kelly/C-2013-2009; Sanchez, Juan Manuel/F-5807-2016; OI Valor, Enric/0000-0003-1144-1381; Thorp, Kelly/0000-0001-9168-875X; Sanchez, Juan Manuel/0000-0003-1027-9351; Mira, Maria/0000-0002-9303-8301 FU Science and Innovation Ministry [CGL2007-64666_CLI, CGL2010-17577]; FEDER; Juan de la Cierva; FPU; Generalitat Valenciana [PROMETEO/2009/086] FX Manuscript received December 10, 2010; revised February 25, 2011; accepted April 3, 2011. Date of publication May 27, 2011; date of current version October 28, 2011. This work was supported in part by the Science and Innovation Ministry (Projects CGL2007-64666_CLI and CGL2010-17577, cofinanced by FEDER funds, Juan de la Cierva Research Contract of Dr. Sanchez, and FPU Research Grant of Dra. Mira) and in part by Generalitat Valenciana (Project PROMETEO/2009/086). NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2011 VL 49 IS 11 BP 4652 EP 4659 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2142000 PN 2 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 851ON UT WOS:000297280500023 ER PT J AU Callaway, TR Carroll, JA Arthington, JD Edrington, TS Rossman, ML Carr, MA Krueger, NA Ricke, SC Crandall, P Nisbet, DJ AF Callaway, Todd R. Carroll, Jeffery A. Arthington, John D. Edrington, Tom S. Rossman, Michelle L. Carr, Mandy A. Krueger, Nathan A. Ricke, Steven C. Crandall, Phil Nisbet, David J. TI Escherichia coli O157:H7 Populations in Ruminants Can Be Reduced by Orange Peel Product Feeding SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; CITRUS PULP; IN-VITRO; O157H7; CATTLE; PATHOGENS; ACIDS; INTERVENTIONS; CONTAMINATION AB Foodborne pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 are threats to the safety of beef. Citrus peel and dried orange pulp are by-products from citrus juice production that have natural antimicrobial effects and are often incorporated into least-cost ration formulations for beef and dairy cattle. This study was designed to determine if orange peel and pulp affected E. coli O157:H7 populations in vivo. Sheep (n = 24) were fed a cracked corn grain based diet that was supplemented with a 50-50 mixture of dried orange pellet and fresh orange peel to achieve a final concentration (dry matter basis, wt/wt) of 0, 5, or 10% pelletecl orange peel (OP) for 10 days. Sheep were artificially inoculated with 10(10) CFU of E. coli O157:H7 by oral dosing. Fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 was measured daily for 5 days after inoculation, after which all animals were humanely euthanized. At 96 h postinoculation, E. coli O157:H7 shedding was reduced (P < 0.05) in sheep fed 10% OP. Populations of inoculated E. coli O157:H7 were reduced by OP treatment throughout the gastrointestinal tract; however, this reduction reached significant levels in the rumen (P < 0.05) of sheep fed 10% OP diets. Cecal and rectal populations of E. coli O157:H7 were reduced (P < 0.05) by inclusion of both 5 and 10% OP diets. Our results demonstrate that orange peel products can be used as a preharvest intervention strategy as part of an integrated pathogen reduction scheme. C1 [Callaway, Todd R.; Edrington, Tom S.; Krueger, Nathan A.; Nisbet, David J.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Carroll, Jeffery A.] ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Arthington, John D.] Univ Florida, Range Cattle Res & Educ Ctr, Ona, FL 33865 USA. [Rossman, Michelle L.; Carr, Mandy A.] Natl Cattlemens Beef Assoc, Centennial, CO 80112 USA. [Ricke, Steven C.; Crandall, Phil] Univ Arkansas, Ctr Food Safety, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Ricke, Steven C.; Crandall, Phil] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. RP Callaway, TR (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM todd.callaway@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture FX Portions of this research were supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and by beef and veal producers and importers through their $1-per-head checkoff; this research project was produced for the Cattlemen's Beef Board and state beef councils by the National Cattlemen's Beef Association. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 74 IS 11 BP 1917 EP 1921 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-234 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 844OL UT WOS:000296756800017 PM 22054194 ER PT J AU Pagadala, S Parveen, S Schwarz, JG Rippen, T Luchansky, JB AF Pagadala, Sivaranjani Parveen, Salina Schwarz, Jurgen G. Rippen, Thomas Luchansky, John B. TI Comparison of Automated BAX PCR and Standard Culture Methods for Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in Blue Crabmeat (Callinectus sapidus) and Blue Crab Processing Plants SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ENRICHMENT MEDIA; SAMPLES; GROWTH; SYSTEM; FOODS; SPP.; RAW AB This study compared the automated BAX PCR with the standard culture method (SCM) to detect Listeria monocytogenes in blue crab processing plants. Raw crabs, crabmeat, and environmental sponge samples were collected monthly from se ten processing plants during the plant operating season, May through November 2006. For detection of L. monocytogenes in raw crabs and crabmeat, enrichment was performed in Listeria enrichment broth, whereas for environmental samples, demi-Fraser broth was used, and then plating on both Oxford agar and L. monocytogenes plating medium was done. Enriched samples were also analyzed by BAX PCR. A total of 960 samples were examined; 59 were positive by BAX PCR and 43 by SCM. Overall, there was no significant difference (P <= 0.05) between the methods for detecting the presence of L. monocytogenes in samples collected from crab processing plants. Twenty-two and 18 raw crab samples were positive for L. monocytogenes by SCM and BAX PCR, respectively. Twenty and 32 environmental samples were positive for L. monocytogenes by SCM and BAX PCR, respectively, whereas only one and nine finished products were positive. The sensitivities of BAX PCR for detecting L. monocyto genes in raw crabs, crabmeat, and environmental samples were 59.1, 100, and 60%, respectively. The results of this study indicate that BAX PCR is as sensitive as SCM for detecting L. monocytogenes in crabmeat, but more sensitive than SCM for detecting this bacterium in raw crabs and environmental samples. C1 [Pagadala, Sivaranjani; Parveen, Salina; Schwarz, Jurgen G.; Rippen, Thomas] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Agri Food & Resource Sci, Food Sci & Technol Program, Ctr Food Sci & Technol 2116, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. [Luchansky, John B.] USDA, Agr Res Stn, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Parveen, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Agri Food & Resource Sci, Food Sci & Technol Program, Ctr Food Sci & Technol 2116, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM sparveen@umes.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [2005-38814-16415] FX We extend our gratitude to M. Whittiker, C. White, J. Call, and J. Chelangat for technical assistance; Drs. M. Wiedmann, A. Porto-Fett, and T. Berghloz for helpful suggestions; and Drs. M. Wallace and N. Whitley for reviewing the manuscript. We are grateful to the crab processors for their voluntary participation and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Capacity Building Grants Program, award no. 2005-38814-16415, for funding this project. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 74 IS 11 BP 1930 EP 1933 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-213 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 844OL UT WOS:000296756800019 PM 22054196 ER PT J AU Delgado, JA Khosla, R Mueller, T AF Delgado, Jorge A. Khosla, Raj Mueller, Tom TI Recent advances in precision (target) conservation SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID MANAGEMENT ZONES; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; IRRIGATED MAIZE; NITROGEN LOSSES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOIL; AGRICULTURE; ENVIRONMENT; MITIGATE; INDEX C1 [Delgado, Jorge A.] ARS, USDA, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Mueller, Tom] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. [Khosla, Raj] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 15 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 66 IS 6 BP 167A EP 170A DI 10.2489/jswc.66.6.167A PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 850WO UT WOS:000297230500001 ER PT J AU Williams, JD Long, DS Wuest, SB AF Williams, J. D. Long, D. S. Wuest, S. B. TI Capture of plateau runoff by global positioning system-guided seed drill operation SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation tillage; contour farming; digital terrain model; runoff; soil erosion ID INLAND PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; EROSION CONTROL; WINTER-WHEAT; SOIL-EROSION; TILLAGE; OREGON; YIELD AB Contour seeding has long been recommended as a means of detaining water on hillslopes, increasing infiltration, and reducing runoff and soil erosion. Highly undulated landscapes with complex slopes, such as those found in the inland Pacific Northwest, have stymied application of this practice. This study investigated the potential usefulness of using digital elevation models (DEMs) and global positioning system based guidance systems to efficiently and effectively conduct terrain contouring seeding on a small portion of a field to intercept concentrated runoff. The objectives were to (1) assess the potential for contour planting to capture water that collects on plateaus that otherwise would run off and form severe rills and (2) to determine the resolution and accuracy of terrain representation by DEMs for deriving routing information for planting on elevation contours. A preliminary infiltration and runoff study was conducted in a cultivated field, in a Ritzville silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Calcidic Haploxerolls) with 0% to 20% slopes. Planting was performed with a deep-furrow drill, creating furrows 20 cm (7.9 in) deep. Measurements of the amount of precisely contoured area needed to capture water introduced through furrows perpendicular to the contour furrows show this technique has the potential to increase detention storage, infiltration, and consequently, to influence overland flow and erosion processes. A DEM was developed from data representing global positioning system collection at three different implement widths: 3, 6, and 9 in (9.8, 20, and 29.5 ft). Digital elevation data were collected with a real-time kinematic global positioning system and were processed using four software interpolation methods to develop surface models. The ability of each interpolation method to accurately create contour paths for equipment to follow was compared to points established on the ground with a laser-level. Our results demonstrated that a strip of deep-furrow seeding precisely contoured on the upper shoulder slope should provide sufficient detention storage to capture and hold the runoff from a 100 y, 24 h storm if the contour strip area was approximately 2% of the runoff collection area. Using DEM derived contour lines, precisely tracked by farm equipment and applied to areas above steep slopes, contour planting of small, select areas of a field will improve soil and water conservation in tillage systems. The method can be implemented using commercially available mapping software and autosteering equipment designed for tractors and drills. C1 [Williams, J. D.; Long, D. S.; Wuest, S. B.] ARS, USDA, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR USA. RP Williams, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR USA. FU USDA ARS [216, 212] FX Special thanks to David Robertson a registered geologist and hydrologic technician at the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Columbia Plateau Conservation Research Center, Pendleton, Oregon, for conceptual and geographic information system contributions. Bob Correa, an engineering technician (retired), Tami Johlke, a biological science technician, and Daryl Haasch, an engineering technician (retired), assisted in field operations and data collection at the USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservation Research Center, Pendleton, Oregon. This research would not have been possible without farm ground contribution by Reese Farms, Pendleton, Oregon. This research was made possible by base funding through the USDA ARS national programs Agricultural System Competitiveness and Sustainability (NP#216) and Climate Change, Soils, and Emissions (NP#212). NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 66 IS 6 BP 355 EP 361 DI 10.2489/jswc.66.6.355 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 850WO UT WOS:000297230500005 ER PT J AU Saleh, A Gallego, O Osei, E Lal, H Gross, C McKinney, S Cover, H AF Saleh, A. Gallego, O. Osei, E. Lal, H. Gross, C. McKinney, S. Cover, H. TI Nutrient Tracking Tool-a user-friendly tool for calculating nutrient reductions for water quality trading SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation practices; nitrogen; nutrient management; Nutrient Tracking Tool (NTrT); phosphorus; water quality trading ID NITROGEN LOSSES; ENVIRONMENT; MANAGEMENT; GPFARM; CONSERVATION; COLORADO; IMPACT; INDEX; FARMS; MODEL AB The Nutrient TrackingTool (NTrT) is an enhanced version of the Nitrogen Trading Tool, a user-friendly Web-based computer program originally developed by the USDA. The NTrT estimates nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) and sediment losses from fields managed under a variety of cropping patterns and management practices through its user-friendly, Web-based linkage to the Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender (APEX) model. It also accesses the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service's Web Soil Survey to utilize their geographic information system interface for field and operation identification and load soil information.The NTrT provides farmers, government officials, and other users with a fast and efficient method of estimating nitrogen and phosphorus credits for water quality trading, as well as other water quality, water quantity, and farm production impacts associated with conservation practices. The information obtained from the tool can help farmers determine the most cost-effective conservation practice alternatives for their individual operations and provide them with more advantageous options in a water quality credit trading program. An application of the NTrT to evaluate conservation practices on fields receiving dairy manure in a north central Texas watershed indicates that phosphorus-based application rates, filter strips, forest buffers, and complete manure export off the farm all result in reduced phosphorus losses from the fields on which those practices wore implemented.When compared to a baseline condition that entailed manure application at the nitrogen agronomic rate of receiving crops, the reductions in total phosphorus losses associated with these practices ranged from 15% (2P Rate scenario) to 76% (forest buffer scenario). C1 [Saleh, A.; Gallego, O.; Osei, E.] Tarleton State Univ, Texas Inst Appl Environm Res, Stephenville, TX 76402 USA. [Lal, H.] NRCS, USDA, W Natl Technol Support Ctr, Portland, OR USA. [Gross, C.] NRCS, USDA, W Natl Technol Support Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Saleh, A (reprint author), Tarleton State Univ, Texas Inst Appl Environm Res, Stephenville, TX 76402 USA. FU USDA NRCS; TIAER FX Special thanks are due to the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service and USDA Agricultural Research Service staff for providing essential data, technical assistance, and useful input for various aspects of this effort. Authors are also grateful to Mr. Alex Tanter, a research associate, at the TIAER, Tarleton State University, for his assistance in evaluation of the NTrT program. Funding support for this effort was provided in part through a cooperative agreement between the USDA NRCS and TIAER under the Conservation Innovation Grants program. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 21 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 66 IS 6 BP 400 EP 410 DI 10.2489/jswc.66.6.400 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 850WO UT WOS:000297230500009 ER PT J AU Schwertner, LR Galyean, ML Hulbert, LE Carroll, JA Ballou, MA AF Schwertner, L. R. Galyean, M. L. Hulbert, L. E. Carroll, J. A. Ballou, M. A. TI Effects of dietary source and intake of energy on immune competence and the response to an infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) challenge in cattle SO LIVESTOCK SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Energy; Immune; Receiving cattle; Stress ID HOLSTEIN COWS; BEEF STEERS; RESTRICTION; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; GLUCOSE; HEALTH; CALVES; LEVEL AB Objectives were to evaluate how dietary energy intake and source affect immune competence and response to an infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) challenge in cattle. Forty-eight crossbred beef steers were stratified by body weight within two periods and randomized to 1 of 3 dietary treatments (8 steers/treatment within period). Treatments were: a 70% concentrate diet fed ad libitum (70 AD); a 30% concentrate diet fed ad libitum (30 AD); and 70% concentrate diet restricted to the net energy for gain intake of 30AL (70RES). Ex vivo immune responses were evaluated after treatments were applied for 28 d, after which cattle were moved into individual pens (d 28 to 40) and intranasally challenged with IBRV on d 30. On d 34, all cattle were offered a 50% concentrate diet ad libitum until d 50. Both energy source (P<0.02) and intake level(P<0.04) affected peripheral blood mononuclear cell synthesis of tumor necrosis factor-a, with cell culture supernatant concentrations averaging 2264, 1887, and 1241 pg/mL for 70 AD, 70RES, and 30 AD, respectively. Neither whole blood killing of Man nheimia haemolytica nor neutrophil oxidative burst in response to M. haemolytica was affected by treatments. Serum neutralizing IBRV antibody titers were not different among treatments either before or after the IBRV challenge. Rectal temperature following IBRV peaked 3 d after the IBRV challenge and returned to baseline by d 6, but it was not affected by treatment. No differences were observed in dry matter intake among treatments while the cattle were individually penned and fed a 50% concentrate diet from d 34 to 40. When cattle were group-penned from d 40 to 50 of the study (d 10 to 20 after the IBRV challenge), the 70RES cattle had greater DMI (P<0.04) than cattle in the other two groups. Following the IBRV challenge, serum glucose concentrations did not differ among treatments; however, the 70 AD cattle had greater blood urea N concentrations (P<0.01). There was a treatment x time interaction (P<0.01) for non-esterified fatty acids, such that cattle fed the 70 AD had increased non-esterified fatty acids on d 3 and 5 after the IBRV challenge. Results indicate that cattle fed diets with a greater energy concentration and to an extent a greater percentage of concentrates had a more pronounced pro-inflammatory response, but other aspects of innate immune responses were not influenced by intake or source of energy. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schwertner, L. R.; Galyean, M. L.; Hulbert, L. E.; Ballou, M. A.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Hulbert, L. E.; Carroll, J. A.] ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, USDA, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Ballou, MA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, MS42141, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM michael.ballou@ttu.edu FU Texas Cattle Feeders Association in Amarillo, TX, USA FX The authors thank Clayton and Colton Cobb of Texas Tech University for their assistance with animal husbandry. This research was partially funded by the Texas Cattle Feeders Association in Amarillo, TX, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-1413 J9 LIVEST SCI JI Livest. Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 141 IS 2-3 BP 259 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.livsci.2011.06.016 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 843OG UT WOS:000296681000023 ER PT J AU Shelly, T McInnis, D AF Shelly, Todd McInnis, Don TI Road test for genetically modified mosquitoes SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE; TEPHRITIDAE; DISPERSAL; DIPTERA C1 [Shelly, Todd] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect, USDA, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. RP Shelly, T (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect, USDA, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. EM todd.e.shelly@aphis.usda.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 29 IS 11 BP 984 EP 985 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 845CT UT WOS:000296801300018 PM 22068534 ER PT J AU Abellan, PG Santos, CG Madrid, JA Milagro, FI Campion, J Martinez, JA Lujan, JA Ordovas, JM Garaulet, M AF Gomez Abellan, P. Gomez Santos, C. Madrid, J. A. Milagro, F. I. Campion, J. Martinez, J. A. Lujan, J. A. Ma Ordovas, J. Garaulet, M. TI Site-specific circadian expression of leptin and its receptor in human adipose tissue SO NUTRICION HOSPITALARIA LA English DT Article DE Leptin receptor; Circadian; Rhytmicity; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity ID METABOLIC SYNDROME; GENE-EXPRESSION; HEALTHY-MEN; CLOCK GENES; OBESITY; RHYTHM; ADIPONECTIN; NUTRITION; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS AB Introduction: Circadian variability of circulating leptin levels has been well established over the last decade. However, the circadian behavior of leptin in human adipose tissue remains unknown. This also applies to the soluble leptin receptor. Objective: We investigated the ex vivo circadian behavior of leptin and its receptor expression in human adipose tissue (AT). Subjects and methods: Visceral and subcutaneous abdominal AT biopsies (n = 6) were obtained from morbid obese women (BMI >= 40 kg/m(2)). Anthropometric variables and fasting plasma glucose, leptin, lipids and lipoprotein concentrations were determined. In order to investigate rhythmic expression pattern of leptin and its receptor, AT explants were cultured during 24-h and gene expression was analyzed at the following times: 08:00, 14:00, 20:00, 02:00 h, using quantitative real-time PCR. Results: Leptin expression showed an oscillatory pattern that was consistent with circadian rhythm in cultured AT. Similar patterns were noted for the leptin receptor. Leptin showed its achrophase (maximum expression) during the night, which might be associated to a lower degree of fat accumulation and higher mobilization. When comparing both fat depots, visceral AT anticipated its expression towards afternoon and evening hours. Interestingly, leptin plasma values were associated with decreased amplitude of LEP rhythm. This association was lost when adjusting for waist circumference. Conclusion: Circadian rhythmicity has been demonstrated in leptin and its receptor in human AT cultures in a site-specific manner. This new knowledge paves the way for a better understanding of the autocrine/paracrine role of leptin in human AT. C1 [Gomez Abellan, P.; Gomez Santos, C.; Madrid, J. A.; Garaulet, M.] Univ Murcia, Dept Physiol, Fac Biol, E-30100 Murcia, Spain. [Milagro, F. I.; Campion, J.; Martinez, J. A.] Univ Navarra, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain. [Lujan, J. A.] Univ Hosp Virgen de la Arrixaca, Gen Surg Serv, Murcia, Spain. [Ma Ordovas, J.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ma Ordovas, J.] Ctr Nacl Invest Cardiovasc CNIC, Dept Epidemiol, Madrid, Spain. RP Garaulet, M (reprint author), Univ Murcia, Dept Physiol, Fac Biol, Campus Espinardo S-N, E-30100 Murcia, Spain. EM garaulet@um.es RI Milagro, Fermin/F-2315-2015; OI Milagro, Fermin/0000-0002-3228-9916; Martinez Hernandez, J Alfredo/0000-0001-5218-6941; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NIH [DK075030]; US Department of Agriculture Research Service [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001]; Government of Education, Science and Research of Murcia [BIO/FFA 07/01-0004]; Spanish Government of Science and Innovation [AGL2008-01655/ALI]; Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [BFU2007-60658/BFI]; Seneca Foundation [PI/05700/07]; Institute of Health Carlos III (RET-ICEF) [RD06/0013/0019]; Linea Especial of University of Navarra [LE/97] FX This work was supported in part by NIH grants DK075030 and contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture Research Service and by the Government of Education, Science and Research of Murcia (Project BIO/FFA 07/01-0004) and by The Spanish Government of Science and Innovation (Projects AGL2008-01655/ALI); the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (Projects (BFU2007-60658/BFI), by Seneca Foundation (PI/05700/07), by The Institute of Health Carlos III (RET-ICEF, RD06/0013/0019) and by Linea Especial of University of Navarra (LE/97). NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AULA MEDICA EDICIONES PI MADRID PA C/ISABEL COLBRAND, 10-12 NAVE 78 S PLANTA CIUDAD INDUSTRIAL VENECIA-EDIFICIO ALFA, MADRID, 28050, SPAIN SN 0212-1611 J9 NUTR HOSP JI Nutr. Hosp. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1394 EP 1401 DI 10.3305/nh.2011.26.6.5305 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 848EG UT WOS:000297032400029 PM 22411388 ER PT J AU Lu, SY Zhao, HY Parsons, EP Xu, CC Kosma, DK Xu, XJ Chao, D Lohrey, G Bangarusamy, DK Wang, G Bressan, RA Jenks, MA AF Lu, Shiyou Zhao, Huayan Parsons, Eugene P. Xu, Changcheng Kosma, Dylan K. Xu, Xiaojing Chao, Daiyin Lohrey, Gregory Bangarusamy, Dhinoth K. Wang, Guangchao Bressan, Ray A. Jenks, Matthew A. TI The glossyhead1 Allele of ACC1 Reveals a Principal Role for Multidomain Acetyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase in the Biosynthesis of Cuticular Waxes by Arabidopsis SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID ELONGATION; ATP-CITRATE LYASE; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; COA CARBOXYLASE; A CARBOXYLASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; GURKE GENE; THALIANA; METABOLISM; EPIDERMIS AB A novel mutant of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), having highly glossy inflorescence stems, postgenital fusion in floral organs, and reduced fertility, was isolated from an ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized population and designated glossyhead1 (gsd1). The gsd1 locus was mapped to chromosome 1, and the causal gene was identified as a new allele of Acetyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase1 (ACC1), a gene encoding the main enzyme in cytosolic malonyl-coenzyme A synthesis. This, to our knowledge, is the first mutant allele of ACC1 that does not cause lethality at the seed or early germination stage, allowing for the first time a detailed analysis of ACC1 function in mature tissues. Broad lipid profiling of mature gsd1 organs revealed a primary role for ACC1 in the biosynthesis of the very-long-chain fatty acids (C-20:0 or longer) associated with cuticular waxes and triacylglycerols. Unexpectedly, transcriptome analysis revealed that gsd1 has limited impact on any lipid metabolic networks but instead has a large effect on environmental stress-responsive pathways, especially senescence and ethylene synthesis determinants, indicating a possible role for the cytosolic malonyl-coenzyme A-derived lipids in stress response signaling. C1 [Jenks, Matthew A.] Agr Res Serv, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Lu, Shiyou; Zhao, Huayan; Bangarusamy, Dhinoth K.; Wang, Guangchao; Bressan, Ray A.] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Plant Stress Genom & Technol, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. [Parsons, Eugene P.; Xu, Xiaojing; Chao, Daiyin; Lohrey, Gregory; Bressan, Ray A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Xu, Changcheng] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kosma, Dylan K.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Jenks, MA (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM matt.jenks@ars.usda.gov RI Chao, Daiyin/A-5213-2013 FU Purdue University Electron Microscopy Center FX We are grateful to Dr. Masao Tasaka (Nara Institute of Science and Technology) for providing emb22 and acc1-3 seeds. We also thank Debra Sherman and Chia-Ping Huang of the Purdue University Electron Microscopy Center for support. NR 45 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 157 IS 3 BP 1079 EP 1092 DI 10.1104/pp.111.185132 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 844BL UT WOS:000296722300010 PM 21949210 ER PT J AU Liu, JZ Horstman, HD Braun, E Graham, MA Zhang, CQ Navarre, D Qiu, WL Lee, Y Nettleton, D Hill, JH Whitham, SA AF Liu, Jian-Zhong Horstman, Heidi D. Braun, Edward Graham, Michelle A. Zhang, Chunquan Navarre, Duroy Qiu, Wen-Li Lee, Yeunsook Nettleton, Dan Hill, John H. Whitham, Steven A. TI Soybean Homologs of MPK4 Negatively Regulate Defense Responses and Positively Regulate Growth and Development SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; WRKY TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; PLANT-DISEASE-RESISTANCE; SALICYLIC-ACID; CELL-DEATH; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play important roles in disease resistance in model plant species such as Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). However, the importance of MAPK signaling pathways in the disease resistance of crops is still largely uninvestigated. To better understand the role of MAPK signaling pathways in disease resistance in soybean (Glycine max), 13, nine, and 10 genes encoding distinct MAPKs, MAPKKs, and MAPKKKs, respectively, were silenced using virus-induced gene silencing mediated by Bean pod mottle virus. Among the plants silenced for various MAPKs, MAPKKs, and MAPKKKs, those in which GmMAPK4 homologs (GmMPK4s) were silenced displayed strong phenotypes including stunted stature and spontaneous cell death on the leaves and stems, the characteristic hallmarks of activated defense responses. Microarray analysis showed that genes involved in defense responses, such as those in salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathways, were significantly up-regulated in GmMPK4-silenced plants, whereas genes involved in growth and development, such as those in auxin signaling pathways and in cell cycle and proliferation, were significantly down-regulated. As expected, SA and hydrogen peroxide accumulation was significantly increased in GmMPK4-silenced plants. Accordingly, GmMPK4-silenced plants were more resistant to downy mildew and Soybean mosaic virus compared with vector control plants. Using bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis and in vitro kinase assays, we determined that GmMKK1 and GmMKK2 might function upstream of GmMPK4. Taken together, our results indicate that GmMPK4s negatively regulate SA accumulation and defense response but positively regulate plant growth and development, and their functions are conserved across plant species. C1 [Liu, Jian-Zhong; Horstman, Heidi D.; Braun, Edward; Zhang, Chunquan; Qiu, Wen-Li; Lee, Yeunsook; Hill, John H.; Whitham, Steven A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Graham, Michelle A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Navarre, Duroy] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Graham, Michelle A.] USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Nettleton, Dan] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Whitham, SA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM swhitham@iastate.edu RI Liu, Jianzhong/B-9205-2012; Graham, Michelle/C-7144-2013 FU National Science Foundation [0820642]; Iowa Soybean Association; United Soybean Board; North Central Soybean Association; Hatch Act fund; State of Iowa FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program (award no. 0820642), the Iowa Soybean Association, the United Soybean Board, the North Central Soybean Association, and Hatch Act and State of Iowa funds. This is a journal paper of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station (Ames, IA; project no. 3608). NR 86 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 157 IS 3 BP 1363 EP 1378 DI 10.1104/pp.111.185686 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 844BL UT WOS:000296722300030 PM 21878550 ER PT J AU Martel, C Vrebalov, J Tafelmeyer, P Giovannoni, JJ AF Martel, Catherine Vrebalov, Julia Tafelmeyer, Petra Giovannoni, James J. TI The Tomato MADS-Box Transcription Factor RIPENING INHIBITOR Interacts with Promoters Involved in Numerous Ripening Processes in a COLORLESS NONRIPENING-Dependent Manner SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; FRUIT-DEVELOPMENT; CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION; DOMAIN PROTEIN; DNA-BINDING; CAROTENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; FLORAL ORGANOGENESIS; HOMEOTIC GENE; REGULATOR RIN; ETHYLENE AB Fruit ripening is a complex developmental process responsible for the transformation of the seed-containing organ into a tissue attractive to seed dispersers and agricultural consumers. The coordinated regulation of the different biochemical pathways necessary to achieve this change receives considerable research attention. The MADS-box transcription factor RIPENING INHIBITOR (RIN) is an essential regulator of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit ripening but the exact mechanism by which it influences the expression of ripening-related genes remains unclear. Using a chromatin immunoprecipitation approach, we provide evidence that RIN interacts with the promoters of genes involved in the major pathways associated with observed and well-studied ripening phenotypes and phenomena, including the transcriptional control network involved in overall ripening regulation, ethylene biosynthesis, ethylene perception, downstream ethylene response, cell wall metabolism, and carotenoid biosynthesis. Furthermore, in the cases of ethylene and carotenoid biosynthesis, RIN interacts with the promoters of genes encoding rate-limiting activities. We also show that RIN recruitment to target loci is dependent on a normally functioning allele at the ripening-specific transcription factor COLORLESS NONRIPENING gene locus, further clarifying the relationship between these two ripening regulators. C1 [Martel, Catherine; Vrebalov, Julia; Giovannoni, James J.] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Martel, Catherine; Vrebalov, Julia; Giovannoni, James J.] Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Martel, Catherine] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Tafelmeyer, Petra] Hybrigen Serv SAS, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Giovannoni, JJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jjg33@cornell.edu FU National Science Foundation [IOS-0923312]; United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund [IS-4371-10C] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (Plant Genome award no. IOS-0923312 and United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund IS-4371-10C). NR 68 TC 113 Z9 126 U1 5 U2 63 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 157 IS 3 BP 1568 EP 1579 DI 10.1104/pp.111.181107 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 844BL UT WOS:000296722300047 PM 21941001 ER PT J AU Chu, CG Niu, ZX Zhong, SB Chao, SA Friesen, TL Halley, S Elias, EM Dong, YH Faris, JD Xu, SS AF Chu, Chenggen Niu, Zhixia Zhong, Shaobin Chao, Shiaoman Friesen, Timothy L. Halley, Scott Elias, Elias M. Dong, Yanhong Faris, Justin D. Xu, Steven S. TI Identification and molecular mapping of two QTLs with major effects for resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; SPRING WHEAT; BREAD WHEAT; AGRONOMIC TRAITS; SCAB RESISTANCE; D-GENOME; DEOXYNIVALENOL; MAP AB Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of wheat worldwide. Novel sources of resistance are critical for improving FHB resistance levels in wheat. From a large-scale evaluation of germplasm for reactions to FHB, we identified one wheat accession (PI 277012) that consistently showed a high level of resistance in both greenhouse and Weld experiments. To characterize the FHB resistance in this accession, we developed a doubled haploid (DH) mapping population consisting of 130 lines from the cross between PI 277012 and the hard red spring wheat cultivar 'Grandin'. The DH population was then evaluated for reactions to FHB in three greenhouse seasons and five Weld environments. Based on a linkage map that consisted of 340 SSR markers spanning 2,703 cM of genetic distance, two major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for FHB resistance were identified on chromosome arms 5AS and 5AL, with each explaining up to 20 and 32% of the variation in FHB severity, respectively. The two QTLs also showed major effects on reducing the percentage of Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK) and deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation in seeds. FHB resistance has not previously been reported to be associated with this particular genomic region of chromosome arm 5AL, thus indicating the novelty of FHB resistance in PI 277012. Plant maturity was not associated with FHB resistance and the effects of plant height on FHB resistance were minor. Therefore, these results suggest that PI 277012 is an excellent source for improving FHB resistance in wheat. The markers identified in this research are being used for marker-assisted introgression of the QTLs into adapted durum and hard red spring wheat cultivars. C1 [Niu, Zhixia; Chao, Shiaoman; Friesen, Timothy L.; Faris, Justin D.; Xu, Steven S.] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Chu, Chenggen; Zhong, Shaobin] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Halley, Scott] N Dakota State Univ, Langdon Res Extens Ctr, Langdon, ND 58249 USA. [Elias, Elias M.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Dong, Yanhong] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Xu, SS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd N, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM steven.xu@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture [0506-XU-103]; CRIS [5442-22000-080-033-00D] FX The authors wish to thank Daryl Klindworth, Qijun Zhang, Shaukat Ali, Guotai Yu, Qun Sun, Joseph Mullins, Sarah Underdahl, and Stan Stancyk for assistance with Weld disease evaluations, Danielle Holmes for preparing inoculum in greenhouse disease evaluations, and Mary Osenga for technical support in molecular marker analysis. This material is based upon work supported by the US Department of Agriculture, under Agreement No. 0506-XU-103 and the CRIS Project No. 5442-22000-080-033-00D. This is a cooperative project with the US Wheat & Barley Scab Initiative. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 47 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 123 IS 7 BP 1107 EP 1119 DI 10.1007/s00122-011-1652-2 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 850MR UT WOS:000297199400005 PM 21833554 ER PT J AU Oliver, RE Jellen, EN Ladizinsky, G Korol, AB Kilian, A Beard, JL Dumlupinar, Z Wisniewski-Morehead, NH Svedin, E Coon, M Redman, RR Maughan, PJ Obert, DE Jackson, EW AF Oliver, R. E. Jellen, E. N. Ladizinsky, G. Korol, A. B. Kilian, A. Beard, J. L. Dumlupinar, Z. Wisniewski-Morehead, N. H. Svedin, E. Coon, M. Redman, R. R. Maughan, P. J. Obert, D. E. Jackson, E. W. TI New Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) markers for tetraploid oat (Avena magna Murphy et Terrell) provide the first complete oat linkage map and markers linked to domestication genes from hexaploid A. sativa L. SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CROWN RUST; TRITICUM-DICOCCOIDES; MOLECULAR MARKER; DNA METHYLATION; WHEAT GENOME; PHYSICAL MAP; BETA-GLUCAN; PROTEIN; RESISTANCE AB Nutritional benefits of cultivated oat (Avena sativa L., 2n = 6x = 42, AACCDD) are well recognized; however, seed protein levels are modest and resources for genetic improvement are scarce. The wild tetraploid, A. magna Murphy et Terrell (syn A. maroccana Gdgr., 2n = 4x = 28, CCDD), which contains approximately 31% seed protein, was hybridized with cultivated oat to produce a domesticated A. magna. Wild and cultivated accessions were crossed to generate a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. Although these materials could be used to develop domesticated, high-protein oat, mapping and quantitative trait loci introgression is hindered by a near absence of genetic markers. Objectives of this study were to develop high-throughput, A. magna-specific markers; generate a genetic linkage map based on the A. magna RIL population; and map genes controlling oat domestication. A Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) array derived from 10 A. magna genotypes was used to generate 2,688 genome-specific probes. These, with 12,672 additional oat clones, produced 2,349 polymorphic markers, including 498 (21.2%) from A. magna arrays and 1,851 (78.8%) from other Avena libraries. Linkage analysis included 974 DArT markers, 26 microsatellites, 13 SNPs, and 4 phenotypic markers, and resulted in a 14-linkage-group map. Marker-to-marker correlation coefficient analysis allowed classification of shared markers as unique or redundant, and putative linkage-group-to-genome anchoring. Results of this study provide for the first time a collection of high-throughput tetraploid oat markers and a comprehensive map of the genome, providing insights to the genome ancestry of oat and affording a resource for study of oat domestication, gene transfer, and comparative genomics. C1 [Jellen, E. N.; Beard, J. L.; Svedin, E.; Coon, M.; Redman, R. R.; Maughan, P. J.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Oliver, R. E.; Wisniewski-Morehead, N. H.; Coon, M.; Redman, R. R.; Obert, D. E.; Jackson, E. W.] ARS, USDA, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID USA. [Ladizinsky, G.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Plant Sci & Genet Agr, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Korol, A. B.] Univ Haifa, Inst Evolut, IL-31999 Haifa, Israel. [Korol, A. B.] Univ Haifa, Dept Evolutionary & Environm Biol, IL-31999 Haifa, Israel. [Kilian, A.] Divers Arrays Technol, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Dumlupinar, Z.] Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ, Dept Agron, Kahramanmaras, Turkey. RP Jellen, EN (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM Rick_Jellen@byu.edu RI Maughan, Peter/G-1600-2013 NR 67 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 123 IS 7 BP 1159 EP 1171 DI 10.1007/s00122-011-1656-y PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 850MR UT WOS:000297199400009 PM 21805339 ER PT J AU Mazarei, M Liu, W Al-Ahmad, H Arelli, PR Pantalone, VR Stewart, CN AF Mazarei, Mitra Liu, Wusheng Al-Ahmad, Hani Arelli, Prakash R. Pantalone, Vincent R. Stewart, C. Neal, Jr. TI Gene expression profiling of resistant and susceptible soybean lines infected with soybean cyst nematode SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SUBVENTRAL ESOPHAGEAL GLANDS; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; PECTATE LYASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SALICYLIC-ACID; FEEDING CELLS; PLANT DEFENSE; ROOTS; REGISTRATION; PARASITISM AB Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is the most devastating pathogen of soybean. Information about the molecular basis of soybean-SCN interactions is needed to assist future development of effective management tools against this pathogen. Toward this end, soybean transcript abundance was measured using the Affymetrix Soybean Genome Array in a susceptible and a resistant reaction of soybean to SCN infection. Two genetically related soybean sister lines TN02-226 and TN02-275, which are resistant and susceptible, respectively, to the SCN race 2 infection were utilized in these experiments. Pairwise comparisons followed by false discovery rate analysis indicated that the expression levels of 162 transcripts changed significantly in the resistant line, of which 84 increased while 78 decreased. However, in the susceptible line, 1,694 transcripts changed significantly, of which 674 increased while 1,020 decreased. Comparative analyses of these transcripts indicated that a total of 51 transcripts were in common between resistance and susceptible responses. In this set, 42 transcripts increased in the resistant line, but decreased in the susceptible line. Quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed the results of microarray analysis. Of the transcripts to which a function could be assigned, genes were associated with metabolism, cell wall modification, signal transduction, transcription, and defense. Microarray analyses examining two genetically related soybean lines against the same SCN population provided additional insights into the specific changes in gene expression of a susceptible and a resistant reaction beneficial for identification of genes involved in defense. C1 [Mazarei, Mitra; Liu, Wusheng; Al-Ahmad, Hani; Pantalone, Vincent R.; Stewart, C. Neal, Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Arelli, Prakash R.] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet Res Unit, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. RP Mazarei, M (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, 252 Ellington Plant Sci,2431 Joe Johnson Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM mmazarei@utk.edu RI Liu, Wusheng/B-9176-2013 FU Tennessee Soybean Promotion Board; USDA-NIFA; Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station FX We gratefully acknowledge funding by the Tennessee Soybean Promotion Board and funds from a USDA-NIFA grant and the Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station. We sincerely acknowledge Julia Gouffon at the Affymetrix Core Center of the University of Tennessee for help in conducting the microarray experiment, Dana Pekarchick and Lisa Fritz at USDA-ARS, Jackson, TN for technical assistance. Minimum information about a microarray experiment (MIAME) guidelines were followed in this study. NR 73 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 123 IS 7 BP 1193 EP 1206 DI 10.1007/s00122-011-1659-8 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 850MR UT WOS:000297199400012 PM 21800143 ER PT J AU Nemeth, NM Thomsen, BV Spraker, TR Benson, JM Bosco-Lauth, AM Oesterle, PT Bright, JM Muth, JP Campbell, TW Gidlewski, TL Bowen, RA AF Nemeth, N. M. Thomsen, B. V. Spraker, T. R. Benson, J. M. Bosco-Lauth, A. M. Oesterle, P. T. Bright, J. M. Muth, J. P. Campbell, T. W. Gidlewski, T. L. Bowen, R. A. TI Clinical and Pathologic Responses of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) and Fish Crows (C ossifragus) to Experimental West Nile Virus Infection SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bird; crow; experimental inoculation; pathology; West Nile virus ID IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL FINDINGS; UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK; BIRDS; DOMESTICUS; MORTALITY; DECLINES; IMMUNITY; RAPTORS; GEORGIA AB West Nile virus (WNV)-associated disease has a range of clinical manifestations among avian taxa, the reasons for which are not known. Species susceptibility varies within the avian family Corvidae, with estimated mortality rates ranging from 50 to 100%. We examined and compared virologic, immunologic, pathologic, and clinical responses in 2 corvid species, the American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) and the fish crow (C ossifragus), following experimental WNV inoculation. Unlike fish crows, which remained clinically normal throughout the study, American crows succumbed to WNV infection subsequent to dehydration, electrolyte and pH imbalances, and delayed or depressed humoral immune responses concurrent with marked, widespread virus replication. Viral titers were approximately 3,000 times greater in blood and 30,000 to 50,000 times greater in other tissues (eg, pancreas and small intestine) in American crows versus fish crows. Histologic lesion patterns and antigen deposition supported the differing clinical outcomes, with greater severity and distribution of lesions and WNV antigen in American crows. Both crow species had multiorgan necrosis and inflammation, although lesions were more frequent, severe, and widespread in American crows, in which the most commonly affected tissues were small intestine, spleen, and liver. American crows also had inflammation of vessels and nerves in multiple tissues, including heart, kidney, and the gastrointestinal tract. WNV antigen was most commonly observed within monocytes, macrophages, and other cells of the reticuloendothelial system of affected tissues. Collectively, the data support that WNV-infected American crows experience uncontrolled systemic infection leading to multiorgan failure and rapid death. C1 [Nemeth, N. M.; Bowen, R. A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Thomsen, B. V.; Muth, J. P.] USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Pathobiol Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Spraker, T. R.; Benson, J. M.; Bosco-Lauth, A. M.; Muth, J. P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Oesterle, P. T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Oesterle, P. T.; Gidlewski, T. L.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Bright, J. M.; Campbell, T. W.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Nemeth, NM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Pathol, 501 DW Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM nmnemeth@uga.edu FU National Institutes of Health [N01-AI25489] FX This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health contract No. N01-AI25489. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 25 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1061 EP 1074 DI 10.1177/0300985811398249 PG 14 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 843AX UT WOS:000296645700005 PM 21383115 ER PT J AU Palmer, MV Stasko, J Waters, WR Thacker, TC AF Palmer, Mitchell V. Stasko, Judith Waters, W. Ray Thacker, Tyler C. TI Examination of the Reticular Epithelium of the Bovine Pharyngeal Tonsil SO ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE follicle associated epithelium; lymphoepithelium; M cell; microparticle; reticular epithelium; tonsil ID FOLLICLE-ASSOCIATED EPITHELIUM; M-CELLS; DENDRITIC CELLS; PALATINE TONSIL; LYMPHOID-TISSUE; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; MUCOSAL DISEASE; T-LYMPHOCYTES; RABBIT TONSIL; CATTLE AB The pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid), located at the posterior of the nasopharynx is ideally positioned to sample antigens passing through the nasal cavity or oral cavity. Entering antigens will first contact tonsilar epithelium. To better understand the cellular organization of this important epithelial layer, pharyngeal tonsils were collected from six, 7-month-old calves and examined by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis showed that the epithelium overlying lymphoid follicles (reticular epithelium) contained significantly more B-cells, CD4+, and CD11c+ cells than nonreticular epithelium. In contrast, nonreticular epithelium contained significantly more, gamma/delta TCR+ cells than reticular epithelium. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of reticular epithelium identified a heterogeneous population of epithelial cells, many of which displayed morphologic characteristics of M-cells. Moreover, putative M-cells were shown to possess the capacity for microparticle uptake. Bovine pharyngeal tonsilar reticular epithelium contains key immune cells, as well as M-cells; elements essential for antigen uptake, antigen processing, and initiation of immune responses. A better understanding of the morphology and function of tonsilar lymphoepithelium will strengthen our understanding of it's role in disease pathogenesis, and potential use as an induction site for mucosal immune responses to vaccination. Anat Rec, 294:1939-1950, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Palmer, Mitchell V.; Stasko, Judith; Waters, W. Ray; Thacker, Tyler C.] ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Palmer, MV (reprint author), 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM mitchell.palmer@ars.usda.gov OI Thacker, Tyler/0000-0001-6779-7649 NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1932-8486 J9 ANAT REC JI Anat. Rec. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 294 IS 11 BP 1939 EP 1950 DI 10.1002/ar.21448 PG 12 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 848BT UT WOS:000297022800017 PM 21809462 ER PT J AU Rickman, AD Williamson, DA Martin, CK Gilhooly, CH Stein, RI Bales, CW Roberts, S Das, SK AF Rickman, Amy D. Williamson, Donald A. Martin, Corby K. Gilhooly, Cheryl H. Stein, Richard I. Bales, Connie W. Roberts, Susan Das, Sai Krupa CA CALERIE Study Grp TI The CALERIE Study: Design and methods of an innovative 25% caloric restriction intervention SO CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article DE Caloric restriction; Randomized controlled trial; Aging; Intervention ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTION; BODY-COMPOSITION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; FOOD PROVISION; CLINICAL-TRIAL; WEIGHT-LOSS; LONGEVITY; ENERGY; INDIVIDUALS AB Animal studies have shown that life span is extended by caloric restriction (CR). This manuscript describes the design and methodology of an innovative CR intervention, which is the treatment arm of the CALERIE Study. This study is a multi-center, randomized controlled trial examining the effects of 2 years of CR on biomarkers of longevity among non-obese (BMI >= 22 kg/m(2) and < 28 kg/m(2)) adults. CALERIE is the first investigation of the effects of long-term CR on the aging process in non-obese humans. 220 healthy volunteers across 3 sites were recruited beginning in May 2007. Participants were randomized in a 2:1 ratio between the CR or control group (i.e., ad libitum diet). An intensive intervention was designed to assist participants in adhering to the 25% CR prescription for a two-year duration. The intervention was designed to optimize the likelihood that 25% CR would be achieved through a variety of nutritional and behavioral strategies, several of which are innovative methods for achieving CR. The intervention includes the following components: an intensive, "mixed" format schedule of group/individual sessions, meal provision phase with exposure to various diets, Personal Digital Assistants to monitor caloric intake, unique portion estimation training, tailored treatment using a computer tracking system, toolbox strategies and algorithms, as well as comprehensive coverage of nutrition and behavioral topics in order to assist participants in meeting their CR goal. This manuscript provides an overview of the CR intensive intervention and may be of assistance for other researchers and clinicians in designing future trials. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rickman, Amy D.] Univ Pittsburgh, Phys Activ & Weight Management Res Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. [Williamson, Donald A.; Martin, Corby K.] Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Gilhooly, Cheryl H.; Roberts, Susan; Das, Sai Krupa] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Stein, Richard I.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Bales, Connie W.] Durham VA Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Bales, Connie W.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Rickman, AD (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Phys Activ & Weight Management Res Ctr, Suite 600,Birmingham Towers,2100 Wharton St, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. EM arickman@pitt.edu RI Biguzzi, Felipe/E-4724-2015; OI Stein, Richard/0000-0003-1614-4845 FU National Institute on Aging [5U01AG022132-06, 5U01AG020478-06, 5U01AG020487-07, 5U01AG020480-06]; U.S. National Institutes of Health [K23 DK068052 (NIDDK)] FX Funding support: This research was supported by grants 5U01AG022132-06, 5U01AG020478-06, 5U01AG020487-07 and 5U01AG020480-06 from the National Institute on Aging and K23 DK068052 (NIDDK) of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. NR 28 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1551-7144 J9 CONTEMP CLIN TRIALS JI Contemp. Clin. Trials PD NOV PY 2011 VL 32 IS 6 BP 874 EP 881 DI 10.1016/j.cct.2011.07.002 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 841CE UT WOS:000296489100015 PM 21767664 ER PT J AU Le, KA Mahurkar, S Alderete, TL Hasson, RE Adam, TC Kim, JS Beale, E Xie, C Greenberg, AS Allayee, H Goran, MI AF Le, Kim-Anne Mahurkar, Swapna Alderete, Tanya L. Hasson, Rebecca E. Adam, Tanja C. Kim, Joon Sung Beale, Elizabeth Xie, Chen Greenberg, Andrew S. Allayee, Hooman Goran, Michael I. TI Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Macrophage Infiltration Is Associated With Hepatic and Visceral Fat Deposition, Hyperinsulinemia, and Stimulation of NF-kappa B Stress Pathway SO DIABETES LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATING MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; OBESE SUBJECTS; NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS; INFLAMMATION; MICE; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; LIVER; MATRIX-METALLOPROTEINASE-9 AB OBJECTIVE-To examine in obese young adults the influence of ethnicity and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) inflammation on hepatic fat fraction (HFF), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) deposition, insulin sensitivity (SI), beta-cell function, and SAT gene expression. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-SAT biopsies were obtained from 36 obese young adults (20 Hispanics, 16 African Americans) to measure crown-like structures (CLS), reflecting SAT inflammation. SAT, VAT, and HFF were measured by magnetic resonance imaging, and SI and beta-cell function (disposition index [DI]) were measured by intravenous glucose tolerance test. SAT gene expression was assessed using Illumina microarrays. RESULTS-Participants with CLS in SAT (n = 16) were similar to those without CLS in terms of ethnicity, sex, and total body fat. Individuals with CIS had greater VAT (3.7 +/- 1.3 vs. 2.6 +/- 1.6 L; P = 0.04), HFF (9.9 +/- 7.3 vs. 5.8 +/- 4.4%; P = 0.03), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (20.8 +/- 4.8 vs. 16.2 +/- 5.8 pg/mL; P = 0.01), fasting insulin (20.9 +/- 10.6 vs. 9.7 +/- 6.6 mU/mL; P < 0.001) and glucose (94.4 +/- 9.3 vs. 86.8 +/- 5.3 mg/dL; P = 0.005), and lower DI (1,559 +/- 984 vs. 2,024 +/- 829 x 10(-4) min(-1); P = 0.03). Individuals with CLS in SAT exhibited upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and monocyte antigen CD14 genes, as well as several other genes belonging to the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) stress pathway. CONCLUSIONS-Adipose tissue inflammation was equally distributed between sexes and ethnicities. It was associated with partitioning of fat toward VAT and the liver and altered beta-cell function, independent of total adiposity. Several genes belonging to the NF-kappa B stress pathway were upregulated, suggesting stimulation of proinflammatory mediators. Diabetes 60:2802-2809, 2011 C1 [Le, Kim-Anne; Mahurkar, Swapna; Alderete, Tanya L.; Hasson, Rebecca E.; Adam, Tanja C.; Kim, Joon Sung; Allayee, Hooman; Goran, Michael I.] Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Childhood Obes Res Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Kim, Joon Sung] Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Ulsan Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, Ulsan 680749, South Korea. [Beale, Elizabeth] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Endocrinol & Diabet, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Xie, Chen; Greenberg, Andrew S.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Goran, MI (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Childhood Obes Res Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM goran@usc.edu FU American Diabetes Association; National Institutes of Health [R01-DK-082574]; Robert C. and Veronica Atkins Foundation; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-70]; Swiss National Science Foundation [PBLA33-122719] FX This work was supported by grants from the American Diabetes Association; National Institutes of Health Grant R01-DK-082574 to A.S.G.; the Robert C. and Veronica Atkins Foundation Grant to A.S.G. and M.I.G.; and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, under agreement No. 58-1950-7-70 to A.S.G. K.-A.L. is supported by a grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation (PBLA33-122719). NR 37 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0012-1797 J9 DIABETES JI Diabetes PD NOV PY 2011 VL 60 IS 11 BP 2802 EP 2809 DI 10.2337/db10-1263 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 847EL UT WOS:000296954600019 PM 22025778 ER PT J AU Lu, M Wingfield, MJ Gillette, N Sun, JH AF Lu, Min Wingfield, Michael J. Gillette, Nancy Sun, Jiang-Hua TI Do novel genotypes drive the success of an invasive bark beetle-fungus complex? Implications for potential reinvasion SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bark beetles-ophiostomatoid fungi-hosts interactions; chemical ecology; Dendroctonus valens; fungal genetics; invasion mechanism; invasive bark beetles; Leptographium procerum; 3-carene ID RED TURPENTINE BEETLE; DENDROCTONUS-VALENS; GENETIC-VARIATION; CHINA; PINE; COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE; VIRULENCE AB Novel genotypes often arise during biological invasions, but their role in invasion success has rarely been elucidated. Here we examined the population genetics and behavior of the fungus, Leptographium procerum, vectored by a highly invasive bark beetle, Dendroctonus valens, to determine whether genetic changes in the fungus contributed to the invasive success of the beetle-fungal complex in China. The fungus was introduced by the beetle from the United States to China, where we identified several novel genotypes using microsatellite markers. These novel genotypes were more pathogenic to Chinese host seedlings than were other genotypes and they also induced the release of higher amounts of 3-carene, the primary host attractant for the beetle vector, from inoculated seedlings. This evidence suggests a possible mechanism, based on the evolution of a novel genotype during the two or three decades since its introduction, for the success of the beetle-fungal complex in its introduced region. C1 [Lu, Min; Sun, Jiang-Hua] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Lu, Min; Wingfield, Michael J.] Univ Pretoria, Forestry & Agr Biotechnol Inst, Tree Protect Cooperat Programme, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Gillette, Nancy] US Forest Serv, PSW Res Stn, USDA, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RP Sun, JH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM sunjh@ioz.ac.cn RI Wingfield, Michael/A-9473-2008 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30921063]; CAS [KSCX2-EW-J-2]; TPCP (Tree Protection Co-operation Programme); USDA Forest Service; Western Wildlands Environmental Threats Assessment Center (Prineville, Oregon, USA) FX We thank Susan J. Frankel and Bohun B. Kinloch, Jr., for helpful reviews. This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30921063), the CAS Knowledge Innovation Key Research Program (KSCX2-EW-J-2), TPCP (Tree Protection Co-operation Programme), and a grant from the USDA Forest Service, Western Wildlands Environmental Threats Assessment Center (Prineville, Oregon, USA). NR 17 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 34 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD NOV PY 2011 VL 92 IS 11 BP 2013 EP 2019 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 840GB UT WOS:000296426000001 PM 22164824 ER PT J AU Mullen, CA Boateng, AA Mihalcik, DJ Goldberg, NM AF Mullen, Charles A. Boateng, Akwasi A. Mihalcik, David J. Goldberg, Neil M. TI Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of White Oak Wood in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID BIO-OIL; BIOMASS; FEEDSTOCKS; STABILITY; CRACKING; REACTOR; FUELS AB Catalytic fast pyrolysis was performed on white oak wood using two zeolite-type catalysts as bed material in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor. The two catalysts chosen, on the basis of a previous screening study, were Ca(2+) exchanged Y zeolite and a proprietary beta-zeolite type catalyst (catalyst M) both supplied by UOP. Each catalyst proved effective at partially deoxygenating the oak wood pyrolysis vapors during the initial pyrolysis process and adding aromatic hydrocarbons to the liquid product mixture. However, each incurred a penalty of reduced liquid yield and catalyst deactivation due to coke formation on the catalysts' surfaces. The coking on the Ca-Y zeolite catalyst was relatively less severe because the deoxygenation process followed decarbonylation and decarboxylation reaction pathways more compared to the dehydration and dehydrogenation pathways for catalyst M, although evidence that both catalysts were active for all the reaction mechanisms exists. The severe coking problem on catalyst M on catalyst activity was mitigated by successfully regenerating the catalyst in situ, resulting in effective production of partially deoxygenated pyrolysis oils over extended periods of time and concomitantly improving the C/O ratio of the upgraded pyrolysis oils from 1.8/1 to 5.9/1 at best. However, the severe coking does limit the overall carbon conversation efficiency from biomass to catalytic pyrolysis oil. Nonetheless, this demonstrates the potential of producing partially deoxygenated and stable fuel intermediates by in situ catalytic fast pyrolysis for ready use as refinery fuel blendstock using the bubbling fluidized bed technology. C1 [Mullen, Charles A.; Boateng, Akwasi A.; Mihalcik, David J.; Goldberg, Neil M.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Boateng, AA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM akwasi.boateng@ars.usda.gov FU ARS/USDA [58-3K95-9-1354]; UOP, LLC, a Honeywell Company; DOE [DE-FG36-08GO18213] FX This work was performed under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between ARS/USDA and UOP, LLC, a Honeywell Company (ARS Agreement No. 58-3K95-9-1354). Catalysts were provided by UOP, a Honeywell Company. Funding was provided by DOE: Pyrolysis Oil Stabilization Program Award No. DE-FG36-08GO18213. NR 26 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 55 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD NOV PY 2011 VL 25 IS 11 BP 5444 EP 5451 DI 10.1021/ef201286z PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 847VU UT WOS:000297001400058 ER PT J AU Strahan, GD Mullen, CA Boateng, AA AF Strahan, Gary D. Mullen, Charles A. Boateng, Akwasi A. TI Characterizing Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Oils by C-13 NMR and Chemometric Analysis SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID BIO-OIL; SPECTROSCOPY; NORMALIZATION; DEPENDENCE; H-1-NMR; LIQUID AB Several biomass fast pyrolysis oils were characterized by C-13 and DEPT (distortionless enhancement polarization transfer) NMR analysis to determine their chemical functional group compositions as related to their energy content. Pyrolysis oils were produced from a variety of feedstocks, including energy crops, woods, animal wastes, and oil seed presscakes, and were also compared with fossil fuels (gasoline and diesel). The C-13 and DEPT NMR spectra of the biofuels and the two fossil fuel samples were measured, and each spectrum was divided into distinct regions according to the chemical shift ranges appropriate for various functional groups. The spectral intensities of each region were then quantified, and the carbon proton substitution numbers were determined. This approach provided helpful information on the chemical compositions of the oils, but it was found to oversimplify the information contained in the C-13 NMR spectra, resulting in a substantial loss of important details. Hence, a chemometric method of analysis based on principle component analysis (PCA) was used to extract more of the useful information from the C-13 NMR spectra. The intensities of the C-13 NMR spectra from 15 pryolysis and two fossil fuel samples were binned in 2 ppm increments and subjected to unsupervised PCA. Comparison of the PCA scores plots with their respective loadings plots enabled a determination of the chemical shifts and, hence, the:Chemical functional groups that were most important in discriminating among the clusters. The clustering of the biomass samples based on PCA results were shown to track with their biological origin and their energy contents. Therefore, C-13 NMR PCA analysis was shown to be a powerful and facile technique for classifying biomass fast pyrolysis oils. C1 [Strahan, Gary D.; Mullen, Charles A.; Boateng, Akwasi A.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Boateng, AA (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM akwasi.boateng@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD NOV PY 2011 VL 25 IS 11 BP 5452 EP 5461 DI 10.1021/ef2013166 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 847VU UT WOS:000297001400059 ER PT J AU Lapointe, SL Stelinski, LL AF Lapointe, S. L. Stelinski, L. L. TI An applicator for high viscosity semiochemical products and intentional treatment gaps for mating disruption of Phyllocnistis citrella SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE sex pheromone; (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-hexadecatrienal; citrus leafminer; SPLAT; Lepidoptera; Gracillariidae ID CITRUS LEAFMINER; SEX-PHEROMONE; FIELD-EVALUATION; LEPIDOPTERA; GRACILLARIIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; FLORIDA; CANKER AB The leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), is a global pest of citrus, and contributes to the incidence and severity of citrus bacterial canker, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. SPLAT-CLM (TM) (ISCA Technologies) is an emulsified wax product that provides sustained release of (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-hexadecatrienal, the major component of the P. citrella sex pheromone. Here, we report success in development of a mechanized and automated applicator of SPLAT and other high viscosity products on a large scale in tree crops, and progress in optimization of coverage patterns to minimize the cost of disruption of P. citrella. The applicator (IFM-5051; International Fly Masters) delivered 1 g dollops of SPLAT-CLM into a citrus grove canopy within 2% of the targeted application rate. A field trial conducted in Florida (USA) demonstrated effective disruption (> 90%) of male moth catch in traps baited with pheromone lures characterized by high potency following each of four applications of 250 or 500 g ha) 1 of SPLAT-CLM containing 0.15% (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-hexadecatrienal. Catch of male moths in pheromone traps deployed as a transect across the border between treated and untreated plots was analyzed to describe the rate of loss of disruption as a function of distance from a treated area. The model was used to estimate a maximum gap of 65 m consisting of untreated rows bounded on both sides by treated rows that could be incorporated into coverage patterns without a significant loss of disruption. A second field trial was conducted to test the feasibility of leaving intentional coverage gaps. No difference in trap catch disruption was observed between plots uniformly treated with SPLAT-CLM and plots where every fifth row (80% coverage) or every fifth and sixth rows (67% coverage) were left untreated. Incorporation of coverage gaps should be effective in reducing product use and overall cost of mating disruption for P. citrella in citrus and other species for which mating disruption occurs by a non-competitive mechanism. C1 [Lapointe, S. L.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Stelinski, L. L.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Lapointe, SL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM stephen.lapointe@ars.usda.gov FU Specialty Crops Block Grant; USDA; Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services FX PeiLing Li, Larry Markle, Kelsey Stevens (USDA-ARS, Ft. Pierce, FL, USA), Wendy Meyer, Siddharth Tiwari, and Ian Jackson (Univeristy of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL) provided technical assistance in the field. Dave Robinson (International Fly Masters) provided prototype machinery and made the field applications. Partial funding was provided by the Specialty Crops Block Grant, USDA, and the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. We are particularly grateful to Tom Stopyra (The Packers of Indian River, Ft. Pierce, FL) and David Kemeny (TRB Groves, Punta Gorda, FL) for use of their groves. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the United States Department of Agriculture, and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 141 IS 2 BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01178.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 847XK UT WOS:000297007600007 ER PT J AU Williams, L Hagler, JR Tonkel, KC AF Williams, Livy, III Hagler, James R. Tonkel, Kirk C. TI Retention of immunolabels by Diorhabda carinulata, a biological control agent of saltcedar SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE protein labels; ELISA; predator-prey interactions; mark-release-recapture; dispersal; Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; Tamarix ramosissima; Tamaricaceae; weed control ID MARK-RELEASE-RECAPTURE; UNITED-STATES; TAMARIX SPP.; DISPERSAL; PROTEIN; PREDATION; PREY; PARASITOIDS; INSECTS; ECOLOGY AB Marking biological control agents facilitates studies of dispersal and predation. This study examines the feasibility of marking the various life stages of a weed biological control agent, Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), by submersion in rabbit or chicken immunoglobulin G (IgG) protein solutions. We determined whether externally applied IgGs are effective labels of the various lifestages, whether IgGs can be retained between D. carinulata lifestages, and to what extent abiotic factors associated with field conditions mediate label retention. The presence of the labels on the various lifestages of the beetles was detected by IgG-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Duration of each immunolabel was measured on eggs and larvae in laboratory studies and on adults in laboratory and field studies. For adults, both labels showed high (>80%) retention for ca. 14 days after marking under field and laboratory conditions. Temperature and type of label (rabbit or chicken) had only a minimal effect on marker retention. Externally marked eggs exhibited high (100%) retention for both proteins over the entire duration of the egg stage. Interestingly, some larvae emerging from externally labeled eggs contained both external and internal IgG marks. To our knowledge, this is the first case of an IgG being transferred from the egg to larva of an insect. Age of eggs at the time of label application affected the intensity of the external label on neonates. For instance, larvae that emerged from eggs that were >1 day old when labeled exhibited stronger label retention than larvae that emerged from eggs that were 1 day old when labeled. For larvae, retention of rabbit IgG was greater than retention of chicken IgG. Label retention declined as larvae aged; larvae >3 days old retained significantly less label than did neonate larvae. Both IgG labels were retained from the first to second instar, but at a very low rate of <10%. Overall, our study demonstrates that protein-marking technology has potential for use in studies of dispersal and predator-prey associations for D. carinulata. C1 [Williams, Livy, III] USDA ARS European Biol Control Lab, F-34988 St Gely Du Fesc, France. [Hagler, James R.] ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Tonkel, Kirk C.] ARS, USDA, Great Basin Rangelands Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Williams, L (reprint author), USDA ARS European Biol Control Lab, Campus Int Baillarguet,CS90013 Montferrier Lez, F-34988 St Gely Du Fesc, France. EM lwilliams@ars-ebcl.org NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 141 IS 2 BP 154 EP 162 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01177.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 847XK UT WOS:000297007600008 ER PT J AU Wu, DY Wang, JP AF Wu, Dayong Wang, Junpeng TI The ability of green tea to alleviate autoimmune diseases: fact or fiction? SO EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE autoimmune disease; EGCG; green tea; prevention; treatment ID HUMAN SJOGRENS-SYNDROME; MURINE MODEL; INDUCED ARTHRITIS; EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-GALLATE; COLITIS; RATS; MICE C1 [Wu, Dayong; Wang, Junpeng] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wu, DY (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM dayong.wu@tufts.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU EXPERT REVIEWS PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1744-666X J9 EXPERT REV CLIN IMMU JI Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 7 IS 6 BP 711 EP 713 DI 10.1586/ECI.11.67 PG 3 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 848AW UT WOS:000297019800001 PM 22014009 ER PT J AU Picklo, MJ Idso, J Jackson, MI AF Picklo, Matthew J. Idso, Joseph Jackson, Matthew I. TI N-Methyl-2-Vinylpyridinium Ion As a Thiol Alkylator for Thiol Proteomics SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine (SFRBM) CY NOV 16-20, 2011 CL Atlanta, GA SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med (SFRBM) C1 [Picklo, Matthew J.; Idso, Joseph; Jackson, Matthew I.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 51 SU 1 BP S22 EP S22 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.10.051 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 848FS UT WOS:000297036600046 ER PT J AU Vomhof-DeKrey, EE Picklo, MJ AF Vomhof-DeKrey, Emilie Erin Picklo, Matthew J., Sr. TI Lack of Nrf2 Reduces Voluntary Exercise in Mice: Influences of Sex and Diet SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine (SFRBM) CY NOV 16-20, 2011 CL Atlanta, GA SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med (SFRBM) C1 [Vomhof-DeKrey, Emilie Erin; Picklo, Matthew J., Sr.] Univ N Dakota, USDA ARS, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Picklo, Matthew J., Sr.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Pharmacol Physiol & Therapeut, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 51 SU 1 BP S58 EP S59 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.10.153 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 848FS UT WOS:000297036600145 ER PT J AU Vomhof-DeKrey, EE Picklo, MJ AF Vomhof-DeKrey, Emilie Erin Picklo, Matthew J. TI Nrf2 Pathway Proteins Are Differentially Expressed during 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Differentiation SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine (SFRBM) CY NOV 16-20, 2011 CL Atlanta, GA SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med (SFRBM) C1 [Vomhof-DeKrey, Emilie Erin; Picklo, Matthew J.] Univ N Dakota, USDA ARS, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Picklo, Matthew J.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Pharmacol Physiol & Therapeut, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 51 SU 1 BP S17 EP S17 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.10.039 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 848FS UT WOS:000297036600035 ER PT J AU Volk, GM Richards, CM AF Volk, Gayle M. Richards, Christopher M. TI Horticultural Value of Wild Genetic Resources-Introduction to the Workshop SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genebank; genetic diversity; breeding AB Wild plant genetic resources are increasingly becoming valuable for breeding, genomics, and ornamental horticulture programs. Wild relatives of horticultural species may offer desirable traits that are not available in cultivated varieties, but "wilds" often also have traits that are highly undesirable. Advances in comparative genomics and marker-assisted breeding facilitate the inclusion of the valued traits from wild materials in plant breeding programs. As technologies advance, wild plant genetic resources will become even more valuable for future research developments. This serves as an introduction to a series of proceedings articles from the American Society of Horticultural Science meetings in 2010 workshop entitled "Horticultural Value of Wild Genetic Resources." C1 [Volk, Gayle M.; Richards, Christopher M.] USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Volk, GM (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Gayle.Volk@ars.usda.gov RI Richards, Christopher/A-8328-2013 OI Richards, Christopher/0000-0002-9978-6079 FU Genetics and Germplasm (GG) Working Group FX This paper was part of the workshop "Horticultural Value of Wild Genetic Resources" held 3 Aug. 2010 at the ASHS Conference, Palm Desert, CA, and sponsored by the Genetics and Germplasm (GG) Working Group. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 2011 VL 46 IS 11 BP 1436 EP 1437 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 850KF UT WOS:000297192800001 ER PT J AU Hellier, BC AF Hellier, Barbara C. TI Collecting in Central Asia and the Caucasus: US National Plant Germplasm System Plant Explorations SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE plant genetic resources; Taraxacum kok-saghyz; wild crop relatives AB The USDA-ARS National Plant Germplasm System is charged with the preservation of economically important crop plants and their wild relatives. Curators in the System strive to develop collections capturing the genetic diversity of each species. One mechanism for filling gaps in collections is through plant exploration. The USDA-ARS National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Plant Exchange Office administers funding and coordinates plant explorations for the System. In the past decade, there have been 38 collecting missions in Central Asia and the Caucasus. This area is rich in plant biodiversity and is a center of diversity for many crop species and their wild relatives. The author has had the opportunity to participate in four explorations in the area focusing on wild crop relatives. This included a trip to Kazakhstan targeting Russian dandelion, Taraxacum kok-saghyz L.E. Rodin, a source of natural rubber. In this mission, a total of 22 accessions of T. kok-saghyz and six accessions of other Taraxacum species were collected. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hellier, BC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, 59 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM barbara.hellier@ars.usda.gov FU Genetics and Germplasm (GG) Working Group FX This paper was part of the workshop "Horticultural Value of Wild Genetic Resources" held 3 Aug. 2010 at the ASHS Conference, Palm Desert, CA, and sponsored by the Genetics and Germplasm (GG) Working Group. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 2011 VL 46 IS 11 BP 1438 EP 1439 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 850KF UT WOS:000297192800002 ER PT J AU Hummer, KE AF Hummer, Kim E. TI From Villous Strawberry Shams to Hairy Huckleberries: The Wild Side of Berry Exploration SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fragaria; genetic resources; germplasm; ex situ collection AB The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository in Corvallis was established as the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System's berry genebank in 1981. Since then, the USDA has sponsored numerous explorations throughout the United States and foreign countries to obtain berry plant genetic resources. Species of Fragaria L. (strawberries), Ribes L. (currants and gooseberries), Rubus L. (raspberries and blackberries), and Vaccinium L. (blueberries and cranberries) are native to both domestic and international localities. With limited gene pools for cultivated strawberries, raspberries, and blackberries, expeditions have provided a wealth of genetic resources to expand opportunities for breeders to develop new cultivars. Particularly given the diverse species inherent in the development of cultivated blueberries, these trips have discovered unusual new blueberry relatives and forms available for expanding the range of production, increasing plant yields, and improving fruit antioxidant content. Along the way, new fruit species and new uses for known species were observed. Gathering the bounty of the world's berries resulted in encounters with diverse fauna, from snakes, bears, and bison to butterflies, mosquitoes, ticks, and chiggers. Avenging Toxicodendron species have added their mark on intrepid explorers. Remote sites with nothing but clear night stars and the satellite markers on the global positioning system offer radiant beauty and an abiding hope for the conservation of plant genetic diversity for all people for all time. C1 ARS, USDA, NCGR, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Hummer, KE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCGR, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Kim.Hummer@ars.usda.gov FU Genetics and Germplasm (GG) Working Group FX This paper was part of the workshop "Horticultural Value of Wild Genetic Resources" held 3 Aug. 2010 at the ASHS Conference, Palm Desert, CA, and sponsored by the Genetics and Germplasm (GG) Working Group. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 2011 VL 46 IS 11 BP 1440 EP 1443 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 850KF UT WOS:000297192800003 ER PT J AU Bamberg, J del Rio, A AF Bamberg, John del Rio, Alfonso TI Use of Native Potatoes for Research and Breeding SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE germplasm; collecting; stoloniferum ID ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; PHENOLIC CONTENT; GERMPLASM AB Potato is an important world crop with an abundant diversity of wild relatives for research and breeding. Over 100 tuber-bearing Solanum relatives of the cultivated potato occur naturally from southern Chile to the southwest United States. Only five of these have been reported in the United States, and only two exist with certainty (S. stoloniferum/fendleri and S. jamesii). The authors and colleagues have conducted expeditions in the southwest United States each season since 1992, collecting over 200 new germplasm samples. This work has greatly improved the representation of these species in the genebank with respect to geography and genetic diversity available to germplasm users worldwide. Corrected or refined collection site information now makes it possible to easily find these typically small populations for continued in situ study and sampling. Collecting experiences, often in contrast with conventional wisdom, have been documented for the benefit of future collectors. A broader sampling of the region has allowed studies of the association of eco-geo parameters with patterns of genetic diversity in an attempt to predict "hot spots" of diversity for future expeditions. Evaluation of these materials has resulted in the discovery of new useful traits-novel mutants, disease and pest resistances, and human nutritional compounds. C1 [Bamberg, John; del Rio, Alfonso] ARS, US Potato Genebank, USDA, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. RP Bamberg, J (reprint author), ARS, US Potato Genebank, USDA, 4312 Highway 42, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. EM John.Bamberg@ars.usda.gov OI Del Rio, Alfonso/0000-0001-8780-747X FU Genetics and Germplasm (GG) Working Group FX This paper was part of the workshop "Horticultural Value of Wild Genetic Resources" held 3 Aug. 2010 at the ASHS Conference, Palm Desert, CA, and sponsored by the Genetics and Germplasm (GG) Working Group. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 2011 VL 46 IS 11 BP 1444 EP 1445 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 850KF UT WOS:000297192800004 ER PT J AU Volk, GM Richards, CM AF Volk, Gayle M. Richards, Christopher M. TI Integration of Georeferencing, Habitat, Sampling, and Genetic Data for Documentation of Wild Plant Genetic Resources SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE core collection; database; genebank; genomic; plant breeding ID GERMPLASM COLLECTIONS; AGRONOMIC IMPORTANCE; POPULATION GENOMICS; NEXT-GENERATION; SEED BANKS; INFORMATION; SELECTION; IDENTIFICATION; CONSERVATION; RESISTANCE AB Plant genetic resource collections provide novel materials to the breeding and research communities. Crop wild relatives may harbor completely novel forms of allelic variation for biotic and abiotic resistance as well as masked genes for improved quality and production. This variation has been shaped by the environment from which the plant materials were collected. With detailed original source information, genetic assessments of germplasm collections can go beyond the basic measurements of collection diversity and breeding for simple traits to assessments of natural variation in environmental contexts. Availability of detailed documentation of passport, phenotypic, and genetic data increases the value of all genebank accessions. Inclusion of georeferenced sources, habitats, and sampling data in collection databases facilitates interpretation of genetic data for genebank accessions with wild origins. C1 [Volk, Gayle M.; Richards, Christopher M.] USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Volk, GM (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Gayle.Volk@ars.usda.gov RI Richards, Christopher/A-8328-2013 OI Richards, Christopher/0000-0002-9978-6079 NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 2011 VL 46 IS 11 BP 1446 EP 1449 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 850KF UT WOS:000297192800005 ER PT J AU Dean, D Wadl, PA Wang, XW Klingeman, WE Ownley, BH Rinehart, TA Scheffler, BE Trigiano, RN AF Dean, Deborah Wadl, Phillip A. Wang, Xinwang Klingeman, William E. Ownley, Bonnie H. Rinehart, Timothy A. Scheffler, Brian E. Trigiano, Robert N. TI Screening and Characterization of 11 Novel Microsatellite Markers from Viburnum dilatatum SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Adoxaceae; genomic library; ornamentals; invasive species; polymorphism information content; SSRs ID CORNUS-FLORIDA; CONSTRUCTION; PHYLOGENY; LIBRARIES; PLANTS AB Viburnum dilatatum is a popular and economically important ornamental shrub. The wide range of desirable horticultural traits, paired with a propensity for seedlings to become invasive, has created interest in the genetics and breeding of this species. To investigate the genetic diversity of V. dilatatum, microsatellite loci were identified from a GT-enriched genomic library constructed from V. dilatatum 'Asian Beauty'. Eleven microsatellite loci have been characterized on a group of 16 different related V. dilatatum cultivars and hybrids. Two to 12 alleles were identified per locus, and the polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.36 to 0.87. Expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.48 to 0.88 and observed heterozygosity (H)) ranged from 0 to 0.73. This set of molecular markers also exhibited expected transferability between various V. dilatatum cultivars and two hybrids with V. japonicum. As a consequence, these markers will aid in breeding for new cultivar development, assist with early detection and screening of plants that have escaped cultivation, and are expected to help in refining the phylogenetic relationship of V. dilatatum to other species and genera within the Adoxaceae. C1 [Dean, Deborah; Wadl, Phillip A.; Ownley, Bonnie H.; Trigiano, Robert N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wang, Xinwang] Texas A&M Univ, Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. [Klingeman, William E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Rinehart, Timothy A.] ARS, USDA, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Scheffler, Brian E.] ARS, USDA, CGRU MSA Genom Lab, Stoneville, MS 39470 USA. RP Trigiano, RN (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM rtrigian@utk.edu OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-6404-7-213] FX This study was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Grant #58-6404-7-213. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 2011 VL 46 IS 11 BP 1456 EP 1459 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 850KF UT WOS:000297192800007 ER PT J AU Moran, RE Sun, YP Geng, F Zhang, DL Fazio, G AF Moran, Renae E. Sun, Youping Geng, Fang Zhang, Donglin Fazio, Gennaro TI Cold Temperature Tolerance of Trunk and Root Tissues in One- or Two-year-old Apple Rootstocks SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Malus xdomestica; controlled freezing; cold hardiness; tissue browning; LT(50) ID OKANAGAN VALLEY; HARDINESS; INJURY AB Winter injury to the root systems of fruit trees can cause significant tree losses and yield reductions in the northern regions of the United States and Canada. To compare the root and trunk cold temperature tolerance, a series of experiments were conducted using ungrafted apple rootstocks. 'Geneva (R) 11' (G.11), 'Geneva (R) 30' (G.30), 'Geneva (R) 41' (G.41), '13.2', and Budagovsky 9' (B.9) apple (Malus xdomestica Borkh.) rootstocks had root tissue hardiness similar to 'M.26', but 'Geneva 935' (G.935) had greater cold-hardiness than M.26 when based on shoot regrowth in ungrafted trees. The LT(50) of M.26 and P.2 roots ranged from -12 to -14 degrees C. The LT(50) was -13 degrees C for B.9, -13.4 to -14.6 degrees C for G.30, and -12 degrees C for G.11. The LT(50) of G.41 was one of the highest in one experiment, -8 degrees C, and one of the lowest in another, colder than -15.0 degrees C. The LT(50) of G.935 roots was the lowest and ranged from -16 to -19 degrees C. Compared with M.26, trunk cold-hardiness in December was greater in 13.9 and P.2 and was similar in G.30. Cold-hardiness of G.11 in December was mixed with less injury in the xylem but more injury in the phloem compared with M.26. In October, M.26 and G.935 trunks had little injury after exposure to -24 degrees C. C1 [Moran, Renae E.; Sun, Youping; Geng, Fang; Zhang, Donglin] Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Monmouth, ME 04259 USA. [Fazio, Gennaro] ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Moran, RE (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, POB 179, Monmouth, ME 04259 USA. EM rmoran@maine.edu FU Maine Agricultural Center; International Fruit Tree Association; New England Tree Fruit Growers Research Committee FX Funded in part by the Maine Agricultural Center, the International Fruit Tree Association, and the New England Tree Fruit Growers Research Committee. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 2011 VL 46 IS 11 BP 1460 EP 1464 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 850KF UT WOS:000297192800008 ER PT J AU Staub, JE Delannay, IY AF Staub, Jack E. Delannay, Isabelle Y. TI USDA, ARS Beit Alpha Cucumber Inbred Backcross Line Population SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cucumis sativus; genetic distance; vegetable breeding ID SATIVUS-L.; PHENOTYPIC SELECTION; GENETIC-VARIATION; QTL ANALYSIS; COMPONENTS C1 [Staub, Jack E.; Delannay, Isabelle Y.] Univ Wisconsin, ARS, USDA, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Staub, JE (reprint author), Utah State Univ, ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM jack.staub@ars.usda.gov FU Nunhems Vegetable Seeds, Haelen, The Netherlands; De Ruiter Zonen Seeds, Bergschenhoek, The Netherlands; Nickerson-Zwann BV, Made, The Netherlands; Enza Zaden Research and Development BV, Enkuizen, The Netherlands FX The creation of the germplasm described here was funded by Nunhems Vegetable Seeds, De Ruiter Zonen Seeds, Nickerson-Zwann BV, and Enza Zaden Research and Development BV, Haelen, Bergschenhoek, Made, and Enkuizen, The Netherlands, respectively. These IBL and associated markers are now being used by these companies to create improved Beit Alpha type germplasm. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 2011 VL 46 IS 11 BP 1556 EP 1559 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 850KF UT WOS:000297192800026 ER PT J AU NeSmith, DS Ehlenfeldt, MK AF NeSmith, D. Scott Ehlenfeldt, Mark K. TI 'Summer Sunset (TM)': A New Ornamental Blueberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Vaccinium hybrid; fruit breeding; cultivar; edible ornamental C1 [NeSmith, D. Scott] Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Ehlenfeldt, Mark K.] Rutgers State Univ, USDA ARS, Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res & Extens, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. RP NeSmith, DS (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Griffin Campus,1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM snesmith@griffin.uga.edu NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 2011 VL 46 IS 11 BP 1560 EP 1561 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 850KF UT WOS:000297192800027 ER PT J AU Hanula, JL Horn, S AF Hanula, James L. Horn, Scott TI Removing an invasive shrub (Chinese privet) increases native bee diversity and abundance in riparian forests of the southeastern United States SO INSECT CONSERVATION AND DIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE Apoidea; diversity; forest; invasive plant; pollination services; pollinator ID PLANT-POLLINATOR INTERACTIONS; PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE; VISITING INSECTS; COMMUNITIES; ASSOCIATIONS; DISTURBANCE; COMPETITION; CONGENER AB 1. Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense Lour.) was removed from riparian forests in the Piedmont of Georgia in November 2005 by mulching with a track-mounted mulching machine or by chainsaw felling. The remaining privet in the herbaceous layer was killed with herbicide in December 2006. 2. Bee (Hymentoptera: Apoidea) abundance, diversity and community similarity in the forests were measured for 2 years after shrub removal and compared with heavily invaded controls and with non-invaded forests (desired future condition) using pan traps. 3. In 2006, control plots averaged 8.8 species and 34.8 bees per plot. Privet mulching resulted in 32.5 bee species and 418.3 bees per plot, and privet felling plots had 29 species and 259 bees per plot. In 2007, control plots averaged only10 species per plot and 32.8 bees per plot, while mulched and felled plots had 48 and 38 species per plot and 658.2 and 382.5 bees per plot, respectively. 4. The bee community on untreated control plots was dissimilar from the communities on privet felling, mulched and desired future condition plots during both years; however, by 2007, desired future condition, felling and mulched plots had similar bee communities. 5. Removal of an invasive shrub provided immediate benefits for native pollinators and resulted in bee communities similar to non-invaded forests even without further restoration of native plant communities. C1 [Hanula, James L.; Horn, Scott] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hanula, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jhanula@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service; Special Technology Development Program FX We thank Randy Smith (Sandy Creek Nature Center), Jim Affolter (State Botanical Garden of Georgia), Mike Hunter (Warnell School of Forest Resources) and BillNightingale (Oconee National Forest) for allowing us to work on the properties they manage. Mike Cody, Chris Crowe, Danny Dyer, Michele Frank, John Taylor, Jared Swain and Mike Ulyshen helped us with plot setup, privet control and sampling. We are also grateful to Mike Ulyshen for providing helpful suggestions on early drafts of this paper. Finally, we thank the USDA Forest Service, Special Technology Development Program for funding the work. The use of trade names in this publication does not imply endorsement of any product or service by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 85 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-458X EI 1752-4598 J9 INSECT CONSERV DIVER JI Insect. Conserv. Divers. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 4 IS 4 BP 275 EP 283 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4598.2011.00131.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Entomology GA 847MZ UT WOS:000296978300005 ER PT J AU Kudva, IT Dean-Nystrom, EA AF Kudva, I. T. Dean-Nystrom, E. A. TI Bovine recto-anal junction squamous epithelial (RSE) cell adhesion assay for studying Escherichia coli O157 adherence SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacterial adherence; bovine; O157; RAJ; squamous epithelial cells ID TISSUE-CULTURE CELLS; TYPE-1 FIMBRIAE; IN-VITRO; BACTERIAL ADHESION; TERMINAL RECTUM; FEEDLOT CATTLE; COLONIZATION; STRAINS; BINDING; INTIMIN AB Aim: To develop a new adherence assay, using cattle recto-anal junction squamous epithelial (RSE) cells, for evaluating bacterial adherence to cells of bovine origin. Methods and Results: Proof of concept was demonstrated using the human gastrointestinal pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7, for which cattle are reservoirs. Adherence assays were conducted using both RSE and HEp-2 cells, in the presence and absence of D+Mannose. E. coli O157 specifically adhered in a type I fimbriae-independent manner to RSE cells in significantly higher numbers and also bound significantly higher numbers of RSE cells than diverse laboratory strains of nonpathogenic E. coli. Conclusion: The RSE cell adhesion assay output highly reproducible and interpretable results that compared very well with those obtained using the more extensively used HEp-2 cell adherence assay. Significance and Impact of the study: The RSE cell adhesion assay provides a convenient means of directly defining and evaluating pathogen factors operating at the bovine recto-anal junction. The RSE cell adhesion assay further has the potential for extrapolation to diverse bacteria, including food-borne pathogens that colonize cattle via adherence to this particular anatomical site. C1 [Kudva, I. T.; Dean-Nystrom, E. A.] ARS, Food Safety & Enter Pathogens Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Kudva, IT (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety & Enter Pathogens Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 1 N,Bldg 20 1121, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Indira.Kudva@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 111 IS 5 BP 1283 EP 1294 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05139.x PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 848BE UT WOS:000297020900024 PM 21883734 ER PT J AU Leijon, M Ullman, K Thyselius, S Zohari, S Pedersen, JC Hanna, A Mahmood, S Banks, J Slomka, MJ Belak, S AF Leijon, Mikael Ullman, Karin Thyselius, Susanna Zohari, Siamak Pedersen, Janice C. Hanna, Amanda Mahmood, Sahar Banks, Jill Slomka, Marek J. Belak, Sandoor TI Rapid PCR-Based Molecular Pathotyping of H5 and H7 Avian Influenza Viruses SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMAGGLUTININ CLEAVAGE SITE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; WILD BIRDS; A VIRUSES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; SEQUENCE; RECOMBINATION; PATHOGENICITY AB While the majority of avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes are classified as low-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (LPAIV), the H5 and H7 subtypes have the ability to mutate to highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) in poultry and therefore are the etiological agents of notifiable AIV (NAIV). It is of great importance to distinguish HPAIV from LPAIV variants during H5/H7 outbreaks and surveillance. To this end, a novel and fast strategy for the molecular pathotyping of H5/H7 AIVs is presented. The differentiation of the characteristic hemagglutinin (HA) protein cleavage sites (CSs) of HPAIVs and LPAIVs is achieved by a novel PCR method where the samples are interrogated for all existing CSs with a 484-plex primer mixture directly targeting the CS region. CSs characteristic for HP or LP H5/H7 viruses are distinguished in a seminested duplex real-time PCR format using plexor fluorogenic primers. Eighty-six laboratory isolates and 60 characterized NAIV-positive clinical specimens from poultry infected with H5/H7 both experimentally and in the field were successfully pathotyped in the validation. The method has the potential to substitute CS sequencing in the HA gene for the determination of the molecular pathotype, thereby providing a rapid means to acquire additional information concerning NAIV outbreaks, which may be critical to their management. The new assay may be extended to the LP/HP differentiation of previously unknown H5/H7 isolates. It may be considered for integration into surveillance and control programs in both domestic and wild bird populations. C1 [Leijon, Mikael; Ullman, Karin; Thyselius, Susanna; Zohari, Siamak; Belak, Sandoor] Natl Vet Inst SVA, Dept Virol Immunobiol & Parasitol, SE-75189 Uppsala, Sweden. [Pedersen, Janice C.] USDA, Avian Viruses Sect, Diagnost Virol Lab, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA USA. [Hanna, Amanda; Mahmood, Sahar; Banks, Jill; Slomka, Marek J.] AHVLA Weybridge, Dept Virol, Addlestone, Surrey, England. [Belak, Sandoor] Swedish Univ Agr Sci SLU, Dept Biomed Sci & Vet Publ Hlth, Uppsala, Sweden. [Leijon, Mikael; Thyselius, Susanna; Zohari, Siamak; Belak, Sandoor] Natl Vet Inst, Joint R&D Div Virol, SE-75189 Uppsala, Sweden. [Leijon, Mikael; Thyselius, Susanna; Zohari, Siamak; Belak, Sandoor] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, OIE Collaborating Ctr Biotechnol Based Diag Infec, SE-75189 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Leijon, M (reprint author), Natl Vet Inst SVA, Dept Virol Immunobiol & Parasitol, Ulls Vag 2B, SE-75189 Uppsala, Sweden. EM mikael.leijon@sva.se RI Slomka, Marek/D-8012-2011; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010; Hanna, Amanda/D-8522-2011; OI Zohari, Siamak/0000-0002-0017-4233 FU Excellence of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; EU [SSPE-CT-2007-044429, Home/2009/ISEC/AG/191]; FORMAS [159-2003-1824, 221-2007-935 502, 221-2006-2169]; Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency [2:4 Krisberedskap]; European Commission-Directorate General Home Affairs FX This work was supported by the Award of Excellence of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (2007) granted to S. B., the EU grant FLUTEST (SSPE-CT-2007-044429), FORMAS grants 159-2003-1824, 221-2007-935 502, and 221-2006-2169, a grant from the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (2:4 Krisberedskap), and a grant in the framework of the EU project AniBioThreat (grant agreement Home/2009/ISEC/AG/191) with the financial support from the Prevention of and Fight against Crime Programme of the European Union, European Commission-Directorate General Home Affairs. NR 69 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 49 IS 11 BP 3860 EP 3873 DI 10.1128/JCM.01179-11 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 842RM UT WOS:000296617300023 PM 21900520 ER PT J AU Harrison, L Brown, C Afonso, C Zhang, J Susta, L AF Harrison, L. Brown, C. Afonso, C. Zhang, J. Susta, L. TI Early Occurrence of Apoptosis in Lymphoid Tissues from Chickens Infected with Strains of Newcastle Disease Virus of Varying Virulence SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; chicken; lymphoid tissue; Newcastle disease virus ID DOMESTIC CHICKENS; EXOTIC BIRDS; PATHOGENESIS; CELLS; PROTEIN; MECHANISMS; INDUCTION; DEPLETION; POULTRY; DEATH AB Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the causative agent of Newcastle disease, is a prevalent problem in the poultry industry and often the cause of severe economic loss. There are many strains of the virus and these have varying virulence. The most virulent strains cause systemic lesions of lymphoid tissues, with necrosis and severe lymphoid depletion. Less virulent strains do not cause as much necrosis, but may predispose to secondary infection with other pathogens. Apoptosis or programmed cell death, has been demonstrated to play a role in the pathogenesis of other paramyxovirus infections, notably those caused by measles and canine distemper viruses. To investigate the role of apoptosis in lymphoid organs during NDV infection, immunohistochemistry for determination of expression of caspase-3, a marker of imminent apoptosis, was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin wax-embedded tissues (spleen, thymus, caecal tonsils and bursa of Fabricius) from 4-week-old chickens infected with NDV strains of varying virulence 2 days previously. The amount of apoptosis was proportional to the severity of the clinical disease elicited by the strains. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Harrison, L.; Brown, C.; Zhang, J.; Susta, L.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Afonso, C.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Susta, L (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM lsusta@uga.edu NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 145 IS 4 BP 327 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.jcpa.2011.03.005 PG 9 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 848UZ UT WOS:000297081900002 PM 21511269 ER PT J AU Behle, RW Flor-Weiler, LB Bharadwaj, A Stafford, KC AF Behle, Robert W. Flor-Weiler, Lina B. Bharadwaj, Anuja Stafford, Kirby C., III TI A Formulation to Encapsulate Nootkatone for Tick Control SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nootkatone; formulation; ticks; Ixodes scapularis; blacklegged tick ID SPRAY-DRIED FORMULATIONS; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; ACARI IXODIDAE; ESSENTIAL OIL; TETRAHYDRONOOTKATONE; CONSTITUENTS; GRAPEFRUIT AB Nootkatone is a component of grapefruit oil that is toxic to the disease-vectoring tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, but unfortunately causes phytotoxicity to treated plants and has a short residual activity due to volatility. We prepared a lignin-encapsulated nootkatone formulation to compare with a previously used emulsifiable formulation for volatility, plant phytotoxicity, and toxicity to unfed nymphs of I. scapularis. Volatility of nootkatone was measured directly by trapping nootkatone vapor in a closed system and indirectly by measuring nootkatone residue on treated filter paper after exposure to simulated sunlight (Xenon). After 24 h in the closed system, traps collected only 15% of the nootkatone applied as the encapsulated formulation compared with 40% applied as the emulsifiable formulation. After a 1-h light exposure, the encapsulated formulation retained 92% of the nootkatone concentration compared with only 26% retained by the emulsifiable formulation. For plant phytotoxicity, cabbage, Brassica oleracea L., leaves treated with the encapsulated formulation expressed less necrosis, retaining greater leaf weight compared with leaves treated with the emusifiable formulation. The nootkatone in the emulsifiable formulation was absorbed by cabbage and oat, Avena sativa L., plants (41 and 60% recovered 2 h after application, respectively), as opposed to 100% recovery from the plants treated with encapsulated nootkatone. Using a treated vial technique, encapsulated nootkatone was significantly more toxic to I. scapularis nymphs (LC(50) = 20 ng/cm(2)) compared with toxicity of the emulsifiable formulation (LC(50) = 35 ng/cm(2)). Thus, the encapsulation of nootkatone improved toxicity for tick control, reduced nootkatone volatility, and reduced plant phytotoxicity. C1 [Behle, Robert W.; Flor-Weiler, Lina B.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Bharadwaj, Anuja; Stafford, Kirby C., III] Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. RP Behle, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM robert.behle@ars.usda.gov FU CDC [1U01CK000110-01] FX We recognize Alyssa Wetterauer for technical contributions throughout this research. This research was funded as partial fulfillment of CDC grant 1U01CK000110-01. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1120 EP 1127 DI 10.1603/ME10282 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 849QK UT WOS:000297140000004 PM 22238870 ER PT J AU Geden, C Garcia-Maruniak, A Lietze, VU Maruniak, J Boucias, DG AF Geden, C. Garcia-Maruniak, A. Lietze, V. U. Maruniak, J. Boucias, D. G. TI Impact of House Fly Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus (MdSGHV) on a Heterologous Host, Stomoxys calcitrans SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stable fly; housefly salivary gland hypertrophy virus; polymerase chain reaction ID MUSCA-DOMESTICA; STABLE FLY; TREATED TARGETS; FLIES DIPTERA; DNA VIRUS; MUSCIDAE; PREVALENCE; BEHAVIOR AB The effect of Musca domestica salivary gland hypertrophy virus (MdSGHV) on selected fitness parameters of stable flies, Stamoxys calcitrans (L.), was examined in the laboratory. Virus-injected stable flies of both genders suffered substantially higher mortality than control flies. By day 9, female mortality was 59.3 +/- 10.1% in the virus group compared with 23.7 +/- 3.7% in the controls; mortality in virus-injected males was 78.1 +/- 3.1% compared with 33.3 +/- 9.3% for controls. Fecundity of control flies on days 6-9 was 49-54 eggs deposited per live female per day (total, 8,996 eggs deposited), whereas virus-injected flies produced four to five eggs per female on days 6-7 and less then one egg per female per day thereafter (total, 251 eggs). Fecal spot deposition by virus-injected flies was comparable to controls initially but decreased to approximate to 50% of control levels by day 4 after injection; infected flies produced only 26% as many fecal spots as healthy flies on days 6 and 7. None of the virus-injected stable flies developed symptoms of salivary gland hypertrophy. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated virus replication in injected stable flies, with increasing titers of virus genome copies from one to four days after injection. MdSGHV in stable flies displayed tissue tropism similar to that observed in house fly hosts, with higher viral copy numbers in fat body and salivary glands compared with ovaries. Virus titers were approximate to 2 orders of magnitude higher in house fly than in stable fly hosts, and this difference was probably due to the absence of salivary gland hypertrophy in the latter species. C1 [Geden, C.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Garcia-Maruniak, A.; Lietze, V. U.; Maruniak, J.; Boucias, D. G.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Geden, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM chris.geden@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/NM [2007-35302-18127] FX We thank M. Doyle and H. Furlong for providing flies for these studies and Karen Kelley (UF-ICBR EM, Gainesville, FL) for assistance during electron microscopy. Financial support was provided in part by USDA/NM grant 2007-35302-18127. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1128 EP 1135 DI 10.1603/ME11021 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 849QK UT WOS:000297140000005 PM 22238871 ER PT J AU Britch, SC Linthicum, KJ Walker, TW Farooq, M Gordon, SW Clark, JW Ngere, F Ngonga, D Chepchieng, C AF Britch, Seth C. Linthicum, Kenneth J. Walker, Todd W. Farooq, Muhammad Gordon, Scott W. Clark, Jeffrey W. Ngere, Francis Ngonga, Daniel Chepchieng, Clifford TI Evaluation of ULV Applications Against Old World Sand Fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) Species in Equatorial Kenya SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Marigat; Kenya; phlebotomine sand fly; Fyfanon; Duet; Deployed War Fighter Protection Program ID BARINGO DISTRICT; VECTOR CONTROL; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; PHLEBOTOMINE SANDFLIES; BARRIER TREATMENTS; MOSQUITO-CONTROL; ANIMAL BURROWS; INSECTICIDES; MILITARY; MARIGAT AB Reducing populations of phlebotomine sand flies in areas prevalent for human leishmaniases is of ongoing importance to United States military operations and civilian populations in endemic regions. However, not enough is known regarding the efficacy of Department of Defense-approved pesticides and equipment against sand flies; specifically, the potential for ultra-low volume (ULV) pesticide applications to control Old World sand fly vectors. In this study we examine two sprayers, the Terminator ULV and the Grizzly ULV, with UV-labeled Duet and Fyfanon in four combinations against caged Phlebotomus duboscqi (Neveu-Lemaire) and wild sand fly populations in a natural environment in western Kenya. All equipment and Fyfanon have United States military National Stock Numbers and both pesticides are registered with the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Caged sand flies were reared from local P. duboscqi and the area has long been studied because of high incidences of human cutaneous and visceral Leishmania. Patterns of mortality across grids of caged sand flies showed greater efficacy from the Grizzly ULV regardless of chemical. The Terminator ULV performed well with Duet but with a less uniform and overall lower rate of mortality across the spray grid. Sampling of wild populations before and after treatments suggested local population suppression from ULV treatments, as well as a possible repellent effect in nearby untreated areas. Surprisingly, ULV active ingredient deposition inferred from patterns of UV-labeled droplets captured on cotton ribbons adjacent to sand fly cages in spray plots did not match patterns of mortality. We discuss the implications of this study, the first of its kind, for future military preventive medicine activities, including relative performance costs and benefits of larger or smaller sprayers, and the relative stability of ULV-induced mortality patterns in varied or sub-optimal conditions. C1 [Britch, Seth C.; Linthicum, Kenneth J.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Walker, Todd W.; Farooq, Muhammad] USN, Navy Entomol Ctr Excellence, Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. [Gordon, Scott W.; Clark, Jeffrey W.; Ngere, Francis; Ngonga, Daniel; Chepchieng, Clifford] USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, Unit 64109, Dpo, AE 09831 USA. RP Britch, SC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM seth.britch@ars.usda.gov FU Department of Defense (DoD); U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K) FX This research was supported by the Department of Defense (DoD) through the Deployed War Fighter Protection Program, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service. The Grizzly ULV and Duet were kindly provided by Clarke Mosquito Control, Inc.; Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the DoD, the U.S. Navy, or the U.S. Army. Technicians from the U.S. Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K) provided expert assistance and support in the field. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1145 EP 1159 DI 10.1603/ME11025 PG 15 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 849QK UT WOS:000297140000007 PM 22238873 ER PT J AU Allen, LH Kakani, VG Vu, JCV Boote, KJ AF Allen, Leon Hartwell, Jr. Kakani, Vijaya Gopal Vu, Joseph C. V. Boote, Kenneth J. TI Elevated CO2 increases water use efficiency by sustaining photosynthesis of water-limited maize and sorghum SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Canopy gas exchange; C-4 photosynthesis; Drought stress; Elevated CO2; Maize; Sorghum; Water use efficiency ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; C-4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GAS-EXCHANGE; ZEA-MAYS; GROWTH; ENRICHMENT; PLANTS; TEMPERATURE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB Maize and grain sorghum seeds were sown in pots and grown for 39 days in sunlit controlled-environment chambers at 360 (ambient) and 720 (double-ambient, elevated) mu mol mol(-1) carbon dioxide concentrations [CO2]. Canopy net photosynthesis (PS) and evapotranspiration (TR) was measured throughout and summarized daily from 08:00 to 17:00 h Eastern Standard Time. Irrigation was withheld from matched pairs of treatments starting on 26 days after sowing (DAS). By 35 DAS, cumulative PS of drought-stress maize, compared to well-watered plants, was 41% lower under ambient [CO2] but only 13% lower under elevated [CO2]. In contrast, by 35 DAS, cumulative PS of drought-stress grain sorghum, compared to well-watered plants, was only 9% lower under ambient [CO2] and 7% lower under elevated [CO2]. During the 27-35 DAS drought period, water use efficiency (WUE, mol CO2 Kmol(-1) H2O), was 3.99, 3.88, 5.50, and 8.65 for maize and 3.75, 4.43, 5.26, and 9.94 for grain sorghum, for ambient-[CO2] well-watered, ambient-[CO2] stressed, elevated-[CO2] well-watered and elevated-[CO2] stressed plants, respectively. Young plants of maize and sorghum used water more efficiently at elevated [CO2] than at ambient [CO2], especially under drought. Reductions in biomass by drought for young maize and grain sorghum plants were 42 and 36% at ambient [CO2], compared to 18 and 14% at elevated [CO2], respectively. Results of our water stress experiment demonstrated that maintenance of relatively high canopy photosynthetic rates in the face of decreased transpiration rates enhanced WUE in plants grown at elevated [CO2]. This confirms experimental evidence and conceptual models that suggest that an increase of intercellular [CO2] (or a sustained intercellular [CO2]) in the face of decreased stomatal conductance results in relative increases of growth of C-4 plants. In short, drought stress in C-4 crop plants can be ameliorated at elevated [CO2] as a result of lower stomatal conductance and sustaining intercellular [CO2]. Furthermore, less water might be required for C-4 crops in future higher CO2 atmospheres, assuming weather and climate similar to present conditions. (C) 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Allen, Leon Hartwell, Jr.; Vu, Joseph C. V.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Chem Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Allen, Leon Hartwell, Jr.; Kakani, Vijaya Gopal; Vu, Joseph C. V.; Boote, Kenneth J.] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Allen, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Chem Res Unit, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM Hartwell.Allen@ars.usda.gov RI Kakani, Vijaya Gopal/J-4214-2013; OI Kakani, Vijaya Gopal/0000-0002-7925-4809; Boote, Kenneth/0000-0002-1358-5496 NR 34 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 10 U2 103 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 168 IS 16 BP 1909 EP 1918 DI 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.05.005 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 847BC UT WOS:000296945900005 PM 21676489 ER PT J AU Post, RC Haven, J Maniscalco, S AF Post, Robert C. Haven, Jackie Maniscalco, Shelley TI Setting the Table with a Healthy Plate: Make Half Your Plate Fruits and Vegetables SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Post, Robert C.; Haven, Jackie] USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Mkt & Commun Div, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Post, RC (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Mkt & Commun Div, Alexandria, VA USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 120 S RIVERSIDE PLZ, STE 2000, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 111 IS 11 BP 1644 EP + DI 10.1016/j.jada.2011.09.040 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 847BK UT WOS:000296946700003 PM 22027042 ER PT J AU Crane, NT Juan, WY Goldman, JD Ellwood, KC Schneeman, BO AF Crane, Nancy T. Juan, Wenyen Goldman, Joseph D. Ellwood, Kathleen C. Schneeman, Barbara O. TI National Nutrition Objectives and 10-Year Targets: Perspectives on Their Basis and Evolution SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 [Schneeman, Barbara O.] US FDA, Off Nutr Labeling & Dietary Supplements HFS 800, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Goldman, Joseph D.] ARS, Food Surveys Res Grp, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Crane, NT (reprint author), US FDA, Off Nutr Labeling & Dietary Supplements HFS 830, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM nancy.crane@fda.hhs.gov NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 120 S RIVERSIDE PLZ, STE 2000, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 111 IS 11 BP 1660 EP 1669 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2011.08.010 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 847BK UT WOS:000296946700008 PM 22027047 ER PT J AU Jepsen, EPB Keane, JJ Ernest, HB AF Jepsen, Eric P. B. Keane, John J. Ernest, Holly B. TI Winter Distribution and Conservation Status of the Sierra Nevada Great Gray Owl SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE geographic distribution; great gray owl; habitat; habitat conservation; MAXENT; predictive modeling; Sierra Nevada; Strix nebulosa ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; SAMPLE-SIZE; PERFORMANCE; COEFFICIENT; CALIFORNIA; VEGETATION; AGREEMENT; ACCURACY; NUMBERS; MODELS AB Little information is available on the winter ecology of the small, geographically isolated, genetically-unique population of great gray owls (Strix nebulosa) in the central Sierra Nevada, California. This population is comprised of facultative, elevational winter migrants and access to winter habitat is an important component of their ecology. Winter observations and remotely sensed habitat variables were used to inform a predictive model of the environmental requirements and geographic distribution of this owl population. Using the modeled distribution map we assessed the distribution of 20% probability of occurrence classes relative to owl habitat associations, ownership, current development, and projected future development patterns. Our findings indicate that high probability class (81-100%) areas and the broader joint medium/medium-high/high probability class (41-100%) areas are uncommon on the landscape (0.2% and 5.0% of study area, respectively). High probability areas were characterized by Sierran Yellow Pine forest surrounding relatively small, flat areas of grassland, wet meadow, and riparian habitats, within the mid-elevation range. Approximately 32% of the high probability areas and 48% of the medium/medium-high/high probability areas occur on private lands. Of the areas on private lands, 32% of the high probability and 42% of the medium/medium-high/high probability areas occur on currently developed lands. Projected future development on private lands indicated that an additional 12% of the high and 18% of medium/medium-high/high suitability areas are slated for development by the year 2040. Future conservation planning efforts for the great gray owl in the Sierra Nevada will need to address management issues on both public and private lands. For future planning of development projects around great gray owl wintering habitat, the results from our study supplement current knowledge of breeding distributions to provide land and wildlife managers guidance on conservation priorities. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Jepsen, Eric P. B.; Ernest, Holly B.] Univ Calif Davis, Vet Genet Lab, Wildlife & Ecol Unit, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Keane, John J.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ernest, Holly B.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Jepsen, EPB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Vet Genet Lab, Wildlife & Ecol Unit, Sch Vet Med, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM hbernest@ucdavis.edu OI /0000-0002-0205-8818 FU California Department of Fish and Game; U.S. Forest Service FX We thank the California Department of Fish and Game (G. Gould, S. Hooper), U. S. Forest Service Region 5 and Pacific Southwest Research Station (R. Gerrard, R. Bridgeman, A. Rich, P. Krueger, C. Gallagher, J. Medley, R. Byrnes) the U. S. National Park Service (S. Thompson, J. Maurer, S. Stock), the UC Davis Veterinary Genetics Laboratory (N. Pedersen, J. Hull), J. Winter, and many others for their assistance and advice. Financial support for this project came in part from the California Department of Fish and Game and the U.S. Forest Service. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 75 IS 8 BP 1678 EP 1687 DI 10.1002/jwmg.239 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 840FQ UT WOS:000296424900002 ER PT J AU Moriarty, KM Zielinski, WJ Forsman, ED AF Moriarty, Katie M. Zielinski, William J. Forsman, Eric D. TI Decline in American Marten Occupancy Rates at Sagehen Experimental Forest, California SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American marten; California; fragmentation; habitat loss; Martes americana; Sagehen Experimental Forest ID YOSEMITE-NATIONAL-PARK; LANDSCAPE PATTERN; WESTERN-HEMISPHERE; HABITAT SELECTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SIERRA-NEVADA; CARNIVORES; IMPACTS; MAMMALS; USA AB We compared the distribution and frequency of American marten (Martes americana) detections during historic surveys and a recent survey on the Sagehen Experimental Forest (SEF) in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California. This area has been the location of 9 previous marten surveys during 1980-1993, each involving a systematic detection/non-detection survey on the same grid. These data are a time series of information on the occupancy of martens that can be related to habitat change in the study area. Our objectives were to 1) resurvey martens in SEF using methodology similar to previous studies to assess current marten occupancy; 2) evaluate changes in marten occupancy during the period 1980-2008; and 3) examine associations between marten occurence and changes in habitat and landscape metrics. Current marten occupancy was estimated using surveys conducted in summer 2007, winter 2007-2008, and summer 2008. From 1978 to 2007 there was a decrease in predicted habitat patch size, core area, and total amount of marten habitat in the study area, as well as an increase in distance between patches. Marten detections in 2007-2008 were approximately 60% lower than in surveys in the 1980s. We detected no martens in the summers of 2007 and 2008, and 10 detections in winter 2007-2008 were limited to higher elevations in the southwestern portion of SEF. No martens were detected in the lower elevations where most of the recent forest management activity occurred. We suggest that the marten population at SEF has been negatively affected by the loss and fragmentation of habitat. We recommend that future management of forests in the Sagehen basin focus on restoring and connecting residual marten habitat to improve habitat quality for martens. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Moriarty, Katie M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Zielinski, William J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95221 USA. [Forsman, Eric D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Moriarty, KM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ktmoriarty22@gmail.com FU U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station; USDA Forest Service Southwest Region; Western Section of The Wildlife Society (TWS); Sacramento-Shasta TWS Chapter; California North Coast TWS Chapter; USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station (Forestry Sciences Laboratory) FX Funding was provided by U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service Southwest Region, the Western Section of The Wildlife Society (TWS), the Sacramento-Shasta TWS Chapter, and the California North Coast TWS Chapter. Additional funding, logistical support, and publication costs were provided by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station (Forestry Sciences Laboratory). The biologists and staff of the Tahoe National Forest, Truckee and Sierraville Ranger Districts provided invaluable aid with field survey logistics and access to historical records. W. D. Spencer and S. K. Martin provided previous marten survey information and advice. The Station Managers at SEF (J. Brown and F. Felix) provided logistic support. J. J. Battles and staff at University of California, Berkeley contributed plot and vegetation data. The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided survey equipment. J. D. Bailey and R. G. Anthony provided advice throughout the project. We thank K. M. Boatner, C. A. Wilson, S. Hallowell, T. Mark, C. Price, S. Falvey, F. V. Schlexer, and J. Warren for logistical assistance, and I. D. MacKay, J. C. Arsenault, E. E. Hamblen, M. E. Colberg, K. Glinka, K. Kilpatrick, N. R. Edmison, K. Sellmer, and R. Kussow for their hard work in the field. M. A. Linnell and E. E. Hamblen provided helpful comments on the work. Lastly, we would like to thank all of the field technicians and volunteers who helped conduct surveys in 1980-1993. They made our study possible. NR 73 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 75 IS 8 BP 1774 EP 1787 DI 10.1002/jwmg.228 PG 14 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 840FQ UT WOS:000296424900012 ER PT J AU Qin, H Gu, Q Zhang, JL Sun, L Kuppu, S Zhang, YZ Burow, M Payton, P Blumwald, E Zhang, H AF Qin, Hua Gu, Qiang Zhang, Junling Sun, Li Kuppu, Sundaram Zhang, Yizheng Burow, Mark Payton, Paxton Blumwald, Eduardo Zhang, Hong TI Regulated Expression of an Isopentenyltransferase Gene (IPT) in Peanut Significantly Improves Drought Tolerance and Increases Yield Under Field Conditions SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Crop improvement; Drought resistance; Isopentenyltransferase; P(SARK); Peanut; Transgenic plants ID GENETICALLY-ENGINEERED PLANTS; ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA L.; TRANSCRIPTION-FACTOR; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; LEAF SENESCENCE; INDUCIBLE EXPRESSION; SCIENTISTS ANALYSIS; ABIOTIC STRESS; GRAIN-YIELD; WATER AB Isopentenyltransferase (IPT) is a critical enzyme in the cytokinin biosynthetic pathway. The expression of IPT under the control of a maturation- and stress-induced promoter was shown to delay stress-induced plant senescence that resulted in an enhanced drought tolerance in both monocot and dicot plants. This report extends the earlier findings in tobacco and rice to peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), an important oil crop and protein source. Regulated expression of IPT in peanut significantly improved drought tolerance in both laboratory and field conditions. Transgenic peanut plants maintained higher photosynthetic rates, higher stomatal conductance and higher transpiration than wild-type control plants under reduced irrigation conditions. More importantly, transgenic peanut plants produced significantly higher yields than wild-type control plants in the field, indicating a great potential for the development of crops with improved performance and yield in water-limited areas of the world. C1 [Gu, Qiang; Sun, Li; Kuppu, Sundaram; Zhang, Hong] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Qin, Hua; Zhang, Yizheng] Sichuan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan Provinc, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Junling; Burow, Mark] Texas A&M Univ, Texas AgriLife Res Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Payton, Paxton] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Blumwald, Eduardo] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM hong.zhang@ttu.edu FU Texas Peanut Producers Board; National Peanut Producers Board; Texas Department of Agriculture; China Scholarship Council FX This research was supported by the Texas Peanut Producers Board; National Peanut Producers Board; Texas Department of Agriculture; the China Scholarship Council [a 1-year fellowship to Texas Tech University to H. Q.]. NR 39 TC 50 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 32 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 52 IS 11 BP 1904 EP 1914 DI 10.1093/pcp/pcr125 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 848JA UT WOS:000297046600002 PM 21920877 ER PT J AU Casteel, J Miernyk, JA Thelen, JJ AF Casteel, Jill Miernyk, Jan A. Thelen, Jay J. TI Mapping the lipoylation site of Arabidopsis thaliana plastidial dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase using mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; Dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase; Plastid; Lipoic acid; Lipoylation; Mass spectrometry ID PYRUVATE-DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LIPOIC ACID; MULTIENZYME COMPLEX; PROTEIN; SEQUENCE; SUBUNIT; DOMAIN; MITOCHONDRIA; METABOLISM AB Catalytic enhancement achieved by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) results from a combination of substrate channeling plus active-site coupling. The mechanism for active-site coupling involves lipoic acid prosthetic groups covalently attached to Lys in the primary sequence of the dihydrolipoyl S-acetyltransferase (E2) component. Arabidopsis thaliana plastidial E2 (AtplE2-1A-His(6)) was expressed in Escherichia coli. Analysis of recombinant protein by SDS-PAGE revealed a Mr 59,000 band. Supplementation of bacterial culture medium with L-lipoic acid (LA) shifted the band to Mr 57,000. Intact mass determinations using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) revealed the faster migrating E2 species was 189 Da larger than the slower migrating form, exactly the difference that would result from addition of a single lipoamide group. Results from systematic MALDI-TOF analysis of Lys-containing tryptic peptides derived from purified recombinant AtplE2-1A indicate that Lys96 is the site of lipoyl-addition. Analysis of Lys96 site-directed mutant proteins showed that they migrated as single species during SDS-PAGE when expressed in either the absence or presence of supplemental LA. Results from both intact and tryptic peptide mass determinations by MALDI-TOF MS confirmed that the mutant proteins were not lipoylated. The A. thaliana plastidial E2 subunit includes a single lipoyl-prosthetic group covalently attached to Lys96. Despite low primary sequence identity with bacterial E2, the plant E2 protein was recognized and modified by E. coli E2 lipoyl-addition system. Results from meta-genomic analysis suggest a beta-turn is more important in defining the site for LA addition than a conserved sequence motif. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Casteel, Jill; Miernyk, Jan A.; Thelen, Jay J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Life Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Miernyk, Jan A.] Univ Missouri, ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Thelen, JJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Life Sci Ctr 109, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM jillcasteel@hotmail.com; Jan.Miernyk@ars.usda.gov; ThelenJ@Missouri.edu NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 49 IS 11 BP 1355 EP 1361 DI 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.07.001 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 847UH UT WOS:000296997500014 PM 21798751 ER PT J AU Davis, AS Ross-Davis, AL Dumroese, RK AF Davis, Anthony S. Ross-Davis, Amy L. Dumroese, R. Kasten TI Nursery Culture Impacts Cold Hardiness in Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris) Seedlings SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE freeze-induced electrolyte leakage; nursery production; seedling quality ID PICEA-MARIANA SEEDLINGS; FROST HARDINESS; GROWTH; SIZE AB Success in restoring longleaf pine ecosystems depends on outplanting high-quality longleaf pine seedlings. One important and relatively understudied attribute of seedling quality is cold hardiness. A suite of trials was conducted to investigate the influence of common nursery cultural practices on longleaf pine cold hardiness. Cold hardiness was increased with higher rates of nitrogen, unaffected by copper coating containers, greater for foliage than for root-collar tissue, and tended to increase with increases in container size. C1 [Davis, Anthony S.] Univ Idaho, Ctr Forest Nursery & Seedling Res, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Ross-Davis, Amy L.; Dumroese, R. Kasten] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Davis, AS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Ctr Forest Nursery & Seedling Res, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM asdavis@uidaho.edu FU USDA Forest Service; University of Idaho Center for Forest Nursery and Seedling Research FX Funding was provided by the USDA Forest Service Regeneration, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources program and the University of Idaho Center for Forest Nursery and Seedling Research. K. Herriman, R. Keefe, N. Robertson, and J. Pinto assisted with seedling production, data collection, and manuscript preparation. Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 19 IS 6 BP 717 EP 719 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2011.00814.x PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 848TS UT WOS:000297078600007 ER PT J AU Scharf, PC Shannon, DK Palm, HL Sudduth, KA Drummond, ST Kitchen, NR Mueller, LJ Hubbard, VC Oliveira, LF AF Scharf, Peter C. Shannon, D. Kent Palm, Harlan L. Sudduth, Kenneth A. Drummond, Scott T. Kitchen, Newell R. Mueller, Larry J. Hubbard, Victoria C. Oliveira, Luciane F. TI Sensor-Based Nitrogen Applications Out-Performed Producer-Chosen Rates for Corn in On-Farm Demonstrations SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID YIELD RESPONSE; USE EFFICIENCY; SOIL NITRATE; NEED; RECOMMENDATIONS; FERTILIZATION; REQUIREMENTS; MANAGEMENT; COLOR; WHEAT AB Optimal N fertilizer rate for corn (Zea mays L.) and other crops can vary substantially within and among fields. Current N management practices do not address this variability. Crop reflectance sensors off er the potential to diagnose crop N need and control N application rates at a fine spatial scale. Our objective was to evaluate the performance of sensor-based variable-rate N applications to corn, relative to constant N rates chosen by the producer. Fifty-five replicated on-farm demonstrations were conducted from 2004 to 2008. Sensors were installed on the producer's N application equipment and used to direct variable-rate sidedress N applications to corn at growth stages ranging from V6 to V16. A fixed N rate chosen by the cooperating producer was also applied. Relative to the producer's N rate, sensors increased partial profit by $42 ha(-1) (P = 0.0007) and yield by 110 kg ha(-1) (P = 0.18) while reducing N use by 16 kg N ha(-1) (P = 0.015). This represents a reduction of approximately 25% in the amount of N applied beyond what was removed in the grain, thus reducing unused N that can move to water or air. Our results confirm that sensors can choose N rates for corn that perform better than rates chosen by producers. C1 [Scharf, Peter C.; Mueller, Larry J.; Hubbard, Victoria C.; Oliveira, Luciane F.] Univ Missouri, Plant Sci Div, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Shannon, D. Kent] Univ Missouri Extens, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. [Palm, Harlan L.; Sudduth, Kenneth A.; Drummond, Scott T.; Kitchen, Newell R.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Scharf, PC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Plant Sci Div, 108 Waters Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM scharfp@missouri.edu RI hubbard, Victoria/N-8938-2014 FU USDA-NRCS; Missouri DNR; USEPA FX We thank Tom Becker, Bob Benoit, Kenny Brinker, Ryan and Randy Britt, David Copeland, Steve and Robert Diederich, Charles Ellis, Ronnie Flatt, Dolph and Ryan Flurry, Jeff Gebhardt, Ronald Hackman, Tony Hayes, Bill and Nathan Holmes, Steve Jackson, Brandon and Carl Kliethermes, Mark Lehenbauer, Tim Lichte, Mark Nuelle, Mark Peterson, Gary Riedel, Garret and Gary Riekhof, Ted Sander, Gene Sandner, Brian Schnarre, Terry and Pat Seyer, and Bruce Wilson for conducting these demonstrations with us even though it slowed down their sidedress operation. We are also grateful to MFA Inc. (Paul Tracy, Kenny Schlitt, Joe Haskins, Scott Wilburn, and Jason Brown) and to Delta Growers (Kendal Mouser) for allowing us to install sensors on their applicators and for conducting demonstrations for their customers. Matt Volkmann, Bob Mahurin, Ray Benson, and Kurt Holiman helped carry out the demonstrations with the USDA-ARS Spra-Coupe and we appreciate their efforts. This work was supported by the Conservation Innovation Grants program of the USDA-NRCS, the Nonpoint Source Pollution Control program of the Missouri DNR, and the Special Grants program of the USEPA. NR 37 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 103 IS 6 BP 1683 EP 1691 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0164 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 844DH UT WOS:000296727400015 ER PT J AU Rao, SC Northup, BK AF Rao, Srinivas C. Northup, Brian K. TI Growth and Nutritive Value of Grass Pea in Oklahoma SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DRYLAND CROPPING SYSTEMS; GREEN MANURE; LEGUMES; QUALITY; FORAGE AB The cool-season pulse grass pea (GP, Lathyrus sativus L.) has the potential to provide late-spring forage in the southern Great Plains (SGP), but genetic materials for development of new cultivars is limited. Our objective was to evaluate seasonal forage production and grain yield of 10 new Mediterranean-origin GP lines, in central Oklahoma. Replicate (n = 3) plots (3 by 10 m) were disked, fertilized (60 kg ha(-1) P2O5), and sown (60 kg seed ha(-1)) in 60 cm rows with GP lines 190, 288, 289, 290, 299, 387, 390, 736, B22, B111, and AC-Greenfi x (control) that were treated with inoculum (Rhizobium leguminosarum) during early March in 2007, 2008, and 2009. Whole plant samples were collected 59, 73, 94, and 115 d aft er planting. Biomass collected on Day 115 was separated into seed and nonseed biomass. Biomass accumulation, N concentration and nongrain digestibility showed significant (P <= 0.05) line, year, and sampling date effects. Grain biomass, N concentration and digestibility also showed significant line and year effects. AC-Greenfi x produced the most nongrain biomass each year [2499 kg ha(-1) for AC-Greenfi x vs. an average of 1899 (+/- 145) kg ha(-1) for the other 10 lines] and sampling date. Line x year interactions for grain biomass was statistically significant, with 2008 being the most productive year for all lines. Additional development is needed for these new Mediterranean GP lines to perform with the same consistency as AC-Greenfi x in the SGP. C1 [Rao, Srinivas C.; Northup, Brian K.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Rao, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM srinivas.rao@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 103 IS 6 BP 1692 EP 1696 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0178 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 844DH UT WOS:000296727400016 ER PT J AU Tewolde, H Adeli, A Sistani, KR Rowe, DE AF Tewolde, Haile Adeli, Ardeshir Sistani, Karamat R. Rowe, Dennis E. TI Mineral Nutrition of Cotton Fertilized with Poultry Litter or Ammonium Nitrate SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BROILER LITTER; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; SOIL PROPERTIES; UPLAND SOIL; IMPACT; YIELD; TILLAGE; SYSTEMS; GROWTH; MANURE AB Poultry litter is a superior fertilizer for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in some soils, but whether this superiority is related with its ability to supply multiple mineral nutrients has not been well investigated in the field. The objective of this research was to determine if the yield increasing effect of litter relative to inorganic N fertilizers may be related with better mineral nutrition and to compare the nutrient profile of litter- and inorganic N-fertilized cotton. Cotton was fertilized with six broiler litter rates ranging from 2.2 to 13.4 Mg ha(-1) or six NH(4)NO(3)-N rates ranging from 34 to 168 kg ha(-1) plus an unfertilized control (UTC) in northern Mississippi in a silt loam upland soil. Fertilizing with litter resulted in greater concentration of extractable soil P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, and Na than fertilizing with NH(4)NO(3), but these increases did not always result in greater concentrations of these elements in aboveground plant parts. Only concentrations of K, B, and Na were increased by litter in plant parts. The two fertilizers had the same effect on soil Mn concentration, but NH(4)NO(3), relative to litter, elevated Mn concentration in plant parts by as much as twofold, a result that seemed to be related to soil pH decline. The results suggest that the better yield performance of fertilizing cotton with poultry litter than with NH(4)NO(3)-N in this soil may have been due to a more ideal soil pH, favorable tissue Mn concentration, and improved K and B nutrition. C1 [Tewolde, Haile; Adeli, Ardeshir] USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Sistani, Karamat R.] USDA ARS, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. [Rowe, Dennis E.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Tewolde, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM haile.tewolde@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 103 IS 6 BP 1704 EP 1711 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0174 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 844DH UT WOS:000296727400018 ER PT J AU Schwartz, RC Dao, TH Bell, JM AF Schwartz, R. C. Dao, T. H. Bell, J. M. TI Manure and Mineral Fertilizer Effects on Seasonal Dynamics of Bioactive Soil Phosphorus Fractions SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; BIOAVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS; REWETTED SOILS; ANIMAL MANURES; POULTRY LITTER; PASTURE SOILS; MANAGEMENT; WATER; AVAILABILITY; CARBON AB Seasonal fluctuations in bioavailable soil P can influence soil test results and associated assessment of off-site transport risk. Our objective was to evaluate changes in soil P speciation and availability with time following applications of grain fed cattle (Bos taurus) manure or monoammonium phosphate (MAP). Beef cattle manure or MAP was applied at a targeted rate of 200 kg P ha(-1) on a Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Torrertic Paleustolls) in 2005 and 2006 and planted to grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Soil samples (0-0.15 m) were collected before and throughout the growing season and analyzed for Mehlich-3 phosphorus (Me3P), 1: 10 water-extractable phosphorus (WEP10), water extractable cations, pH, and fractions of bioactive soil phosphorus (TBIOP), which comprised 1: 100 water extractable P, ethylenediamine-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetate (EDTA)-exchangeable inorganic phosphorus (EEPi) and the EDTA-exchangeable phosphohydrolase-labile phosphorus (EPHP). Levels of soil Me3P, WEP10, and all fractions of TBIOP in MAP-amended plots fluctuated significantly (p < 0.05) during both seasons. Except for Me3P, manure amended plots also exhibited significant (p < 0.05) seasonal variations in soil extractable P and a delayed release of P that extended well into the growing season. In contrast, fluctuations in extractable soil P in unamended plots were not significant except EPHP. In water extracts, a significant (p < 0.05) dependence of solution P on pH and Ca suggested that precipitation-dissolution reactions contributed to observed seasonal fl uctuations in P. Fluctuations in total bioactive soil P were two to four times greater than aboveground biomass P highlighting the importance of accounting for seasonal dynamics in assessing off site P transport risks. C1 [Schwartz, R. C.; Bell, J. M.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Dao, T. H.] USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schwartz, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM robert.schwartz@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 103 IS 6 BP 1724 EP 1733 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0165 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 844DH UT WOS:000296727400021 ER PT J AU Murphy, KM Hoagland, LA Yan, L Colley, M Jones, SS AF Murphy, Kevin M. Hoagland, Lori A. Yan, Lin Colley, Micaela Jones, Stephen S. TI Genotype x Environment Interactions for Mineral Concentration in Grain of Organically Grown Spring Wheat SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WILD EMMER WHEAT; WINTER-WHEAT; MICRONUTRIENT MALNUTRITION; IRON CONCENTRATION; ZINC-EFFICIENCY; AGRICULTURE; CULTIVARS; STABILITY; MIXTURES; VARIETY AB Genotype x environment (GxE) interactions for Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, P, and Zn concentrations are not well understood, particularly in the context of organic farming systems. The objectives of this study were to: (i) investigate GxE interactions for mineral nutrient concentration in organically grown wheat; and, (ii) assess whether grain mineral concentration is a broadly or narrowly adapted trait when grown in contrasting environments over time. We evaluated 18 spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars on three organic farms in Washington State for mineral concentration and for grain yield in 2008 and 2009. The GxYear (Y) interactions were found for grain yield and all minerals except Fe, Mn, and P and GxLocation (L) interactions were found for grain yield and all minerals except Fe. The GxE (GxLxY) interactions were found for grain yield and all minerals except for Mn. Grain yield was not consistently correlated with mineral nutrients across years and locations. Among minerals, Mg: P, P: Zn, and Mg: Zn were positively correlated in at least five of six site-years, suggesting the potential for simultaneous selection of these minerals. Grain mineral concentrations of Cu, Fe, and P showed relatively broad adaptation across years when compared with Ca and Mg concentrations. Fewer cultivars were broadly adapted spatially than temporally for stable levels of mineral concentration. Several cultivars had relatively high concentrations of two or more minerals across locations, indicating the potential for farmer utilization of broadly adapted cultivars and varietal blends that will significantly increase grain mineral concentration. C1 [Murphy, Kevin M.] Washington State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hoagland, Lori A.] Purdue Univ, Dep Hort & Landscape Architecture, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Yan, Lin] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Colley, Micaela] Organ Seed Alliance, Port Townsend, WA 98368 USA. [Jones, Stephen S.] Washington State Univ, NW Res & Extens Ctr, Mt Vernon, WA 98273 USA. RP Murphy, KM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, 291D Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM kmurphy2@wsu.edu RI Murphy, Kevin/E-8682-2010 OI Murphy, Kevin/0000-0001-8982-3641 NR 44 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 103 IS 6 BP 1734 EP 1741 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0097 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 844DH UT WOS:000296727400022 ER PT J AU Grant, RF Kimball, BA Conley, MM White, JW Wall, GW Ottman, MJ AF Grant, R. F. Kimball, B. A. Conley, M. M. White, J. W. Wall, G. W. Ottman, M. J. TI Controlled Warming Effects on Wheat Growth and Yield: Field Measurements and Modeling SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE RESPONSE FUNCTIONS; RECENT CLIMATE TRENDS; WINTER-WHEAT; LIMITED PHOTOSYNTHESIS; INFRARED HEATER; WATER RELATIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; HIGH-ALTITUDES; SPRING WHEAT; SIMULATION AB Climate warming may raise wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields in cooler climates and lower them in warmer climates. To understand these contrasting effects, infrared heating lamps were used to warm irrigated spring wheat by 1.5 degrees C (day) and 3.0 degrees C (night) above unheated controls during different times of the year at Maricopa, AZ. Changes in wheat growth with warming were used to test hypotheses for temperature effects on crop growth in the process model ecosys. Infrared heating substantially raised phytomass growth and grain yield under lower air temperature (T(a)) following plantings from September through December. The same heating, however, lowered growth and yield under higher T(a) following plantings from January through March. Gains in wheat yield of as much as 200 g C m(-2) with heating under lower T(a) were attributed in the model to more rapid CO(2) fixation and to reduced chilling effects on seed set. These gains were only partially off set by losses from shortened wheat growth periods. Losses in wheat yield of as much as 100 g C m(-2) with heating under higher T(a) were attributed in the model to adverse effects of heating on crop water status and on CO(2) fixation vs. respiration, to greater heat stress effects on seed set, and to shortened crop growth periods. Model hypotheses thus explained contrasting effects of heating on wheat yields under different T(a) found in the field experiment as well as in many earlier studies. Well-constrained tests of these hypotheses are vital for models used to project climate change impacts on agricultural ecosystems. C1 [Grant, R. F.] Univ Alberta, Dep Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Kimball, B. A.; Conley, M. M.; White, J. W.; Wall, G. W.] USDA ARS Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Ottman, M. J.] Univ Arizona, Plant Sci Dep, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Grant, RF (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dep Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. EM robert.grant@ales.ualberta.ca OI Grant, Robert/0000-0002-8890-6231 NR 49 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 7 U2 41 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 103 IS 6 BP 1742 EP 1754 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0158 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 844DH UT WOS:000296727400023 ER PT J AU Yost, MA Russelle, MP Coulter, JA Sheaffer, CC Kaiser, DE AF Yost, Matt A. Russelle, Michael P. Coulter, Jeffrey A. Sheaffer, Craig C. Kaiser, Daniel E. TI Potassium Management during the Rotation from Alfalfa to Corn SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER; YIELD COMPONENTS; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; DAIRY-COWS; FERTILIZATION; PHOSPHORUS; SOIL; IMPACT; DIGESTIBILITY AB High K fertilizer prices in recent years have made it imperative for growers to apply optimum K rates to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Current university fertilizer guidelines in the Corn Belt do not change for the last production year, when alfalfa stand persistence is not a major concern. Furthermore, little is known about carryover of K applied to alfalfa on first-year corn (Zea mays L.) grain and silage yields. In 2008 to 2010, on-farm research was conducted on 10 fields with medium soil test potassium (STK) to determine response to K for alfalfa yield and quality in the last production year, and to estimate K carryover to first-year corn. Alfalfa yield and relative feed value (RFV) and quality (RFQ) did not improve with K fertilization. Herbage K concentration and K uptake increased with K fertilization across sites, indicating that applied K was available during the season of application. When corn relied on carryover K alone, each 100 kg ha(-1) increase in the index of available K increased corn grain yield by 0.5 Mg ha(-1), decreased stover yield by 0.4 Mg ha(-1), and did not affect silage yields. Regardless of K rate applied to alfalfa, additional K applied to corn increased corn stover and silage yields by 10 and 8%, respectively. This suggests that carryover K was less available than K applied to corn. On medium STK soils going into the last year of alfalfa, applying fertilizer K to first-year corn rather than alfalfa may enhance economic return. C1 [Yost, Matt A.; Coulter, Jeffrey A.; Sheaffer, Craig C.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kaiser, Daniel E.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Russelle, Michael P.] USDA ARS Plant Sci Res, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Yost, MA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dep Agron & Plant Genet, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM yostx051@umn.edu FU Minnesota Agricultural Fertilizer Research and Education Council; Minnesota Corn Research and Promotion Council FX This research was supported by the Minnesota Agricultural Fertilizer Research and Education Council and the Minnesota Corn Research and Promotion Council. The authors appreciate the assistance from many Extension Educators, state agency personnel, and private consultants to identify potential cooperators, the technical help from Ryan Maher, Keith Piotrowski, Keith Henjum, Eric Ristau, Melissa Colletti, Nick Saumweber, Lisa Thompson, Solene Juillet, Tari Helmers, Anna Yang, and Andrey Pashkevich, and the generous cooperation of 10 Minnesota farm families. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 103 IS 6 BP 1785 EP 1793 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0183 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 844DH UT WOS:000296727400027 ER PT J AU Jennings, TN Knaus, BJ Kolpak, S Cronn, R AF Jennings, Tara N. Knaus, Brian J. Kolpak, Scott Cronn, Richard TI MICROSATELLITE PRIMERS FOR THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ENDEMIC CONIFER CHAMAECYPARIS LAWSONIANA (CUPRESSACEAE) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Chamaecyparis lawsoniana; germplasm; microsatellite; Pacific Northwest; Port Orford cedar; resistance breeding ID PORT-ORFORD-CEDAR AB Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed for the Pacific Northwest conifer, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Cupressaceae), to enhance efficiencies in disease-resistance breeding and germplasm screening for gene conservation of this rare species. Methods and Results: Using multiplexed massively parallel Illumina sequencing, we identified over 300 000 microsatellite-containing sequences from 2 million paired-end microreads. After stringent filtering and primer evaluation, we selected 11 primer pairs and used these to screen variation in four populations of C. lawsoniana. Loci show between three and 10 repeats per locus, with an average of eight. Screening of these markers in the North American relative Callitropsis nootkatensis demonstrated limited marker transferability, but these markers could have utility in Asian species of Chamaecyparis. Conclusions: These microsatellite primers show high polymorphism and should provide a high level of individual discrimination for paternity analysis in defined pedigrees, and routine screening of wild variation in Chamaecyparis lawsoniana. C1 [Jennings, Tara N.; Knaus, Brian J.; Cronn, Richard] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kolpak, Scott] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Cronn, R (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rcronn@fs.fed.us OI Cronn, Richard/0000-0001-5342-3494 FU U.S. Forest Service; Pacific Northwest Research Station; U.S. Forest Service Dorena Genetic Resource Center FX The authors thank Katie Alderman for laboratory assistance, and Mark Dasenko and Chris Sullivan for sequencing and core facility computing support. Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Forest Service Forest Health and Protection Special Technology Development Program (STDP), the Pacific Northwest Research Station, and the U.S. Forest Service Dorena Genetic Resource Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 98 IS 11 BP E323 EP E325 DI 10.3732/ajb.1100317 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 844PU UT WOS:000296760500007 PM 22012929 ER PT J AU Bailey, RL Fulgoni, VL Keast, DR Dwyer, JT AF Bailey, Regan L. Fulgoni, Victor L., III Keast, Debra R. Dwyer, Johanna T. TI Dietary supplement use is associated with higher intakes of minerals from food sources SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID MULTIVITAMIN-MULTIMINERAL SUPPLEMENTS; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; NUTRIENT INTAKE; NATIONAL-HEALTH; ADULTS; ENERGY; COHORT AB Background: Dietary supplement use is extensive in US adults. Some reports suggested that supplement users had higher nutrient intakes from the diet than did nonusers, but to our knowledge this finding has not been examined in nationally representative survey data. Objective: In this analysis, we examined mineral intakes from the diet by supplement-use categories and how these supplements contributed to meeting or exceeding Dietary Reference Intakes for selected minerals. Design: Data from adults (>= 19 y of age; n = 8860) who participated in NHANES 2003-2006, a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey, were examined. Supplement use was defined as the participant's self-reported use of a supplement that contained one or more selected minerals. Results: Dietary intakes of minerals from food sources were higher for magnesium, copper, potassium, and selenium in male supplement users than in nonusers. For women, dietary intakes of minerals from food sources were higher for users than for nonusers for each mineral examined except for selenium. In women, users of calcium-containing dietary supplements were much more likely to meet the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) than were nonusers. Even after consideration of supplement use, >14% of adults had inadequate intakes for calcium and magnesium on the basis of the percentage of adults with usual intakes less than the EAR. The prevalence of adults who exceeded the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for calcium, zinc, iron, and magnesium was higher in users than in nonusers. Conclusions: Individuals who used mineral-containing dietary supplements had higher mineral intakes from food sources in the diet than did nonusers. For all minerals examined, and particularly for calcium and magnesium in men and women and iron in women, supplement use decreased the prevalence of intake inadequacy for each respective mineral; however, supplements contributed to risk of potentially excessive intakes for calcium, iron, zinc, and magnesium. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94:1376-81. C1 [Bailey, Regan L.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Fulgoni, Victor L., III] Nutr Impact LLC, Battle Creek, MI USA. [Keast, Debra R.] Food & Nutr Database Res Inc, Okemos, MI USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Bailey, RL (reprint author), NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, 6100 Execut Blvd,2B03, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM baileyr@mail.nih.gov OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU US Department of Agriculture Research Service [58-1950-7-707]; Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH; Fortification Committee of the International Life Sciences Institute, North American Branch FX Supported in part with resources from the US Department of Agriculture Research Service (agreement 58-1950-7-707) and the Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH. Data generation for the study was funded by the Fortification Committee of the International Life Sciences Institute, North American Branch. NR 26 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 94 IS 5 BP 1376 EP 1381 DI 10.3945/ajcn.111.020289 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 837VV UT WOS:000296236100027 PM 21955646 ER PT J AU Svendsen, E AF Svendsen, Erika TI Cultivating Health and Well-Being through Environmental Stewardship SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA Forest Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Svendsen, E (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2011 VL 101 IS 11 BP 2008 EP 2008 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 835NA UT WOS:000296041900006 PM 21997222 ER PT J AU Pachucki, MA Jacques, PF Christakis, NA AF Pachucki, Mark A. Jacques, Paul F. Christakis, Nicholas A. TI Social Network Concordance in Food Choice Among Spouses, Friends, and Siblings SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DIETARY PATTERNS; FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; HEALTH-PROMOTION; EATING PATTERNS; LIFE-STYLE; OBESITY; WOMEN; REPRODUCIBILITY; NUTRITION AB Objectives. We investigated whether eating behaviors were concordant among diverse sets of social ties. Methods. We analyzed the socioeconomic and demographic distribution of eating among 3418 members of the Framingham Heart Study observed from 1991 to 2001. We used a data-classification procedure to simplify choices into 7 nonoverlapping patterns that we matched with information on social network ties. We used correlation analysis to examine eating associations among 4 types of peers (spouses, friends, brothers, and sisters). Longitudinal multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate evidence for peer influences on eating. Results. Of all peer types, spouses showed the strongest concordances in eating patterns over time after adjustment for social contextual factors. Across all peers, the eating pattern most likely to be shared by socially connected individuals was "alcohol and snacks." Models estimating one's current eating pattern on the basis of a peer's prior eating provided supportive evidence of a social influence process. Conclusions. Certain eating patterns appeared to be socially transmissible across different kinds of relationships. These findings represent an important step in specifying the relevant social environment in the study of health behaviors to include eating. (Am J Public Health. 2011;101:2170-2177. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300282) C1 [Pachucki, Mark A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Robert Wood Johnson Hlth & Soc Scholars Joint Pro, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pachucki, Mark A.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Jacques, Paul F.] Tufts Univ, Nutr Epidemiol Program, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Christakis, Nicholas A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Christakis, Nicholas A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Christakis, Nicholas A.] Harvard Univ, Dept Sociol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Pachucki, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Robert Wood Johnson Hlth & Soc Scholars Joint Pro, 50 Univ Hall,MC 7360, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pachucki@berkeley.edu RI Fitzgerald, Robert/I-7250-2016 OI Fitzgerald, Robert/0000-0003-1906-4939 FU National Institutes of Health; National Institute on Aging [F31AG033503, P-01AG031093]; National Science Foundation [0824568]; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [N01-HC-25195] FX This study was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health, the National Institute on Aging (F31AG033503, P-01AG031093), the National Science Foundation (0824568), and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.; We thank the Framingham Heart Study for data access (the Framingham Heart Study is supported by a contract from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC-25195]). NR 34 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2011 VL 101 IS 11 BP 2170 EP 2177 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300282 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 835NA UT WOS:000296041900032 PM 21940920 ER PT J AU Ryu, JS Shary, S Houtman, CJ Panisko, EA Korripally, P John, FJS Crooks, C Siika-aho, M Magnuson, JK Hammel, KE AF Ryu, Jae San Shary, Semarjit Houtman, Carl J. Panisko, Ellen A. Korripally, Premsagar John, Franz J. St Crooks, Casey Siika-aho, Matti Magnuson, Jon K. Hammel, Kenneth E. TI Proteomic and Functional Analysis of the Cellulase System Expressed by Postia placenta during Brown Rot of Solid Wood SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BASIDIOMYCETE GLOEOPHYLLUM-TRABEUM; TRICHODERMA-REESEI CELLULASES; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE; FOMITOPSIS-PALUSTRIS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PHOSPHORIC-ACID; PORIA-PLACENTA; DECAY; FUNGUS AB Brown rot basidiomycetes have an important ecological role in lignocellulose recycling and are notable for their rapid degradation of wood polymers via oxidative and hydrolytic mechanisms. However, most of these fungi apparently lack processive (exo-acting) cellulases, such as cellobiohydrolases, which are generally required for efficient cellulolysis. The recent sequencing of the Postia placenta genome now permits a proteomic approach to this longstanding conundrum. We grew P. placenta on solid aspen wood, extracted proteins from the biodegrading substrate, and analyzed tryptic digests by shotgun liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Comparison of the data with the predicted P. placenta proteome revealed the presence of 34 likely glycoside hydrolases, but only four of these-two in glycoside hydrolase family 5, one in family 10, and one in family 12-have sequences that suggested possible activity on cellulose. We expressed these enzymes heterologously and determined that they all exhibited endoglucanase activity on phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose. They also slowly hydrolyzed filter paper, a more crystalline substrate, but the soluble/insoluble reducing sugar ratios they produced classify them as nonprocessive. Computer simulations indicated that these enzymes produced soluble/insoluble ratios on reduced phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose that were higher than expected for random hydrolysis, which suggests that they could possess limited exo activity, but they are at best 10-fold less processive than cellobiohydrolases. It appears likely that P. placenta employs a combination of oxidative mechanisms and endo-acting cellulases to degrade cellulose efficiently in the absence of a significant processive component. C1 [Ryu, Jae San; Shary, Semarjit; Houtman, Carl J.; Korripally, Premsagar; John, Franz J. St; Crooks, Casey; Hammel, Kenneth E.] US Forest Serv, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Ryu, Jae San] Gyeongsangnam Do Agr Res & Extens Serv, Ecofriendliness Res Dept, Jinju 660360, South Korea. [Ryu, Jae San; Shary, Semarjit; Korripally, Premsagar; Hammel, Kenneth E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Panisko, Ellen A.; Magnuson, Jon K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Biol Proc Dev Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Siika-aho, Matti] VTT Tech Res Ctr, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland. RP Hammel, KE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM kehammel@wisc.edu RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011; Houtman, Carl/I-4469-2012; St John, Franz/J-8970-2016 OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847; St John, Franz/0000-0003-3458-5628 FU Geongsangnam-do Province, Republic of Korea; U.S. Department of Energy, Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AI32-08NA28543]; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research [BER-DE-AI02-07ER64480]; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX This work was supported by a research fellowship from Geongsangnam-do Province, Republic of Korea (J.S.R.), by the U.S. Department of Energy, Los Alamos National Laboratory (grant no. DE-AI32-08NA28543) (K. E. H.), and by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (grant no. BER-DE-AI02-07ER64480) (K. E. H).; The proteomic data were processed and archived by the Instrument Development Laboratory at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. NR 60 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 77 IS 22 BP 7933 EP 7941 DI 10.1128/AEM.05496-11 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 844PS UT WOS:000296760200007 PM 21948841 ER PT J AU Saha, BC Nichols, NN Qureshi, N Cotta, MA AF Saha, Badal C. Nichols, Nancy N. Qureshi, Nasib Cotta, Michael A. TI Comparison of separate hydrolysis and fermentation and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation processes for ethanol production from wheat straw by recombinant Escherichia coli strain FBR5 SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ethanol; Recombinant ethanologenic Escherichia coli; Wheat straw hydrolyzate; Separate hydrolysis and fermentation; Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation ID PRETREATED CORN STOVER; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ENZYMATIC SACCHARIFICATION; XYLOSE; GLUCOSE; BIOMASS; DETOXIFICATION; METABOLISM; INHIBITORS; CA(OH)(2) AB Ethanol production by recombinant Escherichia coli strain FBR5 from dilute acid pretreated wheat straw (WS) by separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was studied. The yield of total sugars from dilute acid (0.5% H(2)SO(4)) pretreated (160 degrees C, 10 min) and enzymatically saccharified (pH 5.0, 45 degrees C, 72 h) WS (86 g/l) was 50.0 +/- 1.4 g/l. The hydrolyzate contained 1,184 +/- 19 mg furfural and 161 +/- 1 mg hydroxymethyl furfural per liter. The recombinant E. coli FBR5 could not grow at all at pH controlled at 4.5 to 6.5 in the non-abated wheat straw hydrolyzate (WSH) at 35 degrees C. However, it produced 21.9 +/- 0.3 g ethanol from non-abated WSH (total sugars, 44.1 +/- 0.4 g/l) in 90 h including the lag time of 24 h at controlled pH 7.0 and 35 degrees C. The bioabatement of WS was performed by growing Coniochaeta ligniaria NRRL 30616 in the liquid portion of the pretreated WS aerobically at pH 6.5 and 30 degrees C for 15 h. The bacterium produced 21.6 +/- 0.5 g ethanol per liter in 40 h from the bioabated enzymatically saccharified WSH (total sugars, 44.1 +/- 0.4 g) at pH 6.0. It produced 24.9 +/- 0.3 g ethanol in 96 h and 26.7 +/- 0.0 g ethanol in 72 h per liter from bioabated WSH by batch SSF and fed-batch SSF, respectively. SSF offered a distinct advantage over SHF with respect to reducing total time required to produce ethanol from the bioabated WS. Also, fed-batch SSF performed better than the batch SSF with respect to shortening the time requirement and increase in ethanol yield. C1 [Saha, Badal C.; Nichols, Nancy N.; Qureshi, Nasib; Cotta, Michael A.] ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Saha, BC (reprint author), ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Badal.Saha@ars.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 92 IS 4 BP 865 EP 874 DI 10.1007/s00253-011-3600-0 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 844VU UT WOS:000296779200020 PM 21968655 ER PT J AU Yang, L Li, GQ Zhang, J Jiang, DH Chen, WD AF Yang, Long Li, Guoqing Zhang, Jing Jiang, Daohong Chen, Weidong TI Compatibility of Coniothyrium minitans with compound fertilizer in suppression of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Coniothyrium minitans; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Carpogenic germination; Compound fertilizer; Oilseed rape; Biological control ID S-H MIXTURE; CARPOGENIC GERMINATION; APOTHECIAL PRODUCTION; GLASSHOUSE LETTUCE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BIOCONTROL AGENT; SURVIVAL; SOIL; DISEASES; TRICHODERMA AB Coniothyrium minitans is a mycoparasite and a promising biocontrol agent of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal of Sclerotinia stem rot of oilseed rape. In order to assess whether soil application of C. minitans can be combined with fertilizer application during cultivation of oilseed rape, a study was conducted to determine the compatibility of C. minitans with commercial N-P-K compound fertilizer. Results showed that the compound fertilizer at concentrations of 0.1-10% inhibited conidial germination and mycelia growth of C. minitans in a dosage-response manner in vitro. Simultaneous application of C. minitans and the compound fertilizer at various concentrations significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the number of apothecia produced by sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum in both pot and field plot experiments. No negative effects of the compound fertilizer on the ability of C. minitans to infect sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum in vitro or to suppress carpogenic germination of sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum were observed. It is demonstrated that C. minitans is compatible with the compound fertilizer when applied at planting of oilseed rape. Application of C. minitans together with the compound fertilizer would be advantageous in saving labor cost, thus increasing production efficiency of oilseed rape. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, Long; Li, Guoqing; Zhang, Jing; Jiang, Daohong] Huazhong Agr Univ, Key Lab Plant Pathol Hubei Prov, State Key Lab Agr Microbiol, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. [Chen, Weidong] Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Li, GQ (reprint author), Huazhong Agr Univ, Key Lab Plant Pathol Hubei Prov, State Key Lab Agr Microbiol, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. EM guoqingli@mail.hzau.edu.cn FU Natural Science Foundation of China [30971953, 31000877]; Special Fund for Public Welfare Projects (Agriculture) of China [201103016] FX This study was funded by the Grants of the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 30971953 and 31000877) and the Special Fund for Public Welfare Projects (Agriculture) of China (Grant No. 201103016). NR 38 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2011 VL 59 IS 2 BP 221 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.07.002 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 845YQ UT WOS:000296864600019 ER PT J AU Lundgren, JG Seagraves, MP AF Lundgren, Jonathan G. Seagraves, Michael P. TI Physiological benefits of nectar feeding by a predatory beetle SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Coccinellidae; extrafloral nectar; lady beetle; nutrient reserves; reproduction; sugar feeding; survival ID COCCINELLA-SEPTEMPUNCTATA COLEOPTERA; HARMONIA-AXYRIDIS COLEOPTERA; EXTRA-FLORAL NECTARIES; VICIA-FABA; EXTRAFLORAL NECTARIES; PARASITOID WASP; COLEOMEGILLA-MACULATA; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; RAPID-DETERMINATION; WANDERING SPIDERS AB Extrafloral nectar is an important food source for many animals, including predatory lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), although the physiological benefits of nectar consumption are poorly understood for most consumers. Under laboratory conditions, we confined new females of Coleomegilla maculata, a North American lady beetle, to Vicia faba plants with or without extrafloral nectaries for 10 days; after this, the beetles were moved onto a high-quality diet for an additional 15 days. Survival, fecundity, and oocyte size and development before and after consuming a high-quality diet were compared between treatments. Colorimetric assays were used to quantify the glycogen and lipid reserves of the beetles before and after exposure to a high-quality diet. Extrafloral nectar increased the survival of C. maculata by 50%, and increased fecundity by 30%, over starved individuals. Oocytes prior to and following exposure to a high-quality diet were significantly larger in females fed nectar than in females that were not fed nectar. Finally, glycogen reserves were higher following the prey-free period in the nectar-fed treatment than the starved treatment, but this deficiency did not persist once a high-quality diet was provided. We conclude that nectar improves the survival and nutrient reserves of predators during periods of prey scarcity, and that the availability of nectar during these periods improves the long-term reproductive capacity of predators. (C) 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 104, 661-669. C1 [Lundgren, Jonathan G.; Seagraves, Michael P.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Lundgren, JG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM jonathan.lundgren@ars.usda.gov NR 62 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0024-4066 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 104 IS 3 BP 661 EP 669 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01729.x PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 843WH UT WOS:000296706400013 ER PT J AU Waters, WR Buddle, BM Vordermeier, HM Gormley, E Palmer, MV Thacker, TC Bannantine, JP Stabel, JR Linscott, R Martel, E Milian, F Foshaug, W Lawrence, JC AF Waters, W. R. Buddle, B. M. Vordermeier, H. M. Gormley, E. Palmer, M. V. Thacker, T. C. Bannantine, J. P. Stabel, J. R. Linscott, R. Martel, E. Milian, F. Foshaug, W. Lawrence, J. C. TI Development and Evaluation of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Use in the Detection of Bovine Tuberculosis in Cattle SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DEFINED ANTIGENS; ERADICATION; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; KANSASII; WILDLIFE; BCG AB increased globalization of cattle trade with associated transmission risks, new approaches such as vaccination and novel testing algorithms are seriously being considered by regulatory agencies for the control of bovine tuberculosis. Serologic tests offer opportunities for identification of M. bovis-infected animals not afforded by current diagnostic techniques. The present study describes assay development and field assessment of a new commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) that detects antibody to M. bovis antigens MPB83 and MPB70 in infected cattle. Pertinent findings include the following: specific antibody responses were detected at similar to 90 to 100 days after experimental M. bovis challenge, minimal cross-reactive responses were elicited by infection/sensitization with nontuberculous Mycobacterium spp., and the apparent sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA with naturally infected cattle were 63% and 98%, respectively, with sensitivity improving as disease severity increased. The ELISA also detected infected animals missed by the routine tuberculin skin test, and antibody was detectable in bulk tank milk samples from M. bovis-infected dairy herds. A high-throughput ELISA could be adapted as a movement, border, or slaughter surveillance test, as well as a supplemental test to tuberculin skin testing. C1 [Waters, W. R.; Palmer, M. V.; Thacker, T. C.; Bannantine, J. P.; Stabel, J. R.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Buddle, B. M.] AgResearch, Hopkirk Res Inst, Palmerston North, New Zealand. [Vordermeier, H. M.] Anim Hlth & Vet Labs Agcy, Addlestone, Surrey, England. [Gormley, E.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Agr Food Sci & Vet Med, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Linscott, R.; Martel, E.; Lawrence, J. C.] IDEXX Labs, Westbrook, ME USA. [Milian, F.] CENID Fisiol, Inst Nacl Invest Forestales Agr & Pecuarias, Queretaro, Mexico. [Foshaug, W.] Antel Biosyst, Lansing, MI USA. RP Waters, WR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM ray.waters@ars.usda.gov RI Vordermeier, H Martin/C-6936-2011; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010; OI Gormley, Eamonn/0000-0003-3900-0393; Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898; Thacker, Tyler/0000-0001-6779-7649 NR 24 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 18 IS 11 BP 1882 EP 1888 DI 10.1128/CVI.05343-11 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 842QJ UT WOS:000296613800013 PM 21918115 ER PT J AU Gorres, JP Lager, KM Kong, WP Royals, M Todd, JP Vincent, AL Wei, CJ Loving, CL Zanella, EL Janke, B Kehrli, ME Nabel, GJ Rao, SS AF Gorres, J. Patrick Lager, Kelly M. Kong, Wing-Pui Royals, Michael Todd, John-Paul Vincent, Amy L. Wei, Chih-Jen Loving, Crystal L. Zanella, Eraldo L. Janke, Bruce Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr. Nabel, Gary J. Rao, Srinivas S. TI DNA Vaccination Elicits Protective Immune Responses against Pandemic and Classic Swine Influenza Viruses in Pigs SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID H1N1 2009 VIRUS; TIME RT-PCR; A VIRUS; EUROPEAN PIGS; IMMUNIZATION; CHALLENGE; INFECTION; VACCINES; HEMAGGLUTININ; MICE AB Swine influenza is a highly contagious viral infection in pigs that significantly impacts the pork industry due to weight loss and secondary infections. There is also the potential of a significant threat to public health, as was seen in 2009 when the pandemic H1N1 influenza virus strain emerged from reassortment events among avian, swine, and human influenza viruses within pigs. As classic and pandemic H1N1 strains now circulate in swine, an effective vaccine may be the best strategy to protect the pork industry and public health. Current inactivated-virus vaccines available for swine influenza protect only against viral strains closely related to the vaccine strain, and egg-based production of these vaccines is insufficient to respond to large outbreaks. DNA vaccines are a promising alternative since they can potentially induce broad-based protection with more efficient production methods. In this study we evaluated the potentials of monovalent and trivalent DNA vaccine constructs to (i) elicit both humoral and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) responses and (ii) protect pigs against viral shedding and lung disease after challenge with pandemic H1N1 or classic swine H1N1 influenza virus. We also compared the efficiency of a needle-free vaccine delivery method to that of a conventional needle/syringe injection. We report that DNA vaccination elicits robust serum antibody and cellular responses after three immunizations and confers significant protection against influenza virus challenge. Needle-free delivery elicited improved antibody responses with the same efficiency as conventional injection and should be considered for development as a practical alternative for vaccine administration. C1 [Gorres, J. Patrick; Todd, John-Paul; Rao, Srinivas S.] NIH, Lab Anim Med, Vaccine Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Lager, Kelly M.; Vincent, Amy L.; Loving, Crystal L.; Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr.] ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Royals, Michael] PharmaJet Inc, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Zanella, Eraldo L.] Univ Passo Fundo, Curso Med Vet, BR-99001970 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. [Janke, Bruce] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Rao, SS (reprint author), 40 Convent Dr, Bethesda, MD 20895 USA. EM srao1@mail.nih.gov OI Royals, Michael/0000-0003-3639-3101 FU NIH Vaccine Research Center FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH Vaccine Research Center. NR 54 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 18 IS 11 BP 1987 EP 1995 DI 10.1128/CVI.05171-11 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 842QJ UT WOS:000296613800028 PM 21918118 ER PT J AU Barrette, RW Szczepanek, SM Rood, D Challa, S Avery, N Vajdy, M Kramer, E Rodriguez, L Silbart, LK AF Barrette, Roger W. Szczepanek, Steven M. Rood, Debra Challa, Sreerupa Avery, Naomi Vajdy, Michael Kramer, Ed Rodriguez, Luis Silbart, Lawrence K. TI Use of Inactivated Escherichia coli Enterotoxins To Enhance Respiratory Mucosal Adjuvanticity during Vaccination in Swine SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-LABILE ENTEROTOXIN; DOMESTIC-ANIMALS; DELIVERY; VACCINES; PEPTIDE; MUTANT; SYSTEM; VIRUS AB In order to augment responses to respiratory vaccines in swine, various adjuvants were intranasally coadministered with a foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) antigen to pigs. Detoxified Escherichia coli enterotoxins LTK63 and LTR72 enhanced antigen-specific mucosal and systemic immunity, demonstrating their efficacy as adjuvants for nonreplicating antigens upon intranasal immunization in swine. C1 [Silbart, Lawrence K.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Allied Hlth Sci, CANR, Ctr Excellence Vaccine Res, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Barrette, Roger W.; Challa, Sreerupa; Avery, Naomi; Silbart, Lawrence K.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Szczepanek, Steven M.; Rood, Debra; Silbart, Lawrence K.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Allied Hlth Sci, Storrs, CT 06229 USA. [Szczepanek, Steven M.; Kramer, Ed; Rodriguez, Luis] ARS, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Vajdy, Michael] Novartis Vaccines & Diagnost Inc, Emeryville, CA 94563 USA. RP Silbart, LK (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Allied Hlth Sci, CANR, Ctr Excellence Vaccine Res, Koons Hall,Room 227,Unit 2101,358 Mansfield Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM Lawrence.Silbart@uconn.edu NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 18 IS 11 BP 1996 EP 1998 DI 10.1128/CVI.05273-11 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 842QJ UT WOS:000296613800029 PM 21918121 ER PT J AU Rice, PJ Horgan, BP AF Rice, Pamela J. Horgan, Brian P. TI NUTRIENT LOSS WITH RUNOFF FROM FAIRWAY TURF: AN EVALUATION OF CORE CULTIVATION PRACTICES AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Eutrophication; Golf; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Water quality ID BENTGRASS GOLF GREEN; CREEPING BENTGRASS; BERMUDAGRASS TURF; PLASTIC MULCH; NITRATE; THATCH; PHOSPHORUS; TURFGRASS; SOIL; PESTICIDES AB The presence of excess nutrients in surface waters can result in undesirable environmental and economic consequences, including nuisance algal blooms and eutrophication. Fertilizer use in highly managed turf systems has raised questions concerning the contribution of nutrients to surrounding surface waters. Experiments were designed to quantify phosphorus and nitrogen transport with runoff from turf plots maintained as a golf course fairway to identify which cultural practice, solid tine (ST) or hollow tine (HT) core cultivation, maximized phosphorus and nitrogen retention at the site of fertilizer application. Simulated precipitation and collection of resulting runoff were completed 26 +/- 13 h following granular fertilizer application (18-3-18: N-P2O5-K2O) and 63 d and 2 d following core cultivation. Runoff volumes were reduced in fairway turf plots aerated with HT relative to ST (63 d: 10%, 2 d: 55% reduction). Analysis of the runoff revealed a reduction in soluble phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen losses with runoff from plots managed with HT; a 5 to 27% reduction after 63 d; and a 39 to 77% reduction at 2 d. Golf course runoff-to-surface water scenarios were used to calculate estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface water receiving runoff from turf managed with ST or HT core cultivation. Surface water concentrations of phosphorus remained above the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's water quality criteria to limit eutrophication, with the exception of concentrations associated with HT core cultivation at 2 d. Regardless of management practice (ST or HT) and time between core cultivation and runoff (63 d or 2 d), all EECs of nitrogen were below levels associated with increased algal growth. Understanding nutrient transport with runoff and identifying strategies that reduce off-site transport will increase their effectiveness at intended sites of application and minimize undesirable effects to surrounding surface water resources. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30: 2473-2480. (C) 2011 SETAC C1 [Rice, Pamela J.] ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN USA. [Horgan, Brian P.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Rice, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN USA. EM pamela.rice@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Golf Association, Green Section Research FX Reference to specific products does not imply endorsement by U. S. Department of Agriculture or the University of Minnesota to the exclusion of other suitable products. The present study was funded in part by the U.S. Golf Association, Green Section Research. We thank C. Borgen, T. Carson, M. Dolan, S. Greseth, A. Hollman, C. Krueger, J. Lanners, M. McNearney, C. Rosen, J. Sass, A. Seeley, K. Swenson, and Nelson Irrigation. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 10 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 30 IS 11 BP 2473 EP 2480 DI 10.1002/etc.659 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 837UQ UT WOS:000296230300011 PM 21898559 ER PT J AU Bentz, BJ Bracewell, RR Mock, KE Pfrender, ME AF Bentz, Barbara J. Bracewell, Ryan R. Mock, Karen E. Pfrender, Michael E. TI Genetic architecture and phenotypic plasticity of thermally-regulated traits in an eruptive species, Dendroctonus ponderosae SO EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Adult size; Bark beetle; Climate change; Development time; Mountain pine beetle; Reaction norm ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; DEVELOPMENT TIME; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LIFE-HISTORY; BODY-SIZE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; INTRODUCED PREDATORS; MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS; ADAPTIVE PLASTICITY; NORTH-AMERICA AB Phenotypic plasticity in thermally-regulated traits enables close tracking of changing environmental conditions, and can thereby enhance the potential for rapid population increase, a hallmark of outbreak insect species. In a changing climate, exposure to conditions that exceed the capacity of existing phenotypic plasticity may occur. Combining information on genetic architecture and trait plasticity among populations that are distributed along a latitudinal cline can provide insight into how thermally-regulated traits evolve in divergent environments and the potential for adaptation. Dendroctonus ponderosae feed on Pinus species in diverse climatic regimes throughout western North America, and show eruptive population dynamics. We describe geographical patterns of plasticity in D. ponderosae development time and adult size by examining reaction norms of populations from multiple latitudes. The relative influence of additive and non-additive genetic effects on population differences in the two phenotypic traits at a single temperature is quantified using line-cross experiments and joint-scaling tests. We found significant genetic and phenotypic variation among D. ponderosae populations. Simple additive genetic variance was not the primary source of the observed variation, and dominance and epistasis contributed greatly to the genetic divergence of the two thermally-regulated traits. Hybrid breakdown was also observed in F-2 hybrid crosses between northern and southern populations, further indication of substantial genetic differences among clinal populations and potential reproductive isolation within D. ponderosae. Although it is unclear what maintains variation in the life-history traits, observed plasticity in thermally-regulated traits that are directly linked to rapid numerical change may contribute to the outbreak nature of D. ponderosae, particularly in a changing climate. C1 [Bentz, Barbara J.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Bracewell, Ryan R.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Mock, Karen E.] Utah State Univ, Wildland Resources Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Pfrender, Michael E.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Pfrender, Michael E.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Bentz, BJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 860 N 1200 E, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM bbentz@fs.fed.us; ryan.bracewell@umontana.edu; karen.mock@usu.edu; michael.pfrender.1@nd.edu RI Mock , Karen/C-1418-2011 FU USDA Forest Service; Rocky Mountain Research Station; Forest Health Monitoring FX Jim Vandygriff and Matt Hansen provided invaluable assistance with collection of D. ponderosae-infested trees and laboratory rearing of beetles. We thank Alan Dymerski for collection of the South Dakota population, and Laura Merrill for help locating the California populations. The USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station and Forest Health Monitoring contributed funding for this research. NR 64 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-7653 J9 EVOL ECOL JI Evol. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1269 EP 1288 DI 10.1007/s10682-011-9474-x PG 20 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 834RV UT WOS:000295982300007 ER PT J AU Morvan, D Hoffman, C Rego, F Mell, W AF Morvan, Dominique Hoffman, Chad Rego, Francisco Mell, William TI Numerical simulation of the interaction between two fire fronts in grassland and shrubland SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Fire behaviour; FIRESTAR; WFDS; Back firing ID BEHAVIOR; SPREAD; TURBULENCE; WILDFIRE; FUELS; MODEL AB The objective of this paper was to evaluate the potential for fully physical fire models to simulate the interactions between two converging fire fronts (a head fire and a back fire), in conditions similar to those encountered during suppression fire operations. The simulations were carried out using two fully physical models: FIRESTAR, in two dimensions, and Wildland Fire Dynamics Simulator, in three dimensions. Each modelling approach numerically solves a set of balance equations (mass, momentum, energy, etc.) governing the behaviour of the coupled system formed by the vegetation and the surrounding atmosphere. Two fuel profiles were tested: homogeneous grassland similar to landscapes in Australia and a shrubland representative of Mediterranean landscape (garrigue). Results from the two-dimensional and three-dimensional simulations were used to investigate how the two fire fronts interact together and mutually modify, or not, their own behaviour before merging. The results of these simulations showed that the merging of two fire fronts can result in a quick increase in fire-line intensity or in flame height. We concluded that physics-based simulations do reproduce reasonable and expected head- and back-fire interactions, but more work is needed to further understand the accuracy of such predictions. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Morvan, Dominique] Aix Marseille Univ, Lab M2P2 UMR CNRS 6181, F-13453 Marseille 13, France. [Hoffman, Chad] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest & Range Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Rego, Francisco] ISACEABN Tapada Ajuda, P-1349017 Lisbon, Portugal. [Mell, William] US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Morvan, D (reprint author), Aix Marseille Univ, Lab M2P2 UMR CNRS 6181, UNIMECA Technopole Chateau Gombert,60 Rue Joliot, F-13453 Marseille 13, France. EM dominique.morvan@univmed.fr RI Castro Rego, Francisco/H-9155-2013 OI Hoffman, Chad/0000-0001-8715-937X; Castro Rego, Francisco/0000-0003-0060-5192 NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 46 IS 8 BP 469 EP 479 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2011.07.008 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 843OP UT WOS:000296682000001 ER PT J AU Rolfe, KM Snelling, WM Nielsen, MK Freetly, HC Ferrell, CL Jenkins, TG AF Rolfe, K. M. Snelling, W. M. Nielsen, M. K. Freetly, H. C. Ferrell, C. L. Jenkins, T. G. TI Genetic and phenotypic parameter estimates for feed intake and other traits in growing beef cattle, and opportunities for selection SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; feed intake; flight speed; genetic variation; growth; selection ID EFFICIENCY; CARCASS; MAINTENANCE; TEMPERAMENT; PERFORMANCE AB Growth, feed intake, and temperament indicator data, collected over 5 yr on a total of 1,141 to 1,183 mixed-breed steers, were used to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters. All steers had a portion of Hereford, Angus, or both as well as varying percentages of Simmental, Charolais, Limousin, Gelbvieh, Red Angus, and MARC III composite. Because the steers were slaughtered on various dates each year and the animals thus varied in days on feed, BW and feed data were adjusted to a 140-d feeding period basis. Adjustment of measures of feed efficiency [G:F or residual feed intake (RFI), intake adjusted for metabolic body size, and BW gain] for body fatness recorded at slaughter had little effect on the results of analyses. Average daily gain was less heritable (0.26) than was midtest BW (MBW; 0.35). Measures of feed intake had greater estimates of heritability, with 140-d DMI at 0.40 and RFI at 0.52; the heritability estimate for G:F was 0.27. Flight speed (FS), as an indicator of temperament, had an estimated heritability of 0.34 and a repeatability of 0.63. As expected, a strong genetic (0.86) correlation was estimated between ADG and MBW; genetic correlations were less strong between DMI and ADG or MBW (0.56 and 0.71). Residual feed intake and DMI had a genetic correlation of 0.66. Indexes for phenotypic RFI and genotypically restricted RFI (no correlation with BW gain) were compared with simple economic indexes incorporating feed intake and growth to elucidate expected selection responses under different criteria. In general, few breed differences were detected across the various measurements. Heterosis contributed to greater DMI, RFI, and MBW, but it did not significantly affect ADG, G: F, or FS. Balancing output (growth) with input costs (feed) is needed in practicing selection, and FS would not be recommended as an indicator trait for selection to change feed efficiency. An index including BW gain and RFI produced the best economic outcome. C1 [Rolfe, K. M.; Nielsen, M. K.; Ferrell, C. L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Snelling, W. M.; Freetly, H. C.; Ferrell, C. L.; Jenkins, T. G.] ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68166 USA. RP Nielsen, MK (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM mnielsen1@unl.edu FU Hatch Act FX A contribution of the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division, supported in part by funds provided through the Hatch Act. Mention of a trade name, proprietary products, or company name is for presentation clarity and does not imply endorsement by the authors or the University of Nebraska. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 89 IS 11 BP 3452 EP 3459 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-3961 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 842BQ UT WOS:000296562000011 PM 21622877 ER PT J AU Schneider, JF Rempel, LA Rohrer, GA Brown-Brandl, TM AF Schneider, J. F. Rempel, L. A. Rohrer, G. A. Brown-Brandl, T. M. TI Genetic parameter estimates among scale activity score and farrowing disposition with reproductive traits in swine SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE behavior; correlation; heritability; reproduction; swine ID INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIORAL-CHARACTERISTICS; EFFICIENT LEAN GROWTH; LITTER SIZE; MATERNAL-BEHAVIOR; SERVICE SIRE; PIGS; SOWS; COMPONENTS; LANDRACE; POPULATIONS AB The primary objective of this study was to determine if certain behavior traits were genetically correlated with reproduction. If 1 or both of the behavior traits were found to be correlated, a secondary objective was to determine if the behavior traits could be useful in selecting for more productive females. A scale activity score taken at 5 mo of age and a farrowing disposition score taken at farrowing were selected as the behavioral traits. Scale activity score ranged from 1 to 5 and farrowing disposition ranged from 1 to 3. Reproductive traits included age at puberty, number born alive, number born dead, litter birth weight, average piglet birth weight, number weaned, litter weaning weight, average weaning weight, wean-to-estrus interval, ovulation rate including gilts, and postweaning ovulation rate. Genetic correlations between scale activity score and reproduction ranged from -0.79 to 0.61. Three of the correlations, number born alive (P < 0.01), average piglet birth weight (P < 0.001), and wean-to-estrus interval (P = 0.014), were statistically significant but included both favorable and antagonistic correlations. In contrast, all but 1 of the farrowing disposition correlations was favorable and ranged from -0.66 to 0.67. Although only the correlation with litter birth weight was significant (P = 0.018), the consistent favorable direction of all farrowing disposition correlations, except average weaning weight, shows a potential for inclusion of farrowing disposition into a selection program. C1 [Schneider, J. F.; Rempel, L. A.; Rohrer, G. A.; Brown-Brandl, T. M.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Schneider, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Jim.Schneider@ARS.USDA.Gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 89 IS 11 BP 3514 EP 3521 DI 10.2527/jas.2010-3510 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 842BQ UT WOS:000296562000017 PM 21705635 ER PT J AU Grant, JK Abreu, FM Hojer, NL Fields, SD Perry, BL Perry, GA AF Grant, J. K. Abreu, F. M. Hojer, N. L. Fields, S. D. Perry, B. L. Perry, G. A. TI Influence of inducing luteal regression before a modified controlled internal drug-releasing device treatment on control of follicular development SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE controlled internal drug-releasing device; estrus; follicle diameter; gonadotropin releasing hormone; ovulation ID TIMED ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; BOVINE ESTROUS-CYCLE; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; BEEF HEIFERS; OVARIAN-FOLLICLES; OVULATORY FOLLICLE; CORPUS-LUTEUM; PROGESTERONE; ESTRUS AB At the initiation of most controlled internal drug-releasing (CIDR) device protocols, GnRH has been used to induce ovulation and reset follicular waves; however, its ability to initiate a new follicular wave is variable and dependent on stage of the estrous cycle. The objectives of the current studies were to determine 1) if inducing luteal regression before the injection of GnRH at time of insertion of a CIDR resulted in increased control of follicular development, and 2) if removing endogenous progesterone by inducing luteal regression before insertion of the CIDR decreased variation in LH pulse frequency. In Exp. 1 and 2, Angus-cross cycling beef heifers (n = 22 and 38, respectively) were allotted to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) heifers received an injection of PGF(2 alpha) on d 3, an injection of GnRH and insertion of a CIDR on d 0, and a PGF(2 alpha) injection and CIDR removal on d 6 (PG-CIDR) or 2) an injection of GnRH and insertion of a CIDR on d 0 and on d 7 an injection of PGF(2 alpha) and removal of CIDR (Select Synch + CIDR). In Exp. 3, Angus-cross beef heifers (n = 15) were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: 1) PG-CIDR; 2) PGF(2 alpha) on d 3, GnRH on d 0, and PGF(2 alpha) on d 6 (PG-No CIDR); or 3) Select Synch + CIDR. Follicular development and ovulatory response were determined by transrectal ultrasonography. Across all experiments, more (P = 0.02) heifers treated with PG before GnRH initiated a new follicular wave after the injection of GnRH compared with Select Synch + CIDR-treated heifers. In Exp. 1, after CIDR removal, interval to estrus did not differ (P = 0.18) between treatments; however, the variance for the interval to estrus was reduced (P < 0.01) in PG-CIDR heifers compared with Select Synch + CIDR heifers. In Exp. 3, there was a tendency (P = 0.09) for LH pulse frequency to be greater among PG-CIDR and PG-No CIDR compared with the Select Synch + CIDR, but area under the curve, mean LH concentrations, and mean amplitude did not differ (P > 0.76). In summary, induction of luteal regression before an injection of GnRH increased the percentage of heifers initiating a new follicular wave. Removal of endogenous progesterone tended to increase LH pulse frequency, and the modified treatment increased the synchrony of estrus after CIDR removal. C1 [Grant, J. K.; Hojer, N. L.; Fields, S. D.; Perry, B. L.; Perry, G. A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Abreu, F. M.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Perry, GA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM george.perry@sdstate.edu FU South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station (Brookings); Griffith Undergraduate Research Program (Brookings) FX This research was supported by the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station (Brookings) and the Griffith Undergraduate Research Program (Brookings). Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station or the authors and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. The authors gratefully acknowledge Pfizer Animal Health (New York, NY) for the donation of the controlled internal drug-releasing device and Lutalyse. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 89 IS 11 BP 3531 EP 3541 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-3852 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 842BQ UT WOS:000296562000019 PM 21666008 ER PT J AU Bohnert, DW DelCurto, T Clark, AA Merrill, ML Falck, SJ Harmon, DL AF Bohnert, D. W. DelCurto, T. Clark, A. A. Merrill, M. L. Falck, S. J. Harmon, D. L. TI Protein supplementation of ruminants consuming low-quality cool- or warm-season forage: Differences in intake and digestibility SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; forage; intake; protein; sheep; supplementation ID TALLGRASS-PRAIRIE FORAGE; DEGRADABLE INTAKE PROTEIN; BEEF STEERS; AMMONIA CONCENTRATION; MICROBIAL EFFICIENCY; NUTRITIONAL QUALITY; ANIMAL PERFORMANCE; VOLUNTARY INTAKE; C-4 GRASSES; DRY-MATTER AB An in situ study (Exp. 1) using 4 ruminally cannulated steers (343 perpendicular to 11 kg of BW) in a completely randomized design was used to compare ruminal degradation characteristics of low-quality cool-season (C3; Kentucky bluegrass straw; Poa pratensis; 6.3% CP; DM basis) and warm-season (C4; tallgrass prairie; 5.7% CP; DM basis) forage. Four ruminally cannulated steers (252 perpendicular to 8 kg of BW; Exp. 2) and 4 wethers (38 perpendicular to 1 kg of BW; Exp. 3) were used in two 2 x 2 factorial arrangements of treatments to determine the influence of supplemental CP (CPSupp; soybean meal; 0.09 and 0.19% of BW, CP basis, for steers and lambs, respectively) on nutrient intake and digestion of C3 and C4 forages. Steers and wethers were allotted to separate 4 x 4 Latin squares that ran simultaneously with 20-d periods. In Exp. 1, C3 had a greater A fraction (fraction of total pool disappearing at a rate too rapid to measure) and effective degradability of DM and NDF compared with C4 (P < 0.01). In addition, C3 had a greater (P < 0.01) A fraction and effective degradability of N, whereas the C fraction (fraction of total pool unavailable in the rumen) was less (P < 0.01) than those for C4. Consequently, RDP accounted for 84.7% of total CP in C3 as compared with 66% for C4 (P < 0.01). In Exp. 2, a CPSupp x forage interaction (P < 0.01) was noted for forage and total DMI, with CPSupp increasing intake of C4 by 47% and intake of C3 forage by only 7%. Dry matter digestibility responded similarly, with a CPSupp x forage interaction (P = 0.05; CPSupp increased digestibility by 21% with C4 and by 9% with C3 forage). In addition, CPSupp x forage interactions were noted for ruminal liquid retention time (P = 0.02; CPSupp decreased retention by 3.6 h with C4 and by only 0.6 h with C3 forage) and particulate passage rate (P = 0.02; CPSupp increased passage by 46% with C4 and by 10% with C3 forage). As in Exp. 2, a CPSupp x forage interaction (P = 0.01; CPSupp increased digestibility by 18% with C4 and by 7% with C3 forage) was observed with DM digestibility in Exp. 3. In contrast, only N balance (P < 0.01) and N digestibility (P < 0.01) were affected by CPSupp. These data suggest that intake and digestion of low-quality C3 and C4 forages by ruminants are not similar and, more important, that the physiological response of ruminants to protein supplementation of low-quality forage is dependent on forage type. C1 [Bohnert, D. W.] Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [DelCurto, T.] Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Union, OR 97883 USA. [Clark, A. A.] Bur Land Management, Dept Interior, Kingman, AZ 86401 USA. [Merrill, M. L.] Univ Calif, Alturas, CA 96101 USA. [Falck, S. J.] USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Harmon, D. L.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Bohnert, DW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM dave.bohnert@oregonstate.edu NR 60 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 89 IS 11 BP 3707 EP 3717 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-3915 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 842BQ UT WOS:000296562000037 PM 21622884 ER PT J AU Shackelford, SD King, DA Wheeler, TL AF Shackelford, S. D. King, D. A. Wheeler, T. L. TI Development of a system for classification of pork loins for tenderness using visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE near-infrared; pork; prediction; slice shear force; tenderness ID LONGISSIMUS TENDERNESS; MEAT QUALITY; PREDICTION AB Boneless pork loins (n = 901) were evaluated either on the loin boning and trimming line of large-scale commercial plants (n = 465) or at the US Meat Animal Research Center abattoir (n = 436). Exposed LM on the ventral side of boneless loins was evaluated with visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (VISNIR; 450 to 1,000 nm) using a commercial system that was developed for on-line evaluation of beef tenderness. Boneless loin sections were aged (2 degrees C) until 14 d postmortem, and two 2.54-cm-thick chops were obtained from the 11th-rib region. Fresh (never frozen) chops were cooked (71 degrees C) and LM slice shear force (SSF) was measured on each of the 2 chops. Those 2 values were averaged, and that value was used for all analyses. Loins were blocked by plant (n = 3), production day (n = 24), and observed SSF (mean = 13.9 kg; SD = 3.7 kg; CV = 26.8%; range 6.4 to 32.4 kg). One-half of the loins were assigned to a calibration data set, which was used to develop regression equations, and one-half of the loins were assigned to a prediction data set, which was used to validate the regression equations. A partial least-squares regression model was developed, and loins were classified as predicted tender or not predicted tender if their VISNIR-predicted SSF was <14.0 kg or >= 14.0 kg, respectively. Analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of VISNIR classification on SSF. The calibration data set and prediction data set had 61.9 and 60.9% of the loins classified as predicted tender, respectively. For both the calibration data set and the prediction data set, mean SSF was less for loins predicted tender than loins not predicted tender (P < 0.001). Relative to loins that were not predicted tender, the percentage of loins with SSF >= 20 kg was less for loins predicted tender in the calibration data set (3.6 vs. 8.1%) and prediction data set (1.8 vs. 13.6%). These results clearly indicate that the VISNIR technology could be used to noninvasively classify pork loins on-line for tenderness. C1 [Shackelford, S. D.; King, D. A.; Wheeler, T. L.] USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Shackelford, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM steven.shackelford@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 89 IS 11 BP 3803 EP 3808 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4249 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 842BQ UT WOS:000296562000046 PM 21680788 ER PT J AU Gregorini, P Gunter, SA Bowman, MT Caldwell, JD Masino, CA Coblentz, WK Beck, PA AF Gregorini, P. Gunter, S. A. Bowman, M. T. Caldwell, J. D. Masino, C. A. Coblentz, W. K. Beck, P. A. TI Effect of herbage depletion on short-term foraging dynamics and diet quality of steers grazing wheat pastures SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diet quality; grazing behavior; herbage depletion; ruminal degradation kinetics ID IN-SITU; BEEF HEIFERS; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; FEEDING STATION; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; ENERGY-COST; BEHAVIOR; CATTLE; SWARD; SHEEP AB Two complementary experiments were completed to assess short-term foraging dynamics, diet quality, and ruminal degradation kinetics of herbage consumed by steers with 3 levels of herbage depletion. Experiment 1 was a behavioral study in which 2 ruminally cannulated steers were allocated to grazing scenarios simulating 3 levels of herbage depletion. These treatments included an ungrazed sward (control), as well as medium and high levels of herbage depletion. Grazing scenarios were sampled for sward surface height and amount of green leaf and stem before being grazed. Foraging dynamics were determined through measurements of bite rate, bite depth, eating step rate, eating distance, potential area consumed while grazing, and bites and intake per eating step. Also, quality of potential herbage consumed was estimated from hand-plucked herbage. In Exp. 2, ruminal degradation kinetics of DM for samples of herbage consumed (masticate) by steers during Exp. 1 were assessed in situ using 5 ruminally cannulated steers. The immediately soluble, degraded, and undegraded DM fractions were determined. The DM disappearance rate and lag times were determined from a nonlinear regression model, and the effective degradability of DM was calculated. Herbage depletion resulted in increased eating steps/minute, as well as the potential area harvested while grazing (P < 0.05) and reduced herbage intake/eating step (P < 0.05). Neither the herbage potentially consumed nor the ruminal degradation kinetics was affected by extent of depletion (P > 0.05). Under these experimental conditions, steers adapted their foraging dynamic and were able to sustain diet quality in the short term. These results imply that behavioral adaptations would make diet quality less sensitive to certain levels of herbage depletion. C1 [Gunter, S. A.] ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, USDA, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. [Gregorini, P.; Bowman, M. T.; Caldwell, J. D.; Masino, C. A.; Beck, P. A.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Div Agr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Coblentz, W. K.] ARS, US Dairy Res Ctr, USDA, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. RP Gunter, SA (reprint author), ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, USDA, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. EM Stacey.Gunter@ars.usda.gov OI Gregorini, Pablo/0000-0002-7084-5223 FU University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station (Fayetteville) [AR001735]; National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2005-35101-15344] FX The project was conducted with funding from the University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station (Fayetteville), Hatch Project No. AR001735, and the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant No. 2005-35101-15344. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. Thanks are due to C. P. West, E. B. Kegley, H. Flores, R. Flores, and M. Phillips (University of Arkansas, Fayetteville) for their helpful comments on the manuscript and guidance during the experimental work. The authors also thank Matt Poore (North Carolina State University, Raleigh), Gerald Horn (Oklahoma State University, Stillwater), and Mark Petersen (USDA-ARS, Ft. Keogh, MT) for their critical comments and manuscript review. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 89 IS 11 BP 3824 EP 3830 DI 10.2527/jas.2010-3725 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 842BQ UT WOS:000296562000049 PM 21642497 ER PT J AU Liu, CK Latona, NP AF Liu, Cheng-Kung Latona, Nicholas P. TI AIRBORNE ULTRASONIC INSPECTION FOR HIDES AND LEATHER SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Currently, bides and leather are visually inspected and ranked for quality, sale price and usable area. Visual inspection is not reliable for detecting defects, which are usually hidden inside the material. This manual assessment is non-uniform among operators, and often leads to disputes over fair price. Development of a nondestructive method to accurately evaluate the quality of hides and leather is needed. We have investigated airborne ultrasonic (AU) testing using non-contact transducers for the nondestructive evaluation of hides and leather. The AU test system is designed for automated and moving process applications, thereby providing an ideal inspection method for large hides or leather. This research examined the ability of AU to reveal defects in hides and leather that are difficult to be found during visual inspection. The AU transducers were mounted on a computer-controlled X-Y scanner that allows the transducer array to be moved over the entire surface of the hide. The AU testing involves pulsing ultrasonic waves and measuring the amplitude of those waves transmitted through the material. The key for success in AU testing is to use AU transducers with low resonant frequencies, which leads an effective transmission of ultrasound waves through the leather or hides. The variations in the amplitude were colored coded into C-scan images to reveal the location and shape of the defects or some other physical discontinuity that could affect the hides or leather quality. Using AU C-scan images could advance the industry in how it assesses and grades raw hides, wet blue, wet white and finished leather. C1 [Liu, Cheng-Kung; Latona, Nicholas P.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Liu, CK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ChengKung.Liu@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOC PI LUBBOCK PA 1314 50 ST, STE 103, LUBBOCK, TX 79412 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 106 IS 11 BP 326 EP 331 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 846UI UT WOS:000296928300002 ER PT J AU Thakare, D Kumudini, S Dinkins, RD AF Thakare, Dhiraj Kumudini, Saratha Dinkins, Randy D. TI The alleles at the E1 locus impact the expression pattern of two soybean FT-like genes shown to induce flowering in Arabidopsis SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; GmFT; E-genes; Flowering time; Soybean; Photoperiod control; Diurnal expression ID MAX L MERRILL; FLORAL INDUCTION; PHOTOPERIODIC CONTROL; MATURITY ISOLINES; GROWTH HABIT; RICE; TIME; PROTEIN; VERNALIZATION; HOMOLOGS AB A small gene family of phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBP) has been shown to function as key regulators in flowering; in Arabidopsis thaliana the FT protein promotes flowering whilst the closely related TFL1 protein represses flowering. Control of flowering time in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is important for geographic adaptation and maximizing yield. Soybean breeders have identified a series of loci, the E-genes, that control photoperiod-mediated flowering time, yet how these loci control flowering is poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the expression of GmFT-like genes in the E1 near-isogenic line (NIL) background. Of the 20 closely related PEBP proteins in the soybean genome, ten are similar to the Arabidopsis FT protein. Expression analysis of these ten GmFT-like genes confirmed that only two are detectable in the conditions tested. Further analysis of these two genes in the E1 NILs grown under short-day (SD) and long-day (LD) conditions showed a diurnal expression and tissue specificity expression commensurate with soybean flowering time under SD and LD conditions, suggesting that these were good candidates for flowering induction in soybean. Arabidopsis ft mutant lines flowered early when transformed with the two soybean genes, suggesting that the soybean genes can complement the Arabidopsis FT function. Flowering time in E1 NILs is consistent with the differential expression of the two GmFT-like genes under SD and LD conditions, suggesting that the E1 locus, at least in part, impacts time to flowering through the regulation of soybean FT expression. C1 [Dinkins, Randy D.] ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, USDA, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Thakare, Dhiraj; Kumudini, Saratha] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Dinkins, RD (reprint author), ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, USDA, Univ Kentucky Campus,N220 Agr Sci Bldg N, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM randy.dinkins@ars.usda.gov OI Dinkins, Randy/0000-0002-2127-273X NR 54 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD NOV PY 2011 VL 234 IS 5 BP 933 EP 943 DI 10.1007/s00425-011-1450-8 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 839OT UT WOS:000296378000006 PM 21681526 ER PT J AU Zhang, HC Wang, CF Cheng, YL Wang, XJ Li, F Han, QM Xu, JR Chen, XM Huang, LL Wei, GR Kang, ZS AF Zhang, Hongchang Wang, Chenfang Cheng, Yulin Wang, Xiaojie Li, Feng Han, Qingmei Xu, Jinrong Chen, Xianming Huang, Lili Wei, Guorong Kang, Zhensheng TI Histological and molecular studies of the non-host interaction between wheat and Uromyces fabae SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Non-host resistance; Papilla formation; Broad bean rust; Wheat rust resistance ID F-SP TRITICI; NON-HOST PLANT; PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; POWDERY MILDEW; RUST FUNGI; DISEASE RESISTANCE; COMPATIBLE INTERACTION; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; COWPEA RUST AB Non-host resistance (NHR) confers plant species immunity against the majority of microbes. As an important crop, wheat can be damaged by several Puccinia species but is immune to all Uromyces species. Here, we studied the basis of NHR in wheat against the broad bean rust pathogen Uromyces fabae (Uf). In the wheat-Uf interaction, microscopic observations showed that urediospores germinated efficiently on wheat leaves. However, over 98% of the germ tubes failed to form appressoria over stomata. For the few that invaded through stomata, the majority of them failed to penetrate wheat mesophyll cells. At 96 hours after inoculation, less than 4% of the Uf infection units that had entered the mesophyll tissue formed haustoria. Attempted penetration by haustorium mother cells induced the thickening of cell wall and the formation of papillae in plant cells, which arrested the development or growth of Uf penetration pegs. For the Uf haustoria formed in wheat cells, they were encased in callose-like materials and did not elicit hypersensitive response. Localized accumulation of H(2)O(2) were observed in plant cell walls, papillae and encasement of haustoria during the wheat-Uf interaction. Furthermore, quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that several genes involved in basal resistance and oxidative stress responses were up-regulated during Uf infection. In conclusion, our study revealed the cytological and molecular bases of NHR in wheat against the non-adapted rust fungus Uf, and highlighted the significance of papilla production in the prehaustorial NHR. C1 [Zhang, Hongchang; Wang, Chenfang; Cheng, Yulin; Wang, Xiaojie; Li, Feng; Han, Qingmei; Xu, Jinrong; Huang, Lili; Wei, Guorong; Kang, Zhensheng] NW A&F Univ, State Key Lab Crop Stress Biol Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Hongchang; Wang, Chenfang; Cheng, Yulin; Wang, Xiaojie; Li, Feng; Han, Qingmei; Xu, Jinrong; Huang, Lili; Wei, Guorong; Kang, Zhensheng] NW A&F Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Hongchang] NW A&F Univ, Coll Life Sci, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Xu, Jinrong] Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Kang, ZS (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, State Key Lab Crop Stress Biol Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM kangzs@nwsuaf.edu.cn RI Zhao, jing/B-7349-2008; OI Wang, Xiaojie/0000-0001-9968-0373 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2006CB100203]; Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System in China; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30930064]; Ministry of Education of China [B07049] FX This study was supported by grants from National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2006CB100203), Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System in China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30930064), and the 111 Project from the Ministry of Education of China (B07049). NR 52 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD NOV PY 2011 VL 234 IS 5 BP 979 EP 991 DI 10.1007/s00425-011-1453-5 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 839OT UT WOS:000296378000009 PM 21691848 ER PT J AU Brown, HE Levy, CE Enscore, RE Schriefer, ME DeLiberto, TJ Gage, KL Eisen, RJ AF Brown, Heidi E. Levy, Craig E. Enscore, Russell E. Schriefer, Martin E. DeLiberto, Thomas J. Gage, Kenneth L. Eisen, Rebecca J. TI Annual Seroprevalence of Yersinia pestis in Coyotes as Predictors of Interannual Variation in Reports of Human Plague Cases in Arizona, United States SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Arizona; Coyote seroprevalence rates; Meteorology; Plague; Yersinia pestis ID CANIS-LATRANS; NEW-MEXICO; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; SYLVATIC PLAGUE; BUBONIC PLAGUE; RISK-FACTORS; HOME RANGE; CLIMATE; SURVEILLANCE; PRECIPITATION AB Although several health departments collect coyote blood samples for plague surveillance, the association between reported human cases and coyote seroprevalence rates remains anecdotal. Using data from an endemic region of the United States, we sought to quantify this association. From 1974 to 1998, about 2,276 coyote blood samples from four Arizona counties were tested for serological evidence of exposure to Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague. Using a titer threshold presumed to be indicative of recent infection (serum titers of >= 1:256), we found a statistically significant relationship between years with >17% sero-positive coyotes and years with two or more human cases reported. Moreover, when the annual coyote seroprevalence rates were dichotomized at 17%, 84% of the years were correctly classified using four biologically relevant meteorological variables in a linear regression. This is the first time a statistically significant temporal association between human plague cases and coyote seroprevalence rates has been shown. However, issues with data resolution and surveillance effort that potentially limit the public health utility of using coyote seroprevalence rates are discussed. C1 [Brown, Heidi E.; Enscore, Russell E.; Schriefer, Martin E.; Gage, Kenneth L.; Eisen, Rebecca J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Levy, Craig E.] Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. [DeLiberto, Thomas J.] Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Dis Program, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Brown, HE (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, 1103 2nd St,Harvill Room 405, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM heidibrown@email.arizona.edu OI Brown, Heidi/0000-0001-8578-5510 FU U.S. Department of Energy; CDC FX We thank numerous employees of the USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Wildlife Services, for the collection of coyote samples. We thank John Young, CDC, NCEZID, DVBD, for helpful discussion. This research was supported in part by the appointment of Heidi E. Brown to the Research Participation Program at the CDC, NCEZID, DVBD, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the CDC. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 11 IS 11 BP 1439 EP 1446 DI 10.1089/vbz.2010.0196 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 846SO UT WOS:000296923700004 PM 21756031 ER PT J AU DeSutter, T Goosen-Alix, P Prunty, L White, P Casey, F AF DeSutter, Tom Goosen-Alix, Patricia Prunty, Lyle White, Paul, Jr. Casey, Frank TI Smooth Brome (Bromus inermis Leyss) and Soil Chemical Response to Concrete Grinding Residue Application SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Concrete disposal; Industrial by-product; Roadside soil ID INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS; STRONTIUM UPTAKE; CADMIUM; ACCUMULATION; PLANTS; LEAD; BIOAVAILABILITY; STRENGTH; CATIONS; CESIUM AB Concrete grinding residue (CGR) is a by-product created by concrete pavement maintenance operations. The application of CGR to roadside soils is not consistently regulated by state agencies across the USA, which is partially due to the lack of science-based information on its impacts to soils and plants. The objectives of this research were to determine the impact of CGR additions to soil on both smooth brome (Bromus inermis L.) biomass and plant and soil chemical parameters. In a greenhouse study, two soils were treated with two CGR by-products at 8% and 25% by weight. Shoot biomass was significantly influenced by the main effects (Soil, CGR, and Rate) and by all two-way interactions, but not consistently positively or negatively correlated. Trace metal concentrations in the shoot biomass were variable, but 68% of these metals had the same concentration or lower in the 25% CGR treatments compared with the controls. Soil pH and electrical conductivity were significantly influenced by the main effects and two-way interactions of Soil x Rate and CGR x Rate, and soil pH was significantly greater in the CGR-treated soils. Calcium, Na, Mg, Al, and S concentrations in soils were all influenced by additions of CGR, but trace metal levels in the treatments were all within the range for uncontaminated soils. Ecosystem impact of applying CGR will be dependent upon the quality of CGR and soil characteristics. Controlling the liming potential of CGR should be considered a best management practice. C1 [DeSutter, Tom; Goosen-Alix, Patricia; Prunty, Lyle; Casey, Frank] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [White, Paul, Jr.] ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, USDA, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP DeSutter, T (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, 214 Walster Hall,POB 7680, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM thomas.desutter@ndsu.edu; patricia.goosen-alix@ndsu.edu; lyle.prunty@ndsu.edu; Paul.White@ars.usda.gov; francis.casey@ndsu.edu RI Casey, Francis/A-2135-2010 OI Casey, Francis/0000-0002-6035-7234 FU International Grooving and Grinding Association FX Technical assistance was provided by Kevin Horsager. Funding for sample analyses was provided for by the International Grooving and Grinding Association. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 222 IS 1-4 BP 195 EP 204 DI 10.1007/s11270-011-0816-7 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 842WQ UT WOS:000296632900013 ER PT J AU Pithua, P Godden, SM Wells, SJ Stabel, JR AF Pithua, Patrick Godden, Sandra M. Wells, Scott J. Stabel, Judith R. TI Evaluation of the risk of paratuberculosis in adult cows fed Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis DNA-positive or -negative colostrum as calves SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BOVINE MAMMARY-GLANDS; SOMATIC-CELL COUNTS; JOHNES-DISEASE; DAIRY CALVES; PASSIVE TRANSFER; HOLSTEIN CALVES; INFECTED COWS; FECAL CULTURE; DIAGNOSIS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN AB Objective-To estimate the risk of subclinical Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP) infection in cows that ingested MAP DNA-positive raw colostrum as calves, compared with risk in cows that ingested MAP DNA-negative raw colostrum as calves. Animals-205 calves born in 12 commercial dairy herds. Procedures-Each calf was separated from its dam within 30 to 60 minutes after birth and fed raw colostrum. For each calf, samples of the colostrum fed were collected and tested for the presence of MAP DNA by use of a nested PCR assay for the target gene ISMAP02. Calves fed colostrum positive or negative for MAP DNA were classified into exposed (n = 69) and unexposed (136) groups, respectively. Each calf was tested for MAP infection at 30, 42, and 54 months of age by use of a serum ELISA and bacterial culture of feces. Weibull hazard regression models were used to evaluate the association between exposure to MAP DNA-positive colostrum and time to testing positive for MAP infection. Results-Hazard of MAP infection was not different between groups (exposed vs unexposed) when serum ELISA, bacterial culture of feces, or both diagnostic tests (parallel interpretation) were positive. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Heifer calves fed MAP DNA-positive colostrum were at no greater risk of MAP infection, compared with heifer calves fed MAP DNA-negative colostrum. This result contradicts findings from other studies and should be interpreted with caution. (Am J Vet Res 2011;72:1456-1464) C1 [Pithua, Patrick; Godden, Sandra M.; Wells, Scott J.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Populat Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Stabel, Judith R.] ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Pithua, P (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Med & Surg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM pithuap@missouri.edu RI Wright, Lori/G-7315-2011; Pithua, Patrick/J-2426-2013 OI Pithua, Patrick/0000-0002-2817-5772 FU Minnesota Rapid Agricultural Response Fund; American Protein Corporation Incorporated; USDA-CSREES [1716-669-6304]; Johne's Disease Integrated Program FX Supported by the Minnesota Rapid Agricultural Response Fund, the American Protein Corporation Incorporated, the USDA-CSREES NRI Competitive Grants Program (No. 1716-669-6304), and the Johne's Disease Integrated Program. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 72 IS 11 BP 1456 EP 1464 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 841XI UT WOS:000296548100005 PM 22023123 ER PT J AU Pauszek, SJ Barrera, JD Goldberg, T Allende, R Rodriguez, LL AF Pauszek, Steven J. Barrera, Jose del C. Goldberg, Tony Allende, Rossana Rodriguez, Luis L. TI Genetic and antigenic relationships of vesicular stomatitis viruses from South America SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHLEBOTOMINE SAND FLIES; NEW-JERSEY SEROTYPE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; GLYCOPROTEIN GENE; INDIANA SEROTYPE; UNITED-STATES; EVOLUTION; VESICULOVIRUSES; REEMERGENCE; SEQUENCES AB Vesicular stomatitis (VS) viruses have been classified into two serotypes: New Jersey (VSNJV) and Indiana (VSIV). Here, we have characterized field isolates causing vesicular stomatitis in Brazil and Argentina over a 35-year span. Cluster analysis based on either serological relatedness, as inferred from virus neutralization and complement fixation assays, or nucleotide sequences of two separate genes (phosphoprotein or glycoprotein) grouped the field isolates into two distinct monophyletic groups within the Indiana serogroup. One group included seven viruses from Brazil and Argentina that were serologically classified as Indiana-2 and Cocal virus (COCV). The other group contained three viruses from Brazil that were serologically classified as Indiana-3 and the prototype of this group, Alagoas virus (VSAV). Interestingly, two vesiculoviruses that were isolated from insects but do not cause disease in animals, one from Brazil (Maraba virus; MARAV) and the other from Colombia (CoAr 171638), grouped into two separate genetic lineages within the Indiana serotype. Our data provide support for the classification of viruses causing clinical VS in livestock in Brazil and Argentina into two distinct groups: Indiana-2 (VSIV-2) and Indiana-3 (VSIV-3). We suggest using nomenclature for these viruses that includes the serotype, year and place of occurrence, and affected host. This nomenclature is consistent with that currently utilized to describe field isolates of VSNJV or VSIV in scientific literature. C1 [Pauszek, Steven J.; Barrera, Jose del C.; Rodriguez, Luis L.] ARS, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Goldberg, Tony] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Allende, Rossana] PAHO, Pan Amer Foot and Mouth Dis Ctr, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Rodriguez, LL (reprint author), ARS, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM luis.rodriguez@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 156 IS 11 BP 1961 EP 1968 DI 10.1007/s00705-011-1081-1 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 841JZ UT WOS:000296509900005 PM 21830071 ER PT J AU Tzanetakis, IE Wintermantel, WM Poudel, B Zhou, J AF Tzanetakis, Ioannis E. Wintermantel, William M. Poudel, Bindu Zhou, Jing TI Diodia vein chlorosis virus is a group-1 crinivirus SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Crinivirus; Closteroviridae; Detection; Whitefly; Transmission; Phylogeny ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PALLIDOSIS-ASSOCIATED VIRUS; INFECTIOUS YELLOWS VIRUS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; GENOME ORGANIZATION; GENUS CRINIVIRUS; RNA VIRUSES; MEMBER; CLOSTEROVIRIDAE; CYTOPATHOLOGY AB Members of the family Closteroviridae have emerged as a major problem in agricultural crops in the past two decades. Diodia vein chlorosis virus (DVCV) is an understudied whitefly-transmitted closterovirus. Given the presence of the primary host for the virus in major agricultural production areas in the United States, we characterized the virus at the molecular level, demonstrating that it belongs in the genus Crinivirus, developed detection protocols, evaluated its host range among hosts known to harbor viruses closely related to DVCV, and confirmed transmission by a second whitefly species, Trialeurodes vaporariorum. C1 [Tzanetakis, Ioannis E.; Poudel, Bindu] Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Div Agr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Tzanetakis, Ioannis E.; Zhou, Jing] Univ Arkansas, Cellular & Mol Biol Program, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Wintermantel, William M.] ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Tzanetakis, IE (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Div Agr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM itzaneta@uark.edu RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 FU US Department of Agriculture under the Specialty Crops Research Initiative (SCRI) [2009-51181-06022]; Arkansas Agricultural Experimental Station FX We would like to thank Dr. R. Larsen for intriguing discussions on DVCV. This project was funded by the US Department of Agriculture under the Specialty Crops Research Initiative (SCRI), award number 2009-51181-06022, and start-up funds from the Arkansas Agricultural Experimental Station to IET. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 156 IS 11 BP 2033 EP 2037 DI 10.1007/s00705-011-1055-3 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 841JZ UT WOS:000296509900013 PM 21735210 ER PT J AU Cheung, AK Long, JX Huang, L Yuan, SS AF Cheung, Andrew K. Long, Jin-Xue Huang, Lv Yuan, Shi-Shan TI The RNA profile of porcine parvovirus 4, a boca-like virus, is unique among the parvoviruses SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTION PROFILE; SIMIAN PARVOVIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; REPLICATION; BOCAVIRUS; FEATURES; REVEALS; TYPE-2 AB PPV4 transcribes its genome from a single promoter, and the RNAs are generated via alternate splicing coupled with alternate polyadenylation, a strategy similar to that of the bocaviruses; however, several differences were detected. The PPV4 ORF1 codes for four NS proteins, while the bocavirus ORF1 codes for 1-3 NS proteins. Whereas the VP1/VP2 capsid proteins of bocavirus are encoded by a single RNA, VP1 and VP2 of PPV4 are encoded by two separate RNAs. While ORF3 of PPV4 encodes two NP proteins, ORF3 of bocavirus codes for only one NP polypeptide. Taken together, PPV4 is unique among the parvoviruses. C1 [Cheung, Andrew K.] ARS, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Long, Jin-Xue; Huang, Lv; Yuan, Shi-Shan] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Shanghai Vet Res Inst, Dept Swine Infect Dis, Shanghai 200241, Peoples R China. RP Cheung, AK (reprint author), ARS, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM andrew.cheung@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 156 IS 11 BP 2071 EP 2078 DI 10.1007/s00705-011-1072-2 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 841JZ UT WOS:000296509900019 PM 21785854 ER PT J AU Mascaro, J Litton, CM Hughes, RF Uowolo, A Schnitzer, SA AF Mascaro, Joseph Litton, Creighton M. Hughes, R. Flint Uowolo, Amanda Schnitzer, Stefan A. TI Minimizing Bias in Biomass Allometry: Model Selection and Log-transformation of Data SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE allometry; Hawai'i; heteroscedasticity; linear regression; nonlinear regression analysis; Psidium cattleianum ID LOGARITHMIC TRANSFORMATION; FORESTS; HAWAII; INVASION; PLANTS AB Nonlinear regression is increasingly used to develop allometric equations for forest biomass estimation (i.e., as opposed to the traditional approach of log-transformation followed by linear regression). Most statistical software packages, however, assume additive errors by default, violating a key assumption of allometric theory and possibly producing spurious models. Here, we show that such models may bias stand-level biomass estimates by up to 100 percent in young forests, and we present an alternative nonlinear fitting approach that conforms with allometric theory. C1 [Mascaro, Joseph] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 96025 USA. [Mascaro, Joseph; Schnitzer, Stefan A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Mascaro, Joseph; Schnitzer, Stefan A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Litton, Creighton M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hughes, R. Flint; Uowolo, Amanda] US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Mascaro, J (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 96025 USA. EM jmascaro@stanford.edu OI Schnitzer, Stefan/0000-0002-2715-9455 FU Applied Ecological Services Inc.; NSF; UWM; National Science Foundation [DEB-0816486] FX Jim Baldwin (USFS-PSW) provided assistance fitting models. J. Mascaro was supported by a grant from Applied Ecological Services Inc., an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship, and a UWM Golda Meir Library Scholar Award. Additional support was provided by a grant from the National Science Foundation to C. M. Litton (DEB-0816486). Comments from four anonymous reviewers improved this manuscript. NR 17 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 7 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD NOV PY 2011 VL 43 IS 6 BP 649 EP 653 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2011.00798.x PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 846NF UT WOS:000296909800001 ER PT J AU Hume, ME Barbosa, NA Dowd, SE Sakomura, NK Nalian, AG Kley, AMV Oviedo-Rondon, EO AF Hume, Michael E. Barbosa, Nei A. Dowd, Scot E. Sakomura, Nilva K. Nalian, Armen G. Kley, Alexandra Martynova-Van Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O. TI Use of Pyrosequencing and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis to Examine the Effects of Probiotics and Essential Oil Blends on Digestive Microflora in Broilers Under Mixed Eimeria Infection SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; INTESTINAL MICROBIAL ECOLOGY; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GUT BACTERIA; POPULATIONS AB A protective digestive microflora helps prevent and reduce broiler infection and colonization by enteropathogens. In the current experiment, broilers fed diets supplemented with probiotics and essential oil (EO) blends were infected with a standard mixed Eimeria spp. to determine effects of performance enhancers on ileal and cecal microbial communities (MCs). Eight treatment groups included four controls (uninfected-unmedicated [UU], unmedicated-infected, the antibiotic BMD plus the ionophore Coban as positive control, and the ionophore as negative control), and four treatments (probiotics BC-30 and Calsporin; and EO, Crina Poultry Plus, and Crina PoultryAF). Day-old broilers were raised to 14 days in floor pens on used litter and then were moved to Petersime batteries and inoculated at 15 days with mixed Eimeria spp. Ileal and cecal samples were collected at 14 days and 7 days postinfection. Digesta DNA was subjected to pyrosequencing for sequencing of individual cecal bacteria and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) for determination of changes in ileal and cecal MC according to percentage similarity coefficient (%SC). Pyrosequencing is very sensitive detecting shifts in individual bacterial sequences, whereas DGGE is able to detect gross shifts in entire MC. These combined techniques offer versatility toward identifying feed additive and mild Eimeria infection modulation of broiler MC. Pyrosequencing detected 147 bacterial species sequences. Additionally, pyrosequencing revealed the presence of relatively low levels of the potential human enteropathogens Campylobacter sp. and four Shigella spp. as well as the potential poultry pathogen Clostridiun perfringens. Pre- and postinfection changes in ileal (56%SC) and cecal (78.5%SC) DGGE profiles resulted from the coccidia infection and with increased broiler age. Probiotics and EO changed MC from those seen in UU ilea and ceca. Results potentially reflect the performance enhancement above expectations in comparison to broilers not given the probiotics or the specific EO blends as feed supplements. C1 [Hume, Michael E.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Barbosa, Nei A.; Sakomura, Nilva K.] Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, FMVZ, Jaboticabal, Brazil. [Barbosa, Nei A.; Dowd, Scot E.] Med Biofilm Res Inst, Res & Testing Labs, Lubbock, TX USA. [Nalian, Armen G.; Kley, Alexandra Martynova-Van] Stephen F Austin State Univ, Nacogdoches, TX USA. [Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hume, ME (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM michael.hume@ars.usda.gov RI CA, Inct/J-9546-2013; Sakomura, Nilva/F-5716-2014 NR 51 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1159 EP 1167 DI 10.1089/fpd.2011.0863 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 842HP UT WOS:000296587900003 PM 21793655 ER PT J AU Beissinger, SR Flather, CH Hayward, GD Stephens, PA AF Beissinger, Steven R. Flather, Curtis H. Hayward, Gregory D. Stephens, Philip A. TI No safety in numbers SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Letter ID EXTINCTION C1 [Beissinger, Steven R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Flather, Curtis H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Hayward, Gregory D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Anchorage, AK USA. [Stephens, Philip A.] Univ Durham, Durham, England. RP Beissinger, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM beis@berkeley.edu RI Beissinger, Steven/F-3809-2012; Stephens, Philip/B-8397-2008; Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Stephens, Philip/0000-0001-5849-788X; Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 9 IS 9 BP 486 EP 486 DI 10.1890/11.WB.026 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 843VB UT WOS:000296701000013 ER PT J AU Hajek, AE Tobin, PC AF Hajek, Ann E. Tobin, Patrick C. TI Introduced pathogens follow the invasion front of a spreading alien host SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disease spread; enemy release hypothesis; Entomophaga maimaiga; gypsy moth; invasion ecology; nucleopolyhedrovirus; pathogen ecology ID GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR LEPIDOPTERA; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; ENEMY RELEASE HYPOTHESIS; FUNGAL PATHOGEN; NUCLEOPOLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; UNITED-STATES; POPULATION; DYNAMICS AB 1. When an invasive species first colonizes an area, there is an interval before any host-specific natural enemies arrive at the new location. Population densities of newly invading species are low, and the spatial and temporal interactions between spreading invasive species and specific natural enemies that follow are poorly understood. 2. We measured infection rates of two introduced host-specific pathogens, the entomophthoralean fungus Entomophaga maimaiga and the baculovirus Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdNPV), occurring in spreading populations of an invasive forest defoliator, L. dispar (gypsy moth), in central Wisconsin. 3. Over 3 years, we found that host density was closely associated with the presence and prevalence of both pathogens. The fungal and viral pathogens differed in the sensitivity of their response as E. maimaiga was present in lower-density host population than LdNPV. 4. We examined the relationship between weather conditions and infection prevalence and found that activity of both the fungus and virus was strongly seasonally influenced by temperature and rainfall or temperature alone, respectively. 5. Purposeful releases of pathogens (median distances of study sites from release sites were 65.2 km for E. maimaiga and 25.6 km for LdNPV) were not associated with pathogen prevalence. 6. A generalist fly parasitoid, Compsilura concinnata, also killed L. dispar larvae collected from the study sites, and parasitism was greater when infection by pathogens was lower. 7. Our results demonstrated that although infection levels were low in newly established host populations, host-specific pathogens had already moved into host populations close behind advancing populations of an invasive host; thus, spreading hosts were released from these enemies for only a relatively short time. C1 [Hajek, Ann E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Tobin, Patrick C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Hajek, AE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM aeh4@cornell.edu FU USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry [07-CA152]; Northern Research Station [05-CA11242343-044] FX We sincerely thank Joshua Hannam, Charlotte Nielsen, Lene Thomsen, Adam Bell, Susie Finkbeiner and Tim Hwalek (Cornell University) for long hours and excellent searching for L. dispar larvae in the field. We also thank Andrea Diss-Torrance, Mark Guthmiller and Bria Radtke (Wisconsin DNR) for assistance with study sites; Ken Raffa and Dan Young (University of Wisconsin) for laboratory space; Nichole Broderick (University of Wisconsin) for assistance in rearing L. dispar larvae; and Laura Blackburn (USDA Forest Service) for technical assistance. Lymantria dispar neonates were provided by John Tanner and Vic Mastro (USDA APHIS), and Norm Woodley provided identification of Exoristini puparia. We thank Cathy Bruner and the UW-Madison Lakeshore Nature Preserve for permission to conduct studies in Muir Woods. Comments by Greg Dwyer (University of Chicago), Saskya van Nouhuys and Jim Liebherr (Cornell University) and two anonymous reviewers greatly enhanced this paper. This study was funded by the USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry (07-CA152) and the Northern Research Station (05-CA11242343-044). NR 63 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8790 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 80 IS 6 BP 1217 EP 1226 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01870.x PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 840PM UT WOS:000296452700012 PM 21644978 ER PT J AU Powell, JM Aguerre, MJ Wattiaux, MA AF Powell, J. M. Aguerre, M. J. Wattiaux, M. A. TI Dietary Crude Protein and Tannin Impact Dairy Manure Chemistry and Ammonia Emissions from Incubated Soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-UTILIZATION; MILK-PRODUCTION; COWS; EXTRACTS; CATTLE; SHEEP; UREA; VOLATILIZATION; FERMENTATION; MANIPULATION AB Excess crude protein (CP) in dairy cow diets is excreted mostly as urea nitrogen (N), which increases ammonia (NH(3)) emissions from dairy farms and heightens human health and environmental concerns. Feeding less CP and more tannin to dairy cows may enhance feed N use and milk production, abate NH(3) emissions, and conserve the fertilizer N value of manure. Lab-scale ventilated chambers were used to evaluate the impacts of CP and tannin feeding on slurry chemistry, NH(3) emissions, and soil inorganic N levels after slurry application to a sandy loam soil and a silt loam soil. Slurry from lactating Holstein dairy cows (Bos taurus) fed two levels of dietary CP (low CP [LCP], 155 g kg(-1); high CP [HCP], 168 g kg(-1)) each fed at four levels of dietary tannin extract, a mixture from red quebracho (Schinopsis lorentzii) and chestnut (Castanea sativa) trees (0 tannin [0T]; low tannin [LT], 4.5 g kg(-1); medium tannin [MT], 9.0 g kg(-1); and high tannin [HT], 18.0 g kg(-1)) were applied to soil-containing lab-scale chambers, and NH(3) emissions were measured 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after slurry application. Emissions from the HCP slurry were 1.53 to 2.57 times greater (P < 0.05) than from the LCP slurry. At trial's end (48 h), concentrations of inorganic N in soils were greater (P < 0.05) in HCP slurry-amended soils than in LCP slurry-amended soils. Emissions from HT slurry were 28 to 49% lower (P < 0.05) than emissions from 0T slurry, yet these differences did not affect soil inorganic N levels. Emissions from the sandy loam soil were 1.07 to 1.15 times greater (P < 0.05) than from silt loam soil, a result that decreased soil inorganic N in the sandy loam compared with the silt loam soil. Larger-scale and longer-term field trails are needed to ascertain the effectiveness of feeding tannin extracts to dairy cows in abating NH(3) loss from land-applied slurry and the impact of tannin-containing slurry on soil N cycles. C1 [Powell, J. M.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Aguerre, M. J.; Wattiaux, M. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Powell, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mark.powell@ars.usda.gov RI Wright, Lori/G-7315-2011 NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1767 EP 1774 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0085 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 842DU UT WOS:000296571300010 PM 22031559 ER PT J AU Halvorson, AD Del Grosso, SJ Jantalia, CP AF Halvorson, Ardell D. Del Grosso, Stephen J. Jantalia, Claudia Pozzi TI Nitrogen Source Effects on Soil Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Strip-Till Corn SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID IRRIGATED CROPPING SYSTEMS; GREENHOUSE-GAS FLUXES; POLYMER-COATED UREA; FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT; NORTHEASTERN COLORADO; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; NORTHERN COLORADO; CARBON-DIOXIDE; N2O EMISSIONS; NO-TILL AB Nitrogen (N) application to crops generally results in increased nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Commercially available, enhanced-efficiency N fertilizers were evaluated for their potential to reduce N2O emissions from a clay loam soil compared with conventionally used granular urea and urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) fertilizers in an irrigated strip-till (ST) corn (Zea mays L.) production system. Enhanced-efficiency N fertilizers evaluated were a controlled-release, polymer-coated urea (ESN), stabilized urea, and UAN products containing nitrification and urease inhibitors (SuperU and UAN+AgrotainPlus), and UAN containing a slow-release N source (Nfusion). Each N source was surface-band applied (202 kg N ha(-1)) at corn emergence and watered into the soil the next day. A subsurface-band ESN treatment was included. Nitrous oxide fluxes were measured during two growing seasons using static, vented chambers and a gas chromatograph analyzer. All N sources had significantly lower growing season N2O emissions than granular urea, with UAN+AgrotainPlus and UAN+Nfusion having lower emissions than UAN. Similar trends were observed when expressing N2O emissions on a grain yield and N uptake basis. Loss of N2O-N per kilogram of N applied was < 0.8% for all N sources. Corn grain yields were not different among N sources but greater than treatments with no N applied. Selection of N fertilizer source can be a mitigation practice for reducing N2O emissions in strip-till, irrigated corn in semiarid areas. C1 [Halvorson, Ardell D.; Del Grosso, Stephen J.] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80256 USA. [Jantalia, Claudia Pozzi] Embrapa Agrobiol, BR-23890000 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Halvorson, AD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Ste 100, Ft Collins, CO 80256 USA. EM ardell.halvorson@ars.usda.gov FU International Plant Nutrition Institute's Foundation for Agronomic Research; Agrium Inc., Calgary, AB; Agrotain International, St. Louis, MO; Georgia Pacific Chemicals LLC; Fluid Fertilizer Foundation; ARS FX The authors thank B. Floyd, R. D'Adamo, P. Norris, M. Smith, K. Nichols, M. Carey, and M. Reyes-Fox for their technical assistance, and the International Plant Nutrition Institute's Foundation for Agronomic Research (with support from Agrium Inc., Calgary, AB, and Agrotain International, St. Louis, MO), Georgia Pacific Chemicals LLC, Fluid Fertilizer Foundation, and ARS GRACEnet project for supporting this study. NR 40 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 50 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1775 EP 1786 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0194 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 842DU UT WOS:000296571300011 PM 22031560 ER PT J AU Sistani, KR Jn-Baptiste, M Lovanh, N Cook, KL AF Sistani, K. R. Jn-Baptiste, M. Lovanh, N. Cook, K. L. TI Atmospheric Emissions of Nitrous Oxide, Methane, and Carbon Dioxide from Different Nitrogen Fertilizers SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID IRRIGATED CROPPING SYSTEMS; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; NO EMISSIONS; MITIGATION; TILLAGE; MANURE; N2O; MANAGEMENT; FLUXES AB Alternative N fertilizers that produce low greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from soil are needed to reduce the impacts of agricultural practices on global warming potential (GWP). We quantified and compared growing season fluxes of N(2)O, CH(4), and CO(2) resulting from applications of different N fertilizer sources, urea (U), urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN), ammonium nitrate (NH(4)NO(3)), poultry litter, and commercially available, enhanced-efficiency N fertilizers as follows: polymer-coated urea (ESN), SuperU, UAN + AgrotainPlus, and poultry litter + AgrotainPlus in a no-till corn (Zea mays L.) production system. Greenhouse gas fluxes were measured during two growing seasons using static, vented chambers. The ESN delayed the N(2)O flux peak by 3 to 4 wk compared with other N sources. No significant differences were observed in N(2)O emissions among the enhanced-efficiency and traditional inorganic N sources, except for ESN in 2009. Cumulative growing season N(2)O emission from poultry litter was significantly greater than from inorganic N sources. The N(2)O loss (2-yr average) as a percentage of N applied ranged from 0.69% for SuperU to 4.5% for poultry litter. The CH(4)-C and CO(2)-C emissions were impacted by environmental factors, such as temperature and moisture, more than the N source. There was no significant difference in corn yield among all N sources in both years. Site specifics and climate conditions may be responsible for the differences among the results of this study and some of the previously published studies. Our results demonstrate that N fertilizer source and climate conditions need consideration when selecting N sources to reduce GHG emissions. C1 [Sistani, K. R.; Jn-Baptiste, M.; Lovanh, N.; Cook, K. L.] ARS, USDA, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. RP Sistani, KR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 230 Bennett Ln, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM karamat.sistani@ars.usda.gov FU International Plant Nutrition Institute's Foundation for Agronomic Research; Agrium Inc., Calgary, AB; Agrotain International, St. Louis, MO; ARS FX The authors thank Jason Simmons and Marty Haley for their technical assistance in plot establishment, maintenance, and data collection. The authors also thank the International Plant Nutrition Institute's Foundation for Agronomic Research (with product and funding support from Agrium Inc., Calgary, AB, and Agrotain International, St. Louis, MO) for support of this project. This publication is also based on work supported by ARS under the Greenhouse Gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network Project. NR 32 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 7 U2 76 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1797 EP 1805 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0197 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 842DU UT WOS:000296571300013 PM 22031562 ER PT J AU Fujinuma, R Venterea, RT Rosen, C AF Fujinuma, Ryosuke Venterea, Rodney T. Rosen, Carl TI Broadcast Urea Reduces N2O but Increases NO Emissions Compared with Conventional and Shallow-Applied Anhydrous Ammonia in a Coarse-Textured Soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; CORN CROPPING SYSTEM; FERTILIZER APPLICATION; AGRICULTURAL SOIL; ORGANIC-MATTER; GAS EMISSIONS; NITRIFICATION; TILLAGE; MANAGEMENT; KINETICS AB Despite the importance of anhydrous ammonia (AA) and urea as nitrogen (N) fertilizer sources in the United States, there have been few direct comparisons of their effects on soil nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions. We compared N oxide emissions, yields, and N fertilizer recovery efficiency (NFRE) in a corn (Zea mays L.) production system that used three different fertilizer practices: urea that was broadcast and incorporated (BU) and AA that was injected at a conventional depth (0.20 m) (AAc) and at a shallower depth (0.10 m) (AAs). Averaged over 2 yr in an irrigated loamy sand in Minnesota, growing season N2O emissions increased in the order BU < AAc < AAs. In contrast, NO emissions were greater with BU than with AAc or AAs. Emissions of N2O ranged from 0.5 to 1.4 kg N ha(-1) (50-140 g N Mg-1 grain), while NO emissions ranged from 0.2 to 0.7 kg N ha(-1) (20-70 g N Mg-1 grain). Emissions of total N oxides (NO + N2O) increased in the order AAc < BU < AAs. Despite having the greatest emissions of N2O and total N oxides, the AAs treatment had greater NFRE compared with the AAc treatment. These results provide additional evidence that AA emits more N2O, but less NO, than broadcast urea and show that practices to reduce N2O emissions do not always improve N use efficiency. C1 [Fujinuma, Ryosuke; Venterea, Rodney T.] ARS, USDA, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55112 USA. [Venterea, Rodney T.; Rosen, Carl] Univ Minnesota, Dep Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55112 USA. RP Venterea, RT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55112 USA. EM Rod.Venterea@ars.usda.gov RI Robertson, Simon/D-1549-2012; Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009 FU USDA CSREES/NIFA [2009-55112-05216]; Agricultural Research Service of the USDA FX The authors acknowledge the assistance of M. Dolan, J. Leonard, P. Bradley, N. Meier, A. Dwinnell, M. McNearney, C. Hyatt, R. Faber, and John Deere & Company. This work was supported by the National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2009-55112-05216 from the USDA CSREES/NIFA Air Quality Program and the Agricultural Research Service of the USDA as part of the GRACEnet Project. NR 56 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1806 EP 1815 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0240 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 842DU UT WOS:000296571300014 PM 22031563 ER PT J AU Ilhan, ZE Ong, SK Moorman, TB AF Ilhan, Z. E. Ong, S. K. Moorman, T. B. TI Dissipation of Atrazine, Enrofloxacin, and Sulfamethazine in Wood Chip Bioreactors and Impact on Denitrification SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID FLUOROQUINOLONE ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS; SOIL MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; DENITRIFYING CONDITIONS; WATER-QUALITY; DEGRADATION; FATE; SULFADIAZINE; ANTIBIOTICS AB Wood chip bioreactors are receiving increasing attention as a means of reducing nitrate in subsurface tile drainage systems. Agrochemicals in tile drainage water entering wood chip bioreactors can be retained or degraded and may affect denitrification. The degradation of 5 mg L(-1) atrazine, enrofloxacin, and sulfamethazine under denitrifying conditions in wood chips from an in situ reactor was determined. The impact of these chemicals on denitrifying microorganisms was assessed using the denitrification potential assay, most probable number (MPN), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction targeting the nosZ gene of the denitrifiers. Initial half-lives for these chemicals in the aqueous phase were 0.98 d for atrazine, 0.17 d for enrofloxacin, and 6.2 d for sulfamethazine. Similar rates of disappearance in autoclaved and nonautoclaved wood chip solutions during the first 48 h suggested sorption was the dominant mechanism. The presence of atrazine did not impair denitrification potential, the MPN, or the nosZ copy number. The denitrifier MPN and nosZ copy number in sulfamethazine- and enrofloxacin-treated microcosms were less than the control within the first 5 d after chemical addition, whereas the denitrification potentials were not affected. However, after 45 d the denitrification rate, MPN and nosZ gene copy numbers for sulfamethazine and enrofloxacin were similar to that of the no-chemical control, indicating that acclimation of the denitrifier population to the antibiotic or reduced bioavailability over time allowed recovery of the denitrifier population. C1 [Moorman, T. B.] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ilhan, Z. E.; Ong, S. K.] Iowa State Univ, Environm Sci Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Moorman, TB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tom.moorman@ars.usda.gov RI Ong, Say Kee/H-7026-2013 OI Ong, Say Kee/0000-0002-5008-4279 FU Fulbright Foreign Student Fellowship FX We thank Elizabeth Douglass for technical assistance in the analysis of the herbicides and antibiotics and Dr. Tim Parkin for assistance in the analysis of nitrous oxide. Z.E. Ilhan received a Fulbright Foreign Student Fellowship. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1816 EP 1823 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0082 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 842DU UT WOS:000296571300015 PM 22031564 ER PT J AU Pan, SK Wu, SJ Kim, JM AF Pan, Sai-kun Wu, Sheng-jun Kim, Jin-moon TI Preparation of glucosamine by hydrolysis of chitosan with commercial alpha-amylase and glucoamylase SO JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY-SCIENCE B LA English DT Article DE Glucosamine; alpha-Amylase; Glucoamylase; Hydrolysis ID OSTEOARTHRITIS; SULFATE AB In order to overcome the defects of chemical hydrolysis approach to prepare glucosamine, an enzymatic hydrolysis method was developed. Glucosamine was prepared by hydrolyzing chitosan, employing alpha-amylase initially, and subsequently, glucoamylase. The optimal hydrolyzing conditions were as follows: reaction time, 4 h; pH, 5.0; temperature, 50 A degrees C; and, alpha-amylase, 80 U/g for the initial reaction. Subsequently, glucoamylase was added in the presence of alpha-amylase. The optimal reaction conditions were found to be: reaction time, 8 h; pH, 4.5; temperature, 55 A degrees C; and, glucoamylase, 4 000 U/g. The hydrolysates were subject to filtrating, concentrating to about 20% (w/w), precipitating with five volumes of ethanol, and drying at 60 A degrees C for 2 h. The content and the yield of glucosamine in the dried precipitate were 91.3% (w/w) and 86.2% (w/w), respectively. The method developed in this study is a promising option in the preparation of glucosamine. C1 [Kim, Jin-moon] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Field Operat, USDA, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Pan, Sai-kun; Wu, Sheng-jun] Huaihai Inst Technol, Jiangsu Key Lab Marine Biotechnol, Lianyungang 222005, Peoples R China. [Pan, Sai-kun; Wu, Sheng-jun] Huaihai Inst Technol, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Lianyungang 222005, Peoples R China. RP Kim, JM (reprint author), US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Field Operat, USDA, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM jinkimnh@yahoo.com FU Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, China [2009HS07] FX Project (No. 2009HS07) supported by the Open Fund of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, China NR 15 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 10 PU ZHEJIANG UNIV PI HANGZHOU PA EDITORIAL BOARD, 20 YUGU RD, HANGZHOU, 310027, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1673-1581 J9 J ZHEJIANG UNIV-SC B JI J. Zhejiang Univ.-SCI. B PD NOV PY 2011 VL 12 IS 11 BP 931 EP 934 DI 10.1631/jzus.B1100065 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 843CQ UT WOS:000296650300008 PM 22042658 ER PT J AU Gipson, C Brown, P AF Gipson, Chester Brown, Patricia TI A word from USDA and OLAW SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gipson, Chester] USDA, APHIS, AC, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Brown, Patricia] NIH, OLAW, OER, OD,HHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Gipson, C (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, AC, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 40 IS 11 BP 338 EP 338 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 843GM UT WOS:000296660300015 PM 22012191 ER PT J AU Bowen, J Meecham, J Hamlin, M Henderson, B Kim, M Mirjankar, N Lavine, BK AF Bowen, J. Meecham, J. Hamlin, M. Henderson, B. Kim, M. Mirjankar, N. Lavine, B. K. TI Development of field-deployable instrumentation based on "antigen-antibody" reactions for detection of hemorrhagic disease in ruminants SO MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Surface plasmon resonance; Biosensor; Spreeta chip; Hemorrhagic disease; Antigen-antibody coupling ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SURFACE-PLASMON; BLUETONGUE VIRUS; FILMS AB Development of field-deployable methodology utilizing antigen-antibody reactions and the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect to provide a rapid diagnostic test for recognition of the blue tongue virus (BTV) and epizootic hemorrhage disease virus (EHDV) in wild and domestic ruminants is reported. A Spreeta chip, which utilizes microelectronic technology to implement the SPR effect, is shown to possess sufficient sensitivity and operating speed to detect either BTV and EHVD antigens or antibodies in real time. The biosensor consists of an outer active surface layer comprised of either an antibody or antigen immobilized by covalent bonds through several other organic layers including a self assembled monolayer to a gold surface. Parallel experiments were run on the biosensor surface using either a home-built high resolution SPR instrument or a low resolution solid state Spreeta SPR chip. Both instruments were capable of monitoring the antigen-antibody reaction used to selectively detect the presence of BTV and EHDV viral pathogens. Results for the antibody and antigen reactive layers with antigen or antibody solutions as well as the modeling of these layers are discussed. The characteristics of these biosensors - specificity and time of reaction - were assessed. The antibody surface biosensors exhibited a high degree of specificity, even when using low resolution instrumentation. The time of analysis was under 20 min, which was the arbitrary exposure time. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, M.; Mirjankar, N.; Lavine, B. K.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Bowen, J.; Hamlin, M.; Henderson, B.] Univ Cent Oklahoma, Dept Chem, Edmond, OK USA. [Meecham, J.] Agr Res Serv, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, USDA, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Bowen, J (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM bklab@chem.okstate.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0026-265X J9 MICROCHEM J JI Microchem J. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 99 IS 2 BP 415 EP 420 DI 10.1016/j.microc.2011.06.013 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 831ZX UT WOS:000295770700039 ER PT J AU Jennings, TN Knaus, BJ Mullins, TD Haig, SM Cronn, RC AF Jennings, T. N. Knaus, B. J. Mullins, T. D. Haig, S. M. Cronn, R. C. TI Multiplexed microsatellite recovery using massively parallel sequencing SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE genomic library; Illumina; microsatellite; multiplex massively parallel sequencing ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; GENOME; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; TECHNOLOGY; LOCI; CONSERVATION; EVOLUTION; DISCOVERY; MARKERS AB Conservation and management of natural populations requires accurate and inexpensive genotyping methods. Traditional microsatellite, or simple sequence repeat (SSR), marker analysis remains a popular genotyping method because of the comparatively low cost of marker development, ease of analysis and high power of genotype discrimination. With the availability of massively parallel sequencing (MPS), it is now possible to sequence microsatellite-enriched genomic libraries in multiplex pools. To test this approach, we prepared seven microsatellite-enriched, barcoded genomic libraries from diverse taxa (two conifer trees, five birds) and sequenced these on one lane of the Illumina Genome Analyzer using paired-end 80-bp reads. In this experiment, we screened 6.1 million sequences and identified 356 958 unique microreads that contained di- or trinucleotide microsatellites. Examination of four species shows that our conversion rate from raw sequences to polymorphic markers compares favourably to Sanger- and 454-based methods. The advantage of multiplexed MPS is that the staggering capacity of modern microread sequencing is spread across many libraries; this reduces sample preparation and sequencing costs to less than $400 (USD) per species. This price is sufficiently low that microsatellite libraries could be prepared and sequenced for all 1373 organisms listed as 'threatened' and 'endangered' in the United States for under $0.5 M(USD). C1 [Jennings, T. N.; Knaus, B. J.; Cronn, R. C.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mullins, T. D.; Haig, S. M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Cronn, RC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rcronn@fs.fed.us OI Cronn, Richard/0000-0001-5342-3494; Knaus, Brian/0000-0003-1665-4343 FU U.S. Forest Service Forest Health and Protection; Pacific Northwest Research Station; U.S. Forest Service Dorena Genetic Resource Center; U.S. Geological Survey FX The authors thank Jennifer Swanson, Katie Alderman, Kelly McDonald and Mari Carrillo for laboratory assistance, and Mark Dasenko and Chris Sullivan for sequencing and core facility computing support. Scott Kolpak, Dave D'Amore and Paul Hennon provided population samples for conifers. Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Forest Service Forest Health and Protection STDP program (for conifer research), the Pacific Northwest Research Station, the U.S. Forest Service Dorena Genetic Resource Center and the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1060 EP 1067 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03033.x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 840EN UT WOS:000296421200015 PM 21676207 ER PT J AU Singh, NP Ferreira, JFS Park, JS Lai, HC AF Singh, Narendra P. Ferreira, Jorge F. S. Park, Ji Sun Lai, Henry C. TI Cytotoxicity of Ethanolic Extracts of Artemisia annua to Molt-4 Human Leukemia Cells SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article DE Artemisia annua; Asteraceae; ethanolic extracts; antioxidant; flavonoids; synergism; leukemia; MOLT-4 ID IN-VITRO; CANCER; DIHYDROARTEMISININ; FLAVONOIDS; L.; MALARIA; HOLOTRANSFERRIN; ACTIVATION; RESISTANCE; GROWTH AB Although dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and other artemisinin derivatives have selective toxicity towards cancer cells, Artemisia annua (A. annua) extracts containing artemisinin have not been evaluated for their anticancer potential. Our main goal was to assess the anticancer effect of ethanolic leaf extracts of A. annua from Brazilian and Chinese origins (with DHA as a comparison) on normal and cancer cells. Leukocytes and leukemia (Molt-4) cells were counted at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hr after treatment with extracts having artemisinin concentrations of 0, 3.48, 6.96, and 13.92 mu g/mL. Also, we assessed the antioxidant capacity of these extracts using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) test. Both extracts had high antioxidant capacity and toxicity towards Molt-4 cells. DHA was significantly more potent (p < 0.05) in killing Molt-4 cells than Brazilian extract at 48 and 72 hr and Chinese extract at 72 hr. In Molt-4 cells, LD(50) values for Brazilian and Chinese extracts were comparable at all time points and not significantly different from DHA at 24 hr. In leukocytes, DHA, Chinese extract, and Brazilian extract had LD50 values of 760.42, 13.79, and 28.23 mu g/mL of artemisinin, respectively, indicating a better safety index for the Brazilian extract compared to that of the Chinese extract at 24 hr. However, at 48 and 72 hr, the toxicity in leukocytes for any of the treatment groups was not significantly different. These experiments suggest that these extracts may have potential application in cancer treatment. C1 [Singh, Narendra P.; Park, Ji Sun; Lai, Henry C.] Univ Washington, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ferreira, Jorge F. S.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV USA. RP Singh, NP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Bioengn, Box 355061, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM narendra@u.washington.edu OI Ferreira, Jorge F.S./0000-0003-4550-6761 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 77 IS 16 BP 1788 EP 1793 DI 10.1055/s-0030-1271157 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 844CO UT WOS:000296725500005 PM 21674435 ER PT J AU Powell, JM Broderick, GA AF Powell, J. M. Broderick, G. A. TI Transdisciplinary Soil Science Research: Impacts of Dairy Nutrition on Manure Chemistry and the Environment SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MILK UREA NITROGEN; CHESTNUT TANNIN EXTRACTS; CRUDE PROTEIN-LEVELS; SILAGE-BASED DIETS; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; PHOSPHORUS; COWS; CATTLE; FARMS AB In many regions of the world, the current trend of consolidation and intensification of animal agriculture oft en requires a greater dependence on purchased feed. As more animals are added to a fixed land base, and more feed is imported onto a farm, the excretion of manure nutrients can surpass the recycling capacity of local land, air, and water resources. In response to these environmental challenges, many industrialized countries have enacted legislation to control manure management and the emission of hazardous gasses from animal production systems. Research and extension agencies were allocated considerable public funding to develop and extend technologies that would assist livestock producers in meeting environmental standards. In response to dairy industry needs for practices that would facilitate manure management and compliance to water and air quality standards, transdisciplinary dairy nutrition-soil science research was initiated to evaluate relationships among the type and amount of P and crude protein (CP) in lactating cow rations, and milk production, manure chemistry, and environmental outcomes. Nutrient source-sink relationships provided the functional framework for this transdisciplinary research: dairy nutrition research was conducted to evaluate impacts of ration components (sources) on milk production (sink) and manure components (sinks), and soil science research was conducted to evaluate impacts of manure components (sources) on water (sink) and air (sink) quality. For example, unnecessary mineral P in supplements in dairy rations was found to be excreted entirely as water soluble P in manure and, aft er manure land application, increased soil test phosphorus (STP) levels, P loss in runoff, and the cropland area requirements in order for producers to comply to comprehensive nutrient management plans (CNMPs). Likewise, feeding CP above recommended levels increased the excretion of urea N in urine and subsequent ammonia (NH3) loss from soil aft er manure application. The type of forage fed to dairy cows and the tannin content of dairy cow rations also impact NH3 emission, soil N cycles, crop yield, and N uptake. Four main ingredients to transdisciplinary dairy nutrition-soil science research have been (i) an immediate and clear need for the information, (ii) the required expertise of both dairy nutrition and soil science to provide this information, (iii) the ability and willingness of scientists and other stakeholders to work together, and (iv) adequate funding. C1 [Powell, J. M.; Broderick, G. A.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Powell, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mark.powell@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 35 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 75 IS 6 BP 2071 EP 2078 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0226 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 841ZK UT WOS:000296553600004 ER PT J AU Richter, DD Bacon, AR Mobley, ML Richardson, CJ Andrews, SS West, L Wills, S Billings, S Cambardella, CA Cavallaro, N DeMeester, JE Franzluebbers, AJ Grandy, AS Grunwald, S Gruver, J Hartshorn, AS Janzen, H Kramer, MG Ladha, JK Lajtha, K Liles, GC Markewitz, D Megonigal, PJ Mermut, AR Rasmussen, C Robinson, DA Smith, P Stiles, CA Tate, RL Thompson, A Tugel, AJ van Es, H Yaalon, D Zobeck, TM AF Richter, Daniel deB Bacon, Allan R. Mobley, Megan L. Richardson, Curtis J. Andrews, Susan S. West, Larry Wills, Skye Billings, Sharon Cambardella, Cynthia A. Cavallaro, Nancy DeMeester, Julie E. Franzluebbers, Alan J. Grandy, A. Stuart Grunwald, Sabine Gruver, Joel Hartshorn, Anthony S. Janzen, Henry Kramer, Marc G. Ladha, Jagdish K. Lajtha, Kate Liles, Garrett C. Markewitz, Daniel Megonigal, Patrick J. Mermut, Ahmet R. Rasmussen, Craig Robinson, David A. Smith, Pete Stiles, Cynthia A. Tate, Robert L., III Thompson, Aaron Tugel, Arlene J. van Es, Harold Yaalon, Dan Zobeck, Ted M. TI Human-Soil Relations are Changing Rapidly: Proposals from SSSA's Cross-Divisional Soil Change Working Group SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; FRAMEWORK; SCIENCE; AGRICULTURE; MANAGEMENT; TRANSFORMATION; PERSPECTIVE; MITIGATION; DIVERSITY; AMERICA AB A number of scientists have named our age the Anthropocene because humanity is globally affecting Earth systems, including the soil. Global soil change raises important questions about the future of soil, the environment, and human society. Although many soil scientists strive to understand human forcings as integral to soil genesis, there remains an explicit need for a science of anthropedology to detail how humanity is a fully fledged soil-forming factor and to understand how soil change affects human well being. The development and maturation of anthropedology is critical to achieving land-use sustainability and needs to be nurtured by all soil disciplines, with inputs from allied sciences and the humanities,. The Soil Science Society of America (SSSA) has recently approved a cross-divisional Working Group on Soil Change, which aims to advance the basic and applied science of anthropedology, to facilitate networks of scientists, long-term soil field studies, and regional databases and modeling, and to engage in new modes of communications about human-soil relations. We challenge all interested parties, especially young scientists and students, to contribute to these activities and help grow soil science in the Anthropocene. C1 [Richter, Daniel deB; Bacon, Allan R.; Mobley, Megan L.; Richardson, Curtis J.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Andrews, Susan S.; West, Larry; Wills, Skye] USDA NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. [Billings, Sharon] Univ Kansas, Kansas Biol Survey, Dep Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. [Cambardella, Cynthia A.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Cavallaro, Nancy] Natl Inst Food & Agr, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Franzluebbers, Alan J.] USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Grandy, A. Stuart] Univ New Hampshire, Dep Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Grunwald, Sabine] Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dep, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Gruver, Joel] Western Illinois Univ, Sch Agr, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. [Hartshorn, Anthony S.] James Madison Univ, Dep Geol & Environm Sci, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Janzen, Henry] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. [Kramer, Marc G.] USDA Forest Serv, Portland, OR 97204 USA. [Ladha, Jagdish K.] IRRI, New Delhi 110012, India. [Lajtha, Kate] Oregon State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Liles, Garrett C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dep Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Markewitz, Daniel] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Megonigal, Patrick J.] Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Mermut, Ahmet R.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dep Soil Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada. [Rasmussen, Craig] Univ Arizona, Dep Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Robinson, David A.] Environm Ctr Wales, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. [Smith, Pete] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. [Stiles, Cynthia A.] USDA NRCS, Pacific Isl Area State Off, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Tate, Robert L., III] Rutgers State Univ, Dep Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Thompson, Aaron] Univ Georgia, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Tugel, Arlene J.] USDA NRCS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [van Es, Harold] Cornell Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Yaalon, Dan] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Zobeck, Ted M.] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Richter, DD (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM drichter@duke.edu RI Robinson, David/A-6287-2010; Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012; Billings, Sharon/I-5115-2013; Smith, Pete/G-1041-2010; OI Robinson, David/0000-0001-7290-4867; Billings, Sharon/0000-0003-1611-526X; Smith, Pete/0000-0002-3784-1124; Hartshorn, Anthony/0000-0002-0004-5749 NR 85 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 40 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 75 IS 6 BP 2079 EP 2084 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0124 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 841ZK UT WOS:000296553600005 ER PT J AU Collins, HP Alva, AK Streubel, JD Fransen, SF Frear, C Chen, S Kruger, C Granatstein, D AF Collins, H. P. Alva, A. K. Streubel, J. D. Fransen, S. F. Frear, C. Chen, S. Kruger, C. Granatstein, D. TI Greenhouse Gas Emissions from an Irrigated Silt Loam Soil Amended with Anaerobically Digested Dairy Manure SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; CATTLE SLURRY; METHANE EMISSIONS; CROPPING SYSTEMS; PIG SLURRY; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; FERTILIZER; GRASSLAND; MODEL AB Dairy production in the Pacific Northwest has grown steadily during the past decade. This increase has been accompanied by management challenges associated with production of large concentrations of dairy animal wastes that are implicated in the decline in surface and subsurface water quality as well as an increase in the production of greenhouse gases (GHG). Field studies were conducted to characterize GHG emissions from a silt loam soil planted to silage corn (Zea mays L.) amended with urea fertilizer (NPK), liquid dairy manure (LM), anaerobically digested dairy effluent (DE), or anaerobically digested fiber (DF), and unfertilized (UF) and fallow (F) treatments. Seasonal CH(4) fluxes among treatments averaged -0.67 g CH(4)-C ha(-1) d(-1) in 2007 and -0.79 g CH(4)-C ha(-1) d(-1) in 2008, except at times of manure amendment. Methane emissions for 2 d aft er manure applications were 58-fold higher than the average CH(4) uptake of the F, UF, NPK, and DF treatments. In 2007 and 2008 the N(2)O emitted represented 0.03 and 0.12% (NPK), 0.09 and 0.05% (DF), 0.05 and 0.10% (DE), and 0.09 and 0.11% (LM), respectively, of the total N applied during the 122-d growing season. Liquid slurry manure applications resulted in higher CH(4) emissions than urea N fertilizers. Methane emissions aft er application were attributed to the release of dissolved CH(4)-C in the LM and DE slurries and not from the soil. Further research is needed to clarify GHG fluxes following manure additions during the fall and winter months. C1 [Collins, H. P.; Alva, A. K.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Streubel, J. D.; Fransen, S. F.] Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Ext Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Frear, C.; Chen, S.] Washington State Univ, Dep Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Kruger, C.; Granatstein, D.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Sustaining Agr & Nat Resources, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Collins, HP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM hal.collins@ars.usda.gov RI Kruger, Chad/A-3952-2013 FU Agricultural Research Service; Center of Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resources at Washington State University, Puyallup, WA FX This publication is based upon work supported by the Agricultural Research Service under the ARS GRACEnet Project and in part by a grant from the Center of Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resources at Washington State University, Puyallup, WA. The authors thank R. Cochran and M. Silva (USDA-ARS, Vegetable and Forage Crops Research Unit, Prosser, WA) for field assistance, sample processing and laboratory analyses. NR 54 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 28 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 75 IS 6 BP 2206 EP 2216 DI 10.2136/sssaj2010.0360 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 841ZK UT WOS:000296553600019 ER PT J AU Feng, GL Sharratt, B Wendling, L AF Feng, Guanglong Sharratt, Brenton Wendling, Laura TI Fine Particle Emission Potential from Loam Soils in a Semiarid Region SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RESUSPENSION TEST CHAMBER; WIND EROSION; COLUMBIA PLATEAU; VERTICAL FLUX; AGRICULTURAL FIELDS; WINDBLOWN SEDIMENT; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; MU-M; DUST; PM10 AB Fugitive dust emission from agricultural soils is a concern in the U. S. Inland Pacific Northwest because emission of particles with an aerodynamic diameter <= 10 mu m (PM10) and <= 2.5 mu m (PM2.5) are regulated by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as air pollutants. The objective of this study was to characterize the PM10 and PM2.5 emission potential of soils in the region. Soil from the upper 3-cm layer of the profile was collected from five major soil types in southeastern Washington. Soil samples collected from the field were placed inside a wind tunnel to simultaneously measure PM10 and PM2.5 emissions at three wind speeds. Dispersed soil analysis indicated that the sand and silt content, respectively, ranged from 17 to 68% and 23 to 66% while nondispersed soil analysis revealed the PM10 and PM2.5 content averaged 3.7 and 1.2%, respectively, across the five soil types. Emissions of PM10 and PM2.5 were greatest for Warden sandy loam (coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Xeric Haplocambids) and lowest for Walla Walla silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Haploxerolls). During the 5 min wind tunnel test at the highest wind speed (18 m s(-1)), loss of sediment, PM10 and PM2.5 for the five soils ranged from 113 to 8039 g m(-2), 0.4 to 11.0 g m(-2), and 0.1 to 6.0 g m(-2), respectively. Although the PM10/sediment loss ratio differed among soils, there was no difference in the PM2.5/sediment loss ratio across soils. Our results suggest that the emission potential varies for windblown soils found across the Inland Pacific Northwest. C1 [Sharratt, Brenton] USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Feng, Guanglong] Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog, Xinjiang, Peoples R China. [Feng, Guanglong] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Wendling, Laura] CSIRO Land & Water Ctr Environm Contaminants Res, Adelaide, SA, Australia. RP Sharratt, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM Brenton.sharratt@ars.usda.gov RI Wendling, Laura/C-3660-2011; Wendling, Laura/A-2745-2014 OI Wendling, Laura/0000-0002-5728-3684 FU Columbia Plateau Wind Erosion/Air Quality Project FX Funding for this research was provided by the Columbia Plateau Wind Erosion/Air Quality Project. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 75 IS 6 BP 2262 EP 2270 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0087 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 841ZK UT WOS:000296553600025 ER PT J AU Stott, DE Cambardella, CA Tomer, MD Karlen, DL Wolf, R AF Stott, Diane E. Cambardella, Cynthia A. Tomer, Mark D. Karlen, Douglas L. Wolf, Roger TI A Soil Quality Assessment within the Iowa River South Fork Watershed SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK; EFFECTS ASSESSMENT PROJECT; CHLOROFORM FUMIGATION; CARBON; NITROGEN AB Soil quality assessment is a proactive process for understanding the long-term effects of crop and soil management practices within agricultural watersheds. Fields with both well-developed and poor (N-deficient) corn (Zea mays L.) canopy growth were identified within the Iowa River's South Fork Watershed. Our objectives were to quantify several soil quality indicators, including the near-surface soil organic carbon (SOC) content, and determine if the Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) could distinguish between the well-developed and poor corn canopy areas. Four sites, three representing the major soil series in the well-developed canopy areas and one in the poor area, were identified and sampled (0-10 cm) within 50 fields. There were no significant differences between performance zones when analyzed collectively. Using SMAF indicator scores, SOC, bulk density (D(b)), water-filled pore space (WFPS), electrical conductivity (EC), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were significantly lower in the poor canopy areas; however, no single indicator scored significantly less across all 50 fields. When separated by landscape position (hilltop, sideslope, toeslope, or depression), only SOC was significantly different between performance zones across each position. Other indicators that differed in at least one slope position included D(b), WFPS, MBC, EC, P, Fe, Cu, Zn, or potentially mineralizable C. A majority of fields had multiple indicators with SMAF ratings at least 0.10 lower in the poor areas than in the corresponding well-developed canopy areas. Soil quality assessment on a field-by-field basis thus provides an approach for identifying potential specific soil-based causes for the poor canopy development. C1 [Stott, Diane E.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Cambardella, Cynthia A.; Tomer, Mark D.; Karlen, Douglas L.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wolf, Roger] Iowa Soybean Assoc, Ankeny, IA 50023 USA. RP Stott, DE (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM diane.stott@ars.usda.gov RI Stott, Diane/A-1270-2010 OI Stott, Diane/0000-0002-6397-3315 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service under ARS Cropland FX We thank Rhonda Graef, Larry Pelleck, and Jody Omacht for their technical assistance, Brent Schleck for aid in the SMAF analysis, and Dennis Bucholtz for aid with the statistical analysis. This publication is based on work supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service under the ARS Cropland CEAP Project. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 25 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 75 IS 6 BP 2271 EP 2282 DI 10.2136/sssaj2010.0440 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 841ZK UT WOS:000296553600026 ER PT J AU Kaspar, TC Parkin, TB AF Kaspar, T. C. Parkin, T. B. TI Soil Carbon Dioxide Flux in Response to Wheel Traffic in a No-Till System SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FILLED PORE-SPACE; ORGANIC-MATTER; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; CROPPING SYSTEMS; CORN ROOT; COMPACTION; RESPIRATION; MINERALIZATION; NITROGEN AB Measurements of soil CO(2) flux in the absence of living plants can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of soil management practices for C sequestration, but field CO(2) flux is spatially variable and may be affected by soil compaction and the percentage of total pore space filled with water (%WFPS). The objectives of our study were: (i) to evaluate the effect of wheel traffic compaction on CO(2) flux at two landscape positions with differing soil properties; and (ii) to examine the relationship of CO(2) flux and % WFPS under field conditions and a wide range of soil porosities. Carbon dioxide flux was measured near Ames, IA, in a no-till system without living plants using the closed chamber method on nine cylinders inserted into the soil at each measurement site and evenly spaced across three rows, an untracked interrow, and a tracked interrow. Flux, volumetric water contents, and soil temperature were measured on 12 or 13 d between day of the year (DOY) 164 and 284 in 2001, 2004, and 2005. Bulk density, soil organic C concentration, and soil texture were determined aft er DOY 284. On most days, CO(2) flux was less in the tracked interrow than in the row or untracked interrow positions. In all 3 yr, the cumulative flux of the tracked position was significantly less than one or both of the other positions. Landscape position did not affect the response of CO(2) flux to traffic. Percentage water-filled pore space was not a good predictor of surface CO(2) flux in the field. The effect of wheel traffic compaction on CO(2) flux should be considered when soil CO(2) flux is used to compare management practices. C1 [Kaspar, T. C.; Parkin, T. B.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kaspar, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Tom.Kaspar@ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 75 IS 6 BP 2296 EP 2304 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0129 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 841ZK UT WOS:000296553600028 ER PT J AU Yu, J Shainberg, I Yan, YL Shi, JG Levy, GJ Mamedov, AI AF Yu, J. Shainberg, I. Yan, Y. L. Shi, J. G. Levy, G. J. Mamedov, A. I. TI Superabsorbents and Semiarid Soil Properties Affecting Water Absorption SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HYDROPHILIC POLYMER; POLYACRYLAMIDE; AVAILABILITY; AGRICULTURE; RETENTION; SURVIVAL; HYDROGEL; STORAGE; GROWTH; CHINA AB Mixing cross-linked polyacrylamides with semiarid soils may increase water availability to crops. The effects of soils, sand, and superabsorbent properties on water absorption by four superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) were studied. The amount of water absorbed by the SAPs in tap water increased with increasing polymer cation exchange capacity. Less water was absorbed by SAPs mixed with soil or sand than by the control. In the sand and soil mixtures with a large-grain (3-4 mm) SAP, water absorption increased with time (up to 40-50 min) to a steady-state value in the range of 90 to 160 kg kg(-1) in the sand-SAP mixture and 33-55 kg kg(-1) in the soil-SAP mixture. Conversely, in the other three soil-SAP mixtures, water absorption reached a maximum value aft er 10 to 20 min, followed by a decrease with time to values ranging between 20 and 60 kg kg(-1). At the initial stage of water absorption, confinement of the SAP grains by the soil particles was the dominant factor limiting water absorption by these SAPs; the confinement increased as soil texture became finer. The subsequent observed reduction was ascribed to the gradual replacement of Na or K cations that were adsorbed on the SAPs with Ca and Mg cations released from the soil. The results suggest that addition of a small amount of SAP to soils (5 g kg(-1) soil) is more effective at increasing water holding capacity in soils with low clay content than in soils with high clay content. C1 [Yu, J.; Shi, J. G.] Inst Water Resources, Hohhot 010020, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. [Shainberg, I.; Levy, G. J.] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Yan, Y. L.] Inner Mongolia Agr Univ, Hohhot 010018, Peoples R China. [Mamedov, A. I.] USDA ARS, Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Yu, J (reprint author), Inst Water Resources, Hohhot 010020, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. EM yujian192005@yahoo.com.cn NR 40 TC 4 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 28 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 75 IS 6 BP 2305 EP 2313 DI 10.2136/sssaj2010.0397 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 841ZK UT WOS:000296553600029 ER PT J AU Stiles, CA Hammer, RD Johnson, MG Ferguson, R Galbraith, J O'Geen, T Arriaga, J Shaw, J Falen, A McDaniel, P Miles, R AF Stiles, Cynthia A. Hammer, R. David Johnson, Mark G. Ferguson, Richard Galbraith, John O'Geen, Toby Arriaga, Julie Shaw, Joey Falen, Anita McDaniel, Paul Miles, Randy TI Validation Testing of a Portable Kit for Measuring an Active Soil Carbon Fraction SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT; INDEX AB Increasing demands exist for information about properties related to soil quality and human-induced soil change, particularly soil C. To help address this need, the USDA-NRCS Soil Survey Laboratory (SSL) developed a portable kit for rapid and relatively accurate assessment of soil active C (AC), an easily oxidizable soil C fraction. This study determined the accuracy of a hand-held spectrophotometer to measure a colorimetric reaction induced by reduction of a violet-hued KMnO4 solution by AC. Seven National Cooperative Soil Survey university cooperators analyzed samples for comparison with results obtained at the SSL. Kit results from participants correlated well with SSL results, with 78% of all participant results within +/- 25% of paired target results. Variations attributed to prevalent mineralogy affirmed the need to separate the soil sample from reactant solution within 10 min for reproducible measures. Seasonal variations were observed, with the most variability being noted in the June to July sampling period (57% agreement, +/- 25%), attributable to increased soil biological activity. This study confirmed that the kit provides a reliable means of assessing a vital soil C component under field office conditions. The kit will be a valuable tool in assessing a critical soil quality measure, adding needed soil quality data to the national database, and improving the reliability and precision of soil quality interpretations. C1 [Stiles, Cynthia A.; Ferguson, Richard] USDA NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. [Hammer, R. David; Johnson, Mark G.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Galbraith, John] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24601 USA. [O'Geen, Toby] Univ Calif Davis, Dep Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Arriaga, Julie; Shaw, Joey] Auburn Univ, Dep Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Falen, Anita; McDaniel, Paul] Univ Idaho, Dep Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Miles, Randy] Univ Missouri, Dep Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Stiles, CA (reprint author), NRCS, Pacific Isl Area, 300 Ala Moana Blvd,Rm 4-118, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM cynthia.stiles@hi.usda.gov RI McDaniel, Paul/A-8954-2009 FU USDA-NRCS; USEPA FX The information in this document has been funded in part by the USDA-NRCS and the USEPA. It has been subjected to review by the National Soil Survey Center and the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the NRCS or USEPA, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 75 IS 6 BP 2330 EP 2340 DI 10.2136/sssaj2010.0350 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 841ZK UT WOS:000296553600031 ER PT J AU Costello, SL Negron, JF Jacobi, WR AF Costello, Sheryl L. Negron, Jose F. Jacobi, William R. TI Wood-boring insect abundance in fire-injured ponderosa pine SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Buprestidae; Cerambycidae; fire severity; wood-boring insects; woodpeckers ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; GENE FLOW; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS; UNITED-STATES; BT CROPS; POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION; LEPIDOPTERA-PYRALIDAE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; FRENCH POPULATIONS; F-STATISTICS AB 1 Wood-boring larvae in the families Cerambycidae and Buprestidae are often found in high densities in burned trees after wildland fires. They play an important role in tree decomposition, often reducing the value of salvageable timber, and represent an important avian food source. 2 Three forest areas that experienced wildfires 1-3 years previously were surveyed during the summer of 2004. Ponderosa pine trees with green, scorched and consumed needles were examined for wood borer occurrence. Within each of the three needle damage categories, the mean wood borer incidence was similar between different age fires. Trees with scorched or consumed needles had significantly more wood borers than trees with green needles. 3 Larvae collected from under tree bark were identified to family; when possible, cerambycids were identified further to Acanthocinus spp., Monochamus sp., Rhagium inquisitor (L.) and Stictoleptura canadensis (LeConte), and buprestids were identified to Chalcophora spp. and Chrysobothris sp. 4 Classification tree models showed that the estimated probability of tree infestation by wood borers varied among needle damage categories. For trees with green needles, tree injury variables of high bole char height and phloem discolouration were important predictive variables. In trees where needles were consumed, tree size variables of diameter at breast height and tree height were important predictive variables. 5 More than half the dead trees examined were infested with wood borers, indicating that infestation of fire-killed ponderosa pine may represent an important food source for species such as woodpeckers and a potential problem for the utilization of infested trees. C1 [Costello, Sheryl L.; Negron, Jose F.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Jacobi, William R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Costello, SL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 740 Simms St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM scostello@fs.fed.us NR 92 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-9555 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 13 IS 4 BP 373 EP 393 DI 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2011.00531.x PG 20 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 835OG UT WOS:000296045100005 ER PT J AU Brent, CS Byers, JA AF Brent, Colin S. Byers, John A. TI Female attractiveness modulated by a male-derived antiaphrodisiac pheromone in a plant bug SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE antiaphrodisiac; Lygus hesperus; male accessory gland; myristyl acetate; spermatophore ID LYGUS-HESPERUS KNIGHT; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER FEMALES; CIS-VACCENYL ACETATE; SEX-PHEROMONE; MATING-BEHAVIOR; MATED FEMALES; BUTTERFLIES; MIRIDAE; BEE; SECRETIONS AB Males of the plant bug Lygus hesperus prefer to court virgins over recently mated females. Because a male delivers a large spermatophore mass to the female during copulation that contains more than just sperm, we investigated whether males transferred an odorant molecule rendering females less attractive. We found that topical application of homogenates of the spermatophore, or of the male accessory glands (AG) from which this mass is derived, made virgin females less acceptable as potential mates. Additionally, we found that the fatty molecule myristyl acetate is present in male accessory glands and in the seminal receptacles of recently mated females, but is absent in virgin females. The same distribution of myristyl acetate was also found in Lygus elisus and Lygus lineolaris. We hypothesized that myristyl acetate has a repellent effect on L. hesperus males seeking an appropriate mate. Using topically applied synthetic myristyl acetate at biological concentrations, we found that myristyl acetate was as effective as the AG homogenate at reducing the attractiveness of virgin females. Collectively these results indicate that males use myristyl acetate as a seminally transferred antiaphrodisiac for passive mate guarding, and usage of the compound may be widespread among Lygus bug species. The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Brent, Colin S.; Byers, John A.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Brent, CS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM colin.brent@ars.usda.gov OI Brent, Colin/0000-0003-2078-1417 NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 82 IS 5 BP 937 EP 943 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.08.010 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 840FE UT WOS:000296423200005 ER PT J AU Verbruggen, SCAT Coss-Bu, J Wu, MH Schierbeek, H Joosten, KFM Dhar, A van Goudoever, JB Castillo, L AF Verbruggen, Sascha C. A. T. Coss-Bu, Jorge Wu, Manhong Schierbeek, Henk Joosten, Koen F. M. Dhar, Archana van Goudoever, Johannes B. Castillo, Leticia TI Current recommended parenteral protein intakes do not support protein synthesis in critically ill septic, insulin-resistant adolescents with tight glucose control SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE children; clamp; insulin resistance; kinetics; protein; sepsis ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN CHILDREN; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; AMINO-ACID; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PUBERTAL CHANGES; NEONATAL PIGS; METABOLISM; SEPSIS; SENSITIVITY; INFUSION AB Objective: To investigate the effects of insulin infusion and increased parenteral amino acid intakes on whole body protein balance, glucose kinetics, and lipolysis in critically ill, insulin-resistant, septic adolescents. Design: A single-center, randomized, crossover study. Setting: A medicosurgical intensive care unit in a tertiary university hospital. Patients: Nine critically ill, septic adolescents (age 15.0 +/- 1.2 yrs, body mass index 20 +/- 4 kg m(-2)) receiving total parenteral nutrition. Interventions: Patients received total parenteral nutrition with standard (1.5 g.kg(-1).day(-1)) and high (3.0 g.kg(-1).day(-1)) amino acid intakes in a 2-day crossover setting, randomized to the order in which they received it. On both study days, we conducted a primed, constant, 7-hr stable isotope tracer infusion with [1-(13)C] leucine, [6,6-(2)H(2)] glucose, and [1,1,2,3,3-(2)H(5)] glycerol, in combination with a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp during the last 3 hrs. Measurements and Main Results: Insulin decreased protein synthesis at standard amino acid and high amino acid intakes (p < .01), while protein breakdown decreased with insulin at standard amino acid intake (p < .05) but not with the high amino acid intake. High amino acid intake improved protein balance (p < .05), but insulin did not have an additive effect. There was significant insulin resistance with an M value of similar to 3 (mg.kg(-1).min(-1))/(mU.mL(-1)) which was 30% of reported normal values. At high amino acid intake, endogenous glucose production was not suppressed by insulin and lipolysis rates increased. Conclusion: The current recommended parenteral amino acid intakes are insufficient to maintain protein balance in insulin-resistant patients during tight glucose control. During sepsis, insulin decreases protein synthesis and breakdown, and while high amino acid intake improves protein balance, its beneficial effects may be offset by enhanced endogenous glucose production and lipolysis, raising concerns that insulin resistance may have been exacerbated and that gluconeogenesis may have been favored by high amino acid intakes. Dose-response studies on the effect of the level of amino acid intakes (protein) on energy metabolism are needed. (Crit Care Med 2011; 39: 2518-2525) C1 [Verbruggen, Sascha C. A. T.; Coss-Bu, Jorge; Castillo, Leticia] Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Crit Care Sect, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Verbruggen, Sascha C. A. T.; Coss-Bu, Jorge; Wu, Manhong; Castillo, Leticia] USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Verbruggen, Sascha C. A. T.; Schierbeek, Henk; Joosten, Koen F. M.; van Goudoever, Johannes B.] Erasmus MC Sophia Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Dhar, Archana] Univ Texas SW, Div Crit Care, Dept Pediat, Childrens Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. [van Goudoever, Johannes B.] Emma Childrens Hosp, Amsterdam Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [van Goudoever, Johannes B.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Castillo, L (reprint author), Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Crit Care Sect, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM leticia4.castillo@UTsouthwestern.edu NR 61 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 39 IS 11 BP 2518 EP 2525 DI 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182257410 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 841JV UT WOS:000296509500019 PM 21765361 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA AF Abrams, Steven A. TI Calcium and vitamin D requirements for optimal bone mass during adolescence SO CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE LA English DT Article DE bone mineralization; calcium absorption; vitamin D ID SERUM 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D; CHILDREN; ABSORPTION; GROWTH; GIRLS; BOYS AB Purpose of review There remains very strong interest in the calcium and vitamin D requirements of adolescents related to bone health. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) released new dietary guidelines in late 2010 for these nutrients. These guidelines were primarily based on literature published in 2009 and earlier and emphasized the role of vitamin D combined with calcium in optimizing bone health. A series of research studies published in 2010 and 2011, mostly not included in the IOM report, have further addressed these issues. Recent findings These most recently published data are generally consistent with the IOM report and earlier data in supporting calcium intakes of 1300 mg/day and vitamin D intakes of 600 IU/day for adolescents. However, there is some suggestion that a slightly higher Recommended Dietary Allowance for vitamin D might be considered at some future time. Summary New dietary guidelines and recent research support increased vitamin D intakes compared with previous recommendations, but not very high doses. Further studies are needed related to high-dose vitamin D intake. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM sabrams@bcm.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU USDA/ARS [58-6250-6-001] FX This work is a publication of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas. This project has been funded in part with federal funds from the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement number 58-6250-6-001. Contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US government. The author was a member of both the 1997 and 2011 Dietary Reference Intake Committees related to calcium and vitamin D. The author serves as a scientific consultant to the Milk Processors Education Programme. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1363-1950 J9 CURR OPIN CLIN NUTR JI Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care PD NOV PY 2011 VL 14 IS 6 BP 605 EP 609 DI 10.1097/MCO.0b013e32834b2b01 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 839JE UT WOS:000296360700013 PM 21849894 ER PT J AU Ha, W Suarez, DL Lesch, SM AF Ha, Wonsook Suarez, Donald L. Lesch, Scott M. TI Perchlorate Uptake in Spinach As Related to Perchlorate, Nitrate, And Chloride Concentrations in Irrigation Water SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; COLORADO RIVER; ACCUMULATION; LETTUCE; INHIBITION; SALINITY; EXPOSURE; IODIDE; DAIRY AB Several studies have reported on the detection of perchlorate (ClO(4)(-)) in edible leafy vegetables irrigated with Colorado River water. However, there is no information on spinach as related to ClO(4)(-) in irrigation water nor on the effect of other anions on ClO(4)(-) uptake. A greenhouse ClO(4)(-) uptake experiment using spinach was conducted to investigate the impact of presence of chloride (Cl(-)) and nitrate (NO(3)(-)) on ClO(4)(-) uptake under controlled conditions. We examined three concentrations of ClO(4)(-), 40, 220, and 400 nmol(c)/L (nanomoles of charge per liter of solution), three concentrations of Cl(-), 2.5, 13.75, and 25 mmol(c)/L, and NO(3)(-) at 2, 11, and 20 mmol(c)/L. The results revealed that ClO(4)(-) was taken up the most when NO(3)(-) and Cl(-) were lowest in concentration in irrigation water. More ClO(4)(-) was detected in spinach leaves than that in the root tissue. Relative to lettuces, spinach accumulated more ClO(4)(-) in the plant tissue. Perchlorate was accumulated in spinach leaves more than reported for outer leaves of lettuce at 40 nmol(c)/L of ClO(4)(-) in irrigation water. The results also provided evidence that spinach selectively took up ClO(4)(-) relative to Cl(-). We developed a predictive model to describe the ClO(4)(-) concentration in spinach as related to the Cl(-), NO(3)(-), and ClO(4)(-) concentration in irrigation water. C1 [Ha, Wonsook; Suarez, Donald L.] ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Lesch, Scott M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Stat Consulting Collaboratory, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Ha, W (reprint author), ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, USDA, 2300 Expt Stn Rd, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM Wonsook.Ha@gmail.com FU U.S. Department of Agriculture FX This study was funded by U.S. Department of Agriculture under the ARS postdoctoral program. We are especially grateful to Dr. Wei Zheng for assistance in the HPLC/MS analysis of ClO4- and Ms. Stephanie Stasiuk for her assistance in both preparation of plant samples and analysis of ClO4- during the experiment. The anonymous reviewers' comments were valuable and appreciated. Mention of company names or products is for the benefit of the reader and does not imply endorsements, guarantee, or preferential treatment by the USDA or its agents. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 21 BP 9363 EP 9371 DI 10.1021/es2010094 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 837OI UT WOS:000296212700036 PM 21939238 ER PT J AU Conant, RT Ryan, MG Agren, GI Birge, HE Davidson, EA Eliasson, PE Evans, SE Frey, SD Giardina, CP Hopkins, FM Hyvonen, R Kirschbaum, MUF Lavallee, JM Leifeld, J Parton, WJ Steinweg, JM Wallenstein, MD Wetterstedt, JAM Bradford, MA AF Conant, Richard T. Ryan, Michael G. Agren, Goran I. Birge, Hannah E. Davidson, Eric A. Eliasson, Peter E. Evans, Sarah E. Frey, Serita D. Giardina, Christian P. Hopkins, Francesca M. Hyvonen, Riitta Kirschbaum, Miko U. F. Lavallee, Jocelyn M. Leifeld, Jens Parton, William J. Steinweg, Jessica Megan Wallenstein, Matthew D. Wetterstedt, J. A. Martin Bradford, Mark A. TI Temperature and soil organic matter decomposition rates - synthesis of current knowledge and a way forward SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE decomposition; experiments; new conceptual model; review; soil carbon; temperature sensitivity ID STANDARD PLANT-MATERIAL; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; MEAN ANNUAL TEMPERATURE; MICROBIAL RESPIRATION; HUMIC-ACID; AQUEOUS NUCLEOBASES; THERMAL ADAPTATION; SUBSTRATE QUALITY; TROPICAL SOILS; CO2 PRODUCTION AB The response of soil organic matter (OM) decomposition to increasing temperature is a critical aspect of ecosystem responses to global change. The impacts of climate warming on decomposition dynamics have not been resolved due to apparently contradictory results from field and lab experiments, most of which has focused on labile carbon with short turnover times. But the majority of total soil carbon stocks are comprised of organic carbon with turnover times of decades to centuries. Understanding the response of these carbon pools to climate change is essential for forecasting longer-term changes in soil carbon storage. Herein, we briefly synthesize information from recent studies that have been conducted using a wide variety of approaches. In our effort to understand research to-date, we derive a new conceptual model that explicitly identifies the processes controlling soil OM availability for decomposition and allows a more explicit description of the factors regulating OM decomposition under different circumstances. It explicitly defines resistance of soil OM to decomposition as being due either to its chemical conformation (quality) or its physico-chemical protection from decomposition. The former is embodied in the depolymerization process, the latter by adsorption/desorption and aggregate turnover. We hypothesize a strong role for variation in temperature sensitivity as a function of reaction rates for both. We conclude that important advances in understanding the temperature response of the processes that control substrate availability, depolymerization, microbial efficiency, and enzyme production will be needed to predict the fate of soil carbon stocks in a warmer world. C1 [Conant, Richard T.; Birge, Hannah E.; Evans, Sarah E.; Lavallee, Jocelyn M.; Parton, William J.; Steinweg, Jessica Megan; Wallenstein, Matthew D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Conant, Richard T.] Queensland Univ Technol, Inst Sustainable Resources, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Ryan, Michael G.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Agren, Goran I.; Eliasson, Peter E.; Hyvonen, Riitta; Wetterstedt, J. A. Martin] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Davidson, Eric A.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Frey, Serita D.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Giardina, Christian P.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, Hilo, HI 96785 USA. [Hopkins, Francesca M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Kirschbaum, Miko U. F.] Landcare Res, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. [Leifeld, Jens] Agroscope Reckenholz Tanikon, Air Pollut Climate Grp, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bradford, Mark A.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Conant, RT (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM conant@nrel.colostate.edu RI Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011; Wallenstein, Matthew/C-6441-2008; Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Bradford, Mark/G-3850-2012; Conant, Richard/B-7586-2013; Davidson, Eric/K-4984-2013; Leifeld, Jens/A-3298-2014 OI Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073; Wallenstein, Matthew/0000-0002-6219-1442; Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Bradford, Mark/0000-0002-2022-8331; Conant, Richard/0000-0001-7315-2476; Davidson, Eric/0000-0002-8525-8697; Leifeld, Jens/0000-0002-7245-9852 FU NSF [0842315]; US Department of Energy [2008-35107-18655, 3454-CSU-DOE-4157] FX This article reflects ideas initially discussed at a one-day workshop following the 'Soil Organic Matter Dynamics: Land Use, Management and Global Changes' meeting held at Colorado Springs, CO in July 2009. We are grateful for the travel support provided to some of the authors of this work. The workshop was supported by NSF award 0842315 to Conant and US Department of Energy awards to Wallenstein (2008-35107-18655 and 3454-CSU-DOE-4157). We thank the three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 140 TC 322 Z9 335 U1 77 U2 716 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 17 IS 11 BP 3392 EP 3404 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02496.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 836UA UT WOS:000296137000010 ER PT J AU Green, BB Kandasamy, S Elsasser, TH Kerr, DE AF Green, B. B. Kandasamy, S. Elsasser, T. H. Kerr, D. E. TI The use of dermal fibroblasts as a predictive tool of the toll-like receptor 4 response pathway and its development in Holstein heifers SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE toll-like receptor 4; fibroblast; genetic variation ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI MASTITIS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; CLINICAL MASTITIS; DAIRY-CATTLE; ACUTE-PHASE; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY; SELECTION EXPERIMENTS; ENDOTOXIN TOLERANCE AB The innate immune system comprises the host's first line of defense against invading pathogens, and variation in the magnitude of this response between animals has been shown to affect susceptibility to mastitis. The toll-like receptor (TLR) family of proteins initiates the response to invading bacteria, specifically with TLR4 recognizing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of gram-negative microbes. The underlying genetic variation in the TLR4 pathway leading to differential response is not well understood; therefore, the objective of this work was to determine the efficacy in which the response to LPS by dermal fibroblasts could be used to predict the actual systemic response of that animal to an intravenous endotoxin challenge. To accomplish this, dermal fibroblasts were isolated from 15 Holstein heifers at 5, 11, and 16 mo of age and exposed to either LPS or IL-1 beta; then, the production of IL-8 in medium was quantified by ELISA. Animals were ranked based upon the magnitude of the fibroblast IL-8 response, and 8 heifers were selected [4 low responders (LR) and 4 high responders (HR)] for challenge with an intravenous bolus dose (0.5 mu g/kg of body weight) of LPS. Overall, between-animal variation in fibroblast IL-8 production following LPS or IL-1 beta was high, indicating appreciable differences in the TLR4 pathway of the animals. Ranking of the fibroblast responses was consistent across the 3 sampling times for each animal; however, the absolute response increased, and the age at which the fibroblasts were obtained was consistent with the potential for age-related changes in cell function to affect immune function processes. Following systemic LPS challenge, HR heifers had higher plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-a and IL-8 than LR heifers. However, LR heifers had a stronger febrile response than HR heifers. The use of dermal fibroblasts under laboratory conditions appears to represent a practical model for predicting the innate immune response in vivo and could act as an important tool in mapping genetic differences of the TLR4 pathway. C1 [Green, B. B.; Kandasamy, S.; Kerr, D. E.] Univ Vermont, Dept Anim Sci, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Elsasser, T. H.] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kerr, DE (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Anim Sci, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM david.kerr@uvm.edu RI Wright, Lori/G-7315-2011 FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2010-65119-20495] FX The authors acknowledge Aimee Benjamin, Amanda Ochoa, Amanda LaCroix, and Melissa Woolpert from the University of Vermont (Burlington) for their technical assistance as well as Doug Watkin and Scott Shumway (University of Vermont, Burlington) for the handling and care of animals within this study. Funding for this research was supported by a grant from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Award #2010-65119-20495. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 94 IS 11 BP 5502 EP 5514 DI 10.3168/jds.2011-4441 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 838CO UT WOS:000296264600026 PM 22032373 ER PT J AU VanRaden, PM Olson, KM Wiggans, GR Cole, JB Tooker, ME AF VanRaden, P. M. Olson, K. M. Wiggans, G. R. Cole, J. B. Tooker, M. E. TI Genomic inbreeding and relationships among Holsteins, Jerseys, and Brown Swiss SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE inbreeding; breed relationship; genotype; pedigree ID GENETIC EVALUATION; DAIRY-CATTLE; SELECTION; PREDICTIONS; BULLS; POPULATIONS; PEDIGREE; MARKERS AB Genomic measures of relationship and inbreeding within and across breeds were compared with pedigree measures using genotypes for 43,385 loci of 25,219 Holsteins, 3,068 Jerseys, and 872 Brown Swiss. Adjustment factors allow genomic and pedigree relationships to match more closely within breeds and in multibreed populations and were estimated using means and regressions of genomic on pedigree relationships and allele frequencies in base populations. Correlations of genomic relationships with pedigree inbreeding were higher within each breed when an allele frequency of 0.5, rather than base population frequencies, was used, whereas correlations of average genomic relationships with average pedigree relationships and also reliabilities of genomic evaluations were higher using base population frequencies. Allele frequencies differed in the 3 breeds and were correlated by 0.65 to 0.67 when estimated from genotyped animals compared with 0.72 to 0.74 when estimated from breed base populations. The largest difference in allele frequency was between Holstein and the other breeds on chromosome Bos taurus autosome 4 near a gene affecting appearance of white skin patches (vitiligo) in humans. Each animal's breed composition was predicted very accurately with a standard deviation of <3% using regressions on genotypes at all loci or less accurately with a standard deviation of <6% using subsets of loci. Genomic future inbreeding (half an animal's mean genomic relationship to current animals of the same breed) was correlated by 0.75 to 0.94 with expected future inbreeding (half the average pedigree relationship). Correlations of both were slightly higher with parent averages than with genomic evaluations for net merit of young Holstein bulls. Thus, rates of increase in genomic and pedigree inbreeding per generation should be slightly reduced with genomic selection, in agreement with previous simulations. Genomic inbreeding and future inbreeding have been provided with individual genomic predictions since 2008. New methods to adjust pedigree and genomic relationship matrices so that they match may provide an improved basis for multibreed genomic evaluation. Positive definite matrices can be obtained by adjusting pedigree relationships for covariances among base animals within breed, whereas adjusting genomic relationships to match pedigree relationships can introduce negative eigenvalues. Pedigree relationship matrices ignore common ancestry shared by base animals within breed and may not approximate genomic relationships well in multibreed populations. C1 [VanRaden, P. M.; Wiggans, G. R.; Cole, J. B.; Tooker, M. E.] ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Olson, K. M.] Natl Assoc Anim Breeders, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. RP VanRaden, PM (reprint author), ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM paul.vanraden@ars.usda.gov RI Cole, John/J-8571-2014 OI Cole, John/0000-0003-1242-4401 NR 28 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 94 IS 11 BP 5673 EP 5682 DI 10.3168/jds.2011-4500 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 838CO UT WOS:000296264600044 PM 22032391 ER PT J AU Hoshide, AK Halloran, JM Kersbergen, RJ Griffin, TS DeFauw, SL LaGasse, BJ Jain, S AF Hoshide, A. K. Halloran, J. M. Kersbergen, R. J. Griffin, T. S. DeFauw, S. L. LaGasse, B. J. Jain, S. TI Effects of stored feed cropping systems and farm size on the profitability of Maine organic dairy farm simulations SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy; economic; integrated farm system model; organic ID HERD MODEL; MANAGEMENT AB United States organic dairy production has increased to meet the growing demand for organic milk. Despite higher prices received for milk, organic dairy farmers have come under increasing financial stress due to increases in concentrated feed prices over the past few years, which can make up one-third of variable costs. Market demand for milk has also leveled in the last year, resulting in some downward pressure on prices paid to dairy farmers. Organic dairy farmers in the Northeast United States have experimented with growing different forage and grain crops to maximize on-farm production of protein and energy to improve profitability. Three representative organic feed systems were simulated using the integrated farm system model for farms with 30, 120, and 220 milk cows. Increasing intensity of equipment use was represented by organic dairy farms growing only perennial sod (low) to those with corn-based forage systems, which purchase supplemental grain (medium) or which produce and feed soybeans (high). The relative profitability of these 3 organic feed systems was strongly dependent on dairy farm size. From results, we suggest smaller organic dairy farms can be more profitable with perennial sod-based rather than corn-based forage systems due to lower fixed costs from using only equipment associated with perennial forage harvest and storage. The largest farm size was more profitable using a corn-based system due to greater economies of scale for growing soybeans, corn grain, winter cereals, and corn silages. At an intermediate farm size of 120 cows, corn-based forage systems were more profitable if perennial sod was not harvested at optimum quality, corn was grown on better soils, or if milk yield was 10% higher. Delayed harvest decreased the protein and energy content of perennial sod crops, requiring more purchased grain to balance the ration and resulting in lower profits. Corn-based systems were less affected by lower perennial forage quality, as corn silage is part of the forage base. Growing on better soils increased corn yields more than perennial forage yields. Large corn-based organic dairy farms that produced and fed soybeans minimized off-farm grain purchases and were the most profitable among large farms. Although perennial sod-based systems purchased more grain, these organic systems were more profitable under timely forage harvest, decreased soil quality, and relatively lower purchased energy prices and higher protein supplement prices. C1 [Hoshide, A. K.; Halloran, J. M.; DeFauw, S. L.; LaGasse, B. J.] USDA, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Hoshide, A. K.] Univ Maine, Sch Econ, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Kersbergen, R. J.] Univ Maine Cooperat Extens, Waldo, ME 04915 USA. [Griffin, T. S.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Hoshide, AK (reprint author), USDA, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM aaron.hoshide@umit.maine.edu RI Wright, Lori/G-7315-2011; Jain, Shaleen/B-2923-2011 OI Jain, Shaleen/0000-0003-1792-4421 FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES) [ME02005-04474] FX The authors thank Al Rotz (USDA-ARS, University Park, PA) for educating us about the IFSM and for guiding us through model calibration and validation, as well as 2 anonymous reviewers for improving the quality of this manuscript. We also thank Julia Simons and Zach Conrad (both of the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA) for conducting background research on organic dairy. Peggy Pinette (USDA-ARS, New England Plant, Soil and Water Laboratory, Orono, ME) and Thomas Molloy (Plant, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Maine, Orono) provided organic dairy forage data for Rogers, Smith, and Witter Farms in Orono, Maine. We are also grateful to Dave Marcinkowski (Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Maine, Orono) for providing background and analysis on the organic dairy feeding trials at the University of New Hampshire (Durham) and University of Maine (Orono). John Jemison (University of Maine Cooperative Extension, Orono) answered questions about organic dairy forage trials at the University of Maine. This research was made possible through support from a USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES) Integrated Organic Program project (number ME02005-04474) titled "Reducing off-farm grain inputs on Northeast organic dairy farms." NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 94 IS 11 BP 5710 EP 5723 DI 10.3168/jds.2011-4361 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 838CO UT WOS:000296264600049 PM 22032396 ER PT J AU Ramakrishnan, U Goldenberg, T Aliens, LH AF Ramakrishnan, Usha Goldenberg, Tamar Aliens, Lindsay H. TI Do Multiple Micronutrient Interventions Improve Child Health, Growth, and Development? SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SOUTH-AFRICAN INFANTS; MOTOR DEVELOPMENT; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DOUBLE-BLIND; IRON SUPPLEMENTATION; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; BANGLADESHI INFANTS; COMPLEMENTARY FOODS AB Micronutrient deficiencies are common and often co-occur in many developing countries. Several studies have examined the benefits of providing multiple micronutrient (MMN) interventions during pregnancy and childhood, but the implications for programs remain unclear. The key objective of this review is to summarize what is known about the efficacy of MMN interventions during early childhood on functional outcomes, namely, child health, survival, growth, and development, to guide policy and identify gaps for future research. We identified review articles including meta-analyses and intervention studies that evaluated the benefits of MMN interventions (3 or more micronutrients) in children (<5 y of age) using Pubmed and EMBASE. Several controlled trials (n = 45) and meta-analyses (n = 6) have evaluated the effects of MMN interventions primarily for child morbidity, anemia, and growth. Two studies found no effects on child mortality. The findings for respiratory illness and diarrhea are mixed, although suggestive of benefit when provided as fortified foods. There is evidence from several controlled trials (>25) and 2 meta-analyses that MMN interventions improve hemoglobin concentrations and reduce anemia, but the effects were small compared to providing only iron or iron with folic acid. Two recent meta-analyses and several intervention trials also indicated that MMN interventions improve linear growth compared to providing a placebo or single nutrients. Much less is known about the effects on MMN interventions during early childhood on motor and mental development. In summary, MMN interventions may result in improved outcomes for children in settings where micronutrient deficiencies are widespread. J. Nutr. 141: 2066-2075, 2011. C1 [Ramakrishnan, Usha; Goldenberg, Tamar] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Aliens, Lindsay H.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ramakrishnan, U (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM uramakr@emory.edu RI Mireku, Michael/D-5262-2016; Ramakrishnan, Usha/L-8921-2016 FU International Nutrition Council FX Published as a supplement to The Journal of Nutrition. Presented as part of the symposium entitled "Multiple Micronutrient Interventions during Early Childhood: Moving towards Evidence-Based Policy and Program Planning" given at the Experimental Biology 2010 meeting, April 25, 2010, in Anaheim, CA. The symposium was sponsored by the International Nutrition Council. The symposium was chaired by Usha Ramakrishnan and Lynnette Neufeld. Guest Editor for this symposium publication was Charles Stephensen. Guest Editor disclosure: no conflicts to disclose. NR 56 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 141 IS 11 BP 2066 EP 2075 DI 10.3945/jn.111.146845 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 837PD UT WOS:000296214800023 PM 21956959 ER PT J AU Payne, S Covaleda, L Guo, JH Swafford, S Baroch, J Ferro, PJ Lupiani, B Heatley, J Tizard, I AF Payne, Susan Covaleda, Lina Guo Jianhua Swafford, Seth Baroch, John Ferro, Pamela J. Lupiani, Blanca Heatley, Jill Tizard, Ian TI Detection and Characterization of a Distinct Bornavirus Lineage from Healthy Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROVENTRICULAR DILATATION DISEASE; AVIAN BORNAVIRUS; PSITTACINE BIRDS; VIRUS; ORGANIZATION; RESERVOIR AB Avian bornaviruses (ABV), identified in 2008, infect captive parrots and macaws worldwide. The natural reservoirs of these viruses are unknown. Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) was used to screen oropharyngeal/cloacal swab and brain samples from wild Canada geese (Branta canadensis) for ABV. Approximately 2.9% of swab samples were positive for bornavirus sequences. Fifty-two percent of brain samples from 2 urban flocks also tested positive, and brain isolates were cultured in duck embryo fibroblasts. Phylogenetic analyses placed goose isolates in an independent cluster, and more notably, important regulatory sequences present in Borna disease virus but lacking in psittacine ABVs were present in goose isolates. C1 [Payne, Susan; Covaleda, Lina; Guo Jianhua; Ferro, Pamela J.; Lupiani, Blanca; Tizard, Ian] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Swafford, Seth] USDA APHIS Wildlife Serv, Columbia, MO 65202 USA. [Baroch, John] USDA APHIS Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Heatley, Jill] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Payne, S (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, MS 4467, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM spayne@cvm.tamu.edu RI Payne, Susan/C-8236-2013 FU Texas AM University FX This project was supported by the Richard M. Schubot Endowment at Texas A&M University. NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 85 IS 22 BP 12053 EP 12056 DI 10.1128/JVI.05700-11 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 840FB UT WOS:000296422700048 PM 21900161 ER PT J AU Chen, CM Li, SC Chen, CYO Au, HK Shih, CK Hsu, CY Liu, JF AF Chen, Chiao-Ming Li, Sing-Chung Chen, C. -Y. Oliver Au, Heng-Kien Shih, Chun-Kuang Hsu, Ching-Yun Liu, Jen-Fang TI Constituents in purple sweet potato leaves inhibit in vitro angiogenesis with opposite effects ex vivo SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Purple sweet potato leaves; Polyphenols; Angiogenesis ID ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS; GREEN TEA; RED WINE; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; TUMOR-GROWTH; POLYPHENOLS; CONSUMPTION; SUPPRESSION; MIGRATION; DISEASE AB Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effect of polyphenols in purple sweet potato leaves (PSPLs) on angiogenesis in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). The ex vivo effect was test in human serum collected from the subjects who consumed 200 g of PSPL in a low polyphenol diet versus a low polyphenol diet. Methods: Methanolic extract from PSPLs and human sera from subjects were treated with HUVECs and the effects of cell proliferation, migration, tube formation, and matrix metalloproteinase activity were investigated. Results: The PSPL polyphenols at 0.2 to 0.6 mM gallic acid equivalents inhibited proliferation, migration, and tube formation of vascular endothelial growth factor-treated HUVECs. Further, the activity of secreted matrix metalloproteinase-2 was decreased by at least 13.8%. However, 5% PSPL serum increased migration and tube formation of HUVECs by 110% and 56.9%, respectively, compared with serum from subjects on the low polyphenol diet. Further, the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 was increased by 128% in the PSPL serum. Conclusion: These results suggest that PSPL polyphenols inhibited in vitro angiogenesis, but PSPL constituents might shift serum biochemistries to be more proangiogenic. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Sing-Chung; Shih, Chun-Kuang; Liu, Jen-Fang] Taipei Med Univ, Sch Nutr & Hlth Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. [Chen, Chiao-Ming] Shih Chien Univ, Dept Food Sci Nutr & Nutraceut Biotechnol, Taipei, Taiwan. [Chen, C. -Y. Oliver] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Au, Heng-Kien] Taipei Med Univ Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Taipei, Taiwan. [Hsu, Ching-Yun] Chang Gung Inst Technol, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, Tao Yuan, Taiwan. RP Liu, JF (reprint author), Taipei Med Univ, Sch Nutr & Hlth Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. EM liujenfa@tmu.edu.tw FU Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Taiwan [DOH 94-TD-F-113-022]; National Science Council [NSC 95-2320-B-038-046] FX This study was sponsored by the Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Taiwan (DOH 94-TD-F-113-022) and the National Science Council (NSC 95-2320-B-038-046). NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 27 IS 11-12 BP 1177 EP 1182 DI 10.1016/j.nut.2011.01.005 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 838RN UT WOS:000296310000015 PM 21763106 ER PT J AU Mattei, J Demissie, S Tucker, KL Ordovas, JM AF Mattei, J. Demissie, S. Tucker, K. L. Ordovas, J. M. TI The APOA1/C3/A4/A5 cluster and markers of allostatic load in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study SO NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Allostatic load; APOA1/C3/A4/A5 cluster; Gene-diet interaction; Puerto Ricans; Single nucleotide polymorphism ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; GENE-CLUSTER; HDL-CHOLESTEROL; PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDES; METABOLIC SYNDROME; APOLIPOPROTEIN A5; BLOOD-PRESSURE; DISEASE; ASSOCIATION; DISPARITIES AB Background and aims: The APOA1/C3/A4/A5 cluster encodes key regulators of plasma lipids. Interactions between dietary factors and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the cluster have been reported. Allostatic load, or physiological dysregulation in response to stress, has been implicated in shaping health disparities in ethnic groups. We aimed to determine the association between polymorphisms in the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 cluster with allostatic load parameters, alone, and in interaction with dietary fat intake in Puerto Ricans adults. Methods and results: Data on demographic and anthropometric measures, lifestyle behaviors, and medication use, as well as blood and urine samples for biomarker analysis, were obtained from participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (n = 821, age 45-75 y). The 12 polymorphisms analyzed were not associated with allostatic load parameters. Significant interactions were observed between dietary fat intake and APOA1 -75 in association with waist circumference (WC), (P = 0.005), APOC3 -640 with diastolic blood pressure (DBP), (P = 0.003), and APOA4 N147S and APOA5 S19W with systolic blood pressure (SBP), (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). Puerto Ricans homozygous for the common allele of APOA1 -75, APOA4 N147S and APOA5 S19W had lower WC and SBP when consuming <31% of total fat from energy, than participants with the minor allele. Participants heterozygous for APOC3 -640 had lower DBP at total fat intake >= 31% from energy. Conclusion: SNPs in APOA1/C3/A4/A5, as modulated by dietary fat intake, appear to influence allostatic load parameters in Puerto Ricans. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ordovas, J. M.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Mattei, J.; Tucker, K. L.; Ordovas, J. M.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Demissie, S.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02108 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM josiemer.mattei@tufts.edu; demissie@bu.edu; kl.tucker@neu.edu; jose.ordovas@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; Mattei, Josiemer/H-1800-2016; OI Mattei, Josiemer/0000-0001-5424-8245; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute on Aging [P01AG023394, P01AG023394-S1]; United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service [58-1950-7-707] FX We would like to thank Dr. Laurence D. Parnell and Dr. Jian Shen for revising the manuscript. This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute on Aging, Grant Numbers P01AG023394 and P01AG023394-S1 and by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service agreement number 58-1950-7-707. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0939-4753 J9 NUTR METAB CARDIOVAS JI Nutr. Metab. Carbiovasc. Dis. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 21 IS 11 BP 862 EP 870 DI 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.02.024 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 841RD UT WOS:000296529500005 PM 20674306 ER PT J AU Lee, JC Bruck, DJ Dreves, AJ Ioriatti, C Vogt, H Baufeld, P AF Lee, Jana C. Bruck, Denny J. Dreves, Amy J. Ioriatti, Claudio Vogt, Heidrun Baufeld, Peter TI In Focus: Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, across perspectives SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Drosophila suzukii; North America; Europe; Mexico AB In August 2008, the first detection of the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, to the North America mainland in California caused great concern, as the fly was found infesting a variety of commercial fruits. Subsequent detections followed in Oregon, Washington, Florida and British Columbia in 2009; in Utah, North Carolina, South Carolina, Michigan, and Louisiana in 2010; and in Virginia, Montana, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland and Mexico in 2011. In Europe, it has been detected in Italy and Spain in 2009 and in France in 2010. Economic costs to the grower from D. suzukii include the increased cost of production (increased labor and materials for chemical inputs, monitoring and other management tools) and crop loss. An effective response to the invasion of D. suzukii requires proper taxonomic identification at the initial phase, understanding basic biology and phenology, developing management tools, transferring information and technology quickly to user groups, and evaluating the impact of the research and extension program on an economic, social, and environmental level. As D. suzukii continues to expand its range, steps must be initiated in each new region to educate and inform the public as well as formulate management tactics suitable for the crops and growing conditions in each. (C) 2011 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Lee, Jana C.; Bruck, Denny J.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Dreves, Amy J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ioriatti, Claudio] FEM Ctr Technol Transfer, Trento, Italy. [Vogt, Heidrun] JKI, Fed Res Ctr Cultivated Plants, Inst Plant Protect Fruit Crops & Viticulture, Dossenheim, Germany. [Baufeld, Peter] JKI, Fed Res Ctr Cultivated Plants, Inst Natl & Int Plant Hlth, Dossenheim, Germany. RP Bruck, DJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM Denny.Bruck@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 74 Z9 79 U1 9 U2 129 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 67 IS 11 BP 1349 EP 1351 DI 10.1002/ps.2271 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 840GP UT WOS:000296427600001 PM 21990168 ER PT J AU Lee, JC Bruck, DJ Curry, H Edwards, D Haviland, DR Van Steenwyk, RA Yorgey, BM AF Lee, Jana C. Bruck, Denny J. Curry, Hannah Edwards, David Haviland, David R. Van Steenwyk, Robert A. Yorgey, Brian M. TI The susceptibility of small fruits and cherries to the spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Drosophila suzukii; cultivars; oviposition; ripeness stage AB BACKGROUND: The spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, is native to Asia and was first detected in the North American mainland and Europe in 2008-2010. Drosophila suzukii is a serious economic pest to stone and small fruits because the female lays eggs within ripening fruit on a plant before harvest, which can lead to crop loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of blackberries, blueberries, cherries, grapes, raspberries and strawberries to D. suzukii among various ripeness stages and cultivars. RESULTS: In 26 no-choice and choice replicated laboratory cage tests on ripeness stages, fruits were generally susceptible to D. suzukii once fruits started to color. Few D. suzukii developed on green fruit, wine grapes or overripe blueberries. In seven cultivar tests, D. suzukii preferences ranged from no differences to fourfold differences for specific cultivars of blackberries, blueberries, raspberries and wine grapes. As brix levels increased, more eggs were laid or more D. suzukii developed on blackberries, blueberries, cherries, raspberries and strawberries. In a choice test of various fruit types, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, cherries and blueberries were more susceptible to D. suzukii than green table grapes ('Thompson'). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that fruits may become susceptible to D. suzukii as they start to turn color, and that specific varieties of grapes and overripe blueberries have low susceptibility to D. suzukii. (C) 2011 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Lee, Jana C.; Bruck, Denny J.; Edwards, David] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Curry, Hannah; Yorgey, Brian M.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Haviland, David R.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Bakersfield, CA USA. [Van Steenwyk, Robert A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, JC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 NW OrchardAve, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM jana.lee@ars.usda.gov FU Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research; California Cherry Advisory Board; USDA CRIS [5358-22000-032-00D] FX The authors thank J Klick, C Fieland, J Kleiber, A Lake, E Parent, A Thornhill, T Whitney and J Wong for conducting laboratory tests, and A Dreves for comments on the manuscript. They also thank the blueberry and cherry growers, D Bryla and C Finn, for providing access to fruit, and the Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research, California Cherry Advisory Board, and USDA CRIS 5358-22000-032-00D for funding. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 8 TC 113 Z9 118 U1 13 U2 142 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 67 IS 11 BP 1358 EP 1367 DI 10.1002/ps.2225 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 840GP UT WOS:000296427600003 PM 21710685 ER PT J AU Bruck, DJ Bolda, M Tanigoshi, L Klick, J Kleiber, J DeFrancesco, J Gerdeman, B Spitler, H AF Bruck, Denny J. Bolda, Mark Tanigoshi, Lynell Klick, Jimmy Kleiber, Joseph DeFrancesco, Joe Gerdeman, Beverly Spitler, Hollis TI Laboratory and field comparisons of insecticides to reduce infestation of Drosophila suzukii in berry crops SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pesticide; field; bioassay; blueberry; strawberry; raspberry; blackberry; grape ID PLUM CURCULIO; RESISTANCE; TEPHRITIDAE; MORTALITY; GENETICS; GENOMICS; DIPTERA; ADULT AB BACKGROUND: The spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive pest of small-fruit crops. Unlike most other Drosophila, this insect is able to oviposit into and damage ripe and ripening fruit, making it unmarketable. Because this is a new pest in the United States, it is necessary to identify registered insecticides to manage this insect effectively in conventional and organic production systems. RESULTS: The present laboratory bioassays and field trials identified a number of insecticides representing various modes of action that are effective in controlling D. suzukii. Products that performed well in the laboratory bioassay also performed well in the field, indicating that screening of new chemistries in the laboratory is a worthy exercise. Field application of pyrethoids, organophosphates or spinosyns provided 5-14 days of residual control of D. suzukii. The efficacy of the neonicotinoids as adulticides was not satisfactory compared with the other contact-mode-of-action chemistries. Based on the zero tolerance by the small-fruit industry and the individual effects mentioned above, neonicotinoids are not currently recommended for D. suzukii management. CONCLUSIONS: There are effective insecticides registered for controlling D. suzukii infestations in susceptible small-fruit crops. (C) 2011 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Bruck, Denny J.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Bolda, Mark] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens Serv, Watsonville, CA USA. [Tanigoshi, Lynell; Gerdeman, Beverly; Spitler, Hollis] Washington State Univ, Mt Vernon, WA USA. [Klick, Jimmy; Kleiber, Joseph; DeFrancesco, Joe] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bruck, DJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM Denny.Bruck@ars.usda.gov FU Oregon Department of Agriculture; Washington State Blueberry; Red Raspberry Commission; Strawberry Commission; Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration; Northwest Agriculture Research Foundation FX The authors would like to thank all of the growers who cooperated in the performance of these trials and granted access to their farms. They would also like to thank the various agrochemical companies for providing samples of their products for experimental testing. Funding for this project was provided to DJ Bruck by the Oregon Department of Agriculture. The research in Washington State was funded in part by the Washington State Blueberry, Red Raspberry and Strawberry Commissions, the Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration and the Northwest Agriculture Research Foundation. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 22 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 11 U2 88 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 67 IS 11 BP 1375 EP 1385 DI 10.1002/ps.2242 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 840GP UT WOS:000296427600005 PM 21800409 ER PT J AU Meepagala, KM Osbrink, W Burandt, C Lax, A Duke, SO AF Meepagala, Kumudini M. Osbrink, Weste Burandt, Charles Lax, Alan Duke, Stephen O. TI Natural-product-based chromenes as a novel class of potential termiticides SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Formosan subterranean termites; Amyris Texana; chromene amides; chromenes; termiticide ID SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE ISOPTERA; AMYRIS-TEXANA; UNITED-STATES; RHINOTERMITIDAE; DERIVATIVES; TOXICITY AB BACKGROUND: Among the termite infestations in the United States, the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), is considered to be the most devastating termite pest. This pest most likely invaded North America as a result of the disembarkation of wooden military cargo at the port of New Orleans that arrived from Asia during and after World War II. It has now spread over other states, including Texas, Florida, South Carolina and California. Devastation caused by C. formosanus in North America has been estimated to cost $US 1 billion a year. Over the past decades, organochlorines and organophosphates, the two prominent classes of termite control agents, have been banned owing to environmental and human health concerns. At the present time, phenylpyrazoles, pyrethroids, chloronicotinyls and pyrroles are being used as termite control agents. Mammalian toxicity and seeping of these compounds into groundwater are some of the drawbacks associated with these treatments. The instruction for the application of these termiticides indicate ground water advisory. Hence, with the increasing spread of termite infestation there is an increased need to discover effective, environmentally friendly and safe termite control agents with minimal mammalian toxicity. RESULTS: Chromene analogs derived from a natural-product-based chromene amide isolated from Amyris texana were tested in a collaborative discovery program for effective, environmentally friendly termite control agents. Several chromene derivatives were synthesized and characterized as a novel class of potential termiticides, followed by bioassays. These compounds exhibited significantly higher mortalities compared with untreated controls in laboratory bioassays. CONCLUSION: Chromene derivatives have been shown to be a potential novel class of termiticides against Formosan subterranean termites. (C) 2011 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Meepagala, Kumudini M.; Duke, Stephen O.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Osbrink, Weste; Lax, Alan] ARS, USDA, SRRC, Formosan Subterranean Res Unit, New Orleans, LA USA. [Burandt, Charles] Natl Ctr Nat Prod, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, University, MS USA. RP Meepagala, KM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kmeepaga@olemiss.edu NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 67 IS 11 BP 1446 EP 1450 DI 10.1002/ps.2196 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 840GP UT WOS:000296427600014 PM 21560225 ER PT J AU Williams, MT Warnock, BJ Betz, JM Beck, JJ Gardner, DR Lee, ST Molyneux, RJ Colegate, SM AF Williams, Maria T. Warnock, Bonnie J. Betz, Joseph M. Beck, John J. Gardner, Dale R. Lee, Stephen T. Molyneux, Russell J. Colegate, Steven M. TI Detection of High Levels of Pyrrolizidine-N-oxides in the Endangered Plant Cryptantha crassipes (Terlingua Creek Cat's-eye) Using HPLC-ESI-MS SO PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Cryptantha crassipes; pyrrolizidine; N-oxides; lycopsamine; HPLC-ESI-MS; SPE ID ALKALOIDS; SENECIO; POLLEN AB Introduction - A previous investigation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids produced by nine species of Cryptantha identified at least two chemotypes within the genus. Other research has postulated that pyrrolizidine-N-oxide concentrations increase as the growing conditions become harsher, particularly with respect to water availability. Cryptantha crassipes is an endangered plant with a very limited distribution range within a dry, harsh Texan ecosystem. Objective - To determine the pyrrolizidine alkaloid (and their N-oxides) profile and concentrations in Cryptantha crassipes. Methodology - Methanolic extracts of Cryptantha crassipes were partitioned into dilute sulphuric acid and the alkaloids concentrated using strong cation exchange, solid-phase extraction columns. Extracts were analysed using reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation ion trap mass spectrometry. Results - The N-oxides of lycopsamine and intermedine were the major pyrrolizidine alkaloids detected in Cryptantha crassipes. Smaller to trace amounts of other pyrrolizidine alkaloids observed were: the 7- and 3'-acetylated derivatives and the 1,2-dihydro analogs of lycopsamine-N-oxide and/or intermedine-N-oxide; a pair of unidentified N-oxides, isobaric with lycopsamine-N-oxide; and the N-oxides of leptanthine, echimiplatine, amabiline, echiumine and dihydroechiumine. Only trace amounts, if any, of the parent free base pyrrolizidine alkaloids were detected. The concentration of pyrrolizidine alkaloids was estimated to be 3-5% of the dry weight of milled leaves, or 10-50 times the levels previously reported for similar chemotypes. Conclusions - The high levels of the N-oxides of lycopsamine and intermedine establish the genus chemotype of the endangered Cryptantha crassipes and support earlier data linking high levels of N-oxides to dry, harsh growing conditions. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Gardner, Dale R.; Lee, Stephen T.; Colegate, Steven M.] ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT USA. [Molyneux, Russell J.] Univ Hawaii, Coll Pharm, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Beck, John J.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. [Betz, Joseph M.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Williams, Maria T.; Warnock, Bonnie J.] Sul Ross State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Alpine, TX USA. RP Colegate, SM (reprint author), ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT USA. EM steven.colegate@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0958-0344 J9 PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS JI Phytochem. Anal. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 22 IS 6 BP 532 EP 540 DI 10.1002/pca.1314 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 840EM UT WOS:000296421100008 PM 21433162 ER PT J AU Adhikari, TB Jackson, EW Gurung, S Hansen, JM Bonman, JM AF Adhikari, Tika B. Jackson, Eric W. Gurung, Suraj Hansen, Jana M. Bonman, J. Michael TI Association Mapping of Quantitative Resistance to Phaeosphaeria nodorum in Spring Wheat Landraces from the USDA National Small Grains Collection SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; STAGONOSPORA GLUME BLOTCH; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; HOST-SELECTIVE TOXINS; WINTER-WHEAT; MIXED-MODEL; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SEPTORIA-NODORUM; BREAD WHEAT AB Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB), caused by Phaeosphaeria nodorum, is a destructive disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) found throughout the United States. Host resistance is the only economically feasible option for manning the disease; however, few SNB-resistant wheat cultivars are known to exist. In this study, we report findings from an association mapping (AM) of resistance to P. nodorum in 567 spring wheat landraces of diverse geographic origin. The accessions were evaluated for seedling resistance to P. nodorum in a greenhouse. Phenotypic data and 625 polymorphic diversity array technology (DArT) markers have been used for linkage disequilibrium (LD) and association analyses. The results showed that seven DArT markers on five chromosomes (2D, 3B, 5B, 6A, and 7A) were significantly associated with resistance to P nodorum. Genetic regions on 2D, 3B, and 5B correspond to previously mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) conferring resistance to P nodorum whereas the remaining QTL appeared to be novel. These results demonstrate that the use of AM is an effective method for identifying new genomic regions associated with resistance to P nodorum in spring wheat landraces. Additionally, the novel resistance found in this study could be useful in wheat breeding aimed at controlling SNB. C1 [Adhikari, Tika B.; Gurung, Suraj; Hansen, Jana M.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Dept 7660, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Jackson, Eric W.; Bonman, J. Michael] ARS, USDA, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Adhikari, TB (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Dept 7660, POB 6050, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM tika.adhikari@ndsu.edu FU Wheat Research and Promotion Council, Minnesota; North Dakota Wheat Commission; State Board of Agricultural Research and Education, North Dakota; USDA-ARS [58-5366-0-133] FX We thank the Wheat Research and Promotion Council, Minnesota; North Dakota Wheat Commission; State Board of Agricultural Research and Education, North Dakota; and USDA-ARS specific cooperative agreement 58-5366-0-133 for financial support for this project; and A. Kilian and S. Mamidi for their help for statistical analysis. NR 59 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2011 VL 101 IS 11 BP 1301 EP 1310 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-03-11-0076 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 838CU UT WOS:000296265200006 PM 21692647 ER PT J AU Zhang, DD Bai, GH Hunger, RM Bockus, WW Yu, JM Carver, BF Brown-Guedira, G AF Zhang, Dadong Bai, Guihua Hunger, Robert M. Bockus, William W. Yu, Jianming Carver, Brett F. Brown-Guedira, Gina TI Association Study of Resistance to Soilborne wheat mosaic virusi in US Winter Wheat SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE association mapping; Triticum aestivum ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; MODEL APPROACH; BREAD WHEAT; POPULATION; DISTANCE; DISEASES; SAMPLES; TRAITS AB Soilborne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) is one of the most important winter wheat pathogens worldwide. To identify genes for resistance to the virus in U.S. winter wheat, association study was conducted using a selected panel of 205 elite experimental lines and cultivars from U.S. hard and soft winter wheat breeding programs. Virus symptoms were evaluated twice in virus-infected fields for the panel at Manhattan, KS in spring 2010 and 2011 and for a subpanel of 137 hard winter wheat accessions at Stillwater. OK in spring 2008. At the two locations, 69.8 and 79.5% of cultivars were resistant or moderately resistant to the disease, respectively. After 282 simple-sequence repeat markers covering all wheat chromosome arms were scanned for association in the panel, marker Xgwm469 on the long arm of chromosome 5D (5DL) showed a significant association with the disease rating. Three alleles (Xgwm469-165bp, -167bp, and -169bp) were associated with resistance and the null allele was associated with susceptibility. Correlations between the marker and the disease rating were highly significant (0.80 in Manhattan at P < 0.0001 and 0.63 in Stillwater at P < 0.0001). The alleles Xgwm469-165bp and Xgwm469-169bp were present mainly in the hard winter wheat group, whereas allele Xgwm469-167hp was predominant in the soft winter wheat. The 169 bp allele can be traced back to 'Newton', and the 165 bp allele to Aegilops tauschii. In addition, a novel locus on the short arm of chromosome 4D (4DS) was also identified to associate with the disease rating. Marker Xgwm469-5DL is closely linked to SBWMV resistance and highly polymorphic across the winter wheat accessions sampled in the study and, thus, should be useful in marker-assisted selection in U.S. winter wheat. C1 [Zhang, Dadong; Bai, Guihua; Yu, Jianming] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bai, Guihua] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Hunger, Robert M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Bockus, William W.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Carver, Brett F.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Brown-Guedira, Gina] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM guihua.bai@ars.usda.gov FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2011-68002-30029] FX Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Contribution number 11-220-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, KS. This project was supported by the National Research Initiative Competitive Grants CAP project 2011-68002-30029 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. We thank the Plant Disease Diagnostic Laboratories of Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan for providing ELISA data. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2011 VL 101 IS 11 BP 1322 EP 1329 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-02-11-0041 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 838CU UT WOS:000296265200008 PM 21999158 ER PT J AU Dennis, RL Cheng, HW AF Dennis, R. L. Cheng, H. W. TI The dopaminergic system and aggression in laying hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dopamine; laying hen; aggression ID FEATHER PECKING BEHAVIOR; GROUP SELECTION; HYPOTHALAMIC EPINEPHRINE; GENETIC SELECTION; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; SEROTONIN; STRESS; ADAPTATION; CAGES; RESPONSES AB The dopaminergic system is involved in the regulation of aggression in many species, especially via dopamine (DA) D1 and D2 receptor pathways. To investigate heritable differences in this regulation, 2 high aggressive strains [Dekalb XL (DXL) and low group egg productivity and survivability (LGPS)] and one low aggressive strain (low group egg productivity and survivability; HGPS) of laying hens were used in the study. The HGPS and LGPS lines were diversely selected using group selection for high and low group production and survivability. The DXL line is a commercial line selected through individual selection based on egg production. Heritable differences in aggressive propensity between the strains have been previously assessed. The birds were pair housed within the same strain and labeled as dominant or subordinate based on behavioral observation. For both experiments 1 and 2, behavioral analysis was performed on all 3 strains whereas neurotransmitter analysis was performed only on the most aggressive (DXL) and least aggressive (HGPS) strains. In experiment 1, the subordinate birds were treated with D1 agonist, D2 agonist; or saline controls (n = 12). In experiment 2, the dominant birds from a separate flock were treated with D1 antagonist, D2 antagonist, or saline controls (n = 12). Treatment-associated changes in aggressive behaviors and central neurotransmitters were measured. Aggression was increased in all strains in response to D1 agonism but increased only in the less aggressive HGPS birds with D2 agonism. Aggression was decreased and hypothalamic serotonin and epinephrine were increased in birds from all strains treated with D2 receptor antagonist. The D1 receptor antagonism elicited different behavioral and neurotransmitter responses based on the aggressive phenotype of the genetic strains. Aggressive strains DXL and LGPS but not the HGPS strain decreased aggressiveness following antagonism of the D1 receptor. The data show evidence for distinct neurotransmitter regulation of aggression in high and low aggressive strains of hens through different receptor systems. These chicken lines could provide new animal models for the biomedical investigation of the genetic basis of aggression. C1 [Dennis, R. L.; Cheng, H. W.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dennis, R. L.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Cheng, HW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Heng-wei.Cheng@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-NRI [2032] FX The authors thank the technicians at the Livestock Behavior Research Unit of the USDA (West Lafayette, IN), as well as Fred Haan and the staff of the Purdue University Poultry Facility (West Lafayette, IN) for their outstanding assistance. We also thank Paul Collodi, Robert Meisel, and William Muir for their consultation. The work was supported by a grant of USDA-NRI #2032. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 19 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 90 IS 11 BP 2440 EP 2448 DI 10.3382/ps.2011-01513 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 838CI UT WOS:000296263900005 PM 22010227 ER PT J AU Dozier, WA Kerr, BJ Branton, SL AF Dozier, W. A., III Kerr, B. J. Branton, S. L. TI Apparent metabolizable energy of crude glycerin originating from different sources in broiler chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE apparent metabolizable energy; gross energy; glycerin ID BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; GROWING PIGS; FATTY-ACIDS; LAYING HENS; ABSORPTION; PERFORMANCE; DIGESTION; INTESTINE; LIPIDS; DIET AB An energy balance experiment was conducted to determine the AME(n) of various crude glycerin samples, and to generate an equation to predict AME(n) of crude glycerin based on its chemical composition. Dietary treatments consisted of a corn-soybean meal basal diet with no added glycerin and a basal diet supplemented with 6% glycerin. Crude glycerin samples were obtained from biodiesel production facilities throughout the United States, which use a variety of lipid products as their initial feedstock. Two identical energy balance trials were conducted. In each trial, 864 male broilers (Ross x Ross 708) were fed a common starter diet until 17 d of age when they were switched to 1 of 12 experimental diets (6 replicates per treatment) from 17 to 22 d of age; with a 48-h collection period on d 21 and 22. Nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy values of crude glycerin samples were estimated by difference, whereby AME(n) of the basal diet was subtracted from the complete diet containing the test ingredient. The AME(n) of the basal diet and US Pharmacopeia-grade glycerin were determined to be 3;085 and 3,662 kcal/kg, respectively, whereas the AME(n) of the 10 crude glycerin samples ranged from 3,254 to 4,134 kcal/kg. Two crude glycerin samples had high levels of fatty acids compared with the other samples (24 and 35% vs. < 0.30%), and even though their AME(n) was higher than that of the other glycerin samples (3;806 vs. 3;611 kcal/kg; P < 0.01, respectively); their AME(n) as a percentage of gross energy (GE) was lower than that of the other samples (65.5% vs. 97.4%; respectively; P < 0.01). Including all of the glycerin samples; the stepwise regression equation to predict AME(n) was determined to be: [AME(n) (kcal/kg) = 1,605 - (19.13 x % methanol) + (39.06 x % fatty acid) + (23.47 x % glycerin)]; (R-2 = 0.25; SE = 379; P <= 0.01). These data indicate that glycerin is a good source of energy for broilers, and the AME(n) of glycerin is dependent on fatty acid; methanol, and water contents. C1 [Dozier, W. A., III] Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Kerr, B. J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Branton, S. L.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Dozier, WA (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM bill.dozier@auburn.edu NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 90 IS 11 BP 2528 EP 2534 DI 10.3382/ps.2011-01510 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 838CI UT WOS:000296263900016 PM 22010238 ER PT J AU Hume, ME AF Hume, M. E. TI Food Safety Symposium: Potential Impact of Reduced Antibiotic Use and the Roles of Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Other Alternatives in Antibiotic-Free Broiler Production SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE probiotic; prebiotic; bacteriophage; bacteriocin; essential oil ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI DIARRHEA; HUMAN COLONIC MICROBIOTA; LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; ESSENTIAL OILS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; DIETARY MODULATION AB Applications of antimicrobials in food production and human health have found favor throughout human history. Antibiotic applications in agricultural and human medical arenas have resulted in tremendous increases in food animal production and historically unprecedented gains in human health protection. Successes attributed to widespread antibiotic use have been accompanied by the inadvertent emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. A major problem associated with this emerging resistance is the crossover use of sonic antibiotics in agricultural settings as yell as in the prevention and treatment of human disease. This outcome led to calls to restrict the use of human health-related antibiotics in food an production. Calls for restricted antibiotic use have heightened existing searches for alternatives to antibiotics that give similar or enhanced production qualities as highly reliable as the at currently provided to food animals. Agricultural and scientific advances. mainly within the last 100 yr; have given us insights into sources, structures. and actions of materials that have found widespread application in our modern world. The purpose of this presentation is to provide a historic perspective on the search for what are generally known as antibiotics and alternative antimicrobials, probiotics, prebiotics, bacteriophages, bacteriocins, and phytotherapeutics. C1 ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Hume, ME (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM Michael.Hume@ars.usda.gov NR 77 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 23 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 90 IS 11 BP 2663 EP 2669 DI 10.3382/ps.2010-01030 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 838CI UT WOS:000296263900034 PM 22010256 ER PT J AU Berchieri-Ronchi, CB Kim, SW Zhao, Y Correa, CR Yeum, KJ Ferreira, ALA AF Berchieri-Ronchi, C. B. Kim, S. W. Zhao, Y. Correa, C. R. Yeum, K. -J. Ferreira, A. L. A. TI Oxidative stress status of highly prolific sows during gestation and lactation SO ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE antioxidant; DNA damage; oxidative stress; sows ID DNA-DAMAGE; COMET ASSAY; VITAMIN-C; ARGININE SUPPLEMENTATION; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; PREGNANT GILTS; PREECLAMPSIA; PIGLETS AB Elevated oxidative stress is reported to be associated with pregnancy complications in highly prolific sows. Oxidative DNA damage and the antioxidant status were determined in blood samples collected during the course of gestation and lactation in multiparous sows. Blood samples were drawn from sows (n = 5) on days 30, 60, 90 and 110 of gestation (G30, G60, G90 and G110, respectively), on day 3, 10 and 18 of lactation (L3, L10 and L18, respectively) and on day 5 of postweaning (W5). Lymphocytes were isolated from the fresh blood and cryopreserved in each time point. Lymphocyte DNA damage was analyzed by alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) to determine the single-and double-strand brakes and endogenous antioxidant concentrations using an HPLC system with UV detection. The comet assay showed elevated (P < 0.05) DNA damage (between 38% and 47%) throughout the gestational and lactational periods than during early gestation (G30; 21%). Plasma retinol concentration was reduced (P < 0.05) at the end of gestation (G110) compared with G30. Plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations also showed a similar trend as to retinol. This study indicates that there is an increased systemic oxidative stress during late gestation and lactation, which are not fully recovered until the weaning compared with the G30, and that antioxidant nutrients in circulation substantially reduced in the mother pig at G110. C1 [Berchieri-Ronchi, C. B.; Correa, C. R.; Yeum, K. -J.] Tufts Univ, Carotenoids & Hlth Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Berchieri-Ronchi, C. B.; Correa, C. R.; Ferreira, A. L. A.] Sao Paulo State Univ, Botucatu Med Sch, UNESP, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Kim, S. W.; Zhao, Y.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Berchieri-Ronchi, CB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Carotenoids & Hlth Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sungwoo_kim@ncsu.edu FU North Carolina Pork Council; North Carolina Agricultural Foundation; US Department of Agriculture (USDA); Agricultural Research Service [1950-51000-065-08S]; Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), Brasilia, DF, Brazil [0635/09-0] FX The authors are grateful for the financial supports from North Carolina Pork Council, North Carolina Agricultural Foundation, US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (Cooperative Agreement number 1950-51000-065-08S), Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), Brasilia, DF, Brazil (contract number 0635/09-0). Any opinions, findings, conclusion or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the CAPES or USDA. NR 37 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 18 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1751-7311 J9 ANIMAL JI Animal PD NOV PY 2011 VL 5 IS 11 BP 1774 EP 1779 DI 10.1017/S1751731111000772 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA 836EC UT WOS:000296091200012 PM 22440418 ER PT J AU Zeng, HW Jackson, MI Cheng, WH Combs, GF AF Zeng, Huawei Jackson, Matthew I. Cheng, Wen-Hsing Combs, Gerald F., Jr. TI Chemical Form of Selenium Affects Its Uptake, Transport, and Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in the Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cell Model SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Caco-2 cell; Chemical form; Glutathione peroxidase; Selenium; Yeast ID COPPER UPTAKE; SUPPLEMENTATION; BIOAVAILABILITY; APOPTOSIS; FOODS; CYCLE AB Determining the effect of selenium (Se) chemical form on uptake, transport, and glutathione peroxidase activity in human intestinal cells is critical to assess Se bioavailability at nutritional doses. In this study, we found that two sources of L-selenomethionine (SeMet) and Se-enriched yeast each increased intracellular Se content more effectively than selenite or methylselenocysteine (SeMSC) in the human intestinal Caco-2 cell model. Interestingly, SeMSC, SeMet, and digested Se-enriched yeast were transported at comparable efficacy from the apical to basolateral sides, each being about 3-fold that of selenite. In addition, these forms of Se, whether before or after traversing from apical side to basolateral side, did not change the potential to support glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Although selenoprotein P has been postulated to be a key Se transport protein, its intracellular expression did not differ when selenite, SeMSC, SeMet, or digested Se-enriched yeast was added to serum-contained media. Taken together, our data show, for the first time, that the chemical form of Se at nutritional doses can affect the absorptive (apical to basolateral side) efficacy and retention of Se by intestinal cells; but that, these effects are not directly correlated to the potential to support GPx activity. C1 [Zeng, Huawei; Jackson, Matthew I.; Combs, Gerald F., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. [Cheng, Wen-Hsing] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zeng, HW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. EM huawei.zeng@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture FX We are grateful to Drs. Lazarova and Uthus for critical review of the manuscript. The technical support given by James Botnen, Craig Lacher, Bill Martin, Mary BriskeAnderson, Brenda Skinner, and LuAnn Johnson is greatly appreciated. This work was supported by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 14 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 143 IS 2 BP 1209 EP 1218 DI 10.1007/s12011-010-8935-3 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 829UH UT WOS:000295609300060 PM 21181292 ER PT J AU Yoo, CG Nghiem, NP Hicks, KB Kim, TH AF Yoo, Chang Geun Nghiem, Nhuan P. Hicks, Kevin B. Kim, Tae Hyun TI Pretreatment of corn stover using low-moisture anhydrous ammonia (LMAA) process SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ammoniation; Lignocellulosic biomass; Ethanol; Simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation (SSCF); Pretreatment ID AQUEOUS AMMONIA; LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; PERACETIC-ACID; WHEAT-STRAW; ETHANOL; LIGNIN; DIGESTIBILITY; TECHNOLOGIES; CELLULASE AB A simple pretreatment method using anhydrous ammonia was developed to minimize water and ammonia inputs for cellulosic ethanol production, termed the low moisture anhydrous ammonia (LMAA) pretreatment. In this method, corn stover with 30-70% moisture was contacted with anhydrous ammonia in a reactor under nearly ambient conditions. After the ammoniation step, biomass was subjected to a simple pretreatment step at moderate temperatures (40-120 degrees C) for 48-144 h. Pretreated biomass was saccharified and fermented without an additional washing step. With 3% glucan loading of LMAA-treated corn stover under best treatment conditions (0.1 g-ammonia + 1.0 g-water per g biomass, 80 degrees C, and 84 h), simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation test resulted in 24.9 g/l (89% of theoretical ethanol yield based on glucan + xylan in corn stover). (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yoo, Chang Geun; Kim, Tae Hyun] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kim, Tae Hyun] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Nghiem, Nhuan P.; Hicks, Kevin B.] ARS, Sustainable Biofuels & CoProd Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Kim, TH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM thkim@iastate.edu OI Kim, Tae Hyun/0000-0002-2225-1199 FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) from the Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Eastern Regional Research Center (ERRC) [58-1935-9-976, 1935-41000-072-04S] FX This work was supported by United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Specific Cooperative Agreement #58-1935-9-976 (Project #1935-41000-072-04S) from the Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Eastern Regional Research Center (ERRC). We are grateful to Genencor International Inc. for providing cellulase and xylanase enzymes. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 102 IS 21 BP 10028 EP 10034 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.08.057 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 836PS UT WOS:000296124200029 PM 21903384 ER PT J AU Brillinger, DR Preisler, HK Wisdom, MJ AF Brillinger, D. R. Preisler, H. K. Wisdom, M. J. TI Modelling particles moving in a potential field with pairwise interactions and an application SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Elk; gradient system; particle process; potential function ID STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; BROWNIAN PARTICLES; EQUILIBRIUM; TELEMETRY; WILDLIFE; MOTION; SWARMS AB Motions of particles in fields characterized by real-valued potential functions, are considered. Three particular expressions for potential functions are studied. One, U, depends on the ith particle's location, r(i)(t) at times t(i). A second, V, depends on particle i's vector distances from others, r(i)(t) - r(j)(t). This function introduces pairwise interactions. A third, W, depends on the Euclidian distances, parallel to r(i) (t) - r(j) (t)parallel to between particles at the same times, t. The functions are motivated by classical mechanics. Taking the gradient of the potential function, and adding a Brownian term one, obtains the stochastic equation of motion dr(i) = -del U(r(i))dt - Sigma(j not equal i) del V(r(i) - r(j))dt + sigma dB(i) in the case that there are additive components U and V. The del denotes the gradient operator. Under conditions the process will be Markov and a diffusion. By estimating U and V at the same time one could address the question of whether both components have an effect and, if yes, how, and in the case of a single particle, one can ask is the motion purely random? An empirical example is presented based on data describing the motion of elk (Cervus elaphus) in a United States Forest Service reserve. C1 [Brillinger, D. R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wisdom, M. J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Brillinger, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM brill@stat.berkeley.edu; hpreisler@fs.fed.us; mwisdom@fs.fed.us FU Oregon Department of Parks and Recreation; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region and Research Station; National Science foundation [DMS-05-04162, DMS-07-071] FX Funding to MJW was provided by the Oregon Department of Parks and Recreation, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife and the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region and Research Station.; DRB wishes to thank Ryan Lovett and Phil Spector of the Berkeley Statistics Department for all the computing assistance and the National Science foundation for support via the grants DMS-05-04162 and DMS-07-071. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU BRAZILIAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION PI SAO PAULO PA RUA DO MATAO, 1010 SALA 250A CEP, SAO PAULO, SP 05508-090, BRAZIL SN 0103-0752 J9 BRAZ J PROBAB STAT JI Braz. J. Probab. Stat. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 25 IS 3 BP 421 EP 436 DI 10.1214/11-BJPS153 PG 16 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 836RZ UT WOS:000296130100010 ER PT J AU Edwards, J AF Edwards, Jode TI Changes in Plant Morphology in Response to Recurrent Selection in the Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic Maize Population SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS L.; TROPICAL MAIZE; GRAIN-YIELD; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; HALF-SIB; TRAITS; BSSS; BSCB1; TOLERANCE; PROGRAMS AB The maize (Zea mays L.) plant phenotype has changed a great deal through the era of hybrid maize production. Some of the observed changes such as upright leaf angle, silking-anthesis interval, and tassel branch number have well understood contributions to improved grain yield in modern hybrids. However, less is known formally about indirect selection responses for these traits in the context of recurrent selection programs. The objective of this study was to determine if recurrent selection for agronomic performance in Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) population has changed important plant traits. Thirty synthetic populations representing a total of 29 cycles of recurrent selection in three programs in BSSS were evaluated in four Iowa locations in 2008 and 2009. The most consistent changes observed across selection programs were for traits that increase light penetration into the canopy, including flag leaf angle, flag leaf size, and tassel branch number. Light-interception traits had more consistent responses in the populations per se evaluated here than agronomic traits selected for on a testcross basis in the recurrent selection programs. Reductions in plant stature and anthesis-silking interval were also observed, but changes were not as consistent as light-interception traits. Selection responses for morphological traits in populations per se suggested these traits may have much simpler inheritance than typically assumed for grain yield. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Dep Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Edwards, J (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Dep Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jode.edwards@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 51 IS 6 BP 2352 EP 2361 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.09.0564 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 832WB UT WOS:000295839200005 ER PT J AU Zeng, LH Meredith, WR AF Zeng, Linghe Meredith, William R., Jr. TI Relationship between SSR-based Genetic Distance and Cotton F-2 Hybrid Performance for Lint Yield and Fiber Properties SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR MARKER HETEROZYGOSITY; HOST-PLANT GERMPLASM; COMBINING ABILITY; F2 HYBRIDS; HETEROSIS; REGISTRATION; POPULATION; CULTIVARS; QUALITY; CROSSES AB Analysis of relationships between genetic distance and hybrid performance may promote utilization of exotic germplasm in hybrid production. This study was designed to determine the relationship between SSR-based genetic distance (GD) and F-2 hybrid performance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Forty-eight F-2 hybrids derived from crosses between four elite germplasm (EL) lines and 12 exotic germplasm lines, that is, six Species Polycross (SP) germplasm lines and six John Cotton (JC) germplasm lines, were evaluated in four environments during 2008 and 2009. One hundred and fourteen primer pairs amplified 284 polymorphic fragments among the 16 parental lines. Parents divided into three groups in a dendrogram of UPGMA clusters based on pair-wise GD among parents. The correlations between the GD and F-2 performance were significant for some fiber properties, but low with the highest r value in fineness (r = -0.43). The highest correlation between GD and mid-parent heterosis was -0.43 for short fiber content. Population differentiation (P < 0.001) was identified between the JC and EL germplasm, but not between the SP and EL germplasm. Moderate correlations with r values ranging from -0.42 to 0.62 were detected between GD and fiber properties in the JC-derived F-2 hybrids. The results suggest that prediction of F-2 performance by GD may be effective when crosses are made between parents from genetically differentiated groups in cotton germplasm. C1 [Zeng, Linghe; Meredith, William R., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet Res Unit, Delta Res Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Zeng, LH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Genet Res Unit, Delta Res Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM linghe.zeng@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [6402-21000-033-00D] FX The authors acknowledge MSA Genomics Laboratory and Sheron Simpson for running the genotyping samples and Ms. LaTonya Holmes for excellent technical support. This research was funded by United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, project no. 6402-21000-033-00D. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 51 IS 6 BP 2362 EP 2370 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.09.0536 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 832WB UT WOS:000295839200006 ER PT J AU Liu, W Seifers, DL Qi, LL Friebe, B Gill, BS AF Liu, W. Seifers, D. L. Qi, L. L. Friebe, B. Gill, B. S. TI A Compensating Wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium Robertsonian Translocation Conferring Resistance to Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus and Triticum Mosaic Virus SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CURL MITE RESISTANCE; RED WINTER-WHEAT; GERMPLASM RESISTANT; ACERIA-TULIPAE; COMMON WHEAT; SPECIFYING RESISTANCE; TELOMERIC REPEATS; GERM PLASM; REGISTRATION; VECTOR AB Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), is a potentially devastating disease of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Great Plains of North America. So far, two genes conferring resistance to WSMV have been named and used in cultivar improvement. Here we report a new source of resistance that was derived from a wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey ditelosomic addition line containing, in addition to the wheat chromosome complement, a pair of long arm telochromosomes from Th. intermedium previously believed to be of group-4 origin. New molecular marker and genomic in situ hybridization analysis revealed that this telochromosome is homeologous to the group-7 long arms and belongs to the S genome of Th. intermedium. Accordingly, this chromosome was designated as 7S#3L. One compensating Robertsonian translocation was obtained where the 7S#3L arm was translocated to the short arm of wheat chromosome 7B, resulting in the T7BS.7S#3L translocation chromosome. Homozygous T7BS.7S#3L lines were evaluated for their resistance to WSMV and Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV). The T7BS.7S#3L stock confers resistance to WSMV at 18 and 24 degrees C. The T7BS.7S#3L stock also confers resistance to TriMV at 18 C but is not effective above 24 degrees C. Based on chromosome position and effective resistance to WSMV at 24 degrees C where both Wsm1 and Wsm2 are ineffective, the new gene in T7BS.7S#3L is designated as Wsm3. C1 [Liu, W.; Friebe, B.; Gill, B. S.] Kansas State Univ, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr, Dep Plant Pathol, Wheat Genet & Genom Resources Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Seifers, D. L.] Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr Hays, Hays, KS 67601 USA. [Qi, L. L.] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Friebe, B (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr, Dep Plant Pathol, Wheat Genet & Genom Resources Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM friebe@ksu.edu FU Kansas Wheat Commission; Kansas Crop Improvement Association; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation FX We thank W. John Raupp for critical editorial review of the manuscript and Shuangye Wu and Duane Wilson for their technical assistance. This research was also supported by grants from the Kansas Wheat Commission, the Kansas Crop Improvement Association, and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. This paper is Contribution 11-265-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-5502. NR 57 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 51 IS 6 BP 2382 EP 2390 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.03.0118 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 832WB UT WOS:000295839200008 ER PT J AU Miklas, PN Fourie, D Trapp, J Larsen, RC Chavarro, C Blair, MW Gepts, P AF Miklas, Phillip N. Fourie, Deidre Trapp, Jennifer Larsen, Richard C. Chavarro, Carolina Blair, Matthew W. Gepts, Paul TI Genetic Characterization and Molecular Mapping Pse-2 Gene for Resistance to Halo Blight in Common Bean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SYRINGAE PV PHASEOLICOLA; VULGARIS; RACES; IDENTIFICATION; INHERITANCE; POPULATION; MARKERS; TRAITS; QTL; MAP AB Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Burk-holder) Young et al. (Psp) causes halo blight, which is a serious bacterial disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Several resistance (R) genes have been discovered in host differential cultivar ZAA 12. Our objectives were to further characterize and enable marker-assisted selection (MAS) of the Pse-2 gene in ZAA 12 purported to have broad effect against multiple Psp races. A recombinant inbred population, ZAA 12 x 'Canadian Wonder', was challenged by the halo blight pathogen differential set consisting of nine Psp races. The resistance conferred by Pse-2 to races 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9 expanded the effect known for this gene from three to seven races. Segregation in F(2) populations confirmed dominant inheritance for Pse-2 against all races except Race 8. Resistance to Race 8 was recessively inherited and most closely fit a 7 resistant to 9 susceptible segregation ratio in the F(2) generation. Perhaps other genes are segregating that modify the effect of Pse-2 against Race 8. A sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker tightly linked with Pse-2 was generated. The marker was used to integrate Pse-2 to chromosome 10. A survey of lines and cultivars revealed the SCAR will have broad utility for MAS of Pse-2. C1 [Miklas, Phillip N.; Trapp, Jennifer; Larsen, Richard C.] ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Fourie, Deidre] ARC Grain Crops Inst, Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Chavarro, Carolina; Blair, Matthew W.] CIAT, Cali 6713, Colombia. [Gepts, Paul] Univ Calif Davis, Dep Plant Sci MS1, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Miklas, PN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM phil.miklas@ars.usda.gov RI Gepts, Paul/B-4417-2009 OI Gepts, Paul/0000-0002-1056-4665 NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 51 IS 6 BP 2439 EP 2448 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.01.0046 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 832WB UT WOS:000295839200014 ER PT J AU Fang, TL Campbell, KG Liu, ZY Chen, XM Wan, AM Li, S Liu, ZJ Cao, SH Chen, YH Bowden, RL Carver, BF Yan, LL AF Fang, Tilin Campbell, Kimberly G. Liu, Zhiyong Chen, Xianming Wan, Anmin Li, Shan Liu, Ziji Cao, Shuanghe Chen, Yihua Bowden, Robert L. Carver, Brett F. Yan, Liuling TI Stripe Rust Resistance in the Wheat Cultivar Jagger is Due to Yr17 and a Novel Resistance Gene SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; BREAD WHEAT; DURABLE RESISTANCE; AESTIVUM L.; IDENTIFICATION; MAP; REGISTRATION; TEMPERATURE; PATHOGENS AB Yellow rust, also known as stripe rust, is caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks (PST) and is one of the most common and persistent wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) diseases worldwide. A mapping population of recombinant inbred lines from the cross of 'Jagger' (moderately resistant) x '2174' (moderately susceptible) was tested at three sites in Washington where predominant races PST-114 and PST-116 naturally occurred, at Rossville, KS, where PST-100 was inoculated, and in Beijing, China, where a predominant Chinese stripe rust race CYR32 was inoculated on adult plants. A major quantitative trait locus for adult-plant stripe rust resistance was located on the short arm of chromosome 2A (QYr.osu-2A), where Jagger was found to carry markers for resistance gene Yr17 from Aegilops ventricosa Tausch (syn. Triticum ventricosum). Therefore, Yr17 is likely the resistance gene on chromosome 2A in Jagger. Markers for Yr17 were found to occur frequently in cultivars from the southern Great Plains but only occasionally in cultivars from other U.S. wheat regions. A novel resistance gene was mapped on the long arm of chromosome 5A (QYr.osu-5A), for which the Jagger allele showed consistent resistance to multiple races of the stripe rust pathogen. A significant genetic effect of the resistance gene Lr34/Yr18 from 2174 was detected only when the population was tested with CYR32 in China. C1 [Fang, Tilin; Cao, Shuanghe; Chen, Yihua; Carver, Brett F.; Yan, Liuling] Oklahoma State Univ, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Campbell, Kimberly G.] ARS, USDA, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Campbell, Kimberly G.] Washington State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Liu, Zhiyong; Li, Shan; Liu, Ziji] China Agr Univ, Dep Plant Genet & Breeding, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Chen, Xianming; Wan, Anmin] Washington State Univ, Dep Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Bowden, Robert L.] ARS, USDA, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Yan, LL (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM liuling.yan@okstate.edu FU National Research Initiative of the USDA-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2006-55606-16629]; Oklahoma Center of Advanced Science and Technology (OCAST); Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station; Oklahoma Wheat Research Foundation; Oklahoma Wheat Commission FX We appreciate Dr. J. Dubcovsky for providing the UC breeding lines carrying the VPM1 segment. We thank Dr. M. Pumphrey and Dr. L. Maddux for help with the plots at Rossville in 2010. This study was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CAP grant 2006-55606-16629) and by the Oklahoma Center of Advanced Science and Technology (OCAST). This research project was partially funded by the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station and the Oklahoma Wheat Research Foundation and Oklahoma Wheat Commission. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 51 IS 6 BP 2455 EP 2465 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.03.0161 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 832WB UT WOS:000295839200016 ER PT J AU Feng, L Burton, JW Carter, TE Miranda, LM St Martin, SK Brownie, C AF Feng, L. Burton, J. W. Carter, T. E., Jr. Miranda, L. M. St Martin, S. K. Brownie, C. TI Genetic Analysis of Populations Derived from Matings of Southern and Northern Soybean Cultivars SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PLANT INTRODUCTIONS; AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE; YIELD; PARENTAGE; REGISTRATION; COEFFICIENT; SIMILARITY; DIVERSITY; VARIANCE; ALLELES AB Genetic diversity is one of the important considerations in selecting parents for applied cultivar development in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Recent studies have shown that southern and northern U.S. soybean cultivars belong to two very distinct gene pools based on pedigree and molecular marker analysis. A study was conducted to evaluate the potential of matings between southern and northern cultivars for applied soybean breeding. Nine populations were derived from matings of two southern soybean cultivars, Johnston and Stonewall, with three ancestral, A.K. (Harrow), Lincoln, and Mandarin, and three improved, Flyer, Sibley, and Zane, northern cultivars. Field trials showed statistically significant differences among and within crosses for mean yield, maturity, height, seed quality, seed weight, protein, oil, and fatty acid composition. There were significant differences in means and genetic variances among populations derived from male (northern) cultivars for mean yield and all other traits recorded. Results suggested that improved northern cultivars would be useful parents for practical breeding programs in the south. Populations derived from Flyer produced the highest mean yields. A significant correlation (r = -0.82) between coefficient of parentage (CP) value and genetic variance estimate for cross yield may indicate that CP is a useful measurement in predicting genetic variation among matings of inbred soybean cultivars. C1 [Burton, J. W.; Carter, T. E., Jr.; Miranda, L. M.] USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burton, J. W.; Carter, T. E., Jr.; Miranda, L. M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Feng, L.] Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. [St Martin, S. K.] Ohio State Univ, Dep Hort & Crop Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Brownie, C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Miranda, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM lilian.miranda@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 51 IS 6 BP 2479 EP 2488 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.12.0718 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 832WB UT WOS:000295839200018 ER PT J AU Li, P Chen, J Wu, P Zhang, J Chu, C See, D Brown-Guedira, G Zemetra, R Souza, E AF Li, P. Chen, J. Wu, P. Zhang, J. Chu, C. See, D. Brown-Guedira, G. Zemetra, R. Souza, E. TI Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis for the Effect of Rht-B1 Dwarfing Gene on Coleoptile Length and Seedling Root Length and Number of Bread Wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; WINTER-WHEAT; SPRING WHEAT; MEDITERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT; ISOGENIC LINES; SEMI-DWARF; REGISTRATION; GROWTH; VIGOR; TALL AB It has been documented that the dwarfing genes, Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b, can reduce wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) coleoptile length (CL), but their effects on number of roots (RN) and root length (RL) have not been determined. Our objectives were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling CL, RN, and RL and to determine if any of the QTL correspond to wheat dwarfing genes. A population consisting of 159 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was derived from the cross of Rio Blanco (Rht-B1b, Rht-D1a), a semidwarf cultivar with short CL, and IDO444 (Rht-B1a, Rht-D1a), a tall germplasm with long CL. The CL, RN, longest root length (LRL), and total root length (TRL) were evaluated at two temperature regimes (18 and 22 degrees C). A major QTL mapped to the Rht-B1 locus on chromosome 4B explained 64% of the phenotypic variation for CL, 9% for LRL, 26% for TRL, and 14% for plant height. The CL of the semidwarf RILs was significantly less than that of the tall lines while the reverse results were observed for LRL and TRL. Our results indicated that the Rht-B1 gene had the pleiotropic effect of decreasing CL while increasing LRL and TRL. None of the six QTL for RN were mapped to the regions containing the Rht-B1 locus although semidwarf RILs had more roots than the tall lines. This study suggested that selection of the Rht-B1b allele tended to increase root biomass, perhaps ameliorating its negative effect of reduced CL. C1 [Chen, J.; Zhang, J.] Univ Idaho, Dep PSES, W Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Li, P.; Wu, P.] NW A&F Univ, Coll Water Resources & Architectural Engn, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Wu, P.] Natl Engn Res Ctr Water Saving Irrigat Yangling, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Chu, C.] Heartland Plant Innovat Inc, Manhattan, KS 66503 USA. [See, D.] Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Western Reg Genotyping Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Brown-Guedira, G.] N Carolina State Univ, ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Genotyping Lab, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Zemetra, R.] Univ Idaho, Dep PSES, W Aberdeen, ID 83844 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dep PSES, 1691 S 2700, W Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM jchen@uidaho.edu FU National Research Initiative [2006-55606-16629]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Triticeae-CAP [2011-68002-30029]; Idaho Wheat Commission; China Scholarship Council; '111' project in China [111-2-16] FX This project was supported by the National Research Initiative Competitive Grants 2006-55606-16629, the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Triticeae-CAP 2011-68002-30029, the Idaho Wheat Commission Grant, China Scholarship Council, and the '111' project (111-2-16) in China. The authors sincerely thank Mr. Shaojie He for technical assistance. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 29 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 51 IS 6 BP 2561 EP 2568 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.03.0116 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 832WB UT WOS:000295839200027 ER PT J AU Heffner, EL Jannink, JL Iwata, H Souza, E Sorrells, ME AF Heffner, Elliot L. Jannink, Jean-Luc Iwata, Hiroyoshi Souza, Edward Sorrells, Mark E. TI Genomic Selection Accuracy for Grain Quality Traits in Biparental Wheat Populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; RETENTION CAPACITY TEST; GENOMEWIDE SELECTION; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; RIDGE-REGRESSION; UNIT TIME; REGISTRATION; IMPROVEMENT; PREDICTION; PARAMETERS AB Genomic selection (GS) is a promising tool for plant and animal breeding that uses genome-wide molecular marker data to capture small and large effect quantitative trait loci and predict the genetic value of selection candidates. Genomic selection has been shown previously to have higher prediction accuracies than conventional marker-assisted selection (MAS) for quantitative traits. In this study, we compared phenotypic and marker-based prediction accuracy of genetic value for nine different grain quality traits within two biparental soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations. We used a cross-validation approach that trained and validated prediction accuracy across years to evaluate effects of model training population size, training population replication, and marker density. Results showed that prediction accuracy was significantly greater using GS versus MAS for all traits studied and that accuracy for GS reached a plateau at low marker densities (128-256). The average ratio of GS accuracy to phenotypic selection accuracy was 0.66, 0.54, and 0.42 for training population sizes of 96, 48, and 24, respectively. These results provide further empirical evidence that GS could produce greater genetic gain per unit time and cost than both phenotypic selection and conventional MAS in plant breeding with use of year-round nurseries and inexpensive, high-throughput genotyping technology. C1 [Heffner, Elliot L.; Jannink, Jean-Luc; Sorrells, Mark E.] Cornell Univ, Dep Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Jannink, Jean-Luc] Cornell Univ, ARS, USDA, RW Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Iwata, Hiroyoshi] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Dep Agr & Environm Biol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. [Souza, Edward] ARS, USDA, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Ohio Agr Res & Extens Ctr OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Sorrells, ME (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dep Plant Breeding & Genet, 240 Emerson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mes12@cornell.edu FU USDA, National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2005-38420-15785]; USDA-NIFA [2009-85606-05701, 2009-65300-05661]; USDA-NIFA National Research Initiative [2005-05130]; Hatch [149-402] FX The authors thank the entire staff from the USDA/ARS Soft Wheat Quality Laboratory in Wooster, Ohio, for their careful evaluation of milling and baking quality that provided accurate data used for this study. Support for the work of Elliot Heffner was provided by USDA National Needs Graduate Fellowship Competitive Grant No. 2005-38420-15785 from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Support for the work Jean-Luc Jannink was provided by USDA-NIFA grant No. 2009-85606-05701 and No. 2009-65300-05661. Additional funding for this research was provided by USDA-NIFA National Research Initiative CAP grant No. 2005-05130 and by Hatch 149-402. NR 49 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 6 U2 63 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 51 IS 6 BP 2597 EP 2606 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.05.0253 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 832WB UT WOS:000295839200031 ER PT J AU Maul, J Mirsky, S Emche, S Devine, T AF Maul, Jude Mirsky, Steven Emche, Sarah Devine, Thomas TI Evaluating a Germplasm Collection of the Cover Crop Hairy Vetch for Use in Sustainable Farming Systems SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-MARKERS; CORN PRODUCTION; WEED EMERGENCE; UNITED-STATES; POPULATIONS; REGISTRATION; DISTANCE; DIFFERENTIATION; RELATEDNESS; CULTIVARS AB Understanding the association between genotype and agronomically important phenotypes (early flowering, hard seed, and winter hardiness) will facilitate cultivar selection and inform breeding programs concerned with the cover crop hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth). We used molecular, observational, and biochemical techniques to identify and evaluate 64 accessions of hairy vetch that originated throughout the world and comprise the USDA National Plant Germplasm System. Time to flowering, percent C, and percent N were measured on plants of each accession grown in the field at Beltsville, MD. Amplified fragment length polymorphisms were assayed on each accession. We related parameters of genetic, phenotypic, and biochemical diversity to the geographical origins of the accessions. Country of origin explained little of the marker genetic diversity in this collection. Climate factors of geographical origins, however, explained larger amounts of the marker genetic diversity observed. These results provide baseline information to identify a core genetic subset of the V. villosa germplasm collection. Information presented here may facilitate future V. villosa breeding efforts and directly assist farmers in cover crop varietal selection. C1 [Maul, Jude; Mirsky, Steven; Emche, Sarah; Devine, Thomas] ARS, USDA, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Maul, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Jude.Maul@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 51 IS 6 BP 2615 EP 2625 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.09.0561 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 832WB UT WOS:000295839200033 ER PT J AU Zhang, YW Zalapa, J Jakubowski, AR Price, DL Acharya, A Wei, YL Brummer, EC Kaeppler, SM Casler, MD AF Zhang, Yunwei Zalapa, Juan Jakubowski, Andrew R. Price, David L. Acharya, Ananta Wei, Yanling Brummer, E. Charles Kaeppler, Shawn M. Casler, Michael D. TI Natural Hybrids and Gene Flow between Upland and Lowland Switchgrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPLAST DNA POLYMORPHISMS; PANICUM-VIRGATUM; ECOTYPIC VARIATION; NONCODING REGIONS; PLANT MIGRATION; CENTRAL FLORIDA; COASTAL-PLAIN; NORTH-AMERICA; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a perennial grass native to the North American tallgrass prairie and savanna habitats and is broadly adapted to the central and eastern United States. Upland and lowland ecotypes represent the two major taxa within switchgrass, which have distinct but overlapping distributions. The purpose of this study was to survey a broad array of putative upland and lowland accessions for the possible presence of natural hybrids or hybrid derivatives and evidence of historic gene flow between the two ecotypes. All plants were classified as upland, lowland, or intermediate based on visual assessment of phenotype, using large nurseries of known upland or lowland plants as controls. A total of 480 plants were surveyed for 19 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and sequenced using five chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) segments. Genetic structure analysis revealed 21 individuals with strong evidence for intertaxa hybrid origin and another 25 individuals with moderate evidence for intertaxa hybrid origin. All but two of these individuals originated from remnant populations of the central or eastern Gulf Coast or along the Atlantic Seaboard, a region that is populated with significant quantities of both upland and lowland ecotypes. We propose the central and eastern Gulf Coast glacial refuge as the primary center of origin and diversity for switchgrass, with the western Gulf Coast as the secondary center of origin and diversity. Much of this diversity appears to have been preserved along one of the major northward postglacial migration routes, the Atlantic Seaboard. C1 [Casler, Michael D.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zhang, Yunwei] China Agr Univ, Grassland Inst, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Zalapa, Juan] Univ Wisconsin, ARS, USDA, Vegetable Crops Res Unit,Dep Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kaeppler, Shawn M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dep Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Acharya, Ananta; Wei, Yanling] Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Crop & Soil Sci Dep, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Brummer, E. Charles] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. RP Casler, MD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM michael.casler@ars.usda.gov OI Kaeppler, Shawn/0000-0002-5964-1668 FU DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC, DOE Office of Science BER) [DE-FC02-07ER64494]; USDA-ARS CRIS [3655-41000-003-00D, 3655-41000-004-00D]; University of Wisconsin Agricultural Research Stations; University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; Ministry of Science and Technology, PR China [2008BADB3B04, 2009BADA7B04, 2011AA100209]; DOE BioEnergy Science Center (BESC, DOE Office of Science BER) [1.3.3.3, DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science FX We thank Nick Baker, USDA-ARS, Madison, WI, and Jonathan Markham and Wesley Dean, University of Georgia, for assistance with field-plot establishment and maintenance. This work was funded in part by the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC, DOE Office of Science BER DE-FC02-07ER64494). Additional funding for this project was provided by the following organizations and grants: USDA-ARS CRIS Project Nos. 3655-41000-003-00D and 3655-41000-004-00D; the University of Wisconsin Agricultural Research Stations; the University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; the Ministry of Science and Technology, PR China, Project Nos. 2008BADB3B04, 2009BADA7B04, and 2011AA100209; and Project 1.3.3.3 of the DOE BioEnergy Science Center (BESC, DOE Office of Science BER DE-AC05-00OR22725). Both GLBRC and BESC are U.S. Department of Energy Bioenergy Research Centers supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science. This project represents a formal collaboration between GLBRC, BESC, and the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology. Mention of a trademark, product name, or brand does not imply endorsement of a product over any other product by the USDA-ARS, the University of Georgia, the University of Wisconsin, or the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 70 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 29 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 51 IS 6 BP 2626 EP 2641 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.02.0104 PG 16 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 832WB UT WOS:000295839200034 ER PT J AU Place, GT Reberg-Horton, SC Dickey, DA Carter, TE AF Place, George T. Reberg-Horton, S. Chris Dickey, David A. Carter, Thomas E., Jr. TI Identifying Soybean Traits of Interest for Weed Competition SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GLYCINE-MAX GENOTYPES; SEED SIZE; REGISTRATION; CROP; GROWTH; FIELD; SYSTEMS; YIELD; LEAF; INTERFERENCE AB Organic soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merr.] producers rely on a variety of tactics for weed management. The use of soybean cultivars with enhanced ability to compete with weeds may increase weed control. Our objective was to identify genetic traits that may enhance soybean's competitive ability to suppress weeds. Experimental design was a split-split plot with sets of contrasting soybean genotypes assigned to the main plots, individual genotypes assigned to subplots, and weedy and weed-free sub-subplots stripped across blocks for side by side comparison of treatments in weedy and weed-free conditions. Differences in weed biomass were detected among genotypes in both years at 7 wk after emergence. Narrow-leafl et small-seeded natto types were generally poor competitors with weeds. Cultivars released as forage types did not have a consistent advantage over the control. Larger-seeded tofu genotypes were also variable in weed suppressive ability. However, N04-8906, the genotype with the greatest 100-seed weight in this study (24 g), stood out as being among the best for weed suppression, soybean biomass accumulation, ground cover at 3 wk, and early season plant height. Optimum models from multiple regression showed seed size to be the most significant trait measured in overall genotype competitive ability in both years. However, seed size effects on ground cover largely dissipated by 5 wk after emergence. C1 [Place, George T.; Reberg-Horton, S. Chris] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Dickey, David A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Carter, Thomas E., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Reberg-Horton, SC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM chris_reberg-horton@ncsu.edu FU Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) FX Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) funded this research. NR 65 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 14 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 51 IS 6 BP 2642 EP 2654 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.11.0654 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 832WB UT WOS:000295839200035 ER PT J AU Li, SX Smith, JR Nelson, RL AF Li, Shuxian Smith, James R. Nelson, Randall L. TI Resistance to Phomopsis Seed Decay Identified in Maturity Group V Soybean Plant Introductions SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM-SOLANI; SOUTHERN CHINA; GLYCINE-MAX; GERM PLASM; INFECTION; QUALITY; LONGICOLLA; TEMPERATURE; ACCESSIONS; CULTIVARS AB Phomopsis seed decay (PSD) of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., caused primarily by Phomopsis longicolla Hobbs, is the major cause of poor seed quality in most soybean-growing countries. To identify soybean lines with resistance to PSD, seeds of 208 representative maturity group V soybean plant introductions obtained from the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection in 2006 were plated on cultural medium and assayed for the percentage of Phomopsis seed infection. From these data, 122 PIs without seed infection were selected and field screened under natural infection in Stoneville, MS, in 2007. On the basis of assays of naturally infected seeds from 2006 and 2007, 14 PIs were selected for further evaluation with P. longicolla-inoculated and noninoculated treatments in 2008 and 2009. Plant introduction 424324B was identified as the most PSD-resistant line. It had no Phomopsis infection in the seed plating assays from 2006, 2007, and 2008. In 2009, frequent rainfall during seed maturation led to high levels of seed infection by P. longicolla (up to 80%) and other fungal pathogens on most of the soybean lines tested in Stoneville, MS. However, only 1 and 2% of the seeds from PI 424324B were infected by P. longicolla in the noninoculated and inoculated treatments, respectively. Plant introduction 458130 was also resistant to PSD, with no seed infection from the naturally infected trials in 2006 and 2007 and less than 3% Phomopsis seed infection in the 2008 and 2009 inoculated trails. These resistant accessions can be used to develop cultivars resistant to PSD. C1 [Li, Shuxian; Smith, James R.] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Nelson, Randall L.] Univ Illinois, ARS, USDA, Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Li, SX (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM shuxian.li@ars.usda.gov FU United Soybean Board; USDA-ARS [6402-21220-010-00] FX The authors thank the State Seed Testing Laboratory at Mississippi State, MS. for seed germination tests; Ms. A. Clark and P. Parker and Mr. J. Beckwith, W. Davis, and M. Porter for assistance in maintaining plants for experiments and seed assays; and Mr. P. Handly for planting. Special thanks to Ms. D. Boykin for valuable assistance in data analysis. This research was partially supported by the United Soybean Board and the USDA-ARS project 6402-21220-010-00. Trade and manufacturers names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of products to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 51 IS 6 BP 2681 EP 2688 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.03.0162 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 832WB UT WOS:000295839200038 ER PT J AU Schroder, MN Floyd, BE Scott, MP AF Schroder, Megan N. Floyd, Brice E. Scott, M. Paul TI Maize Transgenes Containing Zein Promoters are Regulated by opaque2 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; ENDOSPERM; PROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTION; ENCODES; COTTON; RICE; SEED; DNA AB Understanding epistatic interactions between transgenes and native genes is critical for predicting the response of transgenes to different genetic backgrounds and environments. Our objective was to determine if predicted epistatic interactions occur between maize (Zea mays L.) transgenes carrying zein promoters and opaque2, a transcriptional regulator of zein genes. Expression of the transgenes was significantly decreased in kernels containing the opaque2 mutation. Native zein proteins in these kernels were reduced as well. Thus, transgene expression mirrored expression of the native gene that contributed the promoter of the transgene. This work demonstrates that information about native gene expression may be useful for predicting transgene expression, reducing the risk of unintended consequences of transgene expression. C1 [Scott, M. Paul] ARS, USDA, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Floyd, Brice E.] Iowa State Univ, Interdept Plant Biol Program, Agron Dep, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Scott, MP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM paul.scott@ars.usda.gov RI Scott, M./E-3291-2010 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 51 IS 6 BP 2716 EP 2720 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.03.0168 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 832WB UT WOS:000295839200042 ER PT J AU Farnham, MW Keinath, AP Grusak, MA AF Farnham, Mark W. Keinath, Anthony P. Grusak, Michael A. TI Mineral Concentration of Broccoli Florets in Relation to Year of Cultivar Release SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CROPS AB It has been proposed that crop improvement through directed plant breeding has resulted in decreases in nutrient concentrations of harvested components over time. A few field studies wherein cultivars released over a period of years are evaluated for nutrient content provide the best evidence for nutrient changes over time; however, no such studies have been conducted with vegetable crops. To accomplish this with broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.), we grew 14 cultivars released over 50 yr in two field trials, and harvested florets were assayed for mineral concentration by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. Results indicated significant cultivar differences in floret concentrations of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Na, P, and Zn, but not of K, Mn, Mo, or S. With most minerals, there was no clear relationship between concentration and release year. Although the oldest cultivar exhibited some of the higher mineral concentrations, from 1975 to the present no significant changes appear to have occurred. Head mass was negatively correlated with concentrations of most minerals, but head mass was not correlated with year of release. We propose it most relevant to examine mineral nutrient changes for cultivars grown since 1975 when broccoli phenotypes changed dramatically and the vegetable grew in prominence as a component in the U. S. diet. Results provide a guide for mineral levels in broccoli that should be maintained as other characteristics are manipulated in the future. C1 [Farnham, Mark W.] ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Keinath, Anthony P.] Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Grusak, Michael A.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dep Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Farnham, MW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM Mark.Farnham@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 19 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 51 IS 6 BP 2721 EP 2727 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.09.0556 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 832WB UT WOS:000295839200043 ER PT J AU Burns, JC Fisher, DS AF Burns, J. C. Fisher, D. S. TI Stocking Strategies as Related to Animal and Pasture Productivity of Endophyte-Free Tall Fescue SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NO-TILL ESTABLISHMENT; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; LADINO CLOVER; NITROGEN APPLICATIONS; CHEWING BEHAVIOR; FORAGE; YIELD; GRASS; FERTILIZATION; SUPPRESSION AB Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is a well adapted perennial grass used for pasture across the north-south transition zone in the United States. This 3-yr trial evaluated three stocking strategies to utilize well-fertilized spring (April to July) growth of endophyte-free tall fescue for steer and pasture production. Continuous stocked (CS) was compared with a daily allowance (DA) or lax rotation (LR) (7 to 12 d). Forage mass (in kilograms per hectare) averaged 2673 for CS, 3057 at turn on and 2844 residual for DA, and 2851 at turn on and 2559 residual for the LR. Canopies were similar being mainly leaf (54.9%), followed by dead (32.6%), stem (11.9%), and head (0.5%) fractions. Steer daily gains (0.95 kg), stocking rate (6.7 steers ha(-1)), gain per hectare (585 kg), and effective feed units (3111 kg ha(-1)) were similar among stocking strategies. Canopy in vitro true organic matter disappearance (IVTOD) was similar (747 g kg(-1)) among treatments but differed in crude protein (CP), averaging 186 g kg(-1) for CS vs. 198 g kg(-1) for rotations. Furthermore, DA was less in CP than LR (189 vs. 207 g kg(-1)) but greater in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (623 vs. 594 g kg-1). Diet selected was similar among treatments in IVTOD (885 g kg(-1)), CP (245 g kg(-1)), and NDF (457 g kg(-1)) as was daily grazing time of 11.5 h when monitored by Vibracorder or 12.3 h when monitored by computer. Well-fertilized tall fescue pastures free of toxic endophyte can accommodate a range of stocking strategies when efficiently utilized in animal production systems. C1 [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fisher, D. S.] ARS, USDA, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Burns, JC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM joe_burns@ncsu.edu NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 51 IS 6 BP 2868 EP 2877 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.01.0022 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 832WB UT WOS:000295839200058 ER PT J AU Rouquette, FM Anderson, WF Harris-Shultz, KR Smith, GR AF Rouquette, Francis M., Jr. Anderson, William F. Harris-Shultz, Karen R. Smith, Gerald R. TI Stand Maintenance and Genetic Diversity of Bermudagrass Pastures under Different Grazing Management Strategies during a 38-Year Period SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS; ANIMAL PERFORMANCE; FORAGE; PERSISTENCE AB Stocking rate can affect production and persistence of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pastures. 'Coastal' and common bermudagrass pastures were grazed at different stocking rates to maintain specific low, medium, and high herbage mass (HM) during a 38-yr period. From 1969 to 1984, pastures received identical fertilization, and from 1985 to 2005, regimens of N plus annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) vs. no N plus clover (Trifolium spp.) were superimposed on each bermudagrass x HM. Stand of both Coastal and common bermudagrass was negatively affected by decreasing HM and no N fertilizer. Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) was the primary non-bermudagrass invasive species on no-N pastures. Invasive bermudagrass ecotypes were more abundant at 73 to 86% on low HM Coastal with clover or ryegrass, respectively. On common bermudagrass, ecotypes were present at about 25 and 40%, respectively, on clover and ryegrass but not affected by HM. During October 2005, 125 whole plant-root core ecotypes were collected and fingerprinted using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, analyzed via coefficient of genetic similarity matrix, and clustered in genetically related groups. Four groups were identified in Coastal and five in common bermudagrass. The Coastal and Coastal-similar ecotypes were different from common bermudagrass and common bermudagrass-similar ecotypes in plant height, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf coarseness. Plant inflorescence characteristics of ecotype ranked similar to those of growth traits. The bermudagrass were most sustainable under moderate to high HM and with N fertilization. C1 [Rouquette, Francis M., Jr.; Smith, Gerald R.] Texas AgriLife Res, Overton, TX 75684 USA. [Anderson, William F.; Harris-Shultz, Karen R.] ARS, USDA, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Rouquette, FM (reprint author), Texas AgriLife Res, Overton, TX 75684 USA. EM m-rouquette@tamu.edu NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 51 IS 6 BP 2886 EP 2894 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.03.0123 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 832WB UT WOS:000295839200060 ER PT J AU Burns, JC Fisher, DS Pond, KR AF Burns, J. C. Fisher, D. S. Pond, K. R. TI Flaccidgrass Forage Mass and Canopy Characteristics Related to Steer Digesta Kinetics and Intake SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PENNISETUM-FLACCIDUM; GRAZING BEHAVIOR; DRY-MATTER; PERFORMANCE; SWITCHGRASS; ATTRIBUTES; RUMINANTS; PASSAGE; MODELS AB 'Carostan' flaccidgrass (Pennisetum flaccidum Griseb.) has potential as a perennial, warm-season grass for pastures. This 2-yr study examined digesta kinetics, dry matter intake (DMI), and diet of steers as related to canopy characteristics. Steers (Bos taurus L.) were continuously and variably stocked at canopy heights of Short (15 to 20 cm), Medium (30 to 40 cm), and Tall (45 to 55 cm) with forage mass (FM) of 1245, 2600, and 3585 kg ha(-1), respectively (linear; p < 0.01). Neither mean retention time nor passage rate of either liquid or digesta phases were altered by FM. Fecal output increased linearly (p = 0.04) from Short to Tall (0.643 to 0.739 kg 100 (-1) kg body weight [BW]) indicating a possible variation in DMI. However, DMI and digestible DMI (based on leaf in vitro dry matter disappearance [IVDMD]) were similar among FM (mean = 1.99 and 1.29 kg 100(-1) kg BW). Leaf composed 24.3% of the three canopies and was not altered by FM. Stem increased linearly (p = 0.01) from 40.1 to 53.1% with height whereas dead tissue declined linearly (p = 0.06) from 34.8 to 23.4%. Steers selected diets (1 yr data), regardless of FM, similar in IVDMD (mean = 713 g kg(-1)) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (mean = 486 g kg(-1)). In general, steer digesta kinetics were not influenced by FM as animals adjusted grazing behavior to result in similar responses. Flaccidgrass canopies were flexible and no particular optimum FM was detecting for an optimum diet. The influence of FM on pasture productivity (regrowth after defoliation) requires additional study. C1 [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fisher, D. S.] ARS, USDA, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Pond, K. R.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Burns, JC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Joe_Burns@ncsu.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 51 IS 6 BP 2895 EP 2903 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.05.0284 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 832WB UT WOS:000295839200061 ER PT J AU Skinner, RH AF Skinner, R. Howard TI Quantifying Rhizosphere Respiration for Two Cool-Season Perennial Forages SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOIL RESPIRATION; WHITE CLOVER; ELEVATED CO2; ROOT; COMPONENTS; FOREST; PLANT; ECOSYSTEMS; GRASSLAND AB Understanding the regulation of ecosystem CO(2) flux from forage production systems requires knowledge of component fluxes, including photosynthetic uptake and respiratory loss. Experimental separation of soil respiration into heterotrophic and rhizosphere respiration has been difficult, complicating efforts to quantify management and environmental effects on grazing land C sequestration. This study takes advantage of differences in the natural abundance of (13)C between C(3) and C(4) plant species to separate microbial respiration of C(4)-derived soil organic matter from root respiration by C(3) forage species. Respiratory flux and C isotope data were collected in May, July, and September 2008 and 2009 from plots containing either orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) or white clover (Trifolium repens L.). The site had been a big bluestem (Andropogon gerardi Vitman) field for about 30 yr before grass and clover establishment. Thus, the soil organic C had a strong C(4) signature. At each sampling period, respiration measurements were made at the midpoint of the regrowth cycle, 2 wk following mowing. Rhizosphere respiration accounted for about 50% of soil respiration in July and September but only 40% in May. Rhizosphere respiration under orchardgrass averaged 50% of total soil respiration compared with 43% under white clover. Accurate quantification of the components of ecosystem respiration will aid in the development of realistic models to simulate ecosystem C flux. C1 ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Skinner, RH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM howard.skinner@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 51 IS 6 BP 2904 EP 2910 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.03.0155 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 832WB UT WOS:000295839200062 ER PT J AU Carroll, JA Burdick, NC Reuter, RR Chase, CC Spiers, DE Arthington, JD Coleman, SW AF Carroll, J. A. Burdick, N. C. Reuter, R. R. Chase, C. C., Jr. Spiers, D. E. Arthington, J. D. Coleman, S. W. TI Differential acute phase immune responses by Angus and Romosinuano steers following an endotoxin challenge SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Angus; Cortisol; Cytokines; LPS; Romosinuano; Temperature ID AMYLOID-A SAA; BOS-TAURUS; HAPTOGLOBIN HP; BEEF-CALVES; FEED-INTAKE; CATTLE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; INFECTION; METABOLISM; BRAHMAN AB Our primary objective of this experiment was to evaluate potential genetic differences between two diverse Bos taurus breeds [Angus (AG) and Romosinuano (RO)] in response to an endotoxin challenge. Eighteen steers (n = 9 steers/breed; 299.4 +/- 5.2 kg BW) were acclimated to environmentally controlled chambers maintained at thermoneutrality (19.7 degrees C) and then fitted with indwelling jugular catheters and rectal temperature (RT) recording devices 1 d before the endotoxin challenge. The next day, blood samples were collected at 30-min intervals from -2 to 8 h, and RT was measured continuously at 1-min intervals throughout the study. At time 0, all steers received an intravenous bolus injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 2.5 mu g/kg BW). Serum samples were stored at -80 degrees C until analyzed for cortisol, proinflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6, and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)], and acute phase proteins (serum amyloid A, acid soluble protein, ceruloplasmin, and alpha-acid glycoprotein). Rectal temperatures increased in both breeds within 1 h after LPS, with RO producing a greater increase in RT than AG steers (P < 0.001). Serum cortisol and TNF-alpha increased (P < 0.01) in both breeds within 1 h after the LPS challenge. For cortisol, an overall breed effect (P < 0.02) was detected, such that AG steers had a higher cortisol response than RO steers. A breed x time interaction (P < 0.01) was observed for TNF-alpha, such that the response was delayed and extended in the RO steers compared with the AG steers. At 2 and 2.5 h after LPS, TNF-alpha concentrations were greater (P < 0.03) in RO steers than in AG steers. For IL-1 beta, a breed x time interaction (P < 0.04) was also observed. At 3 h after LPS, IL-1 beta concentrations were greater (P < 0.01) in RO steers than in AG steers. Serum IL-6 and IFN-gamma increased (P < 0.01) in a similar manner in both groups after the LPS challenge. These data show differences in the innate immune response between two diverse Bos taurus breeds which may provide insight about differences observed in productivity, heat tolerance, disease resistance, and longevity among cattle breeds. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Carroll, J. A.; Burdick, N. C.; Reuter, R. R.] ARS, USDA, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Chase, C. C., Jr.; Coleman, S. W.] ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, USDA, Brooksville, FL USA. [Spiers, D. E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Arthington, J. D.] Univ Florida, IFAS, Range Cattle Res & Educ Ctr, Ona, FL USA. RP Carroll, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM jeff.carroll@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 41 IS 4 BP 163 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2011.06.002 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 833TQ UT WOS:000295908200001 PM 21865005 ER PT J AU Simko, I Hayes, RJ Truco, MJ Michelmore, RW AF Simko, Ivan Hayes, Ryan J. Truco, Maria Jose Michelmore, Richard W. TI Mapping a dominant negative mutation for triforine sensitivity in lettuce and its use as a selectable marker for detecting hybrids SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Dominant mutation; Lettuce; Selectable marker; Sterol biosynthesis inhibitor; Triforine ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; FUNGICIDES AB Some lettuce cultivars are highly sensitive to triforine, an inhibitor of sterol biosynthesis found in some commercial systemic fungicides. First symptoms of a sensitive reaction are usually observed within 24-48 h after treatment and include severe wilting, necrosis and rapid plant death. We mapped a single dominant gene (Tr) that confers sensitivity of lettuce to triforine to linkage group 1 of the integrated genetic map of lettuce. The occurrence of sensitivity is not uniform across horticultural types of lettuce. While over 80% of green-romaine lettuce cultivars tested were sensitive, most cultivars of all other lettuce types were insensitive to triforine. All accessions of wild Lactuca spp. were insensitive to triforine. Allelism tests using F(1) and F(2) progeny revealed that sensitive cultivars of all horticultural types likely carry the same Tr gene. The dominant allele for sensitivity found in cultivated lettuce probably had a monophyletic origin. The reaction to triforine can be used as a marker for detecting hybrids originating from a cross between phenotypically similar parents with different responses to triforine treatment. It also provides an indication of genotypes for which applications of triforine-containing fungicides are inappropriate. C1 [Simko, Ivan; Hayes, Ryan J.] USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Res Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Truco, Maria Jose; Michelmore, Richard W.] Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Truco, Maria Jose; Michelmore, Richard W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Simko, I (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Res Unit, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM ivan.simko@ars.usda.gov RI Simko, Ivan/J-6048-2012 OI Simko, Ivan/0000-0002-8769-8477 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD NOV PY 2011 VL 182 IS 2 BP 157 EP 166 DI 10.1007/s10681-011-0407-0 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 836CL UT WOS:000296085800002 ER PT J AU Miao, H Zhang, SP Wang, XW Zhang, ZH Li, M Mu, SQ Cheng, ZC Zhang, RW Huang, SW Xie, BY Fang, ZY Zhang, ZX Weng, YQ Gu, XF AF Miao, Han Zhang, Shengping Wang, Xiaowu Zhang, Zhonghua Li, Man Mu, Shengqi Cheng, Zhouchao Zhang, Ruowei Huang, Sanwen Xie, Bingyan Fang, Zhiyuan Zhang, Zhenxian Weng, Yiqun Gu, Xingfang TI A linkage map of cultivated cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) with 248 microsatellite marker loci and seven genes for horticulturally important traits SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Cucumber; Cucumis sativus; Molecular markers; Microsatellite; SSR; Fruit quality ID RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; QTL ANALYSIS; RESISTANCE; GENOME; FRUIT; INHERITANCE; ISOZYME; NARROW; RAPD AB A genetic map was developed with microsatellite (simple sequence repeat, SSR) markers and 148 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between two cultivated cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) inbred lines 9110Gt and 9930, which was also segregating for seven horticulturally important traits including bitterfree foliage (bi), gynoecious sex expression (F), uniform immature fruit color (u), glossy fruit skin (d), heavy netting of mature fruit (H), no fruit ribbing (fr), and virescent leaf (v-1). Linkage analysis placed 248 microsatellite loci into seven linkage groups spanning 711.9 cM with a mean marker interval of 2.8 cM. Based on shared markers with an early cucumber genetic map, the 7 linkage groups could be assigned to seven cucumber chromosomes. The four fruit epidermal feature-related genes, u, d, H and fr were found to be tightly linked loci in Chromosome 5, and the other three (F, bi and v-1) were placed in different locations of Chromosome 6. It was the first time to map the four genes H, fr, bi and v-1 with molecular markers. In addition, this is the first report of the inheritance of fruit ribbing in cucumber, which was controlled by a single, dominant gene designated as Fr. Mapping information from this study opens the way for marker-assisted selection and map-based cloning of these horticulturally important genes in cucumber. C1 [Miao, Han; Zhang, Shengping; Wang, Xiaowu; Zhang, Zhonghua; Li, Man; Mu, Shengqi; Cheng, Zhouchao; Zhang, Ruowei; Huang, Sanwen; Xie, Bingyan; Fang, Zhiyuan; Gu, Xingfang] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Vegetables & Flowers, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Zhenxian] China Agr Univ, Coll Agr & Biotechnol, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Weng, Yiqun] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Gu, XF (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Vegetables & Flowers, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM guxf@mail.caas.net.cn OI Huang, Sanwen/0000-0002-8547-5309 FU Earmark Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System; Ministry of Agriculture, China [2008-Z42]; Ministry of Science and Technology, China [2006AA100108, 2006AA10Z1A8, 2008BADB1B05, 2009CB119004]; Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement for Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Core Research Budget of the Non-profit Governmental Research Institution (ICS, CAAS), China [201011] FX This research was supported by the Earmark Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System; the 948 Program (Project # 2008-Z42) of the Ministry of Agriculture, China; the 863 and 973 Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology, China (Projects # 2006AA100108, 2006AA10Z1A8, 2008BADB1B05, and 2009CB119004,); the Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement for Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, China, and Core Research Budget of the Non-profit Governmental Research Institution (ICS, CAAS) (Project # 201011), China. NR 39 TC 33 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD NOV PY 2011 VL 182 IS 2 BP 167 EP 176 DI 10.1007/s10681-011-0410-5 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 836CL UT WOS:000296085800003 ER PT J AU Liang, ZC Sang, M Ma, AH Zhao, SJ Zhong, GY Li, SH AF Liang, Zhenchang Sang, Min Ma, Aihong Zhao, Shengjian Zhong, Gan-yuan Li, Shaohua TI Inheritance of sugar and acid contents in the ripe berries of a tetraploid x diploid grape cross population SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Sugar; Organic acid; Inheritance; Polyploidy ID ORGANIC-ACIDS; MUSCADINE GRAPES; CULTIVARS; GERMPLASM; APPLE; DESCRIPTORS; SWEETNESS; GROWTH; SKIN AB Inheritance patterns of sugar and organic acid contents of ripe berries in a tetraploid x diploid table grape cross population were investigated in two successive years. The population segregated for three different ploid levels: dipolids, triploids, and tetraploids. Sugar content in tetraploid progeny was significantly higher than that in the diploid progeny. Transgressive segregation for sugar content was observed in all the three ploid levels in the progeny population. The broad sense heritabilities (H(2)) of glucose, fructose and total sugar contents ranged from 0.68 to 0.79. The tetraploid progeny had the highest H(2), followed by the diploid and triploid progeny. The sugar contents appeared additive as the ploid level increased. All the sugar contents were highly and positively correlated with each other. Malic acid in the diploid progeny population was significantly higher than that in the polyploid progeny populations, and the tartaric acid in the triploid progeny was significantly higher than that in diploid and tetraploid progenies. H(2) of organic acids ranged from 0.71 to 0.91, with the tetraploids having the highest mean H(2). In contrast with the sugar content, the total acid content was decreased as the ploid level increased. Positive correlations were also observed among the contents of various acids, but the correlation coefficient was low between tartaric acid and malic acid and moderate between tartaric acid and the total acids. A large range of variation was observed for both sugars and acids in the triploid and tetraploid progenies than in the diploid progeny. C1 [Liang, Zhenchang; Li, Shaohua] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Bot Garden, Key Lab Plant Germplasm Enhancement & Special Agr, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Liang, Zhenchang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Beijing Key Lab Grape Sci & Wine Technol, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Sang, Min] Jinan Univ, Inst Hydrobiol, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Zhong, Gan-yuan] USDA ARS, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Li, SH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Bot Garden, Key Lab Plant Germplasm Enhancement & Special Agr, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. EM shhli@wbgcas.cn FU China 973 project [2011CB100605]; CAS/CAFEA Intl. [0921101001] FX This work was supported by China 973 project [2011CB100605] and CAS/CAFEA Intl. Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams (0921101001). NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD NOV PY 2011 VL 182 IS 2 BP 251 EP 259 DI 10.1007/s10681-011-0487-x PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 836CL UT WOS:000296085800011 ER PT J AU Cleveland, BM Weber, GM AF Cleveland, Beth M. Weber, Gregory M. TI Effects of sex steroids on indices of protein turnover in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) white muscle SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fish; Maturation; Atrogin-1; Protein turnover; GeXP ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; MYOFIBRILLAR PROTEINS; SPAWNING MIGRATION; ANABOLIC AGENTS; F-BOX; IGF-I AB Effects of 17 beta-estradiol (E2), testosterone, and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on protein turnover and proteolytic gene expression were determined in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) primary myocytes and white muscle tissue. E2 reduced rates of protein synthesis and increased rates of protein degradation in primary myocytes by 45% and 27%, respectively. DHT reduced rates of protein synthesis by 27%. Testosterone did not affect protein synthesis and neither testosterone nor DHT affected rates of protein degradation. Single injections of E2 increased expression of ubiquitin ligase genes fbxo32, fbxo25, and murf1, and the proteasome subunit psmd6 by 24 h after injection. Within the cathepsin-lysosome pathway, E2 increased expression of cathepsins ctsd and ctsl, as well as autophagy-related genes atg4b and lc3b. Additionally, E2 injection up-regulated the expression of casp3 and casp9 caspase genes. Incubation of primary myocytes with E2 also increased expression of ubiquitin ligase genes. Therefore, catabolic effects of E2 on protein turnover result in part from E2-induced increases in proteolytic gene expression directly in muscle. Injection of testosterone increased milli-calpain (capn2) and casp3 expression, and DHT increased ctsd expression in vivo, whereas both androgens up-regulated fbxo32 expression in primary myocytes. These results suggest that effects of androgens on protein turnover in muscle are not driven primarily by direct effects of these hormones in this tissue. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Cleveland, Beth M.; Weber, Gregory M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Cleveland, BM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM beth.cleveland@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service [1930-31000-010-000D] FX We gratefully acknowledge the technical expertise of Lisa Radler and Jill Birkett, who were critical for sample collection and analysis. We acknowledge technical contributions from Meghan Manor and animal caretaking contributions from Josh Kretzer, Jenea McGowan, Kyle Jenkins, and Kevin Melody. Funding for this study came from the Agricultural Research Service Project 1930-31000-010-000D. NR 70 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 EI 1095-6840 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 174 IS 2 BP 132 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.08.011 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 837QJ UT WOS:000296218000008 PM 21878334 ER PT J AU Hansen, AJ Phillips, LB Flather, CH Robison-Cox, J AF Hansen, Andrew J. Phillips, Linda Bowers Flather, Curtis H. Robison-Cox, Jim TI Carrying capacity for species richness as a context for conservation: a case study of North American breeding birds SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity; birds; conservation; human land use; MODIS; North America; primary production; carrying capacity; species energy theory; species richness ID WATER-ENERGY DYNAMICS; UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; DIVERSITY GRADIENT; HUMAN-POPULATION; SCALE PATTERNS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SANTA-ROSALIA; LAND-USE AB Aim To demonstrate that the concept of carrying capacity for species richness (SK) is highly relevant to the conservation of biodiversity, and to estimate the spatial pattern of SK for native landbirds as a basis for conservation planning. Location North America. Methods We evaluated the leading hypotheses on biophysical factors affecting species richness for Breeding Bird Survey routes from areas with little influence of human activities. We then derived a best model based on information theory, and used this model to extrapolate SK across North America based on the biophysical predictor variables. The predictor variables included the latest and probably most accurate satellite and simulation-model derived products. Results The best model of SK included mean annual and inter-annual variation in gross primary productivity and potential evapotranspiration. This model explained 70% of the variation in landbird species richness. Geographically, predicted SK was lowest at higher latitudes and in the arid west, intermediate in the Rocky Mountains and highest in the eastern USA and the Great Lakes region of the USA and Canada. Main conclusions Areas that are high in SK but low in human density are high priorities for protection, and areas high in SK and high in human density are high priorities for restoration. Human density was positively related to SK, indicating that humans select environments similar to those with high bird species richness. Federal lands were disproportionately located in areas of low predicted SK. C1 [Hansen, Andrew J.; Phillips, Linda Bowers] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Flather, Curtis H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Robison-Cox, Jim] Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Hansen, AJ (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, 310 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM hansen@montana.edu RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [EOS/03-0000-0668] FX We gratefully acknowledge support for this research from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (EOS/03-0000-0668). The authors would like to thank James Nichols and John Sauer who helped us understand the importance of estimating bird richness from the US Department of the Interior's Breeding Bird Survey data. Additionally, the Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group at the University of Montana provided great assistance in providing requested data even though generally unavailable, and advising on subtleties of data details. We also offer our sincere thanks to the thousands of volunteers who have collected Breeding Bird Survey data and made studies such as this one possible. NR 75 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1466-822X J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 20 IS 6 BP 817 EP 831 DI 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2011.00670.x PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 836UD UT WOS:000296137400003 ER PT J AU van Alphen, L Fodor, C Wenzel, C Ashmus, R Miller, W Stahl, M Stintzi, A Lowary, T Szymanski, C AF van Alphen, Lieke Fodor, Christopher Wenzel, Cory Ashmus, Roger Miller, William Stahl, Martin Stintzi, Alain Lowary, Todd Szymanski, Christine TI O-methyl Phosphoramidate Modifications on the Capsular Polysaccharide of Campylobacter jejuni are Involved in Serum Resistance, Infection, and Insecticidal Activity SO GLYCOBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Conference of the Society-for-Glycobiology CY NOV 09-12, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP Soc Glycobiol C1 [van Alphen, Lieke; Fodor, Christopher; Wenzel, Cory; Ashmus, Roger; Lowary, Todd; Szymanski, Christine] Alberta Innovates Ctr Carbohydrate Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [van Alphen, Lieke; Fodor, Christopher; Wenzel, Cory; Ashmus, Roger; Lowary, Todd; Szymanski, Christine] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Miller, William] USDA, Albany, CA USA. [Stahl, Martin; Stintzi, Alain] Ottawa Inst Syst Biol, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Stahl, Martin; Stintzi, Alain] Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0959-6658 J9 GLYCOBIOLOGY JI Glycobiology PD NOV PY 2011 VL 21 IS 11 MA 201 BP 1516 EP 1517 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 835OI UT WOS:000296045300200 ER PT J AU Fang, Q Wang, L Zhu, YK Stanley, DW Chen, XX Hu, C Ye, GY AF Fang, Qi Wang, Lei Zhu, Yangkeng Stanley, David W. Chen, Xuexin Hu, Cui Ye, Gongyin TI Pteromalus puparum venom impairs host cellular immune responses by decreasing expression of its scavenger receptor gene SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pteromalus puparum; Pieris rapae; Venom; Immunity; Phagocytosis; Encapsulation ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; LEPTOPILINA-BOULARDI; PLUTELLA-XYLOSTELLA; LEPIDOPTERAN HOST; INNATE IMMUNITY; HEMOCYTES; PROTEIN; HYMENOPTERA; RECOGNITION; ENCAPSULATION AB Insect host/parasitoid interactions are co-evolved systems in which host defenses are balanced by parasitoid mechanisms to disable or hide from host immune effectors. Although there is a rich literature on these systems, parasitoid immune-disabling mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here we report on a newly discovered immune-disabling mechanism in the Pieris rapae/Pteromalus puparum host/parasitoid system. Because venom injections and parasitization suppresses host phagocytosis, we turned attention to the P. rapae scavenger receptor (Pr-SR), posing the hypothesis that P. puparum venom suppresses expression of the host Pr-SR gene. To test our hypothesis, we cloned a full-length cDNA of the Pr-SR. Multiple sequences alignment showed the deduced amino acid sequence of Pr-SR is similar to scavenger receptors of other lepidopterans. Bacterial and bead injections induced Pr-SR mRNA and protein expression, which peaked at 4 h post-bead injection. Venom injection inhibited Pr-SR expression. Pr-SR was specifically expressed in granulocytes compared to plasmatocytes. We localized the Pr-SR protein in cytoplasm and cellular membrane, with no evidence of secretion into host plasma. Double-strand RNA designed to Pr-SR mRNA silenced expression of Pr-SR and significantly impaired host phagocytosis and encapsulation reactions. Venom injections similarly silenced Pr-SR expression during the first 8 h post-treatment, after which the silencing effects gradually abated. We infer from these findings that one mechanism of impairing P. rapae hemocytic immune reactions is by silencing expression of Pr-SR. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fang, Qi; Wang, Lei; Zhu, Yangkeng; Chen, Xuexin; Hu, Cui; Ye, Gongyin] Zhejiang Univ, Inst Insect Sci, State Key Lab Rice Biol, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Fang, Qi; Wang, Lei; Zhu, Yangkeng; Chen, Xuexin; Hu, Cui; Ye, Gongyin] Zhejiang Univ, Inst Insect Sci, Key Lab Mol Biol Crop Pathogens & Insects, Minist Agr, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Stanley, David W.] ARS, USDA, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Ye, GY (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Inst Insect Sci, State Key Lab Rice Biol, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM chu@zju.edu.cn RI quan, weili/B-7254-2011; Chen, Xue-xin/D-1592-2010 OI Chen, Xue-xin/0000-0002-9109-8853 FU China National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars [31025021]; China National Science Fund for Innovative Research Groups of Biological Control [31021003]; National Nature Science Foundation of China [30971959]; Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [Z3090191] FX We thank Dr. Bing Tang at for supplying the micro-syringe (Hangzhou Normal University, China). This work was supported by grants from China National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant no. 31025021), China National Science Fund for Innovative Research Groups of Biological Control (Grant no. 31021003), the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 30971959), and the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. Z3090191). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. All programs and services of the U.S. Department of Agriculture are offered on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, marital status, or handicap. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 41 IS 11 BP 852 EP 862 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2011.07.001 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 837EP UT WOS:000296174200002 PM 21802512 ER PT J AU LaFrentz, BR LaPatra, SE Call, DR Wiens, GD Cain, KD AF LaFrentz, B. R. LaPatra, S. E. Call, D. R. Wiens, G. D. Cain, K. D. TI Identification of immunogenic proteins within distinct molecular mass fractions of Flavobacterium psychrophilum SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE bacterial coldwater disease; Flavobacterium psychrophilum; immunoproteomic; vaccine ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS WALBAUM; TROUT FRY SYNDROME; RAINBOW-TROUT; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEIN; BRUCELLA-MELITENSIS; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the aetiological agent of bacterial coldwater disease (CWD), and this pathogen has large economic impacts on salmonid aquaculture worldwide. Previously, it was demonstrated that high levels of protection against F. psychrophilum challenge were conferred to rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), by immunization with distinct molecular mass fractions of the bacterium, and specific antibodies were correlated with protection. In this study, an immunoproteomic analysis of F. psychrophilum was performed using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting with serum from fish immunized with high-and mid-molecular mass fractions of the bacterium. Mass spectrometry was used to determine the protein identity, and 15 immunogenic proteins were positively identified following Mascot searches of the F. psychrophilum genome. Based on known function and immunogenicity of homologous proteins in other bacterial pathogens, antibodies specific for several of the identified proteins may be important for protective immunity from CWD. These include outer membrane protein OmpA (P60), trigger factor, ClpB, elongation factor G, gliding motility protein GldN and a conserved hypothetical protein. This work increases the understanding of the protective humoral immune response of rainbow trout against these distinct molecular mass fractions of F. psychrophilum and provides new potential targets for recombinant protein vaccine development. C1 [LaFrentz, B. R.; Cain, K. D.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [LaFrentz, B. R.; Cain, K. D.] Univ Idaho, Inst Aquaculture Res, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [LaPatra, S. E.] Clear Springs Foods Inc, Div Res, Buhl, ID USA. [Call, D. R.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Wiens, G. D.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Coldwater Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV USA. [Cain, K. D.] Univ Tasmania, Natl Ctr Marine Conservat & Resource Sustainabil, Launceston, Tas 7250, Australia. RP Cain, KD (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, POB 441136, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM kcain@uidaho.edu OI Wiens, Gregory/0000-0002-5478-7780 FU USDA [2003-33610-13945]; Idaho and Washington Aquaculture Initiative USDA-CSREES [2003-34468-14085, 2004-34468-15199] FX This research was funded in part by the USDA Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program (Grant number 2003-33610-13945) and the Idaho and Washington Aquaculture Initiative USDA-CSREES (Award numbers 2003-34468-14085, 2004-34468-15199). The authors gratefully acknowledge D. Whitten at the Proteomics Core Facility of Michigan State University for assistance with mass spectrometry analysis and protein identification. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 34 IS 11 BP 823 EP 830 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01297.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 838AO UT WOS:000296258100002 PM 21988354 ER PT J AU Paiva, SR Mariante, AD Blackburn, HD AF Paiva, Samuel Rezende Mariante, Arthur da Silva Blackburn, Harvey D. TI Combining US and Brazilian Microsatellite Data for a Meta-Analysis of Sheep (Ovis aries) Breed Diversity: Facilitating the FAO Global Plan of Action for Conserving Animal Genetic Resources SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE genetic structure; merging data sets; molecular markers ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; DATA SETS; INFORMATION; MARKERS AB Microsatellites are commonly used to understand genetic diversity among livestock populations. Nevertheless, most studies have involved the processing of samples in one laboratory or with common standards across laboratories. Our objective was to identify an approach to facilitate the merger of microsatellite data for cross-country comparison of genetic resources when samples were not evaluated in a single laboratory. Eleven microsatellites were included in the analysis of 13 US and 9 Brazilian sheep breeds (N = 706). A Bayesian approach was selected and evaluated with and without a shared set of samples analyzed by each country. All markers had a posterior probability of greater than 0.5, which was higher than predicted as reasonable by the software used. Sensitivity analysis indicated no difference between results with or without shared samples. Cluster analysis showed breeds to be partitioned by functional groups of hair, meat, or wool types (K = 7 and 12 of STRUCTURE). Cross-country comparison of hair breeds indicated substantial genetic distances and within breed variability. The selected approach can facilitate the merger and analysis of microsatellite data for cross-country comparison and extend the utility of previously collected molecular markers. In addition, the result of this type of analysis can be used in new and existing conservation programs. C1 [Paiva, Samuel Rezende; Mariante, Arthur da Silva] EMBRAPA Recursos Genet & Biotecnol Embrapa Genet, Lab Genet Anim, BR-70770917 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Blackburn, Harvey D.] ARS, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Paiva, SR (reprint author), EMBRAPA Recursos Genet & Biotecnol Embrapa Genet, Lab Genet Anim, BR-70770917 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM samuel@cenargen.embrapa.br RI Wright, Lori/G-7315-2011; Paiva, Samuel/G-6404-2012 OI Paiva, Samuel/0000-0001-6687-2491 FU ARS/USDA; CNPq; Embrapa FX ARS/USDA, CNPq and Embrapa. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 102 IS 6 BP 697 EP 704 DI 10.1093/jhered/esr101 PG 8 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 836HE UT WOS:000296100900006 PM 22013019 ER PT J AU Stuhl, C Cicero, L Sivinski, J Teal, P Lapointe, S Paranhos, BJ Aluja, M AF Stuhl, Charles Cicero, Lizette Sivinski, John Teal, Peter Lapointe, Stephen Paranhos, Beatriz Jordao Aluja, Martin TI Longevity of multiple species of tephritid (Diptera) fruit fly parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Opiinae) provided exotic and sympatric-fruit based diets SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Utetes anastrephae; Doryctobracon areolatus; Doryctobracon crawfordi; Diachasmimorpha longicaudata; Opius hirtus; Psidium guajava ID LONGICAUDATA ASHMEAD HYMENOPTERA; DIACHASMIMORPHA-LONGICAUDATA; COTESIA-GLOMERATA; HONEYDEW SUGARS; FLIES DIPTERA; DISTRIBUTIONS; NECTAR; MEXICO; MANGO AB While adult parasitic Hymenoptera in general feed on floral and extrafloral nectars, hemipteran-honeydews and fluids from punctured hosts. Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead), an Old World opiine braconid introduced to tropical/subtropical America for the biological control of Anastrepha spp. (Tephritidae), can survive on fruit juices as they seep from injured fruit. An ability to exploit fruit juice would allow such a parasitoid to efficiently forage for hosts and food sources simultaneously. Two New World opiines, Doryctobracon areolatus (Szepligeti) and Utetes anastrephae (Viereck), are also prominent Anastrepha parasitoids and are roughly sympatric. All three species were provided with: (1) pulp and juice diets derived from a highly domesticated Old World fruit (orange, Citrus sinensis L) that is only recently sympatric with the Mexican flies and parasitoids and so offered little opportunity for the evolution of feeding-adaptations and (2) a less-domesticated New World fruit (guava, Psidium guajava L.), sympatric over evolutionary time with D. areolatus and U. anastrephae. Both sexes of D. longicaudata died when provided guava pulp or juice at a rate similar to a water-only control. D. areolatus and U. anastrephae, presumably adapted to the nutrient/chemical constituents of guava, also died at a similar rate. Survival of all three species on orange pulp and juice was greater than on water, and often equaled that obtained on a honey and water solution. In confirmatory experiments in Mexico, D. areolatus and U. anastrephae, as well as other tephritid parasitoids Doryctobracon crawfordi (Viereck) and Opius hirtus (Fisher), all died at a significantly higher rates when provided guava in comparison to a honey and water diet. Such a result is likely due to guavas being repellent, innutritious or toxic. D. longicaudata clearly consumed guava juice tagged with a colored dye. Dilutions of orange and guava juice resulted in shorter lifespans than dilutions of orange juice and water demonstrating that there while diluted orange juice provided nutrition the addition of guava created toxicity. Given the differences in fruit-food quality, adult opiine food sources would not be obtainable at all oviposition sites and in the case of guava, more additional sites and foraging for food than previously postulated may be required. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stuhl, Charles; Sivinski, John; Teal, Peter] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Stuhl, Charles] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Lapointe, Stephen] ARS, USDA, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Paranhos, Beatriz Jordao] Embrapa Semiarid, Entomol Lab, BR-56302970 Petrolina, PE, Brazil. [Cicero, Lizette; Aluja, Martin] Inst Ecol AC, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. RP Stuhl, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL USA. EM charles.stuhl@ars.usda.gov RI Al Adawi, Ali/H-4593-2011; Cicero, Lizette/A-9848-2016 OI Cicero, Lizette/0000-0002-8486-5700 FU CONACyT [79449] FX We thank Tim Holler (USDA-APHIS [ret.]) for allowing us to remove insects from his parasitoid colonies; he helped with field collections and was instrumental in performing many of the experiments. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS), Division of Plant Industry generously supplied Anastrepha suspensa larvae. M. Aluja acknowledges support from CONACyT through a Sabbatical Year Fellowship (Ref. 79449) and thanks Benno Graf and Jorg Samietz (Forschungsanstalt Agroscope Changins-Wadenswil ACW, Switzerland) for providing ideal conditions to work on this paper. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 57 IS 11 BP 1463 EP 1470 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.07.015 PG 8 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 835YU UT WOS:000296074000002 PM 21839085 ER PT J AU Shrestha, S Stanley, D Kim, Y AF Shrestha, Sony Stanley, David Kim, Yonggyun TI PGE(2) induces oenocytoid cell lysis via a G protein-coupled receptor in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eicosanoid; G protein-coupled receptor; Phenoloxidase; Oenocytoid; Fluorescence in situ hybridization; PGE(2); RNA interference; Spodoptera exigua ID TOBACCO HORNWORM; INSECT IMMUNITY; MANDUCA-SEXTA; EICOSANOIDS; PROSTAGLANDINS; NODULATION; HEMOCYTES; RESPONSES AB Eicosanoids mediate cellular and humoral immune responses in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, including activation of prophenoloxidase (PPO). PPO activation begins with release of its inactive zymogen, PPO, from oenocytoids in response to prostaglandins (PGs). Based on the biomedical literature, we hypothesized that PGs exert their actions via specific G protein-coupled receptor(s) in S. exigua. This study reports a G protein-coupled receptor (Se-hcPGGPCR1) gene, which is expressed in the hemocytes of S. exigua. The Se-hcPGGPCR1 consists of 420 amino acids and belongs to rhodopsin-type GPCRs. The high content of hydrophobic amino acid residues within the Se-hcPGGPCR1 protein is explained by prediction of seven-transmembrane domains that are characteristic of these GPCRs. Except for the eggs, Se-hcPGGPCR1 was expressed in all life stages. During the larval stage, it was expressed in hemocytes and gut, but not in fat body nor in epidermis. Real time quantitative RT-PCR showed that bacterial challenge induced more than 20-fold increases in its expression level. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that Se-hcPGGPCR1 was expressed in a specific hemocyte type, the oenocytoids. A specific eicosanoid, PGE(2), significantly induced oenocytoid lysis and increased PO activity in the plasma. In contrast, when Se-hcPGGPCR1 expression was suppressed by RNA interference (RNAi), the oenocytoid lysis and the PO activation in response to PGE(2) were not elevated above basal levels. A binding assay using intracellular calcium mobilization showed that the RNAi-treated hemocytes were significantly less responsive to PGE(2) than the control hemocytes. These results support our hypothesis with the specific finding that PGE(2) acts through Se-hcPGGPCR1 to activate PPO by lysing oenocytoids. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Yonggyun] Andong Natl Univ, Dept Bioresource Sci, Andong 760749, South Korea. [Shrestha, Sony] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Stanley, David] ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, USDA, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), Andong Natl Univ, Dept Bioresource Sci, Andong 760749, South Korea. EM hosanna@andong.ac.kr FU Basic Research Program; National Research Foundation, Korea; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Korea FX Most of this work was supported by a Basic Research Program funded by National Research Foundation, Korea. S. Shrestha was supported by the second stage of BK21 program of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Korea. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. All programs and services of the U.S. Department of Agriculture are offered on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, marital status, or handicap. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 57 IS 11 BP 1568 EP 1576 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.08.010 PG 9 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 835YU UT WOS:000296074000014 PM 21867708 ER PT J AU Fielding, RA Rejeski, WJ Blair, S Church, T Espeland, MA Gill, TM Guralnik, JM Hsu, FC Katula, J King, AC Kritchevsky, SB McDermott, MM Miller, ME Nayfield, S Newman, AB Williamson, JD Bonds, D Romashkan, S Hadley, E Pahor, M AF Fielding, Roger A. Rejeski, W. Jack Blair, Steven Church, Tim Espeland, Mark A. Gill, Thomas M. Guralnik, Jack M. Hsu, Fang-Chi Katula, Jeffrey King, Abby C. Kritchevsky, Stephen B. McDermott, Mary M. Miller, Michael E. Nayfield, Susan Newman, Anne B. Williamson, Jeff D. Bonds, Denise Romashkan, Sergei Hadley, Evan Pahor, Marco CA LIFE Res Grp TI The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Study: Design and Methods SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Disability; Physical activity; Exercise; Geriatrics; Physical function ID RANDOMIZED-CONTROLLED-TRIAL; LOWER-EXTREMITY FUNCTION; PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE BATTERY; TASK-SWITCHING PERFORMANCE; ESTROGEN PLUS PROGESTIN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; OLDER-ADULTS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN AB Background. As the number of older adults in the United States rises, maintaining functional independence among older Americans has emerged as a major clinical and public health priority. Older people who lose mobility are less likely to remain in the community; demonstrate higher rates of morbidity, mortality, and hospitalizations; and experience a poorer quality of life. Several studies have shown that regular physical activity improves functional limitations and intermediate functional outcomes, but definitive evidence showing that major mobility disability can be prevented is lacking. A Phase 3 randomized controlled trial is needed to fill this evidence gap. Methods. The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study is a Phase 3 multicenter randomized controlled trial designed to compare a supervised moderate-intensity physical activity program with a successful aging health education program in 1,600 sedentary older persons followed for an average of 2.7 years. Results. LIFE's primary outcome is major mobility disability, defined as the inability to walk 400 m. Secondary outcomes include cognitive function, serious fall injuries, persistent mobility disability, the combined outcome of major mobility disability or death, disability in activities of daily living, and cost-effectiveness. Conclusions. Results of this study are expected to have important public health implications for the large and growing population of older sedentary men and women. C1 [Fielding, Roger A.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Rejeski, W. Jack; Katula, Jeffrey] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Hlth & Exercise Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Blair, Steven] Univ S Carolina, Dept Exercise Sci, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Blair, Steven] Univ S Carolina, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Church, Tim] Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Espeland, Mark A.; Miller, Michael E.] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Biostat Sci, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Gill, Thomas M.; Hsu, Fang-Chi] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, New Haven, CT USA. [Guralnik, Jack M.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [King, Abby C.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Res & Policy, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [King, Abby C.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford Prevent Res Ctr, Dept Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kritchevsky, Stephen B.; Williamson, Jeff D.] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Sect Gerontol & Geriatr Med, Dept Med,Sticht Ctr Aging, Winston Salem, NC USA. [McDermott, Mary M.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Nayfield, Susan; Pahor, Marco] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Inst Aging, Gainesville, FL USA. [Newman, Anne B.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol & Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Bonds, Denise] NHLBI, Div Cardiovasc Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Romashkan, Sergei] NIA, Clin Trials Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Hadley, Evan] NIA, Sect Geriatr & Gerontol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Fielding, RA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM roger.fielding@tufts.edu RI Buford, Thomas /B-1111-2011; Newman, Anne/C-6408-2013; Katula, Jeffrey/K-5905-2013; OI Buford, Thomas /0000-0002-9541-4358; Newman, Anne/0000-0002-0106-1150; Kritchevsky, Stephen/0000-0003-3336-6781 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute on Aging Cooperative Agreement [UO1 AG22376]; National Institute on Aging, NIH; U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-7-707]; Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center [P30AG031679]; University of Florida Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center [P30 AG028740]; Pittsburgh Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center [P30 AG024827]; Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center [P30 AG21332, P30AG021342]; National Institute on Aging [K24 AG021507] FX The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Study is funded by a National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute on Aging Cooperative Agreement; (UO1 AG22376) and a supplement from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (3U01AG022376-05A2S), and sponsored in part by the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH.; Dr. Fielding's contribution is partially supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (58-1950-7-707). Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U. S. Dept of Agriculture. The Tufts Field Center is also partially supported by the Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (P30AG031679). The Administrative Coordinating Center and University of Florida Field Center are partially supported by the University of Florida Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (P30 AG028740). The Pittsburgh Field Center is partially supported by the Pittsburgh Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (P30 AG024827). The Wake Forest University Field Center is partially supported by the Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (P30 AG21332). Dr. Gill is the recipient of a Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research (K24 AG021507) from the National Institute on Aging. The Yale Field Center is partially supported by the Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (P30AG021342). NR 106 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 5 U2 37 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 66 IS 11 BP 1226 EP 1237 DI 10.1093/gerona/glr123 PG 12 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 836HN UT WOS:000296102100011 PM 21825283 ER PT J AU Sparrow, D Gottlieb, DJ DeMolles, D Fielding, RA AF Sparrow, David Gottlieb, Daniel J. DeMolles, Deborah Fielding, Roger A. TI Increases in Muscle Strength and Balance Using a Resistance Training Program Administered Via a Telecommunications System in Older Adults SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Muscle strength; Balance; Resistance training ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; WOMEN AGED 75; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; EXERCISE CAPACITY; PERFORMANCE; INTENSITY; ENDURANCE; HEALTH; COPD; MASS AB Background. Resistance training programs have been found to improve muscle strength, physical function, and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults. These programs have typically been provided in clinical facilities, health clubs, and senior centers, which may be inconvenient and/or cost prohibitive for some older adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an automated telemedicine intervention that provides real-time guidance and monitoring of resistance training in the home. Methods. A randomized clinical trial in 103 middle-aged or older participants. Participants were assigned to use of a theory-driven interactive voice response system designed to promote resistance training (Telephone-Linked Computer-based Long-term Interactive Fitness Trainer; n = 52) or to an attention control (n = 51) for a period of 12 months. Measurements of muscle strength, balance, walk distance, and mood were obtained at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Results. We observed increased strength, improved balance, and fewer depressive symptoms in the intervention group than in the control group. Using generalized estimating equations modeling, group differences were statistically significant for knee flexion strength (p = .035), single-leg stance time (p = .029), and Beck Depression Inventory (p = .030). Conclusions. This computer-based telecommunications exercise intervention led to improvements in participants' strength, balance, and depressive symptoms. Because of their low cost and easy accessibility, computer-based interventions may be a cost-effective way of promoting exercise in the home. C1 [Sparrow, David; Gottlieb, Daniel J.; DeMolles, Deborah] Vet Affairs Boston Healthcare Syst, Boston, MA USA. [Sparrow, David; Gottlieb, Daniel J.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Fielding, Roger A.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Sparrow, D (reprint author), Vet Affairs Boston Healthcare Syst 151N, 150 S Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02130 USA. EM david.sparrow@va.gov FU Rehabilitation Research and Development Service of the Department of Veterans Affairs; Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center [1P30AG031679]; U. S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-7-707] FX This work was supported by the Rehabilitation Research and Development Service of the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (1P30AG031679), and the U. S. Department of Agriculture under agreement No. 58-1950-7-707. The VA Normative Aging Study, a component of the Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, Boston, Massachusetts, is supported by the Cooperative Studies Program/Epidemiology Research and Information Center of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 66 IS 11 BP 1251 EP 1257 DI 10.1093/gerona/glr138 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 836HN UT WOS:000296102100014 PM 21852283 ER PT J AU Weber, JG Sills, EO Bauch, S Pattanayak, SK AF Weber, Jeremy G. Sills, Erin O. Bauch, Simone Pattanayak, Subhrendu K. TI Do ICDPs Work? An Empirical Evaluation of Forest-Based Microenterprises in the Brazilian Amazon SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL FORESTS; PROTECTED AREAS; CONSERVATION; DEFORESTATION; BIODIVERSITY; IMPACT AB This paper evaluates public investments in forest-based microenterprises as part of an integrated conservation and development project (ICDP) in the Brazilian Amazon. We combine matching with regression to quantify the effects of program participation on household income, wealth, and livelihoods. We find that participation increased cash and total income and asset accumulation, suggesting that the microenterprises contributed to the development goals of the ICDP. There is no clear evidence, however, that the microenterprise program helped achieve the ICDP's conservation goals of shifting household livelihoods away from agriculture and into sustainable forest use. (JEL O12, O13) C1 [Weber, Jeremy G.] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Sills, Erin O.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Sills, Erin O.] IMAZON, Belem, Para, Brazil. [Bauch, Simone] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Econ & Resource Management, As, Norway. [Pattanayak, Subhrendu K.] Duke Univ, Sanford Sch Publ Policy, Durham, NC USA. [Pattanayak, Subhrendu K.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Weber, JG (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 19 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 87 IS 4 BP 661 EP 681 PG 21 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 836IN UT WOS:000296105200008 ER PT J AU Couturier, K Qin, BL Batandier, C Awada, M Hininger-Favier, I Canini, F Leverve, X Roussel, AM Anderson, RA AF Couturier, Karine Qin, Bolin Batandier, Cecile Awada, Manar Hininger-Favier, Isabelle Canini, Frederic Leverve, Xavier Roussel, Anne Marie Anderson, Richard A. TI Cinnamon increases liver glycogen in an animal model of insulin resistance SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; FRUCTOSE-DIET; EXTRACT; TYPE-2; RATS; METABOLISM; EXPRESSION; EXERCISE; RECEPTOR AB The objective of this study was to determine the effects of cinnamon on glycogen synthesis, related gene expression, and protein levels in the muscle and liver using an animal model of insulin resistance, the high-fat/high-fructose (HF/HFr) diet-fed rat. Four groups of 22 male Wistar rats were fed for 12 weeks with (1) HF/HFr diet to induce insulin resistance, (2) HF/HFr diet containing 20 g cinnamon per kilogram of diet, (3) control diet, and (4) control diet containing 20 g cinnamon per kilogram of diet. In the liver, cinnamon added to the HF/HFr diet led to highly significant increases of liver glycogen. There were no significant changes in animals consuming the control diet plus cinnamon. In the liver, cinnamon also counteracted the decreases of the gene expressions due to the consumption of the HF/HFr diet for the insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2, glucose transporters 1 and 2, and glycogen synthase 1. In muscle, the decreased expressions of these genes by the HF/HFr diet and glucose transporter 4 were also reversed by cinnamon. In addition, the overexpression of glycogen synthase 3 beta messenger RNA levels and protein observed in the muscle of HF/HFr fed rats was decreased in animals consuming cinnamon. These data demonstrate that, in insulin-resistant rats, cinnamon improves insulin sensitivity and enhances liver glycogen via regulating insulin signaling and glycogen synthesis. Changes due to cinnamon in control animals with normal insulin sensitivity were not significant. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Qin, Bolin; Anderson, Richard A.] USDA, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Qin, Bolin] Integrity, Springhill, TN USA. [Couturier, Karine; Batandier, Cecile; Awada, Manar; Hininger-Favier, Isabelle; Leverve, Xavier; Roussel, Anne Marie] Univ Grenoble 1, INSERM, LBFA 884, Grenoble, France. [Canini, Frederic] CRSSA Army Res Ctr Hlth, Grenoble, France. RP Anderson, RA (reprint author), USDA, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Richard.anderson@ars.usda.gov OI Batandier, Cecile/0000-0003-1173-458X FU French National Agency for Research [PNRA 007]; USDA/ARS/USA FX We thank Mireille Osman, Joelle Demaison, Laurent Poulet, and Marilyn Polansky for their excellent technical assistance. Funding: This work is a part of the CERVIRMIT Study funded by the French National Agency for Research (PNRA 007) and USDA/ARS/USA. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0026-0495 EI 1532-8600 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 60 IS 11 BP 1590 EP 1597 DI 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.03.016 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 838RQ UT WOS:000296310300014 PM 21550075 ER PT J AU Chen, YG Whitehill, JGA Bonello, P Poland, TM AF Chen, Yigen Whitehill, Justin G. A. Bonello, Pierluigi Poland, Therese M. TI Feeding by emerald ash borer larvae induces systemic changes in black ash foliar chemistry SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Agrilus planipennis; Fraxinus nigra; Oleaceae; Nutrition; Phenolics; Foliage volatiles; Amino acids; Coleoptera; Plant-arthropod interactions ID PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FRAXINUS-MANDSHURICA; INDUCED VOLATILES; QUERCUS-ROBUR; AMINO-ACIDS; PLANT; RESISTANCE; INDUCTION; DEFENSE AB The exotic wood-boring pest, emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), has been threatening North American ash (Fraxinus spp.) resources, this being recognized since its first detection in Michigan. USA and Ontario, Canada in 2002. Ash trees are killed by larval feeding in the cambial region, which results in disruption of photosynthate and nutrient translocation. In this study, changes in volatile and non-volatile foliar phytochemicals of potted 2-yr-old black ash, Fraxinus nigra Marshall, seedlings were observed in response to EAB larval feeding in the main stem. EAB larval feeding affected levels of six compounds [hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (E)-beta-ocimene, methyl salicylate, and (ZE)-alpha-farnesene] with patterns of interaction depending upon compounds of interest and time of observation. Increased methyl salicylate emission suggests similarity in responses induced by EAB larval feeding and other phloem-feeding herbivores. Overall, EAB larval feeding suppressed (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate emission, elevated (E)-beta-ocimene emission in the first 30 days, but emissions leveled off thereafter, and generally increased the emission of (Z,E)-alpha-farnesene. Levels of carbohydrates and phenolics increased overall, while levels of proteins and most amino acids decreased in response to larval feeding. Twenty-three amino acids were consistently detected in the foliage of black ash. The three most abundant amino acids were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, while the four least abundant were alpha-aminobutyric acid, beta-aminoisobutyric acid, methionine, and sarcosine. Most (16) foliar free amino acids and 6 of the 9 detected essential amino acids decreased with EAR larval feeding. The ecological consequences of these dynamic phytochemical changes on herbivores harbored by ash trees and potential natural enemies of these herbivores are discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Yigen] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Whitehill, Justin G. A.; Bonello, Pierluigi] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Poland, Therese M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Chen, YG (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM ygchen@msu.edu RI Bonello, Pierluigi/E-2776-2011 FU USDA Forest Service, NA FHP FX We thank Tina Ciaramitaro and Deborah Miller for maintenance of the EAB colony and trees in the greenhouse. We thank Gabrielle Thottam for extraction of phenolics. Tina Ciaramitaro also assisted with volatile collection. We are also indebted to Drs. Gary Grant and Deepa Pureswaran from Canadian Forest Service, the editor and three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments the manuscript. The research was supported by the USDA Forest Service, NA FHP. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 48 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD NOV PY 2011 VL 72 IS 16 BP 1990 EP 1998 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.07.003 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 834HJ UT WOS:000295950100007 PM 21802697 ER PT J AU Woodruff, DR Meinzer, FC AF Woodruff, David R. Meinzer, Frederick C. TI Water stress, shoot growth and storage of non-structural carbohydrates along a tree height gradient in a tall conifer SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Pseudotsuga menziesii; carbon storage; drought; growth limitation; phloem transport; photosynthesis; water potential ID AGE-RELATED DECLINE; CARBON LIMITATION; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SEASONAL-VARIATION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; TURGOR PRESSURE; PONDEROSA PINE; XYLEM VESSELS; POROUS TREES; WALNUT TREES AB We analysed concentrations of starch, sucrose, glucose and fructose in upper branch wood, foliage and trunk sapwood of Douglas-fir trees in height classes ranging from similar to 2 to similar to 57 m. Mean concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) for all tissues were highest in the tallest height class and lowest in the lowest height class, and height-related trends in NSC were most pronounced in branches. Throughout a 17-month sampling period, mean values of branch NSC from the 57 m trees ranged between 30 and 377% greater than the 2 m trees. Branch NSC was inversely correlated with midday shoot water potential (psi(I)), shoot osmotic potential at full turgor (Psi(pi)) and shoot extension. Temporal fluctuation in branch NSC was inversely correlated with height, and positively correlated with midday Psi(I), Psi(pi) and shoot extension. The positive correlation between height and storage of NSC, and the negative correlation between NSC storage and shoot extension provide evidence that size-related growth decline in trees is not strongly associated with constraints on photosynthesis. The negative correlation between height and fluctuation in NSC suggests that mobilization of photosynthate in taller trees is constrained by some factor such as reductions in turgor-driven cell expansion or constraints on phloem transport. C1 [Woodruff, David R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Woodruff, DR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dwoodruff@fs.fed.us RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 NR 77 TC 37 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 91 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 34 IS 11 BP 1920 EP 1930 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02388.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 835TE UT WOS:000296058100010 PM 21722142 ER PT J AU Isard, SA Barnes, CW Hambleton, S Ariatti, A Russo, JM Tenuta, A Gay, DA Szabo, LJ AF Isard, S. A. Barnes, C. W. Hambleton, S. Ariatti, A. Russo, J. M. Tenuta, A. Gay, D. A. Szabo, L. J. TI Predicting Soybean Rust Incursions into the North American Continental Interior Using Crop Monitoring, Spore Trapping, and Aerobiological Modeling SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PHAKOPSORA-PACHYRHIZI UREDINIOSPORES; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION AB Isard, S. A., Barnes, C. W., Hambleton, S., Ariatti, A., Russo, J. M., Tenuta, A., Gay, D. A., and Szabo, L. J. 2011. Predicting soybean rust incursions into the North American continental interior using crop monitoring, spore trapping, and aerobiological modeling. Plant Dis. 95:1346-1357. Between 2005 and 2009, millions of U.S. and Canadian soybean acres that would have received fungicide application remained untreated for soybean rust due to information disseminated through the Integrated Pest Management Pest Information Platform for Extension and Education (ipmPIPE), increasing North American producers' profits by hundreds of millions of dollars each year. The results of our analysis of Phakopsora pachyrhizi urediniospores in rain collections, aerobiology model output, and observations of soybean rust spread in 2007 and 2008 show a strong correspondence between spore collections and model predictions for the continental interior of North America, where soybean is an important crop. The analysis suggests that control practices based on up-to-date maps of soybean rust observations and associated commentary from Extension Specialists delivered by the ipmPIPE may have suppressed the number and strength of inoculum source areas in the southern states and retarded the northward progress of seasonal soybean rust incursions into continental North America. The analysis further indicates that spore trapping and aerobiological modeling can reduce our reliance on the costly Sentinel Plot Network while maintaining the effectiveness of the ipmPIPE system for soybean rust management. C1 [Isard, S. A.; Ariatti, A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Isard, S. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Barnes, C. W.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Escuela Biol, Quito, Ecuador. [Hambleton, S.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Russo, J. M.] ZedX Inc, Bellefonte, PA USA. [Tenuta, A.] Ontario Minist Agr Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON, Canada. [Gay, D. A.] Univ Illinois, Natl Atmospher Deposit Program, Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Szabo, L. J.] ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, USDA, St Paul, MN USA. [Szabo, L. J.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Isard, SA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM sai10@psu.edu FU United Soybean Board; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Risk Management Agency, Cooperative States Research Education, and Extension Service (now National Institute for Food and Agriculture); Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service FX We thank the hundreds of individuals who have collected and analyzed observations from SBR sentinel plots and the NADP and Canadian rain collection networks. The research was supported by the United Soybean Board and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Risk Management Agency, Cooperative States Research Education, and Extension Service (now National Institute for Food and Agriculture), and Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. The Ontario soybean rust sentinel and mobile monitoring program and the rain collection network were supported by the Grain Farmers of Ontario, which obtained funding through the Farm Innovation Program, a component of Growing Forward. Additional support was provided by the Ontario SBR coalition, which obtained funding through the Can Advance Program. Both the Farm Innovation and Can Advance Programs are administered by the Agricultural Adaptation Council. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 95 IS 11 BP 1346 EP 1357 DI 10.1094/PDIS-01-11-0034 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 836KD UT WOS:000296109700003 ER PT J AU Barkley, NA Pinnow, DL Wang, ML Ling, KS Jarret, RL AF Barkley, N. A. Pinnow, D. L. Wang, M. L. Ling, K. S. Jarret, R. L. TI Detection and Classification of SPLCV Isolates in the US Sweetpotato Germplasm Collection via a Real-Time PCR Assay and Phylogenetic Analysis SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID LEAF-CURL-VIRUS; IPOMOEA-BATATAS; GEMINIVIRUSES; EVOLUTION; QUALITY; PROTEIN; YIELD; GENE AB Barkley, N. A., Pinnow, D. L., Wang, M. L., Ling, K. S., and Jarret, R. L. 2011. Detection and classification of SPLCV isolates in the U.S. sweetpotato germplasm collection via a real-time PCR assay and phylogenetic analysis. Plant Dis. 95:1385-1391. The United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) germplasm collection contains accessions that were initially collected from various countries worldwide. These materials have been maintained and distributed as in vitro plantlets since the mid- 1980s. The status of viral infection by the emerging Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) and other Begomovirus spp. in this germplasm has yet to be determined. In order to minimize the potential distribution of virus-infected clones, all accessions in the collection were tested for SPLCV using a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. In total, 47 of 701 accessions of in vitro plantlets tested positive for SPLCV. The presence of SPLCV detected in these materials was confirmed via biological indexing using the indicator plants I. nil and I. muricata. Symptoms appeared more rapidly on I. muricata than on I. nil. Nucleotide polymorphisms among the isolates were evaluated by sequencing the AV I coat protein gene from 24 SPLCV-infected accessions. The results revealed that the SPLCV isolates shared high sequence identity. Ten nucleotide substitutions were identified, most of which were synonymous changes. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted on those 24 SPLCV isolates in combination with six described SPLCV species and various SPLCV strains from GenBank to evaluate the relationships among viral species or strains. The results from this analysis indicated that most of the AV1 genes derived from previously classified SPLCV species clustered together, some of which formed well-supported monophyletic clades, further supporting the current taxonomy. Overall, identification of SPLCV-infected germ-plasm will allow approaches to be employed to eliminate the virus from the collection and limit the distribution of infected materials. C1 [Barkley, N. A.; Pinnow, D. L.; Wang, M. L.; Jarret, R. L.] ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Ling, K. S.] ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Barkley, NA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM Elle.Barkley@ars.usda.gov RI Barkley, Noelle/C-5815-2008 NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 95 IS 11 BP 1385 EP 1391 DI 10.1094/PDIS-01-11-0012 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 836KD UT WOS:000296109700007 ER PT J AU Keinath, AP Kousik, CS AF Keinath, Anthony P. Kousik, Chandrasekar S. TI Sensitivity of Isolates of Phytophthora capsici from the Eastern United States to Fluopicolide SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID 1ST REPORT; FUNGICIDES; MICHIGAN; BLIGHT; DIMETHOMORPH; POPULATIONS; MEFENOXAM; REGION; ROT AB Keinath, A. R, and Kousik, C. S. 2011. Sensitivity of isolates of Phytophthora capsici from the eastern United States to fluopicolide. Plant Dis. 95:1414-1419. Fluopicolide, a pyridinylmethyl-benzamide fungicide, was registered in the United States in 2008 to control diseases caused by Oomycete pathogens, such as Phytophthora capsici, on cucurbit and solanaceous vegetables. The main objective of this study was to determine baseline sensitivity to fluopicolide in isolates of P capsici from the southeastern and midwestern United States. A total of 69 isolates from Florida (14 isolates), Georgia (14 isolates), Michigan (24 isolates), North Carolina (3 isolates), and South Carolina (17 isolates) that had not been previously exposed to fluopicolide were grown on fungicide-amended medium to determine sensitivity of mycelia, sporangia, and zoospores to the fungicide. All isolates of P capsici tested (range of 54 to 69 isolates per assay) were sensitive to fluopicolide in all four assays. The median EC(50) fluopicolide concentration was 0.22, 2.08, 0.048, and 0.10 mg/liter in the mycelia] growth, zoospore germination, sporangia production, and zoospore production assays, respectively. For mycelial growth and zoospore germination, isolates from Michigan had a higher mean EC(50) value than isolates from the four southeastern states. This is the first report of variation in baseline sensitivity to a fungicide by P capsici isolates from different regions of the United States. In the sporangia production and zoospore production assays, isolates from different states did not differ in sensitivity. Single rates of fluopicolide were tested with additional isolates to validate discriminatory rates for monitoring sensitivity. A concentration of 0.3 or 1.0 mg/liter is recommended for mycelial growth, and 0.1 mg/liter is recommended for sporangia and zoospore production. C1 [Keinath, Anthony P.] Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Kousik, Chandrasekar S.] ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Keinath, AP (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM tknth@clemson.edu FU NIFA/USDA [SC-1700161, 2008-34287-19425]; Valent U.S.A. Corporation FX We thank E. Fillippeli for technical assistance and M. Hausbeck, E. Rosskopf, R. French, and K. Ivors for supplying isolates. This material is based upon work supported by NIFA/USDA under project numbers SC-1700161 and 2008-34287-19425 and by Valent U.S.A. Corporation. Technical contribution no. 5918 of the Clemson University Experiment Station. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 95 IS 11 BP 1414 EP 1419 DI 10.1094/PDIS-03-11-0242 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 836KD UT WOS:000296109700011 ER PT J AU Yun, HY Harrington, TC AF Yun, H. Y. Harrington, T. C. TI First Report of the Walnut Witches'-Broom Phytoplasma on Japanese and Black Walnut in Iowa SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID ORGANISM C1 [Yun, H. Y.] ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Harrington, T. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Yun, HY (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 95 IS 11 BP 1474 EP 1475 DI 10.1094/PDIS-05-11-0412 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 836KD UT WOS:000296109700021 ER PT J AU Riggins, JJ Fraedrich, SW Harrington, TC AF Riggins, J. J. Fraedrich, S. W. Harrington, T. C. TI First Report of Laurel Wilt Caused by Raffaelea lauricola on Sassafras in Mississippi SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID REDBAY AMBROSIA BEETLE; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; TREES C1 [Riggins, J. J.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Fraedrich, S. W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Harrington, T. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Riggins, JJ (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 95 IS 11 BP 1479 EP 1479 DI 10.1094/PDIS-05-11-0446 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 836KD UT WOS:000296109700032 ER PT J AU Vargas, JA Hammond, R Hernandez, E Barboza, N Mora, F Ramirez, P AF Vargas, J. A. Hammond, R. Hernandez, E. Barboza, N. Mora, F. Ramirez, P. TI First Report of Tomato chlorosis virus Infecting Sweet Pepper in Costa Rica SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Vargas, J. A.; Hernandez, E.; Barboza, N.; Mora, F.; Ramirez, P.] Univ Costa Rica, CIBCM, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Hammond, R.] ARS, USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Vargas, JA (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, CIBCM, San Jose, Costa Rica. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 95 IS 11 BP 1482 EP 1482 DI 10.1094/PDIS-03-11-0192 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 836KD UT WOS:000296109700041 ER PT J AU Crosslin, JM AF Crosslin, J. M. TI First Report of Potato mop-top virus on Potatoes in Washington State SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID UNITED-STATES C1 ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Crosslin, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 4 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 95 IS 11 BP 1483 EP 1483 DI 10.1094/PDIS-06-11-0536 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 836KD UT WOS:000296109700042 ER PT J AU Rao, WL Li, F Zuo, RJ Li, R AF Rao, W. -L. Li, F. Zuo, R. -J. Li, R. TI First Report of Little cherry virus 2 in Flowering and Sweet Cherry Trees in China SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Rao, W. -L.] Kunming B & T Agr Sch, Kunming 650034, Peoples R China. [Li, F.; Zuo, R. -J.] Yunnan Agr Univ, Key Lab Agr Biodivers Pest Management, China Educ Minist, Kunming 650201, Peoples R China. [Li, R.] ARS, USDA, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rao, WL (reprint author), Kunming B & T Agr Sch, Kunming 650034, Peoples R China. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 95 IS 11 BP 1484 EP 1485 DI 10.1094/PDIS-10-10-0766 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 836KD UT WOS:000296109700046 ER PT J AU Nam, S Condon, BD Parikh, DV Zhao, Q Cintron, MS Madison, C AF Nam, Sunghyun Condon, Brian D. Parikh, Dharnidhar V. Zhao, Qi Cintron, Michael Santiago Madison, Crista TI Effect of urea additive on the thermal decomposition of greige cotton nonwoven fabric treated with diammonium phosphate SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE Greige cotton nonwoven fabric; Flame retardant; Urea; Diammonium phosphate; Carbamate; Thermogravimetry ID PHOSPHORUS-NITROGEN SYNERGISM; PYROLYSIS PRODUCTS; FLAME RETARDANCY; CELLULOSE; COMBUSTION; TEXTILES; FIBERS AB This study showed that greige cotton nonwoven fabric can effectively be flame retardant by applying the phosphorus of diammonium phosphate (DAP) as low as 0.8 wt% with the addition of urea. At such a low content of phosphorus, the char length and limiting oxygen index (LOI) were continuously decreased and increased, respectively, as the concentration of urea increased. The effect of urea additive on the thermal decomposition of flame retardant greige cotton nonwoven fabric was investigated by thermogravimetry, ATR-FTIR, XRD, (1)H -> (13)C CP/MAS NMR, and SEM. The results indicated that, upon heating, urea not only facilitated the phosphorylation reaction of DAP but also introduced carbamate groups into cellulose to decrease the degree of crystallinity prior to the decomposition of the crystalline cellulose. Compared with DAP treatment alone, the addition of urea accelerated the decomposition of glycosyl units, which resulted in a slight increase of weight loss and decrease of char yield. The char morphology observed after LOI tests indicates that urea released nonflammable gases, which blew the carboneous char layer to protect the underlying substrate. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Nam, Sunghyun; Condon, Brian D.; Parikh, Dharnidhar V.; Cintron, Michael Santiago; Madison, Crista] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Zhao, Qi] Tulane Univ, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Condon, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM brian.condon@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture FX We thank Michael Reynolds for providing greige cotton nonwoven fabrics and Sharon Webre and Raisa Moiseyev for their assistance for the LOI measurement. We also thank Dr. Ryan Slopek for reviewing the manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 42 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 96 IS 11 BP 2010 EP 2018 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.08.014 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 836QI UT WOS:000296125800009 ER PT J AU Guo, BQ Vorwald, AC Alt, DP Lager, KM Bayles, DO Faaberg, KS AF Guo, Baoqing Vorwald, Ann C. Alt, David P. Lager, Kelly M. Bayles, Darrell O. Faaberg, Kay S. TI Large scale parallel pyrosequencing technology: PRRSV strain VR-2332 nsp2 deletion mutant stability in swine SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Porcine reproduction and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV); Nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2); Deletion stability; In vivo study; Genome sequencing; Pyrosequencing; 454 technology ID RESPIRATORY-SYNDROME-VIRUS; CYSTEINE PROTEASE DOMAIN; REPLICASE PROTEIN; POSSESSES; VIRULENCE; REGION AB Fifteen porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolate genomes were derived simultaneously using 454 pyrosequencing technology. The viral isolates sequenced were from a recent swine study, in which engineered Type 2 prototype PRRSV strain VR-2332 mutants, with 87, 184, 200, and 403 amino acid deletions in the second hypervariable region of nsp2, were found to be stable in the nsp2 coding region after in vivo infection (Faaberg et al., 2010). Furthermore, 3 of 4 mutants achieved replication kinetics similar to wt virus by study end. We hypothesized that other mutations elsewhere in the virus may have contributed to their replication fitness in swine. To further assess the stability of the engineered viruses, all sequenced genomes were compared and contrasted. No specific mutations occurred in all nsp2 deletion mutant genomes that were not also seen in the parent genome of Type 2 PRRSV strain VR-2332. Second site (non-nsp2) deletions and/or insertions were not evident after replication in swine. The number of point mutations seen increased slightly with deletion size, but even the largest deletion (403 aa) had very few consensus mutations. Thus, our findings provide further substantiation that the nsp2 deletion mutant genomes were genetically stable after in vivo passage. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Vorwald, Ann C.; Lager, Kelly M.; Faaberg, Kay S.] ARS, USDA, Virus & Pr Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Alt, David P.; Bayles, Darrell O.] ARS, Infect Bacterial Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Guo, Baoqing] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. RP Faaberg, KS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Virus & Pr Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Mailstop 2S-209,1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM kay.faaberg@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 161 IS 2 BP 162 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.07.018 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 835NP UT WOS:000296043400007 PM 21839789 ER PT J AU Sugimoto, T Yoshida, S Kaga, A Hajika, M Watanabe, K Aino, M Tatsuda, K Yamamoto, R Matoh, T Walker, DR Biggs, AR Ishimoto, M AF Sugimoto, T. Yoshida, S. Kaga, A. Hajika, M. Watanabe, K. Aino, M. Tatsuda, K. Yamamoto, R. Matoh, T. Walker, D. R. Biggs, A. R. Ishimoto, M. TI Genetic analysis and identification of DNA markers linked to a novel Phytophthora sojae resistance gene in the Japanese soybean cultivar Waseshiroge SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; Marker-assisted selection; Rps gene; Soybean; SSR analysis ID STEM ROT DISEASE; ZOOSPORE RELEASE; LINKAGE MAP; GROWTH-RATE; RPS8 MAPS; ROOT-ROT; REDUCTION; SEQUENCE; REGION; CALCIUM AB The Glycine max (L.) Merr. cultivar Waseshiroge is highly resistant to several races of Phytophthora sojae in Japan. In order to determine which Rps gene might be present in Waseshiroge, 15 differential cultivars were challenged with 12 P. sojae isolates. None had a reaction pattern identical to that of Waseshiroge, indicating that Waseshiroge may contain a novel Rps gene. In order to characterize the inheritance of Waseshiroge resistance to P. sojae isolates, 98 F(2) progeny and 94 F(7:8) lines were produced from crosses between the susceptible cultivar Tanbakuro and Waseshiroge. Chi-square tests indicated that segregation fit a 3:1 ratio for resistance and susceptibility in two F(2) sub-populations of 42 and 56 seedlings. This and a 46.27:1.46:46.27 (or 63:2:63) ratio for resistance: segregation: susceptibility among the 94 F(7:8) lines indicated that resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene. DNA analyses were carried out on Tanbakuro, Waseshiroge and the 94 F(7:8) lines, and a linkage map was constructed with 17 SSR markers and nine new primer pairs that amplify marker loci linked to Rps1 on soybean chromosome 3 (linkage group N). The closest markers, Satt009 and T000304487l, map to locations 0.9 and 1.6 cM on each side of the estimated position of the Rps gene, respectively. The results showed that the Rps gene in Waseshiroge is either allelic to Rps1, or resides at a tightly linked locus in a gene cluster. A three-way-contingency table analysis indicated that marker-assisted selection with the two flanking markers could be used in the development of new resistant cultivars. C1 [Sugimoto, T.; Yoshida, S.; Watanabe, K.; Aino, M.; Tatsuda, K.] Hyogo Agr Inst Agr Forestry & Fisheries, Kasai, Hyogo 6790198, Japan. [Kaga, A.; Ishimoto, M.] Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. [Hajika, M.] Natl Agr & Food Res Org, NARO Inst Crop Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058518, Japan. [Watanabe, K.] Tokyo Univ Agr, Dept Appl Biol & Chem, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1568502, Japan. [Yamamoto, R.] Natl Agr Res Ctr Tohoku Reg NARCT, Morioka, Iwate 0200198, Japan. [Matoh, T.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Div Appl Life Sci, Lab Plant Nutr,Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Walker, D. R.] ARS, USDA, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Natl Soybean Res Ctr 232, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Biggs, A. R.] W Virginia Univ, Kearneysville Tree Fruit Res & Educ Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Sugimoto, T (reprint author), Hyogo Agr Inst Agr Forestry & Fisheries, 1533 Minamino Oka, Kasai, Hyogo 6790198, Japan. EM Takuma_Sugimoto@pref.hyogo.lg.jp OI Biggs, Alan/0000-0001-8362-9530 FU Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan [DD-3113]; Hyogo Prefectural Government; [1005] FX The authors thank Professor Dr. Anne E. Dorrance of The Ohio State University for valuable discussions and for providing P. sojae isolates from Ohio; Eiji Hinomoto for collecting diseased plants; Tomoko Okudaira, Kozue Akamatsu, Toshiharu Ohnishi, Sanae Shikata, Natsuko Ichieda, Atsuko Mineyama, Masanobu Kawai, and Seiko Mori for supporting this study; and Akiko Tazawa and Yoko Yamashita (Hokkaido Prefectural Plant Genetic Resource Center), as well as Randall L. Nelson (USDA-ARS) for providing seeds of the soybean differential cultivars. This work was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan (Genomics for Agricultural Innovation, DD-3113), Development of mitigation and adaptation techniques to global warming in the sectors of agriculture, forestry, and fisheries (1005), and by a grant from the Hyogo Prefectural Government (Overseas training programs for young staff, 2007). NR 42 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD NOV PY 2011 VL 182 IS 1 BP 133 EP 145 DI 10.1007/s10681-011-0525-8 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 835CK UT WOS:000296011200012 ER PT J AU Barbuta, C Cloutier, A Blanchet, P Yadama, V Lowell, E AF Barbuta, Costel Cloutier, Alain Blanchet, Pierre Yadama, Vikram Lowell, Eini TI Tailor made OSB for special application SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID ORIENTED STRANDBOARD; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THICKNESS; PARTICLEBOARD; PERFORMANCE; BARK; WOOD AB The purpose of this study was to develop speciality oriented strand board (OSB) with high stiffness for use in products such as engineered wood flooring (EWF). Three-layer oriented strand boards were manufactured from two feedstocks of strands: a mixture of 90% aspen (Populus tremuloides) and 10% of paper birch (Betula papyrifera), and 100% of small diameter ponderosa pine logs (Pinus ponderosa). The OSB panels were manufactured under a factorial design of three resin contents, two density profiles, and three weight ratios for the face and core layers. Tests to determine density, bending modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond (IB) and thickness swelling (TS) were performed according to ASTM standard D 1037-06a. The results showed that the higher values of bending MOE for panels made from aspen/birch mixture and ponderosa pine, 8190 and 9050 MPa, respectively, were obtained for the same combination of factors. Such high bending MOE values are very close to Baltic birch (Betula pendula) plywood, a product known for its high stiffness. The effect of resin content on IB is more pronounced for panels made from ponderosa pine than panels made from the aspen/birch mixture. Thickness swelling of panels made from ponderosa pine strands is higher than thickness swelling of panels made from a mixture of aspen and birch strands. The results indicate the potential to tailor an OSB for a specific application such as EWF. C1 [Blanchet, Pierre] FPInnovations, Value added Wood Prod, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Barbuta, Costel; Cloutier, Alain] Univ Laval, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Yadama, Vikram] Washington State Univ, Wood Mat & Engn Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Lowell, Eini] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR USA. RP Blanchet, P (reprint author), FPInnovations, Value added Wood Prod, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. EM pierre.blanchet@fpinnovations.ca RI Blanchet, Pierre/C-2455-2014 OI Blanchet, Pierre/0000-0002-6348-0289 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0018-3768 J9 EUR J WOOD WOOD PROD JI Eur. J. Wood Wood Prod. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 69 IS 4 BP 511 EP 519 DI 10.1007/s00107-010-0477-z PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 832FI UT WOS:000295787600001 ER PT J AU Knothe, G Steidley, KR AF Knothe, Gerhard Steidley, Kevin R. TI Kinematic viscosity of fatty acid methyl esters: Prediction, calculated viscosity contribution of esters with unavailable data, and carbon-oxygen equivalents SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; Diesel fuel; Fatty acid alkyl esters; Hydrocarbons; Kinematic viscosity ID MIXTURE TOPOLOGICAL INDEX; BIODIESEL FUELS; BINARY-MIXTURES; VEGETABLE-OILS; DIESEL FUEL; BLENDS; TEMPERATURES; COMPONENTS; DENSITIES; SYSTEMS AB Many properties of biodiesel, the mono-alkyl esters of vegetable oils, animal fats or other triacylglycerol-containing feedstocks, are largely determined by its major components, the fatty acid alkyl esters. Therefore, information on the properties of individual components and their interaction is essential to understanding and predicting the properties of biodiesel fuels. Viscosity, which affects flow and combustion of a fuel, is such a property. In previous literature, the effect of the structure of fatty esters on viscosity was discussed. However, these data are largely confined to esters with an even number of carbon atoms in the chain and that are liquid at 40 degrees C. To gain a better understanding of kinematic viscosity, this work additionally reports data on esters with an odd number of carbons in the fatty acid chain and some unsaturated fatty esters. Furthermore, the kinematic viscosity of some biodiesel fuels is affected by components that are solids at 40 degrees C. A method based on polynomial regression for determining the calculated viscosity contribution (CVC) of esters that are solid at 40 degrees C (saturated esters in the C(20)-C(24) range) or esters that are liquids but not available in pure form is presented as these values are essential for predicting the kinematic viscosity of mixtures containing such esters. The kinematic viscosity data of esters are compared to those of aliphatic hydrocarbons in the C(6)-C(18) range and those of dimethyl diesters. The increase of kinematic viscosity with increasing number of CH(2) groups in the chain is non-linear and depends on the terminal functional groups, chain length and double bonds. To illustrate this effect, carbon-oxygen equivalents (COE) are used in which the numbers of carbon and oxygen atoms are added. A straightforward equation, taking into account only the amounts and kinematic viscosity values of the individual neat components, suffices to predict the viscosity of mixtures of fatty esters (biodiesel) at a given temperature. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Knothe, Gerhard; Steidley, Kevin R.] ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCAUR, 1815N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM gerhard.knothe@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD NOV PY 2011 VL 90 IS 11 BP 3217 EP 3224 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.06.016 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 831MD UT WOS:000295734200010 ER PT J AU de Wit, E Munster, VJ Metwally, SA Feldmann, H AF de Wit, Emmie Munster, Vincent J. Metwally, Samia A. Feldmann, Heinz TI Assessment of Rodents as Animal Models for Reston Ebolavirus SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MOUSE MODEL; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; VIRUS; PHILIPPINES; FILOVIRUS; INFECTION; HOST AB The emergence of Reston ebolavirus (REBOV) in domestic swine in the Philippines has caused a renewed interest in REBOV pathogenicity. Here, the use of different rodent species as animal disease models for REBOV was investigated. BALB/c and STAT1(-/-) mice, Hartley guinea pigs, and Syrian hamsters were inoculated intraperitoneally with REBOV strain Pennsylvania or Reston08-A. Although virus replication occurred in guinea pigs, hamsters, and STAT1(-/-) mice, progression to disease was only observed in STAT1(-/-) mice. Moreover, REBOV Pennsylvania was more pathogenic than REBOV Reston08-A in this model. Thus, STAT1(-/-) mice may be used for research of REBOV pathogenicity and intervention strategies. C1 [Feldmann, Heinz] NIAID, Virol Lab, Div Intramural Res, NIH,Rocky Mt Labs, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. [Metwally, Samia A.] USDA, Food & Agr Org Reference Ctr Vesicular Dis, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv,Foreign Anim Dis D, Natl Vet Serv Labs,Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY USA. RP Feldmann, H (reprint author), NIAID, Virol Lab, Div Intramural Res, NIH,Rocky Mt Labs, 903 S 4th St, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. EM feldmannh@niaid.nih.gov OI de Wit, Emmie/0000-0002-9763-7758; Munster, Vincent/0000-0002-2288-3196 FU Division of Intramural Research of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health FX This work was supported by the Division of Intramural Research of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 204 SU 3 BP S968 EP S972 DI 10.1093/infdis/jir330 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 834VD UT WOS:000295991400031 PM 21987777 ER PT J AU Kufel, JZ Resnick, BA Fox, M Frattaroli, S Gielen, A Burke, TA AF Kufel, Joanna Zablotsky Resnick, Beth A. Fox, Mary Frattaroli, Shannon Gielen, Andrea Burke, Thomas A. TI Local Food Protection and Safety Infrastructure and Capacity: A Maryland Case Study SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE environmental public health; food safety and protection; infrastructure; local capacity; public health services and systems research AB Introduction: In Maryland, county Food Protection Programs (FPP), housed within Environmental Public Health (EPH) Divisions, maintain responsibility for regular inspection of all food service facilities (FSF). With growing concerns about how our food supply is protected, it is important to determine the state and effectiveness of our food safety systems. This research elucidates the roles, responsibilities, strengths, and weaknesses of Food Safety and Protection Programs in Maryland. Methods: A 16-question survey tool, which addressed facets of the local food protection infrastructure, including FSF inspections, staffing, budget, and foodborne illness surveillance, was distributed to all 24 county FPP. Results: The number of FSF in Maryland increased 97% from 2001 to 2006 and counties had an average inspection completion rate of 73%, with a 4% increase over the time period. Statewide, there were 4.1 EPH full-time employees (FTE) per 10 000 population and 1.6 FPP FTE per 10 000 population. EPH Division budgets increased 63% statewide, from $19.5 million in 2000 to $31.9 million in 2007. FPP budgets also increased 59% over the period, from $6.2 million in 2000 to $9.8 million in 2007. Conclusions: This study offers new quantitative measures of the demands, capacities, and performance of Food Protection and Safety Programs in Maryland. This assessment of local EPH and FPP capacity also offers insight into the strengths and weaknesses of the local food protection and safety infrastructure. Importantly, it reveals an infrastructure and dedicated food protection workforce that inspects the food supply and responds to foodborne illness outbreaks. Yet, resources vary substantially from county to county, impacting which services can be provided and how well they can be performed. This can, in turn, impact the potential risk of foodborne illness and the public's overall health. C1 [Kufel, Joanna Zablotsky] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, ODIFP, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Resnick, Beth A.; Burke, Thomas A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Off Publ Hlth Practice & Training, Baltimore, MD USA. [Resnick, Beth A.; Burke, Thomas A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, MHS Program Hlth Policy, Baltimore, MD USA. [Resnick, Beth A.; Fox, Mary; Frattaroli, Shannon; Burke, Thomas A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD USA. [Gielen, Andrea] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Soc, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Kufel, JZ (reprint author), US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, ODIFP, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM jozab78@hotmail.com NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 17 IS 6 BP 534 EP 541 DI 10.1097/PHH.0b013e318211b47b PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 827BI UT WOS:000295400100011 PM 21964366 ER PT J AU Justo, A Minnis, AM Ghignone, S Menolli, N Capelari, M Rodriguez, O Malysheva, E Contu, M Vizzini, A AF Justo, Alfredo Minnis, Andrew M. Ghignone, Stefano Menolli, Nelson, Jr. Capelari, Marina Rodriguez, Olivia Malysheva, Ekaterina Contu, Marco Vizzini, Alfredo TI Species recognition in Pluteus and Volvopluteus (Pluteaceae, Agaricales): morphology, geography and phylogeny SO MYCOLOGICAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity; ITS; Phylogeny; Pluteus; Species delimitation; Volvopluteus ID SECTION PLUTEUS; UNITED-STATES; ANNOTATED CHECKLIST; IBERIAN PENINSULA; BALEARIC-ISLANDS; FUNGI; VOLVARIELLA; EUROPE; DELIMITATION; RECORDS AB The phylogeny of several species-complexes of the genera Pluteus and Volvopluteus (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) was investigated using molecular data (ITS) and the consequences for taxonomy, nomenclature and morphological species recognition in these groups were evaluated. Conflicts between morphological and molecular delimitation were detected in sect. Pluteus, especially for taxa in the cervinus-petasatus clade with clamp-connections or white basidiocarps. Some species of sect. Celluloderma are apparently widely distributed in Europe, North America and Asia, either with (P. aurantiorugosus, P. chrysophlebius, P. fenzlii, P. phlebophorus) or without (P. romellii) molecular differentiation in collections from different continents. A lectotype and a supporting epitype are designated for Pluteus cervinus, the type species of the genus. The name Pluteus chrysophlebius is accepted as the correct name for the species in sect. Celluloderma, also known under the names P. admirabilis and P. chrysophaeus. A lectotype is designated for the latter. Pluteus saupei and Pluteus heteromarginatus, from the USA, P. castri, from Russia and Japan, and Volvopluteus asiaticus, from Japan, are described as new. A complete description and a new name, Pluteus losulus, are given for the African P. cervinus var. ealaensis. The American Volvopluteus michiganensis is described in detail. Taxonomic comments and a morphology-based key to all known species of Volvopluteus are provided. C1 [Justo, Alfredo] Clark Univ, Dept Biol, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Minnis, Andrew M.] ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ghignone, Stefano] CNR Sez Torino, Inst Prot Piante, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Menolli, Nelson, Jr.; Capelari, Marina] Inst Bot, Nucleo Pesquisa Micol, BR-01063197 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Menolli, Nelson, Jr.] Inst Fed Educ Ciencia & Tecnol Sao Paulo, BR-01109010 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Rodriguez, Olivia] Univ Guadalajara, Dept Bot & Zool, Zapopan Jal 45101, Mexico. [Malysheva, Ekaterina] VL Komarov Bot Inst, RUS-197376 St Petersburg, Russia. [Vizzini, Alfredo] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Biol Vegetale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. RP Justo, A (reprint author), Clark Univ, Dept Biol, 950 Main St, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. EM ajusto@clarku.edu; Drew.Minnis@ars.usda.gov; stefano.ghignone@unito.it; menollijr@yahoo.com.br; mcapelariibot@yahoo.com; oliviaramx@yahoo.com; ef.malysheva@gmail.com; mecontu@interfree.it; alfredo.vizzini@unito.it RI Malysheva, Ekaterina/H-5582-2013; Menolli Jr, Nelson/N-3478-2013; Capelari, Marina /D-4886-2015; Ghignone, Stefano/B-8288-2008; OI Malysheva, Ekaterina/0000-0002-8507-2083; Ghignone, Stefano/0000-0002-2033-2286; Vizzini, Alfredo/0000-0001-8390-6446 FU Autonomous Government of Galicia (Spain); NSF [DEB0933081]; Mycological Society of America; FAPESP [04/04319-2] FX The curators of BR, CBM, EIU, F, ILLS, LOU, MA, MICH, NYBG, REG, SIU, SP and TNSF are gratefully acknowledged for managing the loans of their respective collections. The assistance of Nathan Kallen in the lab bench made this work much easier. The technical support of and helpful discussions with Manfred Binder are greatly appreciated. Dimitris Floudas and Brian Seitzman helped with the collecting trips in Massachusetts and Florida. Comments from two reviewers helped to improve the manuscript. Financial support was received from a postdoctoral grant of the Autonomous Government of Galicia (Spain) to A. Justo and from the NSF grant DEB0933081. A. Minnis acknowledges the support from the Alexander H. and Helen V. Smith Research Fund (Mycological Society of America) and also D. Nickrent and S. Sipes (SIU) for providing lab supplies for earlier molecular work. N. Menolli and M. Capelari thank FAPESP (grant 04/04319-2) for the financial support. NR 66 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1617-416X J9 MYCOL PROG JI Mycol. Prog. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 10 IS 4 BP 453 EP 479 DI 10.1007/s11557-010-0716-z PG 27 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 830SQ UT WOS:000295677800007 ER PT J AU Dijkstra, FA Hutchinson, GL Reeder, JD LeCain, DR Morgan, JA AF Dijkstra, Feike A. Hutchinson, Gordon L. Reeder, Jean D. LeCain, Daniel R. Morgan, Jack A. TI Elevated CO2, but not defoliation, enhances N cycling and increases short-term soil N immobilization regardless of N addition in a semiarid grassland SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE N-15 tracer; Atmospheric CO2; Grazing; Nitrogen mineralization; Rangeland; Rhizosphere; Semiarid grassland; Soil nitrogen availability ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; NITROGEN LIMITATION; WATER RELATIONS; MICROBIAL FEEDBACKS; ROOT EXUDATION; LOLIUM-PERENNE; PLANT-RESPONSE; STEPPE; ALLOCATION AB Elevated CO2 and defoliation effects on nitrogen (N) cycling in rangeland soils remain poorly understood. Here we tested whether effects of elevated CO2 (720 mu l L-1) and defoliation (clipping to 2.5 cm height) on N cycling depended on soil N availability (addition of 1 vs. 11 g N m(-2)) in intact mesocosms extracted from a semiarid grassland. Mesocosms were kept inside growth chambers for one growing season, and the experiment was repeated the next year. We added N-15 (1 g m(-2)) to all mesocosms at the start of the growing season. We measured total N and N-15 in plant, soil inorganic, microbial and soil organic pools at different times of the growing season. We combined the plant, soil inorganic, and microbial N pools into one pool (PIM-N pool) to separate biotic + inorganic from abiotic N residing in soil organic matter (SOM). With the N-15 measurements we were then able to calculate transfer rates of N from the active PIM-N pool into SOM (soil N immobilization) and vice versa (soil N mobilization) throughout the growing season. We observed significant interactive effects of elevated CO2 with N addition and defoliation with N addition on soil N mobilization and immobilization. However, no interactive effects were observed for net transfer rates. Net N transfer from the PIM-N pool into SOM increased under elevated CO2, but was unaffected by defoliation. Elevated CO2 and defoliation effects on the net transfer of N into SOM may not depend on soil N availability in semiarid grasslands, but may depend on the balance of root litter production affecting soil N immobilization and root exudation affecting soil N mobilization. We observed no interactive effects of elevated CO2 with defoliation. We conclude that elevated CO2, but not defoliation, may limit plant productivity in the long-term through increased soil N immobilization. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dijkstra, Feike A.] Univ Sydney, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia. [Hutchinson, Gordon L.; Reeder, Jean D.; LeCain, Daniel R.; Morgan, Jack A.] ARS, USDA, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Dijkstra, FA (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Level 4,Biomed Bldg,1 Cent Ave,Australian Technol, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia. EM feike.dijkstra@sydney.edu.au RI Dijkstra, Feike/H-2182-2012; OI Dijkstra, Feike/0000-0002-6191-6018 NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 43 IS 11 BP 2247 EP 2256 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.07.017 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 831QH UT WOS:000295745700006 ER PT J AU Litton, CM Giardina, CP Albano, JK Long, MS Asner, GP AF Litton, Creighton M. Giardina, Christian P. Albano, Jeremy K. Long, Michael S. Asner, Gregory P. TI The magnitude and variability of soil-surface CO2 efflux increase with mean annual temperature in Hawaiian tropical montane wet forests SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Hawaii; Mean annual temperature (MAT); Soil-surface CO2 efflux - 'soil respiration' - F-s; Spatial and diel variability; Tropical montane wet forests ID GROUND CARBON ALLOCATION; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; PINE PLANTATION; RAIN-FORESTS; RESPIRATION; ECOSYSTEMS; FLUX; ROOT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Soil-surface CO2 efflux (F-s: 'soil respiration') accounts for >= 50% of the CO2 released annually by the terrestrial biosphere to the atmosphere, and the magnitude and variability of this flux are likely to be sensitive to climate change. We measured F-s in nine permanent plots along a 5.2 degrees C mean annual temperature (MAT) gradient (13-18.2 degrees C) in Hawaiian tropical montane wet forests where substrate type and age, soil type, soil water balance, disturbance history, and canopy vegetation are constant. The objectives of this study were to quantify how the (i) magnitude, (ii) plot-level spatial variability, and (iii) plot-level diel variability of F-s vary with MAT. To address the first objective, annual F-s budgets were constructed by measuring instantaneous F-s monthly in all plots for one year. For the second objective, we compared plot-level mean instantaneous F-s in six plots derived from 8 versus 16 measurements, and conducted a power analysis to determine adequate sample sizes. For the third objective, we measured instantaneous F-s hourly for 24 h in three plots (cool, intermediate and warm MATs). The magnitude of annual F-s and the spatial variability of plot-level instantaneous F-s increased linearly with MAT, likely due to concomitant increases in stand productivity. Mean plot-level instantaneous F-s from 8 versus 16 measurements per plot yielded statistically similar patterns. The number of samples required to estimate plot-level instantaneous F-s within 10% and 20% of the actual mean increased with MAT. In two of three plots examined, diel variability in instantaneous F-s was significantly correlated with soil temperature but minimal diel fluctuations in soil temperature (<0.6 C) resulted in minimal did l variability in F-s. Our results suggest that as MAT increases in tropical montane wet forests, F-s will increase and become more spatially variable if ecosystem characteristics and functioning undergo concurrent changes as measured along this gradient. However, did l variation in F-s will remain a minor component of overall plot-level variation. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Litton, Creighton M.; Albano, Jeremy K.; Long, Michael S.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Giardina, Christian P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Pacific SW Res Stn, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Asner, Gregory P.] Carnegie Inst, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Litton, CM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, 1910 E W Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM litton@hawaii.edu; cgiardina@fs.fed.us; gpa@stanford.edu RI Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011; Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013 OI Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073; Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0816486]; USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station [09-JV-11272177-029]; College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa (USDA) [HAW00132-H, HAW00188-M]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX This study was funded by the National Science Foundation (Ecosystem Science Program; DEB-0816486); the USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station (Research Joint Venture 09-JV-11272177-029); and the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa (USDA CSREES HAW00132-H and HAW00188-M). Airborne data collection and analysis was funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. The Carnegie Airborne Observatory is made possible by the W.M. Keck Foundation and William Hearst III. We thank the USDA Forest Service and State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources Division of Forestry and Wildlife for access to the Hawaii Experimental Tropical Forest, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for access to the Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge; Sharon Ziegler-Chong, Ulu Ching and Noelani Puniwai of the University of Hawaii at Hilo-Pacific Internship Program for Exploring Science (UH-PIPES) for logistical support; Darcey Iwashita, Rachel Moseley, Bernice Hwang, Cheyenne Perry, Jennifer Johansen, and Kevin Kaneshiro for field assistance; and Drs. Andy Taylor (University of Hawaii at Manoa) and Ken Gerow (University of Wyoming) for advice on data analyses. Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments during the review process. NR 57 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 43 IS 11 BP 2315 EP 2323 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.004 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 831QH UT WOS:000295745700014 ER PT J AU Levy, JK Friary, JA Miller, LA Tucker, SJ Fagerstone, KA AF Levy, Julie K. Friary, John A. Miller, Lowell A. Tucker, Sylvia J. Fagerstone, Kathleen A. TI Long-term fertility control in female cats with GonaCon (TM), a GnRH immunocontraceptive SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Immunocontraception; Contraception; GonaCon; GnRH; Anti-GnRH vaccination; Cat ID TRAP-NEUTER-RETURN; MATRIX POPULATION-MODELS; FELIS-CATUS; FERAL CATS; DOMESTIC CATS; PROGRAMS; VACCINE; CONTRACEPTION; EUTHANASIA; EFFICACY AB The uncontrolled reproduction of free-roaming feral cats contributes to overpopulation and associated concerns regarding their welfare and impact on public health and the environment. Nonsurgical fertility control that could be administered to feral cats in the field would be a powerful tool for cat population control. The objective was to test the efficacy and duration of activity of a single-dose GnRH immunocontraceptive vaccine (GonaCon (TM)) on the fertility of adult female laboratory cats. Vaccinated cats (n = 15) received a single injection of vaccine containing a GnRH-KLH conjugate (200 mu g) emulsified in a mycobacterial and oil adjuvant on study Day 0. Sham-treated cats (n = 5) received a single injection containing all vaccine components except the GnRH-KLH conjugate. A breeding trial started on study Day 120. Vaccinated cats had a longer time to conception (median 39.7 mo) compared to sham-treated cats (4.4 mo; P < 0.001). A total of 93% of vaccinated cats remained infertile for the first year following vaccination, whereas 73, 53, and 40% were infertile for 2, 3, and 4 y, respectively. At study termination (5 y after a single GnRH vaccine was administered), four cats (27%) remained infertile. The GnRH antibody titers declined more rapidly in short-term responding cats with < 2 y of infertility (n = 4), compared to long-term responding cats that experienced fertility control for >2 y (n = 11) (P < 0.05). Non-painful but persistent late-onset granulomatous injection site masses appeared 2 y after initial vaccination in five cats. We concluded that GnRH immunocontraception is an ideal candidate for further development for feral cat control. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Levy, Julie K.; Friary, John A.; Tucker, Sylvia J.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Maddies Shelter Med Program, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Miller, Lowell A.; Fagerstone, Kathleen A.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Levy, JK (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Maddies Shelter Med Program, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM levyjk@ufl.edu FU Morris Animal Foundation FX Supported by a grant from the Morris Animal Foundation. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD NOV PY 2011 VL 76 IS 8 BP 1517 EP 1525 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.06.022 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 833VU UT WOS:000295913900017 PM 21835455 ER PT J AU Cho, KH Sthiannopkao, S Pachepsky, YA Kim, KW Kim, JH AF Cho, Kyung Hum Sthiannopkao, Suthipong Pachepsky, Yakou A. Kim, Kyoung-Woong Kim, Joon Ha TI Prediction of contamination potential of groundwater arsenic in Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand using artificial neural network SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Multiple linear regression; Principal component regression; Artificial neural network; Principal component-artificial neural network ID MEKONG RIVER DELTA; REGRESSION-MODELS; SOUTHERN VIETNAM; DRINKING-WATER; SEDIMENTS; INDIA; PARAMETERS; MANAGEMENT; PROVINCE; REMOVAL AB The arsenic (As) contamination of groundwater has increasingly been recognized as a major global issue of concern. As groundwater resources are one of most important freshwater sources for water supplies in Southeast Asian countries, it is important to investigate the spatial distribution of As contamination and evaluate the health risk of As for these countries. The detection of As contamination in groundwater resources, however, can create a substantial labor and cost burden for Southeast Asian countries. Therefore, modeling approaches for As concentration using conventional on-site measurement data can be an alternative to quantify the As contamination. The objective of this study is to evaluate the predictive performance of four different models; specifically, multiple linear regression (MLR), principal component regression (PCR), artificial neural network (ANN), and the combination of principal components and an artificial neural network (PC-ANN) in the prediction of As concentration, and to provide assessment tools for Southeast Asian countries including Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand. The modeling results show that the prediction accuracy of PC-ANN (Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficients: 0.98 (traning step) and 0.71 (validation step)) is superior among the four different models. This finding can be explained by the fact that the PC-ANN not only solves the problem of collinearity of input variables, but also reflects the presence of high variability in observed As concentrations. We expect that the model developed in this work can be used to predict As concentrations using conventional water quality data obtained from on-site measurements, and can further provide reliable and predictive information for public health management policies. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Kyoung-Woong; Kim, Joon Ha] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. [Cho, Kyung Hum] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Sthiannopkao, Suthipong] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Pachepsky, Yakou A.] ARS, USDA, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kim, Joon Ha] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Sustainable Water Resource Technol Ctr, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, 261 Cheomdan Gwagiro, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. EM joonkim@gist.ac.kr OI Kim, Kyoung-Woong/0000-0002-1864-3392; Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Korea [2010-0011822] FX This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Korea (No. 2010-0011822). We would also like to acknowledge the assistance of the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs (MLTMA), and the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). NR 45 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 17 BP 5535 EP 5544 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2011.08.010 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 833OK UT WOS:000295894600019 PM 21917287 ER PT J AU Adams, SH AF Adams, Sean H. TI Emerging Perspectives on Essential Amino Acid Metabolism in Obesity and the Insulin-Resistant State SO ADVANCES IN NUTRITION LA English DT Review AB Dysregulation of insulin action is most often considered in the context of impaired glucose homeostasis, with the defining feature of diabetes mellitus being elevated blood glucose concentration. Complications arising from the hyperglycemia accompanying frank diabetes are well known and epidemiological studies point to higher risk toward development of metabolic disease in persons with impaired glucose tolerance. Although the central role of proper blood sugar control in maintaining metabolic health is well established, recent developments have begun to shed light on associations between compromised insulin action (obesity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)] and altered intermediary metabolism of fats and amino acids. For amino acids, changes in blood concentrations of select essential amino acids and their derivatives, in particular BCAA, sulfur amino acids, tyrosine, and phenylalanine, are apparent with obesity and insulin resistance, often before the onset of clinically diagnosed T2DM. This review provides an overview of these changes and places recent observations from metabolomics research into the context of historical reports in the areas of biochemistry and nutritional biology. Based on this synthesis, a model is proposed that links the FFA-rich environment of obesity/insulin resistance and T2DM with diminution of BCAA catabolic enzyme activity, changes in methionine oxidation and cysteine/cystine generation, and tissue redox balance (NADH/NAD+). Adv. Nutr. 2: 445-456, 2011. C1 [Adams, Sean H.] Univ Calif Davis, Obes & Metab Res Unit, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Adams, Sean H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Adams, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Obes & Metab Res Unit, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sean.h.adams@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS Intramural Project [5306-51530-019-00]; NIH-NIDDK [R01DK078328-01, R01DK078328-0251]; ILSI Future Leader Award; National Dairy Council FX Supported by the USDA-ARS Intramural Project 5306-51530-019-00, NIH-NIDDK R01DK078328-01 and R01DK078328-0251, ILSI Future Leader Award, and the National Dairy Council (grant administered by the Dairy Research Institute). The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 139 TC 114 Z9 115 U1 6 U2 37 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2161-8313 J9 ADV NUTR JI Adv. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 2 IS 6 BP 445 EP 456 DI 10.3945/an.111.000737 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA V27BV UT WOS:000208589600001 PM 22332087 ER PT J AU Wolken, JM Hollingsworth, TN Rupp, TS Chapin, FS Trainor, SF Barrett, TM Sullivan, PF McGuire, AD Euskirchen, ES Hennon, PE Beever, EA Conn, JS Crone, LK D'Amore, DV Fresco, N Hanley, TA Kielland, K Kruse, JJ Patterson, T Schuur, EAG Verbyla, DL Yarie, J AF Wolken, Jane M. Hollingsworth, Teresa N. Rupp, T. Scott Chapin, F. Stuart, III Trainor, Sarah F. Barrett, Tara M. Sullivan, Patrick F. McGuire, A. David Euskirchen, Eugenie S. Hennon, Paul E. Beever, Erik A. Conn, Jeff S. Crone, Lisa K. D'Amore, David V. Fresco, Nancy Hanley, Thomas A. Kielland, Knut Kruse, James J. Patterson, Trista Schuur, Edward A. G. Verbyla, David L. Yarie, John TI Evidence and implications of recent and projected climate change in Alaska's forest ecosystems SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Alaska; boreal forest; climate change; climate projections; coastal-temperate forest; conceptual framework; disturbance regime; ecosystem services; insects and disease; invasive species; permafrost; wildfire ID SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; KENAI PENINSULA LOWLANDS; SPAWNING PACIFIC SALMON; YELLOW-CEDAR DECLINE; BLACK SPRUCE FOREST; SOIL BURN SEVERITY; INTERIOR ALASKA; BOREAL FOREST; WHITE SPRUCE; SUCCESSIONAL CHRONOSEQUENCE AB The structure and function of Alaska's forests have changed significantly in response to a changing climate, including alterations in species composition and climate feedbacks (e. g., carbon, radiation budgets) that have important regional societal consequences and human feedbacks to forest ecosystems. In this paper we present the first comprehensive synthesis of climate-change impacts on all forested ecosystems of Alaska, highlighting changes in the most critical biophysical factors of each region. We developed a conceptual framework describing climate drivers, biophysical factors and types of change to illustrate how the biophysical and social subsystems of Alaskan forests interact and respond directly and indirectly to a changing climate. We then identify the regional and global implications to the climate system and associated socio-economic impacts, as presented in the current literature. Projections of temperature and precipitation suggest wildfire will continue to be the dominant biophysical factor in the Interior-boreal forest, leading to shifts from conifer-to deciduous-dominated forests. Based on existing research, projected increases in temperature in the Southcentral- and Kenai-boreal forests will likely increase the frequency and severity of insect outbreaks and associated wildfires, and increase the probability of establishment by invasive plant species. In the Coastal-temperate forest region snow and ice is regarded as the dominant biophysical factor. With continued warming, hydrologic changes related to more rapidly melting glaciers and rising elevation of the winter snowline will alter discharge in many rivers, which will have important consequences for terrestrial and marine ecosystem productivity. These climate-related changes will affect plant species distribution and wildlife habitat, which have regional societal consequences, and trace-gas emissions and radiation budgets, which are globally important. Our conceptual framework facilitates assessment of current and future consequences of a changing climate, emphasizes regional differences in biophysical factors, and points to linkages that may exist but that currently lack supporting research. The framework also serves as a visual tool for resource managers and policy makers to develop regional and global management strategies and to inform policies related to climate mitigation and adaptation. C1 [Wolken, Jane M.; Rupp, T. Scott; Fresco, Nancy] Univ Alaska, Scenarios Network Alaska & Arctic Planning, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Hollingsworth, Teresa N.] Univ Alaska, US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn,Boreal Ecol Cooperat Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Chapin, F. Stuart, III; Euskirchen, Eugenie S.; Kielland, Knut] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Trainor, Sarah F.] Univ Alaska, Alaska Ctr Climate Assessment & Policy, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Barrett, Tara M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Anchorage Forestry Sci Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Sullivan, Patrick F.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hennon, Paul E.; D'Amore, David V.; Hanley, Thomas A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Beever, Erik A.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Conn, Jeff S.] Univ Alaska, ARS, USDA, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Crone, Lisa K.; Patterson, Trista] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Alaska Wood Utilizat Res & Dev Ctr, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. [Kruse, James J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Fairbanks Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Schuur, Edward A. G.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Verbyla, David L.; Yarie, John] Univ Alaska, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Dept Forest Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Wolken, JM (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Scenarios Network Alaska & Arctic Planning, 3352 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM jmwolken@alaska.edu FU Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service JVA [09-JV-11261952-015]; Bonanza Creek LTER (Long-Term Ecological Research) program; National Science Foundation [DEB-0423442]; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station [PNW01-JV11261952-231] FX We thank Daniel Mann and John Laurence for reviews of earlier drafts of the manuscript, Tom Kurkowski for creating maps, Brooke Gamble for arranging meetings, Kimberley Maher for work on initial outlines of the paper, and the two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful and rigorous comments. The research in this paper was supported by the Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service JVA (#09-JV-11261952-015). Additional support was provided by the Bonanza Creek LTER (Long-Term Ecological Research) program funded jointly by the National Science Foundation (grant DEB-0423442) and the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station (grant PNW01-JV11261952-231). NR 236 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 15 U2 75 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD NOV PY 2011 VL 2 IS 11 AR UNSP 124 DI 10.1890/ES11-00288.1 PG 35 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V30JB UT WOS:000208811200005 ER PT J AU Brown, AN Lauter, N Vera, DL McLaughlin-Large, KA Steele, TM Fredette, NC Bass, HW AF Brown, Amber N. Lauter, Nick Vera, Daniel L. McLaughlin-Large, Karen A. Steele, Tace M. Fredette, Natalie C. Bass, Hank W. TI QTL Mapping and Candidate Gene Analysis of Telomere Length Control Factors in Maize (Zea mays L.) SO G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS LA English DT Article DE IBM; TRF; plant; telomerase; B73 ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; STRAND BREAK REPAIR; BINDING PROTEINS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; GENOMIC INSTABILITY; DNA FRAGMENTS; COMPLEX; MAINTENANCE AB Telomere length is a quantitative trait important for many cellular functions. Failure to regulate telomere length contributes to genomic instability, cellular senescence, cancer, and apoptosis in humans, but the functional significance of telomere regulation in plants is much less well understood. To gain a better understanding of telomere biology in plants, we used quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping to identify genetic elements that control telomere length variation in maize (Zea mays L.). For this purpose, we measured the median and mean telomere lengths from 178 recombinant inbred lines of the IBM mapping population and found multiple regions that collectively accounted for 33-38% of the variation in telomere length. Two-way analysis of variance revealed interaction between the quantitative trait loci at genetic bin positions 2.09 and 5.04. Candidate genes within these and other significant QTL intervals, along with select genes known a priori to regulate telomere length, were tested for correlations between expression levels and telomere length in the IBM population and diverse inbred lines by quantitative real-time PCR. A slight but significant positive correlation between expression levels and telomere length was observed for many of the candidate genes, but Ibp2 was a notable exception, showing instead a negative correlation. A rad51-like protein (TEL-MD_5.04) was strongly supported as a candidate gene by several lines of evidence. Our results highlight the value of QTL mapping plus candidate gene expression analysis in a genetically diverse model system for telomere research. C1 [Brown, Amber N.; Vera, Daniel L.; McLaughlin-Large, Karen A.; Steele, Tace M.; Fredette, Natalie C.; Bass, Hank W.] Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Lauter, Nick] Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lauter, Nick] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bass, HW (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, B-157, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM bass@bio.fsu.edu RI Brown, Amber/G-4543-2012 FU National Science Foundation [MCB-0091095] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant MCB-0091095 (to H. W. B.). We thank D. M. Figueroa, G. H. Hoffman, E. S. Howe, and S. P. Murphy for critical reading and helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 110 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2160-1836 J9 G3-GENES GENOM GENET JI G3-Genes Genomes Genet. PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 1 IS 6 BP 437 EP 450 DI 10.1534/g3.111.000703 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 055IP UT WOS:000312409400004 PM 22384354 ER PT J AU Marshall, JM Storer, AJ Fraser, I Mastro, VC AF Marshall, J. M. Storer, A. J. Fraser, I. Mastro, V. C. TI A predictive model for detection of Agrilus planipennis (Col., Buprestidae) larvae in girdled ash (Fraxinus spp.) (vol 135, pg 91, 2011) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Correction DE Fraxinus; emerald ash borer; invasive species C1 [Fraser, I.] USDA, APHIS PPQ, Emerald Ash Borer Project, Brighton, MI USA. [Marshall, J. M.; Storer, A. J.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Mastro, V. C.] USDA, APHIS PPQ, Pest Survey Detect & Exclus Lab, Otis Angb, MA USA. RP Marshall, JM (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Cooperat Emerald Ash Borer Project, 5936 Ford Court,Suite 200, Brighton, MI 48116 USA. EM jmmarsha@mtu.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 135 IS 9 BP 714 EP 714 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2010.01582.x PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 851ST UT WOS:000297291900008 ER PT J AU Mamidi, S Chikara, S Goos, RJ Hyten, DL Annam, D Moghaddam, SM Lee, RK Cregan, PB McClean, PE AF Mamidi, Sujan Chikara, Shireen Goos, R. Jay Hyten, David L. Annam, Deepti Moghaddam, Samira Mafi Lee, Rian K. Cregan, Perry B. McClean, Phillip E. TI Genome-Wide Association Analysis Identifies Candidate Genes Associated with Iron Deficiency Chlorosis in Soybean SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article ID LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENOTYPE DATA; MODEL; LOCI; RESISTANCE; MARKERS; SAMPLES; LINES; US AB Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) is a significant yield-limiting problem in several major soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production regions in the United States. Soybean plants display a variety of symptoms that range from a slight yellowing of the leaf to interveinal chlorosis, to stunted growth that reduces yield. The objective of this analysis was to employ single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based genome-wide association mapping to uncover genomic regions associated with IDC tolerance. Two populations [2005 (n = 143) and 2006 (n = 141)] were evaluated in replicated, multilocation IDC trials. After controlling for population structure and individual relatedness, and selecting statistical models that minimized false positives, 42 and 88 loci, with minor allele frequency >10%, were significant in 2005 and 2006, respectively. The loci accounted for 74.5% of the phenotypic variation in IDC in2005 and 93.8% of the variation in 2006. Nine loci from seven genomic locations were significant in both years. These loci accounted for 43.7% of the variation in 2005 and 47.6% in 2006. A number of the loci discovered here mapped at or near previously discovered IDC quantitative trait loci (QTL). A total of 15 genes known to be involved in iron metabolism mapped in the vicinity (<500 kb) of significant markers in one or both populations. C1 [Mamidi, Sujan; Chikara, Shireen; Moghaddam, Samira Mafi; Lee, Rian K.; McClean, Phillip E.] N Dakota State Univ, Genom & Bioinformat Program, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Mamidi, Sujan; Chikara, Shireen; Moghaddam, Samira Mafi; Lee, Rian K.; McClean, Phillip E.] N Dakota State Univ, Dep Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Goos, R. Jay] N Dakota State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Cregan, Perry B.] USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Annam, Deepti] N Dakota State Univ, Dep Stat, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP McClean, PE (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Genom & Bioinformat Program, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM phillip.mcclean@ndsu.edu OI mamidi, sujan/0000-0002-3837-6121 FU North Central Soybean Research Program FX We thank Mohamed Mergoum for critically reviewing this manuscript. The project was supported by funds from the North Central Soybean Research Program. NR 38 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 21 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD NOV PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 154 EP 164 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2011.04.0011 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 058VA UT WOS:000312661700001 ER PT J AU Gutierrez-Gonzalez, JJ Garvin, DF AF Gutierrez-Gonzalez, Juan J. Garvin, David F. TI Reference Genome-Directed Resolution of Homologous and Homeologous Relationships within and between Different Oat Linkage Maps SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; AVENA-SATIVA L.; INTERGENOMIC TRANSLOCATIONS; DIPLOID AVENA; POLYPLOID WHEAT; CULTIVATED OAT; GENUS AVENA; RICE GENOME; CHROMOSOMES; EVOLUTION AB Genome research on oat (Avena sativa L.) has received less attention than wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) because it is a less prominent component of the human food system. To assess the potential of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon (L) P. Beauv. as a surrogate for oat genome research, the whole genome sequence (WGS) of B. distachyon was employed for comparative analysis with oat genetic linkage maps. Sequences of mapped molecular markers from one diploid Avena spp. and two hexaploid oat maps were aligned to the B. distachyon WGS to infer syntenic relationships. Diploid Avena and B. distachyon exhibit a high degree of synteny with 18 syntenic blocks covering 87% of the oat genome, which permitted postulation of an ancestral Avena spp. chromosome structure. Synteny between oat and B. distachyon was also prevalent, with 50 syntenic blocks covering 76.6% of the 'Kanota' x 'Ogle' linkage map. Coalignment of diploid and hexaploid maps to B. distachyon helped resolve homeologous relationships between different oat linkage groups but also revealed many major rearrangements in oat subgenomes. Extending the analysis to a second oat linkage map (Ogle x 'TAM O-301') allowed identification of several putative homologous linkage groups across the two oat populations. These results indicate that the B. distachyon genome sequence will be a useful resource to assist genetics and genomics research in oat. The analytical strategy employed here should be applicable for genome research in other temperate grass crops with modest amounts of genomic data. C1 [Garvin, David F.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dep Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Garvin, DF (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Cir, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM David.Garvin@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [CRIS 3640-21000-025-00D] FX The authors thank Dr. Howard Rines for critically reviewing the manuscript. This research was supported by USDA-ARS base funding (CRIS 3640-21000-025-00D). NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 18 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD NOV PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 178 EP 190 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2011.01.0004 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 058VA UT WOS:000312661700003 ER PT J AU Munoz-Amatriain, M Moscou, MJ Bhat, PR Svensson, JT Bartos, J Suchankova, P Simkova, H Endo, TR Fenton, RD Lonardi, S Castillo, AM Chao, SM Cistue, L Cuesta-Marcos, A Forrest, KL Hayden, MJ Hayes, PM Horsley, RD Makoto, K Moody, D Sato, K Valles, MP Wulff, BBH Muehlbauer, GJ Dolezel, J Close, TJ AF Munoz-Amatriain, Maria Moscou, Matthew J. Bhat, Prasanna R. Svensson, Jan T. Bartos, Jan Suchankova, Pavla Simkova, Hana Endo, Takashi R. Fenton, Raymond D. Lonardi, Stefano Castillo, Ana M. Chao, Shiaoman Cistue, Luis Cuesta-Marcos, Alfonso Forrest, Kerrie L. Hayden, Matthew J. Hayes, Patrick M. Horsley, Richard D. Makoto, Kihara Moody, David Sato, Kazuhiro Valles, Maria P. Wulff, Brande B. H. Muehlbauer, Gary J. Dolezel, Jaroslav Close, Timothy J. TI An Improved Consensus Linkage Map of Barley Based on Flow-Sorted Chromosomes and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article ID HEAD BLIGHT RESISTANCE; ADDITION LINES; GENETIC MAPS; GENOME; CONSTRUCTION; GERMPLASM; ARABIDOPSIS; POPULATION; LOCI; QTLS AB Recent advances in high-throughput genotyping have made it easier to combine information from different mapping populations into consensus genetic maps, which provide increased marker density and genome coverage compared to individual maps. Previously, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based genotyping platform was developed and used to genotype 373 individuals in four barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mapping populations. This led to a 2943 SNP consensus genetic map with 975 unique positions. In this work, we add data from six additional populations and more individuals from one of the original populations to develop an improved consensus map from 1133 individuals. A stringent and systematic analysis of each of the 10 populations was performed to achieve uniformity. This involved reexamination of the four populations included in the previous map. As a consequence, we present a robust consensus genetic map that contains 2994 SNP loci mapped to 1163 unique positions. The map spans 1137.3 cM with an average density of one marker bin per 0.99 cM. A novel application of the genotyping platform for gene detection allowed the assignment of 2930 genes to flow-sorted chromosomes or arms, confirmed the position of 2545 SNP-mapped loci, added chromosome or arm allocations to an additional 370 SNP loci, and delineated pericentromeric regions for chromosomes 2H to 7H. Marker order has been improved and map resolution has been increased by almost 20%. These increased precision outcomes enable more optimized SNP selection for marker-assisted breeding and support association genetic analysis and map-based cloning. It will also improve the anchoring of DNA sequence scaffolds and the barley physical map to the genetic map. C1 [Bhat, Prasanna R.; Svensson, Jan T.; Fenton, Raymond D.; Close, Timothy J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Munoz-Amatriain, Maria; Muehlbauer, Gary J.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Moscou, Matthew J.; Wulff, Brande B. H.] Sainsbury Lab, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. [Svensson, Jan T.] Univ Copenhagen, Dep Plant Biol, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Bartos, Jan; Suchankova, Pavla; Simkova, Hana; Dolezel, Jaroslav] Inst Expt Bot, Ctr Reg Hana Biotechnol & Agr Res, CZ-77200 Olomouc, Czech Republic. [Endo, Takashi R.] Kyoto Univ, Lab Plant Genet, Grad Sch Agr, Kyoto, Japan. [Lonardi, Stefano] Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Comp Sci & Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Castillo, Ana M.; Cistue, Luis; Valles, Maria P.] CSIC, Dept Genet & Prod Vegetal, Estn Expt Aula Dei, Zaragoza 50059, Spain. [Chao, Shiaoman] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Cistue, Luis; Cuesta-Marcos, Alfonso; Hayes, Patrick M.] Oregon State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Forrest, Kerrie L.; Hayden, Matthew J.] La Trobe R&D Pk, Dep Primary Ind Victoria, Victorian AgriBiosci Ctr, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. [Horsley, Richard D.] N Dakota State Univ, Dep Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Makoto, Kihara] Sapporo Breweries Ltd, Bioresources Res & Dev Dep, Ota, Gunma 3700393, Japan. [Moody, David] InterGrain Pty Ltd, Kensington, WA 6100, Australia. [Sato, Kazuhiro] Okayama Univ, Inst Plant Sci & Resources, Kurashiki, Okayama 7100046, Japan. RP Close, TJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM timothy.close@ucr.edu RI Wulff, Brande/C-7465-2013; Cistue, Luis/B-2574-2015; Wulff, Brande/N-4273-2013; Bartos, Jan/F-6071-2014; Simkova, Hana/F-7734-2014; Dolezel, Jaroslav/B-7716-2008; Valles, Maria Pilar/B-8918-2015; Castillo, Ana Maria/B-9417-2015; Moscou, Matthew/D-5266-2011 OI Wulff, Brande/0000-0003-4044-4346; Cistue, Luis/0000-0001-7970-8703; Simkova, Hana/0000-0003-4159-7619; Dolezel, Jaroslav/0000-0002-6263-0492; Valles, Maria Pilar/0000-0002-8649-2362; Castillo, Ana Maria/0000-0002-6143-3227; Moscou, Matthew/0000-0003-2098-6818 FU USA National Science Foundation [DBI-0321756]; Human Frontier Science Program [LT000218/2011-L]; Gatsby Charitable Foundation; Czech Ministry of Education Youth and Sports; European Regional Development Fund [LC06004, CZ.1.05/2.1.00/01.0007]; Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain [AGL2007-62930/AGR, GEN2006-28560]; Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Plant Genome, Genetics and Breeding Program of USDA's Cooperative State Research and Extension Service [2009-65300-05645] FX This work was supported by the USA National Science Foundation (DBI-0321756 to TJC and SL), the Human Frontier Science Program (LT000218/2011-L to MJM) and Gatsby Charitable Foundation (MJM and BBHW), the Czech Ministry of Education Youth and Sports and the European Regional Development Fund (LC06004 and CZ.1.05/2.1.00/01.0007 to JD, JB, HS and PS), the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain (AGL2007-62930/AGR and GEN2006-28560), and the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Plant Genome, Genetics and Breeding Program of USDA's Cooperative State Research and Extension Service (2009-65300-05645 to TJC, SL and GJM). Authors thank Dr. Adam J. Lukaszewski for seeds of wheat-barley addition lines. NR 54 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 22 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD NOV PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 238 EP 249 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2011.08.0023 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 058VA UT WOS:000312661700008 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, L Cuesta-Marcos, A Castro, AJ von Zitzewitz, J Schmitt, M Hayes, PM AF Gutierrez, Lucia Cuesta-Marcos, Alfonso Castro, Ariel J. von Zitzewitz, Jarislav Schmitt, Mark Hayes, Patrick M. TI Association Mapping of Malting Quality Quantitative Trait Loci in Winter Barley: Positive Signals from Small Germplasm Arrays SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article ID FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; SPATIAL GENETIC-STRUCTURE; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; QTL ANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL COVARIABLES; IMPROVEMENT; DISEQUILIBRIUM AB Malting quality comprises one of the most economically relevant set of traits in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). It is a complex phenotype, expensive and difficult to measure, that would benefit from a marker-assisted selection strategy. Malting quality is a target of the U.S. Barley Coordinated Agricultural Project (CAP) and development of winter habit malting barley varieties is a key objective of the U.S. barley research community. The objective of this work was to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for malting quality traits in a winter breeding program that is a component of the U.S. Barley CAP. We studied the association between five malting quality traits and 3072 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the barley oligonucleotide pool assay (BOPA) 1 and 2, assayed in advanced inbred lines from the Oregon State University (OSU) breeding program from three germplasm arrays (CAP I, CAP II, and CAP III). After comparing 16 models we selected a structured association model with posterior probabilities inferred from software STRUCTURE (QK) approach to use on all germplasm arrays. Most of the markertrait associations are germplasm- and environment-specific and close to previously mapped genes and QTL relevant for malt and beer quality. We found alleles fixed by random genetic drift, novel unmasked alleles, and genetic-background interaction. In a relatively small population size study we provide strong evidence for detecting true QTL. C1 [Gutierrez, Lucia] Univ Republica, Dep Stat, Coll Agr, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Cuesta-Marcos, Alfonso; Hayes, Patrick M.] Oregon State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Castro, Ariel J.] Univ Republica, Dep Crop Prod, Coll Agr, Montevideo 60000, Uruguay. [von Zitzewitz, Jarislav] Inst Nacl Invest Agr, Programa Nacl Invest Cultivos Secano, Est Exp Estanzuela, Colonia 70000, Uruguay. [Schmitt, Mark] USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Gutierrez, L (reprint author), Univ Republica, Dep Stat, Coll Agr, Garzon 780, Montevideo, Uruguay. EM luciag@fagro.edu.uy FU USDA-CSREES-NRI [2006-55606-16722]; CSIC-UDELAR; [FONTAGRO-0617] FX This research was supported by USDA-CSREES-NRI Grant No. 2006-55606-16722, "Barley Coordinated Agricultural Project: Leveraging Genomics, Genetics, and Breeding for Gene Discovery and Barley Improvement", CSIC-UDELAR, and FONTAGRO-0617. NR 66 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 20 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD NOV PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 256 EP 272 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2011.07.0020 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 058VA UT WOS:000312661700010 ER PT J AU Casler, MD Tobias, CM Kaeppler, SM Buell, CR Wang, ZY Cao, PJ Schmutz, J Ronald, P AF Casler, Michael D. Tobias, Christian M. Kaeppler, Shawn M. Buell, C. Robin Wang, Zeng-Yu Cao, Peijian Schmutz, Jeremy Ronald, Pamela TI The Switchgrass Genome: Tools and Strategies SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article ID PANICUM-VIRGATUM L.; GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; MARKERS; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; SELECTION; BIOMASS; FAMILY; FORAGE; CROPS AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a perennial grass species receiving significant focus as a potential bioenergy crop. In the last 5 yr the switchgrass research community has produced a genetic linkage map, an expressed sequence tag (EST) database, a set of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers that are distributed across the 18 linkage groups, 4x sampling of the P. virgatum AP13 genome in 400-bp reads, and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries containing over 200,000 clones. These studies have revealed close collinearity of the switchgrass genome with those of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], rice (Oryza sativa L.), and Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P. Beauv. Switchgrass researchers have also developed several microarray technologies for gene expression studies. Switchgrass genomic resources will accelerate the ability of plant breeders to enhance productivity, pest resistance, and nutritional quality. Because switchgrass is a relative newcomer to the genomics world, many secrets of the switchgrass genome have yet to be revealed. To continue to efficiently explore basic and applied topics in switchgrass, it will be critical to capture and exploit the knowledge of plant geneticists and breeders on the next logical steps in the development and utilization of genomic resources for this species. To this end, the community has established a switchgrass genomics executive committee and work group (http://switchgrassgenomics.org/[verified 28 Oct. 2011]). C1 [Ronald, Pamela] Univ Calif Davis, Joint Bioenergy Inst, Dep Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cao, Peijian; Ronald, Pamela] UC Davis Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Casler, Michael D.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Tobias, Christian M.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Kaeppler, Shawn M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dep Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Buell, C. Robin] Michigan State Univ, Dep Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wang, Zeng-Yu] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. [Cao, Peijian] Zhengzhou Tobacco Res Inst, China Tobacco Gene Res Ctr, Zhengzhou 450001, Peoples R China. [Schmutz, Jeremy] Dep Energy Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Schmutz, Jeremy] HudsonAlpha Inst Biotechnol, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Ronald, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Joint Bioenergy Inst, Dep Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM pcronald@ucdavis.edu RI Schmutz, Jeremy/N-3173-2013 OI Schmutz, Jeremy/0000-0001-8062-9172 FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC05-00OR22725]; NIFA Plant Feedstock Genomics for Bioenergy Program [2010-04195] FX The studies conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, the BioEnergy Science Center, and the Joint Bioenergy Institute are supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Numbers DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC05-00OR22725, and DE-AC02-05CH11231, respectively. This research was also supported by a grant from the NIFA Plant Feedstock Genomics for Bioenergy Program (#2010-04195) to P.C.R. We thank D. Rokhsar, L. Bartley, R. Sharma, and M. Sharma for helpful discussions. NR 40 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 38 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD NOV PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 273 EP 282 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2011.10.0026 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 058VA UT WOS:000312661700011 ER PT J AU Meyer, J Pei, DQ Wise, RP AF Meyer, Julie Pei, Deqing Wise, Roger P. TI Rf8-Mediated T-urf13 Transcript Accumulation Coincides with a Pentatricopeptide Repeat Cluster on Maize Chromosome 2L SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article ID CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY; FERTILITY RESTORER GENE; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; RF2 NUCLEAR RESTORER; PCR-BASED MARKERS; T-CYTOPLASM; POLLEN FERTILITY; HELMINTHOSPORIUM-MAYDIS; RESTORATION GENE; POWDERY MILDEW AB Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited inability to produce functional pollen. In Texas (T)-cytoplasm maize (Zea mays L.), CMS results from the action of the URF13 mitochondrial pore-forming protein encoded by the unique T-urf13 mitochondrial gene. Full or partial restoration of fertility to T-cytoplasm maize is mediated by the Rf2a nuclear gene in combination with one of three other genes: Rf1, Rf8, or Rf(star). Rf2a encodes a mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase whereas Rf1, Rf8, and Rf(star) are associated with the accumulation of distinctive T-urf13 mitochondrial transcripts. Rf8-associated RNA processing activity was mapped to a 4.55-Mbp region on chromosome 2L that contains 10 pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) encoding genes in the B73 5b.60 genome assembly. Genetic linkage analysis also indicated that Rf(star) is positioned within this PPR cluster as well as Rf3, which restores USDA (S)-cytoplasm maize. Partially male-fertile plants segregated for the presence or absence of the Rf8-associated T-urf13 1.42- and 0.42-kbp transcripts, indicating that the RNA processing event associated with these transcripts is not necessary for anther exsertion. In addition, a statistically significant delay in flowering was observed between partially male-fertile and mostly male-fertile plants. Taken together, these new results indicate that Rf8-mediated male fertility is under the control of more than one nuclear locus. C1 [Meyer, Julie; Pei, Deqing; Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, Interdept Genet Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Meyer, Julie; Pei, Deqing; Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Crop & Insect Genet Gen & Informat Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wise, RP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Interdept Genet Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rpwise@iastate.edu FU USDA-National Research Initiative (NRI) [99-35300-7752, 2002-35301-12064] FX The authors recognize Karin Werner and Greg Fuerst for expert technical assistance in the maize nursery and for nucleic acid isolation and analysis. Also, the authors thank Ian Small for valuable PPR informatics data before publication. This research was supported by USDA-National Research Initiative (NRI) grant nos. 99-35300-7752 and 2002-35301-12064. This article is a joint contribution of The Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station and the Crop and Insect Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD NOV PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 283 EP 299 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2011.05.0017 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 058VA UT WOS:000312661700012 ER PT J AU Martin, JJ Cardamone, JM Irwin, PL Brown, EM AF Martin, Justin J. Cardamone, Jeanette M. Irwin, Peter L. Brown, Eleanor M. TI Keratin capped silver nanoparticles - Synthesis and characterization of a nanomaterial with desirable handling properties SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES LA English DT Article DE Nanoparticle; Antimicrobial; Silver; Keratin; Wool; Biocompatible ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MEDIATED CROSS-LINKING; CONTROLLED GROWTH; WOOL; NANOSTRUCTURES; GOLD; TRANSGLUTAMINASE; TRANSFORMATION; NANOPRISMS; METALS AB We report for the first time the stabilization of silver nanoparticles in good yield, average diameter 3.5 nm, using wool keratin hydrolysates as stabilizers. The nanoparticles are extremely stable as a suspension and can be lyophilized into a powder and easily reconstituted in solvent with no change in spectral properties relative to the initial suspension. The nanoparticles interact with nitrogen and oxygen moieties of the keratin hydrolysates under the pH conditions used in the synthesis and appear to act as cross-linkers between adjacent chains. The product has excellent handling properties which we believe will make it a very attractive biocompatible coating/additive, providing prolonged antimicrobial efficacy to a wide variety of products such as textiles, plastics, paints, orthopedic devices and others. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Martin, Justin J.; Cardamone, Jeanette M.; Irwin, Peter L.; Brown, Eleanor M.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Martin, JJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM householdbleach@yahoo.com NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7765 J9 COLLOID SURFACE B JI Colloid Surf. B-Biointerfaces PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 88 IS 1 BP 354 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.07.013 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Materials Science GA 826HI UT WOS:000295344800049 PM 21831609 ER PT J AU Lane, VR Miller, KV Castleberry, SB Cooper, RJ Miller, DA Wigley, TB Marsh, GM Mihalco, RL AF Lane, Vanessa R. Miller, Karl V. Castleberry, Steven B. Cooper, Robert J. Miller, Darren A. Wigley, T. Bently Marsh, Graham M. Mihalco, Rebecca L. TI Bird community responses to a gradient of site preparation intensities in pine plantations in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bird abundance; Forest management; Herbaceous weed control; Intensive forestry; North Carolina; Pinus taeda ID UNITED-STATES; WILDLIFE HABITAT; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; FORESTS; PARTNERS; HERBICIDES; PIEDMONT AB Although intensively managed pine forests are common in the southeastern US, few studies describe how combinations of mechanical (MSP) and chemical site preparation (CSP) and herbaceous weed control (HWC) techniques affect bird communities that use early successional habitats within young pine forests. Therefore, we examined effects of six treatments of increasing management intensity via combinations of MSP (strip-shear and wide spacing or roller chop and narrow spacing) and CSP (application or no application) treatments with banded or broadcast HWC on bird communities in six loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina, USA, for 8 years following site preparation. Wide pine spacing and strip-shear MSP increased bird abundance and species richness over narrow spacing and chopped MSP for 6 years after planting. Chemical SP reduced bird abundance in year 2, increased bird abundance in year 6, had no effect on abundance after year 7, and did not affect species richness in any year. Total bird abundance and species richness were similar between banded and broadcast HWC. Site preparation and HWC had no effect on bird diversity and bird communities were most similar in treatments of similar intensity. Site preparation and HWC had few or no effects on birds based upon migratory status, habitat association, or conservation value. The addition of chemical site preparation or HWC had little effect on birds beyond pine spacing, and bird abundance was not proportional to management intensity. Although we observed treatment effects, all treatments provided habitat used by a variety of bird species, and pine plantations may play an increasingly important role in bird conservation as forests become fragmented and converted to other land uses and as natural processes that create early successional habitat, such as fire, are suppressed. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lane, Vanessa R.; Miller, Karl V.; Castleberry, Steven B.; Cooper, Robert J.; Marsh, Graham M.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Miller, Darren A.] Weyerhaeuser NR Co, Timberlands Technol, Columbus, MS 39704 USA. [Wigley, T. Bently] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement Inc, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Mihalco, Rebecca L.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Cleveland, OH 44181 USA. RP Lane, VR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM lanev@warnell.uga.edu; kmiller@warnell.uga.edu; scastle@warnell.uga.edu; rcooper@warnell.uga.edu; darren.miller@weyerhaeuser.com; wigley@clemson.edu; gmarsh@warnell.uga.edu; Rebecca.L.Mihalco@aphis.usda.gov FU Weyerhaeuser NR Company; International Paper; MeadWestvaco Corporation; Boise-Cascade Corporation; Forest Capital Partners; National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc.; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources at the University of Georgia FX We thank K. Blackburn, M. Cherry, N. Martin, D. Rankin, J. Rothe, and J. Skye for field assistance. We thank Weyerhaeuser Company, Resource Management Services, The Nature Conservancy, and North Carolina Resource Commission for access to property. Funding was provided by Weyerhaeuser NR Company, International Paper, MeadWestvaco Corporation, Boise-Cascade Corporation, Forest Capital Partners, National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc., and Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources at the University of Georgia. NR 48 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 262 IS 9 BP 1668 EP 1678 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.07.029 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 831TV UT WOS:000295754900002 ER PT J AU Slesak, RA Schoenholtz, SH Harrington, TB AF Slesak, Robert A. Schoenholtz, Stephen H. Harrington, Timothy B. TI Soil carbon and nutrient pools in Douglas-fir plantations 5 years after manipulating biomass and competing vegetation in the Pacific Northwest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Forest biomass energy; Slash manipulation; Vegetation manipulation; Long Term Soil Productivity; Soil water limitation ID ORGANIC-MATTER REMOVAL; LOGGING-DEBRIS; FOREST MANAGEMENT; PONDEROSA PINE; BOREAL FOREST; NEW-ZEALAND; PRODUCTIVITY; NITROGEN; GROWTH; FERTILIZATION AB We assessed changes in mineral soil total carbon (C) and nutrient (exchangeable Ca, K, Mg, and total N) pools to 60 cm depth 5 years after manipulating biomass and competing vegetation at two contrasting Douglas-fir plantations (Matlock, WA, and Molalla, OR). Biomass treatments included whole-tree (WT) and bole-only (BO) harvest, and competing vegetation control (VC) treatments were applied as either initial or annual herbicide applications. There were main effects of biomass removal and VC on the absolute change in soil pools of some elements at both sites, but significant effects were more prevalent at the lower soil quality Matlock site than the Molalla site, and were generally confined to the top 15 cm of soil. In all cases, treatment effects were associated with increases in C and nutrients following BO and initial VC treatments combined with little change in soil pools following WT and annual VC treatments. At the Matlock site, total soil pools (0-60 cm) of C, N, and Ca significantly increased in the BO and initial VC treatments, and Mg increased and K decreased regardless of treatment. At the Molalla site, soil C and nutrient pools did not change in response to treatments, but total soil Mg increased in all treatments during the study period. Correlation analyses indicated little influence of soil nutrient pools on early growth at Matlock likely because soil water is more limiting than nutrient availability at that site, but vegetation growth was correlated to nutrient pools at Molalla indicating changes in pools associated with harvesting and treatment could influence crop development in the future. These early results indicate low potential for intensive management practices to reduce mineral soil pools of C and nutrients, but there is uncertainty on the long-term growth response because treatments may have influenced nutrient storage in pools other than mineral soil. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Slesak, Robert A.] Minnesota Forest Resources Council, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Schoenholtz, Stephen H.] Virginia Tech, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Harrington, Timothy B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Slesak, RA (reprint author), Minnesota Forest Resources Council, 2003 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM raslesak@umn.edu NR 45 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 262 IS 9 BP 1722 EP 1728 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.07.021 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 831TV UT WOS:000295754900008 ER PT J AU Schweitzer, CJ Dey, DC AF Schweitzer, Callie Jo Dey, Daniel C. TI Forest structure, composition, and tree diversity response to a gradient of regeneration harvests in the mid-Cumberland Plateau escarpment region, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cumberland Plateau; Shelterwood harvests; Importance values; Species richness; Photosynthetically-active radiation ID OLD-GROWTH FOREST; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; MIXED-OAK FORESTS; PRESCRIBED FIRES; QUERCUS-RUBRA; RED OAK; APPALACHIAN HARDWOODS; ADVANCE REGENERATION; SHELTERWOOD STANDS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY AB Upland hardwood stands on mesic, escarpment-oriented sites on the Cumberland Plateau region of northeastern Alabama provide a myriad management opportunities. Stands are primarily managed for Quercus, but the high species diversity allows for management that targets multiple species. Stand composition is unique in that dominant species include shade tolerant species such as Ater saccharum, intermediate tolerant Quercus spp. and Carya spp., and intolerant Liriodendron tulipifera. Three replications of five levels of disturbance were created to assess species compositional changes; disturbances included three levels of harvest intensity, a mid-story herbicide treatment, and a control. After eight growing seasons, there were no discernable differences in species richness, diversity or evenness. Importance values based on relative basal area and relative density also changed little, except for clearcuts where L tulipifera greatly increased. An initial gradient in basal area, canopy cover, and light created by harvesting or thinning dissipated following five growing seasons. Options exist for future stand management, including promoting two-aged or uneven-aged systems. Maintenance of Quercus will require additional tending. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Schweitzer, Callie Jo] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Dey, Daniel C.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Schweitzer, CJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, POB 1568, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM cschweitzer@fs.fed.us; ddey@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station FX We thank Greg Janzen with Stevenson Land Company for his support in implementing this study. Additional appreciation is extended to David Loftis and Yong Wang for their input on study design and data analysis, Ryan Sisk, Nathan Brown, Trey Petty, Nancy Bastin and others for assistance with data collection. Helpful review comments from Justin Hart and Brian Lockhart greatly improved the manuscript. Funding for this study was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station. NR 97 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 262 IS 9 BP 1729 EP 1741 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.07.020 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 831TV UT WOS:000295754900009 ER PT J AU Trettin, CC Jurgensen, MF Gale, MR McLaughlin, JW AF Trettin, Carl C. Jurgensen, Martin F. Gale, Margaret R. McLaughlin, James W. TI Recovery of carbon and nutrient pools in a northern forested wetland 11 years after harvesting and site preparation SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Forested wetland; Carbon balance; Harvest and site preparation impacts; Histic mineral soil wetland ID MINERAL SUBSTRATE; ORGANIC-CARBON; NITROGEN; BIOMASS; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; AVAILABILITY; EQUATIONS; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS; PEATLAND AB We measured the change in above- and below-ground carbon and nutrient pools 11 years after the harvesting and site preparation of a histic-mineral soil wetland forest in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The original stand of black spruce (Picea mariana), jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and tamarack (Larix laricina) was whole-tree harvested, and three post-harvest treatments (disk trenching, bedding, and none) were randomly assigned to three Latin square blocks (n = 9). Nine control plots were also established in an adjoining uncut stand. Carbon and nutrients were measured in three strata of above-ground vegetation, woody debris, roots, forest floor, and mineral soil to a depth of 1.5 m. Eleven years following harvesting, soil C, N, Ca, Mg, and K pools were similar among the three site preparation treatments and the uncut stand. However, there were differences in ecosystem-level nutrient pools because of differences in live biomass. Coarse roots comprised approximately 30% of the tree biomass C in the regenerated stands and 18% in the uncut stand. Nutrient sequestration, in the vegetation since harvesting yielded an average net ecosystem gain of 332 kg N ha(-1), 110 kg Ca ha(-1), 18 kg Mg ha(-1), and 65 kg K ha(-1). The likely source for the cations and N is uptake from shallow groundwater, but N additions could also come from non-symbiotic N-fixation and N deposition. These are the only reported findings on long-term effects of harvesting and site preparation on a histic-mineral soil wetland and the results illustrate the importance of understanding the ecohydrology and nutrient dynamics of the wetland forest. This wetland type appears less sensitive to disturbance than upland sites, and is capable of sustained productivity under these silvicultural treatments. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Trettin, Carl C.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Cordesville, SC 29434 USA. [Jurgensen, Martin F.; Gale, Margaret R.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [McLaughlin, James W.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Ontario Forest Res Inst, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. RP Trettin, CC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, 3734 Hwy 402, Cordesville, SC 29434 USA. EM ctrettin@fs.fed.us FU US Forest Service; Michigan Technological University FX This experiment was established with support from the National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI), and MeadWestvaco, Inc. Plum Creek Inc. provided access to the site for re-measurements and sampling. The maintenance of the long-term monitoring has been supported by the US Forest Service and Michigan Technological University. We appreciate the helpful comments and suggestions by two anonymous reviewers. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 262 IS 9 BP 1826 EP 1833 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.07.031 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 831TV UT WOS:000295754900019 ER PT J AU Tiwari, A Korripally, P Adhikarla, H Patnala, K Pamarthi, MM Bhanoori, M AF Tiwari, Anand Korripally, Premsagar Adhikarla, Haritha Patnala, Kiranmayi Pamarthi, Maruthi Mohan Bhanoori, Manjula TI Expression and functional characterisation of TNC, a high-affinity nickel transporter from Neurospora crassa SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neurospora crassa; Metal transporters; Life cycle; NiCoT family; TNC ID SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; PERMEASE NIXA; GENES; PROTEINS; UREASE; YEAST; ION AB Our previous in silico studies identified a high-affinity nickel transporter, TNC. from the metal transportome of Neurospora crassa. A knockout mutant of the tnc gene in N. crassa failed to transport nickel, showed phenotypic growth defects and diminished urease activity under physiological levels of nickel. Transport assays conducted in wild type and knockout mutant strains showed that TNC transports nickel with high affinity but exhibits selectivity for other transition metal ions like cobalt. Heterologous complementation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe nickel uptake mutant by TNC further substantiates its nickel transport function. Transcriptional analysis of the nickel transporter encoding gene, tnc in N. crassa by qRT-PCR showed its constitutive expression in various phases of its life cycle. However, levels of the corresponding protein TNC were down-regulated only by increasing the nickel, but not cobalt concentration in the media. Immunolocalisation data suggested that TNC is distributed in the plasma membrane of N. crassa. Thus, the present study establishes TNC as a functional plasma membrane nickel transporter necessary for physiological acquisition of nickel in the multicellular fungi N. crassa. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Tiwari, Anand; Adhikarla, Haritha; Pamarthi, Maruthi Mohan; Bhanoori, Manjula] Osmania Univ, Univ Coll Sci, Dept Biochem, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Korripally, Premsagar] Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Patnala, Kiranmayi] GITAM Univ, Inst Sci, Dept Biochem, Visakhapatnam 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Bhanoori, M (reprint author), Osmania Univ, Univ Coll Sci, Dept Biochem, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM bhanoorim@yahoo.co.in FU UGC-SAP; DST-FIST FX This manuscript is dedicated to the late Prof. P Maruthi Mohan (Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, India) under whose supervision the work was carried out. Financial support for this work was received from UGC-SAP and DST-FIST. We express our gratitude to Thomas Eitinger (Humboldt University, Berlin) for kindly providing S. cervisiae strains and to Jurgen Stolz (Germany) for providing pREP3-ADH. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 48 IS 11 BP 1020 EP 1026 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2011.07.006 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 832OS UT WOS:000295814900004 PM 21840412 ER PT J AU Andrich, DE Filion, ME Woods, M Dwyer, JT Gorbach, SL Goldin, BR Adlercreutz, H Aubertin-Leheudre, M AF Andrich, David E. Filion, Marie-Eve Woods, Margo Dwyer, Johanna T. Gorbach, Sherwood L. Goldin, Barry R. Adlercreutz, Herman Aubertin-Leheudre, Mylene TI Relationship between essential amino acids and muscle mass, independent of habitual diets, in pre- and post-menopausal US women SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCES AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE essential amino acids; vegetarian diet; body composition ID COMPUTERIZED AXIAL-TOMOGRAPHY; URINARY CREATININE EXCRETION; PROTEIN-REQUIREMENTS; PLASMA-LEVELS; ELDERLY-MEN; METABOLISM; ESTROGENS; EXERCISE; OLDER; RECOMMENDATIONS AB The purpose of this secondary analysis was to examine the relationship between protein and essential amino acids (EAAs) intake with the level of muscle mass (MM) independent of the diet. Twenty-one omnivores, 22 ovo-lacto-vegetarians and 20 vegans were recruited. MM (urinary creatinine), dietary intake (5-day dietary records) and biochemical analyses (urinary and plasma sex hormones) were obtained. We observed no significant difference between groups for MM, total EAA intake, leucine, isoleucine, age and body mass index. However, we observed a significant difference between groups for total dietary protein intake and total energy intake. Despite significant differences in total dietary protein, the EAA intake was not different, indicating that neither the amount nor the quality of protein in these diets was a limiting factor in determining the amount of MM. Thus, each of these diet patterns appears adequate to maintain MM. C1 [Andrich, David E.; Filion, Marie-Eve; Aubertin-Leheudre, Mylene] Univ Quebec, Dept Kinesiol, Fac Sci, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Woods, Margo; Dwyer, Johanna T.; Gorbach, Sherwood L.; Goldin, Barry R.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Adlercreutz, Herman] Univ Helsinki, Div Clin Chem, Inst Prevent Med Nutr & Canc, Folkhalsan Res Ctr, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Andrich, DE (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Dept Kinesiol, Fac Sci, 2888 Succ Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. EM davidandrich@hotmail.com OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research FX Mylene Aubertin-Leheudre was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. The authors declare no conflict of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0963-7486 EI 1465-3478 J9 INT J FOOD SCI NUTR JI Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 62 IS 7 BP 719 EP 724 DI 10.3109/09637486.2011.573772 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 831JC UT WOS:000295725300008 PM 21568818 ER PT J AU Lugo, AE Abelleira, OJ Collado, A Viera, CA Santiago, C Velez, DO Soto, E Amaro, G Charon, G Colon, H Santana, J Morales, JL Rivera, K Ortiz, L Rivera, L Maldonado, M Rivera, N Vazquez, NJ AF Lugo, Ariel E. Abelleira, Oscar J. Collado, Alexander Viera, Christian A. Santiago, Cynthia Velez, Diego O. Soto, Emilio Amaro, Giovanni Charon, Graciela Colon, Hector, Jr. Santana, Jennifer Morales, Jose L. Rivera, Katherine Ortiz, Luis Rivera, Luis Maldonado, Mianel Rivera, Natalia Vazquez, Norelis J. TI Allometry, biomass, and chemical content of Novel African Tulip Tree (Spathodea campanulata) Forests in Puerto Rico SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE Nutrient concentration; Nutrient cycling; Stemwood volume; Biomass; Carbon; Introduced species; Puerto Rico; Secondary forests; Novel forests ID BISLEY EXPERIMENTAL WATERSHEDS; LUQUILLO-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; SECONDARY FORESTS; HURRICANE-HUGO; MOUNTAINS AB The African tulip tree, Spathodea campanulata, the most common tree in Puerto Rico, forms novel forest types with mixtures of native and other introduced tree species. Novel forests increase in area in response to human activity and there is no information about their biomass accumulation and nutrient cycling. We established allometric relationships and chemically analyzed plant parts of African tulip trees to determine the concentration and standing stock of chemical elements (C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Mn, Al, Fe, Na), and ash. Trees ranged in diameter at breast height from 8 to 85 cm and in height from 8.8 to 28 m. The concentrations of N, P, K, and Ca in leaves of the African tulip tree were similar to those of the native pioneer Cecropia schreberiana and higher than those of mature forest tree species in Puerto Rico. The over bark wood volume of African tulip trees in nine forest stands where it was dominant ranged from 163 to 849 m(3)/ha. Aboveground biomass ranged from 60 to 296 Mg/ha, and N and P stocks ranged from 190 to 988 and 32 to 137 kg/ha, respectively. Novel forests on abandoned agricultural lands can store more biomass and elements than native and plantation forest stands of similar age. C1 [Lugo, Ariel E.; Abelleira, Oscar J.] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Abelleira, Oscar J.; Collado, Alexander; Viera, Christian A.; Santiago, Cynthia; Velez, Diego O.; Soto, Emilio; Amaro, Giovanni; Charon, Graciela; Colon, Hector, Jr.; Santana, Jennifer; Morales, Jose L.; Rivera, Katherine; Ortiz, Luis; Rivera, Luis; Maldonado, Mianel; Rivera, Natalia; Vazquez, Norelis J.] Univ Puerto Rico, ALACIMA, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. RP Lugo, AE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, 1201 Ceiba St, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. EM alugo@fs.fed.us NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 42 IS 3 BP 267 EP 283 DI 10.1007/s11056-011-9258-8 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 832YP UT WOS:000295847100001 ER PT J AU Geis-Asteggiante, L Lehotay, SJ Fortis, LL Paoli, G Wijey, C Heinzen, H AF Geis-Asteggiante, Lucia Lehotay, Steven J. Fortis, Laurie L. Paoli, George Wijey, Chandi Heinzen, Horacio TI Development and validation of a rapid method for microcystins in fish and comparing LC-MS/MS results with ELISA SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Microcystins; LC-MS/MS; ELISA; Fish tissue; Validation ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CYANOBACTERIAL TOXIN MICROCYSTIN; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; FRESH-WATER BIVALVES; EUTROPHIC LAKE; MYTILUS-GALLOPROVINCIALIS; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; LABORATORY CONDITIONS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT AB Microcystins (MCs) are the most common cyanotoxins found worldwide in freshwater, brackish, and marine environments. The rapid and accurate analysis of MCs and nodularin (Nod-R) in fish tissue is important for determining occurrence, following trends, and monitoring exposure for risk assessment and other purposes. The aim of this study was to develop a streamlined and reliable sample preparation method for eight MCs (MC-RR, MC-YR, MC-LR, MC-WR, MC-LA, MC-LY, MC-LW, and MC-LF) and Nod-R in fish, and conduct a validation of the new method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for analysis and compare the results with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Different sample preparation methods were compared, and a simple extraction protocol with acidified acetonitrile/water (3:1) followed by hexane partitioning cleanup was found to be most effective. Thorough validation of the final method was conducted, and 90-115% recoveries were achieved for all analytes except for MC-RR, which gave 130% average recovery (isotopically labeled internal standards were unavailable to correct for possible biases). The use of electrospray ionization in the negative mode gave few interferences and minimal matrix effects in the LC-MS/MS analysis overall. Precision was typically 10-20% RSD among multiple days in experiments, detection limits were < 10 ng/g in the fish tissue (catfish, basa, and swai filets), and no false-positives or false-negatives occurred in blind analyses of many spiked samples. The ELISA was unable to distinguish between MCs but was found to correctly assess the presence or absence of MCs and Nod-R in the blind-fortified fish tissues. The capability of these approaches to measure covalently bound MCs was not assessed. C1 [Geis-Asteggiante, Lucia; Lehotay, Steven J.; Fortis, Laurie L.; Paoli, George; Wijey, Chandi] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Geis-Asteggiante, Lucia; Heinzen, Horacio] UdelaR, Catedra Farmacognosia & Prod Nat, DQO, Fac Quim, Montevideo 12800, Uruguay. RP Lehotay, SJ (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM steven.lehotay@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Food Safety Inspection Service ARS [60-1935-9-031]; US-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund [US-4273-09] FX We thank Jennifer Cassidy and Kathleen Rajkowski for providing the different fish samples, Alan Lightfield for his support in LC-MS/MS usage, and Fernando Rubio of Abraxis for consultation about microcystins and ELISA. This research was funded in part by the USDA Food Safety Inspection Service ARS agreement number 60-1935-9-031 and the US-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund number US-4273-09. NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 9 U2 71 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 401 IS 8 BP 2617 EP 2630 DI 10.1007/s00216-011-5345-0 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 828NM UT WOS:000295508600030 PM 21881880 ER PT J AU Davies, KW Boyd, CS Beck, JL Bates, JD Svejcar, TJ Gregg, MA AF Davies, Kirk W. Boyd, Chad S. Beck, Jeffrey L. Bates, Jon D. Svejcar, Tony J. Gregg, Michael A. TI Saving the sagebrush sea: An ecosystem conservation plan for big sagebrush plant communities SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Review DE Annual grasses; Conservation easements; Development; Ecosystem management; Mitigation; Restoration; Woodland encroachment ID PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; CRESTED-WHEATGRASS STANDS; WINTER HABITAT SELECTION; CHEATGRASS-DOMINATED RANGELAND; GREAT-BASIN DESERT; BROMUS-TECTORUM L; SAGE-GROUSE; MULE DEER; PRESCRIBED FIRE AB Vegetation change and anthropogenic development are altering ecosystems and decreasing biodiversity. Successful management of ecosystems threatened by multiple stressors requires development of ecosystem conservation plans rather than single species plans. We selected the big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) ecosystem to demonstrate this approach. The area occupied by the sagebrush ecosystem is declining and becoming increasingly fragmented at an alarming rate because of conifer encroachment, exotic annual grass invasion, and anthropogenic development. This is causing range-wide declines and localized extirpations of sagebrush associated fauna and flora. To develop an ecosystem conservation plan, a synthesis of existing knowledge is needed to prioritize and direct management and research. Based on the synthesis, we concluded that efforts to restore higher elevation conifer-encroached, sagebrush communities were frequently successful, while restoration of exotic annual grass-invaded, lower elevation, sagebrush communities often failed. Overcoming exotic annual grass invasion is challenging and needs additional research to improve the probability of restoration and identify areas where success would be more probable. Management of fire regimes will be paramount to conserving sagebrush communities, as infrequent fires facilitate conifer encroachment and too frequent fires promote exotic annual grasses. Anthropogenic development needs to be mitigated and reduced to protect sagebrush communities and this probably includes more conservation easements and other incentives to landowners to not develop their properties. Threats to the sustainability of sagebrush ecosystem are daunting, but a coordinated ecosystem conservation plan that focuses on applying successful practices and research to overcome limitations to conservation is most likely to yield success. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Davies, Kirk W.; Boyd, Chad S.; Bates, Jon D.; Svejcar, Tony J.] USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Beck, Jeffrey L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Gregg, Michael A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Burbank, WA 99323 USA. RP Davies, KW (reprint author), 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM kirk.davies@oregonstate.edu FU USDA - Agricultural Research Service; University of Wyoming; USDI - Fish and Wildlife Service FX We are grateful to Drs. Jeremy James, Steve Petersen, and Matt Madsen for reviewing earlier versions of the manuscript. We appreciate the constructive reviews of this manuscript by the six anonymous reviewers. Funding was provided by USDA - Agricultural Research Service, University of Wyoming, and USDI - Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 203 TC 127 Z9 127 U1 18 U2 130 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 144 IS 11 BP 2573 EP 2584 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.07.016 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 827QL UT WOS:000295442900004 ER PT J AU Cane, JH Neff, JL AF Cane, James H. Neff, John L. TI Predicted fates of ground-nesting bees in soil heated by wildfire: Thermal tolerances of life stages and a survey of nesting depths SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Apiformes; Apoidea; Pollinator; Fire ID LEAFCUTTING BEE; PRESCRIBED FIRE; SOLITARY BEE; HYMENOPTERA; MEGACHILIDAE; BEHAVIOR; COMMUNITIES; ROTUNDATA; ABUNDANCE; BIOLOGY AB Periodic wildfire defines plant community composition and dynamics in many of the world's semi-arid biomes, whose climates and floras also favor wild bee diversity. Invasive flammable grasses, deforestation, historical fire suppression and human ignition are increasing fire frequency and intensifying its severity, as well as introducing fire to previously fireproof biomes. In many of these habitats, bees are key pollinators. Many, often most of the solitary bee species and individuals in these biomes nest underground (so-called "mining" bees). To evaluate their susceptibility to fire, we tested heat tolerances of bees' four life stages using an experimental design that mimicked heat conduction dynamics of natural soils. All life stages survived heating of up to 45 degrees C for 27 min, but none survived heating at 54 degrees C for 9 min; the pupal stage survived best. At near-lethal temperatures, more prolonged heating caused more mortality. These data were related to published studies of heat penetration depths in soil during fire and an exhaustive compilation of published nesting depths reported for mining bees. We conclude that a small fraction (9%) of the shallowest-nesting mining bee species is likely to die from soil heating by wildfire. Among these, ground-nesting megachilids (Osmia, Megachile) will be most vulnerable, owing to their shallow horizontal nests. Because mining bees prevail in most biomes of the temperate zone, any vegetation rehabilitation efforts should therefore expect that bee communities will largely survive the immediate effects of wildfire, and therefore will need pollen and nectar resources in the year(s) after fire. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cane, James H.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS Pollinating Insect Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Neff, John L.] Cent Texas Melittol Inst, Austin, TX 78731 USA. RP Cane, JH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA Bee Biol Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Jim.Cane@ars.usda.gov; jlnatctmi@yahoo.com NR 41 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 144 IS 11 BP 2631 EP 2636 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.07.019 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 827QL UT WOS:000295442900011 ER PT J AU Pollen-Bankhead, N Thomas, RE Gurnell, AM Liffen, T Simon, A O'Hare, MT AF Pollen-Bankhead, N. Thomas, R. E. Gurnell, A. M. Liffen, T. Simon, A. O'Hare, M. T. TI Quantifying the potential for flow to remove the emergent aquatic macrophyte Sparganium erectum from the margins of low-energy rivers SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Sparganium erectum; Uprooting forces; Drag forces; Critical shear stress; Sediment retention; Scour ID ROOT TENSILE-STRENGTH; SOIL SHEAR-STRENGTH; TREE ROOTS; STREAMBANK STABILITY; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; PHYSICAL HABITAT; SLOPE STABILITY; REINFORCEMENT; SEDIMENT; AREA AB The emergent macrophyte species Sparganium erectum occurs commonly at the margins of low- to medium- energy river systems across the northern temperate zone. It is considered as an invasive species along low-energy water courses in many parts of the US and Australia. The life-cycle and biomechanical properties of this species make it very well adapted to such environments, allowing rapid growth and sediment trapping, such that encroachment into the channel occurs as the growing season progresses. The widespread growth of species such as S. erectum is therefore of particular concern, when considering the flood risk potential of many rivers. As such, the conditions required for survival or uprooting and scouring of this plant are of interest, as are the times of the year and processes by which these plants spread to increase the size of current stands, and to form new stands. It is known that S. erectum reproduces by several vegetative methods including rhizome growth, dispersal of detached rhizomes, and relocation of entire plants. However, the mechanisms and flow conditions necessary for uprooting or scouring of entire plants, and the separation of fragments of this species, at different times of the year, are largely unknown. The aim of this paper is to model the uprooting resistance of S. erectum plants as reported by Liffen et al. (in press), and to investigate the manner by which this species is adapted to proliferate in low-energy, low-gradient streams. The results presented here show that Monte Carlo simulations using the RipRoot root-reinforcement model can be used to accurately model plant pullout forces, rhizome interconnectivity and length changes for S. erectum plants throughout the growing season. Analysis presented here also suggests that plant uprooting forces are several orders of magnitude larger than potential drag forces that could act on the S. erectum plants at the River Blackwater site modeled, and even at sites with much higher channel slopes. This result suggests that the ability of these plants to thrive in low-energy rivers, but not in higher-energy river environments, is less related to driving forces causing drag on the plants, and more related to the energy conditions controlling erosion and deposition of the fine substrate materials these plants thrive in. The critical shear stress of the fine within-vegetation material was shown here to only be exceeded by the average boundary shear stress within the vegetation, during winter months when above-ground biomass and thus Manning's n values were at their lowest. For example, during March and April average boundary shear stress was predicted to exceed critical boundary shear stress for 6% of the time. Erodibility measurements from jet-tests conducted at the River Blackwater fieldsite suggested that this excess in boundary shear stress could result in potential vertical scour of up to 0.09 m in both March and April. During the majority of the growing season sediment trapping rather than erosion dominated, with enough deposition occurring over the summer to protect all but the shallowest, weakest and least interconnected rhizomes and plants from being scoured in the winter months. The balance between erosion and deposition within stands of S. erectum in these low-energy environments therefore allows for the maintenance of established stands of vegetation, whilst still allowing for scouring of weaker S. erectum plants that can establish previously un-colonized channel margins further downstream. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pollen-Bankhead, N.; Thomas, R. E.; Simon, A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Pollen-Bankhead, N.; Thomas, R. E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Gurnell, A. M.; Liffen, T.] Univ London, Sch Geog, London E1 4NS, England. [O'Hare, M. T.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol Edinburgh, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Pollen-Bankhead, N (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM tashabankhead@gmail.com RI O'Hare, Matthew/F-3648-2011 FU UK Natural Environment Research Council Ecology and Hydrology Funding Initiative (NERC) [NE/FO14597/1] FX This work was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council Ecology and Hydrology Funding Initiative (NERC grant NE/FO14597/1). We would like to thank Mrs Mary Pond and the Blackwater Valley Countryside Partnership, who have very kindly allowed us access to reaches of the River Blackwater to conduct this research. NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 37 IS 11 BP 1779 EP 1788 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.06.027 PG 10 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 825SX UT WOS:000295303500021 ER PT J AU Kroger, R Moore, MT AF Kroeger, Robert Moore, Matthew T. TI Phosphorus dynamics within agricultural drainage ditches in the lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Phosphorus; Drainage ditch; Sorption; Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley ID SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; RUNOFF; SEDIMENTS; NITROGEN; SATURATION; RETENTION; TRANSPORT; SORPTION; LOSSES AB Excessive phosphorus loading from fertilizers in agriculture results in enriched runoff and downstream aquatic system eutrophication. This study evaluated phosphorus dynamics in agricultural drainage ditches across eight sites within the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV). The objective of the study was to examine the capacity of drainage ditches across the LMAV to sorb P. Spatially and temporally, all drainage ditch sediments had very low immediately bioavailable phosphorus (P(w)), and a very low degree of phosphorus saturation (DPS < 20%) throughout the LMAV. Phosphorus binding energy (K) (0.34-0.60 L/mg) and P sorption maxima (17.8-26.6 L/mg) were low, with very little variation in space and time. Using these metrics, drainage ditches sampled within the LMAV could be described as P sinks, capable of sorbing varying degrees of P seasonally as a result to changes in the Fe-P pool. Sorption, however, will likely be low due to low P sorption maxima and low binding energies. These results will help in P management within primary aquatic systems (such as drainage ditches) within the agricultural landscape and enhance P mitigation strategies at the source, prior to runoff reaching downstream aquatic systems. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kroeger, Robert] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. [Moore, Matthew T.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Kroger, R (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, POB 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. EM rkroger@cfr.msstate.edu FU USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory Water Quality and Ecology Research Unit FX Funding for this project was provided by the USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory Water Quality and Ecology Research Unit. The authors acknowledge the help of cooperative farmers throughout the sediment collection phase, and Lisa Brooks for the majority of the water quality and sediment analyses. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 37 IS 11 BP 1905 EP 1909 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.06.042 PG 5 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 825SX UT WOS:000295303500036 ER PT J AU Liffen, T Gurnell, AM O'Hare, MT Pollen-Bankhead, N Simon, A AF Liffen, T. Gurnell, A. M. O'Hare, M. T. Pollen-Bankhead, N. Simon, A. TI Biomechanical properties of the emergent aquatic macrophyte Sparganium erectum: Implications for fine sediment retention in low energy rivers SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Biomechanical properties; Emergent macrophytes; Sparganium erectum; Fine sediment ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; VELOCITY; STREAMS; DRAG; ADAPTATIONS; MORPHOLOGY; VEGETATION; ANCHORAGE; BIOMASS; FORCES AB This paper is concerned with the biomechanical properties of the emergent aquatic macrophyte, Sparganium erectum. We present observations of adjustments in the physical characteristics and biomechanical properties of S. erectum during the growing season (April-November) from the River Blackwater, UK. When a pulling device is attached to plant stems to measure their resistance to uprooting, individual plants show remarkable strength in their above- and below-ground biomass (median stem strength when stems break away from the underground biomass, 78 N, median rhizome strength, 39 N) and high resistance to uprooting (median uprooting resistance when entire plants uproot, 114 N). This provides the potential for the species to protect and reinforce the generally soft, silty sediments that it often retains and within which its rhizomes and roots develop in lower energy river environments. There is a propensity for plant stems to break before the plant is uprooted at the beginning and end of the growth season, but for the stems to have sufficient strength in mid season for plant uprooting to dominate. This ensures that rhizome and root systems remain relatively undisturbed at times when the silty sediments in which they grow are poorly protected by above-ground biomass. In contrast, rhizome strength remains comparatively invariant through the growing season, supporting the plant's potential to have a protective/reinforcing effect on fine sediments through the winter when above ground biomass is absent. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liffen, T.; Gurnell, A. M.] Univ London, Sch Geog, London E1 4NS, England. [O'Hare, M. T.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland. [Pollen-Bankhead, N.; Simon, A.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Gurnell, AM (reprint author), Univ London, Sch Geog, Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, England. EM a.m.gurnell@qmul.ac.uk RI O'Hare, Matthew/F-3648-2011 FU Natural Environment Research Council Ecology and Hydrology Funding Initiative (NERC) [NE/FO14597/1] FX This work was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council Ecology and Hydrology Funding Initiative (NERC Grant NE/FO14597/1). We would like to thank Mary Pond and the Blackwater Valley Countryside Partnership, who have very kindly allowed us access to the River Blackwater to conduct this research. We also thank two anonymous referees for their comments, which have greatly helped in improving the manuscript. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 37 IS 11 BP 1925 EP 1931 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.06.015 PG 7 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 825SX UT WOS:000295303500040 ER PT J AU Sullivan, TJ Cosby, BJ Jackson, WA AF Sullivan, Timothy J. Cosby, Bernard J. Jackson, William A. TI Target loads of atmospheric sulfur deposition for the protection and recovery of acid-sensitive streams in the Southern Blue Ridge Province SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Sulfur; Critical load; Target load; Acidification; Stream; Modeling ID REGIONAL MODEL; ACIDIFICATION; WATER; NORWAY AB An important tool in the evaluation of acidification damage to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems is the critical load (CL), which represents the steady-state level of acidic deposition below which ecological damage would not be expected to occur, according to current scientific understanding. A deposition load intended to be protective of a specified resource condition at a particular point in time is generally called a target load (TL). The CL or TL for protection of aquatic biota is generally based on maintaining surface water acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) at an acceptable level. This study included calibration and application of the watershed model MAGIC (Model of Acidification of Groundwater in Catchments) to estimate the target sulfur (S) deposition load for the protection of aquatic resources at several future points in time in 66 generally acid-sensitive watersheds in the southern Blue Ridge province of North Carolina and two adjoining states. Potential future change in nitrogen leaching is not considered. Estimated TLs for S deposition ranged from zero (ecological objective not attainable by the specified point in time) to values many times greater than current S deposition depending on the selected site, ANC endpoint, and evaluation year. For some sites, one or more of the selected target ANC critical levels (0, 20, 50, 100 mu eq/L) could not be achieved by the year 2100 even if S deposition was reduced to zero and maintained at that level throughout the simulation. Many of these highly sensitive streams were simulated by the model to have had preindustrial ANC below some of these target values. For other sites, the watershed soils contained sufficiently large buffering capacity that even very high sustained levels of atmospheric S deposition would not reduce stream ANC below common damage thresholds. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sullivan, Timothy J.] E&S Environm Chem, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. [Cosby, Bernard J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Jackson, William A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Sullivan, TJ (reprint author), E&S Environm Chem, POB 609, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. EM tim.sullivan@esenvironmental.com RI Cosby, Bernard/B-5653-2012 FU U.S. Forest Service, Southern Research Station FX This research was funded by a contract from the U.S. Forest Service, Southern Research Station, to E&S Environmental Chemistry, Inc. K. Snyder provided technical and database assistance. This manuscript has not been subjected to agency review, and no official endorsement is implied. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 92 IS 11 BP 2953 EP 2960 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.07.014 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 825RK UT WOS:000295299600013 PM 21816535 ER PT J AU Pehrsson, PR Patterson, KY Perry, CR AF Pehrsson, Pamela Ruth Patterson, Kristine Y. Perry, Charles R. TI The fluoride content of select brewed and microwave-brewed black teas in the United States SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Fluoride; Dental caries; Tea; Fluoride intake; Fluorosis; Maximum safe limit; Food safety; Food analysis; Food composition ID ACCUMULATION; VARIETIES; ALUMINUM; WATER AB Fluoride (F) intake is recognized to be important for dental health. Tea leaves are known F accumulators and brewed tea as well as the water used for brewing may contribute significantly to individual intake. The USDA's Nutrient Data Laboratory determined the F content of brewed and microwaved teas using geographically matched tap water samples. Two brands of top-selling regular and one of decaffeinated teabags were purchased in 36 locations and brewed either by steeping in boiled water or with microwave heating followed by steeping. The mean F content for caffeinated regular brewed tea was 373 +/- 49 mu g/100 g (n = 63) and for decaffeinated tea was 270 +/- 46 mu g/100 g (n = 34). The overall mean for F in microwaved regular tea was lower than regular brew (364 +/- 40 mu g/100 g vs. 322 +/- 30 mu g/100 g (n = 36)). In all cases, prepared tea using water from the Midwest had the highest F-values. The mean F content of the brewed teas was 3-4 times higher than the national mean of the tap water, analyzed separately (71 +/- 33 mu g/100 g). These data are the first nationally representative F-values for brewed teas, and will provide valuable information to the dental and medical research communities in assessment of fluoride intake and impact on dental health. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Pehrsson, Pamela Ruth; Patterson, Kristine Y.; Perry, Charles R.] ARS, Nutr Data Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pehrsson, PR (reprint author), ARS, Nutr Data Lab, USDA, Room 208A,Bldg 005,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pamela.pehrsson@ars.usda.gov FU NIH [Y3-HV-8839]; National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute FX Supported by NIH Agreement Y3-HV-8839 with the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 24 IS 7 BP 971 EP 975 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2010.12.013 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 827PY UT WOS:000295441600009 ER PT J AU Laszlo, JA Yu, Y Lutz, S Compton, DL AF Laszlo, Joseph A. Yu, Ying Lutz, Stefan Compton, David L. TI Glycerol acyl-transfer kinetics of a circular permutated Candida antarctica lipase B SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS B-ENZYMATIC LA English DT Article DE Glycerolysis; Transesterification; Specific activity; Enzyme engineering; Circular permutation ID BIODIESEL FUEL PRODUCTION; ENZYMATIC-SYNTHESIS; FATTY-ACID; TRANSESTERIFICATION; ESTERIFICATION; BIOCATALYST; OIL; ESTERS; LIPIDS AB Triacylglycerols containing a high abundance of unusual fatty acids, such as gamma-linolenic acid, or novel arylaliphatic acids, such as ferulic acid, are useful in pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical applications. Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) is quite often used for non-aqueous synthesis, although the wildtype enzyme can be rather slow with bulky and sterically hindered acyl donor substrates. The catalytic performance of a circularly permutated variant of CALB, cp283, with various acyl donors and glycerol was examined. In comparison to wild-type CALB, butyl oleate and ethyl gamma-linolenate glycerolysis rates were 2.2- and 4.0-fold greater, respectively. Cp283 showed substrate inhibition by glycerol, which was not the case with the wild-type version. With either ethyl ferulate or vinyl ferulate acyl donors, cp283 matched the performance of wild-type CALB. Changes in active site accessibility resulting from circular permutation led to increased catalytic rates for bulky fatty acid esters but did not overcome the steric hindrance or energetic limitations experienced by arylaliphatic esters. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Laszlo, Joseph A.; Compton, David L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Yu, Ying; Lutz, Stefan] Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Laszlo, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Joe.Laszlo@ars.usda.gov RI Lutz, Stefan /H-7853-2013; OI Lutz, Stefan/0000-0003-1043-0162 FU Biotechnology Research and Development Corporation; US National Science Foundation [CBET-0730312]; American Chemical Society [PRF 47135-AC1] FX Leslie Smith (NCAUR) provided valuable technical support for this research. This work was supported in part by funding from the Biotechnology Research and Development Corporation (to J.A.L. and D.L.C.), US National Science Foundation (CBET-0730312 to S.L.), and the Petroleum Research Fund by the American Chemical Society (PRF 47135-AC1 to S.L.). These organizations did not contribute to the study design, data collection, analysis and interpretation, or writing of the report. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-1177 J9 J MOL CATAL B-ENZYM JI J. Mol. Catal. B-Enzym. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 72 IS 3-4 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.06.002 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 825RM UT WOS:000295299800015 ER PT J AU Varanasi, V Shin, S Mattheis, J Rudell, D Zhu, YM AF Varanasi, Vijaya Shin, Sungbong Mattheis, James Rudell, David Zhu, Yanmin TI Expression profiles of the MdACS3 gene suggest a function as an accelerator of apple (Malus X domestica) fruit ripening SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MdACS3; MdACS1; Gene expression; 1-MCP; Ethylene biosynthesis; Ripening season ID 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE; ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; DELICIOUS APPLES; SHELF-LIFE; MD-ACS1; TOMATO; 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE; MATURATION; STORAGE; 1-MCP AB Ethylene plays an important role in apple fruit development and its biosynthesis is catalyzed by the two enzymes ACS (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase) and ACO (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase). Within the apple ACS gene family, at least two members, MdACS1 and MdACS3, are expressed in apple fruit tissues. While MdACS1 expresses only at late ripening stages corresponding to a sudden increase of ethylene production, a typical feature of system-II ethylene biosynthesis, the expression of MdACS3 can be detected as early as 6 weeks before physiological maturity. The objective of this study was to characterize the cultivar-specific dynamics of MdACS3 expression at both preharvest and postharvest stages, its relationship with MdACS1 activation, and its roles in apple fruit ripening and quality. Based on the transcript profiles during 8-week on-tree maturation and ripening, two MdACS3 expression patterns could be clustered among 12 apple cultivars. Most of the cultivars in pattern 1 showed high level expression with a steadily increasing trend, and most of those in pattern 2 exhibited low level expression with a transient peak at or before physiological maturity. These two expression patterns appeared to correlate with fruit ripening season and fruit firmness change during ripening. Unlike MdACS1, the expression of MdACS3 was stimulated by 1-MCP treatment, indicating a negative feedback regulation mechanism. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Shin, Sungbong; Mattheis, James; Rudell, David; Zhu, Yanmin] ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Varanasi, Vijaya] Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Zhu, YM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM yanmin.zhu@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 62 IS 2 BP 141 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2011.05.005 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 825WE UT WOS:000295312000006 ER PT J AU Mendoza, F Lu, RF Ariana, D Cen, HY Bailey, B AF Mendoza, Fernando Lu, Renfu Ariana, Diwan Cen, Haiyan Bailey, Benjamin TI Integrated spectral and image analysis of hyperspectral scattering data for prediction of apple fruit firmness and soluble solids content SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apples; Firmness; Soluble solids; Hyperspectral imaging; Scattering profile analysis; Image analysis ID DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; CLASSIFICATION; ABSORPTION; FEATURES; TEXTURE; BONE AB Spectral scattering is useful for assessing the firmness and soluble solids content (SSC) of apples. In previous research, mean reflectance extracted from the hyperspectral scattering profiles was used for this purpose since the method is simple and fast, and also gives relatively good predictions. The objective of this study was to improve firmness and SSC prediction for 'Golden Delicious' (GD), 'Jonagold' (JG), and 'Delicious' (RD) apples by integration of critical spectral and image features extracted from the hyperspectral scattering images over the wavelength region of 500-1000 nm, using spectral scattering profile and image analysis techniques. Scattering profile analysis was based on mean reflectance method and discrete and continuous wavelet transform decomposition, while image analysis included textural features based on first order statistics, Fourier analysis, co-occurrence matrix and variogram analysis, as well as multi-resolution image features obtained from discrete and continuous wavelet analysis. A total of 294 parameters were extracted by these methods from each apple, which were then selected and combined for predicting fruit firmness and SSC using partial least squares (PLS) method. Prediction models integrating spectral scattering and image characteristics significantly improved firmness and SSC prediction results compared with the mean reflectance method when used alone. The standard errors of prediction (SEP) for GD, JG, and RD apples were reduced by 6.6, 16.1, 13.7% for firmness (R-pred-values of 0.87, 0.95, and 0.84 and the SEPs of 5.9, 7.1, and 8.7 N), and by 11.2, 2.8, and 3.0% for SSC (Rpred-values of 0.88, 0.78, and 0.66 and the SEPs of 0.7, 0.7, and 0.9%), respectively. Hence, integration of spectral and image analysis methods provides an effective means for improving hyperspectral scattering prediction of fruit internal quality. Published by Elsevier B.V.. C1 [Mendoza, Fernando; Lu, Renfu; Bailey, Benjamin] Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Ariana, Diwan; Cen, Haiyan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Mendoza, F (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, 105A-224 Farrall Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM fernando.mendoza@ars.usda.edu RI Cen, Haiyan/F-2633-2010 NR 34 TC 66 Z9 72 U1 8 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 EI 1873-2356 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 62 IS 2 BP 149 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2011.05.009 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 825WE UT WOS:000295312000007 ER PT J AU Erasmus, A Lennox, CL Jordaan, H Smilanick, JL Lesar, K Fourie, PH AF Erasmus, Arno Lennox, Cheryl L. Jordaan, Hennie Smilanick, Joseph L. Lesar, Keith Fourie, Paul H. TI Imazalil residue loading and green mould control in citrus packhouses SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Imazalil sulphate; Green mould; Penicillium digitatum ID 50 DEGREES-C; PENICILLIUM-DIGITATUM; DIP TREATMENTS; RIND WOUNDS; FRUIT; WATER; RESISTANT; FUNGICIDE; ORANGES; LEMONS AB Imazalil (IMZ) is commonly applied in South African citrus packhouses for the control of green mould, caused by Penicillium digitatum, yet the disease still causes significant postharvest losses. The maximum residue limit (MRL) for IMZ on citrus fruit is 5 mu g g(-1), whereas 2-3 mu g g(-1) is a biologically effective residue level that should at least inhibit green mould sporulation. Standard compliance auditing of residue levels of citrus fruit, however, indicate that fruit from the majority of packhouses have residues of approximate to 1 mu g g(-1) Poor disease control from insufficient residue loading might further be compounded by the presence of IMZ-resistant isolates of P. digitatum in packhouses. This study was conducted to assess the current status of IMZ application in South African packhouses, to determine the adequate residue levels needed to control green mould and inhibit its sporulation using both IMZ sensitive and resistant isolates, to investigate IMZ application methods and resultant residue levels in commercial citrus packhouses, and to study optimisation of modes of IMZ application in citrus packhouses. Factors studied were IMZ concentration, application type (spray vs. dip and drench), exposure time, solution temperature and pH, as well as curative and protective control of P. digitatum. The packhouse survey showed that the majority of packhouses applied IMZ in a sulphate salt formulation through a fungicide dip tank, and loaded an IMZ residue of approximate to 1 mu g g-(-1) In dip applications, IMZ had excellent curative and protective activity against Penicillium isolates sensitive to IMZ. However, curative control of IMZ resistant isolates was substantially reduced and protective control was lost, even at twice the recommended concentration, nor was sporulation inhibited. The use of sodium bicarbonate (2%) buffered imazalil sulphate solutions at pH +/- 8, compared with pH +/- 3 of the unbuffered solutions, markedly increased IMZ residue loading on Navel and Valencia oranges and improved curative and protective control of IMZ resistant isolates. Exposure time did not affect IMZ residue loading in IMZ sulphate solutions at pH 3, although the MRL was exceeded after 45 s exposure in pH 8 solutions. Imazalil applied through spray or drench application improved residue loading, but green mould control was less effective than after dip application. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Erasmus, Arno; Lennox, Cheryl L.; Fourie, Paul H.] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Plant Pathol, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Jordaan, Hennie] Imagichem, St Francis Bay, South Africa. [Smilanick, Joseph L.] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA USA. [Lesar, Keith; Fourie, Paul H.] Citrus Res Int, Nelspruit, South Africa. RP Fourie, PH (reprint author), Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Plant Pathol, Lombardi Bldg,Victoria & Neethling St, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. EM phf@cri.co.za FU Citrus Research International; Citrus Academy; National Research Foundation; THRIP FX The authors thank Citrus Research International, Citrus Academy, the National Research Foundation and THRIP for financial support; personnel at the Department of Plant Pathology, University Stellenbosch for assistance; Wilma du Plooy for critical review of the paper; Hearshaw and Kinnes Analytical Laboratory (Pty) Ltd. for residue analyses; Marde Booyse (Genetic and Psychological Biometrician, Biometry Unit, ARC-Infruitec, Stellenbosch) for statistical analysis, ICA international chemicals (Pty) Ltd. for IMZ chemicals, and Adele McLeod for molecular identification of the S and R isolates of P. digitatum used in this study. NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 62 IS 2 BP 193 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2011.05.006 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 825WE UT WOS:000295312000012 ER PT J AU Bai, J Plotto, A Spotts, R Rattanapanone, N AF Bai, Jinhe Plotto, Anne Spotts, Robert Rattanapanone, Nithiya TI Ethanol vapor and saprophytic yeast treatments reduce decay and maintain quality of intact and fresh-cut sweet cherries SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Prunus avium; Fresh-cut; Ethanol; Saprophytic yeast; Storage; Decay; Stem discoloration ID MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE; ACETALDEHYDE VAPOR; TOMATO FRUIT; BROWN-ROT; ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS; FLAVOR DEVELOPMENT; TABLE GRAPES; BLUE MOLD; STORAGE; INHIBITION AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of an ethanol vapor release pad and a saprophytic yeast Cryptococcus infirmo-miniatum (CIM) to reduce decay and maintain postharvest quality of intact or fresh-cut sweet cherries (Prunus avium) cv. Lapins and Bing. Intact or fresh-cut fruit were packed in perforated clamshells (capacity 454 g) and stored at 1, 10 or 20 degrees C for up to 21, 14 and 8 d, respectively. For ethanol treatment, a pad made with silica gel powder containing 10 g ethanol and covered with perforated film, which allows ethanol vapor to diffuse gradually, was attached to the upper lid of the clamshells. Ethanol treatment caused accumulation of ethanol in the packaging headspace, about 10 mu L L(-1) with little change within 14d at 1 degrees C, 23 mu L L(-1) at d 1 and decreased to 15 mu L L(-1) at d 10 at 10 degrees, and 26 mu L L(-1) at d 1 and decreased to 13 mu L L-1 at d 3 at 20 degrees C. Ethanol content in fruit was less than 9 mg kg(-1) in all the control fruit, and increased to 16, 34 and 43 mg kg(-1) in ethanol-treated fruit at 1, 10 and 20 degrees C, respectively. Nonetheless, a sensory taste panel did not perceive any flavor difference from the ethanol treatment. The ethanol treatment retarded softening, darkening, and acid decrease in fruit as well as discoloration of the stems, and extended shelf-life of intact cherries. Ethanol reduced brown rot (Monilinia fructicola) in fresh-cut cherries stored at 20 degrees C, but not at 1 and 10 degrees C. A pre-packaging dip in CIM completely controlled brown rot in inoculated fresh-cut cherries stored at 1 degrees C, and in naturally infected cherries at 20 degrees C. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bai, Jinhe; Plotto, Anne] ARS, USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. [Spotts, Robert] Oregon State Univ, Midcolumbia Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hood River, OR 97031 USA. [Rattanapanone, Nithiya] Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Agroind, Chiang Mai, Thailand. RP Bai, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM jinhe.bai@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 62 IS 2 BP 204 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2011.05.010 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 825WE UT WOS:000295312000013 ER PT J AU Cook, KL Bolster, CH Ayers, KA Reynolds, DN AF Cook, Kimberly L. Bolster, Carl H. Ayers, Kati A. Reynolds, Dale N. TI Escherichia coli Diversity in Livestock Manures and Agriculturally Impacted Stream Waters SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRULENCE GENES; TRANSPORT BEHAVIOR; BIOFILM FORMATION; CELL PROPERTIES; STRAINS; SWINE; PCR; POPULATIONS; SAMPLES; DAIRY AB Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolate diversity enhances the likelihood of survival, spread, and/or transmission of the organism among environments. Understanding the ecology of this important organism is requisite for development of more accurate protocols for monitoring and regulatory purposes. In this study, E. coli diversity, gene profiles and transport properties of isolates from different livestock and water sources were evaluated. Strain diversity was evaluated by BOX-PCR, phylotyping, and profiling for 15 genes associated with adhesion, toxin production, iron acquisition or capsular synthesis. Attachment efficiencies were calculated for 17 isolates following transport through saturated porous media. Richness of genotype profiles for livestock isolates was relatively low (25, 12, and 11 for swine, poultry and dairy, respectively) compared to those from stream-water (115 and 126 from dry or wet weather events, respectively). Attachment efficiencies varied by an order of magnitude (0.039-0.44) and the isolate with the highest attachment efficiency possessed the largest suite of targeted genes including those for adherence (iha, agn43, and fimH), surface exclusion (traT) and the siderophore iroN (E.coli) . Variation in E. coli isolates based on temporal and ecological source was found to translate to equally broad ranges in transport efficiency underscoring the large degree of genotypic and phenotypic variation that exists among E. coli isolates. The impact of this diversity on genetic exchange and the concomitant effect on the organisms' fate and transport under in situ environmental conditions warrant further investigation. These factors also require careful consideration for purposes of modeling, source tracking, and risk assessment. C1 [Cook, Kimberly L.; Bolster, Carl H.] ARS, USDA, AWMRU, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Ayers, Kati A.] Western Kentucky Univ, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. [Reynolds, Dale N.] Kentucky Div Water, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. RP Cook, KL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, AWMRU, 230 Bennett Lane, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM kim.cook@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 63 IS 5 BP 439 EP 449 DI 10.1007/s00284-011-0002-6 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 823YL UT WOS:000295164200007 PM 21874589 ER PT J AU Anderson, KE Sheehan, TH Eckholm, BJ Mott, BM DeGrandi-Hoffman, G AF Anderson, K. E. Sheehan, T. H. Eckholm, B. J. Mott, B. M. DeGrandi-Hoffman, G. TI An emerging paradigm of colony health: microbial balance of the honey bee and hive (Apis mellifera) SO INSECTES SOCIAUX LA English DT Review DE Symbiosis; Extended organism; Social insects; Microbial ecology; Pathogen defense ID FUNGUS-GROWING ANTS; HYPOPHARYNGEAL-GLAND; COLLAPSE DISORDER; MUTUALISTIC BACTERIA; AMERICAN FOULBROOD; INSECTS; POLLEN; SYMBIONTS; DIVERSITY; MICROFLORA AB Across the globe, honey bee populations have been declining at an unprecedented rate. Managed honey bees are highly social, frequent a multitude of environmental niches, and continually share food, conditions that promote the transmission of parasites and pathogens. Additionally, commercial honey bees used in agriculture are stressed by crowding and frequent transport, and exposed to a plethora of agricultural chemicals and their associated byproducts. When considering this problem, the hive of the honey bee may be best characterized as an extended organism that not only houses developing young and nutrient rich food stores, but also serves as a niche for symbiotic microbial communities that aid in nutrition and defend against pathogens. The niche requirements and maintenance of beneficial honey bee symbionts are largely unknown, as are the ways in which such communities contribute to honey bee nutrition, immunity, and overall health. In this review, we argue that the honey bee should be viewed as a model system to examine the effect of microbial communities on host nutrition and pathogen defense. A systems view focused on the interaction of the honey bee with its associated microbial community is needed to understand the growing agricultural challenges faced by this economically important organism. The road to sustainable honey bee pollination may eventually require the detoxification of agricultural systems, and in the short term, the integrated management of honey bee microbial systems. C1 [Anderson, K. E.; Mott, B. M.; DeGrandi-Hoffman, G.] ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Anderson, K. E.; Sheehan, T. H.; Eckholm, B. J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Anderson, KE (reprint author), ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM kirk.anderson@ars.usda.gov OI Eckholm, Bruce/0000-0002-1661-925X NR 123 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 9 U2 126 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1812 EI 1420-9098 J9 INSECT SOC JI Insect. Soc. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 58 IS 4 BP 431 EP 444 DI 10.1007/s00040-011-0194-6 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 819JK UT WOS:000294821000001 ER PT J AU Rhoton, FE Emmerich, WE Nearing, MA McChesney, DS Ritchie, JC AF Rhoton, F. E. Emmerich, W. E. Nearing, M. A. McChesney, D. S. Ritchie, J. C. TI Sediment source identification in a semiarid watershed at soil mapping unit scales SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE Enrichment ratios; Parent material; Stable carbon isotopes; Runoff and erosion; Suspended sediment ID PARTICLE-SIZE CHARACTERISTICS; FLUVIAL SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; MAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS; EROSION; CARBON; CLAY; ENRICHMENT; ARIZONA; REALITY; INDEX AB Selective erosion and transport of silt and clay particles from watershed soil surfaces leads to enrichment of suspended sediments by size fractions that are the most effective scavengers of chemical pollutants. Thus, preferential transport of highly reactive size fractions represents a major problem relative to sediment/chemical transport in watersheds, and offsite water quality. The objective of this research was to develop an approach to Identify sediment sources at a soil mapping unit scale for the purpose of designing site specific best management practices which affect greater reductions in runoff and erosion losses. Surface soil samples were collected along transects from each of the major 25 mapping units in six subwatersheds of the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed. Suspended sediments were collected from supercritical flumes at the mouth of each subwatershed. Laboratory analyses included basic soil/sediment physical and chemical properties, radioisotopes, and stable carbon isotopes, all by standard methods. Aggregation index (Al) values [100. (1 water dispersible clay/total clay)] were taken as an indicator of relative soil erodibility. Potential sediment yield index (PSYI) values were calculated by multiplying percent relative area for individual soil mapping units times (100 Al). Particle size results indicated that suspended sediments were enriched in clay, relative to the watershed soils, by an average of 1.28. Clay enrichment ratios (ER) were significantly (P <= 0.01) and positively correlated with Al. an indication that these two parameters can be equated with erodibility and sediment yield. The PSYI values for the six subwatersheds ranged from 68.0 to 81.7. The stable carbon isotope data for the suspended sediments gave a C3 (shrubs) to C4 plant (grasses) ratio that ranged from 1.06 to 225, indicating greater erosion from the more highly erodible, shrub-dominated subwatersheds which also coincided with the highest PSYI values. Correlation coefficients determined individually for PSYI versus clay ER, C3/C4 plant ratios, and multivariate mixing model results were: 0.962 (P <= 0.01), 0.905 (P <= 0.01), and 0.816 (P <= 0.05), respectively. These statistically significant relationships support the accuracy of a potential sediment yield index approach for identifying suspended sediment sources at soil mapping unit scales. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rhoton, F. E.; McChesney, D. S.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Emmerich, W. E.; Nearing, M. A.] ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Ritchie, J. C.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP McChesney, DS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM dan.mcchesney@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD NOV PY 2011 VL 87 IS 2 BP 172 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2011.05.002 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 812SN UT WOS:000294313300002 ER PT J AU Foster, MA Coffelt, TA Petty, AK AF Foster, M. A. Coffelt, T. A. Petty, A. K. TI Guayule production on the southern high plains SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Guayule; Parthenium argentatum; Cold tolerance; Biomass; Rubber; Resin; Southern High Plains ID IGE ANTIBODIES; LATEX AB Guayule has long been known as a potential source of natural rubber. Native guayule populations are scattered throughout 300,000 km(2) of rangeland in the Chihuahuan Desert of Texas and Mexico. The only native indigenous U.S. stands occur in the Trans Pecos region of southwest Texas, and represent the most northern extension of the plant's habitat. Maximum air temperatures of over 38 degrees C are frequent and minimum temperatures of -23 degrees C have been recorded. Guayule has been successfully cultivated across the arid and semi-arid Southwestern U.S., but new production areas need to be identified in order to meet the expected world-wide shortage of natural rubber by 2020. The objective of our study was to determine if guayule production could be successful farther north on the Southern High Plains near Halfway, TX. Guayule seedlings were transplanted May 18, 2006 at the Texas AgriLife Research Station at Halfway. Seed used included four released lines, AZ-1, AZ-2, AZ-3. and AZ-4: a released USDA cultivar (11591); and three unreleased breeding lines, N9-3, N6-5, and N13-1. Guayule cold damage was estimated in June of 2007 and 2008 using the following index: (1) no damage, (2) slight - injury of terminals to 6 cm, (3) moderate - 2/3 of plant volume injured, (4) severe - all aerial portions killed but resprouting, and (5) complete - beyond recovery with no regrowth. Plant harvests were conducted in April 2008 and March 2009. Following the 2006/2007 winter the cold damage index ranged from 1.2 in 11591 to 3.8 in AZ-1. The minimum air temperature was -15 degrees C. There was minimal cold damage during the 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 winters. Biomass of the 24 month-old shrubs harvested in 2008 varied from 9639 kg/ha in 11591 to 13,393 kg/ha in AZ-4. Shrub biomass in 2009 ranged from 26,721 kg/ha in 11591 to 32,951 kg/ha in N6-5. Rubber yield in 2008 was 222 and 639 kg/ha in AZ-3 and N6-5, respectively. Line AZ-3 yielded 717 kg/ha of rubber in 2009 while line AZ-4 yielded 2006 kg/ha. The critical factor in winter survival appeared to be the temperature regime that existed in the late fall and early winter: a gradual and progressive onset of low temperatures that allowed the shrubs to be dormant when freezing temperatures occurred. Lines 11591 and N6-5 had the least cold damage and hold promise for establishment and rubber production on the Southern High Plains of Texas. Certain production criteria make this area an ideal guayule production site: the long-term annual rainfall averages 460 mm, irrigation water salinity is less than 1 E.C. and is pumped from only 90 m, and center pivot sprinklers are available for establishing guayule by direct-seeding. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Foster, M. A.] Texas AgriLife Res, Pecos, TX 79772 USA. [Coffelt, T. A.] ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Petty, A. K.] Monsanto Co, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Foster, MA (reprint author), Texas AgriLife Res, POB 1549, Pecos, TX 79772 USA. EM ma-foster@tamu.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 34 IS 3 BP 1418 EP 1422 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.04.019 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 809FB UT WOS:000294036100003 ER PT J AU Dong, X Dong, MD Lu, YJ Turley, A Lin, T Wu, CQ AF Dong, Xin Dong, Meidui Lu, Yingjian Turley, Alexandra Lin, Tony Wu, Changqing TI Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of lignin from residue of corn stover to ethanol production SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Biomass ethanol; Lignin residue; Lignin extracts; Antimicrobial activities; Antioxidant activities ID ENERGY; YIELDS AB To improve the economic viability of the biofuel production from biomass resource, a value-added lignin byproduct from this process is increasingly important. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of lignin extracted from residue of corn stover to ethanol production were investigated. The lignin extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activities in hydrophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay and Folin-Ciocalteu test. The extracts also exhibited antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) and yeast (Candida lipolytica), but not Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Enteritidis) or bacteriophage MS2. Different extraction conditions (temperature and residue/solvent ratio) affected the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of lignin extracts. Generally, the bioactivities of lignin extracts were consistent with FTIR analysis results. Lignin byproducts showed the potential for their antioxidant and antimicrobial application. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dong, Xin; Dong, Meidui; Lu, Yingjian; Turley, Alexandra; Wu, Changqing] Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Lin, Tony] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Wu, CQ (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM changwu@udel.edu OI Jin, Tony/0000-0003-0504-5817 NR 19 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 EI 1872-633X J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 34 IS 3 BP 1629 EP 1634 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.06.002 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 809FB UT WOS:000294036100032 ER PT J AU Appell, M Bosma, WB AF Appell, Michael Bosma, Wayne B. TI Effect of surfactants on the spectrofluorimetric properties of zearalenone SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE Fluorescence; Zearalenone; Mycotoxin; Binding constant; Surfactant ID MODULATED PHOTOPHYSICS; FLUORESCENCE; EXTRACTION; CYCLODEXTRINS; ENVIRONMENTS; MYCOTOXINS; AFLATOXINS AB The chemiluminescent properties of the estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone in the presence of aqueous micellar media were investigated using steady state fluorescence techniques. Micelles of surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and non-ionic Triton X-100 enhanced the fluorescence intensity of zearalenone in aqueous solutions. The binding constants have been determined and indicate zearalenone has the highest affinity for Triton X-100, followed by CTAB, and then by SDS. The encapsulation of zearalenone by the micelles studied is spontaneous and exothermic. The selective microenvironments provided by organized micellar systems offer an attractive medium to modulate fluorescence detection of zearalenone. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Appell, Michael] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Bosma, Wayne B.] Bradley Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. RP Appell, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Michael.Appell@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 131 IS 11 BP 2330 EP 2334 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2011.05.061 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 806IY UT WOS:000293802300017 ER PT J AU Wang, SY Chen, HJ Ehlenfeldt, MK AF Wang, Shiow Y. Chen, Hangjun Ehlenfeldt, Mark K. TI Variation in antioxidant enzyme activities and nonenzyme components among cultivars of rabbiteye blueberries (Vaccinium ashei Reade) and V. ashei derivatives SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Antioxidant capacity; Antioxidant enzyme activity; Blueberries; Vaccinium species ID ASCORBIC-ACID; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; SCAVENGING CAPACITY; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SENSITIVE METHOD; OXYGEN; GLUTATHIONE; METABOLISM; PLANTS AB Fruit from 42 blueberry (Vaccinium species) cultivars. including 36 rabbiteye cultivars (Vaccinium ashei Reade), 3 V. ashei hybrid derivatives and 3 northern highbush (V. corymbosum L) standards, were evaluated for antioxidant activities (AA), levels of antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (AsA-POD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD). dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR) and guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD)], and antioxidant nonenzyme components [ascorbic acid (ASA) and glutathione (GSH)]. The results of this study showed that cultivars had varying levels of AA, a wide range of antioxidant enzyme activities and various amounts of nonenzyme components. The correlations between AA and all of the enzyme activities or nonenzyme components were positive and high in the 42 cultivars tested in this study. The correlation (R-2) values between AA and CAT, SOD, DHAR, MDAR, GSH-POD, GR, G-POD and AsA-POD were 0.91, 0.91, 0.91, 0.91, 0.90, 0.90, 0.90, and 0.90, respectively. The correlations between AA and ASA and GSH were 0.94 and 0.92, respectively. Among all 42 cultivars, 'Early May' had the highest activities of the AA, AsA-POD, G-POD, DHAR and MDAR and the highest amounts of ASA and GSH, whereas 'Elliott' had the highest levels of GR, GSH and SOD. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wang, Shiow Y.; Chen, Hangjun] ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Chen, Hangjun] Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci, Inst Food Sci, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Ehlenfeldt, Mark K.] Rutgers State Univ, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, USDA, ARS,Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res & Exten, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM shiow.wang@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 2 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 129 IS 1 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.126 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 788JD UT WOS:000292440300003 ER PT J AU Wada, S Kennedy, JA Reed, BM AF Wada, Sugae Kennedy, James A. Reed, Barbara M. TI Seed-coat anatomy and proanthocyanidins contribute to the dormancy of Rubus seed SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE Germination; Proanthocyanidin; Rubus; Scarification; Sclereid; Testa ID ACID-CATALYSIS; IDAEUS L; GERMINATION; ARABIDOPSIS; TESTA; L.; POLYPHENOLS; LONGEVITY; ENCODES; BANYULS AB Rubus seed has a deep double dormancy that restricts germination due to seed coat structure and chemical composition. Improved germination of diverse Rubus species required for breeding improved blackberry and raspberry cultivars is partly dependent on the seed coat structure. This study evaluated the seed coat structure of three species with thin (R. hoffmeisterianus Kunth & C. D. Bouche). medium (R. occidentalis L) and thick (R. caesius L) seed coats. The three species exhibited distinctive seed-coat cell composition. The very thin testa (0.086 mm) of R. hoffmeisterianus had little exotesta (surface) reticulation; with the meso- and endotesta composed of sclereids of homogenous shape and size. R. occidentalis had a thick testa (0.175 mm) and a highly reticulate exotesta; the meso- and endotesta were composed of several diverse types of sclereids. R. caesius had the thickest seed coat (0.185 mm) but only moderate exotesta reticulation; the meso- and endotesta were composed of large, irregular, loosely arranged sclereids. R. occidentalis, a medium size seed, was the most heavily lignified with seed-coat thickness similar to R. caesius, the largest seed. Proanthocyanidins (PAs) from dry seed of six Rubus species were extracted and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. R. hoffmeisterianus. a thin only slightly hard seed, had half the PA (0.45 mu g/seed) of R. occidentalis with a thick, extremely-hard seed coat and diverse sclereids (1.07 mu g/seed). PA content and sclereid composition both appear contribute to seed coat hardness and resulting seed dormancy. The effectiveness of sulfuric acid for Rubus seed scarification is likely due to degradation of PAs in the testa. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Reed, Barbara M.] USDA ARS Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Wada, Sugae] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kennedy, James A.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. RP Reed, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM wadas@hort.oregonstate.edu; Barbara.Reed@ars.usda.gov RI Kennedy, James/A-1636-2012; OI Kennedy, James/0000-0002-5453-8469; Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5358-21000 038-00D] FX This project was funded by USDA-ARS CRIS project 5358-21000 038-00D. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. This research was part of a Ph.D. dissertation by Sugae Wada. NR 46 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD OCT 31 PY 2011 VL 130 IS 4 BP 762 EP 768 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2011.08.034 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 853SC UT WOS:000297445000012 ER PT J AU Million, JB Ritchie, JT Yeager, TH Larsen, CA Warner, CD Albano, JP AF Million, J. B. Ritchie, J. T. Yeager, T. H. Larsen, C. A. Warner, C. D. Albano, J. P. TI CCROP-Simulation model for container-grown nursery plant production SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE Decision-support tool; Irrigation; Nitrogen; Ornamental; Runoff ID CONTROLLED-RELEASE FERTILIZERS; VIBURNUM-ODORATISSIMUM; OVERHEAD IRRIGATION; CROP COEFFICIENTS; SWEET VIBURNUM; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; NITROGEN; ORNAMENTALS; PHOSPHORUS; EFFICIENCY AB Container Crop Resource Optimization Program (CCROP) is an integrative model which simulates the growth and water and nutrient requirements of a woody ornamental shrub grown in small (2.8-11.4L) containers in a field environment with overhead sprinkler irrigation. The model was developed for producers, producer advisers and researchers to support best management practice decision-making in container nursery production. We describe the primary processes simulated by CCROP particularly how they differ from traditional crops grown in-ground and assess the ability of CCROP to simulate measured values for a range of irrigation and fertilizer trials and transplanting dates. Results of model testing with 11 trials indicate that CCROP provided reasonable outcomes for biomass and leaf area growth as well as evapotranspiration, runoff (container drainage plus un-intercepted irrigation and rainfall) and nitrogen loss. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Million, J. B.; Yeager, T. H.; Larsen, C. A.] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, IFAS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Ritchie, J. T.] Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, IFAS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Warner, C. D.] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Albano, J. P.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP Million, JB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, IFAS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jmillion@ufl.edu; ritchie@msu.edu; yeagert@ufl.edu; calarsen@ufl.edu; warner@astro.ufl.edu; joseph.albano@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS Floral and Nursery Research Initiative; Horticultural Research Institute; Florida Nursery, Growers and Landscape Association FX The financial support of the USDA-ARS Floral and Nursery Research Initiative, Horticultural Research Institute, and Florida Nursery, Growers and Landscape Association's Endowed Research Fund made the development of CCROP possible. We acknowledge the guidance, consultation and encouragement of several industry leaders during development and testing and gratefully recognize the contributions of the late McNair Bostick for developing the original programming code and Gisele Schoene for assistance with experimental measurements. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD OCT 31 PY 2011 VL 130 IS 4 BP 874 EP 886 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2011.08.030 PG 13 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 853SC UT WOS:000297445000028 ER PT J AU Ulyshen, MD Duan, JJ Bauer, LS Gould, J Taylor, P Bean, D Holko, C Van Driesche, R AF Ulyshen, Michael D. Duan, Jian J. Bauer, Leah S. Gould, Juli Taylor, Phil Bean, Dick Holko, Carol Van Driesche, Roy TI Field-cage methodology for evaluating climatic suitability for introduced wood-borer parasitoids: Preliminary results from the emerald ash borer system SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE classical biological control; emerald ash borer; exotic; Fraxinus; invasive; natural enemies ID AGRILUS-PLANIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; HYMENOPTERA EULOPHIDAE; SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; NATURAL ENEMIES; BUPRESTIDAE; CHINA; BRACONIDAE; DORYCTINAE AB Field-cage methods were developed to evaluate the abilities of Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Spathius agrili Yang (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), biocontrol agents of Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), to parasitize, develop and overwinter following three late-season releases at both a northern (Michigan) and a southern (Maryland) location within the current North American range of A. planipennis. In August, September and October of 2009, five young green ash trees were selected at each location. Tetrastichus planipennisi and S. agrili were each randomly assigned to one of two cages attached to each tree, surrounding separate sections of trunk in which late-instar A. planipennis had been inserted. The following April, the caged trunk sections were dissected to determine the fate of each A. planipennis larva and the developmental stages of all recovered parasitoid progeny. At both locations, T. planipennisi and S. agrili were able to parasitize hosts and successfully overwinter (i.e., reach adulthood the following spring). For T. planipennisi, successful parasitism (i.e., parasitoid progeny reached adulthood) occurred for all caged releases in Maryland, but only for the August and September releases in Michigan. At both locations, percent parasitism by T. planipennisi was higher in August and September than in October. For S. agrili, successful parasitism occurred for all caged releases in Maryland, but only for the August release in Michigan. In Maryland, percent parasitism by S. agrili in August and September was higher than in October. The caging method described here should be useful in determining the climatic suitability of other regions before proceeding with large-scale releases of either species and may have utility in other wood-borer parasitoid systems as well. C1 [Ulyshen, Michael D.; Bauer, Leah S.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Duan, Jian J.; Taylor, Phil] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Intro Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. [Bauer, Leah S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Gould, Juli] USDA APHIS PPQ, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. [Bean, Dick; Holko, Carol] Maryland Dept Agr, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Van Driesche, Roy] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Ulyshen, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. EM mulyshen@fs.fed.us; jianduan@udel.edu; lbauer@fs.fed.us; julirgould@aphis.usda.gov; philip.taylor@ars.usda.gov; beanra@mda.state.md.us; holkoca@mda.state.md.us; vandries@cns.umass.edu FU USDA Forest Service Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team FX We thank Timothy Watt, Anthony Capizzo, and Kristopher Abell for assisting with field work in Michigan; Allison Stoklosa, Mike Vella, Jeffrey Wildonger, Kim Rice, Charles Pickett, Mary Jo Klovensky, Rose Buckner, Josette Wiggins, Martin Proctor, Don Allen, Sam Stokes, Roger Barnes, and Chris Sargent for assisting with field work in Maryland; and Douglas Luster, Roger Fuester and two anonymous reviewers for comments on an early draft of the manuscript. This research was supported in part by USDA Forest Service Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team 2008 Technology Development Program to Improve Management of Emerald Ash Borer. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 13 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD OCT 31 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 141 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 846AM UT WOS:000296869600001 PM 22233133 ER PT J AU Myers, DB Kitchen, NR Sudduth, KA Miles, RJ Sadler, EJ Grunwald, S AF Myers, D. Brenton Kitchen, Newell R. Sudduth, Kenneth A. Miles, Randall J. Sadler, E. John Grunwald, Sabine TI Peak functions for modeling high resolution soil profile data SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Depth function; Peak functions; Soil sensors ID MATHEMATICAL CONTRIBUTIONS; COMBINED PENETROMETER; AVAILABLE WATER; DEPTH FUNCTIONS; SKEW VARIATION; SUPPLEMENT; RESISTANCE; REGRESSION; EVOLUTION; MOISTURE AB Parametric and non-parametric depth functions have been used to estimate continuous soil profile properties. However, some soil properties, such as those seen in weathered loess, have anisotropic peak-shaped depth distributions. These distributions are poorly handled by common parametric functions. And while nonparametric functions can handle this data they lack meaningful parameters to describe physical phenomena in the depth distribution of a property such as a peak, an inflection point, or a gradient. The objective of this work is to introduce the use of asymmetric peak functions to model complex and anisotropic soil property depth profiles. These functions have the advantages of providing parameters, which quantify or describe pedogenic processes. We demonstrate the application of the Pearson Type IV (PIV) and the logistic power peak (LPP) functions to high resolution soil property depth profiles measured by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in a claypan soil landscape of Northeastern Missouri, USA. Both peak functions successfully fit clay, silt, and pH data for an example soil profile from a summit landscape position (R(2) = 0.90 for pH and 0.98 for silt and clay). The LPP function was further demonstrated to fit clay depth distribution for a shoulder, backslope, footslope, and a depositional landscape position (R(2) = 0.98, 0.96, 0.96, 0.91). Relationships between the fitted parameters of these profiles were useful to describe landscape trends in their morphological features and show promise to continuously describe pedogenic processes in three dimensions. Peak functions are a useful companion to high-resolution soil profile data collected by sensors and their combined use may allow more intensive mapping and better explanation of soil landscape variability. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Myers, D. Brenton; Kitchen, Newell R.; Sudduth, Kenneth A.; Sadler, E. John] ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Unit, Columbia, MO USA. [Miles, Randall J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Grunwald, Sabine] Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Myers, DB (reprint author), 269 Ag Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM brent.myers@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD OCT 30 PY 2011 VL 166 IS 1 BP 74 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.07.014 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 835NT UT WOS:000296043800007 ER PT J AU Wondzell, SM AF Wondzell, Steven M. TI The role of the hyporheic zone across stream networks SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE hyporheic exchange flows; stream discharge; stream networks; flow exceedance probability; watershed area; hyporheic potential ID EXCHANGE FLOWS; TRANSIENT STORAGE; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; SURFACE-WATER; ECOSYSTEMS; HABITAT; OREGON; METABOLISM; MORPHOLOGY; PATHS AB Many hyporheic papers state that the hyporheic zone is a critical component of stream ecosystems, and many of these papers focus on the biogeochemical effects of the hyporheic zone on stream solute loads. However, efforts to show such relationships have proven elusive, prompting several questions: Are the effects of the hyporheic zone on stream ecosystems so highly variable in place and time (or among streams) that a consistent relationship should not be expected? Or, is the hyporheic zone less important in stream ecosystems than is commonly expected? These questions were examined using data from existing groundwater modelling studies of hyporheic exchange flow at five sites in a fifth-order, mountainous stream network. The size of exchange flows, relative to stream discharge (Q(HEF) : Q), was large only in very small streams at low discharge (area approximate to 100 ha; Q < 10 l/s). At higher flows (flow exceedance probability > 0.7) and in all larger streams, QHEF : Q was small. These data show that biogeochemical processes in the hyporheic zone of small streams can substantially influence the stream's solute load, but these processes become hydrologically constrained at high discharge or in larger streams and rivers. The hyporheic zone may influence stream ecosystems in many ways, however, not just through biogeochemical processes that alter stream solute loads. For example, the hyporheic zone represents a unique habitat for some organisms, with patterns and amounts of upwelling and downwelling water determining the underlying physiochemical environment of the hyporheic zone. Similarly, hyporheic exchange creates distinct patches of downwelling and upwelling. Upwelling environments are of special interest, because upwelling water has the potential to be thermally or chemically distinct from stream water. Consequently, micro-environmental patches created by hyporheic exchange flows are likely to be important to biological and ecosystem processes, even if their impact on stream solute loads is small. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Wondzell, SM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM swondzell@fs.fed.us FU National Science Foundation [DEB 08-23380, EAR-9506669, EAR-9909564]; US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; Oregon State University FX Special thanks to K. Bencala, M. Gooseff, and B. McGlynn for helpful discussions and reviews of this manuscript. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation's Hydrologic Sciences Program (EAR-9506669 and EAR-9909564). Data were provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 08-23380), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. NR 40 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 69 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD OCT 30 PY 2011 VL 25 IS 22 BP 3525 EP 3532 DI 10.1002/hyp.8119 PG 8 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 838HF UT WOS:000296277400014 ER PT J AU Schlossberg, S King, DI Chandler, RB AF Schlossberg, Scott King, David I. Chandler, Richard B. TI Effects of low-density housing development on shrubland birds in western Massachusetts SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Exurban development; Housing; Shrubland birds; Massachusetts; Nest predation; Urbanization ID LAND-USE; EXURBAN DEVELOPMENT; UNITED-STATES; NEW-ENGLAND; BIOTIC HOMOGENIZATION; HABITAT RELATIONSHIPS; FOREST BIRDS; NEST SUCCESS; URBANIZATION; LANDSCAPE AB Housing development in rural areas is the fastest-growing type of land use in the U.S. For birds, development near natural habitats is a problem because it can reduce abundances and nesting success and increase brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater). In southern New England, populations of shrubland birds are declining rapidly while exurban development is widespread and increasing. We studied effects of landscape-scale low-density housing development on abundance and nesting success of birds in western Massachusetts shrublands. Study sites included beaver wetlands, utility rights-of-way managed as shrublands. regenerating clearcuts, and mechanically treated old fields. Of 14 focal bird species, four increased with development within 1 km of study sites whereas white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) decreased. Abundances of avian nest predators increased slightly with development, and abundances of brown-headed cowbirds decreased with development. Prairie warblers (Dendroica discolor) had lower nest success in more developed areas, but for seven bird other species and the community as a whole, nest success did not change with development in the surrounding landscape. Brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds was higher on sites with more development. Overall, only white-throated sparrow and prairie warbler showed negative impacts of development, but both of these species are declining rapidly in New England. Housing development in the surrounding landscape should be a consideration in management of these species. For other shrubland birds, however, low-density housing development at the landscape scale appears to have more neutral or even positive effects. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schlossberg, Scott; King, David I.; Chandler, Richard B.] Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [King, David I.] Univ Massachusetts Amherst, USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Schlossberg, S (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Dept Environm Conservat, 204 Holdsworth Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM srs@eco.umass.edu; dking@fs.fed.us; rchandler@eco.umass.edu RI Chandler, Richard/D-8831-2014; Chandler, Richard/F-9702-2016 FU National Resources Conservation Service, Resource Inventory and Assessment Division; Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife FX Thanks to the National Resources Conservation Service, Resource Inventory and Assessment Division for providing financial support for S. S. Funding for fieldwork was provided by the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife. Thanks to four anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on the manuscript. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 EI 1872-6062 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD OCT 30 PY 2011 VL 103 IS 1 BP 64 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.06.001 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 832AF UT WOS:000295771500007 ER PT J AU Carlson, MA Lohse, KA McIntosh, JC McLain, JET AF Carlson, Mark A. Lohse, Kathleen A. McIntosh, Jennifer C. McLain, Jean E. T. TI Impacts of urbanization on groundwater quality and recharge in a semi-arid alluvial basin SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Urban; Groundwater; CFCs; Isotopes; Recharge; Tritium/helium ID UNSATURATED ZONE; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS CCL3F; STORMWATER INFILTRATION; SANDSTONE AQUIFER; TRACE COMPONENTS; MIXING RATIOS; LANDFILL GAS; URBAN AREA; WATER; ARIZONA AB The management of groundwater resources is paramount in semi-arid regions experiencing urban development. In the southwestern United States, enhancing recharge of urban storm runoff has been identified as a strategy for augmenting groundwater resources. An understanding of how urbanization may impact the timing of groundwater recharge and its quality is a prerequisite for mitigating water scarcity and identifying vulnerability to contamination. We sampled groundwater wells along the Rillito Creek in southern Arizona that had been previously analyzed for tritium in the late 1980s to early 1990s and analyzed samples for tritium ((3)H) and helium-3 ((3)H/(3)He) to evaluate changes in (3)H and age date groundwaters. Groundwater samples were also analyzed for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and basic water quality metrics. Substantial changes in (3)H values from waters sampled in the early 1990s compared to 2009 were identified after accounting for radioactive decay and indicate areas of rapid recharge. (3)H-(3)He groundwater ages ranged from 22 years before 2009 to modern recharge. CFC-11, -12 and -113 concentrations were anomalously high across the basin, and non-point source pollution in runoff and/or leaky infrastructure was identified as the most plausible source of this contamination. CFCs were strongly and positively correlated to nitrate (r(2) = 0.77) and a mobile trace metal, nickel (r(2) = 0.71), suggesting that solutes were derived from a similar source. Findings from this study suggest new waters from urban non-point sources are contributing to groundwater recharge and adversely affecting water quality. Reducing delivery of contaminants to areas of focused recharge will be critical to protect future groundwater resources. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Carlson, Mark A.; Lohse, Kathleen A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McIntosh, Jennifer C.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McLain, Jean E. T.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Lohse, KA (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM klohse@isu.edu FU Water Resources Research Center [104b]; University of Arizona; Geological Society of America; Arizona Water Association; National Science Foundation and Ecosystem Science [DEB 0918373, DEB1063362]; National Science Foundation [EPS-0814387] FX We would like to thank those responsible for funding this project: Water Resources Research Center 104b Grant, a Technology and Research Initiative Fund (TRIF) grant from the University of Arizona Water Sustainability Program (WSP), a Geological Society of America Graduate Student Grant, University of Arizona Peace Corps Fellowship, an Arizona Water Association Scholarship, and National Science Foundation and Ecosystem Science program (DEB 0918373, DEB1063362). Kathleen Lohse at Idaho State University was supported by the NSF Idaho EPSCoR Program and by the National Science Foundation under award number EPS-0814387. We would also like to thank Bruce Prior, John Hoffmann, and Laura Aldag for the help accessing the groundwater wells used in this study. Finally, thanks to Mary Kay Amistadi, Brad Esser, and James Happel for their help with sample analysis and Chris Eastoe for a friendly review of the manuscript. NR 120 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD OCT 28 PY 2011 VL 409 IS 1-2 BP 196 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.08.020 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 842LT UT WOS:000296601600017 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Hernandez, O Cote, GL Kolida, S Rastall, RA Sanz, ML AF Hernandez-Hernandez, Oswaldo Cote, Gregory L. Kolida, Sofia Rastall, Robert A. Luz Sanz, M. TI In Vitro Fermentation of Alternansucrase Raffinose-Derived Oligosaccharides by Human Gut Bacteria SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE raffinose; oligosaccharides; alternansucrase; prebiotic ID HUMAN COLONIC MICROBIOTA; FAMILY OLIGOSACCHARIDES; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; DIETARY MODULATION; SITU HYBRIDIZATION; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; LUPIN SEEDS; PREBIOTICS; GROWTH; BIFIDOBACTERIUM AB In this work, in vitro fermentation of alternansucrase raffinose-derived oligosaccharides, previously fractionated according to their degree of polymerization (DP; from DP4 to DP10), was carried out using small-scale pH-controlled batch cultures at 37 degrees C under anaerobic conditions with human feces. Bifidogenic activity of oligosaccharides with DP4-6 similar to that of lactulose was observed; however, in general, a significant growth of lactic acid bacteria Bacteroides, Atopobium cluster, and Clostridium histolyticum group was not shown during incubation. Acetic acid was the main short chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced during the fermentation process; the highest levels of this acid were shown by alternansucrase raffinose acceptor pentasaccharides at 10 h (63.11 mM) and heptasaccharides at 24 h (54.71 mM). No significant differences between the gas volume produced by the mixture of raffinose-based oligosaccharides (DPS-DP10) and inulin after 24 h of incubation were detected, whereas lower gas volume was generated by DP4 oligosaccharides. These findings indicate that novel raffinose-derived oligosaccharides (DP4-DP10) could be a new source of prebiotic carbohydrates. C1 [Hernandez-Hernandez, Oswaldo; Luz Sanz, M.] Inst Quim Organ Gen CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain. [Cote, Gregory L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Kolida, Sofia; Rastall, Robert A.] Univ Reading, Dept Food Biosci, Whiteknights, Berks, England. RP Sanz, ML (reprint author), Inst Quim Organ Gen CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain. EM mlsanz@iqog.csic.es RI Hernandez, Oswaldo/I-4360-2012; Sanz, Maria Luz/G-3815-2011 OI Hernandez-Hernandez, Oswaldo/0000-0002-5670-4563; Sanz, Maria Luz/0000-0002-8156-4734 FU Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [AGL2009-11909]; Junta de Castilla-La Mancha; CSIC; European regional development fund (ERDF) [POII10-0178-4685] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (AGL2009-11909) and from Junta de Castilla-La Mancha and European regional development fund (ERDF) (POII10-0178-4685). Oswald Hernandez-Hernandez thanks the CSIC for a JAE-PreDoc PhD grant. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 26 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 20 BP 10901 EP 10906 DI 10.1021/jf202466s PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 833WD UT WOS:000295915000017 PM 21913653 ER PT J AU Zhang, HJ Bartley, GE Mitchell, CR Zhang, H Yokoyama, W AF Zhang, Huijuan Bartley, Glenn E. Mitchell, Cheryl R. Zhang, Hui Yokoyama, Wallace TI Lower Weight Gain and Hepatic Lipid Content in Hamsters Fed High Fat Diets Supplemented with White Rice Protein, Brown Rice Protein, Soy Protein, and their Hydrolysates SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE white rice protein; brown rice protein; cholesterol; bile acid; body weight; CYP7A1; CYP51 ID GENE-EXPRESSION; CHOLESTEROL-METABOLISM; SOYBEAN PROTEIN; ACID SYNTHESIS; 2 CULTIVARS; RATS; PEPTIDES; PLASMA; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; IDENTIFICATION AB The physiological effects of the hydrolysates of white rice protein (WRP), brown rice protein (BRP), and soy protein (SP) hydrolyzed by the food grade enzyme, alcalase2.4 L, were compared to the original protein source. Male Syrian Golden hamsters were fed high-fat diets containing either 20% casein (control) or 20% extracted proteins or their hydrolysates as the protein source for 3 weeks. The brown rice protein hydrolysate (BRPH) diet group reduced weight gain 76% compared with the control. Animals fed the BRPH supplemented diet also had lower final body weight, liver weight, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and liver cholesterol, and higher fecal fat and bile acid excretion than the control. Expression levels of hepatic genes for lipid oxidation, PPAR alpha, ACOX1, and CPT1, were highest for hamsters fed the BRPH supplemented diet. Expression of CYP7A1, the gene regulating bile acid synthesis, was higher in all test groups. Expression of CYP51, a gene coding for an enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis, was highest in the BRPH diet group. The results suggest that BRPH includes unique peptides that reduce weight gain and hepatic cholesterol synthesis. C1 [Zhang, Huijuan; Bartley, Glenn E.; Yokoyama, Wallace] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Zhang, Huijuan; Zhang, Hui] Jiangnan Univ, Sch Food Sci & Technol, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Provinc, Peoples R China. [Mitchell, Cheryl R.] Creat Res Management, Stockton, CA 95205 USA. RP Yokoyama, W (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Yokoyama@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 26 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 20 BP 10927 EP 10933 DI 10.1021/jf202721z PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 833WD UT WOS:000295915000021 PM 21913675 ER PT J AU Nayak, B Berrios, JDJ Powers, JR Tang, J AF Nayak, Balunkeswar Berrios, Jose De J. Powers, Joseph R. Tang, Juming TI Thermal Degradation of Anthocyanins from Purple Potato (Cv. Purple Majesty) and Impact on Antioxidant Capacity SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE purple potato; thermal treatment; thermal degradation; kinetics; anthocyanins; antioxidant capacity ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L.; BLOOD ORANGE; KINETICS; COLOR; STABILITY; EXTRACT; JUICE; CONCENTRATE; CYANIDIN; RED AB Degradation parameters of purified anthocyanins from purple-fleshed potato (cv. Purple Majesty) heated at high temperatures (100-150 degrees C) were determined. Purified anthocyanins, prepared by removing salts, sugars, and colorless nonanthocyanin phenolics from the crude extract, were monitored and quantified using HPLC and spectrophotometry for heat-induced degradation products. Separation of colorless phenolics from the anthocyanins was confirmed using HPLC at two wavelengths, 280 and 520 nm. The degradation kinetics of purified anthocyanins followed a first-order reaction with reaction rate constants (k values) of 0.0262-0.2855 min(-1), an activation energy of 72.89 kJ/mol, thermal death times (D values) of 8.06-8789 min, and a z value of 47.84 degrees C over the temperature range of 100-150 degrees C. The enthalpy and entropy of activation were 59.97 kJ/mol and -116.46 J/mol.K, respectively. The antioxidant capacity in the purified anthocyanins, measured by DPPH and ABTS assays, was increased after the thermal treatment, indicating antioxidant activities of degradation products in the samples. C1 [Nayak, Balunkeswar; Tang, Juming] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. [Berrios, Jose De J.] ARS, Proc Foods Res Unit, WRRC, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Powers, Joseph R.] Washington State Univ, Sch Food Sci, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. RP Tang, J (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. RI Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009; OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004; Nayak, Balunkeswar/0000-0001-5831-5193 FU Washington State Potato Commission FX We acknowledge the Washington State Potato Commission for the financial support to carry out the study. NR 44 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 26 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 20 BP 11040 EP 11049 DI 10.1021/jf201923a PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 833WD UT WOS:000295915000035 PM 21800848 ER PT J AU Yokoyama, W Anderson, WHK Albers, DR Hong, YJ Langhorst, ML Hung, SC Lin, JT Young, SA AF Yokoyama, Wallace Anderson, William H. K. Albers, David R. Hong, Yun-Jeong Langhorst, Marsha L. Hung, Shao-Ching Lin, Jiann-Tsyh Young, Scott A. TI Dietary Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Increases Excretion of Saturated and Trans Fats by Hamsters Fed Fast Food Diets SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE HPMC; dietary fibers; fecal lipids; cholesterol lowering; hamsters ID LIPID ABSORPTION; SERUM-LIPIDS; BILE-ACIDS; CHOLESTEROL; VISCOSITY; HYDROXYPROPYLMETHYLCELLULOSE; OBESITY; FIBER; METAANALYSIS; CELLULOSE AB In animal studies, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) intake results in increased fecal fat excretion; however, the effects on dietary saturated fatty acids (SATs) and trans-fatty acids (TRANS) remain unknown. This study investigated the effect of HPMC on digestion and absorption of lipids in male Golden Syrian hamsters fed either freeze-dried ground pizza (PZ), pound cake (PC), or hamburger and fries (BF) supplemented with dietary fiber from either HPMC or microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) for 3 weeks. We observed greater excretion of SATs and TRANS by both diets supplemented with HPMC or MCC as compared to the feed. SAT, TRANS, and unsaturated fatty acids (UNSAT) contents of feces of the PZ diet supplemented with HPMC were 5-8 times higher than diets supplemented with MCC and tended to be higher in the PC- and BF-HPMC supplemented diets as well. We also observed significant increases in fecal excretion of bile acids (2.6-3-fold; P < 0.05), sterols (1.1-1.5-fold; P < 0.05), and unsaturated fatty acids (UNSAT, 1.7-4.5-fold; P < 0.05). The animal body weight gain was inversely correlated with the excretion of fecal lipid concentrations of bile acids (r = -0.56; P < 0.005), sterols (r = -0.48; P < 0.005), SAT (r = -0.69; P < 0.005), UNSAT (r = -0.67; P < 0.005), and TRANS (r = -0.62; P < 0.005). Therefore, HPMC may be facilitating fat excretion in a biased manner with preferential fecal excretion of both TRANS and SAT in hamsters fed fast food diets. C1 [Anderson, William H. K.; Albers, David R.; Langhorst, Marsha L.; Hung, Shao-Ching; Young, Scott A.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48667 USA. [Yokoyama, Wallace; Hong, Yun-Jeong; Lin, Jiann-Tsyh] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Young, SA (reprint author), Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48667 USA. EM sayoung@dow.com NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 26 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 20 BP 11249 EP 11254 DI 10.1021/jf2020914 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 833WD UT WOS:000295915000060 PM 21913668 ER PT J AU Raatz, SK Golovko, MY Brose, SA Rosenberger, TA Burr, GS Wolters, WR Picklo, MJ AF Raatz, Susan K. Golovko, Mikhail Y. Brose, Stephen A. Rosenberger, Thad A. Burr, Gary S. Wolters, William R. Picklo, Matthew J., Sr. TI Baking Reduces Prostaglandin, Resolvin, and Hydroxy-Fatty Acid Content of Farm-Raised Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Salmon; lipid peroxidation; resolvins; prostaglandins ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; IN-VIVO; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; OXIDATION; RECEPTORS; PRODUCT; QUALITY; MEAT; F-3-ISOPROSTANES; CHOLESTEROL AB The consumption of seafood enriched in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. Several n-3 oxidation products from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) have known protective effects in the vasculature. It is not known whether the consumption of cooked seafood enriched in n-3 PUPA causes appreciable consumption of lipid oxidation products. We tested the hypothesis that baking Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) increases the level of n-3 and n-6 PUFA oxidation products over raw salmon. We measured the contents of several monohydroxy-fatty acids (MHFA), prostanoids, and resolvins. Our data demonstrate that baking did not change the overall total levels of MHFA. However, baking resulted in selective regioisomeric loss of hydroxy fatty acids from arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) and EPA, while significantly increasing hydroxyl-linoleic acid levels. The contents of prostanoids and resolvins were reduced several-fold with baking. The inclusion of a coating on the salmon prior to baking reduced the loss of some MHFA but had no effect on prostanoid losses incurred by baking. Baking did not decrease n-3 PUFA contents, indicating that baking of salmon is an acceptable means of preparation that does not alter the potential health benefits of high n-3 seafood consumption. The extent to which the levels of MHFA, prostanoids, and resolvins in the raw or baked fish have physiologic consequence for humans needs to be determined. C1 [Raatz, Susan K.; Picklo, Matthew J., Sr.] ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. [Raatz, Susan K.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Golovko, Mikhail Y.; Brose, Stephen A.; Rosenberger, Thad A.; Picklo, Matthew J., Sr.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Pharmacol Physiol & Therapeut, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Picklo, Matthew J., Sr.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Chem, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Burr, Gary S.; Wolters, William R.] ARS, Natl Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Ctr, USDA, Franklin, ME 04634 USA. RP Picklo, MJ (reprint author), ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. EM matthew.picklo@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [5450-51000-048-00D, 1915-31000-003-00D]; NIH [2P20RR017699-09, 5P20RR017699] FX This work was funded by U.S. Department of Agriculture 5450-51000-048-00D (M.J.P. and S.K.R.) and U.S. Department of Agriculture 1915-31000-003-00D (W.RW. and G.S.B.), NIH 2P20RR017699-09 (TAR), and the NIH-funded Centers of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) Mass Spectrometry Core Facility Grant 5P20RR017699 (M.Y.G.). NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 26 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 20 BP 11278 EP 11286 DI 10.1021/jf202576k PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 833WD UT WOS:000295915000064 PM 21919483 ER PT J AU Teng, NIMF Shahar, S Manaf, ZA Das, SK Taha, CSC Ngah, WZW AF Teng, Nur Islami Mohd Fahmi Shahar, Suzana Manaf, Zahara Abdul Das, Sai Krupa Taha, Che Suhaili Che Ngah, Wan Zurinah Wan TI Efficacy of fasting calorie restriction on quality of life among aging men SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Aging; Calorie restriction; Men; Nutrition; Quality of life ID ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; BODY-COMPOSITION; HUMANS; HEALTH; WEIGHT; ADULTS AB Calorie restriction (CR) has been promoted to increase longevity. Previous studies have indicated that CR can negatively affect mood and therefore the effect of CR on mood and quality of life (QOL) becomes crucial when considering the feasibility of CR in humans. We conducted a three month clinical trial on CR (reduction of 300 to 500 kcal/day) combined with two days/week of Muslim sunnah fasting (FCR) to determine the effectiveness of FCR on QOL among aging men in Kiang Valley, Malaysia. A total of 25 healthy Malay men (age 58.8 +/- 5.1 years), with no chronic diseases and a BMI of 23.0 to 29.9 kg/m(2) were randomized to FCR (n = 12) and control (n = 13) groups. Body composition measurements and QOL questionnaires were ascertained at baseline, week 6 and week 12. QOL was measured using the Short-Form 36, sleep quality was determined using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Beck Depression Inventory II was used to measure mood and the Perceived Stress Scale was used to measure depression. The FCR group had a significant reduction in body weight, BMI, body fat percentage and depression (P < 0.05). The energy component of QOL was significantly increased in FCR group (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in sleep quality and stress level between the groups as a result of the intervention. In conclusion, FCR resulted in body weight and fat loss and alleviated depression with some improvement in the QOL in our study and has the potential to be implemented on a wider scale. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Teng, Nur Islami Mohd Fahmi; Shahar, Suzana; Manaf, Zahara Abdul; Taha, Che Suhaili Che] Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Dept Nutr & Dietet, Fac Allied Hlth Sci, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia. [Das, Sai Krupa] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ngah, Wan Zurinah Wan] Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Dept Biochem, Fac Med, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia. RP Shahar, S (reprint author), Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Dept Nutr & Dietet, Fac Allied Hlth Sci, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia. EM suzanas@medic.ukm.my FU Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia [UKM-AP-TKP-09-2009] FX We are grateful to the participants, fieldworkers, health staff and others involved in the data collection. Financial support was received from the research university grant of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM-AP-TKP-09-2009). We acknowledge the input from other researchers in the team during the development of the FCR regime. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD OCT 24 PY 2011 VL 104 IS 5 BP 1059 EP 1064 DI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.07.007 PG 6 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 837MP UT WOS:000296208200057 PM 21781980 ER PT J AU Lecker, JL Matthan, NR Billheimer, JT Rader, DJ Lichtenstein, AH AF Lecker, Jaime L. Matthan, Nirupa R. Billheimer, Jeffrey T. Rader, Daniel J. Lichtenstein, Alice H. TI Changes in Cholesterol Homeostasis Modify the Response of F1B hamsters to Dietary Very Long Chain n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids SO LIPIDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN-1; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR; FISH-OIL; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR; SYRIAN-HAMSTER; RAT-LIVER; STEROL TRANSPORTERS; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Background: The plasma lipoprotein response of F1B Golden-Syrian hamsters fed diets high in very long chain (VLC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is paradoxical to that observed in humans. This anomaly is attributed, in part, to low lipoprotein lipase activity and is dependent on cholesterol status. To further elucidate the mechanism(s) for these responses, hamsters were fed diets containing supplemental fish oil (VLC n-3 PUFA) or safflower oil (n-6 PUFA) (both 10% [w/w]) and either cholesterol-supplemented (0.1% cholesterol [w/w]) or cholesterol-depleted (0.01% cholesterol [w/w] and 10 days prior to killing fed 0.15% lovastatin+2% cholestyramine [w/w]). Results: Cholesterol-supplemented hamsters fed fish oil, relative to safflower oil, had higher non-high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations (P < 0.001) which were associated with lower hepatic low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1c and acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyl transferase-2 (ACAT) mRNA and protein (p < 0.05), and higher hepatic apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 and apo E protein levels. In contrast, cholesterol-depleted hamsters fed fish oil, relative to safflower oil, had lower non-HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations (P < 0.001) which were associated with lower hepatic SREBP-1c (p < 0.05) but not apo B-100, apo E or ACAT-2 mRNA or protein levels. Independent of cholesterol status, fish oil fed hamsters had lower HDL cholesterol concentrations (p < 0.001), which were associated with lower hepatic apoA-I protein levels (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These data suggest disturbing cholesterol homeostasis in F1B hamsters alters their response to dietary fatty acids, which is reflected in altered plasma lipoprotein patterns and regulation of genes associated with their metabolism. C1 [Lecker, Jaime L.; Matthan, Nirupa R.; Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Billheimer, Jeffrey T.; Rader, Daniel J.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Cardiovasc Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM alice.lichtenstein@tufts.edu FU NIH/NHLBI [5T32HL069772]; USDA [588-1950-9-001] FX Supported by Grant NIH/NHLBI 5T32HL069772 (JLL) and USDA agreement 588-1950-9-001. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-511X J9 LIPIDS HEALTH DIS JI Lipids Health Dis. PD OCT 21 PY 2011 VL 10 AR 186 DI 10.1186/1476-511X-10-186 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 849EO UT WOS:000297108600001 PM 22018327 ER PT J AU DiLeo, MV Strahan, GD den Bakker, M Hoekenga, OA AF DiLeo, Matthew V. Strahan, Gary D. den Bakker, Meghan Hoekenga, Owen A. TI Weighted Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA) Applied to the Tomato Fruit Metabolome SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; BIOLOGICAL NETWORKS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTOMICS; REVEALS; PLANTS; IDENTIFICATION; DOMESTICATION; INTEGRATION AB Background: Advances in "omics'' technologies have revolutionized the collection of biological data. A matching revolution in our understanding of biological systems, however, will only be realized when similar advances are made in informatic analysis of the resulting "big data.'' Here, we compare the capabilities of three conventional and novel statistical approaches to summarize and decipher the tomato metabolome. Methodology: Principal component analysis (PCA), batch learning self-organizing maps (BL-SOM) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were applied to a multivariate NMR dataset collected from developmentally staged tomato fruits belonging to several genotypes. While PCA and BL-SOM are appropriate and commonly used methods, WGCNA holds several advantages in the analysis of highly multivariate, complex data. Conclusions: PCA separated the two major genetic backgrounds (AC and NC), but provided little further information. Both BL-SOM and WGCNA clustered metabolites by expression, but WGCNA additionally defined "modules'' of co-expressed metabolites explicitly and provided additional network statistics that described the systems properties of the tomato metabolic network. Our first application of WGCNA to tomato metabolomics data identified three major modules of metabolites that were associated with ripening-related traits and genetic background. C1 [DiLeo, Matthew V.; den Bakker, Meghan; Hoekenga, Owen A.] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [DiLeo, Matthew V.; den Bakker, Meghan; Hoekenga, Owen A.] ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. [Strahan, Gary D.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP DiLeo, MV (reprint author), Keygene Inc, Rockville, MD USA. EM Owen.Hoekenga@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture FX This work was supported by the Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 56 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 51 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 21 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 10 AR e26683 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0026683 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 841LG UT WOS:000296513200039 PM 22039529 ER PT J AU Bowling, DR Massman, WJ AF Bowling, D. R. Massman, W. J. TI Persistent wind-induced enhancement of diffusive CO2 transport in a mountain forest snowpack SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SUB-ALPINE FOREST; CARBON-DIOXIDE; HIGH-ELEVATION; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS; FIRN VENTILATION; CANOPY STRUCTURE; AIR MOVEMENT; SOIL SURFACE; FLUXES AB Diffusion dominates the transport of trace gases between soil and the atmosphere. Pressure gradients induced by atmospheric flow and wind interacting with topographical features cause a small but persistent bulk flow of air within soil or snow. This forcing, called pressure pumping or wind pumping, leads to a poorly quantified enhancement of gas transport beyond the rate of molecular diffusion. This study was conducted to quantify the role of pressure pumping in enhancement of CO2 transport through a mountain forest seasonal snowpack. Observations of (CO2)-C-12 and (CO2)-C-13 within the snowpack, soil, and air of a subalpine forest were made over three winters in the Rocky Mountains, USA. These molecules differ in their rates of diffusion, providing a means to quantify the relative importance of diffusion and advection. An empirical model was developed to describe the transport of these gases through the snowpack, assuming that isotopic variability was caused solely by wind. We found that advection was a persistent phenomenon within the snowpack. Under calm conditions, isotopic patterns followed those associated with diffusion. In the presence of wind, the 4.4 parts per thousand isotopic effect of diffusion was diminished, and transport was enhanced beyond the diffusive rate for a given mole fraction gradient. Pressure pumping in our forest snowpack enhanced transport of CO2 beyond molecular diffusion by up to 40% in the short term (hours) but by at most 8%-11% when integrated over a winter. These results should be applicable to trace gas transport in a variety of biogeochemical applications. C1 [Bowling, D. R.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Massman, W. J.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Bowling, DR (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, 257 South,1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM david.bowling@utah.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB 0743251]; Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER63904] FX CO2 isotope data from the Niwot Ridge AmeriFlux site, including the undersnow data, are available for collaborative use by any interested researcher; contact the corresponding author. D. R. B. is grateful to the U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station for hosting a sabbatical visit. Thanks to Sean Burns and Russ Monson for sharing wind data, to John Knowles and Kurt Chowanski for outstanding field assistance, and to Thure Cerling, Greg Maurer, and Mark Williams for helpful discussions. We are grateful for logistical support from the Niwot Ridge Long-Term Ecological Research Program, funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF). Thanks to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service, Colorado Snow Survey Program, for maintaining the SNOTEL network and sharing their data. This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, grant DE-FG02-04ER63904, and NSF grant DEB 0743251. NR 69 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD OCT 20 PY 2011 VL 116 AR G04006 DI 10.1029/2011JG001722 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 836XE UT WOS:000296150600002 ER PT J AU Cooper, WR Rieske, LK AF Cooper, William R. Rieske, Lynne K. TI Chestnut species and jasmonic acid treatment influence development and community interactions of galls produced by the Asian chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chestnut blight; Cynipidae; endophyte; lesser chestnut weevil; plant signaling compounds; Torymus ID OCTADECANOID SIGNALING PATHWAY; VEGETATIVE STORAGE PROTEIN; CATHARANTHUS-ROSEUS; INDUCED RESISTANCE; METHYL JASMONATE; TOMATO PLANTS; YASUMATSU HYMENOPTERA; INSECT GALLS; BIOSYNTHESIS; CYNIPIDAE AB Jasmonic acid (JA) is a plant-signaling hormone involved in defenses against insects and pathogens as well as the regulation of nutrient partitioning. Gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) induce the formation of galls on their host plants, which house immature wasps and provide them with nutrition and protection. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of JA application on gall development and defenses. Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) galls on American chestnut, Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkhausen (Fagales: Fagaceae), and Chinese chestnut, C. mollissima Blume, were treated with JA or a JA-inhibitor, diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DIECA), to determine the effects of these treatments on gall characteristics and defenses. Chinese chestnut galls treated with JA had greater volume and dry weight, thicker sclerenchyma layers, and fewer external fungal lesions compared with controls. Galls from both chestnut species treated with JA contained a lower proportion of empty chambers, and elevated tannin levels compared with controls. The effects of DIECA on galls were generally opposite from those of JA. American chestnut galls treated with DIECA had lower dry weight and fewer feeding punctures caused by the lesser chestnut weevil compared with controls. Galls from both chestnut species that were treated with DIECA were smaller and had more external fungal lesions compared with controls. Compared to American chestnut galls, Chinese chestnut galls had increased parasitism rates and fewer gall wasps. This study is the first to investigate the effects of JA on an insect gall, and indicates that JA treatments benefit gall wasps by increasing gall size and defenses. C1 [Cooper, William R.; Rieske, Lynne K.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Cooper, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 17053 N Shafter Ave, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. EM rodney.cooper@ars.usda.gov; lrieske@uky.edu RI Cooper, William/D-3205-2017 FU American Chestnut Foundation; Northern Nut Growers Association; Kentucky Agricultural Experimental Station [09-08-012] FX We thank Dr. Fred Hebard of the American Chestnut Foundation for plant material and Dr. Joe Chappell of the University of Kentucky for technical advice. This research was funded by the American Chestnut Foundation, the Northern Nut Growers Association, and McIntire Stennis funds from the Kentucky Agricultural Experimental Station, and is published as Experiment Station Project 09-08-012. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 66 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD OCT 20 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 140 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 835OA UT WOS:000296044500002 PM 22233098 ER PT J AU Qayyum, A Razzaq, A Ahmad, M Jenks, MA AF Qayyum, Abdul Razzaq, Abdul Ahmad, Muhammad Jenks, Matthew A. TI Water stress causes differential effects on germination indices, total soluble sugar and proline content in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Wheat; Triticum aestivum; water stress; osmotic stress; proline; sugar; seedling; germination ID POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; DROUGHT TOLERANCE; SEEDLING GROWTH; OSMOTIC-STRESS; SALT STRESS; ACCUMULATION; PLANTS; RESPONSES; SALINITY; MAIZE AB Different cultivars differ inherently in their response to drought and those cultivars best adapted to growth in arid and semiarid conditions form the most uniform and vigorous stands when grown under water deficits. The seeds of five wheat cultivars (GA-2002, Chakwal-97, Uqab-2000, Chakwal-50 and Wafaq-2001) were subjected to five different levels of osmotic stress; 0 bars (distilled water, control), -2, -4, -6 and -8 bars to assess the effect of osmotic stress on germination percentage, mean germination time, coleoptile length, proline and sugar amounts. The investigations were performed as factorial experiments under complete randomized design (CRD). Germination percentage, mean germination time and coleoptile length were shown to decrease with increasing osmotic stress, whereas a progressive increase in proline and sugar content were observed with increasing osmotic stress. The response of five cultivars examined under various levels of osmotic stress differed dramatically. Chakwal-50 and GA-2002 were amongst best performers, showing high germination rate, longest coleoptile length, highest proline values and sugar contents when compared with other cultivars under stress conditions. These were proven to be the most tolerant cultivars. Performance of Wafaq-2001 and Uqab-2000 were poor when compared to the other cultivars under limited water stress conditions. C1 [Qayyum, Abdul; Razzaq, Abdul; Ahmad, Muhammad] Arid Agr Univ, Dept Agron, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan. [Jenks, Matthew A.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Qayyum, A (reprint author), Arid Agr Univ, Dept Agron, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan. EM qayyum00818@yahoo.com NR 59 TC 5 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC JOURNALS PI VICTORIA ISLAND PA P O BOX 5170-00200 NAIROBI, VICTORIA ISLAND, LAGOS 73023, NIGERIA SN 1684-5315 J9 AFR J BIOTECHNOL JI Afr. J. Biotechnol. PD OCT 19 PY 2011 VL 10 IS 64 BP 14038 EP 14045 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 868TI UT WOS:000298548200010 ER PT J AU Pridgeon, JW Klesius, PH AF Pridgeon, Julia W. Klesius, Phillip H. TI Development and efficacy of novobiocin and rifampicin-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila as novel vaccines in channel catfish and Nile tilapia SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Vaccine; Aeromonas hydrophila; Channel catfish; Nile tilapia ID INDIAN MAJOR CARPS; EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI VACCINE; ULCERATIVE SYNDROME EUS; FLAVOBACTERIUM-COLUMNARE; OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; RAINBOW-TROUT; DNA GYRASE; SEPTICEMIA AB Three attenuated Aeromonas hydrophila vaccines were developed from the virulent 2009 West Alabama isolates through selection for resistance to both novobiocin and rifampicin. When channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were IP injected with 4 x 105 colony-forming unit (CFU) of the mutants, no fish died. However, when the same age and size matched channel catfish were IP injected with similar amount of their virulent parents, 80-100% fish died. Similarly, when Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were IP injected with 2 x 108 CFU of the mutants, no fish died. However, when Nile tilapia were IP injected with similar amount of the mutants, all fish died. Vaccination of channel catfish with the mutants at dose of 4 x 105 CFU/fish offered 86-100% protection against their virulent parents at 14 days post vaccination (dpv). Vaccination of Nile tilapia with the mutants at dose of 2 x 108 CFU/fish offered 100% protection against their virulent parents at 14, 28, and 56 dpv. Agglutination assay results suggested that protection elicited by the mutants was partially due to antibody-mediated immunity. Taken together, our results suggest that the three attenuated vaccines might be used to protect channel catfish and Nile tilapia against the highly virulent 2009 West Alabama isolates of A. hydrophila. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pridgeon, Julia W.; Klesius, Phillip H.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Pridgeon, JW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM Julia.Pridgeon@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/ARS CRIS [6420-32000-024-00D] FX We thank Drs. Dehai Xu (USDA-ARS) and Victor Panangala (USDA collaborator) for critical reviews of the manuscript. We thank Beth Peterman (USDA-ARS) for her excellent technical support. We also thank the management team of the Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit for daily care and management of the fish. This study was supported by the USDA/ARS CRIS project #6420-32000-024-00D. The use of trade, firm, or corporate names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 46 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT 19 PY 2011 VL 29 IS 45 BP 7896 EP 7904 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.08.082 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 843PF UT WOS:000296683700005 PM 21872628 ER PT J AU Wang, LY Qin, ZM Pantin-Jackwood, M Faulkner, O Suarez, DL Garcia, M Lupiani, B Reddy, SM Saifa, YM Lee, CW AF Wang, Leyi Qin, Zhuoming Pantin-Jackwood, Mary Faulkner, Olivia Suarez, David L. Garcia, Maricarmen Lupiani, Blanca Reddy, Sanjay M. Saifa, Yehia M. Lee, Chang-Won TI Development of DIVA (differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals) vaccines utilizing heterologous NA and NS1 protein strategies for the control of triple reassortant H3N2 influenza in turkeys SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Avian influenza; Triple reassortant; H3N2; DIVA; Vaccine; Turkey ID PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; A VIRUS; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN; NEURAMINIDASE; ANTIBODIES; CHICKENS; POULTRY; HEMAGGLUTININ; GENERATION AB Since 2003, triple reassortant (TR) swine H3N2 influenza viruses containing gene segments from human, avian, and swine origins have been detected in the U.S. turkey populations. The initial outbreak that occurred involved birds that were vaccinated with the currently available H3 swine- and avian-origin influenza vaccines. Antigenically, all turkey swine-lineage TR H3N2 isolates are closely related to each other but show little or no antigenic cross-reactivity with the avian origin or swine origin influenza vaccine strains that are currently being used in turkey operations. These results call for re-evaluation of currently available influenza vaccines being used in turkey flocks and development of more effective DIVA (differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals) vaccines. In this study, we selected one TR H3N2 strain, A/turkey/OH/313053/04 (H3N2) that showed broad cross reactivity with other recent TR turkey H3N2 isolates, and created NA- and NS-based DIVA vaccines using traditional reassortment as well as reverse genetics methods. Protective efficacy of those vaccines was determined in 2-week-old and 80-week-old breeder turkeys. The reassortant DIVA vaccines significantly reduced the presence of challenge virus in the oviduct of breeder turkeys as well as trachea and cloaca shedding of both young and old breeder turkeys, suggesting that proper vaccination could effectively prevent egg production drop and potential viral contamination of eggs in infected turkeys. Our results demonstrate that the heterologous NA and NS1 DIVA vaccines together with their corresponding serological tests could be useful for the control of TR H3N2 influenza in turkeys. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Leyi; Qin, Zhuoming; Saifa, Yehia M.; Lee, Chang-Won] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Wang, Leyi; Saifa, Yehia M.; Lee, Chang-Won] Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Qin, Zhuoming] Shandong Acad Agr Sci, Inst Poultry Sci, Jinan 250023, Peoples R China. [Pantin-Jackwood, Mary; Faulkner, Olivia; Suarez, David L.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Garcia, Maricarmen] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Avian Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Lupiani, Blanca; Reddy, Sanjay M.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Lee, CW (reprint author), 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM lee.2854@osu.edu RI Wang, Leyi/G-9448-2014 OI Wang, Leyi/0000-0001-5813-9505 FU U.S. Poultry & Egg Association Harold E. Ford Foundation; USDA/AFRI/NIFA/AICAP [2005-3560515388 (Z507201)]; DHS National Center for Foreign Animal and Zoonotic Disease [DHS BAA N00014-04-1-0-0660] FX We would like to thank Megan Strother, Keumsuk Hong and Regina Hokanson for technical assistance with this work. The study was partly funded by U.S. Poultry & Egg Association Harold E. Ford Foundation awarded to C.W.L.; USDA/AFRI/NIFA/AICAP grant 2005-3560515388 (Z507201) and DHS National Center for Foreign Animal and Zoonotic Disease grant No. DHS BAA N00014-04-1-0-0660 awarded to B.L. and S.M.R. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT 19 PY 2011 VL 29 IS 45 BP 7966 EP 7974 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.08.067 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 843PF UT WOS:000296683700014 PM 21907751 ER PT J AU Roberts, SB Urban, L AF Roberts, Susan B. Urban, Lorien TI Restaurant Foods and Stated Energy Contents Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 [Roberts, Susan B.; Urban, Lorien] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM susan.roberts@tufts.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 19 PY 2011 VL 306 IS 15 BP 1656 EP 1657 DI 10.1001/jama.2011.1493 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 834MA UT WOS:000295963200019 ER PT J AU Dugas, DV Monaco, MK Olsen, A Klein, RR Kumari, S Ware, D Klein, PE AF Dugas, Diana V. Monaco, Marcela K. Olsen, Andrew Klein, Robert R. Kumari, Sunita Ware, Doreen Klein, Patricia E. TI Functional annotation of the transcriptome of Sorghum bicolor in response to osmotic stress and abscisic acid SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID LENGTH CDNA MICROARRAY; HIGH-SALINITY STRESSES; MONITORING EXPRESSION PROFILES; ROOT-SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE; REGULATORY DNA ELEMENTS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; CIS-ACTING ELEMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; WATER-STRESS AB Background: Higher plants exhibit remarkable phenotypic plasticity allowing them to adapt to an extensive range of environmental conditions. Sorghum is a cereal crop that exhibits exceptional tolerance to adverse conditions, in particular, water-limiting environments. This study utilized next generation sequencing (NGS) technology to examine the transcriptome of sorghum plants challenged with osmotic stress and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) in order to elucidate genes and gene networks that contribute to sorghum's tolerance to water-limiting environments with a long-term aim of developing strategies to improve plant productivity under drought. Results: RNA-Seq results revealed transcriptional activity of 28,335 unique genes from sorghum root and shoot tissues subjected to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced osmotic stress or exogenous ABA. Differential gene expression analyses in response to osmotic stress and ABA revealed a strong interplay among various metabolic pathways including abscisic acid and 13-lipoxygenase, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and plant defense pathways. Transcription factor analysis indicated that groups of genes may be co-regulated by similar regulatory sequences to which the expressed transcription factors bind. We successfully exploited the data presented here in conjunction with published transcriptome analyses for rice, maize, and Arabidopsis to discover more than 50 differentially expressed, drought-responsive gene orthologs for which no function had been previously ascribed. Conclusions: The present study provides an initial assemblage of sorghum genes and gene networks regulated by osmotic stress and hormonal treatment. We are providing an RNA-Seq data set and an initial collection of transcription factors, which offer a preliminary look into the cascade of global gene expression patterns that arise in a drought tolerant crop subjected to abiotic stress. These resources will allow scientists to query gene expression and functional annotation in response to drought. C1 [Dugas, Diana V.; Klein, Patricia E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Monaco, Marcela K.; Olsen, Andrew; Kumari, Sunita; Ware, Doreen] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Klein, Robert R.] Texas A&M Univ, USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Ware, Doreen] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Klein, PE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM pklein@tamu.edu FU USDA ARS [1907-21000-030]; NSF [IOS-0703908]; US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service; Texas AgriLife Research FX We would like to acknowledge Eun-Gyu No for generating the RNA-Seq clusters and running them on the Illumina GAIIx machine. We thank Julie McCollum, Millie Burrell, and Natalie Unruh for helpful comments and discussion. This study was supported by USDA ARS 1907-21000-030 (D. W.), NSF IOS-0703908 (D. W.), US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (R. R. K.), and Texas AgriLife Research (P. E. K.). NR 159 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 73 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD OCT 18 PY 2011 VL 12 AR 514 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-12-514 PG 21 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 849GG UT WOS:000297113000001 PM 22008187 ER PT J AU Tatineni, S Robertson, CJ Garnsey, SM Dawson, WO AF Tatineni, Satyanarayana Robertson, Cecile J. Garnsey, Stephen M. Dawson, William O. TI A plant virus evolved by acquiring multiple nonconserved genes to extend its host range SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE gene addition; host-specific activity; long-distance transport ID CITRUS-TRISTEZA-VIRUS; CELL-TO-CELL; LONG-DISTANCE TRANSPORT; VIRAL MOVEMENT; SYSTEMIC INFECTION; COAT PROTEIN; RNA GENOME; CLOSTEROVIRUSES; PATHOGENICITY; DETERMINANTS AB Viruses have evolved as combinations of genes whose products interact with cellular components to produce progeny virus throughout the plants. Some viral genes, particularly those that are involved in replication and assembly, tend to be relatively conserved, whereas other genes that have evolved for interactions with the specific host for movement and to counter host-defense systems tend to be less conserved. Closteroviridae encode 1-5 nonconserved ORFs. Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), a Closterovirus, possesses nonconserved p33, p18, and p13 genes that are expendable for systemic infection of the two laboratory hosts, Citrus macrophylla and Mexican lime. In this study, we show that the extended host range of CTV requires these nonconserved genes. The p33 gene was required to systemically infect sour orange and lemon trees, whereas either the p33 or the p18 gene was sufficient for systemic infection of grapefruit trees and the p33 or the p13 gene was sufficient for systemic infection of calamondin plants. Thus, these three genes are required for systemic infection of the full host range of CTV, but different genes were specific for different hosts. Remarkably, either of two genes was sufficient for infection of some citrus hybrids. These findings suggest that CTV acquired multiple nonconserved genes (p33, p18, and p13) and, as a result, gained the ability to interact with multiple hosts, thus extending its host range during the course of evolution. These results greatly extend the complexity of known virus-plant interactions. C1 [Tatineni, Satyanarayana; Robertson, Cecile J.; Garnsey, Stephen M.; Dawson, William O.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Tatineni, Satyanarayana] Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Tatineni, Satyanarayana] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Dawson, WO (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. EM wodtmv@ufl.edu FU J. R. and Addie S. Graves family; Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Board; National Research Initiative for the US Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service FX We thank Roy French for critical reading of the manuscript. This research was supported in part by an endowment from the J. R. and Addie S. Graves family and grants from the Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Board and the National Research Initiative for the US Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. NR 38 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 18 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 42 BP 17366 EP 17371 DI 10.1073/pnas.1113227108 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 834PP UT WOS:000295975300033 PM 21987809 ER PT J AU Chuck, GS Tobias, C Sun, L Kraemer, F Li, CL Dibble, D Arora, R Bragg, JN Vogel, JP Singh, S Simmons, BA Pauly, M Hake, S AF Chuck, George S. Tobias, Christian Sun, Lan Kraemer, Florian Li, Chenlin Dibble, Dean Arora, Rohit Bragg, Jennifer N. Vogel, John P. Singh, Seema Simmons, Blake A. Pauly, Markus Hake, Sarah TI Overexpression of the maize Corngrass1 microRNA prevents flowering, improves digestibility, and increases starch content of switchgrass SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SHOOT DEVELOPMENT; MUTATIONS; SPL3; TRANSITION; EXPRESSION; SQUAMOSA; JUVENILE; GRASSES AB Biofuels developed from biomass crops have the potential to supply a significant portion of our transportation fuel needs. To achieve this potential, however, it will be necessary to develop improved plant germplasm specifically tailored to serve as energy crops. Liquid transportation fuel can be created from the sugars locked inside plant cell walls. Unfortunately, these sugars are inherently resistant to hydrolytic release because they are contained in polysaccharides embedded in lignin. Overcoming this obstacle is a major objective toward developing sustainable bioenergy crop plants. The maize Corngrass1 (Cg1) gene encodes a microRNA that promotes juvenile cell wall identities and morphology. To test the hypothesis that juvenile biomass has superior qualities as a potential biofuel feedstock, the Cg1 gene was transferred into several other plants, including the bioenergy crop Panicum virgatum (switchgrass). Such plants were found to have up to 250% more starch, resulting in higher glucose release from saccharification assays with or without biomass pretreatment. In addition, a complete inhibition of flowering was observed in both greenhouse and field grown plants. These results point to the potential utility of this approach, both for the domestication of new biofuel crops, and for the limitation of transgene flow into native plant species. C1 [Chuck, George S.; Hake, Sarah] USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Chuck, George S.; Hake, Sarah] Univ Calif UC Berkeley, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Tobias, Christian; Bragg, Jennifer N.; Vogel, John P.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Sun, Lan; Li, Chenlin; Dibble, Dean; Arora, Rohit; Singh, Seema; Simmons, Blake A.] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. [Kraemer, Florian; Pauly, Markus] UC Berkeley, Energy Biosci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chuck, GS (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM georgechuck@berkeley.edu; hake@berkeley.edu RI Pauly, Markus/B-5895-2008; Sun, Lan/C-7321-2012; Tobias, Christian/B-6602-2009; OI Pauly, Markus/0000-0002-3116-2198; Tobias, Christian/0000-0002-7881-750X; Li, Chenlin/0000-0002-0793-0505; Vogel, John/0000-0003-1786-2689 FU Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-A102-08ER15962, DE-SC0004822]; Binational Agricultural Research and Development Grant [IS-4249-09] FX We thank Thant Niang for his help on the project, including the plastic sections and branch counts. Thanks go to David Hantz for greenhouse management and China Lunde for reviewing the manuscript and help with statistics. This work was supported by Department of Energy (DOE) Grant DE-A102-08ER15962 and Binational Agricultural Research and Development Grant IS-4249-09 (to S.H. and G.S.C.) and by DOE Grant DE-SC0004822 (to M.P. and S.H.). NR 43 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 6 U2 50 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 18 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 42 BP 17550 EP 17555 DI 10.1073/pnas.1113971108 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 834PP UT WOS:000295975300064 PM 21987797 ER PT J AU Zhu, H Dardick, CD Beers, EP Callanhan, AM Xia, R Yuan, RC AF Zhu, Hong Dardick, Chris D. Beers, Eric P. Callanhan, Ann M. Xia, Rui Yuan, Rongcai TI Transcriptomics of shading-induced and NAA-induced abscission in apple (Malus domestica) reveals a shared pathway involving reduced photosynthesis, alterations in carbohydrate transport and signaling and hormone crosstalk SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-WALL DEGRADATION; ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; FRUITLET ABSCISSION; GENE-EXPRESSION; DELICIOUS APPLES; NAPHTHALENEACETIC ACID; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL THINNER; MCINTOSH APPLES; ABIOTIC STRESS AB Background: Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), a synthetic auxin analogue, is widely used as an effective thinner in apple orchards. When applied shortly after fruit set, some fruit abscise leading to improved fruit size and quality. However, the thinning results of NAA are inconsistent and difficult to predict, sometimes leading to excess fruit drop or insufficient thinning which are costly to growers. This unpredictability reflects our incomplete understanding of the mode of action of NAA in promoting fruit abscission. Results: Here we compared NAA-induced fruit drop with that caused by shading via gene expression profiling performed on the fruit abscission zone (FAZ), sampled 1, 3, and 5 d after treatment. More than 700 genes with significant changes in transcript abundance were identified from NAA-treated FAZ. Combining results from both treatments, we found that genes associated with photosynthesis, cell cycle and membrane/cellular trafficking were downregulated. On the other hand, there was up-regulation of genes related to ABA, ethylene biosynthesis and signaling, cell wall degradation and programmed cell death. While the differentially expressed gene sets for NAA and shading treatments shared only 25% identity, NAA and shading showed substantial similarity with respect to the classes of genes identified. Specifically, photosynthesis, carbon utilization, ABA and ethylene pathways were affected in both NAA- and shading-induced young fruit abscission. Moreover, we found that NAA, similar to shading, directly interfered with leaf photosynthesis by repressing photosystem II (PSII) efficiency within 10 minutes of treatment, suggesting that NAA and shading induced some of the same early responses due to reduced photosynthesis, which concurred with changes in hormone signaling pathways and triggered fruit abscission. Conclusions: This study provides an extensive transcriptome study and a good platform for further investigation of possible regulatory genes involved in the induction of young fruit abscission in apple, which will enable us to better understand the mechanism of fruit thinning and facilitate the selection of potential chemicals for the thinning programs in apple. C1 [Dardick, Chris D.; Callanhan, Ann M.] ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Zhu, Hong; Xia, Rui; Yuan, Rongcai] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Alson H Smith Jr Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Winchester, VA 22602 USA. [Zhu, Hong; Beers, Eric P.; Xia, Rui; Yuan, Rongcai] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Hort, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Dardick, CD (reprint author), ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM chris.dardick@ars.usda.gov OI Xia, Rui/0000-0003-2409-1181 FU Virginia Agricultural Council FX This manuscript is dedicated to Dr. Rongcai Yuan, in memory of his devotion in plant science. He will be greatly missed by those who were privileged to know him. We would like to thank Dr. Yan Zhang at Virginia Tech Bioinformatics Institute, for his assistance in the array data analysis. We also appreciate the technical assistance of David Carbaugh and Grace Engelman at AREC. This research was supported by a Virginia Agricultural Council grant to Dr. Yuan. NR 71 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 41 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD OCT 17 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 138 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-11-138 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 848NQ UT WOS:000297058700001 PM 22003957 ER PT J AU Lee, S Jia, YL Jia, M Gealy, DR Olsen, KM Caicedo, AL AF Lee, Seonghee Jia, Yulin Jia, Melissa Gealy, David R. Olsen, Kenneth M. Caicedo, Ana L. TI Molecular Evolution of the Rice Blast Resistance Gene Pi-ta in Invasive Weedy Rice in the USA SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; RED RICE; ORYZA-SATIVA; WILD RELATIVES; CULTIVATED RICE; FLOW; INFERENCE; LOCUS; INTROGRESSION; REGISTRATION AB The Pi-ta gene in rice has been effectively used to control rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae worldwide. Despite a number of studies that reported the Pi-ta gene in domesticated rice and wild species, little is known about how the Pi-ta gene has evolved in US weedy rice, a major weed of rice. To investigate the genome organization of the Pi-ta gene in weedy rice and its relationship to gene flow between cultivated and weedy rice in the US, we analyzed nucleotide sequence variation at the Pi-ta gene and its surrounding 2 Mb region in 156 weedy, domesticated and wild rice relatives. We found that the region at and around the Pi-ta gene shows very low genetic diversity in US weedy rice. The patterns of molecular diversity in weeds are more similar to cultivated rice (indica and aus), which have never been cultivated in the US, rather than the wild rice species, Oryza rufipogon. In addition, the resistant Pi-ta allele (Pi-ta) found in the majority of US weedy rice belongs to the weedy group strawhull awnless (SH), suggesting a single source of origin for Pi-ta. Weeds with Pita were resistant to two M. oryzae races, IC17 and IB49, except for three accessions, suggesting that component(s) required for the Pi-ta mediated resistance may be missing in these accessions. Signatures of flanking sequences of the Pi-ta gene and SSR markers on chromosome 12 suggest that the susceptible pi-ta allele (pi-ta), not Pi-ta, has been introgressed from cultivated to weedy rice by out-crossing. C1 [Lee, Seonghee] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Lee, Seonghee] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK USA. [Jia, Yulin; Jia, Melissa; Gealy, David R.] ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, USDA, Stuttgart, AR USA. [Olsen, Kenneth M.] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Caicedo, Ana L.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Rice Res Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM yulin.jia@usda.ars.gov FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0638820]; United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) [NP301] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program under grant DBI-0638820 to Y. Jia, K. Olsen, and A. Caicedo. Additional funding for this project is from the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) National Program NP301 project titled 'Response of Diverse Rice Germplasm to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses'. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 23 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 17 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 10 AR e26260 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0026260 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 834SM UT WOS:000295984400040 PM 22043312 ER PT J AU Gong, DC Holtman, KM Franqui-Espiet, D Orts, WJ Zhao, RM AF Gong, Dachun Holtman, Kevin M. Franqui-Espiet, Diana Orts, William J. Zhao, Ruming TI Development of an integrated pretreatment fractionation process for fermentable sugars and lignin: Application to almond (Prunus dulcis) shell SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Almond (Prunus dulcis) shell; Fractionation; Hot water pretreatment; Organosolv pretreatment; Fermentable sugar; Lignin ID STEAM-EXPLOSION; WHEAT-STRAW; LIGNOCELLULOSICS; EXTRACTION AB An environmentally friendly pretreatment process was developed to fractionate cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin from almond (Prunus dulcis) shells, consisting of hot water pretreatment (HWP) coupled with organic solvent (organosolv) pretreatment of water/ethanol (OWEP). This integrated pretreatment process proved more effective on the basis of yield of fermentable sugar and lignin separation compared with HWP alone, dilute acid pretreatment (DAP), ammonia pretreatment (AP), lime pretreatment LP, organosolv water/ethanol pretreatment (OWEP), and organosolv water/acetone pretreatment (OWAP). In the coupled hot water-organosolv process, hemicellulose sugars were recovered in the first residual liquid while varying amounts of cellulose was retained in the residual solid. The lignin fraction was obtained by simply adjusting the pH from the second liquid. The optimal two-stage process consisted of first HWP stage at 195 degrees C for 30 min, resulting in omega(glucose) = 95.4% glucose recovery yield and omega(xylose) = 92.2% xylose removal. The second organosolv OWEP stage was operated at 195 degrees C for 20 min, in ethanol in water mixtures of phi(ethanol) = 50% and resulted in nearly omega(glucose) = 100% glucose recovery yield, omega(xylose) = 90% xylose and omega(lignin) = 61% lignin removal. After enzymatic hydrolysis, glucose yield was up to omega(glucose) = 95%, compared to 61% yield from untreated almond. Images obtained via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) highlighted the differences in almond structure from the varying pretreatment methods during biomass fractionation. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gong, Dachun; Zhao, Ruming] China Three Gorges Univ, Alan G Macdiarmid Res Inst Renewable Energy, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China. [Holtman, Kevin M.; Franqui-Espiet, Diana; Orts, William J.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Gong, DC (reprint author), China Three Gorges Univ, Alan G Macdiarmid Res Inst Renewable Energy, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China. EM dchgong_2004@163.com FU Alan G. MacDiarmid Research Institute of Renewable Energy (gs1), Yichang, China; USDA Western Regional Research Center (gs2) (WRRC); National Natural Science Foundation of China (gs3) [21076114] FX Financial support for this study was provided jointly by the Alan G. MacDiarmid Research Institute of Renewable Energy (gs1), Yichang, China and the USDA Western Regional Research Center (gs2) (WRRC) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (gs3) (21076114). The authors thank WRRC Center Director James N. Seiber, as well as Artur and Klamczynski and Charles Lee for the thoughtful discussions and technical insights. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD OCT 15 PY 2011 VL 35 IS 10 BP 4435 EP 4441 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.08.022 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 848FE UT WOS:000297035100039 ER PT J AU Lawler, RR Link, TE AF Lawler, Robert R. Link, Timothy E. TI Quantification of incoming all-wave radiation in discontinuous forest canopies with application to snowmelt prediction SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Eastern Snow Conference (ESC) CY 2010 CL Hancock, MA DE shortwave radiation; longwave radiation; forest; snowmelt; canopy gap ID BOREAL FOREST; SOLAR-RADIATION; ENERGY-BALANCE; LONGWAVE RADIATION; CONIFEROUS FOREST; ACCUMULATION; TRANSMISSION; ALBERTA; SURFACE; COVER AB Snowmelt dynamics in forested areas are largely driven by net radiation, which is controlled by solar elevation angle and spatial variations in canopy structure. Understanding of the spatiotemporal radiative regimes in discontinuous forests during the snow season is limited. To improve understanding of radiation dynamics in discontinuous forests, a theoretical, spatially explicit, all-wave irradiance model was developed. The model was tested using detailed measurements collected with radiometer arrays consisting of 16 pyranometers and 14 pyrgeometers installed in a small forest canopy gap. The model was used to simulate incoming radiation over the snow season at mid-latitude (47 degrees N), level forest canopy gaps with diameters ranging from one to six times the surrounding tree heights (H). Theoretical results indicate that radiative regimes in small canopy gaps may be distinctly different from continuous open areas and closed-canopy forests, especially at low solar elevation angles. At low sun angles, spatial radiative minima can occur in gaps due to low incoming shortwave radiation caused by canopy shading, coupled with minimal longwave radiation enhancement from surrounding forests. At 47 degrees N latitude on 1 February, simulated incoming all-wave radiation in canopy gaps was less than both open and forested areas over 100 to 33% of north-south transects ranging from 25 to 150 m in 1H to 6H gaps, respectively. By 1 May, the zone of radiative minima in 1H to 6H gaps ranged from 44 to 8%, respectively. The outcome of this work is an enhanced understanding of radiation variability in discontinuous forest canopies during the snow season. Copyright. (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Link, Timothy E.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Ecol & Biogeosci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Lawler, Robert R.] US Forest Serv, Newport, WA 99156 USA. RP Link, TE (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Ecol & Biogeosci, 975 W 6th St, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM tlink@uidaho.edu RI Link, Timothy/G-5556-2012 NR 46 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD OCT 15 PY 2011 VL 25 IS 21 SI SI BP 3322 EP 3331 DI 10.1002/hyp.8150 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 838HA UT WOS:000296276800007 ER PT J AU McNamara, JP Tetzlaff, D Bishop, K Soulsby, C Seyfried, M Peters, NE Aulenbach, BT Hooper, R AF McNamara, James P. Tetzlaff, Doerthe Bishop, Kevin Soulsby, Chris Seyfried, Mark Peters, Norman E. Aulenbach, Brent T. Hooper, Richard TI Storage as a Metric of Catchment Comparison SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Eastern Snow Conference (ESC) CY 2010 CL Hancock, MA DE storage; water balance; catchment comparison; soil water; groundwater ID SOIL-MOISTURE; STREAMFLOW GENERATION; ENERGY-BALANCE; TRANSIT-TIME; WATER; REGIMES; VARIABILITY; GROUNDWATER; LANDSCAPE; BASINS AB The volume of water stored within a catchment, and its partitioning among groundwater, soil moisture, snowpack, vegetation, and surface water are the variables that ultimately characterize the state of the hydrologic system. Accordingly, storage may provide useful metrics for catchment comparison. Unfortunately, measuring and predicting the amount of water present in a catchment is seldom done; tracking the dynamics of these stores is even rarer. Storage moderates fluxes and exerts critical controls on a wide range of hydrologic and biologic functions of a catchment. While understanding runoff generation and other processes by which catchments release water will always be central to hydrologic science, it is equally essential to understand how catchments retain water. We have initiated a catchment comparison exercise to begin assessing the value of viewing catchments from the storage perspective. The exercise is based on existing data from five watersheds, no common experimental design, and no integrated modelling efforts. Rather, storage was estimated independently for each site. This briefing presents some initial results of the exercise, poses questions about the definitions and importance of storage and the storage perspective, and suggests future directions for ongoing activities. Copyright. (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [McNamara, James P.] Boise State Univ, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Tetzlaff, Doerthe; Soulsby, Chris] Univ Aberdeen, No Rivers Inst, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, Scotland. [Bishop, Kevin] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Seyfried, Mark] Agr Res Serv, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Peters, Norman E.; Aulenbach, Brent T.] USGS Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hooper, Richard] CUAHSI, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP McNamara, JP (reprint author), Boise State Univ, 1910 Univ Dr, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM jmcnamar@boisestate.edu RI McNamara, James/F-1993-2011; Aulenbach, Brent/A-5848-2008; OI Aulenbach, Brent/0000-0003-2863-1288; Tetzlaff, Doerthe/0000-0002-7183-8674 NR 44 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD OCT 15 PY 2011 VL 25 IS 21 SI SI BP 3364 EP 3371 DI 10.1002/hyp.8113 PG 8 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 838HA UT WOS:000296276800011 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC Liu, WZ Li, Z Chen, J AF Zhang, X. -C. Liu, W. -Z. Li, Z. Chen, J. TI Trend and uncertainty analysis of simulated climate change impacts with multiple GCMs and emission scenarios SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Impact assessment; Soil erosion; Soil hydrology; Wheat production ID SOIL-EROSION; UNITED-STATES; CROP PRODUCTION; PRECIPITATION; RUNOFF; MODEL; WEPP; CLIGEN; OUTPUT; YIELD AB Trends and uncertainty of the climate change impacts on hydrology, soil erosion, and wheat production during 2010-2039 at El Reno in central Oklahoma, USA, were evaluated for 12 climate change scenarios projected by four GCMs (CCSR/NIES, CGCM2, CSIRO-Mk2, and HadCM3) under three emissions scenarios (A2, B2, and GGa). Compared with the present climate, overall t-tests (n = 12) show that it is almost certain that mean precipitation will decline by some 6% (>98.5% probability), daily precipitation variance increase by 12% (>99%), and maximum and minimum temperature increase by 1.46 and 1.26 degrees C (>99%), respectively. Compared with the present climate under the same tillage systems, it is very likely (>90%) that evapotranpiration and long-term soil water storage will decease, but runoff and soil loss will increase despite the projected declines in precipitation. There will be no significant changes in wheat grain yield. Paired t-tests show that daily precipitation variance projected under GGa is greater than those under A2 and B2 (P = 0.1), resulting in greater runoff and soil loss under GGa (P = 0.1). HadCM3 projected greater mean annual precipitation than CGCM2 and CSIRO (P = 0.1). Consequently, greater runoff, grain yield, transpiration, soil evaporation, and soil water storage were simulated for HadCM3 (P = 0.1). The inconsistency among GCMs and differential impact responses between emission scenarios underscore the necessity of using multi-GCMs and multi-emission scenarios for impact assessments. Overall results show that no-till and conservation tillage systems will need to be adopted for better soil and water conservation and environmental protection in the region during the next several decades. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zhang, X. -C.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Liu, W. -Z.] NW A&F Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Li, Z.] NW A&F Univ, Coll Resource & Environm, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Chen, J.] Univ Quebec, Dept Construct Engn, Ecole Technol Super, Montreal, PQ H3C 1K3, Canada. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM John.Zhang@ars.usda.gov RI LI, ZHI/D-7204-2015 OI LI, ZHI/0000-0002-9268-6497 FU Outstanding Overseas Chinese Scholars Fund of Chinese Academy of Sciences [2005-2-3]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40640420061] FX This work was partially supported by the Outstanding Overseas Chinese Scholars Fund of Chinese Academy of Sciences (no. 2005-2-3) and the International Exchange and Cooperation Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 40640420061). NR 36 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD OCT 15 PY 2011 VL 151 IS 10 BP 1297 EP 1304 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.05.010 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 826KK UT WOS:000295352800001 ER PT J AU Eitel, JUH Vierling, LA Long, DS Hunt, ER AF Eitel, Jan U. H. Vierling, Lee A. Long, Dan S. Hunt, E. Raymond TI Early season remote sensing of wheat nitrogen status using a green scanning laser SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Foliar nitrogen concentration; TLS; Ground optical remote sensing; Precision agriculture; Nitrogen management ID SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT; LEAF; SOIL; LIDAR; INDEX; DENSITY; CANOPY; AREA; CORN AB In-season, spatially variable nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications in agricultural systems can help to maximize crop N use efficiency and minimize N losses via hydrological leaching, runoff, and atmospheric volatilization. N fertilizer management often relies upon measurements of crop spectral reflectance using ground-based optical on-the-go sensors or hand-held chlorophyll meters. However, soil background reflectance can confound on-the-go sensing, especially during early crop growth stages, and hand-held chlorophyll meters are impractical for spatially explicit mapping at the field scale. Scanning laser technology is available that measures the intensity of the reflected laser light plus height information within a mm-scale ground instantaneous field of view at a very high sampling rate (up to 50,000 points s(-1) in this study). We examined the ability to quantify foliar N status of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using a green (532 nm) terrestrial laser scanner during an early stem extension growth stage (Zadoks growth stage 3.2). Laser data were processed by (1) removing soil background returns based on laser-determined height information, (2) standardizing green laser intensity based on white-reference panel readings, and (3) filtering noisy laser returns from leaf edges based on a laser return intensity threshold value. The return intensity of the reflected green laser light more accurately (r(2) = 0.68, RMSE = 0.30 mu gg(-1)) predicted foliar N concentration than conventional chlorophyll meter readings (r(2) = 0.36, RMSE = 0.41 mu gg(-1)) and spectral indices measured by a ground optical on-the-go sensor (r(2) < 0.41, RMSE > 0.39 mu gg(-1)). The results indicate that laser scanners are useful for measuring the N status of wheat during early growth stages, and provide justification for incorporating laser scanner based measurements into developing spatiallyexplicit estimates of foliar N during this critical growth period. Further research is needed to evaluate the operational practicality of a green scanning laser from a moving platform. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Eitel, Jan U. H.; Vierling, Lee A.] Univ Idaho, Geospatial Lab Environm Dynam, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Long, Dan S.] USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Hunt, E. Raymond] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Eitel, JUH (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Geospatial Lab Environm Dynam, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jeitel@vandals.uidaho.edu RI Vierling, Lee/E-6428-2010 OI Vierling, Lee/0000-0001-5344-1983 FU USDA-NIFA [2011-67003-3034]; University of Idaho; Idaho NSF EPSCoR; National Science Foundation [EPS-0814387] FX This research was supported by USDA-NIFA Award No. 2011-67003-3034, a specific cooperative agreement between the University of Idaho and the USDA-ARS, and the University of Idaho Harold Heady professorship. Funding to acquire the TLS was provided by the University of Idaho, Idaho NSF EPSCoR, and by the National Science Foundation under ward number EPS-0814387. We extend grateful appreciation to John McCallum for processing and analyzing flag leaf samples in the laboratory. NR 49 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD OCT 15 PY 2011 VL 151 IS 10 BP 1338 EP 1345 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.05.015 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 826KK UT WOS:000295352800005 ER PT J AU Yu, MM Shen, L Zhang, AJ Sheng, JP AF Yu, Mengmeng Shen, Lin Zhang, Aijun Sheng, Jiping TI Methyl jasmonate-induced defense responses are associated with elevation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase in Lycopersicon esculentum fruit SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ACO; Ethylene; Gene expression; Methyl jasmonate; Tomato fruit ID ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; GENE FAMILY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TOMATO FRUIT; RESISTANCE; INFECTION; PURIFICATION; STIMULATION AB It has been known that methyl jasmonate (MeJA) interacts with ethylene to elicit resistance. In green mature tomato fruits (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Lichun), 0.02 mM MeJA increased the activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO), and consequently influenced the last step of ethylene biosynthesis. Fruits treated with a combination of 0.02 MeJA and 0.02 a-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB, a competitive inhibitor of ACO) exhibited a lower ethylene production comparing to that by 0.02 mM MeJA alone. The increased activities of defense enzymes and subsequent control of disease incidence caused by Botrytis cinerea with 0.2 mM MeJA treatment was impaired by AIB as well. A close relationship (P<0.05) was found between the activity alterations of ACO and that of chitinase (CHI) and beta-1,3-glucanase (GLU). In addition, this study further detected the changes of gene expressions and enzyme kinetics of ACO to different concentrations of MeJA. LeACO1 was found the principal member from the ACO gene family to respond to MejA. Accumulation of LeACO1/3/4 transcripts followed the concentration pattern of MeJA treatments, where the largest elevations were reached by 0.2 mM. For kinetic analysis, Km values of ACO stepped up during the experiment and reached the maximums at 0.2 mM MeJA with ascending concentrations of treatments. V-max exhibited a gradual increase from 3 h to 24 h, and the largest induction appeared with 1.0 mM MeJA. The results suggested that ACO is involved in MeJA-induced resistance in tomato, and the concentration influence of MeJA on ACO was attributable to the variation of gene transcripts and enzymatic properties. (C) 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Yu, Mengmeng; Shen, Lin; Sheng, Jiping] China Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Nutr Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Aijun] USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sheng, JP (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Nutr Engn, 17 Qinghua Donglu, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM pingshen@cau.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31071623, 30972065]; Ministry of Agriculture [200803033]; Chinese Scholarship Council [2009635065] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31071623 and 30972065), the Commonweal Industry Scientific Researcher Project from the Ministry of Agriculture (No. 200803033) and the Chinese Scholarship Council (No. 2009635065). NR 40 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 EI 1618-1328 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD OCT 15 PY 2011 VL 168 IS 15 BP 1820 EP 1827 DI 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.05.021 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 831BG UT WOS:000295703100014 PM 21788095 ER PT J AU Zellner, W Frantz, J Leisner, S AF Zellner, Wendy Frantz, Jonathan Leisner, Scott TI Silicon delays Tobacco ringspot virus systemic symptoms in Nicotiana tabacum SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nepovirus; Plant nutrition; Si; Tobamovirus ID WINTER-WHEAT; DISEASES; PLANTS; STRAW; SOIL AB Soluble silicon (Si) provides protection to plants against a variety of abiotic and biotic stress. However, the effects of Si on viral infections are largely unknown. To investigate the role of Si in viral infections, hydroponic studies were conducted in Nicotiana tabacum with two pathogens: Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV) and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Plants grown in elevated Si showed a delay in TRSV systemic symptom formation and a reduction in symptomatic leaf area, compared to the non-supplemented controls. TRSV-infected plants showed significantly higher levels of foliar Si compared to mock-inoculated plants. However, the Si effect appeared to be virus-specific, since the element did not alter TMV symptoms nor did infection by this virus alter foliar Si levels. Hence, increased foliar Si levels appear to correlate with Si-modulated protection against viral infection. This is all the more intriguing since N. tabacum is classified as a low Si accumulator. (C) 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Zellner, Wendy; Leisner, Scott] Univ Toledo, Dept Biol Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Frantz, Jonathan] USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Leisner, S (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Biol Sci, 2801 W BancroftSt, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM sleisne@utnet.utoledo.edu FU USDA-ARS [58-3607-1-193] FX The authors thank Dr. Gaurav Raikhy (Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Toledo), the University of Toledo Plant Science Research Center, as well as USDA researchers Douglas Sturtz, Russell Friedrich, and Alycia Pittenger for their assistance. This work was supported by USDA-ARS Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-3607-1-193. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD OCT 15 PY 2011 VL 168 IS 15 BP 1866 EP 1869 DI 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.04.002 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 831BG UT WOS:000295703100020 PM 21696845 ER PT J AU Fei, SL Kong, NN Steiner, KC Moser, WK Steiner, EB AF Fei, Songlin Kong, Ningning Steiner, Kim C. Moser, W. Keith Steiner, Erik B. TI Change in oak abundance in the eastern United States from 1980 to 2008 SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Oak; Forest Inventory and Analysis; Eastern forest ID FORESTS; FIRE AB Although oaks (Quercus spp.) have historically dominated much of the forest land in eastern North America, a great deal of fragmentary and sometimes anecdotal evidence suggests that they have been yielding dominance in recent decades to other, typically more shade-tolerant species. Using FIA data, our work formally quantifies the change in oak abundance in the eastern U.S. during the period of 1980-2008. The results indicate that most areas in the eastern U.S. experienced some decline in oak abundance, but the decrease was not universal either geographically or among species. Declines were especially marked in the Central Hardwood Region, which lost oak abundance on 81% its forested area as measured by importance value (IV). Areas with a high oak abundance were more likely to see a reduction in abundance. Among all 25 species analyzed, eight species decreased significantly in IV while two increased. Both the top two most prevalent white oak species (white oak (Quercus alba) and post oak (Quercus stellata)) and red oak species (northern red oak (Quercus rubra) and black oak (Quercus velutina)) had significant decreases in density and IV. Water oak (Quercus nigra) is one of the red oak species that had a near universal increase of its abundance throughout its native range (83% of area). This study provided a comprehensive quantification of the dynamic of oak species in a regional-wide geographic context, which will provoke forest researchers and managers to revisit the oak decline problem by using knowledge from other regions and other species. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fei, Songlin; Kong, Ningning] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Steiner, Kim C.] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Moser, W. Keith] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Steiner, Erik B.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Fei, SL (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, 204 TP Cooper Bldg, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM songlin.fei@uky.edu; kongnn@gmail.com; steiner@psu.edu; wkmoser@fs.fed.us; ebs110@stanfor-d.edu OI Fei, Songlin/0000-0003-2772-0166 NR 21 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 15 PY 2011 VL 262 IS 8 BP 1370 EP 1377 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.06.030 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 825QN UT WOS:000295297300005 ER PT J AU Gould, PJ St Clair, JB Anderson, PD AF Gould, Peter J. St Clair, J. Bradley Anderson, Paul D. TI Performance of full-sib families of Douglas-fir in pure-family and mixed-family deployments SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Tree improvement; Forest genetics; Intergenotypic competition; Intragenotypic competition; Crown morphology ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN OREGON CASCADES; REALIZED GENETIC GAINS; LOBLOLLY-PINE; TREE STRUCTURE; STAND DENSITY; CROWN FORM; SLASH PINE; COMPETITION; GROWTH AB A major objective of tree improvement programs is to identify genotypes that will perform well in operational deployments. Relatively little is known, however, about how the competitive environment affects performance in different types of deployments. We tested whether the genetic composition and density of deployments affect the performance of full-sib families of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga meniziesii), and whether traits related to crown morphology could help to explain differences in family performance under competition. Seedlings from eight families were planted in pure-family and three mixed-family composition treatments at high, medium, and low densities (11,954, 2988, and 747 trees.ha(-1), respectively). Height (HT), diameter at breast height (DBH), and volume.ha(-1) (VOLHA) were measured at ages 8 and 15 years. Significant differences were found among composition treatments in all traits other than VOLHA8 and significant interactions between composition and density treatments were found for all traits at age 15 years. Family ranks for DBH15 and VOLHA15 in pure-family treatments changed considerably among densities, but ranks were more stable for HT15. The performance of two mixed-family treatments differed significantly from the average performances of the same families in pure-family treatments for several traits. Differences in DBH15 among families in high-density, pure-family treatments could be explained in part by differences in crown morphology, with better performance among families with relatively narrow crowns, stout branches, and high leaf area relative to branch length. Our results suggest that the competitive environment has a considerable effect on family performance, and that incorporating crown morphology traits into selection criteria in tree improvement programs may lead to greater productivity of Douglas-fir. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gould, Peter J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [St Clair, J. Bradley; Anderson, Paul D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gould, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM pgould@fs.fed.us; bstclair@fs.fed.us; pdanderson@fs.fed.us NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 15 PY 2011 VL 262 IS 8 BP 1417 EP 1425 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.06.042 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 825QN UT WOS:000295297300010 ER PT J AU Matthews, SN Iverson, LR Prasad, AM Peters, MP Rodewald, PG AF Matthews, Stephen N. Iverson, Louis R. Prasad, Anantha M. Peters, Matthew P. Rodewald, Paul G. TI Modifying climate change habitat models using tree species-specific assessments of model uncertainty and life history-factors SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate change adaptation; Eastern United States; Trees; Species distribution models; Disturbance; Model uncertainty ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; BIOCLIMATE ENVELOPE MODELS; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; CONTINENTAL-SCALE; OAK REGENERATION; RANGE SHIFTS; FORESTS; FUTURE; MIGRATION; IMPACTS AB Species distribution models (SDMs) to evaluate trees' potential responses to climate change are essential for developing appropriate forest management strategies. However, there is a great need to better understand these models' limitations and evaluate their uncertainties. We have previously developed statistical models of suitable habitat, based on both species' range and abundance, to better understand potential changes of 134 tree species habitats in the eastern United States (http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/atlas). Our focus here is to build on these results via a more robust assessment framework called modification factors (ModFacs) that is made up of five components. ModFac 1 addresses nine biological characteristics (e.g., shade tolerance and seedling establishment) that quantify the influence of species life-history traits. ModFac 2 considers 12 disturbance characteristics (e.g., insect pests, drought, and fire topkill) which address the capacity of a species to tolerate and respond to climate-induced changes in habitat. ModFac 3-5 distill the tree SDM results and facilitate communication of model uncertainty; we quantified the variability in projected change for General Circulation Models (GCM) and emissions scenarios (ModFac 3), the extent to which each species' habitat intersects novel climate conditions (ModFac4), and accounted for long-distance extrapolations beyond a species' current range (ModFac5). The life-history components of ModFacs 1 and 2 demonstrate the marked variability among species in terms of biological and disturbance characteristics, suggesting diverse abilities to adapt to climate change. ModFacs 3-5 show that the information from the SDMs can be enhanced by quantifying the variability associated with specific GCM/emission scenarios, the emergence of novel climates for particular tree species, and the distances of species habitat shifts with climate change. The ModFacs framework has high interpretive value when considered in conjunction with the outputs of species habitat models for this century. Importantly, the intention of this assessment was not to create a static scoring system, but to broadly assess species characteristics that likely will play an important role in adaptation to climate change. We believe these scores based on biological, disturbance, and model synthesis factors provide an important expansion of interpretive and practical value to habitat model projections. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Matthews, Stephen N.; Rodewald, Paul G.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Matthews, Stephen N.; Iverson, Louis R.; Prasad, Anantha M.; Peters, Matthew P.] US Forest Serv, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Matthews, SN (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM snmatthews@fs.fed.us RI Matthews, Stephen/D-1050-2012; Iverson, Louis/C-7554-2009 OI Iverson, Louis/0000-0001-9501-471X FU US Forest Service FX The authors thank the Northern Global Change Program, US Forest Service, for support. The authors are grateful to the scientists within the Sustaining Forests in a Changing Environment of the US Forest Service Northern Research Station, who provided great insight into and debate and discussion about the biological and disturbance characteristics that we ultimately selected for inclusion. We, also, thank John Kabrick, Laura Kenefic, Bray Beltran, Janet Franklin and Susan Stout for their reviews of this manuscript. NR 66 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 15 PY 2011 VL 262 IS 8 BP 1460 EP 1472 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.06.047 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 825QN UT WOS:000295297300015 ER PT J AU Tyree, MC Seiler, JR Maier, CA AF Tyree, Michael C. Seiler, John R. Maier, Chris A. TI Short-term impacts of soil amendments on belowground C cycling and soil nutrition in two contrasting Pinus taeda L. genotypes SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbon sequestration; Fertilization; Logging residue incorporation; Microbial biomass; Soil respiration ID FUMIGATION-EXTRACTION METHOD; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ORGANIC-MATTER; CO2 EFFLUX; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; MICROCOSM EXPERIMENT; VEGETATION CONTROL; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; CARBON ALLOCATION; SITE PREPARATION AB We monitored two Pinus taeda L. genotypes, planted in 170 L lysimeters, subjected to different combinations of fertilization and logging residue (LR) incorporation for 1 year. The objectives were to elucidate how soil amendments modified soil biological properties and belowground C cycling, and secondly, to determine if planting of contrasting genotypes have a detectable impact on total soil CO2 efflux (F-S). LR incorporation resulted in decreased bulk density, increased total soil porosity, and increased total soil C and N contained within the fine-soil fraction. For most of the experiment we found no consistent differences between genotypes; however, on the final two sampling dates a pattern emerged of one clone showing greater F-S. If this pattern continues or becomes stronger with increased occupation of soil by roots it may have an influence on total site net C exchange. Increased C loss by way of F-S and soil leaching made up approximately 7% of total C incorporated as LR. Conservative estimates using a constant rate of decomposition showed that it would take a minimum of 15 years to fully decompose the incorporated LR. Our data suggest that moderate rates of LR incorporation following harvesting over multiple rotations could increase SOM without negatively impacting plant growth, which could increase soil C sequestration. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tyree, Michael C.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Sch Forestry, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. [Seiler, John R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Maier, Chris A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Tyree, MC (reprint author), Louisiana Tech Univ, Sch Forestry, POB 10138, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. EM mtyree@latech.edu; jseiler@vt.edu; cmaier@fed.fs.us FU US Forest Service; Virginia Tech Graduate Student Association; Virginia Tech, Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation FX The authors would like to thank US Forest Service, Virginia Tech Graduate Student Association, and the Virginia Tech, Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation for partial funding of this research. Special thanks to John Peterson and Jeremy Stovall for designing, construction, and filling of Lysimeters. Thanks to Phil Dougherty and Mead Westvaco for donating clonal seedlings. Additional thanks to Daniel Mcinnis for assistance setting up and running the ACES, and Kurt Johnsen and Karen Sarsony for C and N analysis. Thanks to Drs. Mike Aust and Thomas Fox for their expert advice. Special thanks to Mike Aust and Bobby Ashburn for their help in obtaining soil for use in this research. Finally, we would like to thank Jennifer Tyree for her many hours of help in the greenhouse. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 15 PY 2011 VL 262 IS 8 BP 1473 EP 1482 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.06.048 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 825QN UT WOS:000295297300016 ER PT J AU Antony, F Schimleck, LR Jordan, L Clark, A Daniels, RF AF Antony, Finto Schimleck, Laurence R. Jordan, Lewis Clark, Alexander Daniels, Richard F. TI Effect of early age woody and herbaceous competition control on wood properties of loblolly pine SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Pinus taeda L.; Intensive management; Linear mixed model; Juvenile wood ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION MANAGEMENT; GROWTH-RESPONSES; PLANTATIONS; GRAVITY; AVAILABILITY; MIDROTATION; NUTRIENT; TAEDA; FERTILIZATION AB Early age competition control has been reported to significantly improve the growth and yield of plantation grown loblolly pine. The objective of this paper is to understand the changes in wood properties: basal area weighted whole disk SG, earlywood SG (EWSG), latewood SG (LWSG) and latewood percent (LWP) of 14 year-old trees which received early age herbaceous and hardwood competition control, using data collected from 13-sites across 4-physiographic regions in the southeastern USA. The study was laid out in a randomized complete block design and had four levels of weed control (no weed control: woody vegetation control: herbaceous vegetation control: and woody and herbaceous vegetation control), with four blocks at each site. Increment cores 12 mm in diameter were collected at breast height (1.37 m) from 9-trees in each plot and ring-by-ring SG, EWSG, LWSG and LWP measured using a X-ray densitometer. Whole disk basal area weighted SG and LWP were determined for each tree and used for analysis. A reduction in whole disk SG of 0.039 and 0.0014 and LWP of 7.38% and 3.62% was observed for trees which received total weed control compared to no weed control, for lower and upper Coastal Plain sites, respectively. For trees receiving total weed control compared to no weed control, it was observed that the diameter of the juvenile core increased by 20% on average across all physiographic regions. However, no change in the length of the juvenile period was observed among treatments other than the regional differences. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Antony, Finto; Schimleck, Laurence R.; Daniels, Richard F.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Clark, Alexander] USDA Forest Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Antony, F (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM fintoa@warnell.uga.edu FU Wood Quality Consortium at the University of Georgia; United States Department of Agriculture - Forest Service FX Thanks to Wood Quality Consortium at the University of Georgia, our industrial partners and United States Department of Agriculture - Forest Service for providing the funding for this study. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 15 PY 2011 VL 262 IS 8 BP 1639 EP 1647 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.07.015 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 825QN UT WOS:000295297300033 ER PT J AU Bilbao-Sainz, C Bras, J Williams, T Senechal, T Orts, W AF Bilbao-Sainz, Cristina Bras, Julien Williams, Tina Senechal, Tangi Orts, William TI HPMC reinforced with different cellulose nano-particles SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE HPMC; Cellulose; Nanoparticles; Nanocomposites; Barrier; Biodegradable packaging ID WATER-VAPOR PERMEABILITY; EDIBLE FILMS; BARRIER PROPERTIES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; FATTY-ACID; NANOCOMPOSITES; COMPOSITES; CHITOSAN AB Three different types of cellulose nanoparticles: (i) nano-fibrils cellulose (NFC), (ii) nano-fibrils cellulose oxidized using the tempo reaction (NFCt) and (iii) cellulose whiskers, were incorporated into HPMC edible films at different concentrations. The films were examined for mechanical and moisture barrier properties verifying how the addition of cellulose nano-particles affected the water affinities (water adsorption/desorption isotherms) and the diffusion coefficients. In general, addition of NFC or NFCt negatively affected the performance of the HPMC films. However the reinforcing effect of the cellulose particles was observed when whiskers were used as the filling material; an increase of 22% in tensile strength and 55% in Young's modulus were achieved while the elongation at break of the films was preserved. Addition of whiskers also improved the water barrier properties of the composite films. This effect was attributed to the lower water affinity of the composite films, as compared with the HPMC films, since the water diffusivity values were not affected by the addition of whiskers. Furthermore, the whiskers only decreased 3-6% the transparency of the HPMC films showing 86-89% visible light transmission values, allowing application as edible barrier and transparent film. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bilbao-Sainz, Cristina; Williams, Tina; Orts, William] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Bras, Julien; Senechal, Tangi] Ecole Int Papier Commun Imprimee & Biomat, Grenoble, France. RP Bilbao-Sainz, C (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM cristina.bilbao@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 6 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD OCT 15 PY 2011 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1549 EP 1557 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.06.060 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 820YD UT WOS:000294941100016 ER PT J AU Zhu, LJ Liu, QQ Wilson, JD Gu, MH Shi, YC AF Zhu, Li-Jia Liu, Qiao-Quan Wilson, Jeff D. Gu, Ming-Hong Shi, Yong-Cheng TI Digestibility and physicochemical properties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) flours and starches differing in amylose content SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE Rice; Starch digestibility; Amylose; Resistant starch ID SLOW DIGESTION PROPERTY; NATIVE CEREAL STARCHES; IN-VITRO; RESISTANT STARCH; MAIZE STARCHES; AVAILABLE GLUCOSE; GLYCEMIC INDEX; ALPHA-AMYLASE; POTATO STARCH; MILLED RICE AB Digestibility of starches in four rice samples with amylose content (AC) from 1.7 to 55.4%, including a newly developed high-amylose rice, was investigated. An in vitro enzymatic starch digestion method and an AOAC method were applied to correlate rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly digestible starch (SOS), resistant starch (RS), and total dietary fiber (TDF) content with the AC in the samples. SDS content decreased and RS and TDF content increased with the increase in AC. The low-amylose rice (AC = 16.1%) had starch granules with weak crystalline structure and was lower in RS and TDF content even though it had a higher AC compared to waxy rice. The digestibility of the starches was not correlated with granule size or degree of crystallinity. The newly developed high-amylose rice starch exhibited a predominant B-type X-ray diffraction pattern, a great proportion of long chains in amylopectin, high gelatinization temperature, and semi-compound starch granules which are attributed to its increased resistance to enzyme digestion. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhu, Li-Jia; Liu, Qiao-Quan; Gu, Ming-Hong] Yangzhou Univ, Key Lab Plant Funct Genom, Jiangsu Key Lab Crop Genet & Physiol, Minist Educ, Yangzhou 225009, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Li-Jia; Shi, Yong-Cheng] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Wilson, Jeff D.] USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Health, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Liu, QQ (reprint author), Yangzhou Univ, Key Lab Plant Funct Genom, Jiangsu Key Lab Crop Genet & Physiol, Minist Educ, Yangzhou 225009, Peoples R China. EM qqliu@yzu.edu.cn; ycshi@ksu.edu FU Natural Science Foundation [30828021, 31071383]; National Key Project for Basic Research of China [2011CB100202]; Jiangsu Government [2011CB100202]; Department of Grain Science and Industry at Kansas State University FX This study was supported by Natural Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 30828021 and 31071383), the National Key Project for Basic Research (2011CB100202) of China, and the Priority Academic Program Development from Jiangsu Government (grant no. 2011CB100202). L.J. Zhu thanks the Department of Grain Science and Industry at Kansas State University for the support and opportunity to work as a visiting student. We thank Dr. Sajid Alavi for the use of DSC equipment. NR 42 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 10 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD OCT 15 PY 2011 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1751 EP 1759 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.017 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 820YD UT WOS:000294941100044 ER PT J AU Tako, E Blair, MW Glahn, RP AF Tako, Elad Blair, Matthew W. Glahn, Raymond P. TI Biofortified red mottled beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in a maize and bean diet provide more bioavailable iron than standard red mottled beans: Studies in poultry (Gallus gallus) and an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 model SO NUTRITION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Beans; biofortification; iron bioavailability; in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model; broiler chicken; intestine ID CACO-2 CELLS; NONHEME IRON; FERRITIN; EXPRESSION; PIGLETS; HEMOCHROMATOSIS; FORTIFICATION; AVAILABILITY; PURIFICATION; DEFICIENCY AB Background: Our objective was to compare the capacities of biofortified and standard colored beans to deliver iron (Fe) for hemoglobin synthesis. Two isolines of large-seeded, red mottled Andean beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), one standard ("Low Fe") and the other biofortified ("High Fe") in Fe (49 and 71 mu g Fe/g, respectively) were used. This commercial class of red mottled beans is the preferred varietal type for most of the Caribbean and Eastern and Southern Africa where almost three quarters of a million hectares are grown. Therefore it is important to know the affect of biofortification of these beans on diets that simulate human feeding studies. Methods: Maize-based diets containing the beans were formulated to meet the nutrient requirements for broiler except for Fe (Fe concentrations in the 2 diets were 42.9 +/- 1.2 and 54.6 +/- 0.9 mg/kg). One day old chicks (Gallus gallus) were allocated to the experimental diets (n = 12). For 4 wk, hemoglobin, feed-consumption and bodyweights were measured. Results: Hemoglobin maintenance efficiencies (HME) (means +/- SEM) were different between groups on days 14 and 21 of the experiment (P < 0.05). Final total body hemoglobin Fe contents were different between the standard (12.58 +/- 1.0 mg {0.228 +/- 0.01 mu mol}) and high Fe (15.04 +/- 0.65 mg {0.273 +/- 0.01 mu mol}) bean groups (P < 0.05). At the end of the experiment, tissue samples were collected from the intestinal duodenum and liver for further analyses. Divalent-metal-transporter-1, duodenal-cytochrome-B, and ferroportin expressions were higher and liver ferritin was lower (P < 0.05) in the standard group vs. the biofortified group. In-vitro analysis showed lower iron bioavailability in cells exposed to standard ("Low Fe") bean based diet. Conclusions: We conclude that the in-vivo results support the in-vitro observations; biofortified colored beans contain more bioavailable-iron than standard colored beans. In addition, biofortified beans seems to be a promising vehicle for increasing intakes of bioavailable Fe in human populations that consume these beans as a dietary staple. This justifies further work on the large-seeded Andean beans which are the staple of a large-region of Africa where iron-deficiency anemia is a primary cause of infant death and poor health status. C1 [Tako, Elad; Glahn, Raymond P.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Blair, Matthew W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Blair, Matthew W.] CIAT, Cali, Colombia. RP Tako, E (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM et79@cornell.edu NR 32 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 19 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2891 J9 NUTR J JI Nutr. J. PD OCT 14 PY 2011 VL 10 AR 113 DI 10.1186/1475-2891-10-113 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 844AS UT WOS:000296720100001 PM 21995581 ER PT J AU Mertins, JW Hanson, BA Corn, JL AF Mertins, James W. Hanson, Britta A. Corn, Joseph L. TI Echimyopus dasypus Fain et al. (Acari: Astigmatina: Echimyopodidae) from a nine-banded armadillo, Dasypus novemcinctus L. (Mammalia: Dasypodidae), in Florida, USA SO SYSTEMATIC AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; GLYCYPHAGIDAE; ECTOPARASITES AB We collected parasitic deutonymphs of Echimyopus dasypus Fain et al. from a wild-caught nine-banded armadillo, Dasypus novemcinctus L., for the first time within the United States of America, although this mite was previously found in England on armadillos imported from Florida. The new specimens came from a free-ranging animal captured in Hendry County, Florida, in 2004. RP Mertins, JW (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM James.W.Mertins@aphis.usda.gov FU Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture [0491130808CA, 0091130808CA, 0496130032CA, 1096130032CA]; fish and wildlife agency of Alabama; fish and wildlife agency of Arkansas; fish and wildlife agency of Florida; fish and wildlife agency of Georgia; fish and wildlife agency of Kansas; fish and wildlife agency of Kentucky; fish and wildlife agency of Louisiana; fish and wildlife agency of Maryland; fish and wildlife agency of Mississippi; fish and wildlife agency of Missouri; fish and wildlife agency of North Carolina; fish and wildlife agency of Puerto Rico; fish and wildlife agency of South Carolina; fish and wildlife agency of Tennessee; fish and wildlife agency of Virginia; fish and wildlife agency of West Virginia; Biological Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior [06ERAG0005] FX We gratefully acknowledge Craig Okraska for assistance in the field and the Okaloacoochee State Forest for permitting the collections. Funding for this project was provided through Cooperative Agreements 0491130808CA and 1091130808CA, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Additional funds were provided through sponsorship from the fish and wildlife agencies of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia; through the Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Act (50 Stat. 917) and Grant Agreement 06ERAG0005, Biological Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior; and through Cooperative Agreements 0496130032CA and 1096130032CA, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SYSTEMATIC & APPLIED ACAROLOGY SOC LONDON, NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PI LONDON PA DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, LONDON, SW7 5BD, ENGLAND SN 1362-1971 J9 SYST APPL ACAROL-UK JI Syst. Appl. Acarol. PD OCT 14 PY 2011 VL 16 IS 3 BP 252 EP 254 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 841TF UT WOS:000296535400010 ER PT J AU Henderson, JN Kuriata, AM Fromme, R Salvucci, ME Wachter, RM AF Henderson, J. Nathan Kuriata, Agnieszka M. Fromme, Raimund Salvucci, Michael E. Wachter, Rebekka M. TI Atomic Resolution X-ray Structure of the Substrate Recognition Domain of Higher Plant Ribulose-bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase (Rubisco) Activase SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE; INTRINSIC FLUORESCENCE; ARGININE RESIDUES; AAA+ PROTEINS; LARGE SUBUNIT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ATP; ARABIDOPSIS; SUBSTITUTION; ENHANCEMENT AB The rapid release of tight-binding inhibitors from dead-end ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) complexes requires the activity of Rubisco activase, an AAA + ATPase that utilizes chemo-mechanical energy to catalyze the reactivation of Rubisco. Activase is thought to play a central role in coordinating the rate of CO(2) fixation with the light reactions of photosynthesis. Here, we present a 1.9 angstrom crystal structure of the C-domain core of creosote activase. The fold consists of a canonical four-helix bundle, from which a paddle-like extension protrudes that entails a nine-turn helix lined by an irregularly structured peptide strand. The residues Lys-313 and Val-316 involved in the species-specific recognition of Rubisco are located near the tip of the paddle. An ionic bond between Lys-313 and Glu-309 appears to stabilize the glycine-rich end of the helix. Structural superpositions onto the distant homolog FtsH imply that the paddles extend away from the hexameric toroid in a fan-like fashion, such that the hydrophobic sides of each blade bearing Trp-302 are facing inward and the polar sides bearing Lys-313 and Val-316 are facing outward. Therefore, we speculate that upon binding, the activase paddles embrace the Rubisco cylinder by placing their hydrophobic patches near the partner protein. This model suggests that conformational adjustments at the remote end of the paddle may relate to selectivity in recognition, rather than specific ionic contacts involving Lys-313. Additionally, the superpositions predict that the catalytically critical Arg-293 does not interact with the bound nucleotide. Hypothetical ring-ring stacking and peptide threading models for Rubisco reactivation are briefly discussed. C1 [Henderson, J. Nathan; Kuriata, Agnieszka M.; Fromme, Raimund; Wachter, Rebekka M.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Salvucci, Michael E.] ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Maricopa, AZ 85139 USA. RP Wachter, RM (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM rwachter@asu.edu OI Fromme, Raimund/0000-0003-4835-1080 FU United States Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-09-ER16123, DE-FG02-08ER-20268] FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences Photosynthetic Systems Grants DE-FG02-09-ER16123 (to R. M. W.) and DE-FG02-08ER-20268 (to M. E. S.). NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 14 PY 2011 VL 286 IS 41 BP 35683 EP 35688 DI 10.1074/jbc.C111.289595 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 834AG UT WOS:000295927100040 PM 21880724 ER PT J AU Richardson, K Lai, CQ Parnell, LD Lee, YC Ordovas, JM AF Richardson, Kris Lai, Chao-Qiang Parnell, Laurence D. Lee, Yu-Chi Ordovas, Jose M. TI A genome-wide survey for SNPs altering microRNA seed sites identifies functional candidates in GWAS SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; NATURAL-SELECTION; POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION; TARGET SITES; ASSOCIATION; DISEASE; POLYMORPHISMS; RESOURCE; DATABASE; LOCI AB Background: Gene variants within regulatory regions are thought to be major contributors of the variation of complex traits/diseases. Genome wide association studies (GWAS), have identified scores of genetic variants that appear to contribute to human disease risk. However, most of these variants do not appear to be functional. Thus, the significance of the association may be brought up by still unknown mechanisms or by linkage disequilibrium (LD) with functional polymorphisms. In the present study, focused on functional variants related with the binding of microRNAs (miR), we utilized SNP data, including newly released 1000 Genomes Project data to perform a genome-wide scan of SNPs that abrogate or create miR recognition element (MRE) seed sites (MRESS). Results: We identified 2723 SNPs disrupting, and 22295 SNPs creating MRESSs. We estimated the percent of SNPs falling within both validated (5%) and predicted conserved MRESSs (3%). We determined 87 of these MRESS SNPs were listed in GWAS association studies, or in strong LD with a GWAS SNP, and may represent the functional variants of identified GWAS SNPs. Furthermore, 39 of these have evidence of co-expression of target mRNA and the predicted miR. We also gathered previously published eQTL data supporting a functional role for four of these SNPs shown to associate with disease phenotypes. Comparison of F-ST statistics (a measure of population subdivision) for predicted MRESS SNPs against non MRESS SNPs revealed a significantly higher (P = 0.0004) degree of subdivision among MRESS SNPs, suggesting a role for these SNPs in environmentally driven selection. Conclusions: We have demonstrated the potential of publicly available resources to identify high priority candidate SNPs for functional studies and for disease risk prediction. C1 [Richardson, Kris; Lai, Chao-Qiang; Parnell, Laurence D.; Lee, Yu-Chi; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] CNIC, Dept Cardiovasc Epidemiol & Populat Genet, Madrid, Spain. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Inst Madrileno Estudios Avanzados IMDEA Alimentac, Madrid, Spain. RP Richardson, K (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Kris.richardson@tufts.edu FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL-54776]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [DK075030]; US Department of Agriculture Research [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001] FX This work was supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grants HL-54776; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Grant Number DK075030; and by contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture Research. NR 52 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD OCT 13 PY 2011 VL 12 AR 504 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-12-504 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 844SC UT WOS:000296766600001 PM 21995669 ER PT J AU Weimer, PJ Stevenson, DM Mertens, DR Hall, MB AF Weimer, P. J. Stevenson, D. M. Mertens, D. R. Hall, M. B. TI Fiber digestion, VFA production, and microbial population changes during in vitro ruminal fermentations of mixed rations by monensin-adapted and unadapted microbes SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacterial populations; In vitro fermentation; Monensin; qPCR; Ruminal bacteria ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; RUMINOCOCCUS-FLAVEFACIENS; CONTINUOUS-CULTURE; RUMEN; VIVO; DIGESTIBILITY; INVITRO; MICROORGANISMS; BACTERIOCIN; COMPETITION AB Mixed ruminal microbes were incubated for 24 h in vitro with mixed forage and concentrate rations under conditions that differed in starch level (200 or 300 g/kg dry matter (DM)), initial pH (6.3 or 6.7) and corn oil (0 or 10 g/kg DM), in order to determine effects on fermentation (fiber digestibility, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production) and relative population sizes (RPS) of various bacterial taxa (expressed as a percentage of 16S ribosomal RNA gene copies determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)). Within the range of in vitro conditions tested, monensin-adapted inocula incubated in the presence of monensin did not differ in in vitro fiber digestibility relative to inocula from the same cows prior to adaptation and incubated in the absence of monensin. Although total VFA production did not differ among in vitro treatments, a shift from acetate toward propionate production was generally observed at the higher starch level, lower pH, and presence of corn oil. Surprisingly, monensin cultures displayed slightly decreased proportions of propionate and increased proportions of butyrate and valerate. After 24 h in vitro incubations containing 300 g starch/kg DM and in the absence of monensin, the RPS of 13 of the 16 taxa examined differed (P<0.01) from that of the inoculum. In vitro incubation increased the RPS of the Ruminococcus albus, Selenomonas ruminantium, Succinivibrio dextrinisolvens. and Megasphaera elsdenii, and decreased the RPS of the genus Prevotella, and the species P. brevis, P. bryantii, P. ruminicola, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Eubacterium ruminantium, Fibrobacter succinogenes. Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Streptococcus bovis. The RPS of Ruminobacter amylophilus, the genus Ruminococcus and the Domain Archaea did not change after 24 h in vitro incubation. Shifts in RPS during in vitro incubation were remarkably independent of initial pH or corn oil. The data indicate that in vitro conditions can substantially change the quantitative distribution of ruminal bacterial populations, and that these changes are both inherent in the in vitro method, and distinct from specific differences in divergent in vitro environmental conditions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Weimer, P. J.; Stevenson, D. M.; Mertens, D. R.; Hall, M. B.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Weimer, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Paul.Weimer@ars.usda.gov; David.M.Stevenson@ars.usda.gov; DRMertens@mertensinnovation.com; MaryBeth.Hall@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS; Elanco Animal Health (Greenfield, IN) FX This work was supported through a Trust Fund Agreement between USDA-ARS and Elanco Animal Health (Greenfield, IN). We thank Elvin Thomas (Elanco) for supplying concentrate mixes with and without monensin, and for valuable discussions regarding monensin use. We also thank Christine Odt, Kim Darling, Diane Amundson and Len Strozinski (USDFRC) for technical assistance; the UW-Madison Dairy Barn Crew for animal handling. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD OCT 13 PY 2011 VL 169 IS 1-2 BP 68 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.06.002 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 827RL UT WOS:000295445500008 ER PT J AU Yu, Y Luo, J Mitra, A Chang, S Tian, F Zhang, HM Yuan, P Zhou, HJ Song, JZ AF Yu, Ying Luo, Juan Mitra, Apratim Chang, Shuang Tian, Fei Zhang, Huanmin Yuan, Ping Zhou, Huaijun Song, Jiuzhou TI Temporal Transcriptome Changes Induced by MDV in Marek's Disease-Resistant and -Susceptible Inbred Chickens SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-INFECTED LYMPHOCYTES; LOCI AFFECTING SUSCEPTIBILITY; T-CELL-ACTIVATION; NITRIC-OXIDE; PROTEIN-SEQUENCE; LAYER CHICKENS; HOST RESPONSES; ALPHA-3 DOMAIN; TUMOR; MICROARRAY AB Background: Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disease in chickens caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV) and characterized by T cell lymphoma and infiltration of lymphoid cells into various organs such as liver, spleen, peripheral nerves and muscle. Resistance to MD and disease risk have long been thought to be influenced both by genetic and environmental factors, the combination of which contributes to the observed outcome in an individual. We hypothesize that after MDV infection, genes related to MD-resistance or -susceptibility may exhibit different trends in transcriptional activity in chicken lines having a varying degree of resistance to MD. Results: In order to study the mechanisms of resistance and susceptibility to MD, we performed genome-wide temporal expression analysis in spleen tissues from MD-resistant line 6(3), susceptible line 7(2) and recombinant congenic strain M (RCS-M) that has a phenotype intermediate between lines 6(3) and 7(2) after MDV infection. Three time points of the MDV life cycle in chicken were selected for study: 5 days post infection (dpi), 10dpi and 21dpi, representing the early cytolytic, latent and late cytolytic stages, respectively. We observed similar gene expression profiles at the three time points in line 6(3) and RCS-M chickens that are both different from line 7(2). Pathway analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) showed that MDV can broadly influence the chickens irrespective of whether they are resistant or susceptible to MD. However, some pathways like cardiac arrhythmia and cardiovascular disease were found to be affected only in line 7(2); while some networks related to cell-mediated immune response and antigen presentation were enriched only in line 6(3) and RCS-M. We identified 78 and 30 candidate genes associated with MD resistance, at 10 and 21dpi respectively, by considering genes having the same trend of expression change after MDV infection in lines 6(3) and RCS-M. On the other hand, by considering genes with the same trend of expression change after MDV infection in lines 7(2) and RCS-M, we identified 78 and 43 genes at 10 and 21dpi, respectively, which may be associated with MD-susceptibility. Conclusions: By testing temporal transcriptome changes using three representative chicken lines with different resistance to MD, we identified 108 candidate genes for MD-resistance and 121 candidate genes for MD-susceptibility over the three time points. Genes included in our resistance or susceptibility genes lists that are also involved in more than 5 biofunctions, such as CD8 alpha, IL8, USP18, and CTLA4, are considered to be important genes involved in MD-resistance or -susceptibility. We were also able to identify several biofunctions related with immune response that we believe play an important role in MD-resistance. C1 [Yu, Ying; Luo, Juan; Mitra, Apratim; Tian, Fei; Yuan, Ping; Song, Jiuzhou] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chang, Shuang; Zhang, Huanmin] ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Yu, Ying] China Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci, Dept Anim Breeding & Genet, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Huaijun] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Song, JZ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM songj88@umd.edu FU USDA-NRI/NIFA [2008-35204-04660, 2010-65205-20588] FX The work was supported by USDA-NRI/NIFA 2008-35204-04660 and USDA-NRI/NIFA 2010-65205-20588. NR 62 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD OCT 12 PY 2011 VL 12 AR 501 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-12-501 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 887AI UT WOS:000299897000001 PM 21992110 ER PT J AU Goebel, TS McInnes, KJ Senseman, SA Lascano, RJ Marchand, LS Davis, TA AF Goebel, Timothy S. McInnes, Kevin J. Senseman, Scott A. Lascano, Robert J. Marchand, Lucas S. Davis, Todd A. TI Modifying polymer flocculants for the removal of inorganic phosphate from water SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article ID N-PHENYLTHIOUREA; RECOGNITION; CARBOXYLATE; RECEPTORS; ANIONS; UREA; DERIVATIVES; RECOVERY; ACRYLOYL; BEHAVIOR AB Due to strong hydrogen bonding interactions, thiourea has been shown to have a high affinity for anions such as inorganic phosphate. The interaction between phosphate and thiourea has been used to develop technologies that can detect and even remove phosphate from water. This research investigates the use of thiourea derivatized polymer flocculants for the sequestering of inorganic phosphate from water. The study presented herein describes the development of a thiourea based monomer that was used to create a bi-functional polymer that flocculates suspended solid material as well as sorbs phosphate, removing both from water. The new polymer removed more than 60% of the phosphate from a simulated wastewater sample. The addition of a thiourea trapping group to the polymer more than doubled the amount of phosphate removed from solution compared to control polymers. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Marchand, Lucas S.; Davis, Todd A.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Chem, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Goebel, Timothy S.; McInnes, Kevin J.; Senseman, Scott A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Goebel, Timothy S.; Lascano, Robert J.] USDA, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Chem, 921 8th Ave, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM tim.goebel@usda.ars.gov; k-mcinnes@tamu.edu; tim.goebel@usda.ars.gov FU College of Arts & Sciences at Idaho State University; NSF [NSF CHE-1048714]; Department of Chemistry, Office of Research FX T.A.D. would like to thank the Department of Chemistry, Office of Research, and the College of Arts & Sciences at Idaho State University for generous start-up funds. DSC-TGA-MS was purchased through funding from NSF (NSF CHE-1048714). T.S.G. would like to thank Dr. Casey Carrothers for insightful input. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD OCT 12 PY 2011 VL 52 IS 41 BP 5241 EP 5244 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.07.130 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 828KK UT WOS:000295499700009 ER PT J AU Lester, GE Saftner, RA AF Lester, Gene E. Saftner, Robert A. TI Organically versus Conventionally Grown Produce: Common Production Inputs, Nutritional Quality, and Nitrogen Delivery between the Two Systems SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE phytonutrients; sensory quality; soil nitrogen availability ID FRUIT-QUALITY; PLANT FOODS; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; SOIL QUALITY; CONSUMER; YIELD; VEGETABLES; MANAGEMENT; POTATOES; NUTRIENT AB One distinguishing conclusion found in most reviews of research studies comparing organically and conventionally grown produce is that variables shared alike by organic and conventional produce during production, harvest, and postharvest handling and storage were not applied. As a result, accurate and meaningful conclusions comparing the nutritional quality of organic and conventional produce are difficult to ascertain. Pairing common production variables such as the physical, biological, and chemical/nutritional attributes of soils, the irrigation sources and amounts, crop varieties, crop maturities and harvest dates, pre- and postharvest processing, handling, and/or storage methods, individually and collectively, provide greater clarity as to how inputs unique to organic and conventional systems affect produce quality. Variables to be paired during production, harvest, and postharvest handling and storage studies comparing organic and conventional produce are discussed along with findings indicating that organic crops often have higher dry matter, ascorbic acid, phenolic, and sugar and lower moisture, nitrate, and protein contents and yields than conventionally grown crops. Recent studies of nutritional quality in organic versus conventional produce also indicate that soil nitrogen delivery rates strongly affect nutritional quality. Nitrogen profiling is a promising new approach to improving the nutritional quality of both organic and conventional produce. C1 [Lester, Gene E.; Saftner, Robert A.] ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr,USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lester, GE (reprint author), ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr,USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 002, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gene.lester@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [1275-43440-004] FX This work was supported by funds from USDA-ARS Project 1275-43440-004 to G.E.L. and R.A.S. NR 61 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 7 U2 77 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 12 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 19 BP 10401 EP 10406 DI 10.1021/jf202385x PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 828FX UT WOS:000295488000001 PM 21910454 ER PT J AU Qiang, ZY Ye, Z Hauck, C Murphy, PA McCoy, JA Widrlechner, MP Reddy, MB Hendrich, S AF Qiang, Zhiyi Ye, Zhong Hauck, Cathy Murphy, Patricia A. McCoy, Joe-Ann Widrlechner, Mark P. Reddy, Manju B. Hendrich, Suzanne TI Permeability of rosmarinic acid in Prunella vulgaris and ursolic acid in Salvia officinalis extracts across Caco-2 cell monolayers SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Prunella vulgaris; Salvia officinalis; Rosmarinic acid; Ursolic acid; Permeability; Caco-2 ID TRANSEPITHELIAL TRANSPORT; PERILLA-FRUTESCENS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; CAFFEIC ACID; ABSORPTION; PLASMA; MODEL; METABOLITES; MEDICINE AB Ethnopharmacological relevance: Rosmarinic acid (RA), a caffeic acid-related compound found in high concentrations in Prunella vulgaris (self-heal), and ursolic acid (HA), a pentacyclic triterpene acid concentrated in Salvia officinalis (sage), have been traditionally used to treat inflammation in the mouth, and may also be beneficial for gastrointestinal health in general. Aim of the study: To investigate the permeabilities of RA and HA as pure compounds and in Prunella vulgaris and Salvia officinalis ethanol extracts across human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayers. Materials and methods: The permeabilities and phase II biotransformation of RA and UA as pure compounds and in herbal extracts were compared using Caco-2 cells with HPLC detection. Results: The apparent permeability coefficient (P(app)) for RA and RA in Prunella vulgaris extracts was 0.2 +/- 0.05 x 10(-6) cm/s, significantly increased to 0.9 +/- 0.2 x 10(-6) cm/s after p-glucuronidase/sulfatase treatment. Papp for HA and UA in Salvia officinalis extract was 2.7 +/- 0.3 x 10(-6) cm/s and 2.3 +/- 0.5 x 10(-6) cm/s before and after beta-glucuronidase/sulfatase treatment, respectively. Neither compound was affected in permeability by the herbal extract matrix. Conclusion: RA and UA in herbal extracts had similar uptake as that found using the pure compounds, which may simplify the prediction of compound efficacy, but the apparent lack of intestinal glucuronidation/sulfation of UA is likely to further enhance the bioavailability of that compound compared with RA. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Qiang, Zhiyi; Hauck, Cathy; Murphy, Patricia A.; Reddy, Manju B.; Hendrich, Suzanne] Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ye, Zhong] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [McCoy, Joe-Ann] N Carolina Arboretum, Bent Creek Inst, Asheville, NC USA. [Widrlechner, Mark P.] USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Intro Stn, Ames, IA USA. [Widrlechner, Mark P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA USA. [Widrlechner, Mark P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA USA. RP Hendrich, S (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM qiangzhy@iastate.edu; zye@ucdavis.edu; cchauck@iastate.edu; pmurphy@iastate.edu; Jmccoy@ncarboretum.org; Mark.Widrlechner@ars.usda.gov; mbreddy@iastate.edu; shendric@iastate.edu OI Hendrich, Suzanne/0000-0001-8700-4765 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [P01 ES012020]; Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), National Institutes of Health (NIH); National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) [9P50AT004155-06]; ODS, NIH FX This publication was made possible by grant number P01 ES012020 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), National Institutes of Health (NIH) and grant number 9P50AT004155-06 from the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) and ODS, NIH. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD OCT 11 PY 2011 VL 137 IS 3 BP 1107 EP 1112 DI 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.037 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 852WA UT WOS:000297387000008 PM 21798330 ER PT J AU Greenlee, JJ Smith, JD Kunkle, RA AF Greenlee, Justin J. Smith, Jodi D. Kunkle, Robert A. TI White-tailed deer are susceptible to the agent of sheep scrapie by intracerebral inoculation SO VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; CERVUS-ELAPHUS-NELSONI; CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES; ABNORMAL PRION PROTEIN; ROCKY-MOUNTAIN ELK; MULE DEER; ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; SPECIES BARRIERS; SUFFOLK SHEEP AB Interspecies transmission studies afford the opportunity to better understand the potential host range and origins of prion diseases. The purpose of this experiment was to determine susceptibility of white-tailed deer to the agent of scrapie after intracerebral inoculation and to compare clinical signs and lesions to those reported for chronic wasting disease (CWD). Deer (n = 5) were inoculated with 1 mL of a 10% (wt/vol) brain homogenate derived from a sheep clinically affected with scrapie. A non-inoculated deer was maintained as a negative control. Deer were observed daily for clinical signs of disease and euthanized and necropsied when unequivocal signs of scrapie were noted. One animal died 7 months post inoculation (pi) due to intercurrent disease. Examinations of brain tissue for the presence of the disease-associated abnormal prion protein (PrP(Sc)) by western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were negative whereas IHC of lymphoid tissues was positive. Deer necropsied at 1522 months pi were positive for scrapie by IHC and WB. Deer necropsied after 20 months pi had clinical signs of depression and progressive weight loss. Tissues with PrPSc immunoreactivity included brain (at levels of cerebrum, hippocampus, colliculus, cerebellum, and brainstem), trigeminal ganglion, neurohypophysis, retina, spinal cord, and various lymphoid tissues including tonsil, retropharyngeal and mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and spleen. This work demonstrates for the first time that white-tailed deer are susceptible to sheep scrapie by intracerebral inoculation. To further test the susceptibility of white-tailed deer to scrapie these experiments will be repeated with a more natural route of inoculation. C1 [Greenlee, Justin J.; Smith, Jodi D.; Kunkle, Robert A.] ARS, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Greenlee, JJ (reprint author), ARS, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM justin.greenlee@ars.usda.gov RI Wright, Lori/G-7315-2011 NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0928-4249 J9 VET RES JI Vet. Res. PD OCT 11 PY 2011 VL 42 AR 107 DI 10.1186/1297-9716-42-107 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 844IA UT WOS:000296739700001 PM 21988781 ER PT J AU Zhang, QR Nachman, RJ Kaczmarek, K Zabrocki, J Denlinger, DL AF Zhang, Qirui Nachman, Ronald J. Kaczmarek, Krzysztof Zabrocki, Janusz Denlinger, David L. TI Disruption of insect diapause using agonists and an antagonist of diapause hormone SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE diapause manipulation; peptidomimetics ID BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; CORN-EARWORM; GENE; ANALOG AB The dormant state known as diapause is widely exploited by insects to circumvent winter and other adverse seasons. For an insect to survive, feed, and reproduce at the appropriate time of year requires fine coordination of the timing of entry into and exit from diapause. One of the hormones that regulates diapause in moths is the 24-aa neuropeptide, diapause hormone (DH). Among members of the Helicoverpa/Heliothis complex of agricultural pests, DH prompts the termination of pupal diapause. Based on the structure of DH, we designed several agonists that are much more active than DH in breaking diapause. One such agonist that we describe also prevents the entry into pupal diapause when administered to larvae that are environmentally programmed for diapause. In addition, we used the unique antagonist development strategy of incorporating a dihydroimidazole ("Jones") trans-Proline mimetic motif into one of our DH agonists, thereby converting the agonist into a DH antagonist that blocks the termination of diapause. These results suggest potential for using such agents or next-generation derivatives for derailing the success of overwintering in pest species. C1 [Nachman, Ronald J.; Kaczmarek, Krzysztof; Zabrocki, Janusz] USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Zhang, Qirui; Denlinger, David L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Zhang, Qirui; Denlinger, David L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kaczmarek, Krzysztof; Zabrocki, Janusz] Tech Univ Lodz, Inst Organ Chem, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. RP Nachman, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM nachman@tamu.edu; denlinger.1@osu.edu RI Zhang, Qirui/C-6579-2011; quan, weili/B-7254-2011; Kaczmarek, Krzysztof/H-5741-2012 OI Zhang, Qirui/0000-0002-2749-9740; FU US Department of Agriculture-NIFA [2011-67013-30199]; US-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund [IS-4205-09C] FX We acknowledge the able technical assistance of Allison Strey and Nan Pryor (US Department of Agriculture), and we appreciate thoughtful comments on the manuscript provided by Professors Frank M. Horodyski (Ohio University) and Arnold de Loof (University of Leuven). This project was supported by US Department of Agriculture-NIFA Grant 2011-67013-30199 (to Q.Z., R.J.N., and D. L. D.) and Grant IS-4205-09C from the US-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (to R.J.N, K. K., and J.Z.). NR 22 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 22 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 11 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 41 BP 16922 EP 16926 DI 10.1073/pnas.1113863108 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 834PD UT WOS:000295973800017 PM 21940497 ER PT J AU Lange, BM Mahmoud, SS Wildung, MR Turner, GW Davis, EM Lange, I Baker, RC Boydston, RA Croteau, RB AF Lange, Bernd Markus Mahmoud, Soheil Seyed Wildung, Mark R. Turner, Glenn W. Davis, Edward M. Lange, Iris Baker, Raymond C. Boydston, Rick A. Croteau, Rodney B. TI Improving peppermint essential oil yield and composition by metabolic engineering SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase; 2C-methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway; monoterpene; terpenoid ID MENTHA-PIPERITA L; MEVALONATE-INDEPENDENT PATHWAY; GLANDULAR TRICHOMES; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; CDNA ISOLATION; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; MONOTERPENE BIOSYNTHESIS; ISOPRENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; MENTHOFURAN SYNTHASE; 4S-LIMONENE SYNTHASE AB Peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) was transformed with various gene constructs to evaluate the utility of metabolic engineering for improving essential oil yield and composition. Oil yield increases were achieved by overexpressing genes involved in the supply of precursors through the 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. Two-gene combinations to enhance both oil yield and composition in a single transgenic line were assessed as well. The most promising results were obtained by transforming plants expressing an antisense version of (+)-menthofuran synthase, which is critical for adjusting the levels of specific undesirable oil constituents, with a construct for the overexpression of the MEP pathway gene 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (up to 61% oil yield increase over wild-type controls with low levels of the undesirable side-product (+)-menthofuran and its intermediate (+)-pulegone). Elite transgenic lines were advanced to multi-year field trials, which demonstrated consistent oil yield increases of up to 78% over wild-type controls and desirable effects on oil composition under commercial growth conditions. The transgenic expression of a gene encoding (+)-limonene synthase was used to accumulate elevated levels of (+)-limonene, which allows oil derived from transgenic plants to be recognized during the processing of commercial formulations containing peppermint oil. Our study illustrates the utility of metabolic engineering for the sustainable agricultural production of high quality essential oils at a competitive cost. C1 [Lange, Bernd Markus; Mahmoud, Soheil Seyed; Wildung, Mark R.; Turner, Glenn W.; Davis, Edward M.; Lange, Iris; Croteau, Rodney B.] Washington State Univ, Inst Biol Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Lange, Bernd Markus] Washington State Univ, MJ Murdock Metabol Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Baker, Raymond C.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Boydston, Rick A.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Lange, BM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Inst Biol Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM lange-m@wsu.edu; croteau@wsu.edu FU Mint Industry Research Council; US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-09ER16054] FX We would like to thank Julia Gothard-Szamosfalvi and Sue Vogtman for growing plants and Darlene Croteau, Dr. Kumkum Rani, Lyuba Yurgel, and Blake Herron for technical assistance. We would also like to thank Dr. R. E. B. Ketchum for providing the pREBKs vector. Financial support from the Mint Industry Research Council (grants to B. M. L. and R. B. C.), and the US Department of Energy (DE-FG02-09ER16054 to B. M. L.) is greatly appreciated. NR 50 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 42 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 11 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 41 BP 16944 EP 16949 DI 10.1073/pnas.1111558108 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 834PD UT WOS:000295973800021 PM 21963983 ER PT J AU Chaudhari, SS Arakane, Y Specht, CA Moussian, B Boyle, DL Park, Y Kramer, KJ Beeman, RW Muthukrishnan, S AF Chaudhari, Sujata S. Arakane, Yasuyuki Specht, Charles A. Moussian, Bernard Boyle, Daniel L. Park, Yoonseong Kramer, Karl J. Beeman, Richard W. Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam TI Knickkopf protein protects and organizes chitin in the newly synthesized insect exoskeleton SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE RNAi; nikkomycin; phylogenetic tree; transmission electron microscopy; chitin synthase ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; CUTICLE FORMATION; GENE AB During each molting cycle of insect development, synthesis of new cuticle occurs concurrently with the partial degradation of the overlying old exoskeleton. Protection of the newly synthesized cuticle from molting fluid enzymes has long been attributed to the presence of an impermeable envelope layer that was thought to serve as a physical barrier, preventing molting fluid enzymes from accessing the new cuticle and thereby ensuring selective degradation of only the old one. In this study, using the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, as a model insect species, we show that an entirely different and unexpected mechanism accounts for the selective action of chitinases and possibly other molting enzymes. The molting fluid enzyme chitinase, which degrades the matrix polysaccharide chitin, is not excluded from the newly synthesized cuticle as previously assumed. Instead, the new cuticle is protected from chitinase action by the T. castaneum Knickkopf (TcKnk) protein. TcKnk colocalizes with chitin in the new cuticle and organizes it into laminae. Down-regulation of TcKnk results in chitinase-dependent loss of chitin, severe molting defects, and lethality at all developmental stages. The conservation of Knickkopf across insect, crustacean, and nematode taxa suggests that its critical roles in the laminar ordering and protection of exoskeletal chitin may be common to all chitinous invertebrates. C1 [Arakane, Yasuyuki] Chonnam Natl Univ, Div Plant Biotechnol, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Chaudhari, Sujata S.; Kramer, Karl J.; Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Specht, Charles A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Med, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. [Moussian, Bernard] Univ Tubingen, Interfac Inst Cell Biol, Dept Anim Genet, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. [Boyle, Daniel L.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Park, Yoonseong] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Kramer, Karl J.; Beeman, Richard W.] ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Arakane, Y (reprint author), Chonnam Natl Univ, Div Plant Biotechnol, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. EM arakane@chonnam.ac.kr; smk@ksu.edu RI Park, Yoonseong/J-5861-2013; OI Park, Yoonseong/0000-0003-1191-7335; Moussian, Bernard/0000-0002-2854-9500 FU Kansas State University; National Institutes of Health [P20-RR017686]; National Science Foundation [IOS-1022227, DFG MO1714/2-1] FX We thank Drs. Judith Willis, Hans Merzendorfer, and Vinai Chittezham Thomas for critical reading and editing of this manuscript. We thank Joel Sanneman and Dr. Philine Wangemann for the training and use of the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) Confocal Microfluorometry and Microscopy Core Facility that is supported by Kansas State University and National Institutes of Health Grant P20-RR017686. This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant IOS-1022227 and Grant DFG MO1714/2-1 (to B. M.). This is contribution 11-366-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 19 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 19 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 11 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 41 BP 17028 EP 17033 DI 10.1073/pnas.1112288108 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 834PD UT WOS:000295973800035 PM 21930896 ER PT J AU Brand, MT Carter, MQ Parker, CT Chapman, MR Huynh, S Zhou, YG AF Brand, Maria T. Carter, Michelle Q. Parker, Craig T. Chapman, Matthew R. Huynh, Steven Zhou, Yaguang TI Salmonella Biofilm Formation on Aspergillus niger Involves Cellulose - Chitin Interactions SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; ENTERICA SEROVAR THOMPSON; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; CURLI FIBERS; TYPHIMURIUM; BACTERIA; EXPRESSION; FAMILY; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Salmonella cycles between host and nonhost environments, where it can become an active member of complex microbial communities. The role of fungi in the environmental adaptation of enteric pathogens remains relatively unexplored. We have discovered that S. enterica Typhimurium rapidly attaches to and forms biofilms on the hyphae of the common fungus, Aspergillus niger. Several Salmonella enterica serovars displayed a similar interaction, whereas other bacterial species were unable to bind to the fungus. Bacterial attachment to chitin, a major constituent of fungal cell walls, mirrored this specificity. Pre-incubation of S. Typhimurium with N-acetylglucosamine, the monomeric component of chitin, reduced binding to chitin beads by as much as 727-fold and inhibited attachment to A. niger hyphae considerably. A cellulose-deficient mutant of S. Typhimurium failed to attach to chitin beads and to the fungus. Complementation of this mutant with the cellulose operon restored binding to chitin beads to 79% of that of the parental strain and allowed for attachment and biofilm formation on A. niger, indicating that cellulose is involved in bacterial attachment to the fungus via the chitin component of its cell wall. In contrast to cellulose, S. Typhimurium curli fimbriae were not required for attachment and biofilm development on the hyphae but were critical for its stability. Our results suggest that cellulose-chitin interactions are required for the production of mixed Salmonella-A. niger biofilms, and support the hypothesis that encounters with chitinaceous alternate hosts may contribute to the ecological success of human pathogens. C1 [Brand, Maria T.; Carter, Michelle Q.; Parker, Craig T.; Huynh, Steven; Zhou, Yaguang] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Albany, CA USA. [Chapman, Matthew R.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Brand, MT (reprint author), ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Albany, CA USA. EM maria.brandl@ars.usda.gov FU USDA National Research Initiative [2002-51110-01986]; USDA Agricultural Research Service [5325-42000-044-00D, 5325-42000-045-00D] FX This work was funded by USDA National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2002-51110-01986 and by USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS projects 5325-42000-044-00D and 5325-42000-045-00D. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 20 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 7 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 10 AR e25553 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0025553 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 834OC UT WOS:000295970300020 PM 22003399 ER PT J AU Gilbert, LB Kasuga, T Glass, NL Taylor, JW AF Gilbert, Luz B. Kasuga, Takao Glass, N. Louise Taylor, John W. TI Array CGH Phylogeny: How accurate are Comparative Genomic Hybridization-based trees? SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; GENETIC DIVERSITY; DNA MICROARRAYS; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; SPECIES RECOGNITION; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; MODEL EUKARYOTE; SACCHAROMYCES; EXPRESSION; REVEALS AB Background: Array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) data have been used to infer phylogenetic relationships. However, the reliability of array CGH analysis to determine evolutionary relationships has not been well established. In most CGH work, all species and strains are compared to a single reference species, whose genome was used to design the array. In the accompanying work, we critically evaluated CGH-based phylogeny using simulated competitive hybridization data. This work showed that a limited number of conditions, principally the tree topology and placement of the reference taxon in the tree, had a strong effect on the ability to recover the correct tree topology. Here, we add to our simulation study by testing the use of CGH as a phylogenetic tool with experimental CGH data from competitive hybridizations between N. crassa and other Neurospora species. In the discussion, we add to our empirical study of Neurospora by reanalyzing of data from a previous CGH phylogenetic analysis of the yeast sensu stricto complex. Results: Array ratio data for Neurospora and related species were normalized with loess, robust spline, and linear ratio based methods, and then used to construct Neighbor-Joining and parsimony trees. These trees were compared to published phylogenetic analyses for Neurospora based on multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA). For the Neurospora dataset, the best combination of methods resulted in recovery of the MLSA tree topology less than half the time. Our reanalysis of a yeast dataset found that trees identical to established phylogeny were recovered only by pruning taxa - including the reference taxon - from the analysis. Conclusion: Our results indicate that CGH data can be problematic for phylogenetic analysis. Success fluctuates based on the methods utilized to construct the tree and the taxa included. Selective pruning of the taxa improves the results - an impractical approach for normal phylogenetic analysis. From the more successful methods we make suggestions on the normalization and post-normalization methods that work best in estimating genetic distance between taxa. C1 [Gilbert, Luz B.] UMR CNRS Univ Paul Sabatier 5546, Lab Rech Sci Vegetales, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. [Kasuga, Takao] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Glass, N. Louise; Taylor, John W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gilbert, LB (reprint author), UMR CNRS Univ Paul Sabatier 5546, Lab Rech Sci Vegetales, Chemin Borde Rouge, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. EM gilbert@lrsv.ups-tlse.fr FU Ford Pre-Doctoral and Dissertation Year Fellowships; NIH [GM068087, RO1 AI070891]; NSF [DEB -0516511] FX Thanks to Michael B. Eisen and Sandrine Dudoit for statistical advice. Thanks to Tom Sharpton and Jason Staich for scripting advice. Thanks to H. Matthew Fourcade for technical assistance. Special thanks to Tracy K. Powell for editorial assistance. Funding for LBG provided by the Ford Pre-Doctoral and Dissertation Year Fellowships. Funding for TK was provided by NIH Program Project Grant GM068087 to N. Louise Glass, PMB, UC Berkeley. The research was supported by NSF DEB -0516511 and NIH RO1 AI070891 to JWT. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD OCT 6 PY 2011 VL 12 AR 487 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-12-487 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 842SS UT WOS:000296621100001 PM 21978207 ER PT J AU Liu, CS Li, Y Gao, W Shi, RH Bai, KX AF Liu, Chaoshun Li, Yun Gao, Wei Shi, Runhe Bai, Kaixu TI Retrieval of columnar water vapor using multispectral radiometer measurements over northern China SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer; columnar water vapor; retrieval, moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer; AErosol RObotic NETwork ID BAND; ABUNDANCE AB Water vapor is an important component in hydrological processes that basically involve all types of seasons, including dry (e.g., drought) or wet (e.g., hurricane or monsoon). This study retrieved columnar water vapor (CWV) with the 939.3 nm band of a multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer (MFRSR) using the modified Langley technique. Such an investigation was in concert with the use of the atmospheric transmission model MODTRAN for determining the instrument coefficients required for CWV estimation. Results of the retrieval of CWV by MFRSR from September 23, 2004 to June 20, 2005 at the XiangHe site are presented and analyzed in this paper. To improve the credibility, the MFRSR results were compared with those obtained from the AErosol RObotic NETwork CIMEL sun-photometer measurements, co-located at the XiangHe site, and the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) near-infrared total precipitable water product (MOD05), respectively. These comparisons show good agreement in terms of correlation coefficients, slopes, and offsets, revealing that the accuracy of CWV estimation using the MFRSR instrument is reliable and suitable for extended studies in northern China. (C) 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI:10.1117/1.3647483] C1 [Liu, Chaoshun; Gao, Wei; Shi, Runhe; Bai, Kaixu] E China Normal Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geog Informat Sci, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Liu, Chaoshun; Gao, Wei; Shi, Runhe; Bai, Kaixu] CAS, Joint Lab Environm Remote Sensing & Data Assimila, ECNU & CEODE, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Li, Yun] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Gao, Wei] Colorado State Univ, USDA UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Gao, Wei] Ctr Remote Sensing & Modeling Agr Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Liu, CS (reprint author), E China Normal Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geog Informat Sci, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. EM csliu@re.ecnu.edu.cn RI Gao, Wei/O-1208-2013; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 FU National Basic Research Program of China (973) [2010CB951603]; Shanghai Science and Technology Support Program-Special for EXPO [10DZ0581600]; Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education [20100076120024]; East China Normal University; USDA NIFA [2010-34263-21075] FX This work was partly supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973) under Grant No. 2010CB951603, Shanghai Science and Technology Support Program-Special for EXPO (Grant No. 10DZ0581600), the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20100076120024), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (East China Normal University), and USDA NIFA project (2010-34263-21075). We thank the staffs for establishing and maintaining the XiangHe site used in this investigation. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD OCT 6 PY 2011 VL 5 AR 053558 DI 10.1117/1.3647483 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 841ZB UT WOS:000296552600001 ER PT J AU Abbas, MA Spackman, E Fouchier, R Smith, D Ahmed, Z Siddique, N Sarmento, L Naeem, K McKinley, ET Hameed, A Rehmani, S Swayne, DE AF Abbas, Muhammad Athar Spackman, Erica Fouchier, Ron Smith, Derek Ahmed, Zaheer Siddique, Naila Sarmento, Luciana Naeem, Khalid McKinley, Enid T. Hameed, Abdul Rehmani, Shafqat Swayne, David E. TI H7 avian influenza virus vaccines protect chickens against challenge with antigenically diverse isolates SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Antigenic cartography; Avian influenza virus; H7; Poultry; Vaccination ID PAKISTAN; POULTRY; HEMAGGLUTININ; PCR AB \ Vaccination has been a critical tool in the control of some avian influenza viruses (AIV) and has been used routinely in Pakistan to help control sporadic outbreaks of highly pathogenic (HP) H7 AIV since 1995. During that time, several AIV isolates were utilized as inactivated vaccines with varying degrees of success. In order to evaluate which H7 AIV strains may serve as optimal vaccines for diverse H7 AIVs from Pakistan we conducted vaccination-challenge studies with five H7 vaccines against challenge with two HPAIVs: A/chicken/Murree/NARC-1/1995 H7N3 and A/chicken/Karachi/SPVC-4/2004 H7N3. To further characterize the isolates antigenic cartography was used to visually demonstrate the antigenic relationships among the isolates. All vaccines provided similar protection against mortality, morbidity and shedding of challenge virus from the respiratory tract. However, some minor (not statistically significant) differences were observed and correlated with antibody levels induced by the vaccine prior to challenge. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Spackman, Erica; Sarmento, Luciana; McKinley, Enid T.; Swayne, David E.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Abbas, Muhammad Athar; Ahmed, Zaheer; Siddique, Naila; Naeem, Khalid] NARC, Natl Reference Lab Poultry Dis, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan. [Fouchier, Ron; Smith, Derek] Erasmus MC, Dept Virol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Abbas, Muhammad Athar; Hameed, Abdul] Quaid I Azam Univ, Dept Microbiol & Biotechnol, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan. [Smith, Derek] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Smith, Derek] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Rehmani, Shafqat] Sindh Poultry Vaccine Ctr, Karachi, Pakistan. [Rehmani, Shafqat] Univ Vet & Anim Sci Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan. RP Spackman, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Erica.spackman@ars.usda.gov RI hameed, Abdul/F-5145-2015; Fouchier, Ron/A-1911-2014 OI Fouchier, Ron/0000-0001-8095-2869 FU FAO [OSRO/RAS/703]; NIH [DP1-0D000490-01]; NIAID/NIH [HHSN266200700010C]; European Union [223498 EMPERIE]; United States Department of State Biosecurity Engagement FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Joan Beck, Scott Lee, Kira Moresco and James Doster for technical assistance with this work. Funding was partly provided by the United States Department of State Biosecurity Engagement Program through a Memorandum of Agreement with the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service and by the FAO grant OSRO/RAS/703. DJS was supported by an NIH Director's Pioneer Award DP1-0D000490-01, RF by NIAID/NIH contract HHSN266200700010C and both DJS and RF by FP7 grant 223498 EMPERIE from the European Union. NR 17 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT 6 PY 2011 VL 29 IS 43 BP 7424 EP 7429 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.064 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 838SC UT WOS:000296311500018 PM 21803098 ER PT J AU Bradford, SA Torkzaban, S Simunek, J AF Bradford, Scott A. Torkzaban, Saeed Simunek, Jiri TI Modeling colloid transport and retention in saturated porous media under unfavorable attachment conditions SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DEEP-BED FILTRATION; DEPOSITION RATE COEFFICIENTS; MICROMETER-SCALE PARTICLES; SECONDARY ENERGY MINIMUM; TO-GRAIN CONTACTS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYSTS; MICROSPHERE DEPOSITION; BACTERIAL TRANSPORT; SOLUTION CHEMISTRY; PATCHY SURFACES AB A mathematical model is presented for colloid transport and retention in saturated porous media under unfavorable attachment conditions. The model accounts for colloid transport in the bulk aqueous phase and adjacent to the solid surface, and rates of colloid collision, interaction, release, and immobilization on the solid phase. Model parameters were estimated using (1) filtration theory; (2) calculated interaction energies in conjunction with the Maxwellian kinetic energy model of diffusion; (3) information about the velocity magnitude and distribution adjacent to the solid phase that was obtained from pore scale water flow simulations; (4) colloid and collector sizes; (5) the balance of applied hydrodynamic and resisting adhesive torques; and (6) time dependent filling of retention locations using a Langmuirian approach. The presented theory constrains the model parameters and output to physically realistic values in many instances, and minimizes the need for parameter optimization. Example simulations demonstrate that our modeling formulation is qualitatively consistent with observed trends for retention with colloid size and concentration, grain size, and velocity for many systems. The model provides a clear conceptual explanation for the causes of hyperexponential, exponential, uniform, and nonmonotonic retention profiles without invoking hypotheses with regard to colloid heterogeneity, aggregation, or multiple deposition rates. Furthermore, the model formulation and research presented herein helps to identify areas where additional research and theory development are still needed. C1 [Bradford, Scott A.] ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Torkzaban, Saeed; Simunek, Jiri] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Scott.Bradford@ars.usda.gov RI Torkzaban, Saeed/G-7377-2013 OI Torkzaban, Saeed/0000-0002-5146-9461 FU USDA-ARS [NP 214] FX This research was supported by the Agricultural and Industrial Byproducts project (NP 214) of the USDA-ARS. Mention of trade names and company names in this manuscript does not imply any endorsement or preferential treatment by the USDA. NR 84 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 54 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT 6 PY 2011 VL 47 AR W10503 DI 10.1029/2011WR010812 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 832LL UT WOS:000295806400001 ER PT J AU Smilowitz, JT Wiest, MM Teegarden, D Zemel, MB German, JB Van Loan, MD AF Smilowitz, Jennifer T. Wiest, Michelle M. Teegarden, Dorothy Zemel, Michael B. German, J. Bruce Van Loan, Marta D. TI Dietary fat and not calcium supplementation or dairy product consumption is associated with changes in anthropometrics during a randomized, placebo-controlled energy-restriction trial SO NUTRITION & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID ADIPOSE-TISSUE; ACID-COMPOSITION; BODY-COMPOSITION; WEIGHT-LOSS; METABOLIC SYNDROME; LINOLEIC-ACID; FOOD-INTAKE; OBESITY; ADULTS; HUMANS AB Insufficient calcium intake has been proposed to cause unbalanced energy partitioning leading to obesity. However, weight loss interventions including dietary calcium or dairy product consumption have not reported changes in lipid metabolism measured by the plasma lipidome. Methods: The objective of this study was to determine the relationships between dairy product or supplemental calcium intake with changes in the plasma lipidome and body composition during energy restriction. A secondary objective of this study was to explore the relationships among calculated macronutrient composition of the energy restricted diet to changes in the plasma lipidome, and body composition during energy restriction. Overweight adults (n = 61) were randomized into one of three intervention groups including a deficit of 500kcal/d: 1) placebo; 2) 900 mg/d calcium supplement; and 3) 3-4 servings of dairy products/d plus a placebo supplement. Plasma fatty acid methyl esters of cholesterol ester, diacylglycerol, free fatty acids, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and triacylglycerol were quantified by capillary gas chromatography. Results: After adjustments for energy and protein (g/d) intake, there was no significant effect of treatment on changes in weight, waist circumference or body composition. Plasma lipidome did not differ among dietary treatment groups. Stepwise regression identified correlations between reported intake of monounsaturated fat (% of energy) and changes in % lean mass (r = -0.44, P < 0.01) and % body fat (r = 0.48, P < 0.001). Polyunsaturated fat intake was associated with the % change in waist circumference (r = 0.44, P < 0.01). Dietary saturated fat was not associated with any changes in anthropometrics or the plasma lipidome. Conclusions: Dairy product consumption or calcium supplementation during energy restriction over the course of 12 weeks did not affect plasma lipids. Independent of calcium and dairy product consumption, short-term energy restriction altered body composition. Reported dietary fat composition of energy restricted diets was associated with the degree of change in body composition in these overweight and obese individuals. C1 [Van Loan, Marta D.] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Smilowitz, Jennifer T.; German, J. Bruce] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Smilowitz, Jennifer T.; German, J. Bruce] Univ Calif Davis, Foods Hlth Inst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wiest, Michelle M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Stat, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Teegarden, Dorothy] Purdue Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Zemel, Michael B.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Nutr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Van Loan, MD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Marta.VanLoan@ars.usda.gov RI Biguzzi, Felipe/E-4724-2015 FU Dairy Management, Inc.; USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center FX Dairy Management, Inc. and the USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 15 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-7075 J9 NUTR METAB JI Nutr. Metab. PD OCT 5 PY 2011 VL 8 AR 67 DI 10.1186/1743-7075-8-67 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 844AD UT WOS:000296718500001 PM 21970320 ER PT J AU Jakubowski, AR Casler, MD Jackson, RD AF Jakubowski, Andrew R. Casler, Michael D. Jackson, Randall D. TI Has Selection for Improved Agronomic Traits Made Reed Canarygrass Invasive? SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GRASS PHALARIS-ARUNDINACEA; ECONOMIC COSTS; UNITED-STATES; WATER-DEPTH; NITRATE-N; PLANTS; ESTABLISHMENT; BIOENERGY; BIOFUELS; PROGRESS AB Plant breeders have played an essential role in improving agricultural crops, and their efforts will be critical to meet the increasing demand for cellulosic bioenergy feedstocks. However, a major concern is the potential development of novel invasive species that result from breeders' efforts to improve agronomic traits in a crop. We use reed canarygrass as a case study to evaluate the potential of plant breeding to give rise to invasive species. Reed canarygrass has been improved by breeders for use as a forage crop, but it is unclear whether breeding efforts have given rise to more vigorous populations of the species. We evaluated cultivars, European wild, and North American invader populations in upland and wetland environments to identify differences in vigor between the groups of populations. While cultivars were among the most vigorous populations in an agricultural environment (upland soils with nitrogen addition), there were no differences in above-or below-ground production between any populations in wetland environments. These results suggest that breeding has only marginally increased vigor in upland environments and that these gains are not maintained in wetland environments. Breeding focuses on selection for improvements of a specific target population of environments, and stability across a wide range of environments has proved elusive for even the most intensively bred crops. We conclude that breeding efforts are not responsible for wetland invasion by reed canarygrass and offer guidelines that will help reduce the possibility of breeding programs releasing cultivars that will become invasive. C1 [Jakubowski, Andrew R.; Jackson, Randall D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Casler, Michael D.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Casler, Michael D.; Jackson, Randall D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Dept Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Jakubowski, AR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Jakubowski@wisc.edu FU Grazing Lands Conservation Initiative [941-3]; United States Department of Energy-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science) [BER DE-FC02-07ER64494] FX This work was funded in part by Grazing Lands Conservation Initiative grant 941-3 and by the United States Department of Energy-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science BER DE-FC02-07ER64494). No additional external funding was received for this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 63 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 20 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 3 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 10 AR e25757 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0025757 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 834EU UT WOS:000295943000066 PM 21991347 ER PT J AU Lippolis, JD Reinhardt, TA Sacco, RA Nonnecke, BJ Nelson, CD AF Lippolis, John D. Reinhardt, Timothy A. Sacco, Randy A. Nonnecke, Brian J. Nelson, Corwin D. TI Treatment of an Intramammary Bacterial Infection with 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-3 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; INNATE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; VITAMIN-D; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; MONOCYTES; 1-ALPHA,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3; PROLIFERATION; SARCOIDOSIS AB Deficiency of serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 has been correlated with increased risk of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and influenza. A plausible reason for this association is that expression of genes encoding important antimicrobial proteins depends on concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 produced by activated immune cells at sites of infection, and that synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 is dependent on the availability of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3. Thus, increasing the availability of 25(OH) D-3 for immune cell synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 at sites of infection has been hypothesized to aid in clearance of the infection. This report details the treatment of an acute intramammary infection with infusion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 to the site of infection. Ten lactating cows were infected with in one quarter of their mammary glands. Half of the animals were treated intramammary with 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3. The 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 treated animal showed significantly lower bacterial counts in milk and showed reduced symptomatic affects of the mastitis. It is significant that treatment with 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 reduced the severity of an acute bacterial infection. This finding suggested a significant non-antibiotic complimentary role for 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 in the treatment of infections in compartments naturally low in 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 such as the mammary gland and by extension, possibly upper respiratory tract infections. C1 [Lippolis, John D.; Reinhardt, Timothy A.; Sacco, Randy A.; Nonnecke, Brian J.] ARS, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Nelson, Corwin D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Lippolis, JD (reprint author), ARS, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM john.lippolis@ars.usda.gov RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009; OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509; Nelson, Corwin/0000-0003-0195-5610 FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) FX United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) was the sole funder for this research. USDA determines the research priorities of all research that it funds. Publication of research is subject to review of USDA officials. Specific study design, data collection, data analysis, and preparation of the manuscript is under the control of the individual researchers. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 3 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 10 AR e25479 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0025479 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 834EU UT WOS:000295943000032 PM 21991312 ER PT J AU Yang, YL Zhu, YC Ottea, J Husseneder, C Leonard, BR Abel, C Luttrell, R Huang, FN AF Yang, Yunlong Zhu, Yu Cheng Ottea, James Husseneder, Claudia Leonard, B. Rogers Abel, Craig Luttrell, Randall Huang, Fangneng TI Down Regulation of a Gene for Cadherin, but Not Alkaline Phosphatase, Associated with Cry1Ab Resistance in the Sugarcane Borer Diatraea saccharalis SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MIDGUT AMINOPEPTIDASE N; EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; TOXIN-BINDING; RNA INTERFERENCE; BOMBYX-MORI; FIELD-RESISTANCE; RECEPTOR AB The sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis, is a major target pest of transgenic corn expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins (i.e., Cry1Ab) in South America and the mid-southern region of the United States. Evolution of insecticide resistance in such target pests is a major threat to the durability of transgenic Bt crops. Understanding the pests' resistance mechanisms will facilitate development of effective strategies for delaying or countering resistance. Alterations in expression of cadherin-and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) have been associated with Bt resistance in several species of pest insects. In this study, neither the activity nor gene regulation of ALP was associated with Cry1Ab resistance in D. saccharalis. Total ALP enzymatic activity was similar between Cry1Ab-susceptible (Cry1Ab-SS) and -resistant (Cry1Ab-RR) strains of D. saccharalis. In addition, expression levels of three ALP genes were also similar between Cry1Ab-SS and -RR, and cDNA sequences did not differ between susceptible and resistant larvae. In contrast, altered expression of a midgut cadherin (DsCAD1) was associated with the Cry1Ab resistance. Whereas cDNA sequences of DsCAD1 were identical between the two strains, the transcript abundance of DsCAD1 was significantly lower in Cry1Ab-RR. To verify the involvement of DsCAD1 in susceptibility to Cry1Ab, RNA interference (RNAi) was employed to knock-down DsCAD1 expression in the susceptible larvae. Down-regulation of DsCAD1 expression by RNAi was functionally correlated with a decrease in Cry1Ab susceptibility. These results suggest that down-regulation of DsCAD1 is associated with resistance to Cry1Ab in D. saccharalis. C1 [Yang, Yunlong; Ottea, James; Husseneder, Claudia; Leonard, B. Rogers; Huang, Fangneng] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Zhu, Yu Cheng; Abel, Craig; Luttrell, Randall] ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS USA. [Abel, Craig] ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Yang, YL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM yc.zhu@ars.usda.gov FU Board of Regents of the State of Louisiana, United States of America [LEQSF 2006-09-RD-A-0] FX This work was supported by the Board of Regents of the State of Louisiana, United States of America, under contract no. LEQSF 2006-09-RD-A-0. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 51 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 20 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 3 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 10 AR e25783 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0025783 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 834EU UT WOS:000295943000068 PM 21991350 ER PT J AU Alvarez, CL Somma, S Proctor, RH Stea, G Mule, G Logrieco, AF Pinto, VF Moretti, A AF Lilia Alvarez, Cora Somma, Stefania Proctor, Robert H. Stea, Gaetano Mule, Giuseppina Logrieco, Antonio F. Fernandez Pinto, Virginia Moretti, Antonio TI Genetic Diversity in Fusarium graminearum from a Major Wheat-Producing Region of Argentina SO TOXINS LA English DT Article DE Fusarium Head Blight; AFLP; translation elongation factor 1-alpha; beta-tubulin; deoxynivalenol; 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol; 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol ID HEAD BLIGHT PATHOGEN; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; MYCOTOXIN CHEMOTYPES; SPECIES COMPLEX; F-ASIATICUM; POPULATIONS; NIVALENOL; STRAINS; EUROPE; CLADE AB The Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) is a group of mycotoxigenic fungi that are the primary cause of Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat worldwide. The distribution, frequency of occurrence, and genetic diversity of FGSC species in cereal crops in South America is not well understood compared to some regions of Asia, Europe and North America. Therefore, we examined the frequency and genetic diversity of a collection of 183 FGSC isolates recovered from wheat grown during multiple growing seasons and across a large area of eastern Argentina, a major wheat producing region in South America. Sequence analysis of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha and beta-tubulin genes as well as Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) analyses indicated that all isolates were the FGSC species F. graminearum sensu stricto. AFLP analysis resolved at least 11 subgroups, and all the isolates represented different AFLP haplotypes. AFLP profile and geographic origin were not correlated. Previously obtained trichothecene production profiles of the isolates revealed that the 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol chemotype was slightly more frequent than the 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol chemotype among the isolates. These data extend the current understanding of FGSC diversity and provide further evidence that F. graminearum sensu stricto is the predominant cause of FHB in the temperate main wheat-growing area of Argentina. Moreover, two isolates of F. crookwellense and four of F. pseudograminearum were also recovered from wheat samples and sequenced. The results also suggest that, although F. graminearum sensu stricto was the only FGSC species recovered in this study, the high level of genetic diversity within this species should be considered in plant breeding efforts and development of other disease management strategies aimed at reducing FHB. C1 [Somma, Stefania; Stea, Gaetano; Mule, Giuseppina; Logrieco, Antonio F.; Moretti, Antonio] CNR, Inst Sci Food Prod, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Lilia Alvarez, Cora; Fernandez Pinto, Virginia] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Biodiversidad & Biol Expt, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Proctor, Robert H.] USDA, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogen & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, ARS, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Moretti, A (reprint author), CNR, Inst Sci Food Prod, Via Amendola 122-0, I-70126 Bari, Italy. EM cora@bg.fcen.uba.ar; stefania.somma@ispa.cnr.it; robert.proctor@ars.usda.gov; gaetano.stea@ispa.cnr.it; giuseppina.mule@ispa.cnr.it; antonio.logrieco@ispa.cnr.it; virginia@qo.fcen.uba.ar; antonio.moretti@ispa.cnr.it RI Mule, Giuseppina/B-6478-2015; OI Mule, Giuseppina/0000-0002-9094-1888; Moretti, Antonio/0000-0002-5232-6972; Logrieco, Antonio Francesco/0000-0002-8606-451X FU Instituto Italo-LatinoAmericano FX We thank Vincenzo Ricci for its valuable technical assistance. We thank Instituto Italo-LatinoAmericano for supporting Cora L Alvarez studies at ISPA-CNR, Bari, Italy. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 13 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6651 J9 TOXINS JI Toxins PD OCT PY 2011 VL 3 IS 10 BP 1294 EP 1309 DI 10.3390/toxins3101294 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 995AY UT WOS:000307979600005 PM 22069697 ER PT J AU Fennimore, SA Ajwa, HA AF Fennimore, Steven A. Ajwa, Husein A. TI Totally impermeable film retains fumigants, allowing lower application rates in strawberry SO CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID METHYL-BROMIDE; PLASTIC FILMS; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; CHLOROPICRIN; NUTSEDGE AB The California strawberry industry is highly dependent on soil fumigation to control soil pests and maintain high productivity. Plastic films are used to hold fumigants in the soil at the doses needed to control pests and to prevent the loss of fumigant. Totally impermeable film (TIF) was compared to standard film (STD) for the retention of soil fumigants. 1,3-dichloropropene plus chloropicrin concentrations under TIF were 46% to 54% higher than under standard film, and higher fumigant concentrations under TIF were correlated with higher strawberry fruit yields and better weed control. The results suggest that to achieve fruit yield and weed control similar to methyl bromide and chloropicrin, 33% less 1,3-dichloropropene plus chloropicrin is needed under TIF than standard films. C1 [Fennimore, Steven A.; Ajwa, Husein A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Fennimore, Steven A.; Ajwa, Husein A.] ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Fennimore, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. FU Kuraray Americas; Mitsui Plastics FX We are grateful for the financial support of Kuraray Americas and Mitsui Plastics for this project. We thank TriCal and Raven Industries for land, material and technical support; Jonathan Hunzie for making the fumigant applications; and J. Ben Weber for monitoring weed densities. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA, OAKLAND, DIVISION AGRICULTURE & NATURAL RESOURCES PI RICHMOND PA 1301 S 46 ST, RICHMOND, CA 94804 USA SN 0008-0845 J9 CALIF AGR JI Calif. Agric. PD OCT-DEC PY 2011 VL 65 IS 4 BP 211 EP 215 DI 10.3733/ca.E.v065n04p211 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 835YH UT WOS:000296072500015 ER PT J AU Andersen, HE Strunk, J Temesgen, H AF Andersen, Hans-Erik Strunk, Jacob Temesgen, Hailemariam TI Using Airborne Light Detection and Ranging as a Sampling Tool for Estimating Forest Biomass Resources in the Upper Tanana Valley of Interior Alaska SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE LiDAR; biomass; forest inventory; sampling ID STAND CHARACTERISTICS; LIDAR AB Airborne laser scanning, collected in a sampling mode, has the potential to be a valuable tool for estimating the biomass resources available to support bioenergy production in rural communities of interior Alaska. In this study, we present a methodology for estimating forest biomass over a 201,226-ha area (of which 163,913 ha are forested) in the upper Tanana valley of interior Alaska using a combination of 79 field plots and high-density airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) collected in a sampling mode along 27 single strips (swaths) spaced approximately 2.5 km apart. A model-based approach to estimating total aboveground biomass for the area is presented. Although a design-based sampling approach (based on a probability sample of field plots) would allow for stronger inference, a model-based approach is justified when the cost of obtaining a probability sample is prohibitive. Using a simulation-based approach, the proportion of the variability associated with sampling error and modeling error was assessed. Results indicate that LiDAR sampling can be used to obtain estimates of total biomass with an acceptable level of precision (8.1 +/- 0.7 [8%] teragrams [total +/- SD]), with sampling error accounting for 58% of the SD of the bootstrap distribution. In addition, we investigated the influence of plot location (i.e., GPS) error, plot size, and field-measured diameter threshold on the variability of the total biomass estimate. We found that using a larger plot (1/30 ha versus 1/59 ha) and a lower diameter threshold (7.6 versus 12.5 cm) significantly reduced the SD of the bootstrap distribution (by approximately 20%), whereas larger plot location error (over a range from 0 to 20 m root mean square error) steadily increased variability at both plot sizes. C1 [Andersen, Hans-Erik] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Strunk, Jacob; Temesgen, Hailemariam] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Lorvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Andersen, HE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM handersen@fs.fed.us NR 25 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 26 IS 4 BP 157 EP 164 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 910QB UT WOS:000301653300001 ER PT J AU Han, HS Bilek, EM Dramm, J Loeffler, D Calkin, D AF Han, Han-Sup Bilek, E. M. (Ted) Dramm, John (Rusty) Loeffler, Dan Calkin, Dave TI Financial Feasibility of a Log Sort Yard Handling Small-Diameter Logs: A Preliminary Study SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE small wood utilization; value recovery; fuel reduction thinning; wood marketing AB The value and use of the trees removed in fuel reduction thinning and restoration treatments could be enhanced if the wood were effectively evaluated and sorted for quality and highest value before delivery to the next manufacturing destination. This article summarizes a preliminary financial feasibility analysis of a log sort yard that would serve as a log market to buy and sell small-diameter logs in western Montana. We based our evaluations on equipment for a medium-sized log sort yard that would preprocess and sort 33 million board feet of small-diameter logs per year to seven different products. The delivered log input costs represent 78.1% of the total sales revenue, whereas the yard's operating costs account for 17.7% of the revenue. The log sort yard's operating cost would be $3.74/piece or $79.53/thousand board feet. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) would make the biggest contribution to the yard's gross margin because this species both represents the largest volume (45% of the input log volume) into the yard and produces high-value products (house and veneer logs). Improved knowledge regarding wood market conditions and local log supplies is a prerequisite to understanding a log sort yard's financial feasibility. C1 [Han, Han-Sup] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Forestry & Wildland Resources, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Bilek, E. M. (Ted); Dramm, John (Rusty)] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53526 USA. [Loeffler, Dan; Calkin, Dave] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Han, HS (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Forestry & Wildland Resources, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM hh30@humboldt.edu RI Calkin, David/F-4727-2014 FU US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station FX This research was supported in part by funds provided by the US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 26 IS 4 BP 174 EP 182 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 910QB UT WOS:000301653300003 ER PT J AU Olson, E Kenefic, LS Dibble, AC Brissette, JC AF Olson, Elizabeth Kenefic, Laura S. Dibble, Alison C. Brissette, John C. TI Nonnative invasive plants in the Penobscot Experimental Forest in Maine, USA: Influence of site, silviculture, and land use history SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE US Forest Service experimental forests; invasive plant; old-field successional forest; Frangula alnus; Lonicera ID NEW-ENGLAND; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; DISTURBANCE; GROWTH; INVASIBILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION; DIVERSITY; SELECTION; INDIANA AB OLSON, E. (University of Maine, School of Forest Resources, Orono, Maine 04469-5755), L.S. KENEFIC (U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Bradley, ME 04411), A.C. DIBBLE (Stewards LLC, P.O. Box 321, Brooklin, ME 04616), and J.C. BRISSETTE (U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Durham, NH 03824). Nonnative invasive plants in the Penobscot Experimental Forest in Maine, USA: influence of site, silviculture, and land use history. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 138: 453-464. 2011.-We investigated the occurrence of nonnative invasive plants on approximately 175 ha comprising a long-term, 60-year-old U.S. Forest Service silvicultural experiment and old-field stands in the Penobscot Experimental Forest (PEF) in central Maine. Stands in the silvicultural experiment were never cleared for agriculture, but have been repeatedly partially cut. Our objectives were to determine the extent of nonnative invasive plant populations in the PEF, and to relate invasive plant abundance and distribution to management history and environmental factors (overstory composition and basal area, canopy openness, and soil characteristics). We found ten invasive plant species in the study area. Very few occurrences of these were in the silvicultural experiment; where present, invasive plants there appear to be associated with proximity to seed source, and a greater degree of recreational or silvicultural disturbance. Ordination showed that the environmental variables which were associated with invasive species in the old fields were not associated with the presence of invasives in the silvicultural treatments. In the old-field stands, invasive plant cover was positively related to exposed mineral soil and negatively related to organic horizon thickness; invasive plant richness was negatively related to hardwood litter cover. Frangula alnus was the most frequent invasive plant species in both the old-field stands and silvicultural experiment; its distribution was not correlated with observed environmental variables. Control measures are recommended to prevent further encroachment of invasive plants into the silvicultural experiment. C1 [Olson, Elizabeth] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Kenefic, Laura S.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Bradley, ME 04411 USA. [Dibble, Alison C.] Stewards LLC, Brooklin, ME 04616 USA. [Brissette, John C.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Olson, E (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM elizabetholson77@gmail.com RI Kenefic, Laura/H-3177-2014 FU Northeastern States Research Cooperative; University of Maine, School of Forest Resources; Josselyn Botanical Society FX Funding was provided by the Northeastern States Research Cooperative (Theme 1) and the University of Maine, School of Forest Resources.; We thank field workers Betsy Dionne, Catherine Amy Kropp, Matt Noone, and Mike Puleo. We appreciate help and support from Christopher S. Campbell, Arthur Haines, and the Josselyn Botanical Society. We are grateful for assistance from Rick Dionne and Tim Stone. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 35 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1095-5674 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD OCT-DEC PY 2011 VL 138 IS 4 BP 453 EP 464 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 884OO UT WOS:000299717600010 ER PT J AU Hermann, JR Fry, AM Siev, D Slate, D Lewis, C Gatewood, DM AF Hermann, Joseph R. Fry, Alethea M. Siev, David Slate, Dennis Lewis, Charles Gatewood, Donna M. TI Stability of vaccinia-vectored recombinant oral rabies vaccine under field conditions: A 3-year study SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID RACCOON RABIES; UNITED-STATES; VIRUS GLYCOPROTEIN; POPULATION-DENSITY; NORTH-AMERICA; FOXES; ELIMINATION; CHALLENGES; ONTARIO AB Rabies is an incurable zoonotic disease caused by rabies virus, a member of the rhabdovirus family. It is transmitted through the bite of an infected animal. Control methods, including oral rabies vaccination (ORV) programs, have led to a reduction in the spread and prevalence of the disease in wildlife. This study evaluated the stability of RABORAL, a recombinant vaccinia virus vaccine that is used in oral rabies vaccination programs. The vaccine was studied in various field microenvironments in order to describe its viability and facilitate effective baiting strategies. Field microenvironments influenced the stability of this vaccine in this study. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding how vaccines perform under varying field conditions in order to plan effective baiting strategies. C1 [Hermann, Joseph R.; Fry, Alethea M.; Siev, David; Lewis, Charles; Gatewood, Donna M.] Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Slate, Dennis] Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, USDA, Concord, NH 03301 USA. RP Gatewood, DM (reprint author), Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Donna.M.Gatewood@aphis.usda.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 75 IS 4 BP 278 EP 284 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 881ZO UT WOS:000299531100006 PM 22468025 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, VH Griswold, T AF Gonzalez, Victor H. Griswold, Terry TI Heriades tayrona N. Sp., the First Osmiine Bee from South America (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Apoidea; Anthophila; taxonomy; Colombia; Osmiini AB A new species of Heriades Spinola, H. tayrona, is described and figured based on females collected in a tropical dry forest of the Caribbean coast of Colombia. This is the first record of the genus and the tribe Osmiini for South America. C1 [Gonzalez, Victor H.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS Bee Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Gonzalez, VH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS Bee Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM victorgonzab@gmail.com; terry.griswold@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0742998] FX We extend our thanks to Amy Comfort de Gonzalez, Michael S. Engel, Claus Rasmussen, Cory Sheffield, and anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions that improved this manuscript. This study was supported in part by National Science Foundation grant DEB-0742998. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 EI 1937-2353 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 84 IS 4 BP 255 EP 259 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 885RP UT WOS:000299798800002 ER PT J AU Ivanova, GA Conard, SG Kukavskaya, EA McRae, DJ AF Ivanova, G. A. Conard, S. G. Kukavskaya, E. A. McRae, D. J. TI Fire impact on carbon storage in light conifer forests of the Lower Angara region, Siberia SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE light conifer stands; carbon storage; fire; biomass consumption; carbon emissions; forest type; depth of burn ID BOREAL FORESTS; EMISSIONS; BALANCE; BEHAVIOR; PINE AB This study focused on structural analysis of ground carbon storage following fires in light conifer stands of the Lower Angara region (Siberia, Russia). Experimental fires of varying frontal intensity were conducted at Scots pine and mixed larch forests of southern taiga. Considerable amounts of surface and ground forest fuels (21-38 tC ha(-1)) enhanced low-to high-intensity fires. Post-fire carbon storage decreased by 16-49% depending on fire intensity and rate of spread, with depth of burn being 0.9-6.6 cm. Carbon emissions varied from 4.48 to 15.89 t ha(-1) depending on fire intensity and forest type. Depth of burn and carbon emissions for four major site types were correlated with a weather-based fire hazard index. C1 [Ivanova, G. A.; Kukavskaya, E. A.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. [Conard, S. G.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. [McRae, D. J.] Canadian Forest Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. RP Ivanova, GA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, 50-28 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. EM GAIvanova@ksc.krasn.ru RI Conard, Susan/H-8158-2013; Kukavskaya, Elena/I-8155-2014 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Land Cover Land Use Change (LCLUC) Science Program; Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch; Russian Fund of Fundamental Investigation; International Science and Technology Center [3695] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support for this research from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Land Cover Land Use Change (LCLUC) Science Program, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, the Russian Fund of Fundamental Investigation, and International Science and Technology Center (project #3695). NR 36 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD OCT-DEC PY 2011 VL 6 IS 4 AR 045203 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045203 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 870MX UT WOS:000298674700041 ER PT J AU Grauke, LJ Mendoza-Herrera, MA Miller, AJ Wood, BW AF Grauke, L. J. Mendoza-Herrera, Maria Azucena Miller, Allison J. Wood, Bruce. W. TI Geographic patterns of genetic variation in native pecans SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE Carya illinoinensis; Microsatellites; Plastid SSRs; Nuclear SSRs; Postglacial recolonization; Dispersal ID MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; CARYA-ILLINOINENSIS; CHLOROPLAST CAPTURE; PLANT-POPULATIONS; AMERICAN; HISTORY; GENOMES; POLLEN; SEED; POLYMORPHISMS AB A structured collection of 80 seedling pecan trees [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch], representing 19 putatively native pecan populations across the species range, was evaluated at three plastid and 14 nuclear microsatellite (simple sequence repeat, SSR) loci. Data were analyzed using a priori population designations and also within a Bayesian framework, in which individuals were assigned to clusters regardless of population of origin. Population genetic analyses using a priori populations, clusters based on chloroplast microsatellite data (cpSSR), and clusters based on nuclear microsatellite data (nSSR) yielded consistent results. For all groupings, cpSSR variation exhibited more geographic structure than the nSSR data. Furthermore, cpSSR microsatellite diversity decreased with increasing latitude, but this pattern was not observed with the nuclear data. Contrasting patterns in plastid and nuclear genetic diversity demonstrate unique aspects of postglacial recolonization reflected in the movement of seeds versus pollen. These data suggest that plastid SSRs are useful tools for identifying population structure in pecan and hold promise for ongoing efforts to identify and conserve representative germplasm in ex situ collections. C1 [Grauke, L. J.] USDA ARS Pecan Breeding & Genet, Somerville, TX 77879 USA. [Mendoza-Herrera, Maria Azucena] Texas A&M Univ, Norman Borlaug Ctr So Crop Improvement, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Miller, Allison J.] St Louis Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Wood, Bruce. W.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Grauke, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS Pecan Breeding & Genet, 10200 FM 50, Somerville, TX 77879 USA. EM lj.grauke@ars.usda.gov NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD OCT PY 2011 VL 7 IS 5 BP 917 EP 932 DI 10.1007/s11295-011-0384-4 PG 16 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 881RY UT WOS:000299506900004 ER PT J AU Dammann, AA Shappell, NW Bartell, SE Schoenfuss, HL AF Dammann, A. A. Shappell, N. W. Bartell, S. E. Schoenfuss, H. L. TI Comparing biological effects and potencies of estrone and 17 beta-estradiol in mature fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Estrone; Estradiol; Fathead minnow; Histology; Vitellogenin; Reproduction ID WASTE-WATER EFFLUENT; REPRODUCTIVE DISRUPTION; NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; JAPANESE MEDAKA; LIFE-CYCLE; WILD FISH; EXPOSURE; VITELLOGENIN AB The presence of endocrine active compounds such as estrogens in treated wastewater effluent and their effects on aquatic life are causing concern among aquatic resource managers. In contrast to 17 beta-estradiol (E2), the steroid hormone produced by all vertebrates, the biological effects of estrone (El), one of its breakdown products are less understood, even though the aquatic concentrations of El are often higher than those of E2. The central hypothesis of this study was that at environmental concentrations, El has estrogenic effects in fish, with increased vitellogenin concentrations and decreased reproductive success in both male and female fathead minnows, as found with E2. In two replicate experiments, we exposed mature fathead minnows to three concentrations of each estrogen for 21 days in a flow-through exposure system and measured a broad suite of anatomical (body indices, histopathology), physiological (plasma vitellogenin), behavioral (nest defense), and reproductive (fecundity, fertility, hatching) endpoints. These endpoints have previously been associated with adverse effects of estrogenic exposures. While body length and weight parameters were unaltered by exposure, secondary sex characteristics exhibited an exposure concentrated-related decline in male fathead minnows. Interestingly, low concentrations of estrone (similar to 15 ng/L) enhanced the aggressiveness of male fathead minnows in a behavioral assay. Vitellogenin concentrations in male fish increased with higher concentrations of both estrogens, but remained unchanged in all female treatments. A decrease in fecundity was observed at high concentrations of E2 as compared with control minnows. These results suggest that El, at concentrations previously found in waters receiving wastewater effluent, can have reproductive effects on fish. (C) 2011 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved. C1 [Dammann, A. A.; Bartell, S. E.; Schoenfuss, H. L.] St Cloud State Univ, Aquat Toxicol Lab, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. [Shappell, N. W.] ARS, USDA, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Bartell, S. E.] Normandale Community Coll, Bloomington, MN 55431 USA. RP Schoenfuss, HL (reprint author), St Cloud State Univ, Aquat Toxicol Lab, WSB-273,270 4th Ave S, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. EM hschoenfuss@stcloudstate.edu FU US EPA GLNPO [GL00E57201-0]; St. Cloud State University FX We thank Lloyd Billey for analytical assistance and students in the St. Cloud State University Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory for assistance during the exposure experiments. Partial funding for this study provided by the US EPA GLNPO Program (Grant # GL00E57201-0) and St. Cloud State University. NR 40 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 105 IS 3-4 BP 559 EP 568 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.08.011 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 862UW UT WOS:000298120600040 PM 21939616 ER PT J AU Beyer, WN Krafft, C Klassen, S Green, CE Chaney, RL AF Beyer, W. Nelson Krafft, Cairn Klassen, Stephen Green, Carrie E. Chaney, Rufus L. TI Relating Injury to the Forest Ecosystem Near Palmerton, PA, to Zinc Contamination From Smelting SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOIL; PENNSYLVANIA; EMISSIONS; SMELTERS; VICINITY; CADMIUM; VEGETATION; METALS AB The forest on Blue Mountain, near Lehigh Gap, has been injured by emissions from two historical zinc (Zn) smelters in Palmerton, PA, located at the northern base of the mountain. The uppermost mineral soil and lower litter from sites along a transect, just south of the ridgetop, contained from 64 to 4400 mg/kg Zn. We measured forest metrics at 15 sampling sites to ascertain how forest structure, species composition and regeneration are related to soil concentrations of Zn, the probable principal cause of the injury. Understanding how ecotoxicological injury is related to soil Zn concentrations helps us quantify the extent of injury to the ecosystem on Blue Mountain as well as to generalize to other sites. The sum of canopy closure and shrub cover, suggested as a broadly inclusive measure of forest structure, was decreased to half at approximately 2060 mg/kg Zn (102 mg/kg Sr(N0(3))(2)-extractable Zn). Tree-seedling density was decreased by 80% (from 10.5/m(2) to 2.1/m(2)) at a much lower concentration: 1080 mg/kg Zn (59 mg/kg Sr(N0(3))(2)-extractable Zn). Changes in species composition and richness were not as useful for quantifying injury to the forest. Phytotoxicity, desiccation from exposure, and a gypsy moth infestation combined to form a barren area on the ridgetop. Liming the strongly acid Hazleton soils at the sites would partially ameliorate the observed phytotoxicity and should be considered in planning restoration. C1 [Beyer, W. Nelson; Krafft, Cairn] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Klassen, Stephen] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pennsylvania Ecol Serv Field Off, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. [Green, Carrie E.; Chaney, Rufus L.] Agr Res Serv, Environm Management & Byproduct Utilizat Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Beyer, WN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E, Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM nbeyer@usgs.gov FU United States Department of the Interior FX This research was funded partially by the United States Department of the Interior's Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration Program. We thank Susan Stout, of the USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Station, for helpful suggestions on an earlier draft. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 61 IS 3 BP 376 EP 388 DI 10.1007/s00244-010-9640-0 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 868CE UT WOS:000298500400003 PM 21286698 ER PT J AU Spokas, KA Novak, JM Stewart, CE Cantrell, KB Uchimiya, M DuSaire, MG Ro, KS AF Spokas, Kurt A. Novak, Jeffrey M. Stewart, Catherine E. Cantrell, Keri B. Uchimiya, Minori DuSaire, Martin G. Ro, Kyoung S. TI Qualitative analysis of volatile organic compounds on biochar SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Carbon; Black carbon; Sorption; GRACEnet; Production conditions; Charcoal ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HEADSPACE ANALYSIS; BLACK CARBON; BIO-OIL; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; OXIDATIVE PYROLYSIS; SOFTWOOD PELLETS; PLANT-GROWTH AB Qualitative identification of sorbed volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on biochar was conducted by headspace thermal desorption coupled to capillary gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry. VOCs may have a mechanistic role influencing plant and microbial responses to biochar amendments, since VOCs can directly inhibit/stimulate microbial and plant processes. Over 70 biochars encompassing a variety of parent feedstocks and manufacturing processes were evaluated and were observed to possess diverse sorbed VOC composition. There were over 140 individual chemical compounds thermally desorbed from some biochars, with hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and fast pyrolysis biochars typically possessing the greatest number of sorbed volatiles. In contrast, gasification, thermal or chemical processed biochars, soil kiln mound, and open pit biochars possessed low to non-detectable levels of VOCs. Slow pyrolysis biochars were highly variable in terms of their sorbed VOC content. There were no clear feedstock dependencies to the sorbed VOC composition, suggesting a stronger linkage with biochar production conditions coupled to post-production handling and processing. Lower pyrolytic temperatures (<= 350 degrees C) produced biochars with sorbed VOCs consisting of short carbon chain aldehydes, furans and ketones; elevated temperature biochars (>350 degrees C) typically were dominated by sorbed aromatic compounds and longer carbon chain hydrocarbons. The presence of oxygen during pyrolysis also reduced sorbed VOCs. These compositional results suggest that sorbed VOCs are highly variable and that their chemical dissimilarity could play a role in the wide variety of plant and soil microbial responses to biochar soil amendment noted in the literature. This variability in VOC composition may argue for VOC characterization before land application to predict possible agroecosystem effects. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Spokas, Kurt A.; Cantrell, Keri B.; DuSaire, Martin G.] ARS, USDA, Soil & Water Management Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Spokas, Kurt A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Novak, Jeffrey M.; Ro, Kyoung S.] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. [Stewart, Catherine E.] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Uchimiya, Minori] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Spokas, KA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil & Water Management Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,439 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM kurt.spokas@ars.usda.gov RI Spokas, Kurt/F-4839-2016; OI Spokas, Kurt/0000-0002-5049-5959; Stewart, Catherine/0000-0003-1216-0450 FU Minnesota Department of Agriculture; Minnesota Corn Growers Association/Minnesota Corn Research Production Council FX The authors would like to acknowledge the exceptional laboratory work conducted by Eric Nooker, Tia Phan, Amanda Bidwell, Lindsay Watson and Lianne Endo. The authors would also like to acknowledge the partial funding from the Minnesota Department of Agriculture Specialty Block Grant program and the Minnesota Corn Growers Association/Minnesota Corn Research Production Council. Furthermore, the authors would like to express their gratitude to the companies that produced the various biochars used in this research, that included Dyanamotive, EPIRDA (Earth, People, Research, Innovation, Development, and Acknowledgment), Best Energies, Pacific Pyrolysis, University of Minnesota, Avello Bioenergy Inc., Northern Tilth, Willinger Brothers, Chip Energy, Cowboy Charcoal, Illinois Sustainability and Technology Center, Siemens, Harsco Technology Corporation, Alterna Bioenergy, University of Georgia, the National Council of Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (Dr. Claudia Kammann), and Acatech - German Academy of Science and Engineering (Dr. Judy Libra). This research is part of the USDA-ARS Biochar and Pyrolysis Initiative and USDA-ARS GRACEnet (Greenhouse Gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement Network) programs. NR 118 TC 117 Z9 122 U1 13 U2 166 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD OCT PY 2011 VL 85 IS 5 BP 869 EP 882 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.108 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 860PG UT WOS:000297959600024 PM 21788060 ER PT J AU Wang, LQ Liang, T Kleinman, PJA Cao, HY AF Wang, Lingqing Liang, Tao Kleinman, Peter J. A. Cao, Hongying TI An experimental study on using rare earth elements to trace phosphorous losses from nonpoint sources SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Soil; Phosphorous; Rare earth elements; Simulated rainfall; Manure ID AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS; WATERSHED SCALE; SURFACE WATERS; RUNOFF; SOIL; MANURE; FRACTIONATION; PERSPECTIVE; AMENDMENTS; PROTECTION AB Controlling phosphorous (P) inputs through management of its sources and transport is critical for limiting freshwater eutrophication. In this study, characteristics of exogenous rare earth elements (REEs) and P and their losses with surface runoff (both in the water and sediments) during simulated rainfall experiments (83 mm h(-1)) were investigated. The results revealed that on average most REEs (La, 94%; Nd, 93%; Sm, 96%) and P (96%) transported with sediments in the runoff. The total amounts of losses of REEs and P in the runoff were significantly correlated, suggesting the possibility of using REEs to trace the fate of agricultural nonpoint P losses. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Lingqing; Liang, Tao; Cao, Hongying] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Kleinman, Peter J. A.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Liang, T (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM liangt@igsnrr.ac.cn FU National Natural Scientific Foundation of China [40571146, 40871225] FX This study was sponsored by the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China (Nos. 40571146 and 40871225). In this study the simulated rainfall experiments were conducted at Fangshan Experimental Center of Beijing Normal University. The authors thank Baoyuan Liu and Xiaofei Gao for their help in the experiments. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD OCT PY 2011 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1075 EP 1079 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.07.038 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 864FW UT WOS:000298223400022 PM 21871648 ER PT J AU Yang, CH Everitt, JH Goolsby, JA AF Yang, Chenghai Everitt, James H. Goolsby, John A. TI Mapping Giant Reed (Arundo donax) Infestations along the Texas-Mexico Portion of the Rio Grande with Aerial Photography SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Invasive weed; area estimation; image classification; maximum likelihood classifier ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SATELLITE IMAGERY; QUICKBIRD; RIVER AB Giant reed is an invasive weed throughout the southern half of the United States, with the densest stands growing along the coastal rivers of southern California and the Rio Grande in Texas. The objective of this study was to use aerial photography to map giant reed infestations and to estimate infested areas along the Texas-Mexico portion of the Rio Grande. Aerial color-infrared photographs were taken along the Rio Grande between Brownsville and El Paso, TX, in June and July 2002. Based on the aerial photographs and ground surveys, the portion of the river from San Ygnacio to Lajitas, which has a river length of 898 km (558 mi), was found to be infested with giant reed. To estimate infested areas along both sides of the river, 65 (13.5%) of the 480 aerial photographs taken between Lajitas and San Ygnacio were randomly selected. The aerial photographs were digitized, rectified to Google Earth imagery, and then classified using maximum-likelihood classification techniques. The infested areas on both sides of the river, as well as water area and river length, from each photographic image were determined. Based on the estimates from the 65 aerial photos, the ratio of giant reed area to water area and the ratio of giant reed area to river length were calculated. The total giant reed area along the Rio Grande between Lajitas and San Ygnacio was estimated to be 5,981 ha (14,779 ac) with 3,714 ha or 62% on the U.S. side and 2,267 ha or 38% on the Mexican side. This study provides the first accurate estimates of giant reed infestations along the Texas Mexico portion of the Rio Grande and will be useful for both land owners and government agencies for the estimation of water usage and economic loss and for the management and control of giant reed. C1 [Yang, Chenghai; Everitt, James H.; Goolsby, John A.] ARS, USDA, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Yang, CH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM chenghai.yang@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD OCT-DEC PY 2011 VL 4 IS 4 BP 402 EP 410 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-10-00081.1 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 872QP UT WOS:000298824700004 ER PT J AU Beckman, TG Reilly, CC Pusey, PL Hotchkiss, M AF Beckman, T. G. Reilly, C. C. Pusey, P. L. Hotchkiss, M. TI Progress in the Management of Peach Fungal Gummosis (Botryosphaeria dothidea) in the Southeastern US Peach Industry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA PISTACHIO; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFECTION; CULTIVARS; BARK AB Peach fungal gummosis, incited by Botryosphaeria dothidea [(Moug.:Fr.) Ces. & De Not.] has been shown to be capable of reducing growth and yield by up to 40% on susceptible peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] cultivars. At this time there is no management program for this disease other than practices to reduce inoculum in the orchard. In field tests under high inoculum pressure no fungicide tested appeared to provide effective control and in one test not only did all of the trial fungicides fail to provide control but even a proven (though no longer registered) fungicide failed as well. However, several paint treatments appeared promising. Field screens under high inoculum pressure have demonstrated that some important peach cultivars utilized in the southeastern US peach industry are highly susceptible to this disease. The relative susceptibility of additional peach cultivars, including many recently introduced, was determined, the majority of which were either moderately or highly susceptible to gummosis. However, several varieties appear to have high levels of resistance to fungal gummosis and may prove suitable as founding parents for resistance breeding. The large proportion of recent releases that appear to be highly susceptible makes this approach all the more urgent. C1 [Beckman, T. G.; Reilly, C. C.; Hotchkiss, M.] ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Pusey, P. L.] ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Beckman, TG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. FU South Carolina Peach Council FX The authors would like to express their gratitude to Roger Laster, Warren McDow, Deb Mooney, Dena Patterson and Ken Turner, for their help and support in this work and to the South Carolina Peach Council for their generous financial support which was used to construct the latest version of the trellis system. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 65 IS 4 BP 192 EP 200 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 861MF UT WOS:000298022500003 ER PT J AU Gilmore, B Bassil, N Hummer, K AF Gilmore, Barbara Bassil, Nahla Hummer, Kim TI DNA Extraction Protocols from Dormant Buds of Twelve Woody Plant Genera SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; L.; JUGLANDACEAE; PCR AB Standard plant DNA extraction protocols call for samples of newly expanding leaves and shoots yet analysis is sometimes needed when plants are dormant. We evaluated three DNA extraction protocols using dormant buds from 40 species and four hybrids of 12 genera. Two protocols were from ready-to-use kits (the Omega E-Z 96 Plant DNA Kit and the Fast ID 96-Well Genomic DNA Extraction Kit) and the third included commercial lysis and protein precipitation reagents (Qiagen). The genera included: Actinidia (Hardy Kiwi), Rubus (red raspberry), Ribes (gooseberry and currant), Cydonia (quince), Sorbus (mountain ash), Juglans (butternut), Amelanchier (service berry), Pyrus (pear), Mespilus (medlar), Corylus (hazelnut), Paeonia (peony), and Vaccinium (blueberry). In each of the genera tested, except for Juglans, both the Qiagen and Omega protocols generated large amounts of DNA (averaging 40 and 14.8 mu g, respectively, from 30 to 36 mg of tissue) from dormant buds. For Juglans, none of these procedures provided satisfactory amounts of DNA from dormant buds. The positive result for 11 genera expanded the options for the sources of tissue as well as time of tissue collection for DNA extraction. The highest DNA yield was obtained with the Qiagen protocol, which was the least expensive of the three. However, in this protocol the bud scales must be removed to obtain a clear DNA extract. The Omega protocol may be more efficient if DNA is to be extracted from a large number of samples. In each of these 11 genera, DNA produced by at least one of the three protocols was of sufficient quality to apply in downstream molecular techniques, such as sequencing. C1 [Gilmore, Barbara; Hummer, Kim] USDA ARS Arctic & Subarctic Plant Gene Bank, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. [Bassil, Nahla; Hummer, Kim] USDA ARS Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Gilmore, B (reprint author), USDA ARS Arctic & Subarctic Plant Gene Bank, 1509 S Georgeson Dr, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. FU ARS CRIS [5341-21000-004-00D, 5358-21000-038-00D] FX The authors appreciate the financial support from ARS CRIS 5341-21000-004-00D and ARS CRIS 5358-21000-038-00D. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 65 IS 4 BP 201 EP 207 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 861MF UT WOS:000298022500004 ER PT J AU Pomper, KW Crabtree, SB Lowe, JD AF Pomper, Kirk W. Crabtree, Sheri B. Lowe, Jeremiah D. TI The North American Pawpaw Variety: 'KSU-Atwood (TM)' SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID KENTUCKY AB The North American pawpaw variety 'KSU-Atwood (TM)' ('KSU8-2' cultivar) is released for grower trial by the Horticulture Program of the Kentucky State University Land Grant Program. This pawpaw variety is a high yielding, medium sized fruited, middle to late season ripening variety, with a unique mango-banana-pineapple-like flavor. This selection also naturally forms strong right-angled branches to support high crop loads. The release is named for Rufus B. Atwood, who served as president of Kentucky State College (now University) from 1929 to 1962 and also led efforts for desegregated education in Kentucky in the 1940s. C1 [Pomper, Kirk W.] Kentucky State Univ, Atwood Res Facil, USDA Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository Asimina Spe, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. RP Pomper, KW (reprint author), Kentucky State Univ, Atwood Res Facil, USDA Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository Asimina Spe, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 65 IS 4 BP 218 EP 221 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 861MF UT WOS:000298022500006 ER PT J AU Bernicchia, A Gorjon, SP Nakasone, KK AF Bernicchia, Annarosa Gorjon, Sergio P. Nakasone, Karen K. TI Arrasia rostrata (Basidiomycota), a new corticioid genus and species from Italy SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article DE dendrotheloid fungi; Italy ID AGARICALES AB An unusual corticioid species with distinctive large basidiospores that develop a distal refractive rostrum when fully mature is described as new. It grows on living bark of Juniperus phoenicea on the Italian island of Sardinia. Because it is morphologically distinct from any known genus of corticioid fungi, the new genus Arrasia is proposed to accommodate it. C1 [Bernicchia, Annarosa] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Agroambientali, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Gorjon, Sergio P.] Ctr Invest & Extens Forestal Andino Patagon, RA-9200 Esquel, Chubut, Argentina. [Nakasone, Karen K.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Bernicchia, A (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Agroambientali, Via Fanin 42, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. EM annarosa.bernicchia@unibo.it FU Council of Lanusei (Sardinia, Italy) FX Nils Hallenberg and Alina G. Greslebin acted as presubmission reviewers and their comments are acknowledged. We thank Luigi Arras and Marco Facchini for their help, Giovanni Consiglio for revision of Latin diagnosis, and Cristina Spinelli for the colour photo. The Council of Lanusei (Sardinia, Italy) supported AB and SPG on some collecting trips. Karl-Henrik Larsson and Ellen Larsson sequenced Arrasia rostrata and conducted a preliminary molecular analysis, and we are very grateful for their comments about the molecular relationship of the new species. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USA SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD OCT-DEC PY 2011 VL 118 BP 257 EP 264 DI 10.5248/118.257 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 877GW UT WOS:000299166500030 ER PT J AU Li, H Cunha, CW Taus, NS AF Li, Hong Cunha, Cristina W. Taus, Naomi S. TI Malignant Catarrhal Fever: Understanding Molecular Diagnostics in Context of Epidemiology SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE malignant catarrhal fever; diagnosis; cELISA; PCR; gammaherpesvirus; infection ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; OVINE HERPESVIRUS 2; DEER ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; BISON BISON-BISON; REAL-TIME PCR; COMPETITIVE-INHIBITION ELISA; ALCELAPHINE HERPESVIRUS-1; NASAL SECRETIONS; MULTIGENIC CHARACTERIZATION AB Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a frequently fatal disease, primarily of ruminants, caused by a group of gammaherpesviruses. Due to complexities of pathogenesis and epidemiology in various species, which are either clinically-susceptible or reservoir hosts, veterinary clinicians face significant challenges in laboratory diagnostics. The recent development of specific assays for viral DNA and antibodies has expanded and improved the inventory of laboratory tests and opened new opportunities for use of MCF diagnostics. Issues related to understanding and implementing appropriate assays for specific diagnostic needs must be addressed in order to take advantage of molecular diagnostics in the laboratory. C1 [Li, Hong; Cunha, Cristina W.; Taus, Naomi S.] Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Li, Hong; Taus, Naomi S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM hli@vetmed.wsu.edu; cwcunha@vetmed.wsu.edu; tausns@vetmed.wsu.edu FU USDA-ARS [CWU 5348-32000-032-00D] FX The funding was supported by USDA-ARS CWU 5348-32000-032-00D. We thank James Evermann, Anthony Nicola and Donald Knowles for valuable discussions and revision of the manuscript. NR 83 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-0067 J9 INT J MOL SCI JI Int. J. Mol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 12 IS 10 BP 6881 EP 6893 DI 10.3390/ijms12106881 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 842DK UT WOS:000296569600034 PM 22072925 ER PT J AU DeBruyne, SA Feldhake, CM Burger, JA Fike, JH AF DeBruyne, S. A. Feldhake, C. M. Burger, J. A. Fike, J. H. TI Tree effects on forage growth and soil water in an Appalachian silvopasture SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Hydraulic lift; Soil water potential; Water uptake; Honey locust ID HYDRAULIC LIFT; TALL FESCUE; GRASSES; REDISTRIBUTION; SAVANNA; SHADE; AGROFORESTRY; PERFORMANCE; ENVIRONMENT; PATTERNS AB Silvopastures may have the potential to increase forage yields beneath trees compared to open pasture at some sites. This has been attributed to a combination of factors including improved water use efficiency by shaded grass and increased water availability through hydraulic lift by trees. The objectives of this research were to determine if silvopastures changed forage mass production and available soil water, and to determine how these two factors were related. Forage mass and soil water were sampled at 1.0, 2.0, and 3.6 m from the tree stem, or plot center under honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.), black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) and shade cloth in 2006 and 2007. Soil water was measured in the top 10 cm of soil using a capacitance probe, and at 30-cm intervals, from 45 to 105 cm, using a neutron probe. Forage was collected to determine dry mass and annual yield. In 2006, forage mass was greater under black walnuts and honey locusts than under 70% shade cloth. In 2007, with a 50% shade cloth, forage growth was similar in all treatments. In both 2006 and 2007, soil moisture in the top 10 cm was higher under shade cloth compared to honey locust or black walnut trees. Similarities in forage mass between treatments in 2007 indicate that the differences in soil water were not biologically significant for forage growth. Lower forage mass under the 70% shade cloth in 2006 was due to suppressed growth from intense shading. The major implication for pasture managers is that trees in these pastures had no negative effect on soil water availability and forage growth. C1 [Burger, J. A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat 0324, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Feldhake, C. M.] USDA ARS, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. [Fike, J. H.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Burger, JA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat 0324, 228 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jaburger@vt.edu NR 30 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 83 IS 2 SI SI BP 189 EP 200 DI 10.1007/s10457-011-9376-5 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 858OT UT WOS:000297811200008 ER EF