FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Poudyal, NC Siry, JP Bowker, JM AF Poudyal, Neelam C. Siry, Jacek P. Bowker, J. M. TI Urban forests' potential to supply marketable carbon emission offsets: A survey of municipal governments in the United States SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Urban forestry; Carbon credits; Supply; Climate change; Municipalities ID STORAGE; SEQUESTRATION; USA AB This study assesses the motivation, willingness, and technical as well as managerial capacities of U.S. cities to store carbon and sell carbon offsets. Based on a national survey of urban foresters, arborists, and other officials responsible for urban forest management within U.S. municipal governments, results indicate that local governments are interested in selling carbon offsets. An estimated Probit discrete choice model shows that the chance of a city participating in carbon trading is positively influenced by a number of factors including: (1) level of urbanization, (2) management's knowledge of carbon sequestration, (3) revenue generation from offset sales, (4) population education level, and (5) familiarity with carbon market institutions such as the Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX). The cost of living, as reflected by median home prices, appears to be inversely related to the probability of participation. Currently, a number of cities have the technical and managerial capacity to establish quality carbon offset criteria such as enforceability, additionality, verifiability, and baseline establishment. However, many cities are still unaware of carbon sequestration opportunities, and there appears to be a fundamental disconnect to market participation. The results also suggest that municipal governments would gain from a better understanding of the costs and benefits associated with urban forest carbon storage. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Poudyal, Neelam C.; Siry, Jacek P.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bowker, J. M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Siry, JP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM npoudyal@warnell.uga.edu; jsiry@warnell.uga.edu; mbowker@fs.fed.us NR 32 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 12 IS 6 BP 432 EP 438 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2010.05.002 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 633VN UT WOS:000280535000005 ER PT J AU Graham, RT Jain, TB Kingery, JL AF Graham, Russell T. Jain, Theresa B. Kingery, James L. TI Ameliorating conflicts among deer, elk, cattle and/or other ungulates and other forest uses: a synthesis SO FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID WILDLIFE WATER DEVELOPMENTS; DRINKING-WATER; MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEMS; LIVESTOCK; SALT; CONSERVATION; REINDEER; IMPACT; RANGE AB In many boreal and temperate forests, ungulates are an important feature valued by many stakeholders. However, conflicts often arise due to the use of a forest by both domestic and wild ungulates and other uses such as timber production, recreation and conservation. In this paper, we present and synthesize several concepts and suggestions that have applicability for ameliorating these conflicts. The amount, location and juxtaposition of forage, water, minerals (e.g. salt, molasses blocks) and cover are major determinants of range quality and, in turn, influence how ungulates use forests. Moreover, by strategically dispersing these key elements throughout a landscape will also disperse animal use by decreasing ungulate numbers in a given area thus reducing potential conflicts with other forest uses. Other approaches such as fences, herding, coarse woody debris dispersion, stand regeneration methods and site preparation methods can also be used to influence animal movement and use. By far, the most important aspect of minimizing ungulate conflicts is to integrate their use and requirements into a silvicultural system that is planned, executed and evaluated within and among landscapes and is developed to meet non-conflicting forest management objectives. C1 [Graham, Russell T.; Jain, Theresa B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Kingery, James L.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Graham, RT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM rtrgraham@fs.fed.us NR 103 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PD JUL PY 2010 VL 83 IS 3 BP 245 EP 255 DI 10.1093/forestry/cpq003 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 616DU UT WOS:000279189800002 ER PT J AU Roesch, FA Van Deusen, PC AF Roesch, Francis A. Van Deusen, Paul C. TI Anomalous diameter distribution shifts estimated from FIA inventories through time SO FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID FOREST INVENTORY; FINLAND AB In the past decade, the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis Program (FIA) has replaced regionally autonomous, periodic, state-wide forest inventories using various probability proportional to tree size sampling designs with a nationally consistent annual forest inventory design utilizing systematically spaced clusters of fixed-area plots. This has resulted in significant changes in the spatial-temporal distribution of observations on the nation's forest resource. This paper discusses the resulting changes in the observation of the distribution of tree diameters measured at 1.37 m above ground level. We show that in three of the four FIA regions, a significant portion of the upper end of the diameter distribution has thus far gone unobserved by the new inventory design. We conclude that the reason is not that the larger diameter trees have become less common but rather that there is a low enough probability of observing these trees that they are not being observed. This postulate is supported by the observation that large-diameter trees are not missing from the data acquired by the fourth FIA region (the Pacific Northwest), which uses an additional sampling mechanism for large-diameter trees. We explore the implications of this effect in addition to potential solutions. C1 [Roesch, Francis A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Van Deusen, Paul C.] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, Lowell, MA USA. RP Roesch, FA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 200 WT Weaver Blvd, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. EM froesch@fs.fed.us NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PD JUL PY 2010 VL 83 IS 3 BP 269 EP 276 DI 10.1093/forestry/cpq009 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 616DU UT WOS:000279189800004 ER PT J AU Magnussen, S Smith, B Kleinn, C Sun, IF AF Magnussen, S. Smith, B. Kleinn, C. Sun, I. F. TI An urn model for species richness estimation in quadrat sampling from fixed-area populations SO FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID FOREST INVENTORY DATA; NONPARAMETRIC-ESTIMATION; DIVERSITY; NUMBER; PROBABILITY; BIODIVERSITY; PERFORMANCE; JACKKNIFE; COVERAGE; DISTRIBUTIONS AB A simple urn model species richness estimator applicable to quadrat sampling from a fixed-area sessile population composed of N quadrats is proposed. The urn model rests on the assumption that the proportion of quadrats with species that occurred in just one of the n sampled quadrats is proportional to the probability of discovering a new species if one quadrat is added to the sample. The urn model works by making one-step-ahead sequential predictions of new species discoveries for all N - n quadrats not in the original sample. The probability of a new discovery changes dynamically as predictions are made. The urn scheme is repeated a large number of times to yield a resampling distribution of richness from which the mean is obtained as the estimate of richness. The variance of the resampling distribution quantifies the prediction variance. Quantiles (0.025 and 0.975) of the resampling distribution were taken as the upper and lower limit of a 95 per cent confidence interval for the true richness. In simulated low-intensity quadrat sampling from 10 fixed-area populations of forest trees, the urn estimator had the lowest bias and root mean-squared errors and the best coverage of 95 per cent confidence intervals. Attractive 'asymptotic' properties of the urn model were demonstrated with three artificial benchmark populations. C1 [Magnussen, S.] Canadian Forest Serv, Nat Resources Canada, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. [Smith, B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Kleinn, C.] Univ Gottingen, Inst Forest Management, Fac Forest Sci & Forest Ecol, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Sun, I. F.] Tunghai Univ, Ctr Trop Ecol & Biodivers, Taichung 40704, Taiwan. RP Magnussen, S (reprint author), Canadian Forest Serv, Nat Resources Canada, 506 W Burnside Rd, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. EM steen.magnussen@nrcan.gc.ca OI magnussen, steen/0000-0002-5655-768X FU Forest Research Programme [DFID-R8305] FX The MIOMBO data were those used by Kleinn and Vilcko (2006) and stem from a project on sustainable bark harvesting in Southern Africa (funded by DFID-R8305-Forest Research Programme). Dr Frantisek Vilcko kindly prepared the dataset. NR 82 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PD JUL PY 2010 VL 83 IS 3 BP 293 EP 306 DI 10.1093/forestry/cpq012 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 616DU UT WOS:000279189800007 ER PT J AU Long, EK Picklo, MJ AF Long, Eric K. Picklo, Matthew J., Sr. TI Trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, a product of n-3 fatty acid peroxidation: Make some room HNE ... SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE Lipid peroxidation; Oxidative damage; Polyunsaturated fatty acid; Docosahexaenoic acid; 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal; 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal; 4-oxo-2-hexenal; Aldehydes ID MITOCHONDRIAL PERMEABILITY TRANSITION; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAMMA-GLUTAMYL-TRANSPEPTIDASE; AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; FEMALE SEX-PHEROMONE; TARNISHED PLANT BUG; KAPPA-B ACTIVATION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MERCAPTURIC ACID AB Lipid peroxidation yields multiple aldehyde species. Of these, trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (FINE), derived from n-6 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is one of the most studied products of lipid peroxidation. On the other hand, oxidative damage to n-3 PUFA, e.g. docosahexaenoic acid (DNA; 22:6, n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid, is now recognized as an important effector of oxidative stress and is of particular interest in n-3 rich tissues such as brain and retina. Trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE) is a major alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde product of n-3 PUFA oxidation and, like HNE, is an active biochemical mediator resulting from lipid peroxidation. HHE adducts are elevated in disease states, in some cases, at higher levels than the corresponding HNE adduct. HHE has properties in common with HNE, but there are important differences particularly with respect to adduction targets and detoxification pathways. In this review, the biochemistry and cell biology of HHE will be discussed. From this review, it is clear that further study is needed to determine the biochemical and physiological roles of HHE and its related aldehyde, trans-4-oxo-2-hexenal. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Picklo, Matthew J., Sr.] USDA, Agr Res Ctr, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. [Long, Eric K.; Picklo, Matthew J., Sr.] Dept Pharmacol Physiol & Therapeut, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. [Picklo, Matthew J., Sr.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Chem, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. RP Picklo, MJ (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Ctr, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, 2420 2nd Ave N, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. EM matthew.picklo@ars.usda.gov NR 114 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.03.015 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 607NW UT WOS:000278511800001 PM 20353821 ER PT J AU Johnston, R Candela, H Hake, S Foster, T AF Johnston, Robyn Candela, Hector Hake, Sarah Foster, Toshi TI The Maize milkweed pod1 Mutant Reveals a Mechanism to Modify Organ Morphology SO GENESIS LA English DT Article DE milkweed pod1; kanadi; polarity; adaxial; abaxial; maize; leaf morphology ID LEAF POLARITY; LEAVES; KANADI; PLANTS; ESTABLISHMENT; ARABIDOPSIS AB Plant lateral organs, such as leaves, have three primary axes of growth-proximal-distal, medial-lateral and adaxial-abaxial (dorsal-ventral). Although most leaves are planar, modified leaf forms, such as the bikeeled grass prophyll, can be found in nature. A detailed examination of normal prophyll development indicates that polarity is established differently in the keels than in other parts of the prophyll. Analysis of the maize HD-ZIPIII gene rolled leaf1 (rId1) suggests that altered expression patterns are responsible for keel outgrowth. Recessive mutations in the maize (Zea mays) KANADI (KAN) gene milkweed pod1 (mwp1), which promotes abaxial cell identity, strongly affect development of the prophyll and silks (fused carpels). The prophyll is reduced to two unfused midribs and the silks are narrow and misshapen. Our data indicate that the prophyll and other fused organs are particularly sensitive to disruptions in adaxial-abaxial polarity. In addition, lateral and proximal-distal growth of most lateral organs is reduced in the mwp1-R mutant, supporting a role for the adaxial-abaxial boundary in promoting growth along both axes. We propose that the adaxial-abaxial patterning mechanism has been co-opted during evolution to generate diverse organ morphologies. genesis 48:416-423, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Foster, Toshi] Plant & Food Res Inst New Zealand, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. [Johnston, Robyn] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Candela, Hector] Univ Miguel Hernandez, Div Genet, Alicante 03202, Spain. [Candela, Hector] Univ Miguel Hernandez, Inst Bioingn, Alicante 03202, Spain. [Hake, Sarah] USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Foster, T (reprint author), Plant & Food Res Inst New Zealand, Private Bag 11 600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. EM tfoster@HortResearch.co.nz RI Candela, Hector/C-5563-2012; foster, toshi/A-6373-2017 OI Candela, Hector/0000-0002-3050-4408; foster, toshi/0000-0002-2829-4384 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1526-954X J9 GENESIS JI Genesis PD JUL PY 2010 VL 48 IS 7 BP 416 EP 423 DI 10.1002/dvg.20622 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 632KL UT WOS:000280422500001 PM 20213690 ER PT J AU Findley, SD Cannon, S Varala, K Du, JC Ma, JX Hudson, ME Birchler, JA Stacey, G AF Findley, Seth D. Cannon, Steven Varala, Kranthi Du, Jianchang Ma, Jianxin Hudson, Matthew E. Birchler, James A. Stacey, Gary TI A Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization System for Karyotyping Soybean SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; PACHYTENE CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS; GLYCINE-SOJA SIEB.; PRIMARY TRISOMICS; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; REPETITIVE DNA; SATELLITE DNA; L MERR; SEQUENCE ORGANIZATION; LENGTH POLYMORPHISM AB The development of a universal soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) cytogenetic map that associates classical genetic linkage groups, molecular linkage groups, and a sequence-based physical map with the karyotype has been impeded due to the soybean chromosomes themselves, which are small and morphologically homogeneous. To overcome this obstacle, we screened soybean repetitive DNA to develop a cocktail of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) probes that could differentially label mitotic chromosomes in root tip preparations. We used genetically anchored BAC clones both to identify individual chromosomes in metaphase spreads and to complete a FISH-based karyotyping cocktail that permitted simultaneous identification of all 20 chromosome pairs. We applied these karyotyping tools to wild soybean, G. soja Sieb. and Zucc., which represents a large gene pool of potentially agronomically valuable traits. These studies led to the identification and characterization of a reciprocal chromosome translocation between chromosomes 11 and 13 in two accessions of wild soybean. The data confirm that this translocation is widespread in G. soja accessions and likely accounts for the semi-sterility found in some G. soja by G. max crosses. C1 [Findley, Seth D.; Stacey, Gary] Univ Missouri, Natl Ctr Soybean Biotechnol, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Birchler, James A.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Cannon, Steven] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Varala, Kranthi; Hudson, Matthew E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Du, Jianchang; Ma, Jianxin] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Stacey, G (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Christopher S Bond Life Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM staceyg@missouri.edu RI Hudson, Matthew/A-4438-2008; Varala, Kranthi/A-2954-2013 OI Hudson, Matthew/0000-0002-4737-0936; Varala, Kranthi/0000-0003-1051-6636 FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [2008-34555-19305, 2008-34488-19433]; National Center for Soybean Biotechnology; National Science Foundation [DBI0423898]; United Soybean Board FX S.D.F. and G.S. gratefully acknowledge funding from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), grant 2008-34555-19305, and the National Center for Soybean Biotechnology; M.E.H. and K.V. received funding from the USDA, grant 2008-34488-19433; J.B. received funding from National Science Foundation grant DBI0423898, and S.C. received funding from the United Soybean Board. For soybean seeds, we thank Reid Palmer, Randall Nelson (USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection), and Perry Cregan. For BAC clones, we thank Xiaolei Wu and Scott Jackson. For use of plant culture facilities, we thank Zhanyuan Zhang. We thank Reid Palmer, Patrice Albert, Jeongmin Choi, Robert Gaeta, Christian Hans, Alexandre Berr, and members of the James Birchler and J. Chris Pires labs for helpful discussions; we also thank anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 76 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 13 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JUL PY 2010 VL 185 IS 3 BP 727 EP 744 DI 10.1534/genetics.109.113753 PG 18 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 651EE UT WOS:000281906800003 PM 20421607 ER PT J AU Okada, M Lanzatella, C Saha, MC Bouton, J Wu, RL Tobias, CM AF Okada, Miki Lanzatella, Christina Saha, Malay C. Bouton, Joe Wu, Rongling Tobias, Christian M. TI Complete Switchgrass Genetic Maps Reveal Subgenome Collinearity, Preferential Pairing and Multilocus Interactions SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID EST-SSR MARKERS; PANICUM-VIRGATUM L.; CHLOROPLAST DNA POLYMORPHISMS; CROSS-TAXA UTILITY; LOLIUM-PERENNE L; SEGREGATION DISTORTION; LINKAGE MAPS; SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY; POLYPLOID GENOMES; FOXTAIL MILLET AB Polyploidy is an important aspect of the evolution of flowering plants. The potential of gene copies to diverge and evolve new functions is influenced by meiotic behavior of chromosomes leading to segregation as a single locus or duplicated loci. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) linkage maps were constructed using a full-sib population of 238 plants and SSR and STS markers to access the degree of preferential pairing and the structure of the tetraploid genome and as a step toward identification of loci underlying biomass feedstock quality and yield. The male and female framework map lengths were 1645 and 1376 cM with 97% of the genome estimated to be within 10 cM of a mapped marker in both maps. Each map coalesced into 18 linkage groups arranged into nine homeologous pairs. Comparative analysis of each homology group to the diploid sorghum genome identified clear syntenic relationships and collinear tracts. The number of markers with PCR amplicons that mapped across subgenomes was significantly fewer than expected, suggesting substantial subgenome divergence, while both the ratio of coupling to repulsion phase linkages and pattern of marker segregation indicated complete or near complete disomic inheritance. The proportion of transmission ratio distorted markers was relatively low, but the male map was more extensively affected by distorted transmission ratios and multilocus interactions, associated with spurious linkages. C1 [Okada, Miki; Lanzatella, Christina; Tobias, Christian M.] USDA ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Saha, Malay C.; Bouton, Joe] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Forage Improvement Div, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. [Wu, Rongling] Penn State Univ Hosp, Div Biostat, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. RP Tobias, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM christian.tobias@ars.usda.gov RI Tobias, Christian/B-6602-2009 OI Tobias, Christian/0000-0002-7881-750X FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AI02-07ER64453]; U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) [CRIS 9235-21000-01300D]; National Program, Bioenergy [213/307] FX We thank Scott Sattler and Kenneth Vogel for critical reading of the manuscript. This research was supported by the Office of Science (B.E. R.), U.S. Department of Energy, Interagency Agreement No. DE-AI02-07ER64453 and by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), CRIS 9235-21000-01300D, National Program 213/307, Bioenergy. The USDA-ARS is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer, and all agency services are available without discrimination. Mention of commercial products and organizations in this manuscript is solely to provide specific information. It does not constitute endorsement by USDA-ARS over other products and organizations not mentioned. NR 86 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 21 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JUL PY 2010 VL 185 IS 3 BP 745 EP 760 DI 10.1534/genetics.110.113910 PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 651EE UT WOS:000281906800004 PM 20407132 ER PT J AU Eckert, AJ van Heerwaarden, J Wegrzyn, JL Nelson, CD Ross-Ibarra, J Gonzalez-Martinez, SC Neale, DB AF Eckert, Andrew J. van Heerwaarden, Joost Wegrzyn, Jill L. Nelson, C. Dana Ross-Ibarra, Jeffrey Gonzalez-Martinez, Santiago C. Neale, David. B. TI Patterns of Population Structure and Environmental Associations to Aridity Across the Range of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L., Pinaceae) SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; DROUGHT-STRESS-RESPONSE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CANDIDATE GENES; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; DIFFERING SELECTION AB Natural populations of forest trees exhibit striking phenotypic adaptations to diverse environmental gradients, thereby making them appealing subjects for the study of genes underlying ecologically relevant phenotypes. Here, we use a genome-wide data set of single nucleotide polymorphisms genotyped across 3059 functional genes to study patterns of population structure and identify loci associated with aridity across the natural range of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Overall patterns of population structure, as inferred using principal components and Bayesian cluster analyses, were consistent with three genetic clusters likely resulting from expansions out of Pleistocene refugia located in Mexico and Florida. A novel application of association analysis, which removes the confounding effects of shared ancestry on correlations between genetic and environmental variation, identified five loci correlated with aridity. These loci were primarily involved with abiotic stress response to temperature and drought. A unique set of 24 loci was identified as FST outliers on the basis of the genetic clusters identified previously and after accounting for expansions out of Pleistocene refugia. These loci were involved with a diversity of physiological processes. Identification of nonoverlapping sets of loci highlights the fundamental differences implicit in the use of either method and suggests a pluralistic, yet complementary, approach to the identification of genes underlying ecologically relevant phenotypes. C1 [van Heerwaarden, Joost; Wegrzyn, Jill L.; Ross-Ibarra, Jeffrey; Neale, David. B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Eckert, Andrew J.] Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Eckert, Andrew J.; Neale, David. B.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Nelson, C. Dana] US Dept Agr Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. [Gonzalez-Martinez, Santiago C.] Inst Nacl Invest & Tecnol Agr & Alimentaria, Ctr Forest Res, Forest Res Inst, Dept Forest Syst & Resources, Madrid 28040, Spain. [Neale, David. B.] USDA, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Neale, DB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dbneale@ucdavis.edu RI Ross-Ibarra, Jeffrey/D-7782-2011; Eckert, Andrew/E-4788-2011; Gonzalez-Martinez, Santiago C/H-2014-2012; van Heerwaarden, Joost/A-1424-2014; OI Ross-Ibarra, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1656-4954; Eckert, Andrew/0000-0002-6522-2646; Gonzalez-Martinez, Santiago C/0000-0002-4534-3766; van Heerwaarden, Joost/0000-0002-4959-3914; Wegrzyn, Jill/0000-0001-5923-0888 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0501763] FX We thank Sedley Josserand, Dennis Deemer, Craig Echt, Valerie Hipkins, Vanessa K. Rashbrook, Charles M. Nicolet, John D. Liechty, Benjamin N. Figueroa, and Gabriel G. Rosa for laboratory and bioinformatics support. We also thank Andrew Bower for advice on GIS-derived climate data, W. Patrick Cumbie and Barry Goldfarb for providing geographic information for sampled trees, and Aslam Mohamed for creating the linkage map. The manuscript was also much improved by critical and insightful comments made by two anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by a National Science Foundation (grant no. DBI-0501763). NR 104 TC 175 Z9 177 U1 6 U2 82 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JUL PY 2010 VL 185 IS 3 BP 969 EP 982 DI 10.1534/genetics.110.115543 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 651EE UT WOS:000281906800021 PM 20439779 ER PT J AU Hancock, JF Finn, CE Luby, JJ Dale, A Callow, PW Serce, S AF Hancock, James F. Finn, Chad E. Luby, James J. Dale, Adam Callow, Pete W. Serce, Sedat TI Reconstruction of the Strawberry, Fragaria xananassa, Using Genotypes of F. virginiana and F. chiloensis SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID APHIDS CHAETOSIPHON-FRAGAEFOLII; X-ANANASSA; OTIORHYNCHUS-SULCATUS; BEACH STRAWBERRY; WILD STRAWBERRY; NATIVE FRAGARIA; SOUTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; RESISTANCE; NORTH AB The germplasm base of strawberries is restricted. The major cultivated strawberry species, Fragaria xananassa, originated approximate to 250 years ago when South American F. chiloensis subsp. chiloensis forma chiloensis and North American F. virginiana subsp. virginiana accidentally hybridized in European gardens. Since that time, only a handful of native clones have been used by breeders. As a novel way to expand the germplasm base of the strawberry, we preselected native clones of F. virginiana and F. chiloensis for a wide range of horticulturally important characteristics and then reconstructed F. xananassa by crossing superior clones of each. Before crossing between species, we undertook one round of selection within species to maximize diversity. Reconstruction appeared to be an effective method of strawberry improvement, because superior families and individuals were identified that had outstanding vigor, high productivity, seed set, fruit color, and firmness. None of the fruit were of commercial size, but one reconstruction family, FVC 11 [(F. virginiana Frederick 9 x LH 50-4) x (F. chiloensis Scotts Creek x 2 MAR 1A)], had individuals with fruit weights of almost 20 g. C1 [Hancock, James F.; Callow, Pete W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Finn, Chad E.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Luby, James J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Dale, Adam] Univ Guelph, Dept Plant Agr, Simcoe, ON N3Y 4N5, Canada. [Serce, Sedat] Mustafa Kemal Univ, Dept Hort, TR-31034 Antakya, Hatay, Turkey. RP Hancock, JF (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, 342 Plant & Soil Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM hancock@msu.edu RI Serce, Sedat/D-4105-2013 OI Serce, Sedat/0000-0003-4584-2028 NR 53 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2010 VL 45 IS 7 BP 1006 EP 1013 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 627LM UT WOS:000280041000002 ER PT J AU Trueblood, CE Ranney, TG Lynch, NP Neal, JC Olsen, RT AF Trueblood, Clara E. Ranney, Thomas G. Lynch, Nathan P. Neal, Joseph C. Olsen, Richard T. TI Evaluating Fertility of Triploid Clones of Hypericum androsaemum L. for Use as Non-invasive Landscape Plants SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POLLEN-TUBE GROWTH; CHROMOSOMES; BLUEBERRY AB Although Hypericum androsaemum L. is a valuable landscape plant, the species can be weedy and potentially invasive in certain locations. Infertile, non-invasive cultivars of H. androsaemum with desirable ornamental features would be ecologically beneficial and valuable for the horticultural industry. The male and female fertility of 10 triploid H. androsaemum, developed with a combination of variegation and foliage colors, was investigated under greenhouse (controlled pollination) and field conditions (natural pollination). Male fertility was evaluated based on pollen viability tests (pollen staining and pollen germination). Female fertility was based on fruit set, seed set, germinative capacity of seeds, and number of seedlings produced for each flower. Although values for different measures of fertility varied among triploid clones, pollen germination was significantly reduced for all triploids and nine of the 10 triploids produced no viable seed. These results represent 100% failure of approximate to 171,000 potential fertilization events based on fertility levels of diploid controls. The remaining triploid clone produced two seedlings per flower compared with 260 seedlings per flower for the controls. However, the seedlings produced by the triploid clone died shortly after germination. This research documented that the triploid H. androsaemum tested are highly infertile with no measurable female fertility. These clones will provide ideal alternatives to fertile forms of H. androsaemum where invasiveness is a concern. These methods also provide a useful protocol for evaluating fertility of other taxa that are selected or developed as non-invasive cultivars of potentially weedy species. C1 [Trueblood, Clara E.; Ranney, Thomas G.; Lynch, Nathan P.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Mt Hort Crops Res & Extens Ctr, Mills River, NC 28759 USA. [Neal, Joseph C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Olsen, Richard T.] ARS, USDA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, Washington, DC 20002 USA. RP Ranney, TG (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Mt Hort Crops Res & Extens Ctr, 455 Res Dr, Mills River, NC 28759 USA. EM tom_ranney@ncsu.edu FU North Carolina Agricultural Research Service (NCARS), Raleigh, NC; U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative, Beltsville, MD FX This research was funded, in part, by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service (NCARS), Raleigh, NC, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative, Beltsville, MD. Support and guidance from Frank A. Blazich, Professor, North Carolina State University, along with technical assistance of Thomas Eaker, Joel Mowrey, Jeff Jones, and staff of the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research and Extension Center is greatly appreciated. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2010 VL 45 IS 7 BP 1026 EP 1028 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 627LM UT WOS:000280041000005 ER PT J AU Vinson, EL Woods, FM Kemble, JM Perkins-Veazie, P Davis, A Kessler, JR AF Vinson, Edgar L., III Woods, Floyd M. Kemble, Joseph M. Perkins-Veazie, Penelope Davis, Angela Kessler, J. Raymond TI Use of External Indicators to Predict Maturity of Mini-watermelon Fruit SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HIGH TUNNELS; CROP PRODUCTION; UNITED-STATES; CELL-SIZE; QUALITY; ACCUMULATION; SUGARS; CULTIVARS; TOMATO; COLOR AB Mini-watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.)] cultivars Valdoria and Vanessa were evaluated at 20, 30, 40, or 50 days after anthesis to determine maturity at harvest. Fruit circumference, weight, ground spot color, and number of senescent tendrils were measured as external indicators for each watermelon. Soluble solids content (SS), pH, and SS:total acid ratio (SS:TA) of each watermelon were determined to provide an indication of internal maturity. Regression and Akaike Information Criterion fit statistics analyses were performed to determine significant relationships and best predictors for external indicators of internal maturity factors. In this study, external predictors were most closely linked to fruit pH rather than to SS or SS/TA. Of the external indicators tested, fruit weight, circumference, number of senescent tendrils, and International Commission on illumination (CIE) b* color coordinate values of the ground spot were best related to fruit pH. According to the regression models, two completely senesced tendrils, a circumference of 53 cm, weight of 3 kg, and CIE b* coordinate ground spot value of 40 are each sufficient to predict maturity when pH is used as the internal indicator of maturity under the conditions of this experiment. C1 [Vinson, Edgar L., III; Woods, Floyd M.; Kemble, Joseph M.; Kessler, J. Raymond] Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Perkins-Veazie, Penelope] N Carolina State Univ, Kannapolis, NC 28081 USA. [Davis, Angela] ARS, USDA, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Vinson, EL (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, 101 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM vinsoed@auburn.edu FU Alabama Fruit, Nut and Vegetable Industries; Alabama Agricultural Land Grant Alliance FX This work was supported by the Alabama Fruit, Nut and Vegetable Industries and Alabama Agricultural Land Grant Alliance. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2010 VL 45 IS 7 BP 1034 EP 1037 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 627LM UT WOS:000280041000007 ER PT J AU Schultz, D Donahoo, RS Perez, FGM Tejeda, S Roberts, PD Deahl, KL AF Schultz, Diana Donahoo, Ryan S. Perez, Frances G. M. Tejeda, Sucel Roberts, Pamela D. Deahl, Kenneth L. TI A Survey of Tomato and Potato Fields in Florida Reveals Unique Genotypes of Phytophthora infestans between 2005 and 2007 SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CLONAL LINEAGES; CENTRAL MEXICO; UNITED-STATES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; METALAXYL RESISTANCE; PCR AMPLIFICATION; NORTH-CAROLINA; TOLUCA VALLEY; MATING TYPES; POPULATIONS AB Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, affects tomatoes and potatoes in Florida during the winter spring crop season. During the 2005 season, severe late blight epidemics were observed in Florida prompting our survey. Isolates from 2005 to 2007 were characterized phenotypically based on growth on three media, mating type, pathogenicity, and sensitivity to metalaxyl and genotypically based on two isozymes, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and genomic profiling using the RG57 probe. Isolates collected in this survey were all A2, mtDNA la, and either 100/100 (2005), or 100/122 (2006/2007) at the Gpi locus, and homozygous 100 at the Pep locus. Novel genotypes infecting tomato in Florida were observed based on the Gpi locus and RG57 genomic profile. We propose US-20 for the collection of clonal isolates recovered during the 2005 season and US-21 for clones recovered during 2006 and 2007. In addition to these novel genotypes recovered from tomato, one isolate was recovered from potato representing the US-8 clonal lineage. The findings of the survey in south Florida and their implications are presented. C1 [Donahoo, Ryan S.; Roberts, Pamela D.] Univ Florida, SW Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Immokalee, FL 34142 USA. [Perez, Frances G. M.; Deahl, Kenneth L.] ARS, USDA, PSI GIFVL, Barc W Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roberts, PD (reprint author), Univ Florida, SW Florida Res & Educ Ctr, 2685 SR 29 N, Immokalee, FL 34142 USA. EM pdr@ufl.edu NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2010 VL 45 IS 7 BP 1064 EP 1068 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 627LM UT WOS:000280041000012 ER PT J AU Crow, WT Wagner, W Naeimi, V AF Crow, Wade T. Wagner, Wolfgang Naeimi, Vahid TI The Impact of Radar Incidence Angle on Soil-Moisture-Retrieval Skill SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Data assimilation; radar; remote sensing; soil moisture ID ERS SCATTEROMETER AB The impact of measurement incidence angle (theta) on the accuracy of radar-based surface soil-moisture (Theta(s)) retrievals is largely unknown due to discrepancies in theoretical backscatter models as well as limitations in the availability of sufficiently extensive ground-based Theta(s) observations for validation. Here, we apply a data-assimilation-based evaluation technique for remotely sensed Theta(s) retrievals that does not require ground-based soil-moisture observations to examine the sensitivity of skill in surface Theta(s) retrievals to variations in theta. Past results with the evaluation approach have shown that it is capable of detecting relative variations in the anomaly correlation coefficient between remotely sensed Theta(s) retrievals and ground-truth soil-moisture measurements. Application of the evaluation approach to the Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien) European Remote Sensing (ERS) scatterometer Theta(s) data set over regional-scale (similar to 1000(2) km(2)) domains in the Southern Great Plains and southeastern (SE) regions of the U.S. indicate a relative reduction in correlation-based skill of 23% to 30% for Theta(s) retrievals obtained from far-field (theta > 50 degrees) ERS observations relative to Theta(s) estimates obtained at theta < 26 degrees. Such relatively modest sensitivity to. is consistent with Theta(s) retrieval noise predictions made using the TU-Wien ERS Water Retrieval Package 5 backscatter model. However, over moderate vegetation cover in the SE domain, the coupling of a bare soil backscatter model with a "vegetation water cloud" canopy model is shown to overestimate the impact of theta on Theta(s) retrieval skill. C1 [Crow, Wade T.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wagner, Wolfgang; Naeimi, Vahid] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RP Crow, WT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wade.crow@ars.usda.gov; ww@ipf.tuwien.ac.at; vnaeimi@ipf.tuwien.ac.at OI Wagner, Wolfgang/0000-0001-7704-6857 NR 24 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 7 IS 3 BP 501 EP 505 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2010.2040134 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 653JZ UT WOS:000282088300018 ER PT J AU Kandala, CV Sundaram, J AF Kandala, Chari V. Sundaram, Jaya TI Nondestructive Measurement of Moisture Content Using a Parallel-Plate Capacitance Sensor for Grain and Nuts SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Capacitance; corn; impedance analyzer; moisture content; parallel-plate electrodes; peanuts; phase angle ID IN-SHELL PEANUTS; RF IMPEDANCE METHOD; SINGLE KERNELS; CORN AB A simple, low-cost instrument that measures impedance and phase angle was used along with a parallel-plate capacitance system to estimate the moisture content (MC) of in-shell peanuts and yellow-dent field corn. Moisture content of the field crops is important and is measured at various stages of their processing and storage. A sample of about 150 g of in-shell peanuts or corn was placed separately between a set of parallel plate electrodes and the impedance and phase angle of the system were measured at frequencies 1 and 5 MHz. A semi-empirical equation was developed for peanuts and corn separately using the measured impedance and phase angle values, and the computed capacitance and the MC values obtained by standard air-oven method. The multilinear regression (MLR) method was used for the empirical equation development using an Unscrambler 9.7 data analyzer. In this paper, a low-cost impedance analyzer designed and assembled in our laboratory was used to measure the impedance and phase angles. MC values of corn samples in the moisture range of 7% to 18% and in-shell peanuts in the moisture range of 9% to 20%, not used in the calibration, were predicted by the equations and compared with their standard air-oven values. For over 96% of the samples tested from both crops, the predicted MC values were within 1% of the air-oven values. This method, being nondestructive and rapid, will have considerable application in the drying and storage processes for peanuts, corn, and similar field crops. C1 [Kandala, Chari V.; Sundaram, Jaya] ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, USDA, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. RP Kandala, CV (reprint author), ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, USDA, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM chari.kandala@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 10 IS 7 BP 1282 EP 1287 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2010.2041446 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 707TR UT WOS:000286311600004 ER PT J AU Qu, LP Widrlechner, MP Rigby, SM AF Qu, Luping Widrlechner, Mark P. Rigby, Shawn M. TI Analysis of breeding systems, ploidy, and the role of hexaploids in three Hypericum perforatum L. populations SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE St. John's wort; Flow cytometry; Ploidy; Hexaploid; Reproduction ID ST-JOHNS-WORT; GENETIC DIVERSITY; GENOME SIZE; APOMIXIS; IDENTIFICATION; REPRODUCTION; HYPERFORIN; EVOLUTION; BIOLOGY; AGENT AB Hexaploid seeds are produced by predominantly tetraploid populations of Hypericum perforatum, but the fate of hexaploid seedlings and their reproductive behavior have not been closely examined. We used flow cytometry to analyze single seeds and individual plant samples of three accessions of H. perforatum to determine ploidy levels and reproductive pathways. Seed samples of all three accessions were facultative apomicts, with tetraploid cytotype predominant (85-91%) and a lower frequency of hexaploids (9-14%), with diploids (5%) detected in only one population. Seedling populations consisted of tetraploids (87-97%) and hexaploids (3-13%). Hexaploid embryos are most likely generated by a 2n gamete of the tetraploid and fertilized by a normal, reduced tetraploid male gamete. These hexaploids are expected to produce unbalanced gametes because they possess chromosome complements that include two triploid sets originally derived from two different species. The observation that some tetraploid seeds had endosperm with high cellular DNA content indicates that some unbalanced male gametes produced by hexaploids were evidently viable and could effect fertilization. Whether this mechanism is also true for egg cells or whether the hexaploids are capable of producing unreduced embryo sacs is uncertain. Because of severe reproductive difficulties, hexaploid seedlings may play a very minor role in gene flow and the further evolution of H. perforatum. The likelihood that hexaploids will evolve to types with an increased frequency of bivalent paring in meiosis is relatively low. However, hexaploids may include novel chemotypes, which could be vegetatively propagated if valuable, medicinal types can be identified among them. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Qu, Luping; Widrlechner, Mark P.] Iowa State Univ, ARS, USDA, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Rigby, Shawn M.] Iowa State Univ, Flow Cytometty Facil, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Widrlechner, MP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, ARS, USDA, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mark.widrlechner@ars.usda.gov FU Hatch Act and State of Iowa funds; National Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine [P50AT004155 from the] FX The authors wish to thank Drs. Reid G. Palmer, James F. Hancock and Thomas Ranney for useful critiques of this manuscript. This journal paper of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa, Project No. 1018, was supported by Hatch Act and State of Iowa funds, and the research described herein was supported by Award Number P50AT004155 from the National Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine or the National Institutes of Health. Mention of commercial brand names does not constitute an endorsement of any product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or cooperating agencies. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 32 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.01.005 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 608LP UT WOS:000278585900001 PM 20448805 ER PT J AU Dickey, LC Kurantz, MJ Johnston, DB McAloon, AJ Moreau, RA AF Dickey, L. C. Kurantz, M. J. Johnston, D. B. McAloon, A. J. Moreau, R. A. TI Grinding and cooking dry-fractionated corn germ to optimize aqueous enzymatic oil extraction SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Corn germ; Oil-seed processing; Dry-fractionation; Foam separation AB The many recent dry-grind plants that convert corn to ethanol are potential sources of substantial amounts of corn oil. This report describes an aqueous enzymatic extraction method to separate oil from dry-fractionated corn germ. The method is an extension of a method previously developed for wet-mill germ. Oil dispersed in lipid bodies throughout the germ was converted to oil droplets suspended in an aqueous solution and then to drops of oil large enough to be separated from the solution as a continuous, buoyant phase (free oil). A microwave oven was used to cook the germ to its highest temperature, just short of burning. Thereafter the germ was extracted using the method developed for wet-mill germ: mix the heated germ with water and cook it under pressure, followed by colloid milling and enzymatic digestion of the milled germ particles overnight. A foam fraction was removed from the digested dispersion by bubbling nitrogen through a short column connected to a mixing tank. The foam fraction was then centrifuged to separate free oil. An estimate of aqueous enzymatic extraction plant costs to extract 24 million kg of dry-fractionated germ per year [40 million gal/year ethanol], showed that income from the unrefined oil streams and a stream sending the rest of the germ to the fermentation process was roughly equal to the estimated operating cost, with an investment of $2.6 million. Recycle of the enzyme may reduce the estimated enzyme cost of $750,000/year. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dickey, L. C.; Kurantz, M. J.; Johnston, D. B.; McAloon, A. J.; Moreau, R. A.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Dickey, LC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM leland.dickey@ars.usda.gov OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 32 IS 1 BP 36 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.02.014 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 608LP UT WOS:000278585900006 ER PT J AU Ramabu, SS Ueti, MW Brayton, KA Baszler, TV Palmer, GH AF Ramabu, Solomon S. Ueti, Massaro W. Brayton, Kelly A. Baszler, Timothy V. Palmer, Guy H. TI Identification of Anaplasma marginale Proteins Specifically Upregulated during Colonization of the Tick Vector SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LYME-DISEASE; CELL-CULTURE; SURFACE; TRANSMISSION; EHRLICHIA; GENOME AB The transition between infection of the mammalian host and colonization of an arthropod vector is required for the ongoing transmission of a broad array of pathogens, from viruses to protozoa. Understanding how this transition is mediated provides opportunities to disrupt transmission through either chemotherapy or immunization. We used an unbiased proteomic screen to identify Anaplasma marginale proteins specifically upregulated in the tick compared to the mammalian host. Comparative mass spectrometric analysis of proteins separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of uninfected and infected ISE6 cells and infected mammalian cells identified 15 proteins exclusively expressed or upregulated in tick cells. All 15 had originally been annotated as hypothetical proteins. We confirmed quantitative upregulation and expression in situ within the midgut epithelial and salivary gland acinar cells of vector ticks during successful transmission. The results support the hypothesis that A. marginale gene expression is regulated by the specific host environment and, in a broader context, that the core genome evolved in the arthropod vector with differential regulation, allowing adaptation to mammalian hosts. Furthermore, the confirmation of the in situ expression of candidates identified in ISE6 cell lines indicates that this approach may be widely applicable to bacteria in the genera Anaplasma and Ehrlichia, removing a major technical impediment to the identification of new targets for vaccine and chemotherapeutic blocking of transmission. C1 [Ramabu, Solomon S.; Brayton, Kelly A.; Baszler, Timothy V.; Palmer, Guy H.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Ramabu, Solomon S.; Brayton, Kelly A.; Baszler, Timothy V.; Palmer, Guy H.] Washington State Univ, Sch Global Anim Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Ueti, Massaro W.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Palmer, GH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM gpalmer@vetmed.wsu.edu FU National Institutes of Health [AI44005]; Wellcome Trust [GR075800M]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [5348-32000-027-00D/-01S, 35604-15440]; Botswana College of Agriculture FX This study was supported by National Institutes of Health grant AI44005, Wellcome Trust grant GR075800M, and U.S. Department of Agriculture grants ARS 5348-32000-027-00D/-01S and CSREES 35604-15440. S.S.R. was supported primarily by a scholarship from Botswana College of Agriculture, which is an associate institute of the University of Botswana. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 78 IS 7 BP 3047 EP 3052 DI 10.1128/IAI.00300-10 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 611PA UT WOS:000278830200016 PM 20439479 ER PT J AU Hermanson, JC Peyer, SM Johnson, JA AF Hermanson, J. C. Peyer, S. M. Johnson, J. A. TI Determination of Lift and Drag Coefficients of Zebra and Quagga Mussels using an Inverse Method SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 [Hermanson, J. C.; Peyer, S. M.; Johnson, J. A.] Univ Washington, Univ Wisconsin Madison, USFS Forest Prod Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jhermans@wisc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 50 SU 1 BP E73 EP E73 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 630TL UT WOS:000280297000292 ER PT J AU La, CS Zelditch, ML Shivik, JA Lundrigan, BA Holekamp, KE AF La, Croix S. Zelditch, M. L. Shivik, J. A. Lundrigan, B. A. Holekamp, K. E. TI Skull development, functional integration and feeding performance in a top North American carnivore, Canis latrans SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT USA. Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM lacroixs@msu.edu RI Holekamp, Kay/G-6054-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 50 SU 1 BP E95 EP E95 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 630TL UT WOS:000280297000379 ER PT J AU Peyer, SM Hermanson, JC Lee, CE AF Peyer, S. M. Hermanson, J. C. Lee, C. E. TI Morphology and the Mechanics of Zebra and Quagga Mussel Movement SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 [Peyer, S. M.; Hermanson, J. C.; Lee, C. E.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. EM smpeyer@wisc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 50 SU 1 BP E137 EP E137 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 630TL UT WOS:000280297000544 ER PT J AU Rowe, MF Bakken, GS Ratliff, J Langman, V AF Rowe, Michael F. Bakken, George S. Ratliff, Joey Langman, Vaughan TI Thermodynamics of Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) Locomotion: The Functional Significance of Heat Storage and Pinna Vasodilatation SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Indiana State Univ, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. Audubon Zoo, New Orleans, LA USA. USDA, APHIS, Washington, DC USA. EM mrowe6@indstate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 50 SU 1 BP E153 EP E153 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 630TL UT WOS:000280297000608 ER PT J AU Srygley, RB Lorch, PD AF Srygley, R. B. Lorch, P. D. TI Nutritional effects on migration and immunity: Mormon crickets in Nevada contrast sharply with a band in Utah SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 [Srygley, R. B.; Lorch, P. D.] Kent State Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Kent, OH USA. EM robert.srygley@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 50 SU 1 BP E167 EP E167 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 630TL UT WOS:000280297000665 ER PT J AU Ye, WP Chang, HL Wang, LS Huang, YW Shu, S Sugimoto, Y Dowd, MK Wan, PJ Lin, YC AF Ye, Weiping Chang, Hsiang-Lin Wang, Li-Shu Huang, Yi-Wen Shu, Sherry Sugimoto, Yasuro Dowd, Michael K. Wan, Peter J. Lin, Young C. TI Induction of apoptosis by (-)-gossypol-enriched cottonseed oil in human breast cancer cells SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; apoptosis; Bcl-2; gossypol ID GOSSYPOL-INDUCED APOPTOSIS; COLON-CARCINOMA CELLS; HUMAN PROSTATE-CANCER; BCL-2 OVEREXPRESSION; DOWN-REGULATION; TUMOR-CELLS; CYCLE ENTRY; IN-VITRO; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION AB Induction of apoptosis is one of the mechanisms of chemotherapeutic agents against breast cancer. In addition, recent studies have shown that diets containing polyphenolic components possess anticancer activities either in vitro or in vivo by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. The aim of our study was to explore the effects of (-)-gossypol-enriched cottonseed oil [(-)-GPCSO], a polyphenolic compound, on the proliferation of the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 as well as primary cultured human breast cancer epithelial cells (PCHBCEC). We investigated whether the mechanism of the effects of (-)-GPCSO was mediated via the induction of cell apoptosis and the regulation of Bcl-2 gene expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Our results showed that (-)-GPCSO inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 and PCHBCEC in a dose-dependent manner. (-)-GPCSO (0.1 and 0.2%) induced DNA fragmentation in both MCF-7 cells and PCHBCEC. (-)-GPCSO suppressed the expression of Bcl-2 at both the mRNA and protein levels in MCF-7 cells and PCHBCEC in a dose-dependent fashion. Our results suggest that the growth inhibitory effect of (-)-GPCSO on MCF-7 and PCHBCEC is due, at least partially, to the induction of cell apoptosis, which is mediated by down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. It might be possible for (-)-GPCSO to be developed as a novel chemotherapeutic agent for breast cancer patients. C1 [Ye, Weiping; Chang, Hsiang-Lin; Wang, Li-Shu; Huang, Yi-Wen; Shu, Sherry; Sugimoto, Yasuro; Lin, Young C.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Lab Reprod & Mol Endocrinol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Sugimoto, Yasuro; Lin, Young C.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio State Univ Comprehens Canc Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Dowd, Michael K.; Wan, Peter J.] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Lin, YC (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Lab Reprod & Mol Endocrinol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM lin.15@osu.edu RI Sugimoto, Yasuro/B-4004-2012 OI Sugimoto, Yasuro/0000-0002-5094-4347 FU Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research [DOD-DAMD 8140, DOD-DAMD 0319, DOD-DAMD 9341] FX We thank Dr Kathleen Hayes for reading the manuscript and the helpful comments; Dr Rikihisa and Dr Colitz for providing photodocumentation equipment. This study was supported by the Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program Grants: DOD-DAMD 8140, 0319 and 9341. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPANDIDOS PUBL LTD PI ATHENS PA POB 18179, ATHENS, 116 10, GREECE SN 1107-3756 J9 INT J MOL MED JI Int. J. Mol. Med. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 113 EP 119 DI 10.3892/ijmm_00000442 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 615JU UT WOS:000279132000016 PM 20514430 ER PT J AU Bryson, CT Krutz, LJ Ervin, GN Reddy, KN Byrd, JD AF Bryson, Charles T. Krutz, L. Jason Ervin, Gary N. Reddy, Krishna N. Byrd, John D., Jr. TI Ecotype Variability and Edaphic Characteristics for Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) Populations in Mississippi SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Morphology; ecotypic variability; edaphic characteristics; invasive weeds; soil characteristics ID SOIL; INVASION; GRASS; GERMINATION; GROWTH; ASIA; USA AB Cogongrass is a highly invasive, perennial grass that is found on all continents, except Antarctica. It continues to spread at an alarming rate in the southeastern United States. Cogongrass has been reported from a wide array of habitats; however, soils from areas where cogongrass grows have never been characterized. Live cogongrass plants, herbarium specimens, and soil samples were collected from 53 cogongrass populations from across the 10 physiographic regions and land use areas in Mississippi. Cogongrass leaf and inflorescence morphology varied among sites, and plants were found in soils varying widely in texture (ranging from 28 to 86% sand, 3 to 48% silt, and 6 to 43% clay), organic matter content (ranging from 0.9 to 5.0%), pH (ranging from 4.4 to 8.0), and nutrient status: 6 to 190 kg ha(-1) (15 to 470 lb A(-1)) of phosphorus (P), 46 to 734 kg ha(-1) of potassium (K), 150 to 7,620 kg ha(-1) of calcium (Ca), 26 to 1,090 kg ha(-1) of magnesium (Mg), 1 to 190 kg ha(-1) of zinc (Zn), 145 to 800 kg ha(-1) of estimated sulfur (S) based on organic matter, and 57 to 300 kg ha(-1) of sodium (Na). These soil parameters were highly variable among cogongrass populations, even within physiographic regions or land use areas, and encompassed much of the soil physiochemical diversity within the state. Soil characteristics were significantly correlated with leaf length (Ca, K, Mg, P, Zn, and percentage of sand and silt), leaf width (Ca, P, Mg, and percentage of sand and silt), the leaf length-to-width ratio (K and P), inflorescence length (Na, P, and pH), inflorescence width (S, organic matter, and pH), and the inflorescence length-to-width ratio (S and organic matter). These data indicate that cogongrass is able to establish, emerge, grow, and reproduce on a wide array of soils in Mississippi. This ability provides cogongrass an advantage over other plant species that are more limited in the soil types that support their growth. C1 [Bryson, Charles T.; Krutz, L. Jason; Reddy, Krishna N.] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Byrd, John D., Jr.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Ervin, Gary N.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Bryson, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM cbryson@ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 16 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 3 IS 3 BP 199 EP 207 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-09-00029.1 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 778ME UT WOS:000291707600001 ER PT J AU James, JJ Smith, BS Vasquez, EA Sheley, RL AF James, Jeremy J. Smith, Brenda S. Vasquez, Edward A. Sheley, Roger L. TI Principles for Ecologically Based Invasive Plant Management SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem repair; land management; planning; restoration; succession ID RELATIVE GROWTH-RATE; RESTORATION ECOLOGY; GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS; SPECIES COMPOSITION; RESOURCE-USE; LEAF-AREA; DIVERSITY; NITROGEN; COMMUNITIES; SEED AB Land managers have long identified a critical need for a practical and effective framework for designing restoration strategies, especially where invasive plants dominate. A holistic, ecologically based, invasive plant management (EBIPM) framework that integrates ecosystem health assessment, knowledge of ecological processes, and adaptive management into a successional management model has recently been proposed. However, well-defined principles that link ecological processes that need to be repaired to tools and strategies available to managers have been slow to emerge, thus greatly limiting the ability of managers to easily apply EBIPM across a range of restoration scenarios. The broad objective of this article is to synthesize current knowledge of the mechanisms and processes that drive plant community succession into ecological principles for EBIPM. Using the core concepts of successional management that identify site availability, species availability, and species performance as three general drivers of plant community change, we detail key principles that link management tools used in EBIPM to the ecological processes predicted to influence the three general causes of succession. Although we acknowledge that identification of principles in ecology has greatly lagged behind other fields and recognize that identification of ecological principles and the conditions in which they hold are still being developed, we demonstrate how current knowledge and future advances can be used to structure a holistic EBIPM framework that can be applied across a range of restoration scenarios. C1 [James, Jeremy J.; Smith, Brenda S.; Vasquez, Edward A.; Sheley, Roger L.] USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP James, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM jeremy.james@oregonstate.edu NR 95 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 28 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 3 IS 3 BP 229 EP 239 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-09-00027.1 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 778ME UT WOS:000291707600004 ER PT J AU Bryson, CT Carter, R AF Bryson, Charles T. Carter, Richard TI Spread, Growth Parameters and Reproductive Potential for Brown Flatsedge (Cyperus fuscus) SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Invasive weed; ecological range; growth parameters; reproductive potential AB Brown flatsedge (Cyperus fuscus) is widely distributed in Europe, Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and the Mediterranean region of Northern Africa. It was apparently introduced into North America in the late 1800s and has steadily moved southward and westward. Brown flatsedge is reported new to Arkansas and Mississippi herewith. Field observations from early spring until frost were made between 2003 and 2007 from populations present at three sites: Chicot County, Arkansas, and Pearl River and Washington counties, Mississippi. Under natural field conditions, brown flatsedge plants germinated from late March and early April until frost. Inflorescences were observed in mid-May and seed production continued until frost. In field populations, the average numbers of scales per spikelet, inflorescences per plant, and spikelets per inflorescence were 15, 28, and 33, respectively. Greenhouse experiments were established in 2008 at Stoneville, MS, to determine growth parameters and the reproductive potential of brown flatsedge. In greenhouse experiments, by 10 wk after emergence (WAE), brown flatsedge plants were 30.2 cm tall and 63.9 cm in diameter, and dry weights were 1.4, 1.0, 2.0, 0.5, and 1.9 g for roots, culms, leaves, bracts, and inflorescences, respectively. Brown flatsedge culms and inflorescences appeared 5 WAE, and by 9 WAE all plants were producing seed. Brown flatsedge could pose a threat to natural plant communities and rice agriculture in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Tennessee, and Texas. Additional research is needed to determine seed longevity and ecological range potential, and to develop inexpensive and effective control methods. C1 [Bryson, Charles T.] USDA ARS, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Valdosta State Univ, Dept Biol, Herbarium, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA. RP Bryson, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM charles.bryson@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 3 IS 3 BP 240 EP 245 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-09-00037.1 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 778ME UT WOS:000291707600005 ER PT J AU Conn, JS Stockdale, CA Werdin-Pfisterer, NR Morgan, JC AF Conn, Jeffery S. Stockdale, Casie A. Werdin-Pfisterer, Nancy R. Morgan, Jenny C. TI Characterizing Pathways of Invasive Plant Spread to Alaska: II. Propagules from Imported Hay and Straw SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT; DISPERSAL; TRAILS; WEEDS AB The extent and nature of spread of exotic plant species to and within Alaska by shipment of hay and straw was studied. The amounts of hay and straw imported into Alaska and the amounts and types of seed in imported and locally produced hay and straw was determined We purchased alfalfa hay, wheat straw, ryegrass straw, and timothy hay produced in Washington and Oregon (WA-OR) and locally produced straw and hay. The hay and straw were shaken over screens, and the remaining fines were mixed with sterile potting soil and incubated in the greenhouse. Forty-nine plant species were identified from hay and straw, nine of which are ranked as invasive in Alaska, including downy brome, foxtail barley, hare barley, narrowleaf hawksbeard, and quackgrass-a prohibited weed in Alaska. The number of seeds ranged from 0 to 6,205 seeds kg(-1), with an average of 585 seeds kg(-1), and the number of species ranged from 0 to 12, with an average of 4.2 species per bale. Crop seed comprised a large proportion of the germinated seeds in ryegrass straw, wheat straw, and timothy/brome hay (98, 78, and 62%, respectively), but was less prevalent (ranging from 0 to 38%) in the other three hay and straw crop types. Hay and straw from Alaska contained more total seeds and species than hay and straw from WA-OR, but the difference was not significant when only weed seed was used in the analysis. Alaska-grown timothy/brome hay contained significantly more total seed than alfalfa hay and wheat straw from WA-OR and Alaska-grown barley straw. The grower or distributor of the hay and straw also influenced the number of seeds and species among some crop types. Results of this study document that large numbers of alien plant species are transported by movements of hay and straw into and within Alaska. C1 [Conn, Jeffery S.; Stockdale, Casie A.; Werdin-Pfisterer, Nancy R.; Morgan, Jenny C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA, ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Conn, JS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA, ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, 360 ONeill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jeff.conn@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Forest Service State and Private Forestry FX We thank U.S. Forest Service State and Private Forestry for helping to fund this research. Michael Shephard helped shape the study design. Kate Beattie identified some of the plant specimens. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 3 IS 3 BP 276 EP 285 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-09-00041.1 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 778ME UT WOS:000291707600010 ER PT J AU Simon, R Xie, CH Clausen, A Jansky, SH Halterman, D Conner, T Knapp, S Brundage, J Symon, D Spooner, D AF Simon, Reinhard Xie, Conghua H. Clausen, Andrea Jansky, Shelley H. Halterman, Dennis Conner, Tony Knapp, Sandra Brundage, Jennifer Symon, David Spooner, David TI Wild and Cultivated Potato (Solanum sect. Petota) Escaped and Persistent Outside of its Natural Range SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Invasive species; Maxent; predictive habitat modeling ID LEPTINE GLYCOALKALOIDS; VERTICILLIUM WILT; RESISTANCE GENE; CHACOENSE; HYBRIDS; PROGENIES; IDENTIFICATION; ENHANCEMENT; SEGREGATION; POLYPLOIDY AB Wild potato contains about 100 species that are native to the Americas from the southwestern United States to central Chile and adjacent Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and southern Brazil. We report the occurrence of naturalized populations of the wild potato Solanum chacoense in seven sites in southern Australia, eastern China, England, New Zealand, the eastern United States, central Peru, and east-central Argentina. Modeling similar climatic niches on the basis of the distribution of S. chacoense from South America shows that observations of naturalized S. chacoense overlap with predicted areas. A literature review reveals that although S. chacoense possesses traits typical of an invasive species, all populations presently appear to be contained near their site of introduction. C1 [Jansky, Shelley H.; Spooner, David] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Simon, Reinhard] Int Potato Ctr, Lima 12, Peru. [Xie, Conghua H.] Huazhong Agr Univ, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. [Clausen, Andrea] INTA, Estac Expt Agr, RA-7620 Balcarce, Argentina. [Halterman, Dennis] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Conner, Tony] New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Knapp, Sandra] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Bot, London SW7 5BD, England. [Brundage, Jennifer] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Symon, David] State Herbarium S Australia, Plant Biodivers Ctr, Kent Town, SA 5071, Australia. RP Spooner, D (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM david.spooner@ars.usda.gov RI Knapp, Sandra/A-4856-2011; OI Knapp, Sandra/0000-0001-7698-3945; Simon, Reinhard/0000-0002-4608-9077 FU NSF [NSF DEB 0316614] FX We thank Robert Lamberts for the supplemental photos of S. chacoense in New Zealand and the NSF Planetary Biodiversity Inventory program for financial support to David Spooner and Sandra Knapp (NSF DEB 0316614 "PBI Solanum: a world-wide treatment" (http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/solanaceaesource//). This article reports the results of research only. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 65 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 3 IS 3 BP 286 EP 293 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-09-00043.1 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 778ME UT WOS:000291707600011 ER PT J AU Sheley, RL James, J AF Sheley, Roger L. James, Jeremy TI Resistance of Native Plant Functional Groups to Invasion by Medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae) SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Weed management; invasive plant; weed ecology; prevention; restoration ID COMMUNITY INVASIBILITY; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; GREAT-BASIN; GRASSLAND; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT; DISPERSAL; RANGELAND; FRAMEWORK AB Understanding the relative importance of various functional groups in minimizing invasion by medusahead is central to increasing the resistance of native plant communities. The objective of this study was to determine the relative importance of key functional groups within an intact Wyoming big sagebrush-bluebunch wheatgrass community type on minimizing medusahead invasion. Treatments consisted of removal of seven functional groups at each of two sites, one with shrubs and one without shrubs. Removal treatments included (1) everything, (2) shrubs, (3) perennial grasses, (4) taprooted forbs, (5) rhizomatous forbs, (6) annual forbs, and (7) mosses. A control where nothing was removed was also established. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications (blocks) at each site. Functional groups were removed beginning in the spring of 2004 and maintained monthly throughout each growing season through 2009. Medusahead was seeded at a rate of 2,000 seeds m(-2) (186 seeds ft(-2)) in fall 2005. Removing perennial grasses nearly doubled medusahead density and biomass compared with any other removal treatment. The second highest density and biomass of medusahead occurred from removing rhizomatous forbs (phlox). We found perennial grasses played a relatively more significant role than other species in minimizing invasion by medusahead. We suggest that the most effective basis for establishing medusahead-resistant plant communities is to establish 2 or 3 highly productive grasses that are complementary in niche and that overlap that of the invading species. C1 [Sheley, Roger L.; James, Jeremy] USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Sheley, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM roger.sheley@oregonstate.edu NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 24 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 3 IS 3 BP 294 EP 300 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-09-00056.1 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 778ME UT WOS:000291707600012 ER PT J AU Mikailsoy, F Pachepsky, Y AF Mikailsoy, Fariz Pachepsky, Yakov TI Average concentration of soluble salts in leached soils inferred from the convective-dispersive equation SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SALINITY; COLUMNS; WATER AB The convective-dispersive, or advective-dispersive, equation (CDE) has long been the model of choice for solute transport in soils. Using the average concentration of soluble salts in soil profile to evaluate changes in salinity due to irrigation can be beneficial when spatial variability of soil salinity at selected depths is larger than spatial variability of soil salinity in the layer encompassing these depths, and when soil salinity is evaluated with electric conductivity measurements that give layer-average rather than depth-specific salinity values. The objective of this work was to present analytical solutions of the CDE that express the average soluble salt content in soil profile as the function of time, water flux, and solute dispersion parameter. The solutions were developed for both semiinfinite and finite domain and implemented in a computer code. Examples are presented of using these solutions to develop a nomogram for the dispersion coefficient estimation and to evaluate the applicability of the semiinfinite domain solution to soil monolith leaching experiments. In cases when the CDE application is justified, the analysis of the salt leaching based on the average salt concentrations in soil profile provides estimates of the effective salt dispersion parameter useful in land evaluation and soil reclamation. C1 [Mikailsoy, Fariz] Selcuk Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fac Agr, TR-42031 Konya, Turkey. [Pachepsky, Yakov] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Mikailsoy, F (reprint author), Selcuk Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fac Agr, TR-42031 Konya, Turkey. EM farizmikayilov@selcuk.edu.tr OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 FU Celcuk University, Konya, Turkey; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) FX This work has been supported by the "Scientific Research Projects-BAP'' program of the Celcuk University, Konya, Turkey, and The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK). NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-7188 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 28 IS 5 BP 431 EP 434 DI 10.1007/s00271-009-0203-y PG 4 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 609UT UT WOS:000278683600006 ER PT J AU Moore, DA Kohrs, P Baszler, T Faux, C Sathre, P Wenz, JR Eldridge, L Li, H AF Moore, Dale A. Kohrs, Paul Baszler, Timothy Faux, Cynthia Sathre, Peter Wenz, John R. Eldridge, Leonard Li, Hong TI Outbreak of malignant catarrhal fever among cattle associated with a state livestock exhibition SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BISON BISON-BISON; OVINE HERPESVIRUS-2; NASAL SECRETIONS; DAIRY-CATTLE; SHEEP; FEEDLOT; INFECTIONS; VIRUS; ASSAY; FAIR AB Case Description-Severe disease and death were identified in cattle exhibited at a state fair that were naturally infected with ovine herpesvirus type 2 (OvHV-2). Clinical Findings-Most affected cattle had anorexia, signs of depression, diarrhea, fever, and respiratory distress ultimately leading to death. Mean duration of clinical signs prior to death was 6 days (range, 1 to 26 days). Mean number of days between apparent exposure and death was 71 days (range, 46 to 139 days). Treatment and Outcomes-19 of 132 cattle cohoused in 1 barn died of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF). The diagnosis of sheep-associated MCF was confirmed on the basis of results of an OvHV-2-specific FOR assay performed on tissue samples obtained from affected cattle. The disease was associated but not significantly with distance from the center of the barn and was not associated with distance from the center of the sheep pens. Clinical Relevance-Outbreaks of MCF in cattle are unusual, particularly in association with livestock exhibitions. Because the clinical signs may be similar to those of some transboundary diseases, cases of MCF should be reported and investigated. Findings for this outbreak provided evidence to suggest that fair boards and veterinarians should reexamine biosecurity recommendations for livestock exhibitions. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010;237:87-92) C1 [Moore, Dale A.; Wenz, John R.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Baszler, Timothy] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Kohrs, Paul; Faux, Cynthia; Eldridge, Leonard] Washington State Dept Agr, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [Sathre, Peter] Plateau Vet, Enumclaw, WA 98022 USA. [Li, Hong] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Moore, DA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM damoore@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 237 IS 1 BP 87 EP 92 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 615EN UT WOS:000279116400030 PM 20590500 ER PT J AU Hirsch, CH Diehr, P Newman, AB Gerrior, SA Pratt, C Lebowitz, MD Jackson, SA AF Hirsch, Calvin H. Diehr, Paula Newman, Anne B. Gerrior, Shirley A. Pratt, Charlotte Lebowitz, Michael D. Jackson, Sharon A. TI Physical Activity and Years of Healthy Life in Older Adults: Results From the Cardiovascular Health Study SO JOURNAL OF AGING AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE aging; exercise; mortality; health status; activities of daily living ID SELF-RATED HEALTH; HARVARD ALUMNI HEALTH; FUNCTIONAL ABILITY; MORTALITY; DISABILITY; EXPECTANCY; EXERCISE; WOMEN; PREDICTORS; DISEASE AB Little is known about how many years of life and disability-free years seniors can gain through exercise. Using data from the Cardiovascular Health Study, the authors estimated the extra years of life and self-reported healthy life (over 11 years) and years without impairment in activities of daily living (over 6 years) associated with quintiles of physical activity (PA) in older adults from different age groups. They estimated PA from the Minnesota Leisure Time Activities Questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression adjusted for health-related covariates. The relative gains in survival and years of healthy life (YHL) generally were proportionate to the amount of PA, greater among those 75+, and higher in men. Compared with being sedentary, the most active men 75+ had 1.49 more YHL (95% CI: 0.79, 2.19), and the most active women 75+ had 1.06 more YHL (95% CI: 0.44, 1.68). Seniors over age 74 experience the largest relative gains in survival and healthy life from physical activity. C1 [Hirsch, Calvin H.] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Hirsch, Calvin H.] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Diehr, Paula] Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Newman, Anne B.] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Gerrior, Shirley A.] Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Pratt, Charlotte] NHLBI, Div Epidemiol & Clin Applicat, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Lebowitz, Michael D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Med, Tucson, AZ USA. [Lebowitz, Michael D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Jackson, Sharon A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hirsch, CH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RI Kim, Hyung Woo /G-7525-2011; Newman, Anne/C-6408-2013 OI Newman, Anne/0000-0002-0106-1150 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [N01-HC-35129, N01-HC-45133, N01-HC-75150, N01-HC-85079, N01-HC-85086, N01 HC-15103, N01 HC-55222, U01 HL080295]; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke FX Presented, in part, at the American Geriatrics Society Annual Meeting, May 2007. A full list of participating CHS investigators and institutions can be found at http://www.chs-nhlbi.org. Financial Disclosures: None reported. Funding/Support: The research reported in this article was supported by contracts N01-HC-35129, N01-HC-45133, N01-HC-75150, N01-HC-85079 through N01-HC-85086, N01 HC-15103, N01 HC-55222, and U01 HL080295 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, with additional contribution from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. NR 48 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, PO BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1063-8652 J9 J AGING PHYS ACTIV JI J. Aging Phys. Act. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 18 IS 3 BP 313 EP 334 PG 22 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology; Sport Sciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Sport Sciences GA 614JI UT WOS:000279052900005 PM 20651417 ER PT J AU Pantoja, J Vallejo, B Acosta, J AF Pantoja, Jose Vallejo, Bernardo Acosta, Jose TI Bovine paratuberculosis in Puerto Rican dairy herds and its association with selected performance parameters SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article DE paratuberculosis; ELISA; prevalence; milk production ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MILK-PRODUCTION; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; COWS AB A random sample of herds and cows within herds was used to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection in Puerto Rico. The sample included only adult lactating or non-lactating animals on the sampling date. The number of samples per herd varied from 25 to 150, according to herd size (25 in herds with fewer than 150 cows or 25% of the larger herds) for a total of 2,053 cows in 28 herds. All adult animals (241) of the two herds of the University of Puerto Rico were sampled in order to compare the prevalence of MAP in these herds relative to the prevalence in the herds where only a sample of the animals was evaluated. The diagnosis of MAP was based on the ELISA serologic test of blood samples, according to the manufacturer's instructions, and the results were categorized as positive or negative. On the basis of the serologic test, the prevalence of MAP in herds and cows was 96.00 and 5.77%, respectively. No difference in the latter criterion was detected between the herds in which all the adult animals were tested and those where only 25% of the animals were tested (5.39 vs. 5.87%, respectively). The cows with positive ELISA test for MAP had numerically lower daily milk yield (17.64 kg) and yield adjusted to 305 days (5,489 kg), and significantly higher somatic cell counts (1,262,000 cells per milliliter) than those negative to the test (with respective values of 18.33 and 5,894 kg and 288,000 cells per milliliter) C1 [Pantoja, Jose; Vallejo, Bernardo] Univ Puerto Rico, Coll Agr Sci, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Acosta, Jose] USDA, Vet Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Pantoja, J (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Coll Agr Sci, Mayaguez Campus, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PI RIO PIEDRAS PA PO BOX 21360, RIO PIEDRAS, PUERTO RICO 00927 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JUL-OCT PY 2010 VL 94 IS 3-4 BP 247 EP 254 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 793VH UT WOS:000292851500004 ER PT J AU Serrato-Diaz, LM Ricera-Vargas, LI Goenaga, R AF Serrato-Diaz, Luz M. Ricera-Vargas, Lydia I. Goenaga, Ricardo TI FIRST REPORT OF SOOTY MOLD OF LONGAN (DIMOCARPUS LONGAN L.) CAUSED BY TRIPOSPERMUM POROSPORIFERUM MATSUSHIMA AND T. VARIABILE MATSUSHIMA IN PUERTO RICO SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article C1 [Serrato-Diaz, Luz M.; Ricera-Vargas, Lydia I.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Crops & Agroenvironm Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Goenaga, Ricardo] USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Serrato-Diaz, LM (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Crops & Agroenvironm Sci, POB 9000, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PI RIO PIEDRAS PA PO BOX 21360, RIO PIEDRAS, PUERTO RICO 00927 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JUL-OCT PY 2010 VL 94 IS 3-4 BP 285 EP 287 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 793VH UT WOS:000292851500009 ER PT J AU Sailors, MH Jackson, AS McFarlin, BK Turpin, I Ellis, KJ Foreyt, JP Hoelscher, DM Bray, MS AF Sailors, Mary H. Jackson, Andrew S. McFarlin, Brian K. Turpin, Ian Ellis, Kenneth J. Foreyt, John P. Hoelscher, Deanna M. Bray, Molly S. TI Exposing College Students to Exercise: The Training Interventions and Genetics of Exercise Response (TIGER) Study SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH LA English DT Article DE adherence; exercise intervention; obesity ID PREDICTING BODY DENSITY; GENERALIZED EQUATIONS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; OVERWEIGHT WOMEN; AEROBIC CAPACITY; ADHERENCE; WEIGHT; MEN; INTERMITTENT; INTENSITY AB Objective: The Training Interventions and Genetics of Exercise Response (TIGER) study is an exercise program designed to introduce sedentary college students to regular physical activity and to identify genetic factors that influence response to exercise. Participants: A multiracial/ethnic cohort (N = 1,567; 39% male), age 18 to 35 years, participated in the study. Methods: Subjects underwent 30 weeks of exercise training, 3 days/week, for 40 minutes at 65% to 85% of age- and gender-predicted maximum heart rate reserve. Multiple measures of body size/composition, heart rate, and blood pressure were obtained. Results: A total of 1,567 participants, (39% male), age 18 to 35 years, participated in the TIGER study. The prevalence of overweight/obesity in participants was 48.0%/19.3% in non-Hispanic Whites, 55.3%/24.2% in Hispanic Whites, 54.9%/25.4% in African Americans, and 38.3%/11.3% in Asians. Average within-semester retention was 68%, but overall retention (30 weeks, 2 semesters) was 20%. Conclusions: The TIGER study represents an efficacious strategy for introducing college-aged individuals to regular aerobic exercise. C1 [Bray, Molly S.] Univ Alabama, Dept Epidemiol, Illumina Core Lab, Hellfin Ctr Genom Sci, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Sailors, Mary H.; Ellis, Kenneth J.; Foreyt, John P.; Bray, Molly S.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Jackson, Andrew S.; McFarlin, Brian K.] Univ Houston, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, Houston, TX USA. [Hoelscher, Deanna M.] Univ Texas Austin, Sch Publ Hlth, Michael & Susan Dell Ctr Advancement Healthy Livi, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Bray, MS (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Epidemiol, Illumina Core Lab, Hellfin Ctr Genom Sci, 1530 3rd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM mbray@uab.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK062148, R01 DK062148, R01 DK062148-06] NR 30 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0744-8481 J9 J AM COLL HEALTH JI J. Am. Coll. Health PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 59 IS 1 BP 13 EP 20 PG 8 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 638WW UT WOS:000280930200003 PM 20670924 ER PT J AU Atkins, JA Smith, MF Wells, KJ Geary, TW AF Atkins, J. A. Smith, M. F. Wells, K. J. Geary, T. W. TI Factors affecting preovulatory follicle diameter and ovulation rate after gonadotropin-releasing hormone in postpartum beef cows. Part I: Cycling cows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; estradiol; follicle diameter; follicle growth; ovulation rate; progesterone ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; ESTROUS-CYCLE; PREGNANCY RATE; CATTLE; SIZE; PROGESTERONE; INSEMINATION; GROWTH; ESTRUS; SYNCHRONIZATION AB Cows induced to ovulate small dominant follicles were reported to have reduced pregnancy rates compared with cows that ovulated large follicles. The reason for the presence of small dominant follicles at the time of GnRH-induced ovulation in timed AI protocols is unknown. The objectives of this experiment were to examine the role of day of the estrous cycle at initiation of treatment on ovulation after the first GnRH injection (GnRH1) and associated effects on growth rate and final size of the ovulatory follicle at the second GnRH injection (GnRH2), serum concentrations of estradiol at GnRH2, and subsequent luteal concentrations of progesterone in suckled beef cows. Estrous cycles of cows were manipulated to be at 1 of 5 specific days of the cycle (d 2, 5, 9, 13, and 18, d 0 - estrus; n - 12 per treatment group) at the beginning of the CO-Synch protocol (GnRH1 on d -9, PGF(2 alpha) on d -2, and GnRH2 on d 0). Day of the estrous cycle at GnRH1 did not affect the size of the preovulatory follicle or the proportion of cows ovulating at GnRH2 (P - 0.65 and 0.21, respectively). When all cows were included in the analysis, cows that ovulated after GnRH1 had similar follicle size at GnRH2 compared with cows that did not ovulate after GnRH1 (11.4 and 10.4 mm, respectively; P - 0.23). When only cows that could ovulate after GnRH1 (excluding cows treated on d 2) were included in the analysis, cows that ovulated to GnRH1 had a larger follicle at GnRH2 than cows that did not ovulate after GnRH1 (11.4 and 9.5 mm, respectively; P - 0.04). Follicle growth from d -5 to 0 was similar between cows that ovulated after GnRH1 and cows that did not (1.01 vs. 0.89 mm/d, respectively; P - 0.75). There was a tendency for faster follicle growth rate in cows that ovulated a large follicle (>11 mm) compared with cows that ovulated a small follicle (<= 11 mm; 1.01 vs. 0.86 mm/d, respectively; P - 0.07). Serum concentrations of estradiol at GnRH2 and progesterone after ovulation were reduced in cows that ovulated small follicles compared with cows that ovulated large follicles (P - 0.006 and 0.005, respectively). In summary, day of the estrous cycle at initiation of synchronization did not affect ovulatory follicle size, but follicle growth rates affected the size of the follicle at GnRH2. Cows that ovulated a small follicle had reduced serum concentrations of estradiol at GnRH2 and progesterone after ovulation. C1 [Geary, T. W.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Atkins, J. A.; Smith, M. F.; Wells, K. J.] Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Geary, TW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM Tom.Geary@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (Washington, DC) [2006-35203-17284]; Teva Animal Health (St. Joseph, MO; Pfizer Animal Health (New York, NY) FX This project was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant No. 2006-35203-17284 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (Washington, DC). Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by USDA, Montana Agriculture Experiment Station (Bozeman), or the authors and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. The USDA, ARS, Northern Plains Area, is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. All agency services are avail-able without discrimination. The authors acknowledge Teva Animal Health (St. Joseph, MO) and Pfizer Animal Health (New York, NY) for their support of this research. NR 23 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 88 IS 7 BP 2300 EP 2310 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-2531 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 611GU UT WOS:000278801300008 PM 20228240 ER PT J AU Atkins, JA Smith, MF Wells, KJ Geary, TW AF Atkins, J. A. Smith, M. F. Wells, K. J. Geary, T. W. TI Factors affecting preovulatory follicle diameter and ovulation rate after gonadotropin-releasing hormone in postpartum beef cows. Part II: Anestrous cows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE anestrus; beef cattle; estradiol; follicle diameter; follicle growth; ovulation rate ID ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION PROTOCOL; INTRAVAGINAL PROGESTERONE INSERT; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; ESTROUS-CYCLE; DAIRY HEIFERS; STIMULATING-HORMONE; STANDING ESTRUS; CORPORA-LUTEA; UTERINE PH; PROSTAGLANDIN-F2-ALPHA AB There is large variation in dominant follicle diameter at the time of GnRH-induced ovulation in the CO-Synch protocol [a first GnRH injection on d -9 (GnRH1), followed by PGF(2 alpha) on d -2, and a second GnRH injection (GnRH2) with timed AI on d 0], and the reason for the presence of small dominant follicles at GnRH2 is not known. Our hypothesis was that ovulatory response to GnRH1 and progesterone exposure [controlled intravaginal drug-releasing insert (CIDR; EAZI-Breed, Pfizer Animal Health, New York, NY)] would affect ovulatory follicle size at GnRH2 in anestrous cows. This study used a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments in which anestrous suckled beef cows (n - 55) either ovulated (Ov1+) or failed to ovulate (Ov1-) after GnRH1 and either received (CIDR+) or did not receive (CIDR-) a 7-d CIDR treatment (from GnRH1 to PGF(2 alpha)), resulting in the following treatment groups: Ov1+ CIDR+, Ov1-CIDR+, Ov1+ CIDR-, and Ov1-CIDR- (n - 9, 17, 11, and 18, respectively). The Ov1+ cows had larger follicles at GnRH2 (12.3 vs. 11.0 mm; P - 0.04), a decreased proportion of small follicles within cows that ovulated to GnRH2 (2/16 vs. 14/23; P - 0.003), and a similar growth rate of the ovulatory follicle from d -5 to 0 (d 0 - GnRH2; 1.1 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.07 mm/d; P - 0.99) compared with Ov1-cows. Administration of a CIDR had no effect on follicle diameter at GnRH2 (11.8 vs. 11.2 mm; P - 0.3), proportion of small ovulatory follicles at GnRH2 (7/19 vs. 9/20; P - 0.6), and follicular growth rate from d -5 to 0 (d 0 - GnRH2; 1.2 +/- 0.07 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.07 mm/d; P - 0.76). Administration of a CIDR, but not ovulation to GnRH1, increased follicle growth from d -2 to 0 (d 0 - GnRH2; P - 0.03 and 0.9, respectively). Large follicles (>11 mm) had a similar growth rate from d -5 to 0 (d 0 - GnRH2; P - 0.44) compared with small follicles (1.1 +/- 0.07 vs. 1.2 +/- 0.07 mm/d), but the large ovulatory follicles were larger at d -5 compared with small ovulatory follicles (P < 0.001). Follicle diameter was positively correlated with serum concentrations of estradiol at GnRH2 (r -0.622; P < 0.0001). In summary, ovulation to GnRH1, but not CIDR administration, resulted in increased dominant follicle diameter at GnRH2 in anestrous suckled beef cows. Large follicles were already larger 5 d before GnRH2 but grew at a rate similar to small follicles; follicle size was positively correlated with serum concentrations of estradiol at the time of GnRH-induced ovulation. C1 [Geary, T. W.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Atkins, J. A.; Smith, M. F.; Wells, K. J.] Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Geary, TW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM Tom.Geary@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (Washington, DC) [2006-35203-17284]; Teva Animal Health (St. Joseph, MO); Pfizer Animal Health (New York, NY) FX This project was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant No. 2006-35203-17284 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (Washington, DC). Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by USDA, Montana Agriculture Experiment Station (Bozeman), or the authors and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. The USDA, ARS, Northern Plains Area, is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. All agency services are available without discrimination. The authors acknowledge Teva Animal Health (St. Joseph, MO) and Pfizer Animal Health (New York, NY) for their support of this research. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 88 IS 7 BP 2311 EP 2320 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-2532 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 611GU UT WOS:000278801300009 PM 20348374 ER PT J AU Scharf, B Carroll, JA Riley, DG Chase, CC Coleman, SW Keisler, DH Weaber, RL Spiers, DE AF Scharf, B. Carroll, J. A. Riley, D. G. Chase, C. C., Jr. Coleman, S. W. Keisler, D. H. Weaber, R. L. Spiers, D. E. TI Evaluation of physiological and blood serum differences in heat-tolerant (Romosinuano) and heat-susceptible (Angus) Bos taurus cattle during controlled heat challenge SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; heat tolerance; physiological marker ID PLASMA LEPTIN CONCENTRATION; SWEAT-GLAND-FATIGUE; RECTAL TEMPERATURE; BEEF-CATTLE; TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; BODY-TEMPERATURE; RESPIRATORY RATE; WATER INTAKE; DAIRY-COWS AB A study was performed to evaluate differences in thermoregulatory ability of 2 Bos taurus breeds with known differences in heat tolerance. Nine Angus (AG; 304 +/- 7 kg of BW) and 9 Romosinuano (RO; 285 +/- 7.5 kg of BW) steers were transported to the Brody Environmental Center at the University of Missouri. Steers were housed for 18 d at thermoneutrality (TN; 21 degrees C) before initiation of heat stress (HS), which consisted of daily cyclic air temperature (26 degrees C, night; 36 degrees C, day) for 14 d. Rectal temperature and respiration rate were measured 6 times daily throughout the study. Sweat rates at shaved skin sites were recorded on specific days. Blood samples were taken once per week. Angus steers maintained rectal temperature 0.5 degrees C greater than RO at TN (P < 0.001). Likewise, respiration and sweat rates were greater (P < 0.001) in AG than RO at TN (P < 0.05). Rectal temperature increased during HS for both breeds with AG maintaining greater temperatures (P < 0.001). Both breeds increased respiration rate during HS, with AG steers exhibiting the greater rate (P < 0.001). Sweat rate increased more than 4-fold during HS (P < 0.001), followed by reduction after 7 d. Even after HS acclimation, AG exhibited the greater sweat rate (P < 0.001). Breed differences for serum leptin, creatinine, and cholesterol were found throughout the study with AG being greater than RO. Although there were no breed differences (P = 0.21) at TN, only AG steers exhibited a HS-induced increase (P < 0.05) in prolactin, creatinine, and cholesterol concentrations to suggest that an increase in rectal temperature is required for this effect. Use of rectal temperature along with endocrine markers, such as prolactin, may aid in the identification of B. taurus sensitivity to heat. C1 [Scharf, B.; Keisler, D. H.; Weaber, R. L.; Spiers, D. E.] Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Carroll, J. A.] ARS, USDA, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. [Riley, D. G.; Chase, C. C., Jr.; Coleman, S. W.] ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL USA. RP Scharf, B (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM basb62@mizzou.edu RI Keisler, Duane/C-2746-2011 OI Keisler, Duane/0000-0002-8792-7030 FU USDA [58-6227-3-016] FX This material is based upon work supported by the USDA under agreement No. 58-6227-3-016. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. NR 64 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 88 IS 7 BP 2321 EP 2336 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-2551 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 611GU UT WOS:000278801300010 PM 20190161 ER PT J AU May, ML Quinn, MJ Depenbusch, BE Reinhardt, CD Gibson, ML Karges, KK Cole, NA Drouillard, JS AF May, M. L. Quinn, M. J. Depenbusch, B. E. Reinhardt, C. D. Gibson, M. L. Karges, K. K. Cole, N. A. Drouillard, J. S. TI Dried distillers grains with solubles with reduced corn silage levels in beef finishing diets SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE distillers grains; dry-rolled corn; feedlot; steam-flaked corn ID STEAM-FLAKED CORN; FEEDLOT CATTLE; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; ROUGHAGE LEVEL; FEEDING VALUE; MEAT QUALITY; ROLLED CORN; WET; FERMENTATION AB Two finishing experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of 25% dried corn distillers grains with solubles (DDG) in beef cattle finishing diets by partially replacing a portion of the grain and soybean meal in the control diets. In Exp. 1, crossbred heifers (n = 377; BW 378 +/- 4.1 kg) were fed diets consisting of steam-flaked corn (SFC) with a control diet containing 0% DDG and 15% corn silage (CS), 25% DDG and 15% CS, or 25% DDG and 5% CS. Compared with the control treatment, heifers fed DDG and 15% CS had a greater proportion of USDA yield grade 4 and 5 carcasses (P = 0.04; 5.68 vs. 14.12), and smaller LM area (P = 0.04; 86.09 vs. 82.48 cm(2)). In Exp. 2, crossbred heifers (n = 582; BW = 377 +/- 27.09 kg) were fed diets similar to Exp. 1 except dry-rolled corn (DRC) and SFC were compared as the basal grain sources. Treatments included DRC or SFC: with con-trol diets containing 0% DDG and 15% CS, 25% DDG and 15% CS, or 25% DDG and 5% CS. Feeding SFC decreased DMI (P < 0.01), improved G: F (P < 0.01) and final shrunk BW (P = 0.05) compared with DRC. Average USDA yield grade was greater for cattle fed DRC than for those fed SFC (P = 0.02), but calculated yield grade was not different among treatments (P = 0.71). Feeding DDG and 5% CS, regardless of grain source, led to decreased DMI and greater G: F than feeding DDG and 15% CS (P = 0.02). When comparing the control treatments with the diets containing 25% DDG and 15% CS shrunk final BW, ADG, and G: F were decreased (P <= 0.05); however, carcass-adjusted measurements were not different (P > 0.52). Results indicate that roughage levels can be reduced in feedlot diets containing 25% DDG with no adverse effects on BW gain, feed efficiency, or carcass quality. C1 [May, M. L.; Quinn, M. J.; Depenbusch, B. E.; Reinhardt, C. D.; Drouillard, J. S.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Gibson, M. L.; Karges, K. K.] Dakota Gold Res Assoc, Sioux Falls, SD 57104 USA. [Cole, N. A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Renewable Energy & Manure Management Res Unit, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Drouillard, JS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jdrouill@ksu.edu FU Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan [08-79-J]; USDA, ARS [6209-31630-002-13S] FX This is contribution No. 08-79-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan.; This project was funded, in part, through a cooperative agreement with the USDA, ARS project No. 6209-31630-002-13S. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 88 IS 7 BP 2456 EP 2463 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-2637 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 611GU UT WOS:000278801300023 PM 20228233 ER PT J AU Moore, CB Bass, PD Green, MD Chapman, PL O'Connor, ME Yates, LD Scanga, JA Tatum, JD Smith, GC Belk, KE AF Moore, C. B. Bass, P. D. Green, M. D. Chapman, P. L. O'Connor, M. E. Yates, L. D. Scanga, J. A. Tatum, J. D. Smith, G. C. Belk, K. E. TI Establishing an appropriate mode of comparison for measuring the performance of marbling score output from video image analysis beef carcass grading systems SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; instrumentation; marbling; prediction; United States Department of Agriculture quality grade; video image analysis ID ETHER-EXTRACTABLE FAT; LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE; GRADES AB A beef carcass instrument grading system that improves accuracy and consistency of marbling score (MS) evaluation would have the potential to advance value-based marketing efforts and reduce disparity in quality grading among USDA graders, shifts, and plants. The objectives of this study were to use output data from the Video Image Analysis-Computer Vision System (VIA-CVS, Research Management Systems Inc., Fort Collins, CO) to develop an appropriate method by which performance of video image analysis MS output could be evaluated for accuracy, precision, and repeatability for purposes of seeking official USDA approval for using an instrument in commerce to augment assessment of quality grade, and to use the developed standards to gain approval for VIA-CVS to assist USDA personnel in assigning official beef carcass MS. An initial MS output algorithm was developed (phase I) for the VIA-CVS before 2 separate preliminary instrument evaluation trials (phases II and III) were conducted. During phases II and III, a 3-member panel of USDA expert graders independently assigned MS to 1,068 and 1,242 stationary carcasses, respectively. Mean expert MS was calculated for each carcass. Additionally, a separate 3-member USDA expert panel developed a consensus MS for each carcass in phase III. In phase II, VIA-CVS stationary triple-placement and triple-trigger instrument repeatability values (n = 262 and 260, respectively), measured as the percentage of total variance explained by carcasses, were 99.9 and 99.8%, respectively. In phases II and III, 95% of carcasses were assigned expert MS for which differences between individual expert MS, and for which the consensus MS in phase III only, was <= 96 MS units. Two differing approaches to simple regression analysis, as well as a separate method-comparability analysis that accommodates error in both dependent and independent variables, were used to assess accuracy and precision of instrument MS predictions vs. mean expert MS. Method-comparability analysis was more appropriate in assessing the bias and precision of instrument MS predictions. Ether-extractable fat percentages (n = 257; phase II) differed among MS (P < 0.05) but were not suitable to predict or validate assigned MS. The performance and reproducibility of expert MS assignment in future evaluations was considered, and an official USDA performance standard was established, to which an instrument must conform to be approved for official on-line MS assessment. The VIA-CVS subsequently was approved to assign MS to carcasses on-line after completion of a 2006 USDA instrument approval trial conducted according to methods developed during completion of this study. C1 [Green, M. D.; Tatum, J. D.; Smith, G. C.; Belk, K. E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Moore, C. B.] Cargill Meat Solut, Wichita, KS 67219 USA. [Bass, P. D.] Certified Angus Beef LLC, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Chapman, P. L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [O'Connor, M. E.; Yates, L. D.] Agr Mkt Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Scanga, J. A.] Elanco Anim Hlth, Ault, CO 80610 USA. RP Belk, KE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Keith.Belk@colostate.edu FU Beef Checkoff FX This project was funded in part by The Beef Checkoff. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 88 IS 7 BP 2464 EP 2475 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-2593 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 611GU UT WOS:000278801300024 PM 20348376 ER PT J AU Williams, CB AF Williams, C. B. TI Application of biological simulation models in estimating feed efficiency of finishing steers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE body composition; model; protein ID METABOLIZABLE ENERGY-UTILIZATION; DYNAMIC-MODEL; COMPUTER-MODEL; MATURE CATTLE; BEEF-CATTLE; GAIN; NUTRITION; PREDICT; SYSTEM AB Data on individual daily feed intake, BW at 28-d intervals, and carcass composition were obtained on 1,212 crossbred steers. Within-animal regressions of cumulative feed intake and BW on linear and quadratic days on feed were used to quantify initial and ending BW, average daily observed feed intake (OFI), and ADG over a 120-d finishing period. Feed intake was predicted (PFI) with 3 biological simulation models (BSM): a) Decision Evaluator for the Cattle Industry, b) Cornell Value Discovery System, and c) NRC update 2000, using observed growth and carcass data as input. Residual feed intake (RFI) was estimated using OFI (RFIEL) in a linear statistical model (LSM), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was estimated as OFI/ADG (FCRE). Output from the BSM was used to estimate RFI by using PFI in place of OFI with the same LSM, and FCR was estimated as PFI/ADG. These estimates were evaluated against RFIEL and FCRE. In a second analysis, estimates of RFI were obtained for the 3 BSM as the difference between OFI and PFI, and these estimates were evaluated against RFIEL. The residual variation was extremely small when PFI was used in the LSM to estimate RFI, and this was mainly due to the fact that the same input variables (initial BW, days on feed, and ADG) were used in the BSM and LSM. Hence, the use of PFI obtained with BSM as a replacement for OFI in a LSM to characterize individual animals for RFI was not feasible. This conclusion was also supported by weak correlations (<0.4) between RFIEL and RFI obtained with PFI in the LSM, and very weak correlations (<0.13) between RFIEL and FCR obtained with PFI. In the second analysis, correlations (>0.89) for RFIEL with the other RFI estimates suggest little difference between RFIEL and any of these RFI estimates. In addition, results suggest that the RFI estimates calculated with PFI would be better able to identify animals with low OFI and small ADG as inefficient compared with RFIEL. These results may be due to the fact that computer models predict performance on an individual-animal basis in contrast to a LSM, which estimates a fixed relationship for all animals; hence, the BSM may provide RFI estimates that are closer to the true biological efficiency of animals. In addition, BSM may facilitate comparisons across different data sets and provide more accurate estimates of efficiency in small data sets where errors would be greater with a LSM. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Williams, CB (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM charles.williams@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 88 IS 7 BP 2523 EP 2529 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-2655 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 611GU UT WOS:000278801300029 PM 20348372 ER PT J AU Chen, P Lin, LZ Harnly, JM AF Chen, Pei Lin, Long-Ze Harnly, James M. TI Mass Spectroscopic Fingerprinting Method for Differentiation Between Scutellaria lateriflora and the Germander (Teucrium canadense and T. chamaedrys) Species SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID NEOCLERODANE DITERPENOIDS; EXTRACTION; GLYCOSIDES; HPLC AB Scutellaria lateriflora, commonly known as skullcap, is used as an ingredient in numerous herbal products. However, it has been occasionally adulterated/contaminated with Teucrium canadense and T. chamaedrys, commonly known as germander, which contain hepatotoxic diterpenes. Due to the morphological similarities between the two genera, analytical methodologies to distinguish authentic S. lateriflora from the Teucrium species are needed to ensure public safety. In this study, a direct-injection electrospray ionization/MS method was used to generate spectral fingerprints of extracts from 21 skullcap and germander samples at a rate of 90 s/sample. MS fingerprints were analyzed by principal component analysis. The newly developed method offers a rapid and easy way to differentiate between skullcap and germander samples. C1 [Chen, Pei; Lin, Long-Ze; Harnly, James M.] ARS, USDA, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Chen, P (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. EM pei.chen@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture; Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health FX This research was supported by the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and an Interagency Agreement with the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 93 IS 4 BP 1148 EP 1154 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 645UQ UT WOS:000281492100013 PM 20922946 ER PT J AU Stelinski, LL Lapointe, SL Meyer, WL AF Stelinski, L. L. Lapointe, S. L. Meyer, W. L. TI Season-long mating disruption of citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, with an emulsified wax formulation of pheromone SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behavioural modification; citrus canker; emulsified wax; mechanisms of disruption; pheromone dispenser ID SEX-PHEROMONE; FIELD-EVALUATION; LEPIDOPTERA; MOTH; GRACILLARIIDAE; DISEASE; IDENTIFICATION; TORTRICIDAE; ATTRACTION; MANAGEMENT AB The citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), is a major worldwide pest of citrus. Larval feeding by this insect facilitates proliferation of citrus bacterial canker, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. Herein, we describe a season-long disruption trial of P. citrella with a newly developed, emulsified wax dispenser of pheromone (SPLAT-CLMTM). A formulation containing a 3 : 1 blend of (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-hexadecatrienal:(Z,Z)-7,11-hexadecadienal at a 0.2% loading rate of active ingredient by weight and deployed twice per season (24 weeks total) at 490 g of formulation/ha caused season-long disruption of male moth catch in pheromone traps as well as reduced leaf infestation. Analysis of pheromone release from dispensers by gas chromatography revealed that effective disruption of P. citrella occurred at a deployment rate of 126 mu g of (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-hexadecatrienal/ha/h. Direct observation of moth behaviour in the field suggested that disruption by this formulation occurred by a non-competitive mechanism. A formulation of the 3 : 1 attractive blend at a 0.02% pheromone loading rate caused only 2-6 weeks of disruption per deployment and did not reduce leaf infestation during mid and end of the season evaluations. A formulation containing 0.2% of (Z,Z)-7,11-hexadecadienal alone and deployed at 490 g/ha caused 6-7 weeks of moth disruption to pheromone traps and did not prevent leaf infestation, while an identical formulation loaded with 0.02% (w/w) of (Z,Z)-7,11-hexadecadienal alone had no effect on P. citrella orientation to pheromone traps. The SPLAT formulation evaluated herein appears to be an excellent release device for (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-hexadecatrienal given that approximately 100 days of steady release occurred following an initial brief (ca. 7 days) burst of higher release. The advantages of SPLAT as a formulation for P. citrella disruption include low cost of manufacturing, biodegradable and weather resistant characteristics, and flowability allowing machine application. Mating disruption should be an effective alternative to insecticides for management of P. citrella and may reduce the incidence of citrus canker. C1 [Stelinski, L. L.; Meyer, W. L.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Lapointe, S. L.] ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP Stelinski, LL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, 700 Expt Stn Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. EM stelinski@ufl.edu RI Stelinski, Lukasz/A-6362-2008 FU [IR-4] FX Ian Jackson and Angel Hoyte are gratefully acknowledged for assistance with pheromone and trap deployment and subsequent moth catch data collection. LLS thanks the IR-4 Project for partially funding this project. A previous version of the manuscript was improved by Drs Steve Futch (University of Florida), Wayne Hunter (United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service), and two anonymous referees. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 134 IS 6 BP 512 EP 520 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2009.01453.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 612SZ UT WOS:000278924700003 ER PT J AU Martin, MR Tipping, PW Reddy, KR AF Martin, Melissa R. Tipping, P. W. Reddy, K. R. TI Comparing Native and Exotic Litter Decomposition and Nutrient Dynamics SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE decomposition; invasion; Melaleuca quinquenervia; nutrient ID PINUS-ELLIOTTII PLANTATIONS; MELALEUCA-QUINQUENERVIA; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOUTHERN FLORIDA; TREE ALTERS; INVASION; PHOSPHORUS; FOREST; BLAKE,S.T.; TURNOVER AB Melaleuca (Melaleuca quinquenervia [Cav.] Blake) has been one of the most problematic invasive species in the Florida Everglades' ecosystem. This exotic tree has colonized and thrived in most natural areas of South Florida, including the pine-cypress ecotone forest. Mechanical and chemical control programs have contained the spread, and biological agents have largely eliminated the invasive potential of existing melaleuca populations. However, live trees remain a part of the vegetative landscape and are targets for future management. Treatment of these populations has been justified in part by hypothesized changes in the rate of organic matter decomposition and nutrient release from exotic litter. We investigated these questions with the primary hypothesis that melaleuca litter will have the slowest rate of decomposition and the slowest rate of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus turnover compared to cypress and pine litter. As hypothesized, the residence time of melaleuca litter was significantly longer than cypress litter. However, the residence time of the melaleuca litter was significantly shorter compared to pine litter. In addition, melaleuca litter did not alter nitrogen or phosphorus release rates compared to the native species. Treating remnant melaleuca populations with chemical or mechanical methods may cause significant collateral damage to native plant communities and may negatively influence ecosystem function. Research is needed to determine if the benefits outweigh the costs to plant communities from the continued treatment of this exotic, but now less invasive plant. C1 [Martin, Melissa R.] S Florida Water Management Dist, W Palm Beach, FL 33416 USA. [Tipping, P. W.] USDA, ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. [Reddy, K. R.] Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Martin, MR (reprint author), S Florida Water Management Dist, 3301 Gun Club Rd, W Palm Beach, FL 33416 USA. EM mmartin@sfwmd.gov FU Adaptive Management of Water, Wetlands, and Watershed (NSF) [0504422]; Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council; UF, Soil and Water Science; Everglades Foundation FX We are especially appreciative of the invaluable insights and long hours of field support of the staff of the USDA-ARS Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, including Eileen Pokorny, Kayla Nimmo, Danyelle Fitzgerald, and Susan Keusch. We also thank Gavin Wilson, Yu Wang, Samira Daroub, and Vivana Nadal for laboratory and technical support. This work was partially funded by the Adaptive Management of Water, Wetlands, and Watershed program (NSF Grant Number 0504422), the Julia Morton Invasive Plant Research Grant Program (Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council), the Sam Polston Memorial Fellowship (UF, Soil and Water Science), and the Everglades Foundation Graduate Fellowship Program. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI VICKSBURG PA PO BOX 821265, VICKSBURG, MS 39182 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 48 BP 72 EP 79 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 767DK UT WOS:000290835300002 ER PT J AU Hansen, LE Jackson, DS Wehling, RL Wilson, JD Graybosch, RA AF Hansen, L. E. Jackson, D. S. Wehling, R. L. Wilson, J. D. Graybosch, R. A. TI Functionality of native tetraploid wheat starches: Effects of waxy loci alleles and amylose concentration in blends SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Durum wheat; Starch; Functional properties; Amylose; Waxy alleles ID PASTA COOKING QUALITY; 3 WX GENES; DURUM-WHEAT; A-TYPE; PROTEINS; SPAGHETTI; GRANULES; LINES; FULL; CORN AB Partial waxy (reduced amylose) and fully waxy (amylose-free) tetraploid durum wheats (Triticum tutgidum L var. durum) were used to investigate the relationships between both intra- and inter-granular variation in amylose concentration and starch functionality. Starches isolated from each genotype (intra-granular amylose variants) were compared to those of commercially available hexaploid wild-type and waxy starches, and functionalities compared to blends (inter-granular variants) of durum waxy and wildtype starches of 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, & 30% amylose content. Starch particle size distributions were not significantly different amongst partial waxy and wild-type genotypes; waxy samples had significantly smaller mean starch granule size. Few significant differences for crystallite melting and related intrinsic heat as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were observed. The detected differences in starch gel color or gel strength generally were observed for the waxy samples relative to wild-type. Numerous significant differences were observed via Rapid-Visco Analysis (RVA). Pasting peak viscosity and breakdown were inversely proportional to % amylose. Wx-B1 null final viscosity differed significantly from that of all other blends and genotypes, demonstrating that genotypic differences exist amongst the partial waxy types, independent of amylose concentration per se. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hansen, L. E.; Graybosch, R. A.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Jackson, D. S.; Wehling, R. L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Wilson, J. D.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Graybosch, RA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 314 Biochem Hall,East Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM bob.graybosch@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 52 IS 1 BP 39 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2010.02.015 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 673ZN UT WOS:000283702800006 ER PT J AU Chen, F Zhang, FY Morris, C He, ZH Xia, XC Cui, DQ AF Chen, Feng Zhang, Fuyan Morris, Craig He, Zhonghu Xia, Xianchun Cui, Dangqun TI Molecular characterization of the Puroindoline a-D1b allele and development of an STS marker in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Kernel hardness; Wheat; Puroindoline ID GRAIN HARDNESS; CULTIVARS; LOCUS AB Kernel hardness is mainly controlled by one major genetic locus on the short arm of chromosome 5D in bread wheat. Twelve Chinese and CIMMYT wheat cultivars were characterized for the deletion region of Pina-D1b genotype and developing a novel STS marker for this allele. PCR and SDS-PAGE were used to confirm the Pina-D1b genotype, and then 20 pairs of primers were designed to amplify the fragment including deletion region in Pina-D1b genotype by primer walking strategy. An STS marker Pina-N spanning deletion region in Pina-D1b was developed and sequencing results showed that all of 10 Pina-D1b genotypes uniformly possessed a 15,380 bp deletion in comparison with that of Chinese Spring with wild type. This study provided an alternative method to exam Pina-D1b by molecular marker and will accelerate identification of puroindoline alleles in bread wheat. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Feng; Zhang, Fuyan; Cui, Dangqun] Henan Agr Univ, Dept Agron, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, Peoples R China. [Morris, Craig] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, E Food Sci & Human Nutr Facil E 202, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [He, Zhonghu; Xia, Xianchun] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Natl Wheat Improvement Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [He, Zhonghu] CAAS, CIMMYT China Off, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Chen, F (reprint author), Henan Agr Univ, Dept Agron, Wenhua RD 95, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, Peoples R China. EM chf0088@yahoo.com.cn; cdq62@sohu.com RI Xia, Xianchun/L-2402-2015; He, Zhonghu/E-1625-2015 FU 973 project [2009CB118300]; 863 project of China [2006AA100102] FX This project was funded by the 973 project (2009CB118300) and 863 project (2006AA100102) of China. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 52 IS 1 BP 80 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2010.03.006 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 673ZN UT WOS:000283702800012 ER PT J AU Siderhurst, MS Jang, EB AF Siderhurst, Matthew Samuel Jang, Eric B. TI Cucumber Volatile Blend Attractive to Female Melon Fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Melon fly; Gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection; Kairomone; Female attractant; Tephritidae; Cucumber; Volatiles; Bioassay; Bactrocera cucurbitae ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA FLIES; HOST FRUIT; ELECTROANTENNOGRAM RESPONSES; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; PLANT VOLATILES; APPLE MAGGOT; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; IDENTIFICATION AB The melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), is a serious crop pest throughout the Asia Pacific sub-continent and Southeast Asia, causing damage to tree fruits, cucurbits, and related crops. Attractants for female melon flies are of particular interest as they could be used in control tactics to reduce pest levels. Previous work has shown that freshly sliced cucumbers are attractive to female melon flies, but the compounds responsible for this attraction were not identified. The objective of the present study was to create a synthetic lure for female B. cucurbitae based on its close association with Cucurbitaceae. Coupled gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection (GC-EAD) analysis of fresh and aged pur,ed cucumbers identified 31 compounds that were detected by females. Compounds that elicited EAD responses initially were screened as single components in glass McPhail traps in outdoor rotating olfactometer experiments. Four criteria were used to select compounds for testing in blends: a) strength of EAD response elicited; b) amount of compound present; c) relative attractiveness of a single compound; and d) compound novelty to Cucurbitaceae. Several synthetic blends attracted significant numbers of females in outdoor rotating olfactometer experiments; a nine-component blend (lure #7) was the most attractive. Field captures of female B. cucurbitae in traps baited with lure #7 were twice those in traps baited with Solulys protein bait. Besides having a female-biased attraction, this lure may have several advantages over protein baits: it can be used with a dry trap, is long lasting, and it captured low numbers of non-target species. Possible applications of this lure include trapping (for detection and/or monitoring/delimitation) and control/eradication (e.g., mass trapping, attract-and-kill, or as an attractant for existing protein insecticide bait sprays such as GF-120). C1 [Siderhurst, Matthew Samuel] Eastern Mennonite Univ, Dept Chem, Harrisonburg, VA 22802 USA. [Jang, Eric B.] US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, ARS, Hilo, HI 96729 USA. RP Siderhurst, MS (reprint author), Eastern Mennonite Univ, Dept Chem, 1200 Pk Rd, Harrisonburg, VA 22802 USA. EM ms826@emu.edu NR 36 TC 13 Z9 24 U1 6 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 36 IS 7 BP 699 EP 708 DI 10.1007/s10886-010-9804-4 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 619XJ UT WOS:000279463300004 PM 20526732 ER PT J AU Suckling, DM Stringer, LD Bunn, B El-Sayed, AM Vander Meer, RK AF Suckling, David M. Stringer, Lloyd D. Bunn, Barry El-Sayed, Ashraf M. Vander Meer, Robert K. TI Trail Pheromone Disruption of Red Imported Fire Ant SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Red imported fire ant; Ant; Trail pheromone; Trail disruption; Invasive species; Z,E-alpha-farnesene; Solenopsis invicta ID INVICTA BUREN HYMENOPTERA; LEAF-CUTTING ANT; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; ARGENTINE ANT; FORMICIDAE; ORIENTATION; COMPONENT; TEXAS AB The fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), is considered one of the most aggressive and invasive species in the world. Toxic bait systems are used widely for control, but they also affect non-target ant species and cannot be used in sensitive ecosystems such as organic farms and national parks. The fire ant uses recruitment pheromones to organize the retrieval of large food resources back to the colony, with Z,E-alpha-farnesene responsible for the orientation of workers along trails. We prepared Z,E-alpha-farnesene, (91% purity) from extracted E,E-alpha-farnesene and demonstrated disruption of worker trail orientation after presentation of an oversupply of this compound from filter paper point sources (30 A mu g). Trails were established between queen-right colony cells and food sources in plastic tubs. Trail-following behavior was recorded by overhead webcam, and ants were digitized before and after presentation of the treatment, using two software approaches. The linear regression statistic, r (2) was calculated. Ants initially showed high linear trail integrity (r (2) = 0.75). Within seconds of presentation of the Z,E-alpha-farnesene treatment, the trailing ants showed little or no further evidence of trail following behavior in the vicinity of the pheromone source. These results show that trailing fire ants become disorientated in the presence of large amounts of Z,E-alpha-farnesene. Disrupting fire ant recruitment to resources may have a negative effect on colony size or other effects yet to be determined. This phenomenon was demonstrated recently for the Argentine ant, where trails were disrupted for two weeks by using their formulated trail pheromone, Z-9-hexadecenal. Further research is needed to establish the long term effects and control potential for trail disruption in S. invicta. C1 [Suckling, David M.; Stringer, Lloyd D.; Bunn, Barry; El-Sayed, Ashraf M.] New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Vander Meer, Robert K.] USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Suckling, DM (reprint author), New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd, PB 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand. EM Max.Suckling@plantandfood.co.nz RI Suckling, David/F-7005-2010; OI Suckling, David/0000-0001-7216-9348; Stringer, Lloyd/0000-0002-6345-0768 FU MAF Biosecurity New Zealand; USDA Agricultural Research Service (Gainesville); New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology FX Thanks to MAF Biosecurity New Zealand and USDA Agricultural Research Service (Gainesville) for supporting this work, also partially funded from the New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology ("Better Border Biosecurity", www.b3nz.org). NR 35 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 36 IS 7 BP 744 EP 750 DI 10.1007/s10886-010-9810-6 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 619XJ UT WOS:000279463300009 PM 20549330 ER PT J AU Gertz, ER Silverman, NE Wise, KS Hanson, KB Alekel, DL Stewart, JW Perry, CD Bhupathiraju, SN Kohut, ML Van Loan, MD AF Gertz, E. R. Silverman, N. E. Wise, K. S. Hanson, K. B. Alekel, D. L. Stewart, J. W. Perry, C. D. Bhupathiraju, S. N. Kohut, M. L. Van Loan, M. D. TI Contribution of Serum Inflammatory Markers to Changes in Bone Mineral Content and Density in Postmenopausal Women: A 1-Year Investigation SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL DENSITOMETRY LA English DT Article DE Bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD); cytokines; inflammatory markers; postmenopausal women ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; OSTEOIMMUNOLOGY; MENOPAUSE AB Bone formation and resorption are influenced by inflammatory processes. We examined the relationships among inflammatory markers and bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) and determined the contribution of inflammatory markers to 1-yr changes in BMC and BMD in healthy postmenopausal women. This analysis included 242 women at baseline from our parent Soy Isoflavones for Reducing Bone Loss project who were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: placebo, 80 mg/d soy isoflavones, or 120 mg/d soy isoflavones. BMD and BMC from the lumbar spine (LS), total proximal femur (hip), and whole body were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and the 4% distal tibia by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Serum inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin [IL]-1 beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha], and white blood cell count [WBC]) were measured at baseline, 6, and 12 mo. Because of attrition or missing values, data analysis at 12 mo includes only 235 women. Significant associations among IL-6, INF-alpha, and WBC were observed with percent change in LS, hip, and whole body BMC and BMD. Multiple regression analysis indicated that in combination inflammatory markers accounted for 1.1-6.1% of the variance to the observed 12-mo changes in BMC and BMD. Our results suggest that modifying inflammatory markers, even in healthy postmenopausal women, may possibly reduce bone loss. C1 [Van Loan, M. D.] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, W Hlth Sci Ctr 430, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. [Silverman, N. E.; Wise, K. S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hanson, K. B.; Alekel, D. L.; Stewart, J. W.; Perry, C. D.; Bhupathiraju, S. N.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Nutr & Wellness Res Ctr, Ames, IA USA. [Kohut, M. L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Kinesiol, Nutr & Wellness Res Ctr, Ames, IA USA. RP Van Loan, MD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, W Hlth Sci Ctr 430, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. EM marta.vanloan@ars.usda.gov RI Bhupathiraju, Shilpa/I-1209-2013 FU National Institute of Arthritis & Musculoskeletal Skin Diseases [RO1 AR046922]; USDA [2006 3411517184] FX The Soy Isoflavones for Reducing Bone Loss clinical trial was supported mainly by a grant (RO1 AR046922) from the National Institute of Arthritis & Musculoskeletal & Skin Diseases. Support was also provided by a special grant (2006 3411517184) from the USDA to the Nutrition and Wellness Research Center, Iowa State University by USDA/ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Clinical & Translational Science Center, Clinical Research Center at the University of California (1M01RR19975-01), and National Center for Medical Research (UL1 RR024146). NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1094-6950 J9 J CLIN DENSITOM JI J. Clin. Densitom. PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 13 IS 3 BP 277 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.jocd.2010.04.003 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 638KV UT WOS:000280894700005 PM 20605499 ER PT J AU Rue, CA Susta, L Brown, CC Pasick, JM Swafford, SR Wolf, PC Killian, ML Pedersen, JC Miller, PJ Afonso, CL AF Rue, Cary A. Susta, Leonardo Brown, Corrie C. Pasick, John M. Swafford, Seth R. Wolf, Paul C. Killian, Mary Lea Pedersen, Janice C. Miller, Patti J. Afonso, Claudio L. TI Evolutionary Changes Affecting Rapid Identification of 2008 Newcastle Disease Viruses Isolated from Double-Crested Cormorants SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAKS; SASKATCHEWAN; PATHOLOGY; CANADA AB A morbidity-mortality event involving virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in wild double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) occurred in North America in the summer of 2008. All 22 viruses isolated from cormorants were positively identified by the USDA-validated real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay targeting the matrix gene. However, the USDA-validated reverse transcription-PCR assay targeting the fusion gene that is specific for virulent isolates identified only 1 of these 22 isolates. Additionally, several of these isolates have been sequenced, and this information was used to identify genomic changes that caused the failure of the test and to revisit the evolution of NDV in cormorants. The forward primer and fusion probe were redesigned from the 2008 cormorant isolate sequence, and the revised fusion gene test successfully identified all 22 isolates. Phylogenetic analyses using both the full fusion sequence and the partial 374-nucleotide sequence identified these isolates as genotype V, with their nearest ancestor being an earlier isolate collected from Nevada in 2005. Histopathological analysis of this ancestral strain revealed morphological changes in the brain consistent with that of the traditional mesogenic pathotypes in cormorants. Intracerebral pathogenicity assays indicated that each of these isolates is virulent with values of >0.7 but not more virulent than earlier isolates reported from Canada. C1 [Rue, Cary A.; Miller, Patti J.; Afonso, Claudio L.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Susta, Leonardo; Brown, Corrie C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Vet Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Pasick, John M.] CFIA NCFAD, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3ME, Canada. [Swafford, Seth R.] USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Dis & Emergency Response Program, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Wolf, Paul C.] USDA, APHIS Wildlife Serv, St Paul, MN 55107 USA. [Killian, Mary Lea; Pedersen, Janice C.] USDA, APHIS, Diagnost Virol Lab, Natl Vet Serv Lab,Avian Viruses Sect Lab, Ames, IA USA. RP Afonso, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Claudio.Afonso@ars.usda.gov FU USDA CRIS [6612-32000049]; U.S. Poultry and Egg Association [647] FX This work was funded by USDA CRIS project number 6612-32000049 and U.S. Poultry and Egg Association grant number 647. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 48 IS 7 BP 2440 EP 2448 DI 10.1128/JCM.02213-09 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 617YV UT WOS:000279318700018 PM 20107098 ER PT J AU Everitt, JH Yang, C Judd, FW Summy, KR AF Everitt, J. H. Yang, C. Judd, F. W. Summy, K. R. TI Use of Archive Aerial Photography for Monitoring Black Mangrove Populations SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Avicennia germinans; remote sensing; color-infrared aerial photography; supervised image analysis; change detection; Texas Gulf Coast ID NATIVE WOODY-PLANTS; RIO-GRANDE VALLEY; TEXAS GULF-COAST; AVICENNIA-GERMINANS; ECOSYSTEM; IMAGERY AB A study was conducted on the South Texas Gulf Coast to evaluate archive aerial color-infrared (CIR) photography combined with supervised image analysis techniques to quantify changes in black mangrove [Avicennia germinans (L.) L.] populations over a 26-year period. Archive CIR film from two study sites (sites 1 and 2) was studied. Photographs of site 1 from 1976, 1988, and 2002 showed that black mangrove populations made up 16.2%, 21.1%, and 29.4% of the study site, respectively. Photographs of site 2 from 1976 and 2002 showed that black mangrove populations made up 0.4% and 2.7% of the study site, respectively. Over the 26-year period, black mangrove had increases in cover of 77% and 467% on sites 1 and 2, respectively. These results indicate that aerial photographs coupled with image analysis techniques can be useful tools to monitor and quantify black mangrove populations over time. C1 [Everitt, J. H.; Yang, C.] ARS, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Judd, F. W.; Summy, K. R.] Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Biol, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. RP Everitt, JH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM james.everitt@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 13 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 26 IS 4 BP 649 EP 653 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-09-00133.1 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 629OW UT WOS:000280210500006 ER PT J AU Huhtanen, P Ahvenjarvi, S Broderick, GA Reynal, SM Shingfield, KJ AF Huhtanen, P. Ahvenjarvi, S. Broderick, G. A. Reynal, S. M. Shingfield, K. J. TI Quantifying ruminal digestion of organic matter and neutral detergent fiber using the omasal sampling technique in cattle-A meta-analysis SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE meta-analysis; omasal sampling; ruminal digestion ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; RED-CLOVER SILAGE; MICROBIAL PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; VARYING DIETARY RATIOS; RUMEN-DEGRADED PROTEIN; 2 MATURITY STAGES; FED GRASS-SILAGE; NUTRIENT FLOW; CORN-SILAGE; ALFALFA SILAGE AB A data set from 32 studies (122 diets) was used to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the omasal sampling technique by investigating the relationships between ruminal and total digestion of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), between intake and apparent and true ruminal digestion of organic matter (OM), and between omasal NAN flow and milk protein yield. A mixed model regression analysis with random study effect was used to evaluate the relationships. The data were obtained when feeding North American diets (n = 36) based on alfalfa silage, corn silage, and corn grain and North European diets (n = 86) comprising grass silage supplemented with barley-based concentrates. In all studies, digesta flow was quantified using a triple-marker approach. Standard deviations of ruminal NDF and true OM digestibility were smaller than typically reported in duodenal sampling studies using only chromic oxide as a flow marker. The relationship between total and ruminal NDF digestion was consistent, indicating little variation in the proportion of total-tract NDF digestion that occurred in the rumen. Furthermore, the slope of this regression indicated that 94.7% (+/-2.7%) of total NDF digestion occurred in the rumen. The slopes of mixed model regression equations between OM intake and amount digested indicated that 42% (+/-2.4%) and 74% (+/-3.1%) of OM was apparently and truly digested in the rumen, respectively. The contribution of the rumen to total-tract apparent OM digestion was 62% (+/-2.6%). The close relationship between omasal flow of nonammonia crude protein and milk protein yield (with adjusted residual mean squared error = 31 g) provided further confidence in the reliability of omasal flow measurements. C1 [Huhtanen, P.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Anim Sci, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Ahvenjarvi, S.; Shingfield, K. J.] MTT Agrifood Res Finland, Anim Prod Res, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland. [Broderick, G. A.; Reynal, S. M.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Huhtanen, P (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Anim Sci, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. EM pekka.huhtanen@njv.slu.se RI Ahvenjarvi, Seppo/C-5527-2009 FU European Union [QLK1-2002-02362, 2004-2009]; Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry FX The authors thank Andre Brito, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Mark McGee, Grange Beef Research Unit, Teagasc, County Meath, Ireland; Marketta Rinne, MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Jokioinen, Finland; Auvo Sairanen, MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Maaninka, Finland; and Aila Vanhatalo, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland for providing complementary data. Experiments within the European portion of the database were supported from funding received from the European Union (Project QLK1-2002-02362; Production of CLA-enriched products by natural means and LIPGENE, an EU Sixth Integrated Project; 2004-2009; http://www.lipgene.tcd.ie) and the Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. NR 89 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 93 IS 7 BP 3203 EP 3215 DI 10.3168/jds.2009-2988 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 614AI UT WOS:000279026800039 PM 20630237 ER PT J AU Broderick, GA Huhtanen, P Ahvenjarvi, S Reynal, SM Shingfield, KJ AF Broderick, G. A. Huhtanen, P. Ahvenjarvi, S. Reynal, S. M. Shingfield, K. J. TI Quantifying ruminal nitrogen metabolism using the omasal sampling technique in cattle-A meta-analysis SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE omasal sampling; microbial protein synthesis; protein degradation; milk protein ID SILAGE-BASED DIETS; DAIRY-COWS; MICROBIAL PROTEIN; PASSAGE KINETICS; DIGESTA FLOW; CORN-SILAGE; ALFALFA HAY; RUMEN; DEGRADABILITY; DUODENUM AB Mixed model analysis of data from 32 studies (122 diets) was used to evaluate the precision and accuracy of the omasal sampling technique for quantifying ruminal-N metabolism and to assess the relationships between nonammonia-N flow at the omasal canal and milk protein yield. Data were derived from experiments in cattle fed North American diets (n = 36) based on alfalfa silage, corn silage, and corn grain and Northern European diets (n = 86) composed of grass silage and barley-based concentrates. In all studies, digesta flow was quantified using a triple-marker approach. Linear regressions were used to predict microbial-N flow to the omasum from intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), or total digestible nutrients. Efficiency of microbial-N synthesis increased with DM intake and there were trends for increased efficiency with elevated dietary concentrations of crude protein (CP) and rumen-degraded protein (RDP) but these effects were small. Regression of omasal rumen-undegraded protein (RUP) flow on CP intake indicated that an average 32% of dietary CP escaped and 68% was degraded in the rumen. The slope from regression of observed omasal flows of RUP on flows predicted by the National Research Council (2001) model indicated that NRC predicted greater RUP supply. Measured microbial-N flow was, on average, 26% greater than that predicted by the NRC model. Zero ruminal N-balance (omasal CP flow = CP intake) was obtained at dietary CP and RDP concentrations of 147 and 106 g/kg of DM, corresponding to ruminal ammonia-N and milk urea N concentrations of 7.1 and 8.3 mg/100 mL, respectively. Milk protein yield was positively related to the efficiency of microbial-N synthesis and measured RUP concentration. Improved efficiency of microbial-N synthesis and reduced ruminal CP degradability were positively associated with efficiency of capture of dietary N as milk N. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the omasal sampling technique yields valuable estimates of RDP, RUP, and ruminal microbial protein supply in cattle. C1 [Huhtanen, P.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Anim Sci, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Broderick, G. A.; Reynal, S. M.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ahvenjarvi, S.; Shingfield, K. J.] MTT Agrifood Res Finland, Anim Prod Res, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland. RP Huhtanen, P (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Anim Sci, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. EM pekka.huhtanen@njv.slu.se RI Ahvenjarvi, Seppo/C-5527-2009 FU European Union [QLK1-2002-02362, 2004-2009]; Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry FX The important experimental and intellectual contributions of the late Santiago M. Reynal to this modelling effort are gratefully acknowledged by the other authors. He was directly or indirectly involved in all of the omasal sampling trials that formed the North American portion of the database. Experiments within the European portion of the database were supported by funding received from the European Union [Project QLK1-2002-02362; Production of CLA-enriched products by natural means; and LIPGENE, an EU Sixth Integrated Project (2004-2009; http://www.lipgene.tcd.ie)], and the Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. NR 42 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 93 IS 7 BP 3216 EP 3230 DI 10.3168/jds.2009-2989 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 614AI UT WOS:000279026800040 PM 20630238 ER PT J AU Coblentz, WK Hoffman, PC AF Coblentz, W. K. Hoffman, P. C. TI Effects of spontaneous heating on estimates of total digestible nutrients for alfalfa-orchardgrass hays packaged in large round bales SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE energy; spontaneous heating; total digestible nutrient ID SITU DISAPPEARANCE KINETICS; NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER; DRY-MATTER; FORAGES; DEGRADATION; NITROGEN; PROTEIN AB Large round or large square hay packages are more likely to heat spontaneously during storage than hay packaged in conventional (45 kg) bales, and the effects of this phenomenon on the associated energy estimates for these hays can be severe. Our objectives for this project were to assess the relationship between estimates of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and spontaneous heating and to describe any important differences in energy estimates that may result specifically from 2 methods of estimating truly digestible fiber (TD-Fiber). Using the summative approach to estimate TDN, TD-Fiber can be estimated from inputs of protein-corrected neutral detergent fiber (NDFn) and acid detergent lignin (TD-FiberLIG) or from NDFn and 48-h neutral detergent fiber digestibility (TD-FiberNDFD). Throughout 2006 and 2007, mixed alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) hays from 3 individual harvests were obtained from the same 8.2-ha research site near Stratford, Wisconsin. Both options for estimating TD-Fiber (TD-FiberLIG or TD-FiberNDFD) were then used independently via the summative approach to estimate the total TDN concentrations (TDN-LIG or TDN-NDFD, respectively) within these hays. Estimates of both TDN-LIG and TDN-NDFD then were related to heating degree days >30 degrees C accumulated during storage by various regression techniques. Changes (poststorage - prestorage) in TDN-LIG that occurred during storage (Delta TDN-LIG) were best fitted with a nonlinear decay model in which the independent variable was squared [Y = (11.7 x e(-0.0000033xxxx)) -11.6; R(2) = 0.928]. For changes in TDN-NDFD (Delta TDN-NDFD), a quadratic regression model provided the best fit (Y = 0.0000027x(2) - 0.010x + 0.4; R(2) = 0.861). Generally, Delta TDN-LIG estimates were 2.0 to 4.0 percentage units lower than Delta TDN-NDFD estimates when heating exceeded 500 HDD. For regressions on maximum internal bale temperature, both Delta TDN-LIG (Y = -0.38x + 16.3; R(2) = 0.954) and Delta TDN-NDFD (Y = -0.25x + 10.2; R(2) = 0.848) were best fitted by linear models with heterogeneous (P < 0.001) slopes and intercepts. In both cases, coefficients of determination were high, suggesting that simple measures of spontaneous heating are excellent predictors of energy losses in heated forages. Regardless of method, reductions in TDN were associated primarily with losses of nonfiber carbohydrate, which is known to occur via oxidation of sugars during spontaneous heating. For heated forages, some discrepancy between TDN-LIG and TDN-NDFD existed because the relationship between NDFD and spontaneous heating was shown previously to be very poor, resulting in minimal changes for estimates of TD-FiberNDFD as a consequence of heating. In contrast, TD-FiberLIG declined in close association with heating, largely because TD-FiberLIG was sensitive to changes in concentrations of both NDFn and acid detergent lignin. Discrepancies between TDN-LIG and TDN-NDFD were exacerbated further when neutral detergent fiber rather than NDFn was used to estimate TD-FiberNDFD. Estimates of TDN declined by as much as 13.0 percentage units within severely heated hays, and this is a serious consequence of spontaneous heating. C1 [Coblentz, W. K.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Hoffman, P. C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Coblentz, WK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM wayne.coblentz@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 93 IS 7 BP 3377 EP 3389 DI 10.3168/jds.2010-3133 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 614AI UT WOS:000279026800056 PM 20630254 ER PT J AU Clement, SL Elberson, LR AF Clement, Stephen L. Elberson, L. R. TI Variable Effects of Grass-Neotyphodium Associations on Cereal Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Feeding, Development and Survival SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cereal leaf beetle; temperate grasses; Neotyphodium endophytes; host plant resistance ID FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; TALL FESCUE; WHEAT; RESISTANCE AB Although cereal grains are the preferred food plants of the cereal leaf beetle, Oulema melanopus (L), several other graminoid species are acceptable feeding hosts of larvae and adults of this chrysomelid beetle. In view of the potential for expanding the use of diverse endophytic fungi (Neotyphodium Glenn, Bacon and Hanlin) to protect forage and cereal grasses from insect pests, more information on the effect of Neotyphodium-infected (E+) grasses on the behavior and performance of the most important graminoid pests, including O. melanopus, is required. In feeding and oviposition choice experiments, adult O. melanopus fed readily on E+ and uninfected (E-) plants of wild tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire) and alpine timothy (Phleum alpinum L.), while exhibiting a feeding preference for E- over E+ plants of one tall fescue accession. In larval survival and development experiments, low survival on E+ plants of alpine timothy and one tall fescue accession (averaged 3.75 - 12.5%) was not linked to slow development of surviving larvae because developmental periods were similar on E- (averaged 11.31 - 12.73 days) and E+ (11.33 - 11.7 days) plants. Larval mortality was 100% on E+ plants of tall fescue from Morocco. Thus, O. melanopus feeding and survival is significantly reduced on some E+ wild grasses. Our results also expand our knowledge of the antiinsect properties of fungal endophytes in diverse grasses for possible use in protecting forage and cereal grass cultivars from O. melanopus and other important pests. C1 [Clement, Stephen L.; Elberson, L. R.] Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Plant Germplasm Intro & Testing Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Clement, SL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Plant Germplasm Intro & Testing Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM slclement@wsu.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 45 IS 3 BP 197 EP 203 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 627DO UT WOS:000280019600001 ER PT J AU Suh, CPC Westbrook, JK AF Suh, C. P-C. Westbrook, J. K. TI Relationship Between Population Estimates of Cotton Fleahoppers (Hemiptera: Miridae) Obtained by Terminal and Whole Plant Examinations SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cotton fleahopper; Pseudatomoscelis seriatus; sampling; within-plant distribution AB The standard method for assessing cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter), abundance in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., involves direct counts of adults and nymphs on main stem terminals. Although this practice appears to provide adequate estimates for pest management programs, the accuracy and precision of population estimates obtained from terminal sampling, relative to whole plant examinations and potential time-of-day sampling effects, have not been investigated. We examined the distribution of cotton fleahopper adults and nymphs within cotton plants twice a day (0800 - 1130 h and 1300 - 1630 h) in 2007 and 2008 to determine whether the numbers of fleahoppers in the terminal of plants accurately and reliably reflect the numbers of fleahoppers on those plants. Overall, the mean numbers and distribution patterns of fleahoppers observed during the morning and afternoon sampling periods were statistically similar. Consequently, time-of-day sampling effects were not observed. When the numbers of fleahoppers found on plants were regressed on the numbers of fleahoppers observed in the terminal of those plants, the r(2) and coefficient of variation (CV) values for adults were 0.81 and 40, respectively. Corresponding values for nymphs were 0.97 and 22. Based on regression slopes, the terminal accounted for 64% of the adults and 78% of the nymphs observed on plants. Our results suggest fleahopper counts obtained from terminal examinations accurately reflect the numbers of fleahoppers on those plants. However, this sampling practice may not provide the level of precision typically required in population research. C1 [Suh, C. P-C.] ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Suh, CPC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM charles.suh@ars.usda.gov FU Cotton, Inc. [07-263] FX Special appreciation is extended to Cotton, Inc. for funding this study (Project #07-263). We also thank Jeremy Greene, Larry Godfrey, and Michael Toews for providing critical reviews of this manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 45 IS 3 BP 204 EP 210 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 627DO UT WOS:000280019600002 ER PT J AU Spurgeon, DW AF Spurgeon, D. W. TI Efficacy of Beauveria bassiana Against Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae) at Low Temperatures SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE western tarnished plant bug; Lygus hesperus; Beauveria bassiana; entomopathogen ID POPULATIONS; HETEROPTERA AB The western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight, is susceptible to the naturally-occurring pathogen, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Recent research efforts have focused on selection of Beauveria strains that were effective against Lygus under the high-temperature conditions typical of the cotton (Gossypium spp.) production season. However, the most appropriate use of this pathogen may not be as a rescue treatment. Alternatively, B. bassiana may be useful to efforts to target overwintering populations of Lygus if isolates are available that are highly virulent under the low temperature conditions typical of winter and early-spring in the San Joaquin Valley. One commercially-available isolate and 4 native isolates of B. bassiana were assayed against L. hesperus adults under constant temperatures of 12.8, 18.3, and 23.9 degrees C. Although decreasing temperatures were associated with diminished Beauveria-induced mortality of Lygus and slower development of disease symptoms, no differences in efficacy were detected among the tested isolates. Differences in the patterns of occurrence of Beauveria disease symptoms were observed among isolates at some temperatures, but those differences were not substantial. Furthermore, results at some temperatures suggested potential influences of Lygus adult age or gender on susceptibility to B. bassiana. Those effects should be further investigated. Overall, the results did not indicate that any of the tested isolates of B. bassiana were superior to the commercially-available isolate under low temperature conditions. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. RP Spurgeon, DW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. EM Dale.Spurgeon@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 45 IS 3 BP 211 EP 219 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 627DO UT WOS:000280019600003 ER PT J AU Jackson, RE Gore, J Abel, C AF Jackson, R. E. Gore, J. Abel, C. TI Bollworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Behavior on Transgenic Cotton Expressing Cry1Ac and Cry1F Proteins SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; bollworm; behavior; resistance management; transgenic cotton ID HELICOVERPA-ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; POTATO BEETLE COLEOPTERA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; INSECTICIDAL PROTEINS; PLUTELLA-XYLOSTELLA; LARVAE; QUANTIFICATION; PERMETHRIN AB Bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), larvae are known to move away from Bollgard (TM) (Monsanto Co., St. Louis, MO) cotton terminals. Bollworm larvae are also found more frequently on flower buds (squares) and bolls of Bollgard as compared with those of nontransgenic cotton. However, data are not available for bollworm behavior on commercially available transgenic cotton varieties expressing 2 Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner proteins. Thus, field studies were conducted in Stoneville, MS, during 2007 and 2008 to determine whether bollworm behavior differed among cotton expressing the Cry1Ac and Cry1F proteins (Widestrike (R), Phytogen 485, PhytoGen Seed Co., LLC, Indianapolis, IN) and nonBt cotton (Phytogen 425, PhytoGen Seed Co., LLC, Indianapolis, IN). Two-day-old bollworm larvae were placed into terminals of either individual cotton plants or plants within 1-m plots during the flowering period. Comparison of larval movement away from cotton terminals between Widestrike and nonBt plants did not differ at 3, 6, 24, or 48 h after infestation. In addition, larval distribution on fruiting structures did not differ between Widestrike and nonBt cotton. These data indicate that different scouting methods for bollworm larvae should be used for the various Bt cotton technologies commercially available. C1 [Jackson, R. E.; Gore, J.; Abel, C.] ARS, USDA, SIMRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Jackson, RE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SIMRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ryan.jackson@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 45 IS 3 BP 252 EP 261 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 627DO UT WOS:000280019600007 ER PT J AU Legaspi, JC AF Legaspi, Jesusa Crisostomo TI A Preliminary Investigation of Giant Red Mustard (Brassica juncea) as a Deterrent of Silverleaf Whitefly Oviposition SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE intercropping; repellent crops; trap crops; vegetable crops; Bemisia argentifolii ID BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; ALEYRODIDAE; PREFERENCE; HOSTS; ACCEPTANCE; ECOLOGY; MASKING; CABBAGE; PLANTS AB Different pairs of plants planted in a single pot were tested in the greenhouse for oviposition preference by the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Treatments were: 2 giant red mustard plants (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.), 2 collards (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala), and 1 plant of each species in individual pots. Treatments were exposed to whitefly adults and numbers of eggs laid were counted 6 d later. Numbers of whitefly eggs were significantly lower on the mustard-mustard treatment. Average egg counts were lower on collard plants in the treatment where both host plants were presented simultaneously than in treatments where collards were presented alone. These results suggest the possibility of repellent volatiles in the giant red mustard. To test for repellent effects in the field, an experimental plot was planted with squash (Cucurbita pepo L.), cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata), broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica), collards, and cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. reticulatus). A central plot of mustard transected the experimental area. To measure any effects of distance from the mustard, weekly sampling was performed at 5 equidistant intervals of 2.4 m to a distance of 12.2 m from the central mustard plot. Results showed whitefly attraction to squash and cantaloupes and aversion to mustard, with other crops (including collards), hosting intermediate insect densities. Repellent properties of mustard at these sampling distances in the field did not affect attraction or oviposition on other crops. It is possible that the sampling distances were too large to detect any repellent effects, or any effects of volatiles were stronger within the confines of the laboratory test arena. In general, results presented in this study are preliminary. Further field research needs to be conducted to determine if intercropping giant red mustard can be a promising strategy. However, squash and cantaloupe may have potential as trap crops for whitefly, or giant red mustard may be planted as a resistant crop when heavy whitefly infestations are anticipated. C1 Florida A&M Univ, USDA, ARS, CMAVE,Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. RP Legaspi, JC (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, USDA, ARS, CMAVE,Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. EM Jesusa.Legaspi@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 45 IS 3 BP 262 EP 271 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 627DO UT WOS:000280019600008 ER PT J AU Fettig, CJ Munson, AS Jorgensen, CL Grosman, DM AF Fettig, Christopher J. Munson, A. Steven Jorgensen, Carl L. Grosman, Donald M. TI Efficacy of Fipronil for Protecting Individual Pines from Mortality Attributed to Attack by Western Pine Beetle and Mountain Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus brevicomis; Dendroctonus ponderosae; Pinus contorta; Pinus ponderosa; insecticides; tree injections C1 [Fettig, Christopher J.; Munson, A. Steven; Jorgensen, Carl L.; Grosman, Donald M.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Fettig, CJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM cfettig@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 45 IS 3 BP 296 EP 301 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 627DO UT WOS:000280019600011 ER PT J AU Jiang, T Teng, LL Wei, SQ Deng, LL Luo, ZB Chen, YP Flanagan, DC AF Jiang, Tao Teng, Lingling Wei, Shiqiang Deng, Lili Luo, Zaibo Chen, Yupeng Flanagan, Dennis C. TI Application of polyacrylamide to reduce phosphorus losses from a Chinese purple soil: A laboratory and field investigation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE PAM; Purple soil; Soil column; Leaching; Runoff plots; Phosphorus losses ID SPRINKLER IRRIGATION RUNOFF; SIMULATED LAND APPLICATION; FURROW IRRIGATION; WATER-QUALITY; AGGREGATE STABILITY; LAGOON EFFLUENT; EROSION; SEDIMENT; PAM; INFILTRATION AB Use of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) to control phosphorus (P) losses from a Chinese purple soil was studied in both a laboratory soil column experiment and a field plot experiment on a steep slope (27%). Treatments in the column study were a control, and PAM mixed uniformly into the soil at rates of 0.02, 0.05, 0.08, 0.10, and 0.20%. We found that PAM had an important inhibitory effect on vertical P transport in the soil columns, with the 0.20% PAM treatment having the greatest significant reduction in leachate soluble P concentrations and losses resulting from nine leaching periods. Field experiments were conducted on 5 m wide by 21 m long natural rainfall plots, that allowed collection of both surface runoff and subsurface drainage water. Wheat was planted and grown on all plots with typical fertilizer applied. Treatments included a control, dry PAM at 3.9 kg ha(-1), dry PAM at 3.9 kg ha(-1) applied together with lime (CaCO3 at 4.9 t ha(-1)), and dry PAM at 3.9 kg ha(-1) applied together with gypsum (CaSO4 center dot 2H(2)O at 4 t ha(-1)). Results from the field plot experiment in which 5 rainfall events resulted in measurable runoff and leachate showed that all PAM treatments significantly reduced runoff volume and total P losses in surface runoff compared to the control. The PAM treatments also all significantly reduced water volume leached to the tile drain. However, total P losses in the leachate water were not significantly different due to the treatments, perhaps due to the low PAM soil surface application rate and/or high experimental variability. The PAM alone treatment resulted in the greatest wheat growth as indicated by the plant growth indexes of wheat plant height, leaf length, leaf width, grain number per head, and dried grain mass. Growth indexes of the PAM with Calcium treatments were significantly lesser. These results indicate that the selection and use of soil amendments need to be carefully determined based upon the most important management goal at a particular site (runoff/nutrient loss control, enhanced plant growth, or a combination). (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jiang, Tao; Teng, Lingling; Wei, Shiqiang; Deng, Lili; Luo, Zaibo; Chen, Yupeng] Southwest Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chongqing 400716, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Tao; Wei, Shiqiang] Chongqing Key Lab Agr Resources & Environm, Chongqing, Peoples R China. [Flanagan, Dennis C.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Wei, SQ (reprint author), Southwest Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, POB 655, Chongqing 400716, Peoples R China. EM sqwei@swu.edu.cn FU Chongqing Science and Technology Commission [CSTC-2006AC1018]; National Key Technology R&D Program of China [2007BAD87B10] FX Financial support for this work was provided by the Chongqing Science and Technology Commission (No. CSTC-2006AC1018) and the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (No. 2007BAD87B10). The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 29 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 91 IS 7 BP 1437 EP 1445 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.02.006 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 601AD UT WOS:000278029400003 PM 20356668 ER PT J AU Chao, XB Jia, YF Shields, FD Wang, SSY Cooper, CM AF Chao, Xiaobo Jia, Yafei Shields, F. Douglas, Jr. Wang, Sam S. Y. Cooper, Charles M. TI Three-dimensional numerical simulation of water quality and sediment-associated processes with application to a Mississippi Delta lake SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Water quality model; Sediment; Phytoplankton; Nutrients, Oxbow lake ID OVERLYING WATER; RIVER; PHOSPHORUS; RELEASE; MODEL; EUTROPHICATION; PHOSPHATE; OKEECHOBEE; RESERVOIR; SORPTION AB A three-dimensional water quality model was developed for simulating temporal and spatial variations of phytoplankton, nutrients, and dissolved oxygen in freshwater bodies. Effects of suspended and bed sediment on the water quality processes were simulated. A formula was generated from field measurements to calculate the light attenuation coefficient by considering the effects of suspended sediment and chlorophyll. The processes of adsorption-desorption of nutrients by sediment were described using the Langmuir Equation. The release rates of nutrients from the bed were calculated based on the concentration gradient across the water-sediment interface and other variables including pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration. The model was calibrated and validated by applying it to simulate the concentrations of chlorophyll and nutrients in a natural oxbow lake in Mississippi Delta. The simulated time series of phytoplankton (as chlorophyll) and nutrient concentrations were generally in agreement with field observations. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to demonstrate the impacts of varying suspended sediment concentration on lake chlorophyll levels. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chao, Xiaobo; Jia, Yafei; Wang, Sam S. Y.] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Computat Hydrosci & Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. [Shields, F. Douglas, Jr.; Cooper, Charles M.] ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Chao, XB (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Computat Hydrosci & Engn, Carrier Hall 102, University, MS 38677 USA. EM chao@ncche.olemiss.edu FU USDA-ARS [58-6408-7-236]; University of Mississippi FX This study is part of the research project sponsored by the USDA-ARS Specific Research Agreement No. 58-6408-7-236 (monitored by the USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory) and the University of Mississippi. The suggestions and advice provided by Dr. Tingting Zhu and Dr. Weiming Wu of the University of Mississippi are highly appreciated. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 91 IS 7 BP 1456 EP 1466 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.02.009 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 601AD UT WOS:000278029400005 PM 20227817 ER PT J AU Lin, CH Goyne, KW Kremer, RJ Lerch, RN Garrett, HE AF Lin, Chung-Ho Goyne, Keith W. Kremer, Robert J. Lerch, Robert N. Garrett, Harold E. TI Dissipation of Sulfamethazine and Tetracycline in the Root Zone of Grass and Tree Species SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ADJACENT AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; BETA-GLUCOSAMINIDASE ACTIVITY; SULFONAMIDE ANTIBIOTICS; HERBICIDE TRANSPORT; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; POPLAR TREES; SOIL; ATRAZINE; DEGRADATION; MANURE AB The detection of veterinary antibiotics (VAs) in drinking water resources resulting from manure disposal operations has raised public health concerns. Previous studies have demonstrated the benefits of using multispecies vegetated buffer strips (VBS) to reduce agrichemical transport from agroecosystems However. VA fate and subsequent effects of VAs on microbial activities in the root zone of VBS have not been well documented A growth chamber study was conducted to investigate dissipation of two commonly administered VAs, sulfamethazine (SMZ) and tetracycline (TC), and the relationship between VA dissipation and soil enzyme activities in the root zone of selected plant species Switchgrass. eastern gammagrass, orchardgrass, and a hybrid poplar tree were grown in pots containing a Mexico silt loam/sand mixture for 3 mo, followed by plant biomass removal and collection of root zone soil Radiolabeled SMZ or TC was applied to the soils and samples were incubated in the dark for 5 wk Among the plant species studied. hybrid poplar showed enhanced capability for promoting SMZ dissipation. The half-lives of SMZ in soil planted to the poplar tree were significantly reduced by the enhanced enzymatic activity Comparison of sod enzymatic activities between the antibiotic treatments revealed that fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic and glucosaminidase enzyme activities were significantly lower in TC-treated soils than in SMZ-treated soils. The beta-glucosidase activities were similar between the two VA treatments. Correlation analyses showed that the half-life of SMZ in the soil was negatively correlated with enzymatic activity Enhanced SMZ dissipation in soil planted to hybrid poplar suggests that incorporation of this plant species in VBS may mitigate deleterious effects of SMZ in the environment C1 [Lin, Chung-Ho; Garrett, Harold E.] Univ Missouri, Ctr Agroforestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Goyne, Keith W.] Univ Missouri, Dep Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kremer, Robert J.; Lerch, Robert N.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Lin, CH (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Ctr Agroforestry, 203 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. FU University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry with the USDA-ARS [58-6227-5-029] FX We thank Amber Spohn for her valuable assistance in this manuscript This work was funded through the University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry under cooperative agreement 58-6227-5-029 with the USDA-ARS Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the University of Missouri. Mention of specific companies, products, or trade names is made only to provide information to the reader and does not constitute endorsement by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service NR 61 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 25 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 39 IS 4 BP 1269 EP 1278 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0346 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 620QK UT WOS:000279514200017 PM 20830915 ER PT J AU Mukundan, R Radcliffe, DE Ritchie, JC Risse, LM McKinley, RA AF Mukundan, R. Radcliffe, D. E. Ritchie, J. C. Risse, L. M. McKinley, R. A. TI Sediment Fingerprinting to Determine the Source of Suspended Sediment in a Southern Piedmont Stream SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; RIVER OUSE; NITROGEN; CARBON; EROSION; DYNAMICS; GEORGIA; CATCHMENT; LANDSCAPE; YORKSHIRE AB Thousands of stream miles in the southern Piedmont region are impaired because of high levels of suspended sediment It is unclear if the source is upland erosion from agricultural sources or bank erosion of historic sediment deposited in the flood plains between 1830 and 1930 when cotton farming was extensive The objective or ibis study was to determine the source of high stream suspended sediment concentrations in a. typical southern Piedmont watershed using sediment fingerprinting techniques Twenty-one potential tracers were tested for their ability to discriminate between sources, conservative behavior, and lack of redundancy Tracer concentrations were determined in potential sediment sources (forests, pastures, row crop fields, stream banks, and unpaved roads and construction sites), and suspended sediment samples collected from the stream and analyzed using mixing models Results indicated that (137)Cs and (15)N were the best tracers to discriminate potential sediment sources in this watershed The delta(15)N values showed distinct signatures in all the potential suspended sediment sources, and delta(15)N was a unique tracer to differentiate stream bank sod from upland subsurface soils, such as sod from construction sites, unpaved roads, ditches, and field gullies Mixing models showed that about 60% of the stream suspended sediment originated from eroding stream banks, 23 to 30% from upland subsoil sources (c g, construction sites and unpaved roads), and about 10 to 15% from pastures The results may be applicable to other watersheds in the Piedmont depending on the extent of urbanization occurring in these watersheds. Better understanding of the sources of fine sediment has practical implications on the type of sediment control measures to be adopted Investment of resources in improving water quality should consider the factors causing stream bank erosion and erosion from unpaved roads and construction sites to water quality impairment C1 [Mukundan, R.; Radcliffe, D. E.; McKinley, R. A.] Univ Georgia, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Ritchie, J. C.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. [Risse, L. M.] Univ Georgia, Dep Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Mukundan, R (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. FU USDA-CSREES [2007-51130-03869] FX This study was supported by the USDA-CSREES grant no 2007-51130-03869 (A New Approach to Sediment TMDL Watersheds in the Southern Piedmont) NR 49 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 5 U2 40 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 39 IS 4 BP 1328 EP 1337 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0405 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 620QK UT WOS:000279514200023 PM 20830921 ER PT J AU Krutz, LJ Shaner, DL Zablotowicz, RM AF Krutz, L. Jason Shaner, Dale L. Zablotowicz, Robert M. TI Enhanced Degradation and Soil Depth Effects on the Fate of Atrazine and Major Metabolites in Colorado and Mississippi Soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; MINERALIZATION RATES; SUBSURFACE SOILS; FIELD CONDITIONS; SURFACE RUNOFF; WEED-CONTROL; ROOT-ZONE; PESTICIDE; RZWQM; MODEL AB The aim of this report is to inform modelers of the differences in atrazine fate between s-triazine-adapted and nonadapted soils as a function of depth in the profile and to recommend atrazine and metabolite input values for pesticide process submodules The objectives of this study were to estimate the atrazine-mineralizing bacterial population, cumulative atrazine mineralization, atrazine persistence. and metabolite (desethylatrazine [DEA], deisopropylatrazine [DIA] and hydroxyatrazine [HA]) formation and degradation in Colorado and Mississippi s-triazine-adapted and nonadapted soils at three depths (0-5, 5-15, and 15-30 cm) Regardless of depth, the AM BP and cumulative atrazine no was at least 3 8-fold higher in s-triazine-adapted than in nonadapted soils Atrazine half-life (T(1/2)) values pooled over nonadapted sods and depths approximated historic estimates (T(1/2) = 60 d) Atrazine persistence in all depths of s-triazine-adapted soils was at least fourfold lower than that of the nonadapted soil Atrazine metabolite concentrations were lower in s-triazine-adapted than in nonadapted soil by 35 d after incubation regardless of depth Results indicate that (i) reasonable fate and transport modeling of atrazine will require identifying if soils are adapted to s-triazine herbicides For example, our data confirm the 60-d T(1/2) for atrazine in nonadapted soils, but a default input value of 6 d for atrazine is required for s-triazine adapted soils (ii) Literature estimates for DEA, DIA, and HA T(1/2) values in nonadapted soils are 52, 36, and 60 d. respectively, whereas our analysis indicates that reasonable T(1/2) values for s-triazine adapted soils are 10 d for DEA, 8 d for DIA, and 6 d for HA (iii) An estimate for the relative distribution of DIA, DEA, and HA produced in nonadapted soils is 18, 72, and 10% of parent, respectively. In s-triazine adapted soils, the values were 6, 23, and 71% for DIA, DEA, and HA, respectively The effects of soil adaptation on metabolite distribution need to be confirmed in field experiments. C1 [Krutz, L. Jason; Zablotowicz, Robert M.] ARS, USDA, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Shaner, Dale L.] ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Krutz, LJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998; Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 39 IS 4 BP 1369 EP 1377 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0197 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 620QK UT WOS:000279514200027 PM 20830925 ER PT J AU Lentz, RD Lehrsch, GA AF Lentz, R. D. Lehrsch, G. A. TI Nutrients in Runoff from a Furrow-Irrigated Field after Incorporating Inorganic Fertilizer or Manure SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID STREAM WATER-QUALITY; SURFACE IRRIGATION; PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; PERENNIAL PASTURE; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; SEDIMENT LOSSES; EROSION; NITROGEN; FLOW; POLYACRYLAMIDE AB Use of dairy manure to supply crop nutrients is gaining broader acceptance as the cost of fertilizer rises However, there are concerns regarding manure's effect on water quality In 2003 and 2004, we measured sediment, NO(3)-N, NH(4)-N, K, dissolved reactive P (DRP), and total P (TP) concentrations in runoff from furrow irrigated field plots (6-7 irrigations yr(-1)) cropped to corn (Zea mays L.) in the semiarid climate of southern Idaho Annual treatments included 13 (Year 1) and 34 Mg ha(-1) (Year 2) stockpiled dairy manure (M), 78 (Year 1) and 195 kg N ha(-1) (Year 2) inorganic N fertilizer (F), or control-no amendment (C) Available N in manure applied each year was similar to amounts applied in fertilizer Constituent concentrations (mg h(-1)) in runoff ranged widely among all treatments sediment, -10 to 50,000, NO(3)-N, 0 to 4 07, NH(4)-N, 0 to 2.28; K, 36 to 46.4; DRP, 0 02 to 14 3. and TP 0 03 to 41 5. Over both years, fertilizer and manure treatments increased irrigation mean values (averaged across irrigations) for NO(3)-N runoff concentrations (M = 0 30, F = 0.26, C = 0.21 mg L(-1)) and mass losses (M = 0 50. F = 0.42, C = 0 33 kg ha(-1)) relative to the control. Over both years, the manure treatment also increased mean irrigation runoff concentrations of DRP (M 0.19, F = 0.09, C = 0 08 mg L(-1)) and K (M = 113, F = 079, C = 0 62 mg L(-1)) compared with fertilizer and control plots Average DRP and K runoff mass losses were 2 0 to 24 times greater in manure treatments than in control plots. Neither F or M affected season-long cumulative in Runoff DRP and inorganic-N losses appeared to be influenced more by the timing of the amendment application and environmental conditions than by the quantity of nutrients applied Nutrient additions to furrow irrigated sods, whether from fertilizer or manure, can potentially increase nutrient losses in irrigation runoff with the degree of impact depending on the nutrient, amount, and timing of application and whether inorganic fertilizer or manure was applied C1 [Lentz, R. D.; Lehrsch, G. A.] ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Lentz, RD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 39 IS 4 BP 1402 EP 1415 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0374 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 620QK UT WOS:000279514200030 PM 20830928 ER PT J AU Varel, VH Wells, JE Berry, ED Miller, DN AF Varel, Vincent H. Wells, James E. Berry, Elaine D. Miller, Dan N. TI Manure Odor Potential and Escherichia coli Concentrations in Manure Slurries of Feedlot Steers Fed 40% Corn Wet Distillers Grains SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; INDOLIC COMPOUNDS; CATTLE FEEDLOTS; BEEF-CATTLE; SOLUBLES; BACTERIA; ORIGIN; DEGRADATION; PREVALENCE AB This study evaluated feeding 0 and 40% wet distillers grams with solubles (WDGS) diets to cattle and the effects on feedlot manure collected from soil-based pens and incubated for 28 d. Steers (n = 603; 261 +/- 32 kg) were fed in eight pens (15 x 150 m) of 75 to 77 steers per pen. Two consecutive experiments were conducted with WDGS-one in which the corn source fed with WDGS was high-moisture and one in which WDGS was fed with dry-rolled corn We compared odorants (volatile fatty acids [VFAs], aromatic compounds, NH(3), H(2)S) and persistence of Escherichia coli in feedlot manure slurries stored from 0 to 28 d. From both experiments, manure collected from cattle fed 40% WDGS had lower (P < 0.05) total VFAs, including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, all of which continued to be lower to 28 d However, these slurries had greater concentrations (p < 0.05) of branched-chained VFAS (isobutyrate and isovalerate), especially after 14 d of incubations. Similarly, p-cresol and skatole concentrations tended to be greater in slurries originating from 40% WDGS diets and increased with incubation time. Indole was initially greater in the slurries from 40% WDGS diets, however, it was metabolized by microbes during incubation. Manure slurries from the 40% WDGS diets had greater quantities of H(2)S, NH(3), and P (P < 0 05) Levels of E coli in 0 and 40% WDGS manure slurries were similar when high-moisture corn was used in the diets However, when dry-rolled corn was used, E coli pcisisted longer in 40% WDGS manure slurries in comparison to 0% WDGS. Results here support earlier studies that suggest feeding WDGS increases odor emissions, N loss, E coli survival, and surface water contamination due to greater potential P runoff C1 [Varel, Vincent H.; Wells, James E.; Berry, Elaine D.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Miller, Dan N.] ARS, USDA, Agroecosyst Management Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Varel, VH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. OI Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 39 IS 4 BP 1498 EP 1506 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0472 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 620QK UT WOS:000279514200038 PM 20830936 ER PT J AU Liu, H Takano, T Peatman, E Abernathy, J Wang, SL Sha, ZX Kucuktas, H Xu, DH Klesius, P Liu, ZJ AF Liu, Hong Takano, Tomokazu Peatman, Eric Abernathy, Jason Wang, Shaolin Sha, Zhenxia Kucuktas, Huseyin Xu, De-Hai Klesius, Phillip Liu, Zhanjiang TI Molecular Characterization and Gene Expression of the Channel Catfish Ferritin H Subunit After Bacterial Infection and Iron Treatment SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-ECOLOGICAL GENETICS AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BAC-END SEQUENCES; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS; EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI; TREMATOMUS-BERNACCHII; REGULATORY PROTEINS; MARKER DEVELOPMENT; INITIAL ANALYSIS; STORAGE PROTEIN; INDUCIBLE GENE AB Ferritins are the major iron storage protein in the cytoplasm of cells, responsible for regulating levels of intracellular iron. Ferritin genes are widely distributed in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In mammals, ferritin molecules are composed of heavy- (H) and light- (L) chain subunits; amphibian genomes contain three ferritin-type genes (H; middle, M; and L subunits); and teleost genomes to date contain H and M subunits. The objective of this study was to characterize the ferritin H gene in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) to determine its genomic organization and copy numbers, to determine its patterns of tissue expression, and to establish if it is involved in defense responses of catfish after bacterial infection. The catfish ferritin H gene was completely sequenced and characterized, using both mRNA and genomic DNA. Catfish ferritin H gene has a full-length mRNA sequence of 999 bp, an open reading frame of 534 bp, and 4,704 bp genomic DNA sequence. Catfish ferritin H has a 5 exon and 4 intron genetic organization, containing a long 5'-untranslated region, which shares high similarity with mammalian and zebrafish genes. Based on phylogenetic analyses, the catfish ferritin H gene is highly conserved throughout evolution. Southern blot analysis suggested that the ferritin H gene has only one copy in the catfish genome. The catfish ferritin H gene was widely expressed in various healthy tissues. The catfish ferritin H gene was significantly up-regulated in the liver after intraperitoneal injection of iron dextran and coinjection of Edwardsiella ictaluri and iron dextran treatment, suggesting its role in iron metabolism and immunity. J. Exp. Zool. 313A:359-368, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Liu, Hong; Takano, Tomokazu; Peatman, Eric; Abernathy, Jason; Wang, Shaolin; Sha, Zhenxia; Kucuktas, Huseyin; Liu, Zhanjiang] Auburn Univ, Fish Mol Genet & Biotechnol Lab, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Liu, Hong; Takano, Tomokazu; Peatman, Eric; Abernathy, Jason; Wang, Shaolin; Sha, Zhenxia; Kucuktas, Huseyin; Liu, Zhanjiang] Auburn Univ, Program Cell & Mol Biosci, Aquat Genom Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Liu, Hong] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Fisheries, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Sha, Zhenxia] Chinese Acad Fishery Sci, Key Lab Sustainable Utilizat Marine Fisheries Res, Minist Agr, Yellow Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Xu, De-Hai; Klesius, Phillip] ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL USA. RP Liu, ZJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Fish Mol Genet & Biotechnol Lab, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM zliu@acesag.auburn.edu RI Wang, Shaolin/M-2282-2013; OI Wang, Shaolin/0000-0003-0866-4584; Abernathy, Jason/0000-0001-6084-8239 FU USDA ARS Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory [58-6420-5-030]; USDA-NRI [2009-35205-05101]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30871941] FX Grant Sponsor: USDA ARS Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Grant number: 58-6420-5-030; Grant Sponsor: USDA NRI Animal Genome Basic Genome Reagents and Tools Program; Grant number: 2009-35205-05101; Grant Sponsor: National Natural Science Foundation of China; Grant number: 30871941.; This project was supported in part by a Specific Cooperative Agreement with USDA ARS Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Auburn, Alabama, under Contract Number 58-6420-5-030, in part by a grant from USDA NRI Animal Genome Basic Genome Reagents and Tools Program (USDA/NRICGP award# 2009-35205-05101), and in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Grant number: 30871941. We thank Jeffery Terhune for providing the catfish; Fei Chen, Jianguo Lu, Lilian Wong, Ludmilla Kaltenboeck, Parichat Ninwichian, Shikai Liu, Wengi Wang, Yanliang Jiang, and Yoona Lee for their help with taking the tissue samples. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1932-5223 J9 J EXP ZOOL PART A JI J. Exp. Zool. Part A PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 313A IS 6 BP 359 EP 368 DI 10.1002/jez.606 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 619CP UT WOS:000279406800005 PM 20336795 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, CA LaFrentz, BR Klesius, PH Evans, JJ AF Shoemaker, C. A. LaFrentz, B. R. Klesius, P. H. Evans, J. J. TI Protection against heterologous Streptococcus iniae isolates using a modified bacterin vaccine in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE bacterin vaccine; Oreochromis niloticus; protein profiles; Streptococcus iniae; Western blot ID FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-OLIVACEUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; NORTH-AMERICA; FISH; EFFICACY; VIRULENCE; IMMUNIZATION; INFECTIONS; PATHOGEN; STRAINS AB Streptococcus iniae is a significant pathogen impacting aquaculture production worldwide. The objectives of this study were to determine whether a developed modified S. iniae (ARS-98-60) bacterin vaccine is efficacious in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), against challenge with heterologous isolates from diverse geographical locations and to evaluate protein and antigenic variability among the isolates tested. Two groups of tilapia (approximately 5 g) were intraperitoneally (IP) vaccinated with 100 mu L of the vaccine or sham vaccinated with 100 mu L of sterile tryptic soy broth and held for 28 days. Fish were challenged with each isolate by IP injection of 2-3 x 10(7) CFU per fish using calcein to mark fish prior to cohabitation for challenge. The results demonstrated significant protection against all challenge isolates, and relative percent survivals ranged from 79% to 100%. SDS-PAGE analysis of whole-cell lysate proteins from the S. iniae isolates demonstrated similar protein profiles between 10 and 31 kDa and variation in profiles between 35 and 100 kDa. Western blot analysis using antiserum from vaccinated fish (ARS-98-60) demonstrated shared immunogenic proteins among all isolates in the molecular mass range of 22-35 kDa and high molecular mass material > 150 kDa. The results suggest that the developed S. iniae vaccine has broad ranging protection among isolates exhibiting different protein profiles. C1 [Shoemaker, C. A.; LaFrentz, B. R.; Klesius, P. H.] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Evans, J. J.] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Chestertown, MD USA. RP Shoemaker, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM craig.shoemaker@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [6420-32000-019-00D] FX The authors thank Paige Mumma and Alberta Pink and the animal care staff for their technical contributions. We also thank Dr David Pasnik and Dr Julia Pridgeon for critically reading the manuscript. This work was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS No. 6420-32000-019-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 33 IS 7 BP 537 EP 544 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01148.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 608XV UT WOS:000278620200001 PM 20298447 ER PT J AU Polinski, MP Fehringer, TR Johnson, KA Snekvik, KR LaPatra, SE LaFrentz, BR Ireland, SC Cain, KD AF Polinski, M. P. Fehringer, T. R. Johnson, K. A. Snekvik, K. R. LaPatra, S. E. LaFrentz, B. R. Ireland, S. C. Cain, K. D. TI Characterization of susceptibility and carrier status of burbot, Lota lota (L.), to IHNV, IPNV, Flavobacterium psychrophilum, Aeromonas salmonicida and Renibacterium salmoninarum SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Aeromonas salmonicida; burbot; Flavobacterium psychrophilum; IHNV; IPNV; Renibacterium salmoninarum ID HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; VIRULENCE MECHANISMS; SUBSP SALMONICIDA; FRY SYNDROME; BULL TROUT; FISH; DISEASE; INFECTION; WALBAUM AB In this study, susceptibility and potential carrier status of burbot, Lota lota, were assessed for five important fish pathogens. Burbot demonstrated susceptibility and elevated mortality following challenge with infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) by immersion and to Aeromonas salmonicida by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. IHNV persisted in fish for at least 28 days, whereas A. salmonicida was not re-isolated beyond 17 days post-challenge. In contrast, burbot appeared refractory to Flavobacterium psychrophilum following intramuscular (i.m.) injection and to infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) by immersion. However, i.p injection of IPNV resulted in re-isolation of virus from fish for the duration of the 28 day challenge. Renibacterium salmoninarum appeared to induce an asymptomatic carrier state in burbot following i.p. injection, but overt manifestation of disease was not apparent. Viable bacteria persisted in fish for at least 41 days, and bacterial DNA isolated by diagnostic polymerase chain reaction was detected from burbot kidney tissue 90 days after initial exposure. This study is the first to investigate susceptibility of burbot to selected fish pathogens, and this information will aid in efforts to culture and manage this species. C1 [Polinski, M. P.; Fehringer, T. R.; Cain, K. D.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Johnson, K. A.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Eagle Fish Hlth Lab, Eagle, ID USA. [Snekvik, K. R.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [LaPatra, S. E.] Clear Springs Foods Inc, Div Res, Buhl, ID USA. [LaFrentz, B. R.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL USA. [Ireland, S. C.] Kootenai Tribe Idaho, Ferry, ID USA. RP Cain, KD (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM kcain@uidaho.edu FU Kootenai Tribe of Idaho [30729, 37267] FX Funding for this work was provided by the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho through contracts with the Bonneville Power Administration (Project 198806400/Contract 30729 and 37267). We thank staff at the Aquaculture Research Institute for providing fish and assisting in care during this study; particularly Nathan Jensen, Scott Barnes and Chris Thorton. We also thank Christine Moffitt, David Burbank and Amy Long for aiding in challenge procedures. We gratefully acknowledge staff at Clear Springs Foods, specifically Bill Shewmaker and Merle Higgins as well as Bill Batts and Gael Kurath at the US Geological Survey Western Fish Disease Laboratory, and Laura Kessel and Kathy Clemens at the Idaho Department of Fish and Game Idaho Fish Health Center for providing viral isolates and giving constructive advice for the development of experimental methods used in this study. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7775 EI 1365-2761 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 33 IS 7 BP 559 EP 570 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01152.x PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 608XV UT WOS:000278620200003 PM 20367740 ER PT J AU Ukuku, DO Geveke, DJ Zhang, HQ AF Ukuku, Dike O. Geveke, David J. Zhang, Howard Q. TI Resuscitation of radio frequency electric fields injured Escherichia coli cells in nutrient and non-nutrient media during storage SO JOURNAL OF FOOD AGRICULTURE & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE RFEF; injury; inactivation; E. coli; apple juice; magnesium chloride; calcium chloride ID HIGH HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; APPLE JUICE; MEMBRANE DAMAGE; HEAVY-METALS; FRUIT JUICES; INACTIVATION; O157-H7; SALMONELLA; BACTERIA AB The need for a nonthermal intervention technology that can achieve microbial safety without altering nutritional quality of liquid foods led to the development of radio frequency electric fields (RFEF) process. However, data on the exact mechanism of bacterial inactivation using RFEF is limited. In this study, we investigated the behavior of RFEF surviving and injured Escherichia coli populations in apple juice treated at 55 C and inoculated in 9 ml phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.2), 0.1% peptone water (PW, pH 7.2), deionized distilled water (ddH(2)O, pH 6.9), tryptone soy broth (TSB, pH 7.1) and apple juice (AJ, pH 3.8) at a final concentration of 3 log CFU/ml. Samples were monitored periodically (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 h) during storage at 5 and 23 C by plating 0.1 ml samples on tryptic soy agar (TSA) amended with 0, 1.5 and 3.0 mM calcium chloride and magnesium chloride, and Sorbitol MacConkey agar (SMAC) plates. Cell populations determined on TSA plates without calcium chloride and magnesium chloride averaged 3 log CFU/ml and 3.4 log CFU/ml on plates containing 1.5 and 3.0 mM calcium chloride and magnesium chloride. Though cell populations determined were slightly higher (3.4 log CFU/ml) than the initial 3 log CFU/ml, these numbers were not significantly (p<0.05) different. In liquid media without the cation species, the surviving and injured RFEF-treated cell populations decreased from 3 log to an average of 1.3 log CFU/ml while these populations decreased to only 2.2 log CFU/ml in media amended with these salts. An application of moderate heat (55 degrees C) to the RFEF provided a much greater effect on the injured bacteria populations than when used alone to enhance the inactivation of the bacteria. The results of this study indicate that the ability of added Ca2+ and Mg2+ to aid cellular repair of RFEF injured E. coli is dependent on both cation species and environmental conditions. C1 [Ukuku, Dike O.; Geveke, David J.; Zhang, Howard Q.] ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Ukuku, DO (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dike.ukuku@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU WFL PUBL PI HELSINKI PA MERI-RASTILANTIE 3 C, HELSINKI, FI-00980, FINLAND SN 1459-0255 J9 J FOOD AGRIC ENVIRON JI J. Food Agric. Environ. PD JUL-OCT PY 2010 VL 8 IS 3-4 BP 170 EP 174 PN 1 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 704GT UT WOS:000286039800027 ER PT J AU Sheffield, C Rosario-Cortes, C Bischoff, K AF Sheffield, Cynthia Rosario-Cortes, Cecilia Bischoff, Kenneth TI Ribotype and serotype diversity of Escherichia coli isolates from poultry and human sources SO JOURNAL OF FOOD AGRICULTURE & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli; ribotype; serotype; human; poultry ID FINGERPRINTING METHODS; VIRULENCE FACTORS; BROILER-CHICKENS; FECAL POLLUTION; STRAINS; ANIMALS; CONTAMINATION; VARIABILITY; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE AB Escherichia coli isolates from the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico were analyzed to evaluate the genetic relatedness and serotype. Ribotype was determined using the RiboPrinter (R) Microbial Characterization System following DNA digestion with the restriction enzyme EcoRI. A total of 41 ribogroups were isolated. These segregated into three clusters, one cluster contained only poultry isolates, the second contained only human isolates and the third contained 55% poultry isolates and 45% human isolates. Results showed a high level of ribotypic relatedness within the E. coli isolates that could infect both poultry and human sources. E. coli isolates collected from exclusively poultry or human sources showed a high level of ribotypic diversity. Serotype was determined using antisera against somatic (0) antigens. A total of 22 serotypes were identified, of which six were typical of the avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) strains and six contained both human and poultry isolates. C1 [Sheffield, Cynthia] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Rosario-Cortes, Cecilia] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Anim Prod, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Bischoff, Kenneth] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61603 USA. RP Sheffield, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM cindy.sheffield@ars.usda.gov; rosario@servidor.unam.mx; bischoffk@ncaur.usda.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WFL PUBL PI HELSINKI PA MERI-RASTILANTIE 3 C, HELSINKI, FI-00980, FINLAND SN 1459-0255 J9 J FOOD AGRIC ENVIRON JI J. Food Agric. Environ. PD JUL-OCT PY 2010 VL 8 IS 3-4 BP 211 EP 216 PN 1 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 704GT UT WOS:000286039800036 ER PT J AU Qu, WJ Pan, ZL Ma, HL AF Qu, Wenjuan Pan, Zhongli Ma, Haile TI Extraction modeling and activities of antioxidants from pomegranate marc SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Pomegranate; Marc; Phenolic compound; Antioxidant extraction; Kinetics; Activity; Particle size; Temperature; Time; Solvent/solid ratio ID SOLID-LIQUID EXTRACTION; PUNICA-GRANATUM PEEL; ARRHENIUS MODEL; KINETICS; JUICE; PRODUCTS; FRUIT; PULP AB To develop value-added antioxidants from the peel and seeds of pomegranate marc, a by-product after pomegranate juice processing, the effects of drying before extraction and processing parameters on the extraction kinetics and product properties were systematically studied using water as an environmental friendly solvent for the extraction. The results showed that the drying process did not significantly affect the yield, content, and activity of antioxidants from either the peel or seeds. The antioxidants extracted from the peel had higher yield and content than those from the seeds. The yield and content of antioxidants increased with reduced particle size and increased water/sample ratio and temperature, but antioxidant activity was low when extraction temperature was high. By considering the antioxidant activity and operation cost, the recommended extraction conditions were peel particle size of 0.2 mm, water/peel ratio of 50/1 (w/w), temperature of 25 degrees C, and extraction time of 2 min, which gave the high antioxidant yield (11.5%) and content (22.9%), and DPPH scavenging activity of 6.2 g/g. Kinetic models were successfully developed for describing the extraction processes with different processing parameters. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pan, Zhongli] ARS, Processed Foods Res Unit, USDA, W Reg Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. [Qu, Wenjuan; Ma, Haile] Jiangsu Univ, Sch Food & Biol Engn, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Qu, Wenjuan; Pan, Zhongli] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Pan, ZL (reprint author), ARS, Processed Foods Res Unit, USDA, W Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. EM zlpan@ucdavis.edu FU Western Regional Research Center of USDA-ARS; Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, USA FX This research was conducted at the Western Regional Research Center of USDA-ARS and Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, USA. The authors thank Mr. Donald Olson and Dr. Griffiths G. Atungulu for their support in this research and Stiebs Pomegranate Inc. for providing the pomegranate marc materials. NR 31 TC 112 Z9 119 U1 9 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 99 IS 1 BP 16 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.01.020 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 595XF UT WOS:000277646500003 ER PT J AU Berry, ED Wells, JE Arthur, TM Woodbury, BL Nienaber, JA Brown-Brandl, TM Eigenberg, RA AF Berry, Elaine D. Wells, James E. Arthur, Terrance M. Woodbury, Bryan L. Nienaber, John A. Brown-Brandl, Tami M. Eigenberg, Roger A. TI Soil versus Pond Ash Surfacing of Feedlot Pens: Occurrence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Cattle and Persistence in Manure SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID COLI O157-H7 INFECTION; WET DISTILLERS GRAINS; BEEF-CATTLE; UNITED-STATES; BOVINE FECES; RISK-FACTORS; PREVALENCE; SALMONELLA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CARCASS AB Reducing Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cattle and their manure is critical for reducing the risk for human foodborne and waterborne illness. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil and pond ash surfaces for feedlot pens on the prevalence, levels, and/or persistence of naturally occurring E. coli O157:H7 and total E. coli in cattle (feces and hides) and manure. Cattle (128 beef heifers) were sorted among 16 pens: 8 surfaced with soil and 8 surfaced with pond ash. The prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in feces decreased (P < 0.0001) during the study from 57.0% on day 0 to 3.9% on day 84 but did not differ (P >= 0.05) between cattle on soil and on pond ash pens at any sampling period. The prevalence of the pathogen on hides and in feedlot surface material (FSM) also decreased (P < 0.0001), with no effect of soil or pond ash surface (P >= 0.05). Similarly, levels of E. coli in FSM did not differ (P >= 0.05) at any sampling period, and there were no clear trends for survival differences of E. coli O157:H7 or E. coli in FSM between pond ash and soil surfaces, although E. coli populations survived at 5.0 log CFU/g of FSM on the pen surfaces 6 weeks after the cattle were removed. These results indicate that housing cattle on pens surfaced with pond ash versus pens surfaced with soil does not affect E. coli O157:H7 in cattle or their manure. C1 [Berry, Elaine D.; Wells, James E.; Arthur, Terrance M.; Woodbury, Bryan L.; Nienaber, John A.; Brown-Brandl, Tami M.; Eigenberg, Roger A.] ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Berry, ED (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Elaine.Berry@ars.usda.gov FU Beef Checkoff FX The authors thank Jane Long, Dee Kucera, Sandra Cummins, Cindy Felber, Pamela Woods, Frank Reno, Bruce Jasch, Greg Smith, Nor Kalchayanand, Michael Guerini, and Mick Bosilevac for their help in sample collection and microbial analyses. We also thank Janel Nierman for her assistance in the preparation of this manuscript. This project was funded in part by the Beef Checkoff. NR 53 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 73 IS 7 BP 1269 EP 1277 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 627TA UT WOS:000280064600008 PM 20615339 ER PT J CA Natl Advisory Comm Microbiological TI Assessment of Food as a Source of Exposure to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Review ID REAL-TIME PCR; PASTEURIZED COWS MILK; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BULK-TANK MILK; NATURALLY INFECTED FECES; RAW-MILK; SSP-PARATUBERCULOSIS; FECAL CULTURE; DAIRY-COWS AB The National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods assessed the importance of food as a source of exposure to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). MAP is the causative agent of Johne's disease, which affects primarily the small intestine of all ruminants. The significance of MAP as a human pathogen is unknown and is being investigated by several research groups. This document also reviews the efficacy of current detection methods, processing interventions, and MAP inactivation. Research needs related to MAP are provided. The Committee reached the following conclusions: current methods for detection of MAP have significant limitations, and a standard method for the detection of viable MAP cells is needed. Aside from MAP-infected domestic ruminant animals, the organism is found infrequently. If MAP in cattle is controlled, the source of MAP in other animals, food, and water may largely be eliminated. Milk, particularly raw milk, may be a likely food source for human exposure to MAP. Given the prevalence of MAP in U.S. cattle herds, ground beef may be a potential source of MAP. Although humans may be exposed to MAP through a variety of routes, including food and the environment, the frequency and amount of exposure will require additional research. C1 [Natl Advisory Comm Microbiological] USDA, NACMCF Execut Secretariat, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP USDA, NACMCF Execut Secretariat, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Room 333 Aerosp Ctr,1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Food and Drug Administration; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Marine Fisheries Service; U.S. Department of Defense, Veterinary Service Activity; U.S. Department of Agriculture; NACMCF FX Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; U.S. Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service; and U.S. Department of Defense, Veterinary Service Activity. This article may be reproduced without prior permission.; Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and other NACMCF sponsoring agencies. NR 149 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 73 IS 7 BP 1357 EP 1397 PG 41 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 627TA UT WOS:000280064600023 ER PT J AU Edwards, PJ Williard, KWJ AF Edwards, Pamela J. Williard, Karl W. J. TI Efficiencies of Forestry Best Management Practices for Reducing Sediment and Nutrient Losses in the Eastern United States SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE harvesting; nitrogen; paired watersheds; phosphorus; water quality ID WATER-QUALITY; SOUTHEASTERN PIEDMONT; NONPOINT POLLUTION; COASTAL-PLAIN; STREAMSIDE; STREAMFLOW; HARDWOODS; PATTERNS; VIRGINIA AB Quantifying the effects of forestry best management practices (BMPs) on sediment and nutrient loads is a critical need. Through an exhaustive literature search, three paired forested watershed studies in the eastern United States were found that permitted the calculation of BMP efficiencies-the percent reduction in sediment or nutrients achieved by BMPs. For sediment, BMP efficiencies ranged from 53 to 94% during harvest and up to 1 year after harvesting. For nutrients, BMP efficiencies were higher for total nitrogen (60-80%) and phosphorus (85-86%), which included particulate and sediment-bound forms, than for nitrate-nitrogen (12%), which occurs primarily in the dissolved phase. Results indicate forestry BMPs can significantly reduce sediment and nutrient loads; however, BMPs appear to be more effective at reducing pollutants associated with surface runoff than with subsurface flow. C1 [Edwards, Pamela J.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. [Williard, Karl W. J.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Forestry, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Edwards, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, POB 404, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. EM pjedwards@fs.fed.us; williard@siu.edu NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 10 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 EI 1938-3746 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 108 IS 5 BP 245 EP 249 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 636XR UT WOS:000280778300004 ER PT J AU Zunino, SJ Zhang, YJ Seeram, NP Storms, DH AF Zunino, Susan J. Zhang, Yanjun Seeram, Navindra P. Storms, David H. TI Berry fruit extracts inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells in vitro SO JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS LA English DT Article DE Leukemia; ALL; Apoptosis; Berries; Cell cycle; Phenolics AB Dark coloured fruits contain many phytochemicals that have anti-cancer activity The ability of extracts of berry fruits to kill leukemia cell lines derived from patients with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) carrying the t(4;11)(q21;q23) chromosomal translocation was investigated. Extracts enriched in phenolic compounds were prepared from blackberries, blueberries, red, green, and black grapes, raspberries, and strawberry powder, and the leukemia-derived cell lines SEM, RS4;11, and REH were treated with 0, 25, 50, and 100 mu g/ml of each berry extract daily for a total of 72 h. Mitochondrial membrane depolarization, cell death, cell cycle, and nitric oxide generation in response to treatment were measured by flow cytometry. Extracts from blackberries, blueberries, red and black grapes, and strawberry powder induced varying levels of apoptotic cell death in the leukemia cells. For most treatments, cell death was accompanied by an arrest in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. An S phase arrest was also observed for SEM and REH cells treated with strawberry or blackberry extract. Our data suggest that phenolic phytochemicals found in berry fruits may have substantial potential for the prevention or treatment of high-risk ALL and further evaluations are warranted in vivo. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zunino, Susan J.; Storms, David H.] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Zhang, Yanjun; Seeram, Navindra P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Human Nutr, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Zunino, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM susan.zunino@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1756-4646 J9 J FUNCT FOODS JI J. Funct. Food. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 2 IS 3 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.jff.2010.04.007 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA V27PP UT WOS:000208625400003 ER PT J AU Stanker, LH Serban, AV Cleveland, E Hnasko, R Lemus, A Safar, J DeArmond, SJ Prusiner, SB AF Stanker, Larry H. Serban, Ana V. Cleveland, Elisa Hnasko, Robert Lemus, Azucena Safar, Jiri DeArmond, Stephen J. Prusiner, Stanley B. TI Conformation-Dependent High-Affinity Monoclonal Antibodies to Prion Proteins SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; SCRAPIE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN; MOUSE SCRAPIE; VARIANT CJD; PRP; DISEASE; ASSAY; MICE; TRANSMISSION; PURIFICATION AB Prion diseases are fatal, neurodegenerative illnesses caused by the accumulation of PrP(Sc), an aberrantly folded isoform of the normal, cellular prion protein. Detection of PrP(Sc) commonly relies on immunochemical methods, a strategy hampered by the lack of Abs specific for this disease-causing isoform. In this article, we report the generation of eight mAbs against prion protein (PrP) following immunization of Prnp-null mice with rPrP. The eight mAbs exhibited distinct differential binding to cellular prion protein and PrP(Sc) from different species as well as PrP-derived synthetic peptides. Five of the eight mAbs exhibited binding to discontinuous PrP epitopes, all of which were disrupted by the addition of 2-ME or DTT, which reduced the single disulfide bond found in PrP. One mAb F20-29 reacted only with human PrP, whereas the F4-31 mAb bound bovine PrP; the K(D) values for mAbs F4-31 and F20-29 were similar to 500 pM. Binding of all five conformation-dependent mAbs to PrP was inhibited by 2-ME in ELISA, Western blots, and histoblots. One conformation-dependent mAb F4-31 increased the sensitivity of an ELISA-based test by nearly 500-fold when it was used as the capture Ab. These new conformation-dependent mAbs were found to be particularly useful in histoblotting studies, in which the low backgrounds after treatment with 2-ME created unusually high signal-to-noise ratios. The Journal of Immunology, 2010, 185: 729-737. C1 [Serban, Ana V.; Cleveland, Elisa; Safar, Jiri; DeArmond, Stephen J.; Prusiner, Stanley B.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Neurodegenerat Dis, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Lemus, Azucena; DeArmond, Stephen J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pathol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Prusiner, Stanley B.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Stanker, Larry H.; Hnasko, Robert] ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Prusiner, SB (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Neurodegenerat Dis, 513 Parnassus Ave,HSE 774, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM stanley@ind.ucsf.edu RI Safar, Jiri/G-6512-2013 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative Agreement [58-5325-3-246]; National Institutes of Health [AG02132, AG10770, AG021601, AG031220, AI064709]; G. Harold and Leila Y. Mathers Charitable Foundation; Sherman Fairchild Foundation; Schott Foundation for Public Education; Robert Galvin FX This work was supported by a U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative Agreement (58-5325-3-246), by grants from the National Institutes of Health (AG02132, AG10770, AG021601, AG031220, and AI064709), and by gifts from the G. Harold and Leila Y. Mathers Charitable Foundation, Sherman Fairchild Foundation, Schott Foundation for Public Education, and Robert Galvin. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 185 IS 1 BP 729 EP 737 DI 10.4049/jimmunol.0902930 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 612VS UT WOS:000278933800079 PM 20530267 ER PT J AU Walter, AJ Venette, RC Kells, SA Seybold, SJ AF Walter, Abigail J. Venette, Robert C. Kells, Stephen A. Seybold, Steven J. TI Walking Response of the Mediterranean Pine Engraver, Orthotomicus erosus, to Novel Plant Odors in a Laboratory Olfactometer SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Bark beetle; host range testing; Pinaceae; Scolytidae; sequential no-choice olfactometer; balsamfir; Abies balsamea; eastern hemlock; Tsuga canadensis; paper birch; Betula papyrifera; red pine; Pinus resinosa; tamarack; Larix laricina; white spruce; Picea glauca ID SPRUCE BARK BEETLE; DENDROCTONUS-VALENS COLEOPTERA; PRIMARY ATTRACTION; TOMICUS-PINIPERDA; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; NONHOST VOLATILES; NORTH-AMERICA; PITYOGENES-BIDENTATUS; HYLURGOPS-PALLIATUS; IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS AB When an herbivorous insect enters a new geographic area, it will select host plants based on short and long distance cues. A conifer-feeding bark beetle that has been recently introduced to North America, the Mediterranean pine engraver, Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston), has a potentially wide host range, especially among members of the Pinaceae. The long-distance response of the beetles to tree odors may be a key feature of the mechanism of host recognition and selection. We used a laboratory olfactometer to study the walking response of 1,440 O. erosus to odor cues from the bark and phloem of six North American tree species. The beetle moved toward the angiosperm non-host Betula papyrifera more than would be expected by chance, but had a neutral response to odors of two tree species that support reproduction and three species that do not. These results suggest that tree odors alone may not be adequate for O. erosus to recognize novel hosts. C1 [Venette, Robert C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Walter, Abigail J.; Kells, Stephen A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Seybold, Steven J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Venette, RC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 1561 Lindig St, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rvenette@fs.fed.us RI Walter, Abigail/F-5574-2012 OI Walter, Abigail/0000-0003-1388-3706 FU Minnesota Graduate School Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship; University of Minnesota Department of Entomology Marion Brooks-Wallace Fellowship; USDA Forest Service Northern and Pacific Southwest Research Stations; Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station FX We would like to thank T. O'Brien (University of Minnesota NC-ROC) for assistance in felling trees, and the MAES/MDA Containment Facility. We also thank J.C. Lee, D.-G. Liu, and S. M. Hamud (UC-Davis and USDA FS PSW Station) for assistance with collecting, sorting, and shipping O. erosus. B. Therens assisted with the laboratory assays. The manuscript was improved by the suggestions of E. Clark, D. Huber, W. Meyer, D. Pureswaran, and two anonymous reviewers. This research was funded by a University of Minnesota Graduate School Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship, and a University of Minnesota Department of Entomology Marion Brooks-Wallace Fellowship to AJW, the USDA Forest Service Northern and Pacific Southwest Research Stations, and the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 23 IS 4 BP 251 EP 267 DI 10.1007/s10905-010-9211-2 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 608YS UT WOS:000278622500001 ER PT J AU Patt, JM Setamou, M AF Patt, Joseph M. Setamou, M. TI Recognition of Novel Volatile Cues by the Nymphs of the Glassy-winged Sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Cicadellidae) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Associative learning; host-finding behavior; olfactometry; polyphagous; leafhopper ID XYLEM FEEDING LEAFHOPPER; HOST-PLANT DETECTION; HEMIPTERA CICADELLIDAE; COAGULATA HEMIPTERA; NITROGEN VOLATILIZATION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; VECTOR TRANSMISSION; ABIOTIC FACTORS; HOMOPTERA; FASTIDIOSA AB Nymphs of Homalodisca vitripennis are strict xylophages and frequently switch host-plants to obtain a balanced level of nutrients at appropriate tension levels. Associative learning of odors and other semiochemicals may enhance the nymphs' ability to recognize and locate potential host-plants. We examined whether nymphs could learn to associate a novel olfactory stimulus (vanilla) with a host-plant. Nymphs fed on cowpea plants treated systemically with vanilla extract or on untreated plants. Subsequently, their responses to a pale green target were measured in the presence or absence of vanilla odor. Nymphs were not innately attracted to pale green, and exposure to vanilla odor did not decrease a stereotypical scanning behavior. However, when presented with vanilla odor, significantly more conditioned nymphs selected the target than did control nymphs. C1 [Patt, Joseph M.] ARS, USDA, KSARC, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Setamou, M.] Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Citrus Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Patt, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, KSARC, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM joseph.patt@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service FX The authors wish to acknowledge technical assistance provided by O. Zamora and J. Cavazos. C. Yang kindly performed spectrophotometric analyses of the visual targets used in the study. The manuscript was greatly improved by helpful suggestions made by R. S. Pfannenstiel and by reviews performed by T.-X. Liu, N. Malik, and several anonymous reviewers. Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA for its use. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 23 IS 4 BP 290 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s10905-010-9214-z PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 608YS UT WOS:000278622500003 ER PT J AU Liu, CX Gao, YL Ning, CM Wu, KM Oppert, B Guo, YY AF Liu, Chenxi Gao, Yulin Ning, Changming Wu, Kongming Oppert, Brenda Guo, Yuyuan TI Antisera-mediated in vivo reduction of Cry1Ac toxicity in Helicoverpa armigera SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antiserum; Bacillus thuringiensis; Aminopeptidase N; Cadherin; Cry1Ac toxin; Toxicity ID BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS CRY1A; INSECTICIDAL CRYIA(A) TOXIN; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LARVAE; AMINOPEPTIDASE-N; MANDUCA-SEXTA; BINDING-PROTEINS; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; BOMBYX-MORI; CADHERIN RECEPTOR AB A functional assessment of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin receptors in the midgut of lepidopteran insects will facilitate understanding of the toxin mode of action and provide effective strategies to counter the development of resistance. In this study, we produced anti-aminopeptidase (APN) and anti-cadherin sera with purified Cry1Ac toxin-binding APN or cadherin fragments from Heliocoverpa armigera. Antisera were evaluated for their effects on Cry1Ac toxicity through bioassays. Our results indicated that both the anti-APN and anti-cadherin sera reduced Cry1Ac toxicity in vivo, although cadherin antiserum reduced toxicity more than APN antiserum. These results suggest that both APN and cadherin are involved in Cry1Ac intoxication of H. armigera, evidence that the pore formation model may be representative of Cry1Ac toxin mode of action in this insect. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Chenxi; Gao, Yulin; Ning, Changming; Wu, Kongming; Guo, Yuyuan] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, State Key Lab Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Ning, Changming] China Agr Univ, Coll Agron & Biotechnol, Dept Entomol, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Oppert, Brenda] USDA ARS Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Wu, KM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, State Key Lab Plant Dis & Insect Pests, W Yuanmingyuan Rd, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. EM wkm@caascose.net.cn FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2006CB102004]; Chinese Ministry of Agriculture [2008ZX08012-004] FX We thank Cris Oppert for comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. This research was supported by financial assistance from the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (973 Grant No. 2006CB102004) and the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (2008ZX08012-004). NR 51 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 56 IS 7 BP 718 EP 724 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.12.012 PG 7 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 614WQ UT WOS:000279090900006 PM 20035762 ER PT J AU Shukle, RH Subramanyam, S Saltzmann, KA Williams, CE AF Shukle, Richard H. Subramanyam, Subhashree Saltzmann, Kristin A. Williams, Christie E. TI Ultrastructural changes in the midguts of Hessian fly larvae feeding on resistant wheat SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mayetiola destructor; Wheat; Microvilli brush border; Allelochemicals; Host-plant resistance ID MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR (SAY); DIPTERA-CECIDOMYIIDAE; GERM-AGGLUTININ; WINTER-WHEAT; PERITROPHIC MEMBRANES; DEFENSE-RESPONSE; INSECT; GENES; EXPRESSION; VIRULENCE AB The focus of the present study was to compare ultrastructure in the midguts of larvae of the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), under different feeding regimens. Larvae were either fed on Hessian fly-resistant or -susceptible wheat, and each group was compared to starved larvae. Within 3 h of larval Hessian fly feeding on resistant wheat, midgut microvilli were disrupted, and after 6 h, microvilli were absent. The disruption in microvilli in larvae feeding on resistant wheat were similar to those reported for midgut microvilli of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilasis (Hubner), larvae fed a diet containing wheat germ agglutinin. Results from the present ultrastructural study, coupled with previous studies documenting expression of genes encoding lectin and lectin-like proteins is rapidly up-regulated in resistant wheat to larval Hessian fly, are indications that the midgut is a target of plant resistance compounds. In addition, the midgut of the larval Hessian fly is apparently unique among other dipterans in that no peritrophic membrane was observed. Ultrastructural changes in the midgut are discussed from the prospective of their potential affects on the gut physiology of Hessian fly larvae and the mechanism of antibiosis in the resistance of wheat to Hessian fly attack. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Shukle, Richard H.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Shukle, Richard H.; Williams, Christie E.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Subramanyam, Subhashree] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Shukle, RH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM shukle@purdue.edu FU USDA CRIS [3602-22000-014D] FX We thank Debby Sherman and Chia-Ping Huang for technical support provided during the course of this work. This is a joint contribution of the USDA-ARS and Purdue University. This study was supported through USDA CRIS no. 3602-22000-014D. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 56 IS 7 BP 754 EP 760 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.01.005 PG 7 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 614WQ UT WOS:000279090900011 PM 20116382 ER PT J AU Tufts, DM Hunter, WB Bextine, B AF Tufts, Danielle M. Hunter, Wayne B. Bextine, Blake TI Discovery and effects of Texas Solenopsis invicta virus [SINV-1 (TX5)] on red imported fire ant populations SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Colony collapse; Solenopsis invicta; Red imported fire ant; SINV; Picornaviridae; Dicistroviridae; Biological control; Viral isolation; Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV); SINV-1 (TX5) accession No. FJ229495 ID ACUTE PARALYSIS VIRUS; GENOME SEQUENCE; ISRAEL; RNA AB Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), the red imported fire ant is native to South America but has invaded areas of the southeastern US, and parts of Southern California. The S. invicta virus-1 (SINV-1) is a positive sense, single-stranded RNA picorna-like virus that only affects Solenopsis species. The virus can infect all caste members and developmental stages. Infection of SINV-1 can result in colony collapse in less than 3 months under laboratory conditions. This study screened S. invicta colonies from Texas for the presence of SINV through Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Positive samples were genetically characterized by direct sequencing and compared with known picorna-like viruses. SINV-1 was detected in ant colonies from Smith and Henderson TX counties. Amino acid sequence comparison of SINV-1 (TX5) ORF2 region showed homologies of 96% with SINV-1, 97% with SINV-1A, 17.6% with SINV-2, and 20.7% with SINV-3. In addition, SINV-1 (TX5) was compared to 18 other Dicistroviridae viruses. Ant-infecting viruses may provide new approaches to suppressing these important economic pests. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Tufts, Danielle M.; Bextine, Blake] Univ Texas Tyler, Dept Biol, Tyler, TX 75799 USA. [Hunter, Wayne B.] ARS, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP Tufts, DM (reprint author), 3900 Univ Blvd, Tyler, TX 75799 USA. EM dmtufts11@yahoo.com FU University of Texas at Tyler FX Funding was provided by a University of Texas at Tyler research grant. We thank Kyle Spencer for assistance in the lab and colony collection. We also thank Jake A. Pruett for reviewing this manuscript and assisting with colony collection. The mention or use of products within does not imply nor guarantee an endorsement by the USDA, ARS, to the exclusion of other similar, suitable products. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 104 IS 3 BP 180 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2010.03.006 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 612UY UT WOS:000278930900004 PM 20350552 ER PT J AU Phillips, CM Goumidi, L Bertrais, S Field, MR Cupples, LA Ordovas, JM Defoort, C Lovegrove, JA Drevon, CA Gibney, MJ Blaak, EE Kiec-Wilk, B Karlstrom, B Lopez-Miranda, J McManus, R Hercberg, S Lairon, D Planells, R Roche, HM AF Phillips, Catherine M. Goumidi, Louisa Bertrais, Sandrine Field, Martyn R. Cupples, L. Adrienne Ordovas, Jose M. Defoort, Catherine Lovegrove, Julie A. Drevon, Christian A. Gibney, Michael J. Blaak, Ellen E. Kiec-Wilk, Beata Karlstrom, Britta Lopez-Miranda, Jose McManus, Ross Hercberg, Serge Lairon, Denis Planells, Richard Roche, Helen M. TI Gene-nutrient interactions with dietary fat modulate the association between genetic variation of the ACSL1 gene and metabolic syndrome SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE genetic polymorphisms; insulin resistance; fatty acid metabolism; PUFA ID ACID TRANSPORT PROTEIN-1; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; FISH-OIL; RECEPTOR AGONISTS; SERUM-LIPIDS; PPAR-GAMMA; RESISTANCE; MEN; GLUCOSE; ADULTS AB Long-chain acyl CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1) plays an important role in fatty acid metabolism and triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis. Disturbance of these pathways may result in dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, hallmarks of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Dietary fat is a key environmental factor that may interact with genetic determinants of lipid metabolism to affect MetS risk. We investigated the relationship between ACSL1 polymorphisms (rs4862417, rs6552828, rs13120078, rs9997745, and rs12503643) and MetS risk and determined potential interactions with dietary fat in the LIPGENE-SU.VI.MAX study of MetS cases and matched controls (n = 1,754). GG homozygotes for rs9997745 had increased MetS risk {odds ratio (OR) 1.90 [ confidence interval (CI) 1.15, 3.13]; P = 0.01}, displayed elevated fasting glucose (P = 0.001) and insulin concentrations (P = 0.002) and increased insulin resistance (P = 0.03) relative to the A allele carriers. MetS risk was modulated by dietary fat, whereby the risk conferred by GG homozygosity was abolished among individuals consuming either a low-fat (< 35% energy) or a high-PUFA diet (>5.5% energy). In conclusion, ACSL1 rs9997745 influences MetS risk, most likely via disturbances in fatty acid metabolism, which was modulated by dietary fat consumption, particularly PUFA intake, suggesting novel gene-nutrient interactions.-Phillips, C. M., L. Goumidi, S. Bertrais, M. R. Field, L. A. Cupples, J. M. Ordovas, C. Defoort, J. A. Lovegrove, C. A. Drevon, M. J. Gibney, E. E. Blaak, B. Kiec-Wilk, B. Karlstrom, J. Lopez-Miranda, R. McManus, S. Hercberg, D. Lairon, R. Planells, and H. M. Roche. Gene-nutrient interactions with dietary fat modulate the association between genetic variation of the ACSL1 gene and metabolic syndrome. J. Lipid Res. 2010. 51: 1793-1800. C1 [Phillips, Catherine M.; Roche, Helen M.] Univ Coll Dublin, UCD Conway Inst, Nutrigenom Res Grp, UCD Sch Publ Hlth & Populat Sci, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Gibney, Michael J.] Univ Coll Dublin, Inst Food & Hlth, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Goumidi, Louisa; Defoort, Catherine; Lairon, Denis; Planells, Richard] Univ Aix Marseille 2, Fac Med, INSERM 476, INRA, Marseille, France. [Bertrais, Sandrine; Hercberg, Serge] Univ Paris 13, INSERM U557, INRA CNAM, Bobigny, France. [Field, Martyn R.] Hitachi Dublin Lab, Dublin, Ireland. [Cupples, L. Adrienne] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Lovegrove, Julie A.] Univ Reading, Hugh Sinclair Unit Human Nutr, Dept Food Biosci, Inst Cardiovasc & Metab Res, Reading, Berks, England. [Drevon, Christian A.] Univ Oslo, Dept Nutr, Inst Basic Med Sci, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Blaak, Ellen E.] Nutr & Toxicol Res Inst Maastricht, Dept Human Biol, Maastricht, Netherlands. [Kiec-Wilk, Beata] Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Clin Biochem, Coll Med, Krakow, Poland. [Karlstrom, Britta] Uppsala Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Caring Sci Clin Nutr & Metab, S-75185 Uppsala, Sweden. [Lopez-Miranda, Jose] Univ Cordoba, Lipid & Atherosclerosis Unit, Dept Med, Reina Sofi Univ Hosp,Sch Med, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. [McManus, Ross] Trinity Coll Dublin, Inst Mol Med, Dublin, Ireland. RP Roche, HM (reprint author), Univ Coll Dublin, UCD Conway Inst, Nutrigenom Res Grp, UCD Sch Publ Hlth & Populat Sci, Dublin 2, Ireland. EM helen.roche@ucd.ie RI Drevon, Christian /F-6012-2010; Phillips, Catherine/E-4412-2013; OI Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965; McManus, Ross/0000-0002-0529-9617; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU European Commission [FOOD-CT-2003-505944]; Norwegian Foundation for Health and Rehabilitation; South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority; Johan Throne Holst Foundation for Nutrition Research; Freia Medical Research Foundation FX Supported by the European Commission, Framework Programme 6 (LIPGENE): contract number FOOD-CT-2003-505944. Funds were also obtained from the Norwegian Foundation for Health and Rehabilitation, South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, Johan Throne Holst Foundation for Nutrition Research, and Freia Medical Research Foundation. The SU.VI.MAX study is registered as NCT00272428 at ClinicalTrials.gov. NR 62 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 51 IS 7 BP 1793 EP 1800 DI 10.1194/jlr.M003046 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 609BB UT WOS:000278628700015 PM 20176858 ER PT J AU Mertins, JW Moorhouse, AS Alfred, JT Hutcheson, HJ AF Mertins, James W. Moorhouse, Arnold S. Alfred, Jeffery T. Hutcheson, H. Joel TI Amblyomma triste (Acari: Ixodidae): New North American Collection Records, Including the First From the United States SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amblyomma maculation; tick distribution; biogeography; Arizona ID DEER BLASTOCERUS-DICHOTOMUS; RICKETTSIA-PARKERI; TICKS ACARI; KOCH; URUGUAY; BRAZIL; NEUMANN; HOSTS; SEASONALITY; DIVERSITY AB New distribution records for the Neotropical tick, Amblyomma triste Koch, are identified from 27 specimens in 18 separate collections. These collections originated from six now recognized geographical foci in two states in the United States (Cochise and Santa Cruz Counties, Arizona, and Brewster and Jeff Davis Counties, Texas) and from import cattle, Bos taurus L., presented for entry at the United States border and originating in three Mexican states (Coahuila, Durango, and Sonora). For at least 67 yr, A. triste has existed in some areas of the United States as a cryptic species, and specimens there have been confused with and identified as Gulf Coast ticks, Amblyomma maculation Koch, even by noted tick specialists. Most of the records reported in this study were from reidentified, archived specimens of putative A. maculatum. C1 [Mertins, James W.; Alfred, Jeffery T.; Hutcheson, H. Joel] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Moorhouse, Arnold S.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Douglas, AZ 85607 USA. RP Mertins, JW (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, 1800 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM James.W.Mertins@aphis.usda.gov NR 51 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 47 IS 4 BP 536 EP 542 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 621AL UT WOS:000279545400004 PM 20695268 ER PT J AU Carroll, JF Benante, JP Kramer, M Lohmeyer, KH Lawrence, K AF Carroll, J. F. Benante, J. P. Kramer, M. Lohmeyer, K. H. Lawrence, K. TI Formulations of Deet, Picaridin, and IR3535 Applied to Skin Repel Nymphs of the Lone Star Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) for 12 Hours SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amblyomma americanum; 12-h duration; human volunteers; repellents ID AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; PERSONAL PROTECTION; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; FIELD-EVALUATION; LYME-DISEASE; PERMETHRIN; EFFICACY; HUMANS; ATTRACTION; AI3-37220 AB The efficacies of a 20% 1-methyl-propyl-2-(hydroxyethyl)-1-piperidinecarboxylate (picaridin) spray, 20% 3-(N-acetyl-N-butyl) aminopropionic acid ethyl ester (IR3535) spray, 20% picaridin lotion, 10% IR3535 lotion, and 33% N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) cream in repelling nymphal lone star ticks. Amblyomma americanum (L.), were determined at 2-h intervals over 12 h usinghuman subjects. A repellent formulation was applied in a 5-cm-wide encircling a volunteer's lower leg. For each challenge, 70 host-seeking nymphs were released on each volunteer's ankle, and tick locations were recorded 10 ruin after the ticks were released. Ticks that crawled entirely across the repellent band were considered not repelled. For all formulations and time points, significantly fewer (all P < 0.0001) A. americanum nymphs crossed the treatment bands on the volunteers' ankles than crossed the corresponding area on the untreated control legs. Formulations containing active ingredient were highly effective, with <10% of the ticks crossing through the treatment bands for any challenge during the 12 h. At least 40% of ticks exposed to any formulation for any challenge fell or crawled off the volunteers. There was no difference in effectiveness between the 20% spray and 20% lotion formulations of picaridin. The 10% IR3535 lotion was significantly less effective than the formulations with higher concentrations of repellent, In the formulations tested, deet, picaridin, and IR3535 provided lasting protection against A. americanum. C1 [Benante, J. P.; Lawrence, K.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kramer, M.] ARS, USDA, Biometr Consulting Serv, Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lohmeyer, K. H.] ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Carroll, J. F.] ARS, USDA, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Carroll, JF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM john.carroll@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 47 IS 4 BP 699 EP 704 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 621AL UT WOS:000279545400024 PM 20695288 ER PT J AU Bartley, GE Yokoyama, W Young, SA Anderson, WHK Hung, SC Albers, DR Langhorst, ML Kim, H AF Bartley, Glenn E. Yokoyama, Wallace Young, Scott A. Anderson, William H. K. Hung, Shao-Ching Albers, David R. Langhorst, Marsha L. Kim, Hyunsook TI Hypocholesterolemic Effects of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Are Mediated by Altered Gene Expression in Hepatic Bile and Cholesterol Pathways of Male Hamsters SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FEEDBACK-REGULATION; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; DIETARY PSYLLIUM; ACID SYNTHESIS; LIVER; RATS; HYDROXYPROPYLMETHYLCELLULOSE; INCREASE; FIBER; GUAR AB Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), a semisynthetic, nonfermentable soluble dietary fiber, is not absorbed by the body, but its presence in the intestinal lumen increases fecal fat, sterol, and bile acid excretions and decreases intestinal cholesterol absorption, all of which may indirectly affect hepatic lipid metabolism. We measured the expression of hepatic genes involved in cholesterol, bile acid, and fatty acid metabolism in hamsters fed diets containing 39% of energy as fat and 5% of weight as HPMC or microcrystalline cellulose (control) for 4 wk. HPMC-fed hamsters gained significantly less body weight than the control group but did not differ in food intake. They had significantly lower plasma triglyceride and total-, VLDL-, HDL-, and LDL-cholesterol concentrations and hepatic total lipid, total and free cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations than controls. Compared with controls, HPMC-fed hamsters had greater levels of mRNA for CYP7A1 (cytochrome P450 7A1; 8-fold of control; P < 0.05), CYP51 (lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase; 5.3-fold of control; P < 0.05), and HMG-CoAR (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase; 1.8-fold of control; P < 0.05). The plasma total cholesterol concentrations from both the control and HPMC groups were inversely correlated with expression of hepatic CYP7A1 (r = -0.54; P < 0.05), CYP51 (r = -0.79; P < 0.005), and HMG-CoAR (r = -0.75; P < 0.005) genes. This suggests that HPMC supplementation affected both cholesterol and bile acid synthesis. Our data confirm that altered hepatic expression of lipid metabolism-related genes, possibly due to modulation of fecal bile acid excretion and intestinal cholesterol absorption, contributes to the lipid-lowering effects of HPMC. J. Nutr. 140: 1255-1260, 2010. C1 [Bartley, Glenn E.; Yokoyama, Wallace; Kim, Hyunsook] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Young, Scott A.; Anderson, William H. K.; Hung, Shao-Ching; Albers, David R.; Langhorst, Marsha L.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM kimhy2005@hotmail.com FU The Dow Chemical Company and USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA FX Supported in part by a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between The Dow Chemical Company and USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA. NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 140 IS 7 BP 1255 EP 1260 DI 10.3945/jn.109.118349 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 613IW UT WOS:000278973600008 PM 20444951 ER PT J AU Ren, ZH Pae, M Dao, MC Smith, D Meydani, SN Wu, DY AF Ren, Zhihong Pae, Munkyong Dao, Maria Carlota Smith, Donald Meydani, Simin Nikbin Wu, Dayong TI Dietary Supplementation with Tocotrienols Enhances Immune Function in C57BL/6 Mice SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-E SUPPLEMENTATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HEALTHY ELDERLY SUBJECTS; CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; ALPHA-TOCOTRIENOL; GAMMA-TOCOTRIENOL; OLD MICE; T-CELLS; IN-VIVO; DELTA-TOCOTRIENOLS AB alpha-Tocopherol (alpha-Toc) enhances T cell function, whereas little is known in this regard for tocotrienols (T3), the less-known members of the vitamin E family. We pair-fed young (4 mo) and old (23 mo) C57BL/6 mice 0.1% Tocomin 50%, a mixture of T3 and alpha-Toc or a control diet containing an equal amount of alpha-Toc for 6 wk. As expected, lymphocyte proliferation was lower in the old mice compared with the young mice. Lymphocyte proliferation in the old T3 group was significantly higher than that in the old control group, whereas no significant difference was found in young mice. Splenocytes from old mice produced less interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 compared with young mice, whereas no significant age-related difference was found in IL-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma. T3 feeding was associated with a higher IL-1 beta wproduction in old mice but not in young mice. Peritoneal macrophages from old mice produced significantly more IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10, and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) compared with those from young mice. Mice of both ages fed T3 had higher production of IL-1 beta but not PGE(2) or other cytokines. In the in vitro study, splenocytes isolated from young and old mice were supplemented with the purified form of each individual T3 (0.01-10 mu mol/L) and mitogen-stimulated cell proliferation was determined. All T3 enhanced lymphocyte proliferation in old but not young mice with a potency order of alpha- > gamma- > delta-T3. Together, these results suggest a beneficial effect of T3 in improving the age-related decline in T cell function. J. Nutr. 140: 1335-1341, 2010. C1 [Ren, Zhihong; Pae, Munkyong; Dao, Maria Carlota; Meydani, Simin Nikbin; Wu, Dayong] Tufts Univ, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Smith, Donald] Tufts Univ, Comparat Biol Unit, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Meydani, Simin Nikbin; Wu, Dayong] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM dayong.wu@tufts.edu RI Pae, Munkyong/B-4831-2012 FU USDA, Agriculture Research Service [58-1950-7-707] FX Supported by the USDA, Agriculture Research Service under contract number 58-1950-7-707. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. NR 53 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 140 IS 7 BP 1335 EP 1341 DI 10.3945/jn.110.121434 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 613IW UT WOS:000278973600020 PM 20484546 ER PT J AU Cheng, DW Lin, H Civerolo, EL AF Cheng, D. W. Lin, H. Civerolo, E. L. TI EXTRACELLULAR GENOMIC DNA MEDIATES ENHANCEMENT OF XYLELLA FASTIDIOSA BIOFILM FORMATION IN VITRO SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Xylella fastidiosa; biofilm formation; extracellular DNA; bacterial ecology; Gram-negative bacteria ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-EPIDERMIDIS; TRANSFORMATION; RELEASE; POLYSACCHARIDE; AGGREGATION; CHEMISTRY; MECHANISM; CHOLINE AB Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) produces extracellular DNA in PD3 liquid medium. This extracellular DNA could enhance biofilm formation, a factor in successful establishment of Xf in planta. The relative amounts of extracellular DNA were positively correlated with planktonic growth and biofilm formation in vitro, but were negatively correlated with cell viability. DNase I treatment of actively growing Xf cultures in PD3 medium decreased or inhibited biofilm formation. In contrast, addition of Xf genomic DNA promoted biofilm formation. These results suggest that biogenesis of extracellular DNA may play a role for Xf biofilm formation and could be a critical step in establishment of host-bacterium interaction. C1 [Cheng, D. W.; Lin, H.; Civerolo, E. L.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Lin, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM hong.lin@ars.usda.gov FU University of California FX We gratefully acknowledge funding from the University of California Pierce's Disease Research Grant Program. We also thank Bruce Kirkpatrick, University of California, Davis for providing Xylella fastidiosa Fetzer strain. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 92 IS 2 BP 415 EP 420 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 633EM UT WOS:000280482300016 ER PT J AU Mello, AFS Yokomi, RK Payton, ME Fletcher, J AF Mello, A. F. S. Yokomi, R. K. Payton, M. E. Fletcher, J. TI EFFECT OF CITRUS STUBBORN DISEASE ON NAVEL ORANGE PRODUCTION IN A COMMERCIAL ORCHARD IN CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spiroplasma citri; mollicute; vascular pathogens; crop losses ID SPIROPLASMA-CITRI; FRUIT-QUALITY; YIELD AB The impact of citrus stubborn disease (CSD), caused by Spiroplasma citri, on commercially cultivated citrus is not fully understood or quantified. Our objective was to measure these impacts on citrus production and assess bacterial distribution in trees having different symptom severities. S. citri-positive and adjacent healthy navel orange trees in a commercial grove in central California were evaluated. Measurements included canopy height and width, trunk diameter, fruit number and weight, and number of prematurely dropped fruit. Thirty fruit per tree were evaluated for color, size and sunburn. Juice was extracted, weighed, and total soluble solids and titratable acidity measured. Bacterial distribution in trees exhibiting mild or severe symptoms was assessed by q-PCR and spiroplasma culture. Fruit from S. citri-positive trees were smaller, and more often mis-shapen, than those from healthy trees. Significant fruit number reduction occurred only in severely symptomatic trees, in which S. citri was broadly distributed within the tree canopy. All other variables were statistically indistinguishable regardless of symptom severity or pathogen presence. The reduction in fruit weight, size and number in severely symptomatic trees validate the concern that CSD is a significant constraint to production and marketability in California. C1 [Mello, A. F. S.; Fletcher, J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Yokomi, R. K.] USDA ARS, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Payton, M. E.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Stat, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Fletcher, J (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM jacqueline.fletcher@okstate.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service [5302-22000-009-00]; Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station [2052] FX The authors thank E. Civerolo (ARS-USDA, Parlier, CA) and J. Damicone and R. Hunger (Oklahoma State University) for reviewing the manuscript, A. Gonzales, P. Neipp, R. Deborde and R. Emershad from ARS-USDA, Parlier, CA for technical support, D. Obenland (ARS-USDA, Parlier, CA) for allowing us to use his laboratory and N. Walker from Oklahoma State University for assistance with the nematode evaluation. This study was funded by United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service project number 5302-22000-009-00 and by the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch Project 2052. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 92 IS 2 BP 429 EP 438 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 633EM UT WOS:000280482300018 ER PT J AU Fuchs, M Abawi, GS Marsella-Herrick, P Cox, R Cox, KD Carroll, JE Martin, RR AF Fuchs, M. Abawi, G. S. Marsella-Herrick, P. Cox, R. Cox, K. D. Carroll, J. E. Martin, R. R. TI OCCURRENCE OF TOMATO RINGSPOT VIRUS AND TOBACCO RINGSPOT VIRUS IN HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY IN NEW YORK STATE SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blueberry; ToRSV; TRSV; nepovirus; Xiphinema americanum ID NEMATODE XIPHINEMA-AMERICANUM; NICOTIANA-BENTHAMIANA PLANTS; COAT PROTEIN; RNA; NEPOVIRUS; LOCALIZATION; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; INFECTION; VINEYARDS AB A survey for viruses by DAS-ELISA of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) showing virus-like symptoms and decline in vigor, showed the occurrence of Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV) and Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV) in New York State (USA). The presence of the two viruses was confirmed in leaf samples by RT-PCR and IC-RT-PCR with appropriate primer pairs that amplify a 320 bp and a 585 bp fragment of the MA-dependent RNA polymerase gene of TRSV and ToRSV, respectively. Comparative sequence analysis of viral amplicons of New York isolates indicated moderate (80.7-99.7%) and high (90.8-99.7%) nucleotide sequence identities with other ToRSV and TRSV strains, respectively. Analysis of soil samples from the root zone of blueberry bushes for the occurrence of dagger nematodes revealed the presence of XiPhinema americanum-group nematodes at low population densities. Cucumber bait plants potted in soil samples containing X. americanum became infected with ToRSV or TRSV in a greenhouse. Together, these findings show the occurrence of ToRSV and, to a lesser extent, TRSV in highbush blueberry plantings in New York, as well as of the vector X. americanum sensu lato. C1 [Fuchs, M.; Abawi, G. S.; Marsella-Herrick, P.; Cox, R.; Cox, K. D.; Carroll, J. E.] Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Carroll, J. E.] Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, New York State Integrated Pest Management Program, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Martin, R. R.] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Fuchs, M (reprint author), Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM mf13@cornell.edu FU New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University FX The collaboration of Tom Gartung, TLC Blueberry Farm in Barton, New York; Mary Pennel, Sugar Shack Blueberry Farm, Penn Yan, New York; Molly Shaw, Tioga County Cornell Cooperative Extension, Oswego, New York; Debbie I. Breth, Cornell Cooperative Extension, Lake Ontario Fruit Team, Albion, New York; and Cathy Heidenreich, Berry Extension Support Specialist, Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York is acknowledged. We are grateful to Aracely Ospina, Cheung Mei, and Eric Rockefeller for excellent assistance with sample processing and cucumber baiting assays, and to Joe Ogrodnick for artwork. We are indebted to Dr. L.M. Yepes for critically reading the manuscript and Dr. A. Di Tommaso for identification of weed species. This study was partially funded by state, federal, and institutional funds appropriated to the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 16 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 92 IS 2 BP 451 EP 459 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 633EM UT WOS:000280482300020 ER PT J AU Jomantiene, R Davis, RE Lee, IM Zhao, Y Bottner-Parker, K Valiunas, D Petkauskaite, R AF Jomantiene, R. Davis, R. E. Lee, I-M. Zhao, Y. Bottner-Parker, K. Valiunas, D. Petkauskaite, R. TI ONION IS HOST FOR TWO PHYTOPLASMA LINEAGES, SUBGROUPS 165rI-A AND 16SrI-(B/L)L, IN LITHUANIA: A HinfI SITE REVEALED A SNP MARKING DIVERGENT BRANCHES OF EVOLUTION SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; ASTER YELLOWS PHYTOPLASMA; FINER DIFFERENTIATION; GROUP 16SRIII; CLASSIFICATION; SEQUENCE; PLANTS; IDENTIFICATION; HETEROGENEITY; AMPLIFICATION AB Onions (Allium cepa L.) grown for seed production in the Kaunas region of Lithuania exhibited mild yellowing of leaves and stems, stunting, phyllody, and proliferation of flowers. RFLP and sequence analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA, ribosomal protein (rp), and secY genes revealed the presence of phytoplasmas belonging to subgroups 16SrI-A (rpI-A) and 16SrI-L (rpI-B, secYI-B). The results indicated that phytoplasma strains in subgroup 16SrI-A (rpI-A) have potential to damage onions in Europe, as well as in North America, and for the first time demonstrated onion as a host for subgroup 16SrI-L. Subgroup 16SrI-L was distinguished based on a composite HinfI RFLP pattern of 16S rDNA that revealed the presence of two sequence heterogeneous rRNA operons in this subgroup, thus showing the significance of composite RFLP patterns for phytoplasma identification and classification. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the first base of one HinfI recognition site (5'-GANTC-3') marked the divergence of major phylogenetic branches, supporting the concept that SNPs provide powerful molecular markers of phytoplasma evolution. C1 [Jomantiene, R.; Davis, R. E.; Lee, I-M.; Zhao, Y.; Bottner-Parker, K.] USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Jomantiene, R.; Valiunas, D.; Petkauskaite, R.] Inst Bot, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM robert.davis@ars.usda.gov FU Lithuanian State Science and Studies Foundation [N-07010]; USDA-Agricultural Research Service, USA FX This work was supported by Lithuanian State Science and Studies Foundation grant no. N-07010 "Detection of Viroids and Phytoplasmas and their Elimination from Plants Useful in the Biotechnology Industry" and by USDA-Agricultural Research Service, USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 92 IS 2 BP 461 EP 470 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 633EM UT WOS:000280482300021 ER PT J AU Johnson, JMF Karlen, DL Andrews, SS AF Johnson, Jane M. F. Karlen, Douglas L. Andrews, Susan S. TI Conservation considerations for sustainable bioenergy feedstock production: If, what, where, and how much? SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID EROSION CONTROL; CROP RESIDUES; SOIL CARBON; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; TILLAGE C1 [Johnson, Jane M. F.] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Karlen, Douglas L.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. [Andrews, Susan S.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Natl Soil Qual Technol Dev Team, USDA, Greensboro, NC USA. [Andrews, Susan S.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Natl Plant Data Ctr, USDA, Greensboro, NC USA. RP Johnson, JMF (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. OI Johnson, Jane/0000-0002-1687-4007 NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 65 IS 4 BP 88A EP 91A DI 10.2489/jswc.65.4.88A PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 629WZ UT WOS:000280232700003 ER PT J AU Feyereisen, GW Kleinman, PJA Folmar, GJ Saporito, LS Way, TR Church, CD Allen, AL AF Feyereisen, G. W. Kleinman, P. J. A. Folmar, G. J. Saporito, L. S. Way, T. R. Church, C. D. Allen, A. L. TI Effect of direct incorporation of poultry litter on phosphorus leaching from coastal plain soils SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE leaching; lysimeter; phosphorus; poultry litter ID ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; BROILER LITTER; TILE DRAINS; MANURE; LOSSES; SUBSURFACE; GRASSLAND; PASTURE; RUNOFF; AGRICULTURE AB Management of poultry litter on the Delmarva Peninsula is critical to reducing phosphorus losses to the Chesapeake Bay New poultry litter incorporation technologies have shown promise at reducing phosphorus losses, but their effectiveness has not been tested in this environmentally sensitive region. This study evaluates subsurface leaching losses of three litter application methods, including surface broadcast, surface broadcast with disking, and subsurface litter incorporation with a novel litter incorporator developed by the USDA Agricultural Research Service. Cube-shaped soil lysimeters (61 x 61 x 61 cm [24 x 24 x 24 in]) were extracted from high phosphorus (P) (Mehlich-3 P is greater than 500 mg kg(-1)) agricultural soils on the University of Maryland Eastern Shore Research Farm near Princess Anne, Maryland, and were subjected to two rainfall simulation events that were separated by 11 semiweekly soaking-type irrigation events. The average cumulative total phosphorus loss was highest for the subsurface litter incorporation method (0.48 kg ha(-1) [0.43 lb ac(-1)]) and was lowest for the no litter control (0.19 kg ha(-1) [0.17 lb ac(-1)]). Particulate P loss among manure treatments ranged from 58% to 64% of total. P loss. Total phosphorus losses were strongly correlated to total phosphorus concentration in the leachate (coefficient of determination [r(2)] >= 0.84), indicating availability of P in applied litter to be the primary control of P in leachate. Soil properties also impacted P leaching losses, with the soils possessing a higher sand content and having a shallower depth to the sandy subsoil, yielding higher cumulative total P losses (0.64 kg ha(-1) [10.57 lb ac(-1)]).Although the subsurface litter incorporator increased total P leaching losses, a concern on the Delmarva Peninsula, opportunity exists to modify the subsurface incorporator design using zone tillage, potentially reducing the leaching losses. C1 [Feyereisen, G. W.] USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN USA. [Kleinman, P. J. A.; Folmar, G. J.; Saporito, L. S.; Church, C. D.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. [Way, T. R.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA. [Allen, A. L.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Agr Food & Resource Sci Dept, Princess Anne, MD USA. RP Feyereisen, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN USA. FU Cooperative Institute for Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Technology FX The authors extend thanks to David Otto, research lab mechanic, and Mike Reiner, physical science aid, of the USDA ARS Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit for executing a complex logistical plan with regard to this project. We also thank Todd Strohecker, hydrologic technician, of the same USDA ARS unit for conducting the rainfall and irrigation events. We acknowledge Dr. Bruce Wilson, professor, Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, for his careful and discriminating advice on our statistical analysis. Funding for the research was supported, in part, by the Cooperative Institute for Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Technology. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 29 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 65 IS 4 BP 243 EP 251 DI 10.2489/jswc.65.4.243 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 629WZ UT WOS:000280232700008 ER PT J AU Webber, DE Mickelson, SK Wulf, LW Richard, TL Ahn, HK AF Webber, D. E. Mickelson, S. K. Wulf, L. W. Richard, T. L. Ahn, H. K. TI Hydrologic modeling of runoff from a livestock manure windrow composting site with a fly ash pad surface and vegetative filter strip buffers SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE fly ash; hydrologic modeling; livestock manure windrow composting; surface runoff; vegetative filter strip (VFS) buffers; water resources ID PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; WATER-QUALITY; SWINE MANURE; MASS-LOSS; SEDIMENT; NUTRIENT; NITROGEN; CATTLE; SIMULATIONS; PERFORMANCE AB Windrow composting of livestock manure materials provides a strategy for converting organic wastes into a recyclable soil fertility product. that is less hazardous to the environment. Although outdoor windrow composting can produce runoff that is detrimental to surface water quality, vegetative filter strip (VFS) buffers were. reported to significantly reduce runoff and contaminants from a windrow composting research site. To estimate the efficacy of VFS buffers and other best management practices on runoff from future windrow composting facilities, a computer hydrologic model may provide a valuable tool for predicting runoff losses from these proposed sites. This research evaluated a windrow composting/vegetative filter strip buffer (WCVFS) hydrologic model for estimating runoff volume losses from a livestock manure-based windrow composting site with a fly ash composting pad surface and VFS buffers. Runoff and physical attribute data from six rainfall events during 2002 to 2004 at a central Iowa windrow composting research site were used in the WCVFS model evaluation. Three rainfall events were designated as "wet" composting period events (2002 and 2003 seasons), and three were designated as "dry" composting period events (2004 season). Runoff data were comprised of average observed runoff volumes from three compost windrow area:VFS buffer area ratio treatments that included 1:1, 1:0.5 (large and small VFS buffer areas, respectively), and a 1:0 (no buffer) control. The WCVFS model performance was good to very good for the 2003 wet composting period model validation rainfall event with no significant differences among 1:1,1:0.5, and! :0 ratio treatments for simulated versus observed runoff volumes. In contrast, WCVFS model performance was unsatisfactory for the 2004 dry composting period validation event with significantly higher simulated runoff volume from the 1:0.5 ratio treatment versus observed runoff volumes. There were no significant differences for the 1:1 and 1:0 treatments. The WCVFS model effectively estimated 1:1, 1:0.5, and 1:0 treatment runoff volumes from the earlier wet composting period and 1:1 and 1:0 treatment runoff volumes from the later dry composting period rainfall events. However, the soils data-derived VFS buffer runoff and infiltration functions in the WCVFS model flow routing component may not have sufficiently accounted for some short-term hydrologic changes in VFS buffer soil and fly ash pad surfaces. This could have resulted in overestimation of dry composting period simulated runoff volume from the smaller 1:0.5 ratio VFS buffer area treatment. Consequently, the use of other alternatives to soils data-derived VFS buffer runoff and infiltration functions should be evaluated in future WCVFS model simulation trials to potentially improve runoff volume prediction accuracy. C1 [Webber, D. E.; Mickelson, S. K.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wulf, L. W.] Iowa State Univ, Vet Diagnost Lab, Ames, IA USA. [Richard, T. L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ahn, H. K.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Webber, DE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Richard, Tom/H-5058-2012 FU Iowa Department of Natural Resources FX Funding support for this research was provided in part by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 65 IS 4 BP 252 EP 260 DI 10.2489/jswc.65.4.252 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 629WZ UT WOS:000280232700009 ER PT J AU Tomer, MD AF Tomer, M. D. TI How do we identify opportunities to apply new knowledge and improve conservation effectiveness? SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation effects assessment; conservation planning; precision conservation; integrated resource management ID PRECISION CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; LAND; AGRICULTURE; NETWORKS AB Current approaches to conservation planning have an established and successful track record. However, as our knowledge of resource sciences and goals for conservation expand, review and improvement of planning protocols could help improve conservation effectiveness, even though we may be satisfied with the status quo. This is easy to suggest, but we do not readily know how and when standard planning protocols can be adapted to incorporate new information. Resource conservation is a transdisciplinary science involving multiple resources, contexts of landscape and time, and sociocultural dynamics. Yet technology and human experience are progressing, and our capacity to become more site-specific in devising conservation systems and adapting practices to each situation is expanding. This editorial presents a conceptual model that may help frame debate over adoption of new technologies in conservation planning. The model is based on the system of knowledge that every conservation planner must consider in doing his/her job, which involves knowledge of natural resources, landscapes, temporal dynamics of weather and management, and sociocultural constraints of the landowner. Research and testing of new approaches are advancing in all four arenas. It is argued that progress in landscape-specific planning and sociocultural (community-feedback) approaches are the two areas where standard procedures lag the most. This coincidence might provide a way to enable local communities to become more involved in identifying conservation priorities in watersheds and to adopt site-specific approaches that target locally identified resource concerns. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. RP Tomer, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 65 IS 4 BP 261 EP 265 DI 10.2489/jswc.65.4.261 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 629WZ UT WOS:000280232700010 ER PT J AU Henry, HL Bouillon, R Norman, AW Gallagher, JC Lips, P Heaney, RP Vieth, R Pettifor, JM Dawson-Hughes, B Lamberg-Allardt, CJ Ebeling, PR AF Henry, Helen L. Bouillon, Roger Norman, Anthony W. Gallagher, J. Christopher Lips, Paul Heaney, Robert P. Vieth, Reinhold Pettifor, John M. Dawson-Hughes, Bess Lamberg-Allardt, Christel J. Ebeling, Peter R. TI 14th Vitamin D Workshop consensus on vitamin D nutritional guidelines SO JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SERUM 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; CALCIUM-ABSORPTION; D SUPPLEMENTATION; D DEFICIENCY; FRACTURES; WOMEN; RISK; MEN C1 [Henry, Helen L.; Norman, Anthony W.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biochem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Norman, Anthony W.] Univ Calif Riverside, Div Biomed Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Bouillon, Roger] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Expt Med & Endocrinol, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Gallagher, J. Christopher] Creighton Univ, Med Ctr, Bone Metab Unit, Omaha, NE 68131 USA. [Lips, Paul] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol, NL-1007 MB Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Heaney, Robert P.] Creighton Univ, Osteoporosis Res Ctr, Omaha, NE 68131 USA. [Vieth, Reinhold] Univ Toronto, Dept Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Pettifor, John M.] Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Pettifor, John M.] Chris Hani Baragwanath Hosp, Dept Paediat, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Dawson-Hughes, Bess] Tufts Univ, Bone Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Lamberg-Allardt, Christel J.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Appl Chem & Microbiol, Calcium Res Unit, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Ebeling, Peter R.] Univ Melbourne, Western Hosp, Dept Med, Footscray, Vic 3011, Australia. RP Norman, AW (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biochem, 5456 Boyce Hall, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM Helen.henry@ucr.edu; Roger.bouillon@med.kuleuven.be; Anthony.norman@ucr.edu RI Ebeling, Peter/A-9129-2012; Pettifor, John/D-5943-2012; OI Pettifor, John/0000-0003-1155-0334; Lamberg-Allardt, Christel/0000-0001-7326-1904 NR 19 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-0760 J9 J STEROID BIOCHEM JI J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 121 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 4 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.05.008 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 634RC UT WOS:000280600200002 PM 20561983 ER PT J AU Oppert, B Ellis, RT Babcock, J AF Oppert, Brenda Ellis, R. Tracy Babcock, Jonathan TI Effects of Cry1F and Cry34Ab1/35Ab1 on storage pests SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; Biopesticides; Storage pests; Cry1F; Cry34Ab1; Cry35Ab1; Bioassay; Stored product insects ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS-RESISTANT; SUSCEPTIBLE OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS; INSECT RESISTANCE; PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA; INDIANMEAL MOTH; LEPIDOPTERA; TOXINS; CRAMBIDAE; PROTEINASES; NOCTUIDAE AB Two crystalline protoxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), Cry1Fa1 and Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1 (Cry1F, Cry34/35Ab1), were evaluated for efficacy against lepidopteran and coleopteran storage pests. Cry1F was tested against the lepidopterans Sitotroga cerealella (Angoumois grain moth) and colonies of Plodia interpunctella (Indian mealmoth) that are susceptible or resistant to Bt Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac toxins, Bt subspecies entornocidus, and the commercial formulation Dipel (R). Cry1F was also tested against the coleopterans Cryptolestes pusillus (fiat grain beetle) and Triboliurn castaneum (red flour beetle). Cry34/35Ab1 was tested against S. cerealella, C. pusillus, and T castaneum, and against additional coleopteran storage pests, including Tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm), Trogoderma variabile (warehouse beetle), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (sawtoothed grain beetle), Rhyzopertha dominica (lesser grain borer), and Sitophilus oryzae (rice weevil). Strains of Bt-susceptible or -resistant P interpunctella generally were more sensitive to Cry1A protoxin or toxin than either Cry1F protoxin or Dipel. Despite difficulties with the bioassay of S. cerealella larvae, the data suggest that Cry1F and Cry34/35Ab1 caused increased larval mortality, and a developmental delay was observed and no pupae emerged with 0.9% Cry1F. Neither Cry1F nor the corn rootworm-active toxin Cry34/35Ab1 significantly affected the biological parameters of the coleopteran species evaluated. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Oppert, Brenda] ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Ellis, R. Tracy] Dow AgroSci, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. [Ellis, R. Tracy; Babcock, Jonathan] Cty San Diego Agr Weights & Measures, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP Oppert, B (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM bso@ksu.edu NR 25 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 46 IS 3 BP 143 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.jspr.2010.01.003 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 643WK UT WOS:000281330300001 ER PT J AU Brabec, D Pearson, T Flinn, P Katzke, D AF Brabec, D. Pearson, T. Flinn, P. Katzke, D. TI Detection of internal insects in wheat using a conductive roller mill and estimation of insect fragments in the resulting flour SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sampling; Detection; X-ray; Flour; Rhyzopertha dominica ID SITOPHILUS-GRANARIUS; COLEOPTERA; INFESTATION; GRAIN; BOSTRICHIDAE; CURCULIONIDAE; IMMATURE; KERNELS; WEEVIL AB A laboratory roller mill that monitors the conductance of kernels that pass through it was tested for its ability to estimate the number of insect fragments in flour after milling. This system can test a kilogram of whole wheat in approximately 1 min and requires little sample preparation. Hard red winter wheat samples were infested with lesser grain borers and stored at 24 degrees C. Infestations ranged from 12 to over 2000 infested kernels per 1 kg or per 30,000 kernels. After crushing of samples in the conductance instrument, the samples were milled into flour and sub-samples were sent to two laboratories for insect fragment analysis. The insect fragments were proportional to the number of detection incidences obtained using the conductance instrument and X-ray images. Insect fragment counts per 50 g of flour ranged from 0 to over 5000. For insect fragment counts from 0 to 250, correlations between fragment counts and conductance mill detection were 0.75 and 0.80 from two separate cereal chemistry laboratories. Therefore, the conductance mill is potentially a good method for testing incoming grain for live internally infesting insects; it is able to test 1 kg of grain in about 1 min and can detect low levels (as low as three insects) of live internal infestations in a 1- or 2-kg sample. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Brabec, D.; Pearson, T.; Flinn, P.] ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS USA. [Katzke, D.] Gen Mills, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Brabec, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS USA. EM daniel.brabec@ars.usda.gov RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 46 IS 3 BP 180 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.jspr.2010.04.003 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 643WK UT WOS:000281330300007 ER PT J AU Adam, BD Siaplay, M Flinn, PW Brorsen, BW Phillips, TW AF Adam, B. D. Siaplay, M. Flinn, P. W. Brorsen, B. W. Phillips, T. W. TI Factors influencing economic profitability of sampling-based integrated pest management of wheat in country elevators SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Integrated pest management; Economics; Grain elevators; Costs and benefits; Fumigation ID RHYZOPERTHA-DOMINICA COLEOPTERA; STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS; PHOSPHINE RESISTANCE; PERFORMANCE AB Integrated pest management (IPM) in stored wheat could increase worker safety, reduce environmental concerns, and may reduce the chances of loss in grain quality. Managers of many country elevators, however, continue to use chemical-based approaches. To determine if this choice is economically justified, total costs (including both costs of implementation and costs of failing to control insects) for sampling-based IPM and calendar-based chemical approaches were simulated and compared for country elevators operating under typical conditions in the Central and Southern Plains of the United States. When we simulated a constant insect immigration rate into all bins at an elevator, results suggested that managers of country elevators storing hard red winter wheat under standardized assumptions and typical conditions have little economic incentive to switch from conventional calendar-based fumigation to sampling-based fumigation when both cost of treatment and cost of failing to control insects are considered. Under these assumptions, the reason sampling was not profitable was that fumigation eventually became necessary in all the bins, so sampling was just an extra cost. However, changing some of the standardized assumptions can make sampling-based fumigation profitable. In particular, the simulation suggests that if an elevator has some bins with a low rate of immigration and others with a medium rate of immigration, sampling-based fumigation becomes an economically attractive alternative. Other factors such as increased sanitation, reducing the cost of sampling, and storing the grain for shorter periods may also make a sampling-based approach more economical. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Adam, B. D.; Siaplay, M.; Brorsen, B. W.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Flinn, P. W.] ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS USA. [Phillips, T. W.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Adam, BD (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM brian.adam@okstate.edu RI Brorsen, Wade/G-2204-2011; Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 FU USDA [S05035] FX The information contained in this publication was generated as part of a large-scale, long-term effort between Oklahoma State University, Purdue University, Kansas State University, and the USDA-ARS Grain Marketing & Production Research Center funded by the USDA-CSREES Risk Assessment & Mitigation Program (RAMP), Project No. S05035, entitled "Consortium for Integrated Management of Stored Product Insect Pests" (www.oznet.ksu.edu/spiramp) to investigate and develop alternative prevention, monitoring, sampling and suppression measures for organophosphate insecticides used directly on post-harvest grains that are under scrutiny as a result of the U.S. Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) and for methyl bromide, which can only be used as a fumigant for pest control in U.S. grain processing facilities under Critical Use Exemption (CUE) as a result of the Montreal Protocol. The collaboration and participation of grain producers, handlers and processors as well as numerous equipment and service suppliers in this project across the U.S. has been greatly appreciated. The authors also benefited from discussions with members of the multi-state research project, NC-213 (The U.S. Quality Grains Research Consortium). NR 30 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 46 IS 3 BP 186 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.jspr.2010.04.004 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 643WK UT WOS:000281330300008 ER PT J AU Zelinka, SL Glass, SV AF Zelinka, Samuel L. Glass, Samuel V. TI Water Vapor Sorption Isotherms for Southern Pine Treated with Several Waterborne Preservatives SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE equilibrium moisture content (EMC); water vapor sorption; preservative treatments; chromated copper arsenate (CCA); alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ); borates; disodium octaborate tetrahydrate; corrosion ID ADSORPTION; HUMIDITY; WOOD AB Equilibrium moisture content (EMC) was measured over a range of relative humidities at 22.5 degrees C to determine whether certain wood preservatives increase the hygroscopicity of southern pine (Pinus sp.) The treatments studied were alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ) at a retention of 6.6 kg.m(-3), chromated copper arsenate (CCA) at 6.9 kg.m(-3), and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) at 3.8 kg.m(-3) (equivalent to 2.6 kg.m(-3) as B2O3). All treatments examined increased the EMC at relative humidities above 60%. Wood treated with DOT was the most hygroscopic. At high relative humidities, the ratio of the EMC of ACQ-treated wood to CCA-treated wood was 1.08. It is unlikely that the higher corrosiveness of ACQ compared with CCA is due to this slight increase in hygroscopicity. C1 [Zelinka, Samuel L.; Glass, Samuel V.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Zelinka, SL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RI Zelinka, Samuel/A-9198-2009 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 EI 1945-7553 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 38 IS 4 BP 521 EP 525 DI 10.1520/JTE102696 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 627FJ UT WOS:000280024600015 ER PT J AU O'Connor, T Watson, K Hughes, S Beltran, A Hingle, M Baranowski, J Campbell, K Canal, DJ Lizaur, ABP Zacarias, I Gonzalez, D Nicklas, T Baranowski, T AF O'Connor, Teresia Watson, Kathy Hughes, Sheryl Beltran, Alicia Hingle, Melanie Baranowski, Janice Campbell, Karen Juvinya Canal, Dolors Perez Lizaur, Ana Bertha Zacarias, Isabel Gonzalez, Daniela Nicklas, Theresa Baranowski, Tom TI Health Professionals' and Dietetics Practitioners' Perceived Effectiveness of Fruit and Vegetable Parenting Practices across Six Countries SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID WEIGHT STATUS; CHILD; OBESITY; BEHAVIOR; AVAILABILITY; CONSUMPTION; ATTITUDES; RISK; EAT AB Fruit and vegetable intake may reduce the risk of some chronic diseases. However, many children consume less-than-recommended amounts of fruit and vegetables. Because health professionals and dietetics practitioners often work with parents to increase children's fruit and vegetable intake, assessing their opinions about the effectiveness of parenting practices is an important step in understanding how to promote fruit and vegetable intake among preschool-aged children. Using a cross-sectional design, collaborators from six countries distributed an Internet survey to health and nutrition organization members. A self-selected sample reported their perceptions of the effectiveness of 39 parenting practices intended to promote fruit and vegetable consumption in preschool-aged children from May 18, 2008, to September 16, 2008. A total of 889 participants (55% United States, 22.6% Mexico, 10.9% Australia, 4.4% Spain, 3.3% Chile, 2.2% United Kingdom, and 1.6% other countries) completed the survey. The fruit and vegetable intake related parenting practices items were categorized into three dimensions (structure, responsiveness, and control) based on a parenting theory conceptual framework and dichotomized as effective/ineffective based on professional perceptions. The theoretically derived factor structures for effective and ineffective parenting practices were evaluated using separate confirmatory factor analyses and demonstrated acceptable fit. Fruit and vegetable intake related parenting practices that provide external control were perceived as ineffective or counterproductive, whereas fruit and vegetable intake related parenting practices that provided structure, nondirective control, and were responsive were perceived as effective in getting preschool-aged children to consume fruit and vegetables. Future research needs to develop and validate a parent-reported measure of these fruit and vegetable intake related parenting practices and to empirically evaluate the effect of parental use of the parenting practices on child fruit and vegetable consumption. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010;110:1065-1071. C1 [O'Connor, Teresia] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hingle, Melanie] Univ Arizona, Dept Nutr Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Campbell, Karen] Deakin Univ, Sch Exercise & Nutr Sci, Geelong, Vic 3217, Australia. [Juvinya Canal, Dolors] Girona Univ, Sch Nursing, Girona, Spain. [Perez Lizaur, Ana Bertha] Dept Hlth, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Zacarias, Isabel] Univ Chile, Inst Nutr & Food Technol, Santiago, Chile. [Gonzalez, Daniela] Univ Americas, Providencia, Chile. RP O'Connor, T (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM teresiao@bcm.edu OI Campbell, Karen/0000-0002-4499-3396; Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222 FU USDA/ARS [6250-51000] FX This work is a publication of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, funded in part by the USDA/ARS (cooperative agreement 6250-51000). The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement from the US government. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 120 S RIVERSIDE PLZ, STE 2000, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 110 IS 7 BP 1065 EP 1071 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2010.04.003 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 618TN UT WOS:000279378700013 PM 20630164 ER PT J AU Aldema-Ramos, ML Liu, CK AF Aldema-Ramos, Mila L. Liu, Cheng-Kung TI A NOVEL SYSTEM OF REMOVING DECORIN, A MINOR PROTEOGLYCAN OF BOVINE HIDES, TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LEATHER SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ALCIAN-BLUE; BEAMHOUSE AB Decorin is a minor proteoglycan (part protein and part carbohydrate) of the skin that is among the key components that undergo changes and removal during conversion of hides to leather. The majority of decorin removal takes place during the dehairing of hides, either traditionally with sodium sulfide or by an alternative oxidative dehairing procedure. The oxidative dehairing method using sodium hydroxide and percarbonate, developed by Marmer and Dudley, was utilized. Further removal of decorin by exposure to proteolytic enzymes during pretanning was explored to study the effects on the quality of leather. Additional removal of decorin was observed when an alkaline protease was added during the reliming stage and pepsin was added during the pickling stage in the pretanning treatments of the hides. More pronounced improvement in leather quality, due to more decorin removed, was observed in oxidatively dehaired hides than those dehaired traditionally with sulfides. As the decorin content decreased, the leather product became softer, more stretchable, and tougher than the control leather tanned without adding proteolytic enzymes. Employing the alternative oxidative dehairing process can solve the problem of sulfide toxicity to the environment while at the same time improving the quality of leather if co-treated with proteolytic enzymes. C1 [Aldema-Ramos, Mila L.; Liu, Cheng-Kung] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Aldema-Ramos, ML (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mila.ramos@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOC PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 105 IS 7 BP 222 EP 228 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 622RS UT WOS:000279683700002 ER PT J AU Eller, FJ Moser, JK Kenar, JA Taylor, SL AF Eller, F. J. Moser, J. K. Kenar, J. A. Taylor, S. L. TI Extraction and Analysis of Tomato Seed Oil SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Tomato seed oil; Supercritical carbon dioxide; Accelerated solvent extraction; Phytosterol; Antioxidant; ORAC ID SUPERCRITICAL CO2 EXTRACTION; BETA-CAROTENE; FLUID EXTRACTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TRANS-LYCOPENE; BY-PRODUCTS; TRITERPENE ALCOHOLS; SINGLET OXYGEN; ANTIOXIDANT; WASTE AB Tomato seeds represent a very large waste by-product from the processing of tomatoes into products such as tomato juice, sauce and paste. One potential use for these seeds is as a source of vegetable oil. This research investigated the oil content of tomato seeds using several extraction techniques as well as an examination of the oil extracts to determine the composition of the minor constituents such as phytosterol and antioxidant composition. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of the tomato seed oils were also measured and correlated with antioxidant contents. This research demonstrated that tomato seed oil yield was highest using hot ethanol and followed by hot hexane and finally SC-CO(2). The SC-CO(2) treatment, however, had the highest total phytosterol content as well as highest individual phytosterol content. Sitosterol, cycloartanol, and stigmasterol were the most abundant phytosterols present in the extracts. The highest concentrations of antioxidants were found in the hexane extract. The most abundant antioxidants found in the tomato seed oils were all-trans-lycopene, cis-3-lycopene and beta-carotene. ORAC was highest for the hexane extract. Oil yield was inversely proportional to both alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol content and positively correlated with cis-3-lycopene content. ORAC values were positively correlated with only all-trans-lycopene and cis-3-lycopene demonstrating their role as antioxidants in the tomato seed oil. C1 [Eller, F. J.; Moser, J. K.; Kenar, J. A.; Taylor, S. L.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Eller, FJ (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM fred.eller@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 87 IS 7 BP 755 EP 762 DI 10.1007/s11746-010-1563-4 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 611QZ UT WOS:000278837000005 ER PT J AU Dalton, DT Hummer, KE AF Dalton, Daniel T. Hummer, Kim E. TI Ribes Bloom Phenology: Sections Botrycarpum and Ribes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE AB The USDA Agricultural Research Set vice Ribes I. genebank at the National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) in Corvallis. Oregon. was surveyed to determine timing of first bloom Accessions of 106 black and 53 red currant genotypes were observed weekly during the springs of 1999, 2001, 2003, 2007, and 2008 Calendar dates were recorded or lust, lull, and last bloom The dates were converted to growing degree-day (GOD) values using a heat accumulation model set to begin on 1 January at a base temperature of 5 C Mean first bloom for red currants (section Ribes) occurred at 247 GDD. and for black currants (section Botrycarpum) at 256 GDD Significant into was observed between botanical section and year although genotype, within a section flowered in the same relative order This report documents cultivars with blooming phenologies suited for a ranee of production goals and environments Black currants. such as R nigrum L Storklas and 'Ben Tirian' and red currants. R xkoehmanum Janez 'Mulka and R rubrum L 'Moores Ruby.' bloom in late swing and avoid early-season hosts These cultivars can he grown in locations with lone cool springs Early-flowering cultivars. such as R nigrum 'Risager and R rubium 'Wilder: may be suited for environments where heat accumulates rapidly at the onset of summer Genotypes from both sections show potential lot growers to incorporate cultivars which flower in succession from early to late spring C1 [Dalton, Daniel T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hummer, Kim E.] ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Dalton, DT (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, ALS 4017, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. FU Northwest Center for Small Fruit Research; CRIS [5358-21000-038-00D] FX The authors acknowledge the funding from the Northwest Center for Small Fruit Research and CRIS 5358-21000-038-00D for this research We appreciate the technical assistance of Deric Picton in data collection for 1999 and 2001, and Andrey Sabitov in 2003 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 64 IS 3 BP 140 EP 151 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 645TZ UT WOS:000281490400002 ER PT J AU Wada, S Reed, BM AF Wada, Sugae Reed, Barbara M. TI Seed Coat Morphology Differentiates Blackberry Cultivars SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Determining the cultivar identity of blackberry (Rubus 1,) fruit may be problematic when the parent plant is not available for examination The ability 10 correctly identify commercial cultivars is important to the industry Less desirable cultivars may be mistaken or substituted for more desirable ones resulting in mislabeled products or economic losses The objective of this study was to develop a simple and effective method to distinguish blackberry cultivars using seed morphology Seeds of 17 commercially important blackberry cultivars ('Black Diamond. 'Black Pearl'. 'Boysen' Cacanska Bestrna' 'Chester Thornless'. Hull Thornless'. 'Kotata' 'Loch Ness'. 'Marion'. Navaho' 'Nightfall'. 'Obsidian'. 'Newberry'. 'Silvan' 'Tupy'. 'Wild Treasure'. and 'Young') were collected from the United States Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) and Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory (HCRL). Corvallis. Oregon Seeds Were examined with a dissecting light microscope and scanning electron microscopy A key characteristic was the shape of the taphe on the seed straight. concave or convex The 17 cultivars Coll Id be divided into three groups based on raphe shape Cultivars within each group could be differentiated by seed shape, size. color and seed-coat sculpturing Cultivars originating from the same parents (full sibs) or the same maternal line could be distinguished as well Although scanning electron microscopy showed the seed coat sculpturing in greater detail. all cultivars could be distinguished successfully using a dissecting microscope C1 [Wada, Sugae] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Reed, Barbara M.] ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Wada, S (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. FU Oregon State University Agricultural Research Foundation; USDA-ARS CRIS [5358-21000 038-00D] FX This project was funded by a grant from the Oregon State University Agricultural Research Foundation and USDA-ARS CRIS project 5358-21000 038-00D. We thank Dr. Chad Finn for access to his Rubus collections and Ms Mary Peterson for suggesting this study NR 10 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 64 IS 3 BP 152 EP 161 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 645TZ UT WOS:000281490400003 ER PT J AU Ehlenfeldt, MK Martin, RB AF Ehlenfeldt, Mark K. Martin, Robert B., Jr. TI Seed Set, Berry Weight, and Yield Interactions in the Highbush Blueberry Cultivars (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) 'Bluecrop' and 'Duke' SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RABBITEYE BLUEBERRY; FRUIT-SET; SIZE; SELF AB Yields and berry weights of two widely mown, commercial highbush blueberry (Vaccinium spp) cultivars. 'Bluecrop' and 'Duke' were evaluated for three or mole harvests every season over ten years and seed set was determined :it each halves' over the last four Across 10 years yield and berry weight had no significant con elation Under our study conditions, the limitations of yield for 'Bluecrop' did mu include pollination In tact. pollination (expressed is seed/gram flesh weight) had an inverse relationship to yield For the years in which replicated seed (Willis were made we found. in general, that 'Bluecrop' berry weight and seed/fruit decreased linearly between Harvest 1 and Harvest 3, and berries with similar seed numbers varied in weight as much 39% among. yea's Hence, reduced berry weight was not necessarily due to poor pollination For 'Duke trends of berry weight and seed/fruit across harvest were inconsistent. but 'Duke' appealed to have sufficient environmental plasticity to produce fruit with increased berry weight between successive harvests given favorable inputs For 'Duke'. berries with similar seed numbers vat red in weight as much as 86% among years A cyclical yield variation was seen in 'Duke' that generally followed a high-medium-low pattern C1 [Ehlenfeldt, Mark K.; Martin, Robert B., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Philip E Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res &, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. RP Ehlenfeldt, MK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Philip E Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res &, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 64 IS 3 BP 162 EP 172 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 645TZ UT WOS:000281490400004 ER PT J AU Delannay, IY Staub, JE Chen, JF AF Delannay, Isabelle Y. Staub, Jack E. Chen, Jin Feng TI Backcross Introgression of the Cucumis hystrix Genome Increases Genetic Diversity in US Processing Cucumber SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cucumis sativus; combining ability; marker assisted selection; morphological traits; multivariate analysis ID RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; SATIVUS L.; QTL ANALYSIS; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; PLANT-DENSITY; GERMPLASM; IDENTIFICATION; EVOLUTION; MARKERS AB The genetic base of commercial cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is extremely narrow (about 3%-8% polymorphism). Wide-based crosses within C. sativus [i.e., C. sativus var. sativus x C. sativus var. hardwickii (R.) Ala] and interspecific hybridization attempts before 1995 have not substantially increased genetic diversity for plant improvement. However, in 1995, an amphidiploid (Cucumis hytivus Chen and Kirkbride) was derived from a C. sativus x Cucumis hystrix Chakr. mating. A derivative of this amphidiploid was used herein to broaden the genetic base of cucumber through backcross introgression [(C. sativus x C. hytivus) x sativus]. Initially, the combining ability of eight genetically diverse lines was investigated for days to anthesis (DA), sex expression (SEX), lateral branch number (LBN), fruit per plant (FP), fruit length:diameter ratio (L:D), and salt-processing ability [i.e., processed fruit color (exterior and interior), shape, and seed cavity characteristics'. Based on the combining ability, inbred backcross lines [IBL (BC(2)S(3))] were developed from an original gynoecious determinate line WI 7023A [C. sativus (recurrent parent)] x monoecious indeterminate line WI 7012A (C. sativus x C. hytivus derived) mating, where 30 of 392 (8%) BC(1) progeny were selected based on their diversity at 16 mapped marker loci. These progeny were used to develop BC(2) progeny, which were then self-pollinated without further selection to produce 94 IBL. These IBL were genotyped and evaluated in the open field in two plantings in 2008 for DA, SEX, LBN, leaf size, FP, and L:D. The genetic distance (GD) between parental lines was 0.85, and the GD among IBL ranged between 0.16 and 0.75. Multivariate analyses indicated that IBL differed from parental lines and possessed considerable morphological and genotypic diversity that could be used to broaden the genetic base of commercial U.S. processing cucumber. C1 [Delannay, Isabelle Y.; Staub, Jack E.; Chen, Jin Feng] Univ Wisconsin, Vegetable Crops Unit, USDA, ARS,Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Delannay, IY (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Vegetable Crops Unit, USDA, ARS,Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Idelannay@yahoo.com NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 135 IS 4 BP 351 EP 361 PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 627RW UT WOS:000280061000008 ER PT J AU Bang, H Davis, AR Kim, S Leskovar, DI King, SR AF Bang, Haejeen Davis, Angela R. Kim, Sunggil Leskovar, Daniel I. King, Stephen R. TI Flesh Color Inheritance and Gene Interactions among Canary Yellow, Pale Yellow, and Red Watermelon SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE lycopene beta-cyclase; biosynthesis; carotenoid profile; molecular marker ID CAROTENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; BETA-CAROTENE; HUMAN HEALTH; TOMATO; LYCOPENE; PLANTS; FRUIT; PIGMENTATION; CYCLASE; PATHWAY AB Two loci, C and were previously reported to determine flesh colors between canary yellow and red watermelon (Citrullus lunatus). Recently, lycopene beta-cyclase (LCYB) was found as a color determinant gene for canary yellow (C) and a codominant cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker was developed to identify canary yellow and red alleles. The inhibitor of canary yellow (i-C), as reported in a previous work, was not detected in our original family derived from a cross between canary yellow and red parents. To identify additional genetic determinants such as we prepared a new family using 'Yellow Doll' (canary yellow) and 'Sweet Princess' (red), which was reported to carry the inhibitor gene as parents. A new distinct class of flesh color, pale yellow, was identified in the progeny from the new canary yellow x red cross. The predominant carotenoid in canary yellow and pale yellow phenotypes was neoxanthin, followed by violaxanthin and neochrome; pale yellow contained less total carotenoids, but had more minor carotenoids compared with canary yellow. The chi-square goodness-of-fit test indicated that there are two genes involved in determining flesh color among canary yellow, pale yellow, and red, but the segregation pattern did not fit the pattern as reported for an gene. When the genotype of the family 'Yellow Doll' x 'Sweet Princess' was analyzed with our LCYB CAPS marker, the flesh color of every individual perfectly cosegregated with the marker. The new pale yellow phenotype also cosegregated with the marker linked to the C allele, indicating that the recessive py phenotype (pale yellow) must carry at least one of the C alleles for expression. Therefore, we propose to designate py for a pale yellow determinant along with C as a canary yellow determinant. A homozygous recessive py gene resulted in pale yellow flesh color in the presence of a dominant C. C1 [Bang, Haejeen; Kim, Sunggil; Leskovar, Daniel I.; King, Stephen R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Davis, Angela R.] ARS, USDA, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. [Leskovar, Daniel I.] Texas A&M Univ, Uvalde, TX 78801 USA. RP King, SR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM srking@tamu.edu FU Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture [2004-34402-14768, 2005-34402-16401, 2006-34402-17121] FX This material is based upon work supported by the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture under Agreements No. 2004-34402-14768, 2005-34402-16401, and 2006-34402-17121, "Designing Foods for Health," through the Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas AgriLife Research. We acknowledge Drs. Monica Menz and Eun-Gyu No from the Laboratory for Plant Genome Technology, Texas A&M University, for technical advice, and Michael Faries, Amy Helms, and Sheila Magby for technical support. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 135 IS 4 BP 362 EP 368 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 627RW UT WOS:000280061000009 ER PT J AU Levi, A Wechter, WP Harris, KR Davis, AR Fei, ZJ AF Levi, Amnon Wechter, William P. Harris, Karen R. Davis, Angela R. Fei, Zhangjun TI High-frequency Oligonucleotides in Watermelon Expressed Sequenced Tag-unigenes Are Useful in Producing Polymorphic Polymerase Chain Reaction Markers among Watermelon Genotypes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Citrullus lanatus; HFO-TAG; RAPD; ISSR; DNA; phylogenetic ID VEGETABLE CULTIVAR DESCRIPTIONS; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; NORTH-AMERICA; RAPD MARKERS; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; FRUIT; PLANT; AFLP; RESISTANCE AB In this study, we report a simple procedure for developing and using new types of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers, named "high-frequency oligonucleotides-targeting active genes" (HFO-TAG). The HFO-TAG primers were constructed by first using a "practical extraction and report language" script to identify oligonucleotides (8, 9, and 10 bases) that exist in high frequency in 4700 expressed sequence tag (EST)-unigenes of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) fruit. This computer-based screening yielded 3162 oligonucleotides that exist 32 to 335 times in the 4700 EST-unigenes. Of these, 192 HFO-TAG primers (found 51 to 269 times in the 4700 EST-unigenes) were used to amplify genomic DNA of four closely related watermelon cultivars (Allsweet, Crimson Sweet, Charleston Gray, and Dixielee). The average number of DNA fragments produced by a single HFO-TAG primer among these four watermelon cultivars was considerably higher (an average of 5.74 bands per primer) than the number of fragments produced by intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) or randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers (an average of 2.32 or 4.15 bands per primer, respectively). The HFO-TAG primers produced a higher number of polymorphic fragments (an average of 1.77 polymorphic fragments per primer) compared with the ISSR and RAPD primers (an average of 0.89 and 0.47 polymorphic fragments per primer, respectively). Amplification of genomic DNA from 12 watermelon cultivars and two U.S. Plant Introductions with the HFO-TAG primers produced a significantly higher number of fragments than RAPD primers. Also, in PCR experiments examining the ability of primers to amplify fragments from a watermelon cDNA library, the HFO-TAG primers produced considerably more fragments (an average of 6.44 fragments per primer) compared with ISSR and RAPD primers (an average of 3.59 and 2.49 fragments per primer, respectively). These results indicate that the HFO-TAG primers should be more effective than ISSR or RAPD primers in targeting active gene loci. The extensive EST database available for a large number of plant and animal species should be a useful source for developing HFO-TAG primers that can be used in genetic mapping and phylogenic studies of important crop plants and animal species. C1 [Levi, Amnon; Wechter, William P.] ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Harris, Karen R.] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Davis, Angela R.] ARS, USDA, Lane, OK 74555 USA. [Fei, Zhangjun] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fei, Zhangjun] Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Levi, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM amnon.levi@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 135 IS 4 BP 369 EP 378 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 627RW UT WOS:000280061000010 ER PT J AU Markin, GP Horning, CJ AF Markin, George P. Horning, Carol J. TI Discovery of a Gall-Forming Midge, Asphondylia pilosa Kieffer (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), on Scotch Broom (Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link) (Fabaceae) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES C1 [Markin, George P.; Horning, Carol J.] MSU, USDA, US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab,Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Markin, GP (reprint author), MSU, USDA, US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab,Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1648 S 7th, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM gmarkin@fs.fed.us NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 83 IS 3 BP 260 EP 263 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 657EM UT WOS:000282396000008 ER PT J AU Prior, RL Fan, E Ji, HP Howell, A Nio, C Payne, MJ Reed, J AF Prior, Ronald L. Fan, Ellen Ji, Hongping Howell, Amy Nio, Christian Payne, Mark J. Reed, Jess TI Multi-laboratory validation of a standard method for quantifying proanthocyanidins in cranberry powders SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE proanthocyanidins; cranberry; DMAC; BL-DMAC; urinary tract infection; bacterial adhesion ID FIMBRIATED ESCHERICHIA-COLI; URINARY-TRACT-INFECTIONS; IN-VIVO EVIDENCE; INHIBIT ADHERENCE; BACTERIAL ADHERENCE; FOODS; JUICE; CONSUMPTION; PREVENTION; FLAVANOLS AB BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to validate an improved 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC) colorimetric method using a commercially available standard (procyanidin A2), for the standard method for quantification of proanthocyanidins (PACs) in cranberry powders, in order to establish dosage guidelines for the uropathogenic bacterial anti-adhesion effect of cranberry. RESULTS: Commercially available cranberry samples were obtained (five from U.S. sources and six from European sources) for PAC quantification in five different analytical laboratories. Each laboratory extracted and analyzed the samples using the improved DMAC method. Within-laboratory variation (mean +/- SD) was 4.1 +/- 1.7% RSD (range, 2.3-6.1% RSD) and the between laboratory variability was 16.9 +/- 8.5% RSD (range, 8-32% RSD). For comparative purposes, the cranberry samples were alternatively quantified using weights of extracted PACs (gravimetric). The correlation coefficient between the two methods was 0.989. CONCLUSION: This improved DMAC method provides a simple, robust and relatively specific spectrophotometric assay for total PACs in cranberry samples using commercially available procyanidin A2 dimer as a standard. DMAC is most useful within a given type of food such as cranberries, but may not be appropriate for comparing concentrations across different food types, particularly in those cases where large differences exist among the relative amounts of each oligomer and polymer. (C) 2010 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Prior, Ronald L.] USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Fan, Ellen] Brunswick Labs, Norton, MA 02766 USA. [Ji, Hongping] Brunswick Labs China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Howell, Amy] Rutgers State Univ, Marucci Ctr Blueberry Cranberry Res, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. [Nio, Christian] ZAC Trois Marches, Agrobio, F-35132 Vezin Le Coquet, France. [Payne, Mark J.] Hershey Co, Hershey Ctr Hlth & Nutr, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Reed, Jess] Int Agr, Ctr Environm Toxicol, Dept Anim Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, 15 Childrens Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM priorronaldl@uams.edu FU USDA, ARS; Cranberry Institute, 3203-B Cranberry Highway East Wareham, Massachusetts, USA; Brunswick Laboratories, Norton, Massachusetts, USA; Cranberry Marketing Committee, 219A Main Street, Wareham, Massachusetts, USA FX Analytical laboratories which participated in the BL-DMAC validation tests were: USDA-ARS, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Agrobio, ZAC des Trois Marches, 3, impasse de la jonchee, Vezin Le Coquet, France; Brunswick Laboratories, 50 Commerce Way, Norton, Massachusetts, USA; Brunswick Laboratories (China), 320, A3 Building, 218 Xing Hu Rd, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; and Hershey Center for Health and Nutrition, The Hershey Company, 1025 Reese Avenue, Hershey, Philadelphia, USA. The research presented in this manuscript was supported in part by: USDA, ARS; Cranberry Institute, 3203-B Cranberry Highway East Wareham, Massachusetts, USA; Brunswick Laboratories, Norton, Massachusetts, USA; and Cranberry Marketing Committee, 219A Main Street, Wareham, Massachusetts, USA. NR 29 TC 93 Z9 101 U1 18 U2 64 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 90 IS 9 BP 1473 EP 1478 DI 10.1002/jsfa.3966 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 619FL UT WOS:000279414500013 PM 20549799 ER PT J AU Wolters, WR AF Wolters, William R. TI Sources of Phenotypic and Genetic Variation for Seawater Growth in Five North American Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar, Stocks SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; BODY-WEIGHT; SELECTION EXPERIMENTS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SEXUAL-MATURITY; ANIMAL-MODELS; FRESH-WATER; SEA CAGES; L.; PHOTOPERIOD AB In 2003, pedigreed families were obtained from two St. John's River sources, Penobscot River, Gaspe, and landlocked salmon stocks. Eyed eggs were disinfected upon arrival, and incubated in separate hatching jars. Fry were transferred prior to first feeding into individual 0.1-m3 tanks receiving 8 L/min of oxygen-saturated freshwater from a recirculating biological filtration system. At approximately 30 d after the initiation of feeding, fish densities were equalized to 250 fish/tank, fed 5% of the tank's total biomass in 3-4 daily feedings. When the fish were approximately 40 g, approximately 30 fish from each family were pit tagged and stocked communally into three replicated 10-m3 smolt tanks. Approximately 1 mo prior to stocking into sea cages for performance evaluations, evaluations of serum chloride levels and gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity were measured on subsamples from all stocks in freshwater and following seawater challenge. Smolts were stocked into sea cages in June 2005, harvested in February 2007, and evaluated for carcass weight, sex, and stage of sexual maturity. Data were analyzed by the mixed model ANOVA to determine the random effects of sire and dam (sire), and the fixed effects of sex, salmon stock, ploidy level, and replicate smolt tank on carcass weight with smolt weight as a covariate. Sire and dam variance components were significantly different from zero, and the fixed effects of salmon stock, sex x stock interaction, and smolt weight at stocking were significant (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences among sexes, replicate smolt tank, or ploidy level for carcass weight. Overall, St. John's River fish had the fastest growth with a carcass weight > 4.1 kg compared with the slowest growth in landlocked fish at 1.7 kg. Grilsing was also highest in St. John's River fish (ca. 4-6%) and lowest in Penobscot River fish (0%). The sire heritability for carcass weight calculated from the sire variance component using the mixed model ANOVA or MTDFREML was 0.26 +/- 0.14. Data were used to calculate breeding values on captive sibling adult brood fish, and a line selected for carcass weight was spawned in the fall of 2007, and eggs from these fish were released to industry. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Ctr, Franklin, ME 04634 USA. RP Wolters, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Ctr, 25 Salmon Farm Rd, Franklin, ME 04634 USA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-8849 EI 1749-7345 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 41 IS 3 BP 421 EP 429 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 608FE UT WOS:000278567500013 ER PT J AU Radomski, AA Zimba, PV AF Radomski, Andrew A. Zimba, Paul V. TI Does Pond Water Reflectance Influence Double-crested Cormorant Selection of Aquaculture Ponds? SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PHALACROCORAX-CARBO-SINENSIS; ULTRAVIOLET VISION; CHANNEL CATFISH; COLOR-VISION; BIRDS; MODEL; POWER AB Double-crested cormorants, Phalacrocorax auritus, are a frequent and major avian predator on channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and other aquaculture species throughout the southeastern USA. Although cormorant movements and occurrence within the aquaculture production region are understood, no studies have focused on the mechanisms utilized by these avian predators to select foraging sites within these high-density aquaculture systems. The objective of this study was to determine if cormorant abundance is associated with specific (ultraviolet to visible) light reflectance spectra within commercial catfish ponds. Three commercial farms were used in this study; each farm had four ponds classified as "preferred" and another four ponds classified as "avoided" based on observing cormorant numbers for 3 mo prior to reflectance measures (> 100 h observation for each pond). Reflectance and pond turbidity were measured weekly for 7 wk during the period of maximal over-wintering cormorant numbers. Water samples were collected at the surface (1 cm depth) and secchi depth (10-41 cm) at two locations (upwind and downwind sides) within each pond to determine spectral reflectance and turbidity. Average pond reflectance values were not significantly different between ponds preferred and avoided by cormorants; however, upwind reflectance significantly differed from downwind reflectance between cormorant use groups. Using cross-validation discriminant analysis, the accuracy of separating upwind ponds preferred and avoided by cormorants was over 62%. Repeated measures ANOVA identified the reflectance at 370, 380, 460, 500, 510, and 620 nm as significantly different between ponds preferred and avoided by cormorants. The lower wavelengths (380-410 nm) correspond to known UV-A sensing compounds in cormorants and the other wavelengths share characteristics associated with algal biomass. Cormorants utilize ponds that have lower algal biomass when compared with avoided ponds. C1 [Zimba, Paul V.] Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Coastal Studies, Nat Resources Ctr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Radomski, Andrew A.] ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, USDA, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Zimba, PV (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Coastal Studies, Nat Resources Ctr, 3200,6300 Ocean Dr,Unit 5866, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. RI Zimba, Paul/O-2778-2013 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 41 IS 3 BP 430 EP 437 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 608FE UT WOS:000278567500014 ER PT J AU Peterson, G Gerdes, B Berges, J Nagaraja, TG Frye, JG Boyle, DS Narayanan, S AF Peterson, Greg Gerdes, Bryan Berges, Jami Nagaraja, Tiruvoor G. Frye, Jonathan G. Boyle, David S. Narayanan, Sanjeev TI Development of microarray and multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays for identification of serovars and virulence genes in Salmonella enterica of human or animal origin SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Diagnostic microarray; Salmonella serotyping ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; DNA MICROARRAY; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAY; PCR ASSAY; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; TYPHIMURIUM DT104; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RESISTANCE GENES; SUBSPECIES-I; SEROTYPES AB Salmonella enterica is an important enteric pathogen consisting of many serovars that can cause severe clinical diseases in animals and humans. Rapid identification of Salmonella isolates is especially important for epidemiologic monitoring and controlling outbreaks of disease. Although immunologic and DNA-based serovar identification methods are available for rapid identification of isolates, they are time consuming or costly or both. In the current study, 2 molecular methods for identification of Salmonella serovars were developed and validated. A 70-mer oligonucleotide spotted microarray was developed that consisted of probes that detected genes responsible for genetic variation among isolates of Salmonella that can be used for serotyping. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was also developed, which is capable of identifying 42 serovars, thus providing a valuable prediction of the pathogenicity of the isolates by detecting the presence of virulence genes sseL, invA, and spvC. The gene spvC was the best predictor of pathogenicity. In a blind study, traditional serologic methods were correlated at 93.3% with the microarray-based method and 100% with the multiplex PCR-based serovar determination. C1 [Peterson, Greg; Gerdes, Bryan; Berges, Jami; Nagaraja, Tiruvoor G.; Narayanan, Sanjeev] Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Diagnost Med & Pathobiol, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Frye, Jonathan G.] ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, USDA, Athens, GA USA. [Boyle, David S.] PATH, Seattle, WA USA. RP Narayanan, S (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Diagnost Med & Pathobiol, K-246 Mosier Hall,1800 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM sanjeev@vet.k-state.edu RI Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013 OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0421427]; National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health [P20 RR016469] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the following people for their help during this work: David Renter, Megan Jacob, Jahangir M. Alam, and Tanya Purvis (Kansas State University) for help with isolate acquisition. The authors would also like to thank Amit Kumar (Kansas State University) for his help in editing of this manuscript. Microarray chip printing was performed in the Gene Expression Facility at Kansas State University. The facility is supported through the National Science Foundation grant DBI-0421427. Additional microarray printing was performed at the Microarray Core Facility, Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE. The UN MC Microarray Core Facility receives partial support from National Institutes of Health grant P20 RR016469 from the IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE) Program of the National Center for Research Resources. This study is published as contribution 08-000-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. The mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 50 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 22 IS 4 BP 559 EP 569 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 626MO UT WOS:000279970300010 PM 20622226 ER PT J AU Stegelmeier, BL Davis, TZ Green, BT Lee, ST Hall, JO AF Stegelmeier, Bryan L. Davis, T. Zane Green, Benedict T. Lee, Stephen T. Hall, Jeffery O. TI Experimental rayless goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) toxicosis in goats SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Goats; rayless goldenrod; toxicosis ID CARDIAC TROPONIN-I; IMMUNOASSAY AB Rayless goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) sporadically poisons livestock in the southwestern United States. Similarities with white snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) poisoning and nearly identical chemical analyses led early researchers to conclude that tremetol, a mixture of benzofuran ketones, is the rayless goldenrod toxin. The toxicity of these ketone toxins have not been fully characterized nor are the pathogenesis and sequelae of poisoning completely understood. The objective of the current study was to characterize and describe the clinical and pathologic changes of rayless goldenrod toxicity in goats. Fifteen goats were gavaged with rayless goldenrod to obtain benzofuran ketone doses of 0, 10, 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg/day. After 7 treatment days, the goats were euthanized, necropsied, and tissues were processed for microscopic studies. After 5 or 6 days of treatment, the 40-mg/kg and 60-mg/kg goats were reluctant to move, stood with an erect stance, and became exercise intolerant. They had increased resting heart rate, prolonged recovery following exercise, and increased serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine kinase activities. All treated animals developed skeletal myopathy with dose-related distribution and severity. The goats dosed with 20 mg/kg and higher also developed myocardial degeneration and necrosis. Although skeletal myonecrosis was patchy and widely distributed, the quadriceps femoris was consistently damaged, even in low-dosed animals. Myocardial lesions were most severe in the papillary muscles of 60-mg/kg dosed animals. This indicates that goats are highly susceptible to rayless goldenrod poisoning, and that the characteristic lesion of poisoning is skeletal and cardiac myonecrosis. C1 [Stegelmeier, Bryan L.; Davis, T. Zane; Green, Benedict T.; Lee, Stephen T.] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Hall, Jeffery O.] Utah Vet Diagnost Lab, Logan, UT USA. RP Stegelmeier, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM bryan.stegelmeier@ars.usda.gov FU Utah Agriculture Experiment Station, Utah State University FX The authors thank Ed Knoppel, Joseph Jacobson, and Katie Lott for their assistance in animal care and laboratory technical expertise. The authors also thank Dr. Kerry Rood, Dr. Steve Hooser, and Lynette Harris for their constructive review of this manuscript. This research was partially supported by the Utah Agriculture Experiment Station, Utah State University and approved as journal paper 8170. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 22 IS 4 BP 570 EP 577 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 626MO UT WOS:000279970300011 PM 20622227 ER PT J AU Clavijo, A Sun, F Lester, T Jasperson, DC Wilson, WC AF Clavijo, Alfonso Sun, Feng Lester, Thomas Jasperson, Dane C. Wilson, William C. TI An improved real-time polymerase chain reaction for the simultaneous detection of all serotypes of Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Epizootic hemorrhagic disease; molecular diagnostics; rapid detection; real-time polymerase chain reaction; white-tailed deer ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; NORTH-AMERICAN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; BLUETONGUE; INFECTION AB Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is a significant pathogen of wild and sometimes domestic ungulates worldwide. Rapid and reliable methods for virus detection and identification play an essential part in the control of epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD). In the present study, a 1-step real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) group-specific assay was developed. The assay detects genome segment 5 (NS1) from all of the 8 serotypes of EHDV. Assay sensitivity was evaluated relative to a conventional gel-based nested PCR using cell culture derived virus and diagnostic samples from clinically affected white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). The assay reliably amplified the NS1 gene from any of the EHDV strains tested, including isolates from each of the 8 EHDV serotypes. No cross-reactions were detected when all 24 serotypes of Bluetongue virus, a closely related member of the genus Orbivirus, were tested. A panel of 76 known EHDV-positive clinical samples was used to compare the performance of the assay relative to a previously reported real-time PCR assay. Results indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between the threshold cycle values obtained with both assays. A collection of 178 diagnostic samples submitted for EHD diagnosis was also used for test evaluation. The assay could be applied for rapid detection of EHDV in clinical samples from susceptible ruminants during an outbreak of the disease. In addition, this PCR assay has the benefits of being reliable and simple and could provide a valuable tool for studying the epidemiology of EHDV infection in susceptible ruminants by facilitating the detection of EHDV, regardless of the serotype. C1 [Clavijo, Alfonso; Sun, Feng; Lester, Thomas] Texas Vet Med Diagnost Labs, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Jasperson, Dane C.; Wilson, William C.] ARS, USDA, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Unit, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Clavijo, A (reprint author), Texas Vet Med Diagnost Labs, 1 Sippel Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM aclavijo@tvmdl.tamu.edu FU Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory; U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service [5430-32000-002] FX The authors thank Janell Kahl, Theresa Ratay, and Shirley Byrne for their excellent technical assistance. Donna Johnson and Dr. Eileen Ostlund from the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service-National Veterinary Services Laboratory (Ames, IA) are also acknowledged for providing exotic strains of EHDV and RNA from exotic strains of BTV necessary to complete this study. This work was supported by funds from the Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory and by U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service project 5430-32000-002. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 22 IS 4 BP 588 EP 593 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 626MO UT WOS:000279970300014 PM 20622230 ER PT J AU Lawrence, PK Shanthalingam, S Dassanayake, RP Subramaniam, R Herndon, CN Knowles, DP Rurangirwa, FR Foreyt, WJ Wayman, G Marciel, AM Highlander, SK Srikumaran, S AF Lawrence, Paulraj K. Shanthalingam, Sudarvili Dassanayake, Rohana P. Subramaniam, Renuka Herndon, Caroline N. Knowles, Donald P. Rurangirwa, Fred R. Foreyt, William J. Wayman, Gary Marciel, Ann Marie Highlander, Sarah K. Srikumaran, Subramaniam TI TRANSMISSION OF MANNHEIMIA HAEMOLYTICA FROM DOMESTIC SHEEP (OVIS ARIES) TO BIGHORN SHEEP (OVIS CANADENSIS): UNEQUIVOCAL DEMONSTRATION WITH GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN-TAGGED ORGANISMS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Bighorn sheep; domestic sheep; green fluorescent protein; Mannheimia haemolytica; Ovis canadensis; pneumonia; transmission ID PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA; MYCOPLASMA-OVIPNEUMONIAE; FATAL PNEUMONIA; PATHOGENICITY; ASSOCIATION; CULTURES; CONTACT; STRAINS; WILD AB Previous studies demonstrated that bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) died Or pneumonia when commingled with domestic sheep (Ovis aries) but did not conclusively prove that the responsible pathogens were transmitted from domestic to bighorn sheep The objective of tins study was to determine. unambiguously, whether Mannheimia haemolytica can be transmitted from domestic to bighorn sheep when they commingle Four isolates of M haemolytica were obtained from the pharynx of two of four domestic sheep and tagged with a plasmid carrying the genes for green fluorescent protein (GFP) and ampicillin resistance (AP(R)) Four domestic sheep, colonized with the tagged bacteria, were kept about 10 m apart from four bighorn sheep for 1 mo with no clinical signs of pneumonia observed in the bighorn sheep during, that period The domestic and bighorn sheep were then allowed to have fence-line contact for 2 mo During that period, three bighorn sheep acquired the tagged bacteria from the domestic sheep At the end of the 2 mo of fence-line contact, the animals were allowed to commingle All lour bighorn sheep died 2 days to 9 days following commingling The lungs from all four bighorn sheep showed gross and histopathologic lesions characteristic of M haemolytica pneumonia Tagged M haemolytica were isolated from all four bighorn sheep, as confirmed by growth in ampicillin-containing culture medium. PCR-amplification of genes encoding GFP and Ap(R), and immunofluorescent staining of GFP These results unequivocally demonstrate transmission of M haemolytica from domestic to bighorn sheep, resulting in pneumonia and death of bighorn sheep. C1 [Lawrence, Paulraj K.; Shanthalingam, Sudarvili; Dassanayake, Rohana P.; Subramaniam, Renuka; Herndon, Caroline N.; Rurangirwa, Fred R.; Foreyt, William J.; Srikumaran, Subramaniam] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Knowles, Donald P.] USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Wayman, Gary] Washington State Univ, Dept Comparat Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Marciel, Ann Marie] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Radiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Highlander, Sarah K.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol & Microbiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Srikumaran, S (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. FU Wyoming Wildlife-Livestock Disease Research Partnership Funds; Foundation for North American Wild Sheep; Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Eastern Chapters; USDA Forest Service FX This study was funded by the Wyoming Wildlife-Livestock Disease Research Partnership Funds, Foundation for North American Wild Sheep and its Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Eastern Chapters, and the USDA Forest Service. We thank Thomas Besser for suggestions and discussion NR 31 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 46 IS 3 BP 706 EP 717 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 635XE UT WOS:000280690400003 PM 20688676 ER PT J AU Harris, MT Brown, JD Goekjian, VH Luttrell, MP Poulson, RL Wilcox, BR Swayne, DE Stallknecht, DE AF Harris, Mark T. Brown, Justin D. Goekjian, Virginia H. Luttrell, M. Page Poulson, Rebecca L. Wilcox, Benjamin R. Swayne, David E. Stallknecht, David E. TI Canada Geese and the Epidemiology of Avian Influenza Viruses SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Avian influenza virus; Canada Geese; environmental persistence; feces; reservoir ID ATLANTIC FLYWAY; A INFLUENZA; BRANTA-CANADENSIS; DUCKS; WATERFOWL; BIRDS; PARAMYXOVIRUSES; SURVEILLANCE; TEMPERATURE; REPLICATION AB Canada geese (Branta canadensis) are numerous, highly visible, and widely distributed in both migratory and resident populations in North America, as a member of the order Anseriformes, they are often suggested as a potential reservoir and source for avian influenza (AI) viruses To further examine the role of Canada Geese in the ecology of AI. we re-evaluated existing literature related to AI virus in this species and tested breeding populations of Canada Geese h on three states (Georgia, West Virginia, and Minnesota, USA) by virus isolation and serology The ability of AI virus to persist in goose feces under experimental conditions also was evaluated as an additional measure of the potential for this species to serve as an AI virus reservoir Virus was not isolated from 1,668 cloacal swabs awl type-specific antibody prevalence was low (4/335, 1 2%) Finally, under experimental conditions, AI virus persistence in goose feces and in water contaminated with goose feces was limited as compared to published estimates from duck feces and water Our results are consistent with historic reports of a low prevalence of AI virus infection in this species, and we suggest that Canada Geese play a minor, if any, role as a reservoir for low pathogenic AI viruses that naturally circulate in wild bird populations C1 [Harris, Mark T.; Brown, Justin D.; Goekjian, Virginia H.; Luttrell, M. Page; Poulson, Rebecca L.; Wilcox, Benjamin R.; Stallknecht, David E.] Univ Georgia, Dept Populat Hlth, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Swayne, David E.] ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Stallknecht, DE (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Populat Hlth, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. FU CDC [5U19-Cl00040.1-02, 58-6612-2-0220] FX Funding for this work was provided by CDC Cooperative Agreement 5U19-Cl00040.1-02 and Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-6612-2-0220 between the Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory and the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 46 IS 3 BP 981 EP 987 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 635XE UT WOS:000280690400037 PM 20688710 ER PT J AU Ezenwa, VO Hines, AM Archie, EA Hoberg, EP Asmundsson, IM Hogg, JT AF Ezenwa, Vanessa O. Hines, Alicia M. Archie, Elizabeth A. Hoberg, Eric P. Asmundsson, Ingrid M. Hogg, John T. TI Muellerius capillaris Dominates the Lungworm Community of Bighorn Sheep at the National Bison Range, Montana SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Bighorn sheep; lungworms; Muellerius capillaris; Ovis canadensis; Pratostrongylus ID PARELAPHOSTRONGYLUS-ODOCOILEI; NORTH-AMERICA; NEMATODA; LARVAE; PROTOSTRONGYLIDAE; OREGON; FECES AB Lungworm infections are common among bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) North America, and the predominant species reported are Protostrongylus stilest and P rushi The only records of another lungworm species, Muellerius capillaris, infecting bighorns come from South Dakota, USA At the National Bison Range (NBR), Montana, USA we found that across six sampling periods, 100% of wild bighorn sheep surveyed were passing first-stage dorsal-spined larvae (DSL) which appeared to be consistent with M capillaris By contrast, only 39% or fewer sheep were passing Protostrongylus larvae. Using molecular techniques, we positively identified the DSL from the NBR bighorns as M capillaris This is the first definitive record of M capillaris infection in a free-ranging bighorn sheep population outside of South Dakota C1 [Ezenwa, Vanessa O.; Hines, Alicia M.; Archie, Elizabeth A.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Hoberg, Eric P.; Asmundsson, Ingrid M.] ARS, USN, Parasite Collect & Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hogg, John T.] Montana Conservat Sci Inst, Missoula, MT 59803 USA. RP Ezenwa, VO (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. FU Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana FX We thank the National Bison Range for permission to conduct research. and Stefan Ekernas, Bree Hogg, Mike Dacey, Morgan Anderson, Lila Tauzer, Kei Yasuda, Zea Walton, Charlie Henderson, Carson Lindbeck, Vicky Zero, and Wesley Sarmento for assistance collecting and processing samples This work was funded by the Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, and stimulated in part by collaborations generated through a University of Montana Project PACE Award to V.O.E. A.M.H was supported by an HHMI MILES Undergraduate Fellowship and a Davidson's Honors College Watkin's Research Award NR 23 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 46 IS 3 BP 988 EP 993 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 635XE UT WOS:000280690400038 PM 20688711 ER PT J AU Schmit, BS Primus, TM Hurley, JC Kohler, DJ Graves, SF AF Schmit, Brandon S. Primus, Thomas M. Hurley, Jerome C. Kohler, Dennis J. Graves, Shawna F. TI Response of Captive Skunks to Microencapsulated Tetracycline SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Coated sachet; mephutis mcphutis; oral rabies vaccination; pen study; striped skunk; tetracycline biomarker ID RABIES VACCINE; STRIPED SKUNKS; BAITS AB A captive striped skunk (Mephutis meplutis) study was conducted between February and June 2004 at the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Health Inspection Service, wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA The main objective was to determine the percentage of adult striped skunks that were marked after consuming placebo oral rabies vaccine (ORV) baits containing 100 mg of an experimental microencapsulated (coated microparticle) tetracycline hydrochloride biomarker Biomarkers were identified in the canine teeth and mandibles of five of live skunks that consumed all ORV bait A second objective was to determine if the microencapsulated tetracycline was resistant to photochemical conversion from tetracycline to epitetracycline After 15 days of exposure, conversion from tetracycline to epitetracycline concentration in the microencapsulated product (mean 1 9% conversion, SD = 1 24) was significantly less (P=0 006) than the pure-grade tetracycline powder (mean 75% conversion, SD=1 37) Results support the use of microencapsulated tetracycline hydrochloride as a biomarker in circumstances where the use of conventional powdered tetracycline hydrochloride is not feasible due to ORV bait design constraints C1 [Schmit, Brandon S.; Primus, Thomas M.; Hurley, Jerome C.; Kohler, Dennis J.; Graves, Shawna F.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Schmit, BS (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Dis Program, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1024 EP 1028 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 635XE UT WOS:000280690400044 PM 20688717 ER PT J AU Kilgo, JC Ray, HS Ruth, C Miller, KV AF Kilgo, John C. Ray, H. Scott Ruth, Charles Miller, Karl V. TI Can Coyotes Affect Deer Populations in Southeastern North America? SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE Canis latrans; coyote; fawn; Odocoileus virginianus; predation; Savannah River Site; South Carolina; white-tailed deer ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; FOOD-HABITS; SURVIVAL; PREDATION; FAWNS; MORTALITY; QUEBEC AB The coyote (Canis latrans) is a recent addition to the fauna of eastern North America, and in many areas coyote populations have been established for only a decade or two. Although coyotes are known predators of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in their historic range, effects this new predator may have on eastern deer populations have received little attention. We speculated that in the southeastern United States, coyotes may be affecting deer recruitment, and we present 5 lines of evidence that suggest this possibility. First, the statewide deer population in South Carolina has declined coincident with the establishment and increase in the coyote population. Second, data sets from the Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina indicate a new mortality source affecting the deer population concurrent with the increase in coyotes. Third, an index of deer recruitment at SRS declined during the period of increase in coyotes. Fourth, food habits data from SRS indicate that fawns are an important food item for coyotes during summer. Finally, recent research from Alabama documented significant coyote predation on fawns there. Although this evidence does not establish cause and effect between coyotes and observed declines in deer recruitment, we argue that additional research should proactively address this topic in the region. We identified several important questions on the nature of the deer-coyote relationship in the East. C1 [Kilgo, John C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. [Ruth, Charles] S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Columbia, SC 29202 USA. [Miller, Karl V.] Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Kilgo, JC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, POB 700, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. EM jkilgo@fs.fed.us NR 34 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 9 U2 45 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 74 IS 5 BP 929 EP 933 DI 10.2193/2009-263 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 617OQ UT WOS:000279290700004 ER PT J AU Wightman, CS Saab, VA Forristal, C Mellen-McLean, K Markus, A AF Wightman, Catherine S. Saab, Victoria A. Forristal, Chris Mellen-McLean, Kim Markus, Amy TI White-Headed Woodpecker Nesting Ecology After Wildfire SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE habitat suitability model; Mahalanobis distance; nest-site selection; nest survival; ponderosa pine; snags; white-headed; woodpecker; wildfire ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; SITE SELECTION; BIRDS; FIRE; HABITAT; LANDSCAPE; DYNAMICS; SUCCESS; OREGON; FUELS AB Within forests susceptible to wildfire and insect infestations, land managers need to balance dead tree removal and habitat requirements for wildlife species associated with snags. We used Mahalanobis distance methods to develop predictive models of white-headed woodpecker (Picoides albolarvatus) nesting habitat in postfire ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)-dominated landscapes on the Fremont-Winema National Forests in south central Oregon, USA. The 1-km radius (314 ha) surrounding 45 nest sites was open-canopied before fire and a mosaic of burn severities after wildfire. The 1-ha surrounding nests of white-headed woodpeckers had fewer live trees per hectare and more decayed and larger diameter snags than at non-nest sites. The leading cause of nest failure seemed to be predation. Habitat and abiotic features were not associated with nest survival. High daily survival rates and little variation within habitat features among nest locations suggest white-headed woodpeckers were consistently selecting high suitability habitats. Management activities that open the forest canopy and create conditions conducive to a mosaic burn pattern will probably provide suitable white-headed woodpecker nesting habitat after wildfire. When making postfire salvage logging decisions, we suggest that retention of larger, more decayed snags will provide nesting habitat in recently burned forests. C1 [Wightman, Catherine S.; Forristal, Chris] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Saab, Victoria A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Mellen-McLean, Kim] US Forest Serv, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Markus, Amy] US Forest Serv, USDA, Lakeview, OR 97630 USA. RP Wightman, CS (reprint author), Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks, POB 200701, Helena, MT 59632 USA. EM cwightman@mt.gov NR 47 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 74 IS 5 BP 1098 EP 1106 DI 10.2193/2009-174 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 617OQ UT WOS:000279290700023 ER PT J AU Augustine, DJ AF Augustine, David J. TI Spatial versus temporal variation in precipitation in a semiarid ecosystem SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bison; Grassland birds; Rainfall; Shortgrass steppe; Spatiotemporal mosaic; Spatial heterogeneity; Migration ID SHORTGRASS STEPPE; GREAT-PLAINS; VARIABILITY; GRASSLANDS; DYNAMICS; PASTORALISTS; CONSERVATION; PRODUCTIVITY; RESOURCES; RESPONSES AB Spatial and temporal variations in precipitation are central features of semiarid ecosystems, influencing patterns of plant productivity and the distribution of native fauna. Although temporal variation in precipitation has been studied extensively, far less is known about the spatial scale and pattern of precipitation variability in semiarid regions. I used long-term precipitation records to examine spatial variation across the 63 km(2) Central Plains Experimental Range in northeastern Colorado, and across the 117,000 km(2) region of shortgrass steppe in eastern Colorado. Relative to temporal variation, spatial variation was low at scales < 10 km, increased linearly across scales of 40-120 km, and was nearly equal in magnitude to temporal variation across distances of 120-160 km. Although I hypothesized that most spatial variation would be generated by early-summer convective thunderstorms in June, I found that the magnitude and spatial pattern of variation was similar for precipitation received in June compared to cumulative precipitation received during the full growing season. The degree of spatial autocorrelation in precipitation across all distances that I evaluated was similar for drought, dry, above-average and wet years. Across distances of 10-120 km, spatial variation within a single growing season was approximately two times greater than spatial variation in long-term mean growing-season precipitation, indicating spatial shifting in the locations of patches of high and low precipitation over multiple years. Overall, these findings suggest spatial variation at scales of 10-160 km may have been an important factor influencing vegetation patterns and migratory fauna of the shortgrass steppe, and have implications for livestock producers and future assessments of climate change. C1 USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Augustine, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM David.Augustine@ars.usda.gov RI Augustine, David/H-6167-2011 NR 40 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 25 IS 6 BP 913 EP 925 DI 10.1007/s10980-010-9469-y PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 607SE UT WOS:000278526000008 ER PT J AU Collins, BM Stephens, SL AF Collins, Brandon M. Stephens, Scott L. TI Stand-replacing patches within a 'mixed severity' fire regime: quantitative characterization using recent fires in a long-established natural fire area SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fire regime; Fire severity; RdNBR; Variable severity; Fire management ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; NEVADA WILDERNESS AREAS; NORTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA; LAKE TAHOE BASIN; CONIFER FOREST; KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; NORTHWESTERN MEXICO; LANDSCAPE DYNAMICS; REGRESSION TREES AB The complexity inherent in variable, or mixed-severity fire regimes makes quantitative characterization of important fire regime attributes (e.g., proportion of landscape burned at different severities, size and distribution of stand-replacing patches) difficult. As a result, there is ambiguity associated with the term 'mixed-severity'. We address this ambiguity through spatial analysis of two recent wildland fires in upper elevation mixed-conifer forests that occurred in an area with over 30 years of relatively freely-burning natural fires. We take advantage of robust estimates of fire severity and detailed spatial datasets to investigate patterns and controls on stand-replacing patches within these fires. Stand-replacing patches made up 15% of the total burned area between the two fires, which consisted of many small patches (< 4 ha) and few large patches (> 60 ha). Smaller stand-replacing patches were generally associated with shrub-dominated (Arctostaphylos spp. and Ceanothus spp.) and pine-dominated vegetation types, while larger stand-replacing patches tended to occur in more shade-tolerant, fir-dominated types. Additionally, in shrub-dominated types stand-replacing patches were often constrained to the underlying patch of vegetation, which for the shrub type were smaller across the two fire areas than vegetation patches for all other dominant vegetation types. For white and red fir forest types we found little evidence of vegetation patch constraint on the extent of stand-replacing patches. The patch dynamics we identified can be used to inform management strategies for landscapes in similar forest types. C1 [Collins, Brandon M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Stephens, Scott L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ecosyst Sci Div, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Collins, BM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, 1731 Res Pk Dr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM bmcollins@fs.fed.us FU Joint Fire Sciences Program FX We sincerely thank Jay Miller and Andi Thode for their work in developing burn severity images for Yosemite National Park fires. We also thank Jan van Wagtendonk for his thoughtful discussions on the topic and Kent van Wagtendonk for providing data. The Joint Fire Sciences Program funded this research. NR 46 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 25 IS 6 BP 927 EP 939 DI 10.1007/s10980-010-9470-5 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 607SE UT WOS:000278526000009 ER PT J AU Cushman, SA Landguth, EL AF Cushman, Samuel A. Landguth, Erin L. TI Scale dependent inference in landscape genetics SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Landscape genetics; Scale; Grain; Extent; Thematic resolution; Gradient; Pattern; Process; Gene flow; Simulation ID POPULATION-GENETICS; PATTERN METRICS; CHANGING SCALE; ECOLOGY; INDEXES; FLOW; SENSITIVITY; FRAGMENTATION; REGRESSION; BEHAVIOR AB Ecological relationships between patterns and processes are highly scale dependent. This paper reports the first formal exploration of how changing scale of research away from the scale of the processes governing gene flow affects the results of landscape genetic analysis. We used an individual-based, spatially explicit simulation model to generate patterns of genetic similarity among organisms across a complex landscape that would result given a stipulated landscape resistance model. We then evaluated how changes to the grain, extent, and thematic resolution of that landscape model affect the nature and strength of observed landscape genetic pattern-process relationships. We evaluated three attributes of scale including thematic resolution, pixel size, and focal window size. We observed large effects of changing thematic resolution of analysis from the stipulated continuously scaled resistance process to a number of categorical reclassifications. Grain and window size have smaller but statistically significant effects on landscape genetic analyses. Importantly, power in landscape genetics increases as grain of analysis becomes finer. The analysis failed to identify the operative grain governing the process, with the general pattern of stronger apparent relationship with finer grain, even at grains finer than the governing process. The results suggest that correct specification of the thematic resolution of landscape resistance models dominates effects of grain and extent. This emphasizes the importance of evaluating a range of biologically realistic resistance hypotheses in studies to associate landscape patterns to gene flow processes. C1 [Cushman, Samuel A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Landguth, Erin L.] Univ Montana, Individualized Interdisciplinary Grad Program, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Cushman, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM scushman@fs.fed.us; erin.landguth@umontana.com NR 49 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 25 IS 6 BP 967 EP 979 DI 10.1007/s10980-010-9467-0 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 607SE UT WOS:000278526000012 ER PT J AU Lehotay, SJ Anastassiades, M Majors, RE AF Lehotay, Steven J. Anastassiades, Michelangelo Majors, Ronald E. TI QuEChERS, a Sample Preparation Technique that Is "Catching On": An Up-to-Date Interview with the Inventors SO LC GC NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRIC DETECTION; PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ANALYTE PROTECTANTS; MULTIRESIDUE METHOD; GAS; VEGETABLES; FRUITS; COMBINATION; EXTRACTION C1 [Lehotay, Steven J.] EU Reference Lab Pesticide Residue Anal, CVUA Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany. [Anastassiades, Michelangelo] ARS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Majors, Ronald E.] Agilent Technol, Columns & Supplies Div, Wilmington, DE USA. RP Lehotay, SJ (reprint author), EU Reference Lab Pesticide Residue Anal, CVUA Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany. EM lcgcedit@lcgcmag.com NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 21 PU ADVANSTAR COMMUNICATIONS INC PI WOODLAND HILLS PA 6200 CANOGA AVE, 2ND FLR, WOODLAND HILLS, CA 91367 USA SN 1527-5949 J9 LC GC N AM JI LC GC N. AM. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 28 IS 7 BP 504 EP + PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 630CL UT WOS:000280249200001 ER PT J AU Xu, JY Cheng, W Inglett, GE Wu, PS Kim, S Liu, SX Tseng, Y AF Xu, Jingyuan Cheng, Wei Inglett, George E. Wu, Peihsun Kim, Sanghoon Liu, Sean X. Tseng, Yiider TI Micro-heterogeneity of cellulosic fiber biopolymer prepared from corn hulls SO LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cellulosic fiber; Corn; Micro-heterogeneity; Multiple-particle tracking (MPT); Z-Trim ID MULTIPLE-PARTICLE TRACKING AB Z-trim is a zero calorie cellulosic fiber biopolymer produced from corn hulls. The micro-structural heterogeneities of Z-trim biopolymer were investigated by monitoring the thermally driven displacements of well-dispersed micro-spheres via video fluorescence microscopy named multiple-particle tracking (MPT). By comparing the distribution of the time-dependent mean-square displacement (MSD) of polystyrene micro-spheres embedded in three concentrations of Z-trim, we found that the degree of heterogeneity of the suspensions increased dramatically within a narrow range of concentrations. The ensemble-averaged MSD of 0.5 g/100 g Z-trim biopolymer exhibited a power-law behavior that scaled log-linearly with time lag. This behavior was similar to that of homogeneous aqueous glycerol solution. But the MSD distribution for Z-trim was wider and more asymmetric than for glycerol. Increasing Z-trim concentration caused more deviation of micro-spheres colloidal dispersion from homogeneity as detected by the MPT. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Xu, Jingyuan; Inglett, George E.; Kim, Sanghoon; Liu, Sean X.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr & Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Cheng, Wei; Wu, Peihsun; Tseng, Yiider] Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Xu, JY (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr & Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM james.xu@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service FX This work was financially supported by US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0023-6438 J9 LWT-FOOD SCI TECHNOL JI LWT-Food Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 43 IS 6 BP 977 EP 981 DI 10.1016/j.lwt.2010.02.008 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 587YY UT WOS:000277034000021 ER PT J AU Peng, YS Brown, MA Wu, JP Liu, Z AF Peng, Y. S. Brown, M. A. Wu, J. P. Liu, Z. TI Different oilseed supplements alter fatty acid composition of different adipose tissues of adult ewes SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Conjugated linoleic acid; n-6/n-3; Oil seed; Sheep ID CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; STEARIC-ACID; MUSCLE; LAMBS; OIL; PERFORMANCE; DIETS; CARCASS; MILK; DIGESTIBILITY AB Twenty-five mature Small Tail Han ewes were used to investigate the effects of supplemental oilseeds in the diet (sunflower seed, safflower seed, rapeseed, and linseed) on fatty acid composition in different tissues (longissimus lumborum muscle, tail fat, subcutaneous back fat and kidney fat). Averaged over tissue, safflower and sunflower seed was most effective (P<0.05) in enhancing the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid compared to rapeseed, linseed, and control (1.35% and 1.15% vs. 0.80%, 0.80%, and 0.75%, respectively). Linseed supplemented ewes had lesser n-6/n-3 value (2.48, P<0.05) compared to sunflower and safflower supplemented ewes (6.12 and 3.90, respectively). Fatty acid composition for most major fatty acids differed among tissues (P<0.05) but tissue differences varied depending on oilseed supplement (P<0.05). Proportions of conjugated linoleic acid were greatest in tail fat (1.54% vs. 0.82%, 0.79% and 0.70% for kidney, back, and muscle fat, P<0.05) as were total unsaturated fatty acids (49.1% vs. 42.4%, 36.7% and 33.4% for muscle, back, and kidney fat, P<0.05) and tail fat was the most responsive tissue to improvement in fatty acid profile through supplementation. Beneficial fatty acid content of tissues can be increased by oilseed supplementation, but the magnitude of increase varies according to tissue. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Peng, Y. S.; Wu, J. P.; Liu, Z.] Gansu Agr Univ, Fac Anim Sci & Technol, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Brown, M. A.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Wu, JP (reprint author), Gansu Agr Univ, Fac Anim Sci & Technol, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. EM wujp@gsau.edu.cn NR 31 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 85 IS 3 BP 542 EP 549 DI 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.03.003 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 605JQ UT WOS:000278344300025 PM 20416838 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Li, XJ Guo, YM Chan, L Guan, XF AF Wang, Yi Li, Xiaojie Guo, Yuming Chan, Lawrence Guan, Xinfu TI alpha-Lipoic acid increases energy expenditure by enhancing adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha signaling in the skeletal muscle of aged mice SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID ACETYL-L-CARNITINE; MITOCHONDRIAL BIOGENESIS; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; DIABETES-MELLITUS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GLUCOSE-UPTAKE; AMP-KINASE; OLD RATS; EXPRESSION; GLUT4 AB Skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with aging and diabetes, which decreases respiratory capacity and increases reactive oxygen species. Lipoic acid (LA) possesses antioxidative and antidiabetic properties. Metabolic action of LA is mediated by activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a cellular energy sensor that can regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha), a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. We hypothesized that LA improves energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis by enhancing AMPK-PGC-1 alpha signaling in the skeletal muscle of aged mice. C57BL/6 mice (24 months old, male) were supplemented with or without alpha-LA (0.75% in drinking water) for 1 month. In addition, metabolic action and cellular signaling of LA were studied in cultured mouse myoblastoma C2C12 cells. Lipoic acid supplementation improved body composition, glucose tolerance, and energy expenditure in the aged mice. Lipoic acid increased skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis with increased phosphorylation of AMPK and messenger RNA expression of PGC-1 alpha and glucose transporter-4. Besides body fat mass, LA decreased lean mass and attenuated phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in the skeletal muscle. In cultured C2C12 cells, LA increased glucose uptake and palmitate beta-oxidation, but decreased protein synthesis, which was associated with increased phosphorylation of AMPK and expression of PGC-1 alpha and glucose transporter-4, and attenuated phosphorylation of mTOR and p70S6 kinase. We conclude that LA improves skeletal muscle energy metabolism in the aged mouse possibly through enhancing AMPK-PGC-1 alpha-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Moreover, LA increases lean mass loss possibly by suppressing protein synthesis in the skeletal muscle by down-regulating the mTOR signaling pathway. Thus, LA may be a promising supplement for treatment of obesity and/or insulin resistance in older patients. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Yi; Li, Xiaojie; Guan, Xinfu] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Wang, Yi; Li, Xiaojie; Guo, Yuming] China Agr Univ, State Key Lab Anim Nutr, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Chan, Lawrence; Guan, Xinfu] Baylor Coll Med, Div Diabet Endocrinol & Metab, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Guan, XF (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM xguan@bcm.edu FU US Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service [6250-51000-043]; National Institutes of Health [5K01DK75489, HL51586] FX The authors thank Qiang Tong, Douglas Burrin, Nancy Butte, and Adam Gillum at Baylor College of Medicine for scientific and technical support. This work is supported by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement No. 6250-51000-043 and National Institutes of Health grants 5K01DK75489 (XG) and HL51586 (LC). This work is a publication of the USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA; nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 45 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 15 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 59 IS 7 BP 967 EP 976 DI 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.10.018 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 611WH UT WOS:000278854400006 PM 20015518 ER PT J AU Manter, DK Delgado, JA Holm, DG Stong, RA AF Manter, Daniel K. Delgado, Jorge A. Holm, David G. Stong, Rachel A. TI Pyrosequencing Reveals a Highly Diverse and Cultivar-Specific Bacterial Endophyte Community in Potato Roots SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA; INTERGENIC SPACER ANALYSIS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; RARE BIOSPHERE; PRIMERS; PLANTS; PCR; COLONIZATION; SEQUENCES AB In this study, we examined the bacterial endophyte community of potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivar/clones using two different molecular-based techniques (bacterial automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (B-ARISA) and pyrosequencing). B-ARISA profiles revealed a significant difference in the endophytic community between cultivars (perMANOVA, p < 0.001), and canonical correspondence analysis showed a significant correlation between the community structure and plant biomass (p = 0.001). Pyrosequencing detected, on average, 477 +/- 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs, 97% genetic similarity) residing within the roots of each cultivar, with a Chao estimated total OTU richness of 1,265 +/- 313. Across all cultivars, a total of 238 known genera from 15 phyla were identified. Interestingly, five of the ten most common genera (Rheinheimera, Dyadobacter, Devosia, Pedobacter, and Pseudoxanthomonas) have not, to our knowledge, been previously reported as endophytes of potato. Like the B-ARISA analysis, the endophytic communities differed between cultivar/clones (a <<-libshuff, p < 0.001) and exhibited low similarities on both a presence/absence (0.145 +/- 0.019) and abundance (0.420 +/- 0.081) basis. Seventeen OTUs showed a strong positive (r > 0.600) or negative (r < -0.600) correlation with plant biomass, suggesting a possible link between plant production and endophyte abundance. This study represents one of the most comprehensive assessments of the bacterial endophytic communities to date, and similar analyses in other plant species, cultivars, or tissues could be utilized to further elucidate the potential contribution(s) of endophytic communities to plant physiology and production. C1 [Manter, Daniel K.; Delgado, Jorge A.; Stong, Rachel A.] ARS, USDA, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Holm, David G.] Colorado State Univ, San Luis Valley Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Manter, DK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM daniel.manter@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 5 U2 60 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 60 IS 1 BP 157 EP 166 DI 10.1007/s00248-010-9658-x PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 636BA UT WOS:000280701500014 PM 20414647 ER PT J AU Wubben, MJ Callahan, FE Scheffler, BS AF Wubben, Martin J. Callahan, Franklin E. Scheffler, Brian S. TI Transcript analysis of parasitic females of the sedentary semi-endoparasitic nematode Rotylenchulus reniformis SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reniform nematode; EST; Sequencing; Parasitism; RNAi; Plant ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; THIAMIN BIOSYNTHESIS; BURSAPHELENCHUS-XYLOPHILUS; GLOBODERA-ROSTOCHIENSIS; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; SEQUENCE; GENES AB Rotylenchulus reniformis, the reniform nematode, is a sedentary semi-endoparasitic nematode capable of infecting >300 plant species, including a large number of crops such as cotton, soybean, and pineapple. In contrast to other economically important plant-parasitic nematodes, molecular genetic data regarding the R. reniformis transcriptome is virtually nonexistant. Herein, we present a survey of R. reniforrnis ESTs that were sequenced from a sedentary parasitic female cDNA library. Cluster analysis of 2004 high quality ESTs produced 123 contigs and 508 singletons for a total of 631 R. reniformis unigenes. BLASTX analyses revealed that 39% of all unigenes showed similarity to known proteins (E <= 1.0e-04). R. reniformis genes homologous to known parasitism genes were identified and included beta-1,4-endoglucanase, fatty acid- and retinol-binding proteins, and an esophageal gland cell-specific gene from Heterodera glycines. Furthermore, a putative ortholog of an enzyme involved in thiamin biosynthesis, thought to exist solely in prokaryotes, fungi, and plants, was identified. Lastly, 114 R. reniformis unigenes orthologous to RNAi-lethal Caenorhabditis elegans genes were discovered. The work described here offers a glimpse into the transcriptome of a sedentary semi-endoparasitic nematode which (i) provides the transcript sequence data necessary for investigating engineered resistance against R. reniformis and (ii) hints at the existance of a thiamin biosynthesis pathway in an animal. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wubben, Martin J.; Callahan, Franklin E.] USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Scheffler, Brian S.] USDA ARS, Mid S Area Genom Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Wubben, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM martin.wubben@ars.usda.gov OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 56 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 EI 1872-9428 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 172 IS 1 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2010.03.011 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 604FN UT WOS:000278262800004 PM 20346373 ER PT J AU Tallmon, DA Gregovich, D Waples, RS Baker, CS Jackson, J Taylor, BL Archer, E Martien, KK Allendorf, FW Schwartz, MK AF Tallmon, David A. Gregovich, Dave Waples, Robin S. Baker, C. Scott Jackson, Jennifer Taylor, Barbara L. Archer, Eric Martien, Karen K. Allendorf, Fred W. Schwartz, Michael K. TI When are genetic methods useful for estimating contemporary abundance and detecting population trends? SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE abundance; effective population size; genetic monitoring; population size; population trend ID LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; SIZE; DNA; PROGRAM; BEARS; DIVERSITY; HISTORY AB The utility of microsatellite markers for inferring population size and trend has not been rigorously examined, even though these markers are commonly used to monitor the demography of natural populations. We assessed the ability of a linkage disequilibrium estimator of effective population size (N(e)) and a simple capture-recapture estimator of abundance (N) to quantify the size and trend of stable or declining populations (true N = 100-10,000), using simulated Wright-Fisher populations. Neither method accurately or precisely estimated abundance at sample sizes of S = 30 individuals, regardless of true N. However, if larger samples of S = 60 or 120 individuals were collected, these methods provided useful insights into abundance and trends for populations of N = 100-500. At small population sizes (N = 100 or 250), precision of the N(e) estimates was improved slightly more by a doubling of loci sampled than by a doubling of individuals sampled. In general, monitoring N(e) proved a more robust means of identifying stable and declining populations than monitoring N over most of the parameter space we explored, and performance of the N(e) estimator is further enhanced if the N(e)/N ratio is low. However, at the largest population size (N = 10,000), N estimation outperformed N(e). Both methods generally required >= 5 generations to pass between sampling events to correctly identify population trend. C1 [Tallmon, David A.] Univ Alaska SE, Biol & Marine Biol Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Gregovich, Dave; Taylor, Barbara L.; Archer, Eric; Martien, Karen K.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Waples, Robin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Baker, C. Scott; Jackson, Jennifer] Oregon State Univ, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Baker, C. Scott; Jackson, Jennifer] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Allendorf, Fred W.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Schwartz, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Tallmon, DA (reprint author), Univ Alaska SE, Biol & Marine Biol Program, 11120 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM david.tallmon@uas.alaska.edu RI Jackson, Jennifer/E-7997-2013; Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367; FU National Evolutionary Synthesis Center [EF-0423641]; NSF [EF-0553768]; University of California; Santa Barbara; State of California FX This work was conducted as part of the Genetic Monitoring (GeM) Working Group jointly supported by the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NSF #EF-0423641) and the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a centre funded by NSF (NSF #EF-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. We thank all members of the NCEAS/NESCent Genetic Monitoring Working Group who contributed useful input and ideas to this effort. We also thank Paul Lukacs and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. NR 31 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 684 EP 692 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02831.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 609SB UT WOS:000278676300011 PM 21565073 ER PT J AU Zapiola, ML Cronn, RC Mallory-Smith, CA AF Zapiola, Maria L. Cronn, Richard C. Mallory-Smith, Carol A. TI Development of novel chloroplast microsatellite markers to identify species in the Agrostis complex (Poaceae) and related genera SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE bentgrass; creeping bentgrass; grasses; hybridization; primers; SSR ID GRASSES POACEAE AB We needed a reliable way to identify species and confirm potential interspecific and intergeneric hybrids in a landscape level study of gene flow from transgenic glyphosate-resistant Agrostis stolonifera (Poaceae) to compatible relatives. We developed 12 new polymorphic chloroplast microsatellite markers to aid in identifying species recipient of transgenic pollen both within the Agrostis complex and the related genera Polypogon. C1 [Zapiola, Maria L.; Mallory-Smith, Carol A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Cronn, Richard C.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Zapiola, ML (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, 107 Crop Sci Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM maria.zapiola@oregonstate.edu OI Cronn, Richard/0000-0001-5342-3494 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 738 EP 740 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02828.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 609SB UT WOS:000278676300020 PM 21565082 ER PT J AU Aurelle, D Baker, AJ Bottin, L Brouat, C Caccone, A Chaix, A Dhakal, P Ding, Y Duplantier, JM Fiedler, W Fietz, J Fong, Y Forcioli, D Freitas, TRO Gunnarsson, GH Haddrath, O Hadziabdic, D Hauksdottir, S Havill, NP Heinrich, M Heinz, T Hjorleifsdottir, S Hong, Y Hreggvidsson, GO Huchette, S Hurst, J Kane, M Kane, NC Kawakami, T Ke, W Keith, RA Klauke, N Klein, JL Kun, JFJ Li, C Li, GQ Li, JJ Loiseau, A Lu, LZ Lucas, M Martins-Ferreira, C Mokhtar-Jamai, K Olafsson, K Pampoulie, C Pan, L Pooler, MR Ren, JD Rinehart, TA Roussel, V Santos, MO Schaefer, HM Scheffler, BE Schmidt, A Segelbacher, G Shen, JD Skirnisdottir, S Sommer, S Tao, ZR Taubert, R Tian, Y Tomiuk, J Trigiano, RN Ungerer, MC van Wormhoudt, A Wadl, PA Wang, DQ Weis-Dootz, T Xia, Q Yuan, QY AF Aurelle, D. Baker, A. J. Bottin, L. Brouat, C. Caccone, A. Chaix, A. Dhakal, P. Ding, Y. Duplantier, J. M. Fiedler, W. Fietz, J. Fong, Y. Forcioli, D. Freitas, T. R. O. Gunnarsson, G. H. Haddrath, O. Hadziabdic, D. Hauksdottir, S. Havill, N. P. Heinrich, M. Heinz, T. Hjorleifsdottir, S. Hong, Y. Hreggvidsson, G. O. Huchette, S. Hurst, J. Kane, M. Kane, N. C. Kawakami, T. Ke, W. Keith, R. A. Klauke, N. Klein, J. L. Kun, J. F. J. Li, C. Li, G. -Q. Li, J. -J. Loiseau, A. Lu, L-Z. Lucas, M. Martins-Ferreira, C. Mokhtar-Jamai, K. Olafsson, K. Pampoulie, C. Pan, L. Pooler, M. R. Ren, J. -D. Rinehart, T. A. Roussel, V. Santos, M. O. Schaefer, H. M. Scheffler, B. E. Schmidt, A. Segelbacher, G. Shen, J. -D. Skirnisdottir, S. Sommer, S. Tao, Z. -R. Taubert, R. Tian, Y. Tomiuk, J. Trigiano, R. N. Ungerer, M. C. van Wormhoudt, A. Wadl, P. A. Wang, D. -Q. Weis-Dootz, T. Xia, Q. Yuan, Q. -Y. CA Mol Ecology Resources Primer Dev C TI Permanent Genetic Resources added to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 February 2010-31 March 2010 SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article AB This article documents the addition of 228 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Anser cygnoides, Apodemus flavicollis, Athene noctua, Cercis canadensis, Glis glis, Gubernatrix cristata, Haliotis tuberculata, Helianthus maximiliani, Laricobius nigrinus, Laricobius rubidus, Neoheligmonella granjoni, Nephrops norvegicus, Oenanthe javanica, Paramuricea clavata, Pyrrhura orcesi and Samanea saman. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Apodemus sylvaticus, Laricobius laticollis and Laricobius osakensis (a proposed new species currently being described). C1 [Aurelle, D.; Chaix, A.; Mokhtar-Jamai, K.] Aix Marseille Univ, Ctr Oceanol Marseille, CNRS, UMR 6540,DIMAR, F-13007 Marseille, France. [Baker, A. J.; Haddrath, O.] Royal Ontario Museum, Nat Hist Dept, Toronto, ON 80139, Canada. [Bottin, L.] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Fac Sci, EA 4228 ECOMERS, F-06108 Nice, France. [Brouat, C.; Duplantier, J. M.; Loiseau, A.] INRA IRD Cirad Montpellier SupAgo, UMR CBGP, IRD, CS 30 016, F-34988 Montferrier Sur Lez, France. [Caccone, A.; Havill, N. P.; Klein, J. L.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Caccone, A.; Havill, N. P.; Klein, J. L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. [Dhakal, P.; Kawakami, T.; Ungerer, M. C.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Dhakal, P.; Kawakami, T.; Ungerer, M. C.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Ding, Y.; Pan, L.; Xia, Q.] Wuhan Univ, Dept Genet, Coll Life Sci, Key Lab MOE Plant Dev Biol, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. [Fiedler, W.] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Schloss Moeggingen, D-78315 Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany. [Fietz, J.; Weis-Dootz, T.] Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. [Fong, Y.] Natl Pk Board, Singapore 259569, Singapore. [Freitas, T. R. O.; Martins-Ferreira, C.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Zool, PPG Biol Anim, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Gunnarsson, G. H.] Matis, Nyheimum, IS-780 Hofn, Iceland. [Hadziabdic, D.; Wadl, P. A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Heinrich, M.] Univ Freiburg, Inst Legal Med, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Hauksdottir, S.; Hjorleifsdottir, S.; Hreggvidsson, G. O.; Olafsson, K.; Skirnisdottir, S.] Matis, IS-113 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Hong, Y.] Natl Univ Singapore, Temasek Life Sci Lab, Singapore 117604, Singapore. [Hreggvidsson, G. O.; Olafsson, K.] Univ Iceland, Fac Life & Environm Sci, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Huchette, S.] France Haliotis, F-29880 Kerazan, Plouguerneau, France. [Hurst, J.; Segelbacher, G.] Univ Freiburg, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Management, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. [Kane, M.] CBGP, IRD, Dakar, Senegal. [Kane, N. C.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Ke, W.] Natl Germplasm Repository Aquat Vegetables, Wuhan 430065, Peoples R China. [Keith, R. A.] Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. [Klauke, N.; Schaefer, H. M.] Univ Freiburg, Fac Biol, Deptartment Evolutionary Biol & Anim Ecol, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany. [Kun, J. F. J.] Univ Tubingen, Inst Trop Med, Dept Parasitol, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. [Li, G. -Q.; Li, J. -J.; Lu, L-Z.; Ren, J. -D.; Tao, Z. -R.; Tian, Y.; Wang, D. -Q.; Yuan, Q. -Y.] Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci, Inst Anim Husb & Vet Med, Lab Poultry Sci, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Pampoulie, C.] Marine Res Inst, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Pooler, M. R.] ARS, US Natl Arboretum, USDA, Washington, DC 20002 USA. [Rinehart, T. A.] ARS, USDA, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Roussel, V.; van Wormhoudt, A.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, BOREA, Stn Biol Marine, UMR 7208, F-29900 Concarneau, France. [Santos, M. O.] Univ Estadual Campinas, CBMEG, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Scheffler, B. E.] ARS, USDA, Genom & Bioinformat Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Schmidt, A.; Sommer, S.; Taubert, R.] Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, D-10315 Berlin, Germany. [Tomiuk, J.] Univ Tubingen, Inst Human Genet, Dept Med Genet, Div Gen Human Genet, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. RP Aurelle, D (reprint author), Aix Marseille Univ, Ctr Oceanol Marseille, CNRS, UMR 6540,DIMAR, Rue Batterie Lions, F-13007 Marseille, France. RI aurelle, didier/F-2592-2010; Ferreira, Claiton/F-9212-2010; Kawakami, Takeshi/B-9060-2009; Kun, Jurgen/C-1280-2010; Segelbacher, Gernot/F-3633-2011; Forcioli, Didier/F-6484-2011; Freitas, Thales/G-1160-2012; Hong, Yan/D-5106-2014; OI aurelle, didier/0000-0002-3922-7291; Ferreira, Claiton/0000-0002-9035-5985; Kawakami, Takeshi/0000-0002-9204-6852; Segelbacher, Gernot/0000-0002-8024-7008; Forcioli, Didier/0000-0002-5505-0932; Freitas, Thales/0000-0002-1019-9303; Hong, Yan/0000-0002-2954-8788; Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 0 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 751 EP 754 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02871.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 609SB UT WOS:000278676300024 ER PT J AU Hull, JM Keane, JJ Savage, WK Godwin, SA Shafer, JA Jepsen, EP Gerhardt, R Stermer, C Ernest, HB AF Hull, Joshua M. Keane, John J. Savage, Wesley K. Godwin, Steven A. Shafer, Jo Ann Jepsen, Eric P. Gerhardt, Rick Stermer, Chris Ernest, Holly B. TI Range-wide genetic differentiation among North American great gray owls (Strix nebulosa) reveals a distinct lineage restricted to the Sierra Nevada, California SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Sierra Nevada; Great gray owl; Strix nebulosa; Phylogeny; Divergence times; Pleistocene; Conservation ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; STATISTICAL TESTS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; GALAPAGOS HAWK; MIXED MODELS; SPOTTED OWL; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; CONSERVATION AB Investigations of regional genetic differentiation are essential for describing phylogeographic patterns and informing management efforts for species of conservation concern. In this context, we investigated genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships among great gray owl (Strix nebulosa) populations in western North America, which includes an allopatric range in the southern Sierra Nevada in California. Based on a total dataset consisting of 30 nuclear microsatellite DNA loci and 1938-base pairs of mitochondrial DNA, we found that Pacific Northwest sampling groups were recovered by frequency and Bayesian analyses of microsatellite data and each population sampled, except for western Canada, showed evidence of recent population bottlenecks and low effective sizes. Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses of sequence data indicated that the allopatric Sierra Nevada population is also a distinct lineage with respect to the larger species range in North America; we suggest a subspecies designation for this lineage should be considered (Strix nebulosa yosemitensis). Our study underscores the importance of phylogeographic studies for identifying lineages of conservation concern, as well as the important role of Pleistocene glaciation events in driving genetic differentiation of avian fauna. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Hull, Joshua M.; Ernest, Holly B.] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife & Ecol Unit, Vet Genet Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hull, Joshua M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Genom Variat Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Savage, Wesley K.; Jepsen, Eric P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Savage, Wesley K.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Godwin, Steven A.] Medford BLM Dist, Ashland Resource Area, Medford, OR 97504 USA. [Gerhardt, Rick] Sage Sci Inc, Madras, OR 97741 USA. [Stermer, Chris] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Wildlife Branch, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Ernest, Holly B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hull, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife & Ecol Unit, Vet Genet Lab, 258 CCAH,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jmhull@ucdavis.edu OI /0000-0002-0205-8818 FU USDA Forest Service-Pacific Southwest Research Station-Sierra Nevada Research Center; Region 5-USDA Forest Service; Yosemite Fund; US Bureau of Land Management; University of California Genetic Resources Conservation; UC Davis Graduate Group in Ecology; UC Davis Veterinary Genetics Laboratory; Microsoft Corporation FX We thank the USDA Forest Service, Yosemite National Park, US Bureau of Land Management Medford District, Calgary Wildlife Rehabilitation Society, California Department of Fish and Game, Lindsay Wildlife Hospital, UC Davis Raptor Center, UC Davis Veterinary Teaching Hospital, UC. Davis Museum of Wildlife and Fish Biology, N. Anderson, E. Bull, R. Byrnes, J. Duncan, A. Engilis, W. Farrier, C. Gallagher, D. Gerhardt, P. Krueger, J. Maurer, J. Medley, S. Patla, B. Stedman, S. Stock, L. Tell, L. Tierney, and S. Thompson for assistance with sample collection and logistical support. Financial support was provided by the USDA Forest Service-Pacific Southwest Research Station-Sierra Nevada Research Center, Region 5-USDA Forest Service, Yosemite Fund, US Bureau of Land Management, University of California Genetic Resources Conservation Program, the UC Davis Graduate Group in Ecology, and the UC Davis Veterinary Genetics Laboratory. Part of this work was carried out by using the resources of the Computational Biology Service Unit from Cornell University, which is partially funded by Microsoft Corporation. We also thank M. Stephens for valuable comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. Two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Dean M. Chriss Photography generously provided the great gray owl image adapted in Fig. 3. This study is dedicated to the memory of Jeff Maurer. NR 65 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 56 IS 1 BP 212 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.02.027 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 608MX UT WOS:000278589500019 PM 20193768 ER PT J AU Meng, L Ruth, KC Fletcher, JC Feldman, L AF Meng, Ling Ruth, Kenneth C. Fletcher, Jennifer C. Feldman, Lewis TI The Roles of Different CLE Domains in Arabidopsis CLE Polypeptide Activity and Functional Specificity SO MOLECULAR PLANT LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; cell signaling; CLE; meristem; polypeptide; protein domain ID RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE; STEM-CELL FATE; ROOT-MERISTEM; SIGNAL SEQUENCE; ORGAN DEVELOPMENT; GENE ENCODES; CLAVATA1; SHOOT; PROTEIN; CLV3 AB The CLE (CLVATA3/ESR-related) family of plant polypeptide signaling molecules shares a conserved 14-amino-acid (aa) motif, designated the CLE motif, which recent studies suggest is sufficient for CLE function in vitro. In this study, we report that Arabidopsis CLE proteins can function in a tissue-specific manner and confirm some CLE factors can act through different receptors. Using domain swapping, we show for the first time that the CLE motif likely determines much of the functional tissue-specificity of the proteins in planta. However, we also provide evidence in support of the new view that sequences outside the CLE motif (14 aa) contribute to CLE function and functional specificity in vivo. Additionally, we report that deletion of the putative signal peptide from different CLE proteins completely inactivates CLE function in vivo, whereas exchanging the CLE signal peptides with a conventional signal peptide from a rice glycine-rich cell wall protein also influences CLE function. We thus propose that the CLE motif itself determines its functional tissue-specificity by dictating the direct recognition and interaction of each CLE peptide with its optimal receptor(s), whereas the receptor(s) may be available in a tissue-specific manner. On the other hand, the sequences outside the CLE motif may influence CLE function by affecting the processing of CLE peptides, resulting in a change in the availability and/or abundance of CLE peptides in specific tissues and/or cells. C1 [Meng, Ling; Ruth, Kenneth C.; Feldman, Lewis] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fletcher, Jennifer C.] USDA UC Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Feldman, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ljfeldman@berkeley.edu FU National Science Foundation [MCB-0313546] FX This research was supported by a National Science Foundation grant to L.F. and J.C.F. (Arabidopsis 2010 MCB-0313546). NR 54 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 12 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1674-2052 EI 1752-9867 J9 MOL PLANT JI Mol. Plant. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 3 IS 4 BP 760 EP 772 DI 10.1093/mp/ssq021 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 633WO UT WOS:000280537900012 PM 20494950 ER PT J AU Balmas, V Migheli, Q Scherm, B Garau, P O'Donnell, K Ceccherelli, G Rang, SC Geiser, DM AF Balmas, Virgilio Migheli, Quirico Scherm, Barbara Garau, Paola O'Donnell, Kerry Ceccherelli, Giulia Rang, Seogchan Geiser, David M. TI Multilocus phylogenetics show high levels of endemic fusaria inhabiting Sardinian soils (Tyrrhenian Islands) SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE biogeography; island biodiversity; molecular ecology; mycoflora; soil fungi ID SOLANI SPECIES COMPLEX; GENE GENEALOGIES; CONTACT-LENS; HEAD BLIGHT; AUSTRALIA; MYCOGEOGRAPHY; MYCOTOXINS; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES AB The Mediterranean island of Sardinia is well known for high levels of vascular plant diversity and endemism, hut little is known about its microbial diversity. Under the hypothesis that Fusarium species would show similarly high diversity, we estimated variability in Fusarium species composition among 10 sites around the island. Markers previously adopted for multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were used to determine multilocus DNA sequence haplotypes for 263 Fusarium isolates. In addition portions of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha and second largest RNA polymerase subunit genes were sequenced for all isolates. The intergenic spacer (IGS) region of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene repeat was sequenced for members of the F. oxysporum species complex (FOSC), and a portion of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene repeat comprising the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and part of the large nuclear ribosomal RNA subunit was sequenced for members of the F. solani species complex (FSSC). Seventy-three multilocus haplotypes were identified among the 263 isolates typed, of which 48 represented FOSC and FSSC. Thirty-seven of 48 FOSC two-locus and FSSC three-locus haplotypes had not been observed previously. The 38 non-FOSC/FSSC fusaria comprised 25 haplotypes distributed among 10 species, five of which appear to represent novel, phylogenetically distinct species. In general newly discovered haplotypes were restricted to one or a few sites. All FSSC isolates represented new haplotypes in phylogenetic species FSSC 5 and 9, which differ from the phylogenetic species dominant in soils worldwide. No obvious correlations were found between haplotype diversity and geospatial or habitat. distribution. Overall these results indicate a high degree of Fusarium genetic diversity on multiple geographic scales within Sardinia. These results contrast with recent work showing that common, cosmopolitan Species dominate Sardinia's Trichoderma biodiversity. All data are available for access and viewing from the FUSARIUM-ID database. C1 [Balmas, Virgilio; Migheli, Quirico; Scherm, Barbara; Garau, Paola] Univ Sassari, Dipartimento Prot Piante, Ctr Conservaz & Valorizzaz Biodiversita Vegetale, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. [Balmas, Virgilio; Migheli, Quirico; Scherm, Barbara; Garau, Paola] Univ Sassari, Unita Ric, Ist Nazl Biostrutture & Biosistemi, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. [O'Donnell, Kerry] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. [Ceccherelli, Giulia] Univ Sassari, Dipartimento Sci Bot Ecol & Geol, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. [Rang, Seogchan; Geiser, David M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Balmas, V (reprint author), Univ Sassari, Dipartimento Prot Piante, Ctr Conservaz & Valorizzaz Biodiversita Vegetale, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. EM balmas@uniss.it RI Migheli, Quirico/B-7203-2009; Geiser, David/J-9950-2013; Scherm, Barbara/J-8092-2015; Balmas, Virgilio/J-8194-2015 OI Migheli, Quirico/0000-0002-2459-5833; Scherm, Barbara/0000-0001-6122-7186; Balmas, Virgilio/0000-0003-3213-3089 FU Regione Autonoma della Sardegna; National Science Foundation; Bausch Lomb Inc.; Ministry of University and Research FX We thank A. Marcello and G. Sini for technical assistance and Stacy Sink for generating the multilocus DNA sequence data. DMG acknowledges support by the Regione Autonoma della Sardegna, Visiting Professor Program at the University of Sassari, Italy, and financial support from the National Science Foundation and Bausch & Lomb Inc. A portion of this research was financially, supported by the Ministry of University and Research (PRIN 2007: Transposon tagging and RNA silencing in the wheat pathogen Fusarium culmorum) to QM. The mention of company names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other companies or similar products not mentioned. NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 11 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 102 IS 4 BP 803 EP 812 DI 10.3852/09-201 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 621KP UT WOS:000279577000006 PM 20648748 ER PT J AU Peterson, SW Jurjevic, Z Bills, GF Stchigel, AM Guarro, J Vega, FE AF Peterson, Stephen W. Jurjevic, Zeljko Bills, Gerald F. Miguel Stchigel, Alberto Guarro, Josep Vega, Fernando E. TI Genus Hamigera, six new species and multilocus DNA sequence based phylogeny SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Hamigera avellanea; Hamigera fusca; Hamigera inflata; Hamigera insecticola; Hamigera pallida; Hamigera Paravellanea; Hamigera terricola; Merimbla ingelheimensis; Penicillium humicolodes; phylogeny; systematics ID SP-NOV; ASPERGILLUS; PENICILLIUM; SOIL; INFERENCE; MRBAYES; GENERA; STATE AB Genus Hamigera was erected for Talaromyces species that make asci singly instead of in chains. Initially it contained two species, H. avellanea and H. striato. We describe six new species in the genus, H. fusca, H. inflata, insecticola, H. paravellanea and H. terricola. Merimbla ingetheimensis is a distinct anamorphic species in the Hamigera clade. None of our DNA sequence data (BT2, calmodulin,ITS, lsu rDNA, RPB2, Tsr1 and Mcm7) supported the placement of H. striala in the same clade as H. avellanea, thus we accepted Talaromyces stratus. In addition to Hamigera species we examined the phylogenetic disposition of Warcupiella spinulosa, Penicillium megasporum, Penicillium arenicola and Merimbla humicoloides. Despite nominal similarity of some of these species to Merimbla, none of these species are part of the Hamigera clade and M. humicoloides is placed in Penicillium to have a monophyletic genus Hamigera. C1 [Peterson, Stephen W.] ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Jurjevic, Zeljko] EMSL Analyt Inc, Westmont, NJ 08108 USA. [Bills, Gerald F.] Fdn MEDINA, Ctr Excelencia Invest Medicamentos, Granada 18100, Spain. [Miguel Stchigel, Alberto; Guarro, Josep] Univ Rovira & Virgili, Unitat Microbiol, Fac Med & Ciencies Salut, E-43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain. [Vega, Fernando E.] ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Peterson, SW (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM stephen.peterson@ars.usda.gov RI Stchigel, Alberto/G-1261-2016; OI Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640; Guarro, Josep/0000-0002-7839-7568 NR 35 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 102 IS 4 BP 847 EP 864 DI 10.3852/09-268 PG 18 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 621KP UT WOS:000279577000010 PM 20648752 ER PT J AU Stone, CL Buitrago, MLP Boore, JL Frederick, RD AF Stone, Christine L. Posada Buitrago, Martha Lucia Boore, Jeffrey L. Frederick, Reid D. TI Analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome sequences of the soybean rust pathogens Phakopsora pachyrhizi and P-meibomiae SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Basidiomycota; codon usage; comparative genomics; gene order; genome organization; intron; LAGLIDADG motif; mitochondrial DNA ID TRANSFER-RNA GENES; ORGANIZATION; PROGRAM; FUNGUS; PHYLOGENIES; GENERATION; EVOLUTION; ALIGNMENT; SEARCH; DNA AB The mitochondrial (mt) genomes of two soybean rust pathogens, Phakopsota pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae, have been sequenced. The mt genome of P. pachyrhizi is a circular 31 825-bp molecule with a mean GC content of 34.6%, while P. meibomiae possesses a 32520-bp circular molecule with a mean GC content of 34.9%. Both mt genomes contain the genes encoding ATP synthase subunits 6, 8 and 9 (atp6, atp8 and atp9), cytochrome oxidase subunits I, II and III (cox1, cox2 and cox3), apocytochrome b (cob), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ubiquinone oxidoreductiase subunits (nad1, nad2, nad3, nad4, nad4L, nad5 and nad6), the large and small mt ribosomal RNA genes, one ORF coding for a ribosomal protein (rps3), and a set of 24 tRNA genes that, recognize codons for all amino acids. The order of the protein-coding genes and tRNA is identical in the two Phakopsora species, and all genes are transcribed from the same DNA strand clockwise. Introns were identified in the cox1, cob and yid genes of both species, with three of the introns having ORFs with motifs similar to the LAGLIDADG endonucleases of other fungi. Phylogenetic analysis of the 14 shared protein-coding genes agrees with commonly accepted fungal taxonomy. C1 [Stone, Christine L.; Frederick, Reid D.] USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Posada Buitrago, Martha Lucia; Boore, Jeffrey L.] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Posada Buitrago, Martha Lucia; Boore, Jeffrey L.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Frederick, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM Reid.Frederick@ars.usda.gov RI POSADA, MARTHA/G-7927-2012 FU US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research; University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank Paul Tooley and Doug Luster for their critical review of this manuscript. The use of trade, firm or corporation names in this publication is for the information and benefit of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the USDA Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. This work was performed partly under the auspices of the US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program, and by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 102 IS 4 BP 887 EP 897 DI 10.3852/00-198 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 621KP UT WOS:000279577000013 PM 20648755 ER PT J AU Banik, MT Lindner, DL Ota, Y Hattori, T AF Banik, Mark T. Lindner, Daniel L. Ota, Yuko Hattori, Tsutomu TI Relationships among North American and Japanese Laetiporus isolates inferred from molecular phylogenetics and single-spore incompatibility reactions SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE evolution; Fungi; Polyporaceae; Polyporales; root rot; sulfur shelf ID SULPHUREUS AB Relationships were investigated among North American and Japanese isolates of Laetiporus using phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences and single-spore isolate incompatibility. Single-spore isolate pairings revealed no significant compatibility between North American and Japanese isolates. ITS analysis revealed 12 clades within the core Laetiporus clade, seven of which are known to occur in North America (including Hawaii and the Caribbean), three in japan, two in South America, three in Europe and one in South Africa. The identity of L. sulphureus s.s. has yet to be determined and could be either L. "sulphureus" (clade C), which appears to be restricted to Europe and occurs on angiosperms and gymnospersm, or L. "sulphureus" (clade E), which is found in Europe, North America and South America exclusively on angiosperms. Three clades, one from the Caribbean, one from Hawaii and one from South Africa, have yet to he named formally. Of the three Laetiporus species found in Japan two have been named recently (L. cremeiporus and L. montanus) and one has been epitypified (L. versisporus). The single-spore incompatibility and ITS data support recognition of the three Japanese taxa as distinct biological and evolutionary species. C1 [Banik, Mark T.; Lindner, Daniel L.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Ota, Yuko] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan. [Hattori, Tsutomu] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Kansai Res Ctr, Kyoto 6120855, Japan. RP Banik, MT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM mbanik@fs.fed.us NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 102 IS 4 BP 911 EP 917 DI 10.3852/09-044 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 621KP UT WOS:000279577000015 PM 20648757 ER PT J AU Samuels, GJ Ismaiel, A Bon, MC De Respinis, S Petrini, O AF Samuels, Gary J. Ismaiel, Adnan Bon, Marie-Claude De Respinis, Sophie Petrini, Orlando TI Trichoderma asperellum sensu lato consists of two cryptic species SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE biogeography; biological control; Hypocreales; MALDI-TOF MS; proteome; SPD markers; systematics ID BLACK POD DISEASE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; FUTURE-PROSPECTS; THEOBROMA-CACAO; VIRIDE; DIVERSITY; FUNGI; DNA AB Analysis of a worldwide collection of strains of Trichoderma asperellum sensu lato using multilocus genealogies of four genomic regions (tef1, rpb2, act, ITS1, 2 and 5.8s rRNA), sequence polymorphism-derived (SPD) markers, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) of the proteome and classical mycological techniques revealed two morphologically cryptic sister species within T. asperellum, T. asperellum, T. asperelloides sp. nov. and a third closely related but morphologically distinct species. T. yunnanense. Trichoderma asperellum and T asperelloides have wide sympatric distribution on multiple continents; T. yunnanense is represented by a single strain from China. Several strains reported in the literature or represented in GenBank as T. asperellum are re-identified as T. asperelloides. Four molecular SPD typing patterns (I TV) were found over a large geographic range. Patterns I-III were produced only by T asperellum and pattern IV by T. asperelloides and T. yunnanense. Pattern I was found in North America, South America, Africa and Europe and Asia (Saudi Arabia). Pattern III was found in Africa, North America, South America and Asia, not in Europe. Pattern II was found only in Cameroon (central Africa) and Peru. Pattern IV was found in all continents. All SPD II pattern strains formed a strongly supported subclade within the T. asperellum chide in the phylogenetic tree based on rpb2 and MLS (combined multilocus sequence). The diversity of DNA sequences, SPD markers and polypeptides in T. asperellum suggests that further speciation is under way within T. asperellu.m. MALDI-TOF MS distinguished T. yunnanense from related taxa by UPGMA clustering, but separation between T. asperellum and T. asperelloides was less clear. C1 [Samuels, Gary J.; Ismaiel, Adnan] ARS, USDA, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [De Respinis, Sophie; Petrini, Orlando] Cantonal Inst Microbiol, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. [Bon, Marie-Claude] EBCL, USDA ARS, F-34988 St Gely Du Fesc, France. RP Samuels, GJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Room 304,B-011A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gary.samuels@ars.usda.gov OI Petrini, Orlando/0000-0002-1234-7832 NR 67 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 13 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 EI 1557-2536 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 102 IS 4 BP 944 EP 966 DI 10.3852/09-243 PG 23 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 621KP UT WOS:000279577000018 PM 20648760 ER PT J AU Healy, RA Richard, JL Niyo, KA Klich, MA AF Healy, R. A. Richard, J. L. Niyo, K. A. Klich, M. A. TI Lois Hattery Tiffany, 1924-2009 SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Klich, M. A.] ARS, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Healy, R. A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Niyo, K. A.] Niyo Sci Commun, Golden, CO 80403 USA. RP Klich, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SRRC, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM maren.klich@gmail.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 102 IS 4 BP 985 EP 988 DI 10.3852/10-015 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 621KP UT WOS:000279577000021 ER PT J AU Sosa-Gomez, DR Lastra, CCL Humber, RA AF Sosa-Gomez, Daniel R. Lopez Lastra, Claudia C. Humber, Richard A. TI An Overview of Arthropod-Associated Fungi from Argentina and Brazil SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Entomogenous fungi; Entomopathogenic fungi; Entomopathogens; Insects; Mites; Spiders ID GRANDE-DO-SUL; VERTICILLIUM SECT. PROSTRATA; CHAGAS-DISEASE VECTOR; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; 1ST RECORD; CONIDIOBOLUS-CORONATUS; DELPHACODES-KUSCHELI; NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL AB Arthropod pests in forest and agricultural systems are affected by many pathogenic organisms. Among them, entomopathogenic fungi are the one most common control agents that regulate their populations. This review compiles the information available from Argentina and Brazil about the entomopathogenic fungi occurring in agricultural and natural environments. The scientific names of the fungi are listed according to the latest phylogenetically based classification of fungi. We present an updated list of arthropod-pathogenic fungi occurring in 15 of the 23 provinces of Argentina and 20 of the 27 states of Brazil based on published literature and our personal observations. The list includes a total of 114 fungal species from 53 genera: of Blastocladiomycetes (2 genera), Entomophthorales (8 genera), Harpellales (13 genera), and a diverse assortment of ascomycetes (primarily from Hypocreales) in 22 anamorphic and 5 teleomorphic genera. In the both countries, molecular studies on arthropod-pathogenic fungi are still in their early stages and have focused primarily on intraspecific variability and adequate generic assignment. This listing seeks to encourage more active collection and characterization of these fungi by both traditional and molecular approaches from the obviously rich but underexplored flora of fungi affecting arthropods throughout this large region of South America. C1 [Sosa-Gomez, Daniel R.] Embrapa Soybean Res Ctr, BR-86001970 Londrina, Parana, Brazil. [Lopez Lastra, Claudia C.] CEPAVE Ctr Estudios Parasitol & Vectore CONICET U, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Humber, Richard A.] ARS, USDA, Biol Integrated Pest Management Res Unit, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Sosa-Gomez, DR (reprint author), Embrapa Soybean Res Ctr, Cx P 231, BR-86001970 Londrina, Parana, Brazil. EM drsg@cnpso.embrapa.br RI Sosa-Gomez, Daniel/J-3421-2012 OI Sosa-Gomez, Daniel/0000-0003-2633-1644 FU Embrapa Soybean [28/2008]; CNPq [475775/2004-0] FX We are very grateful to Embrapa Soybean and CNPq Edital Universal 2004 project, which was supported by the grant # 475775/2004-0 to DRSG. This paper was approved for publication by the Editorial Board of Embrapa Soybean as MS# 28/2008. NR 128 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X EI 1573-0832 J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD JUL PY 2010 VL 170 IS 1 BP 61 EP 76 DI 10.1007/s11046-010-9288-3 PG 16 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 606FN UT WOS:000278407900008 PM 20174997 ER PT J AU Rossman, AY Schoch, CL Farr, DF Nishijima, K Keith, L Goenaga, R AF Rossman, Amy Y. Schoch, Conrad L. Farr, David F. Nishijima, Kate Keith, Lisa Goenaga, Ricardo TI Dolabra nepheliae on rambutan and lychee represents a novel lineage of phytopathogenic Eurotiomycetes SO MYCOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Canker; Litchi; Nephelium; Phaeomoniella chlamydospora; Sapindaceae; Systematics ID RIBOSOMAL DNA; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES; PHAEOACREMONIUM; CLASSIFICATION; EVOLUTION; ALIGNMENT; PROGRESS; TRAITS; TREES; LIFE AB Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) and lychee (Litchi chinensis) are tropical trees in the Sapindaceae that produce delicious edible fruits and are increasingly cultivated in tropical regions. These trees are afflicted with a stem canker disease associated with the ascomycete Dolabra nepheliae. Previously known from Asia and Australia, this fungus was recently reported from Hawaii and Puerto Rico. The sexual and asexual states of Dolabra nepheliae are redescribed and illustrated. In addition, the ITS and large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal DNA plus fragments from the genes RPB2, TEF1, and the mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit were sequenced for three isolates of D. nepheliae and compared with other sequences of ascomycetes. It was determined that D. nepheliae represents a new lineage within the Eurotiomycetes allied with Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, the causal agent of Petri grapevine decline. C1 [Rossman, Amy Y.; Farr, David F.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Schoch, Conrad L.] NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Nishijima, Kate] USDA ARS, Trop Crop & Commod Protect Res Unit, PBARC, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Keith, Lisa] USDA ARS, Trop Plant Genet Resources & Dis Res Unit, PBARC, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Goenaga, Ricardo] USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Rossman, AY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM amy.rossman@ars.usda.gov RI Schoch, Conrad/J-4825-2012 FU NIH, National Library of Medicine FX The authors appreciate the generous advice given by Richard P. Korf, Donald H. Pfister, and Gary J. Samuels in identifying this fungus. We thank Lisa Castlebury for her presubmission review and Steve Rehner and Valerie Hofstetter for providing primers. The able technical assistance of Audrey McVay at Oregon State University is gratefully acknowledged. The skilled support of Tunisha Phipps and Sasha Allen at the Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory was critical in taking care of the fungal cultures involved in this research. This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Library of Medicine. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1340-3540 J9 MYCOSCIENCE JI Mycoscience PD JUL PY 2010 VL 51 IS 4 BP 300 EP 309 DI 10.1007/s10267-010-0042-y PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 620DA UT WOS:000279478000006 PM 20802819 ER PT J AU DeMeo, TE Triepke, FJ Al Smadi, EM Ananbeh, Y Duran, F AF DeMeo, Thomas E. Triepke, F. Jack Al Smadi, E. M. Ananbeh, Yaseen Duran, Frank TI Forest Inventory and Monitoring of Ajloun Reserve, Jordan SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE forest biomass; forest inventory; monitoring framework; Quercus coccifera ssp calliprinus; vegetation sampling AB Management of the nature reserve network in Jordan by the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature (RSCN) requires information on the productivity and diversity of each reserve. Moreover, calculation of biomass is becoming increasingly important, not only for local firewood estimates, but also in a global context of determining carbon management options. Accordingly, we developed a 200-m grid for the systematic random selection of sample sites within the recently established 12 km(2) Ajloun Reserve, in the evergreen oak zone of northern Jordan. The method applied can be used in a variety of ecosystems and is in accord with local resources of staffing and training. In order to develop a method to compare these ecosystems across broad areas, we used high resolution satellite imagery to make ocular estimates of tree volume (as a depiction of biomass) for all 167 grid points falling within the reserve. A subset of 57 grid points was randomly selected and field sampled for calibration of the ocular estimates. Diameter and species were recorded for all trees in each sample. Stem counts were made by species for all tree regeneration (stems < 2.0 cm diameter). Following the inventory, a correction coefficient was identified according to the disparity between ocular estimates and volume estimates generated from field data, and then applied to all remaining grid points. Volume averaged 2.5 m(3)/ha (12.4% sample error using a 95% confidence interval). Using this method, biomass estimates can be extrapolated across landscapes in order to compare them. The permanent sampling network we established is relatively easy to maintain over time, and also provides a monitoring framework for other studies, including wildlife and rare plants. Repeat sampling (n = 12 points) in 2008 showed results similar to those of 2007, except for a decrease in the proportion of oaks in the 2.0 to 4.9 cm class. C1 [DeMeo, Thomas E.] Nat Resources USDA Forest Serv Pacific NW Reg, Portland, OR 97204 USA. [Triepke, F. Jack] Ecosyst Assessment & Planning USDA Forest Serv SW, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. [Al Smadi, E. M.] Royal Soc Conservat Nat, Amman 11941, Jordan. [Ananbeh, Yaseen] Ajloun Forest Reserve, Ajloun, Jordan. [Duran, Frank] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP DeMeo, TE (reprint author), Nat Resources USDA Forest Serv Pacific NW Reg, 333 SW 1st Ave, Portland, OR 97204 USA. EM tdemeo@fs.fed.us NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 30 IS 3 BP 271 EP 278 DI 10.3375/043.030.0303 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 634IY UT WOS:000280575500003 ER PT J AU Greenberg, CH Walter, ST AF Greenberg, Cathryn H. Walter, Scott T. TI Fleshy Fruit Removal and Nutritional Composition of Winter-fruiting Plants: a Comparison of Non-native Invasive and Native Species SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE exotic plant; fruit; invasive plant; non-native plant; nutrition; seed dispersal ID BIRD-DISPERSED SHRUB; SEED DISPERSAL; AVIAN FRUGIVORES; EATING BIRDS; LANDSCAPE; CHOICE; APPALACHIANS; CONSUMPTION; COMMUNITY; ABUNDANCE AB Invasive, non-native plants threaten forest ecosystems by reducing native plant species richness and potentially altering ecosystem processes. Seed dispersal is critical for successful invasion and range expansion by non-native plants; dispersal is likely to be enhanced if they can successfully compete with native plants for disperser services. Fruit production by non-native plants during winter (or dormant season), when native fruits and arthropods are scarce, might enhance chances of fruit consumption and seed dispersal by vertebrates. We compared the proportion and rate of fruit removal among five invasive, non-native and two native plant species that retain fruit during winter to test whether non-native fruits are readily removed and their seeds dispersed by vertebrates even where native fruit is available. We also assessed whether the nutritional content of fruit pulp affects fruit removal rates, and collected bird droppings from fecal traps to examine species and rates of seed dispersal. Most (83% to 93%) fruit was removed from all species except native Smilax rotundifolia L. (55%). Most (92%) seeds collected from bird droppings were from non-native plants (six species); only 8% were from native plants (four species). Mean fruit survival time (across species) was positively correlated with total sugar and negatively correlated with lipid. Total fruit consumed was not correlated with nutrient content. Our results indicate most fruits of tested winter-fruiting, non-native invasive plants are removed, and their seeds are dispersed. In the southern Appalachian Mountains, only a few native plant species, notably greenbriar (Smilax spp.), American holly (Ilex opaca Aiton), and sumac (Rhus spp.) retain abundant, ripe fruit during winter months, and these species tend to be patchy in their distribution. Therefore, winter fruit availability by non-native invasive plants offers an important opportunity for dispersal and range expansion, and is likely key in their successful invasion of ecosystems. C1 [Greenberg, Cathryn H.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. [Walter, Scott T.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Greenberg, CH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. EM kgreenberg@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Bent Creek Experimental Forest FX This study was funded by the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Bent Creek Experimental Forest. Special thanks to M. Schultz and D. Sobalslcy for their many hours of counting fruit. We thank P. Andes and B. Alexander at the Biltmore Estate and G. Briggs and A. Arnold at the North Carolina Arboretum for allowing us access to study areas. B. Parresol offered statistical advice and guidance. D.J. Levey, B. Collins, Y. Wang, and two anonymous reviewers offered valuable suggestions that helped to improve an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 28 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 30 IS 3 BP 312 EP 321 DI 10.3375/043.030.0306 PG 10 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 634IY UT WOS:000280575500007 ER PT J AU Mitchell, A Farmer, B AF Mitchell, Andrew Farmer, Bradley TI Evaluation of an Ultra-Low-Flow Water Delivery System for Small Experimental Tanks SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL CATFISH; FLAVOBACTERIUM-COLUMNARE; EXPOSURE AB An ultra-low-flow water delivery system was developed and tested for use in research studies requiring low flow in small water volumes. Small test systems save on the amount of fish, chemicals, and biologics needed in disease challenge and treatment experiments. The ultra-low-flow system, consisting of a semi-enclosed header tank with a variable-height standpipe and dulled, guarded syringe needle nozzles, can produce flows that result in 1-20 water exchanges/d for a 10-L volume. Water was prefiltered through two inline, 70-lm filters to limit flow loss due to particulates blocking the small-orifice nozzles. Accurate and precise flows are produced by the system, and needle nozzles should last at least 7 d before fouling requires them to be changed; nozzle changes can be made in about 5 s. Flows in the range of 5-135 mL/min were produced by using 3.8-cm-long needles (16, 18, 20, and 21 gauge) with standpipe heights of 15.2, 30.5, and 45.7 cm. Water flows through selected needle nozzles and standpipe heights varied by no more than 5% over a 7-d period. This ultra-low-flow system provides a practical, inexpensive, and precise water delivery system that should have multiple uses for fisheries research. C1 [Mitchell, Andrew; Farmer, Bradley] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Mitchell, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM drew.mitchell@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 72 IS 3 BP 195 EP 200 DI 10.1577/A09-061.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 603LW UT WOS:000278211100001 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AJ Straus, DL Farmer, B Carter, R AF Mitchell, Andrew J. Straus, David L. Farmer, Bradley Carter, Ray TI Comparison of Percent Hatch and Fungal Infestation in Channel Catfish Eggs after Copper Sulfate, Diquat Bromide, Formalin, and Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID EFFICACY; SAPROLEGNIASIS; TOXICITY AB Reduced survival of fish eggs is often a result of infestation with fungi Saprolegnia spp. However, timely chemical treatments often limit these infestations and increase survival. The effect of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CSP; 10 mg of CSP/L of water), diquat bromide (25 mg of diquat cation/L), formalin (433 mg/L), and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2); 250 mg/L) on percent hatch and fungal infestation in eggs of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus was compared in two identical trials (five replicates for each chemical treatment per trial). The percent hatch in all chemical treatments was significantly better than percent hatch of the controls. The amount of fungal coverage on egg masses treated with CSP, formalin, and H(2)O(2) was significantly less than that observed on the controls. Although not statistically different from the other treatments, H(2)O(2) at 250 mg/L exhibited the highest average percent hatch (64%; control hatch = 34%), the lowest fungal coverage (1.5 cm; control coverage = 7.2 cm), and the lowest occurrence of fungi (50%; control occurrence = 100%) among the treatments. C1 [Mitchell, Andrew J.; Straus, David L.; Farmer, Bradley; Carter, Ray] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Mitchell, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050,2955 Highway 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM drew.mitchell@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [6225-32000-004-00D] FX The authors thank U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS) technicians Matt Barnett and Cindy Ledbetter as well as ARS summer interns Christen Proctor and Brandon Clemons for their superior and dedicated technical assistance throughout the course of the study. We are also grateful to our colleagues Steve Rawles (ARS), Brian Small (ARS), Mark Gaikowski (U.S. Geological Survey), and Steve Lochmann (University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff) for constructive comments and review of early manuscripts. This study was funded by USDA-ARS under Project Number 6225-32000-004-00D. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 72 IS 3 BP 201 EP 206 DI 10.1577/A09-066.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 603LW UT WOS:000278211100002 ER PT J AU You, FM Wanjugi, H Huo, NX Lazo, GR Luo, MC Anderson, OD Dvorak, J Gu, YQ AF You, Frank M. Wanjugi, Humphrey Huo, Naxin Lazo, Gerard R. Luo, Ming-Cheng Anderson, Olin D. Dvorak, Jan Gu, Yong Q. TI RJPrimers: unique transposable element insertion junction discovery and PCR primer design for marker development SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LTR RETROTRANSPOSONS; ELECTRONIC PCR; GENOME; WHEAT; IDENTIFICATION; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCES AB Transposable elements (TE) exist in the genomes of nearly all eukaryotes. TE mobilization through 'cut-and-paste' or 'copy-and-paste' mechanisms causes their insertions into other repetitive sequences, gene loci and other DNA. An insertion of a TE commonly creates a unique TE junction in the genome. TE junctions are also randomly distributed along chromosomes and therefore useful for genome-wide marker development. Several TE-based marker systems have been developed and applied to genetic diversity assays, and to genetic and physical mapping. A software tool 'RJPrimers' reported here allows for accurate identification of unique repeat junctions using BLASTN against annotated repeat databases and a repeat junction finding algorithm, and then for fully automated high-throughput repeat junction-based primer design using Primer3 and BatchPrimer3. The software was tested using the rice genome and genomic sequences of Aegilops tauschii. Over 90% of repeat junction primers designed by RJPrimers were unique. At least one RJM marker per 10 Kb sequence of A. tauschii was expected with an estimate of over 0.45 million such markers in a genome of 4.02 Gb, providing an almost unlimited source of molecular markers for mapping large and complex genomes. A web-based server and a command line-based pipeline for RJPrimers are both available at http://wheat.pw.usda.gov/demos/RJPrimers/. C1 [You, Frank M.; Wanjugi, Humphrey; Huo, Naxin; Lazo, Gerard R.; Anderson, Olin D.; Gu, Yong Q.] USDA ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [You, Frank M.; Wanjugi, Humphrey; Huo, Naxin; Luo, Ming-Cheng; Dvorak, Jan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Gu, YQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM yong.gu@ars.usda.gov RI Luo, Ming-Cheng/C-5600-2011; Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009 OI Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052 FU US National Science Foundation [IOS 0701916, IOS 0822100]; US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service [5325-21000-014] FX This work is supported in part by US National Science Foundation (grant numbers IOS 0701916 and IOS 0822100) and by US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service CRIS projects 5325-21000-014. Funding for open access charge: US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 38 SU 2 BP W313 EP W320 DI 10.1093/nar/gkq425 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 679GD UT WOS:000284148900050 PM 20497996 ER PT J AU Cambardella, CA Moorman, TB Singer, JW AF Cambardella, Cynthia A. Moorman, Thomas B. Singer, Jeremy W. TI Soil nitrogen response to coupling cover crops with manure injection SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Liquid swine manure; Cover crops; Soil nitrogen; Corn; Nitrate leaching ID LIQUID SWINE MANURE; OXIDE EMISSIONS; MINERALIZATION; CARBON; IOWA; DECOMPOSITION; DRAINAGE; SLURRY; WASTE; FRESH AB Coupling winter small grain cover crops (CC) with manure (M) application may increase retention of manure nitrogen (N) in corn (Zea mays L.), -soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr], cropping systems. The objective of this research was to quantify soil N changes after application of liquid swine M (Sus scrofa L.) at target N rates of 112, 224, and 336 kg N ha(-1) with and without a CC. A winter rye (Secale cereale L.)-oat (Avena sativa L.) CC was established prior to fall M injection. Surface soil (0-20 cm) inorganic N concentrations were quantified every week for up to 6 weeks after M application in 2005 and 2006. Soil profile (0-120 cm in 5, 20-cm depth increments) inorganic N, total N, total organic carbon and bulk density were quantified for each depth increment in the fall before M application and before the CC was killed the following spring. Surface soil inorganic N on the day of application averaged 318 mg N kg(soil)(-1) in 2005 and 186 mg N kg(soil)(-1) in 2006 and stabilized at 150 mg N kg(soil)(-1) in both years by mid-November. Surface soil NO(3)-N concentrations in the M band were more than 30 times higher in the fall of 2005 than in 2006. The CC reduced surface soil NO(3)-N concentrations after manure application by 32% and 67% in mid-November 2005 and 2006, respectively. Manure applied at 224 kg N ha(-1) without a CC had significantly more soil profile inorganic-N (480 kg N ha(-1)) in the spring after M application than manured soils with a CC for the 112 (298 kg N ha(-1)) and 224 (281 kg N ha(-1)) N rates, and equivalent inorganic N to the 336 (433 kg N ha(-1)) N rate. These results quantify the potential for cover crops to enhance manure N retention and reduce N leaching potential in farming systems utilizing manure. C1 [Cambardella, Cynthia A.; Moorman, Thomas B.; Singer, Jeremy W.] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cambardella, CA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cindy.cambardella@ars.usda.gov RI Singer, Jeremy/G-6260-2010 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 87 IS 3 BP 383 EP 393 DI 10.1007/s10705-010-9345-9 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 621RI UT WOS:000279599500005 ER PT J AU Meydani, M Hasan, ST AF Meydani, Mohsen Hasan, Syeda T. TI Dietary Polyphenols and Obesity SO NUTRIENTS LA English DT Review DE polyphenol; green tea; catechins; resveratrol; curcumin; obesity ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; HIGH-FAT DIET; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; GREEN TEA; 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; INHIBITS ADIPOGENESIS; BODY-FAT; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; PPAR-GAMMA; BERRY ANTHOCYANINS AB The prevalence of overweight and obesity and their associated metabolic disorders are considered a major threat to the public's health. While several diet and exercise programs are available for weight loss and prevention of weight regain, progress is often slow and disappointing. Recently, natural bioactive phytochemicals present in foods have been discovered for their potential health benefit effects on the prevention of chronic disorders such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory and metabolic diseases including obesity. Polyphenols are a class of naturally-occurring phytochemicals, of which some such as catechins, anthocynines, resveratrol and curcumin have been shown to modulate physiological and molecular pathways that are involved in energy metabolism, adiposity, and obesity. The potential in vivo, beneficial effects of these polyphenols on adiposity and obesity as complementary agents in the up-regulation of energy expenditure have emerged by investigating these compounds in cell cultures, animal models of obesity and in some human clinical and epidemiological studies. In this brief review, the efficacy of the above-named polyphenols and their potential efficacy to modulate obesity and some associated disorders are discussed. C1 [Meydani, Mohsen; Hasan, Syeda T.] Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM mohsen.meydani@tufts.edu; sthasan@gmail.com FU US Department of Agriculture [58-1950-7-707] FX This manuscript is based on the work supported by the US Department of Agriculture, under agreement No. 58-1950-7-707. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture. We would also like to thank Stephanie Marco for her assistance in the preparation of this manuscript. NR 96 TC 81 Z9 85 U1 5 U2 46 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6643 J9 NUTRIENTS JI Nutrients PD JUL PY 2010 VL 2 IS 7 BP 737 EP 751 DI 10.3390/nu2070737 PG 15 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 864JS UT WOS:000298236900005 PM 22254051 ER PT J AU Hamerlynck, EP Scott, RL Moran, MS Keefer, TO Huxman, TE AF Hamerlynck, Erik P. Scott, Russell L. Moran, M. Susan Keefer, Timothy O. Huxman, Travis E. TI Growing season ecosystem and leaf-level gas exchange of an exotic and native semiarid bunchgrass SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Desert grassland; Ecosystem respiration; Evapotranspiration; Leaf area index; Net ecosystem exchange ID INTRODUCED LEHMANN LOVEGRASS; NORTHERN TEMPERATE GRASSLAND; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; SOIL CO2 FLUX; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; NONNATIVE GRASSES; SONORAN DESERT; PRECIPITATION; PULSES AB The South African grass, Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana), may alter ecosystem processes across extensive semiarid grasslands and savannahs of western North America. We compared volumetric soil moisture (theta), total and green tissue leaf area index (LAI), ecosystem (i.e. whole-plant and soil), and leaf-level gas exchange of Lehmann lovegrass and the native bush muhly (Muhlenbergia porteri) over the 2008 monsoon season in a semiarid savanna in southern Arizona, USA, to see if these were consistent with high productivity associated with lovegrass invasive success. theta across 0-5 and 0-25 cm was higher while evapotranspiration (ET) was similar between lovegrass and bush muhly plots, except shortly after rainfall, when ET was 32-81% higher in lovegrass plots. Lehmann lovegrass had lower, quickly developing LAI with greater leaf proportions than bush muhly. When early season theta was high, net ecosystem CO(2) exchange (NEE) was similar, but as storm frequency and theta declined, NEE was more negative in lovegrass (-0.69 to -3.00 A mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) than bush muhly (+1.75 to -1.55 A mu mol m(-2) s(-1)). Ecosystem respiration (R (eco)) responded quickly to monsoon onset and late-season rains, and was lower in lovegrass (2.44-3.74 A mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) than bush muhly (3.60-5.3 A mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) across the season. Gross ecosystem photosynthesis (GEP) was greater in Lehmann lovegrass, concurrent with higher leaf-level photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. We conclude that canopy structure facilitates higher theta under Lehmann lovegrass, reducing phenological constraints and stomatal limitations to whole-plant carbon uptake through the short summer monsoon growing season. C1 [Hamerlynck, Erik P.; Scott, Russell L.; Moran, M. Susan; Keefer, Timothy O.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Huxman, Travis E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Hamerlynck, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM erik.hamerlynck@ars.usda.gov FU Philecology Foundation FX We thank Ashley Wiede, J.J. Dale, Evan Sommer, Maggie Heard and Donna King for their help in the Weld, and support from the Philecology Foundation to T. Huxman. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUL PY 2010 VL 163 IS 3 BP 561 EP 570 DI 10.1007/s00442-009-1560-1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 611RI UT WOS:000278838000002 PM 20063168 ER PT J AU Searle, KR Hobbs, NT Jaronski, ST AF Searle, Kate R. Hobbs, N. T. Jaronski, Stefan T. TI Asynchrony, fragmentation, and scale determine benefits of landscape heterogeneity to mobile herbivores SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Consumer-resource dynamics; Habitat fragmentation; Phenology; Resource heterogeneity; Resource tracking ID PLANT PHENOLOGY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; SERENGETI WILDEBEEST; UNGULATE POPULATION; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; VEGETATION GROWTH; FORAGE QUALITY; GRAZING LAWNS; RESOURCES AB Understanding the ways that resource heterogeneity shapes the performance of individuals and the dynamics of populations offers a central challenge in contemporary ecology. Emerging evidence shows that herbivores track heterogeneity in nutritional quality of vegetation by responding to phenological differences in plants, differences that result from spatial and temporal variation in conditions favoring plant growth. Theory predicts that when spatial variation in temperature, nutrients, or moisture results in spatially asynchronous pulses of plant growth, herbivores are able to prolong the period during which they have access to forage of peak nutritional value. Although this idea has substantial support from observational and modeling studies, it has not been examined experimentally. We hypothesized that access to asynchronous resources enhances nutritional status and growth of herbivores and that the magnitude of this effect depends on the scale of access relative to the grain of resources. We tested these hypotheses in mesocosm experiment using the migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes, feeding on young wheat and protein-rich bran as a model system. We demonstrated access to asynchronous pulses in resources enhanced the efficiency of use of high quality resource use and increased growth of individuals by 13%. Disruption of this mechanism when landscapes were fragmented lowered efficiency of resource use and caused growth of individuals to decline by 15%. However, the strength of the effects of fragmentation on herbivore performance depended on the spatial extent of fragmentation relative to the spatial and temporal grain of resource emergence. Our findings add experimental support to modeling and observational studies that have linked herbivore performance to spatial and temporal variation in plant phenology. We also offer evidence that fragmentation can impair herbivore performance, even when the total amount and quality of resources on landscapes remains unchanged. C1 [Searle, Kate R.; Hobbs, N. T.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Jaronski, Stefan T.] USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Searle, KR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM krsearle@nrel.colostate.edu RI Searle, Kate/F-4922-2011; Hobbs, Tom/C-5263-2016 FU United States National Science Foundation [DEB0444711]; National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by award DEB0444711 (Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Consumer-Resource Dynamics in Environments Varying in Space and Time) from the United States National Science Foundation to Colorado State University. We thank S. Berg, S. C. Merrill, J. Matsuura, L. Mouttet, H. Blackburn, M. Haddix, and A. Norton for their valuable assistance with experimental work. The work reported here was supported in part by the National Science Foundation while Hobbs was serving as a rotating Program Director in the Division of Environmental Biology. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 51 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUL PY 2010 VL 163 IS 3 BP 815 EP 824 DI 10.1007/s00442-010-1610-8 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 611RI UT WOS:000278838000025 PM 20349246 ER PT J AU Vanwanseele, B Eckstein, F Smith, RM Lange, AK Foroughi, N Baker, MK Shnier, R Singh, MAF AF Vanwanseele, B. Eckstein, F. Smith, R. M. Lange, A. K. Foroughi, N. Baker, M. K. Shnier, R. Singh, M. A. Fiatarone TI The relationship between knee adduction moment and cartilage and meniscus morphology in women with osteoarthritis SO OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE LA English DT Article DE Meniscus; Cartilage; Adduction moment; Gait; Osteoarthritis ID ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; PARTIAL MENISCECTOMY; DISEASE SEVERITY; LEVEL WALKING; GAIT; PROGRESSION; VOLUME; TEARS; MALALIGNMENT; ASSOCIATION AB Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study is to investigate the relationship between knee adduction moment and knee adduction angular impulse and meniscus, cartilage and bone morphology in women with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Method: Forty-five women aged >40 years with OA in at least one knee, according to American College of Rheumatology clinical criteria were studied. The knee joint loading was assessed by three-dimensional motion analysis system during gait. Three Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a coronal T2-weighted spin echo sequence was used for evaluating meniscus pathology, and a coronal T1-weighted gradient echo sequence for quantifying cartilage morphology and bone surface size. Cartilage thickness, denuded area and subchondral area in the femorotibial joint was measured using custom software. Results: A higher peak knee adduction moment was observed in participants with medial compared to those with lateral tears (2.92 +/- 1.06 vs 0.46 +/- 1.7, P < 0.001). Participants with a higher knee adduction moment displayed a larger medial meniscus extrusion (r = 0.532, P < 0.001) and a lower medial meniscus height (r = -0.395, P = 0.010). The inverse relationship was observed for the lateral meniscus. A higher knee adduction moment was also associated with a higher ratio of the medial to lateral tibial subchondral bone area (r = 0.270, P = 0.035). By contrast, cartilage thickness and denuded areas in the femur and tibia were not related to the knee adduction moment. Similar results were found for the relationship between knee adduction angular impulse and meniscus, cartilage and bone morphology. Conclusions: Dynamic knee joint loading is significantly related to meniscus pathology and bone size, but not to cartilage thickness in women with OA. (C) 2010 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Vanwanseele, B.; Smith, R. M.; Lange, A. K.; Foroughi, N.; Baker, M. K.; Singh, M. A. Fiatarone] Univ Sydney, Exercise Hlth & Performance Fac Res Grp, Fac Hlth Sci, Sydney, NSW 2141, Australia. [Eckstein, F.] PMU, Inst Anat & Musculoskeletal Res, Salzburg, Austria. [Eckstein, F.] Chondrometrics GmbH, Ainring, Germany. [Shnier, R.] Symb Clin Res Imaging Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Singh, M. A. Fiatarone] Univ Sydney, Sydney Med Sch, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Singh, M. A. Fiatarone] Tufts Univ, Hebrew SeniorLife & Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Vanwanseele, B (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Exercise Hlth & Performance Fac Res Grp, Fac Hlth Sci, East St, Sydney, NSW 2141, Australia. EM benedicte.vanwanseele@sydney.edu.au RI Baker, Michael/E-9514-2010; Eckstein, Felix/E-1585-2011; OI Baker, Michael/0000-0002-0551-4209 FU University of Sydney; [S4201 U3301] FX We would like to thank the wonderful participants who have devoted their time to our project. The authors would like to acknowledge the University of Sydney: Cumberland Grant Category B to Vanwanseele, B, January 2005 and R & D Grant (S4201 U3301) to Vanwanseele, B, January 2006; Keiser Sports Health, Inc (Fresno, CA, USA) for the donation of the K400 Electronics for the strength training equipment; the STRONG Clinic at Balmain Hospital for their assistance with training personnel; the Symbion Clinical Research Institute for their help with processing the MRIs. NR 42 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 6 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 1063-4584 J9 OSTEOARTHR CARTILAGE JI Osteoarthritis Cartilage PD JUL PY 2010 VL 18 IS 7 BP 894 EP 901 DI 10.1016/j.joca.2010.04.006 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Rheumatology SC Orthopedics; Rheumatology GA 630OU UT WOS:000280283700005 PM 20417296 ER PT J AU Bischoff-Ferrari, HA Shao, A Dawson-Hughes, B Hathcock, J Giovannucci, E Willett, WC AF Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A. Shao, A. Dawson-Hughes, B. Hathcock, J. Giovannucci, E. Willett, W. C. TI Benefit-risk assessment of vitamin D supplementation SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE Falls; Fractures; Hypercalcemia; Recommendations; Risk; Vitamin D ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; NURSING-HOME RESIDENTS; HIGH-DOSE VITAMIN-D-3; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; PARATHYROID-HORMONE LEVELS; TRUE CALCIUM-ABSORPTION; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; D INTOXICATION AB Current intake recommendations of 200 to 600 IU vitamin D per day may be insufficient for important disease outcomes reduced by vitamin D. This study assessed the benefit of higher-dose and higher achieved 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels [25(OH)D] versus any associated risk. Based on double-blind randomized control trials (RCTs), eight for falls (n = 2426) and 12 for non-vertebral fractures (n = 42,279), there was a significant dose-response relationship between higher-dose and higher achieved 25(OH)D and greater fall and fracture prevention. Optimal benefits were observed at the highest dose tested to date for 700 to 1000 IU vitamin D per day or mean 25(OH)D between 75 and 110 nmol/l (30-44 ng/ml). Prospective cohort data on cardiovascular health and colorectal cancer prevention suggested increased benefits with the highest categories of 25(OH)D evaluated (median between 75 and 110 nmol/l). In 25 RCTs, mean serum calcium levels were not related to oral vitamin D up to 100,000 IU per day or achieved 25(OH)D up to 643 nmol/l. Mean levels of 75 to 110 nmol/l were reached in most RCTs with 1,800 to 4,000 IU vitamin D per day without risk. Our analysis suggests that mean serum 25(OH)D levels of about 75 to 110 nmol/l provide optimal benefits for all investigated endpoints without increasing health risks. These levels can be best obtained with oral doses in the range of 1,800 to 4,000 IU vitamin D per day; further work is needed, including subject and environment factors, to better define the doses that will achieve optimal blood levels in the large majority of the population. C1 [Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.] Univ Zurich Hosp, Ctr Aging & Mobil, Dept Rheumatol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.] Univ Zurich Hosp, Inst Med Phys, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Shao, A.; Hathcock, J.] Council Responsible Nutr, Washington, DC USA. [Dawson-Hughes, B.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Giovannucci, E.; Willett, W. C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Bischoff-Ferrari, HA (reprint author), Univ Zurich Hosp, Ctr Aging & Mobil, Dept Rheumatol, Gloriastr 25, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. EM Heike.Bischoff@usz.ch FU Swiss National Foundation [PP00B-114864]; DSM FX Heike Bischoff-Ferrari is supported by a Swiss National Foundation Professorship Grant (PP00B-114864). This project was supported by an investigator-initiated and unrestricted grant provided by DSM and by a Centre Grant of the University of Zurich and the Town of Zurich (Centre on Aging and Mobility). NR 130 TC 138 Z9 144 U1 10 U2 26 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X EI 1433-2965 J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1121 EP 1132 DI 10.1007/s00198-009-1119-3 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 628QZ UT WOS:000280137000002 PM 19957164 ER PT J AU Dawson-Hughes, B Mithal, A Bonjour, JP Boonen, S Burckhardt, P El-Hajj Fuleihan, G Josse, RG Lips, P Morales-Torres, J Yoshimura, N AF Dawson-Hughes, B. Mithal, A. Bonjour, J. -P. Boonen, S. Burckhardt, P. El-Hajj Fuleihan, Ghada Josse, R. G. Lips, P. Morales-Torres, J. Yoshimura, N. TI IOF position statement: vitamin D recommendations for older adults SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Musculoskeletal health; Requirement; Vitamin D ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS; D SUPPLEMENTATION; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D; METAANALYSIS; PREVENTION; FRACTURE; CALCIUM; D-2 AB This position paper of the International Osteoporosis Foundation makes recommendations for vitamin D nutrition in elderly men and women from an evidence-based perspective. C1 [Dawson-Hughes, B.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Mithal, A.] Indraprastha Apollo Hosp, New Delhi 110044, India. [Bonjour, J. -P.] Univ Hosp Geneva, Div Bone Dis, Univ Hosp & Fac Med, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Boonen, S.] Univ Louvain, Ctr Metab Bone Dis, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Boonen, S.] Univ Louvain, Div Geriatr Med, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Burckhardt, P.] Assoc Suisse Osteoporose, Clin Bois Cerf, CH-1006 Lausanne, Switzerland. [El-Hajj Fuleihan, Ghada] Amer Univ Beirut, Med Ctr, Calcium Metab & Osteoporosis Program, Beirut 2020, Lebanon. [Josse, R. G.] Univ Toronto, St Michaels Hosp, Ctr Hlth, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada. [Lips, P.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Med Ctr, Div Internal Med, Endocrine Sect, NL-1007 MB Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Morales-Torres, J.] Hosp Aranda Parra, Leon 37000, GTO, Mexico. [Yoshimura, N.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Joint Dis Res, 22nd Century Med & Res Ctr, Tokyo 1138655, Japan. RP Dawson-Hughes, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM bess.dawson-hughes@tufts.edu FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707] FX This material is based in part upon work supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, under agreement no. 58-1950-7-707. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the US Department of Health and Human Services. NR 18 TC 247 Z9 282 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X EI 1433-2965 J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1151 EP 1154 DI 10.1007/s00198-010-1285-3 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 628QZ UT WOS:000280137000004 PM 20422154 ER PT J AU Dawson-Hughes, B Castaneda-Sceppa, C Harris, SS Palermo, NJ Cloutier, G Ceglia, L Dallal, GE AF Dawson-Hughes, B. Castaneda-Sceppa, C. Harris, S. S. Palermo, N. J. Cloutier, G. Ceglia, L. Dallal, G. E. TI Impact of supplementation with bicarbonate on lower-extremity muscle performance in older men and women SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Muscle endurance; Muscle power; Nitrogen excretion; Potassium bicarbonate ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CHRONIC METABOLIC-ACIDOSIS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ELDERLY-WOMEN; VITAMIN-D; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; POWER; HUMANS AB This study describes the impact of bicarbonate treatment for 3 months on net acid excretion (NAE), nitrogen excretion, and muscle performance in older men and women. Bicarbonate reduced NAE, and the decrement was associated with a decrease in nitrogen excretion. Treatment also improved muscle power and endurance in the women. Bicarbonate enhances muscle performance during strenuous exercise, but its effect on performance during normal activity in older subjects is unknown. In this trial, healthy subjects age 50 and older were randomized to 67.5 mmol of bicarbonate or to no bicarbonate daily for 3 months. Changes in lower-extremity muscle power, endurance, urinary nitrogen, and NAE were compared across treatment groups in the 162 participants included in the analyses. In the men and the women, bicarbonate was well tolerated, and as expected, it significantly decreased NAE. The change in NAE correlated with change in nitrogen excretion in women (r = 0.32, P = 0.002) with a similar trend in men (r = 0.23, P = 0.052). In the women, bicarbonate increased double leg press power at 70% one repetition maximum by 13% (P = 0.003) compared with no bicarbonate and improved other performance measures. Treatment with bicarbonate had no significant effect on muscle performance in the men. Ingestion of bicarbonate decreased nitrogen excretion and improved muscle performance in healthy postmenopausal women. The bicarbonate-induced decline in NAE was associated with reduced nitrogen excretion in both men and women. These findings suggest that bicarbonate merits further evaluation as a safe, low-cost intervention that may attenuate age-related loss of muscle performance and mass in the elderly. C1 [Dawson-Hughes, B.; Harris, S. S.; Palermo, N. J.; Cloutier, G.; Ceglia, L.; Dallal, G. E.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer United States Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Castaneda-Sceppa, C.] Northeastern Univ, Bouve Coll Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Dawson-Hughes, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer United States Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Bess.Dawson-Hughes@Tufts.edu FU NIAMS [1 RO1AR052322-01A1]; US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707] FX This project was supported by Grant Number 1 RO1AR052322-01A1 from NIAMS and also received support from the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, under agreement No. 58-1950-7-707. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X EI 1433-2965 J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1171 EP 1179 DI 10.1007/s00198-009-1049-0 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 628QZ UT WOS:000280137000007 PM 19727904 ER PT J AU Atwood, TB Wiegner, TN Turner, JP MacKenzie, RA AF Atwood, Trisha B. Wiegner, Tracy N. Turner, Jason P. MacKenzie, Richard A. TI Potential Effects of an Invasive Nitrogen-Fixing Tree on a Hawaiian Stream Food Web SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-ISOTOPE RATIOS; OREGON COAST RANGE; RED ALDER; STABLE-ISOTOPES; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; HEADWATER STREAMS; RIPARIAN FORESTS; INVERTEBRATES; EXPORT AB Falcataria moluccana (albizia) is an exotic nitrogen (N)-fixing tree currently invading riparian forests in Hawai'i, U.S.A. This study examined how this invasion is impacting stream ecosystems by using naturally occurring stable isotopes of carbon (C) and N to compare food web structure between a non-invaded and an albizia-invaded stream reach on the island of Hawai'i. Isotopic signatures of particulate organic matter (POM), macroalgae, invertebrates, and fishes were collected and compared between the two stream reaches. Stable C isotopic signatures of organic matter sources (POM and macroalgae) and consumers (amphipods, caddisflies, crayfish, and fishes) from the invaded site were depleted in (13)C compared with the noninvaded site in contrast, all samples from the invaded site were enriched in (15)N compared with the noninvaded site. Results from IsoSource and two-source mixing models suggested that albizia was a major contributor to diets of lower-level consumers within the invaded site, displacing POM and macroalgae as their major food sources. Albizia was also an indirect C and N source for higher-level consumers within the invaded site because albizia was the major dietary constituent of their prey. In addition, (15)N enrichment of the macroalgae at the invaded site suggests that albizia may be an important N source to benthic primary producers and could be further altering the food web from bottom up. Our study provides some of the first evidence that invasive riparian N-fixing trees can potentially alter the structure of stream food webs. C1 [Atwood, Trisha B.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Wiegner, Tracy N.; Turner, Jason P.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Marine Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [MacKenzie, Richard A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Atwood, TB (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, 3041-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. FU University of Hawai'1 at Hilo Research Council FX Funding was provided by a Seed Grant awarded to J P.T by the University of Hawai'1 at Hilo Research Council Manuscript accepted 18 August 2009 NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 24 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 64 IS 3 BP 367 EP 379 DI 10.2984/64.3.367 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 620DZ UT WOS:000279480500002 ER PT J AU Yee, WL Thistlewood, HMA Klaus, MW AF Yee, Wee L. Thistlewood, Howard M. A. Klaus, Michael W. TI Infestation of apricot by Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Washington state and British Columbia SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHERRY FRUIT-FLY; APPLE MAGGOT DIPTERA; HOST-PLANT USE C1 [Yee, Wee L.] USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Thistlewood, Howard M. A.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agri Food Res Ctr, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada. [Klaus, Michael W.] Washington State Dept Agr, Yakima, WA USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. OI Thistlewood, Howard/0000-0003-4703-0402 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA C/O CALIFORNIA ACADEMY SCIENCES, 875 HOWARD STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-3009 USA SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 86 IS 3 BP 100 EP 103 DI 10.3956/2010-16.1 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 714EI UT WOS:000286789900005 ER PT J AU Ahonsi, MO Banko, TJ Doane, SR Demuren, AO Copes, WE Hong, CX AF Ahonsi, Monday O. Banko, Thomas J. Doane, Stargel R. Demuren, Ayodeji O. Copes, Warren E. Hong, Chuanxue TI Effects of hydrostatic pressure, agitation and CO2 stress on Phytophthora nicotianae zoospore survival SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE water decontamination; Phytophthora nicotianae; disinfestation; encysted zoospore; inactivation; motile zoospore; water treatment ID IRRIGATION WATER; PLANT-PATHOGENS; PYTHIUM-APHANIDERMATUM; CARBON-DIOXIDE; IN-VITRO; EFFICACY; SYSTEM; INACTIVATION; SURFACTANTS; CALCIUM AB BACKGROUND: Phytophthora nicotianae Breda de Haan is a common pathogen of ornamental plants in recycled irrigation systems. In a previous study, annual vinca (Catharanthus roseus Don) inoculated with zoospore suspensions using a CO2-pressurized sprayer had less foliage blight than plants inoculated using a hand sprayer. Here, the impact of hydrostatic pressure, agitation and aeration with CO2 on the survival of P. nicotianae zoospores was examined. RESULTS: Exposure of zoospores to 840 kPa hydrostatic pressure for 8 min or agitation at a mixing intensity (G) of 6483 s(-1) for 4 min at 22-23 degrees C did not kill zoospores, but resulted in viable cysts. Motile and forcefully encysted zoospores of P. nicotianae were equally infectious on vinca or lupine (Lupinus polyphylus Lindl.). Bubbling CO2 into zoospore-infested water at 110.4 mL (0.2 g) min(-1) for 5 min caused 81% reduction in the number of germinated zoospores. Pressure at 630 kPa (16.3 g CO2) or 70 kPa (3.85 g CO2) facilitated CO2 injection and shortened the zoospore inactivation time to 30 s. When air was bubbled through the suspension, germination was similar to the control. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to CO2 killed P. nicotianae zoospores in water. Neither pressure nor agitation had an effect on zoospore viability or infectivity. Based on results of this study, the authors designed a recycling CO2 water treatment system that is currently under evaluation. (C) 2010 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Ahonsi, Monday O.; Banko, Thomas J.; Hong, Chuanxue] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Hampton Rd Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Virginia Beach, VA 23455 USA. [Ahonsi, Monday O.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Doane, Stargel R.; Demuren, Ayodeji O.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Norfolk, VA USA. [Copes, Warren E.] ARS, USDA, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS USA. RP Hong, CX (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Hampton Rd Agr Res & Extens Ctr, 1444 Diamond Springs Rd, Virginia Beach, VA 23455 USA. EM mahonsi@igb.uiuc.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture/Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2006-34381-16980] FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture/Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (Agreement No. 2006-34381-16980). Assistance from Patricia Richardson, Ping Kong and Jiahuai Hu is acknowledged. Special thanks to Marcia Stefani for editing the original manuscript. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 66 IS 7 BP 696 EP 704 DI 10.1002/ps.1926 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 615IX UT WOS:000279129300002 PM 20201053 ER PT J AU Knight, AL AF Knight, Alan L. TI Targeting Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) adults with low-volume applications of insecticides alone and in combination with sex pheromone SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE codling moth; mite management; microencapsulated; acetamiprid; esfenvalerate; phosmet ID CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; MATING DISRUPTION; KILL STRATEGY; TREE FRUIT; FIELD; ATTRACT; MANAGEMENT; DISPENSERS AB BACKGROUND: Studies surveyed the toxicity of several insecticides against adult codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), and examined the field effectiveness of applying low-volume (12 L ha(-1)) sprays alone or in combination with a microencapsulated (MEC) sex pheromone formulation. RESULTS: Neonicotinyls, organophosphates and synthetic pyrethroids significantly reduced fecundity at concentrations nearly 100-fold lower than their maximum labeled field rate. Field studies in 2005 demonstrated that six applications of esfenvalerate resulted in >90% reduction in fruit injury versus the untreated check. The addition of the MEC pheromone formulation did not further improve control. Five sprays of esfenvalerate, phosmet and acetamiprid all significantly reduced levels of fruit injury compared with the untreated control in 2006. Esfenvalerate and acetamiprid mixed with the MEC pheromone significantly reduced fruit injury compared with the MEC-only treatment. Significant increases in pest and decreases in predator mite densities occurred in plots treated with esfenvalerate in both years. Low-volume sprays of phosmet and acetamiprid did not disrupt mites. CONCLUSION: Low-volume insecticide sprays can effectively manage codling moth and are less disruptive of integrated mite management. Developing an effective 'attract and kill' technology with this approach will require optimization of the attractant(s) to maximize moth exposure to insecticide residues. Published 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Knight, AL (reprint author), ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, USDA, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM alan.knight@ars.usda.gov FU Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission, Wenatchee, WA FX The author would like to thank Brad Christianson, Duane Larson and Chey Temple (USDA, ARS, Wapato, WA) and Tom Larsen and Kristin Ketner (Suterra LLC, Bend, OR) for their help in conducting these tests. Also, special thanks to Pete Garza (Manzana Orchards, Moxee, WA) for allowing his orchards to be used. Helpful comments were provided by Bruce Barrett, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, Moneen Jones, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, and Esteban Basoalto, University of Talca, Talca, Chile. This project was partially funded by the Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission, Wenatchee, WA. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 66 IS 7 BP 709 EP 717 DI 10.1002/ps.1932 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 615IX UT WOS:000279129300004 PM 20217873 ER PT J AU Zobiole, LHS de Oliveira, RS Kremer, RJ Constantin, J Bonato, CM Muniz, AS AF Saes Zobiole, Luiz Henrique de Oliveira, Rubem Silverio, Jr. Kremer, Robert John Constantin, Jamil Bonato, Carlos Moacir Muniz, Antonio Saraiva TI Water use efficiency and photosynthesis of glyphosate-resistant soybean as affected by glyphosate SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glyphosate-resistant soybean; Glyphosate; Physiology; Photosynthesis; Chlorophyll; Water use efficiency; Water absorption ID GLYCINE-MAX L.; AMINOMETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; GAS-EXCHANGE; ELEVATED CO2; ZEA-MAYS; ROOT; STRESS; GROWTH AB Previous studies comparing cultivars of different maturity groups in different soils demonstrated that early maturity group cultivars were more sensitive to glyphosate injury than those of other maturity groups. In this work, we evaluated the effect of increasing rates of glyphosate on water absorption and photosynthetic parameters in early maturity group cultivar BRS 242 GR soybean. Plants were grown in a complete nutrient solution and subjected to a range of glyphosate rates either as a single or sequential leaf application. Net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, sub-stomatal CO(2), carboxylation efficiency, fluorescence, maximal fluorescence and chlorophyll content were monitored right before and at different stages after herbicide application; water absorption was measured daily. All photosynthetic parameters were affected by glyphosate. Total water absorbed and biomass production by plants were also decreased as glyphosate rates increased, with the affect being more intense with a single full rate than half the rate applied in two sequential applications. Water use efficiency (WUE) was significantly reduced with increasing rates of glyphosate. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Saes Zobiole, Luiz Henrique; de Oliveira, Rubem Silverio, Jr.; Constantin, Jamil] Univ Estadual Maringa, Ctr Adv Studies Weed Sci NAPD, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. [Kremer, Robert John] ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Bonato, Carlos Moacir] Univ Estadual Maringa, Dept Biol, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. [Muniz, Antonio Saraiva] Univ Estadual Maringa, Dept Agron, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. RP Zobiole, LHS (reprint author), Univ Estadual Maringa, Ctr Adv Studies Weed Sci NAPD, Colombo Av 5790, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. EM lhzobiole@uol.com.br RI Oliveira Jr, Rubem/H-1680-2012 OI Oliveira Jr, Rubem/0000-0002-5222-8010 FU National Council for Scientific and Technology Development (CNPq-Brasilia, DF, Brazil) FX We thank the National Council for Scientific and Technology Development (CNPq-Brasilia, DF, Brazil) for the scholarship and financial support for this research. NR 61 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 97 IS 3 BP 182 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.pestbp.2010.01.004 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 624KA UT WOS:000279816000003 ER PT J AU Rascher, U Biskup, B Leakey, ADB McGrath, JM Ainsworth, EA AF Rascher, Uwe Biskup, Bernhard Leakey, Andrew D. B. McGrath, Justin M. Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. TI Altered physiological function, not structure, drives increased radiation-use efficiency of soybean grown at elevated CO2 SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Three-dimensional canopy surface; Photosynthesis; Light reactions; Chlorophyll fluorescence; Elevated CO2; Glycine max; Structure-function relations ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GAS-EXCHANGE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CANOPY; FIELD; MODEL; INTERCEPTION AB Previous studies of elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) on crop canopies have found that radiation-use efficiency is increased more than radiation-interception efficiency. It is assumed that increased radiation-use efficiency is due to changes in leaf-level physiology; however, canopy structure can affect radiation-use efficiency if leaves are displayed in a manner that optimizes their physiological capacity, even though the canopy intercepts the same amount of light. In order to determine the contributions of physiology and canopy structure to radiation-use and radiation-interception efficiency, this study relates leaf-level physiology and leaf display to photosynthetic rate of the outer canopy. We used a new imaging approach that delivers three-dimensional maps of the outer canopy during the growing season. The 3D data were used to model leaf orientation and mean photosynthetic electron transport of the outer canopy to show that leaf orientation changes did not contribute to increased radiation-use; i.e. leaves of the outer canopy showed similar diurnal leaf movements and leaf orientation in both treatments. Elevated [CO2] resulted in an increased maximum electron transport rate (ETRmax) of light reactions of photosynthesis. Modeling of canopy light interception showed that stimulated leaf-level electron transport at elevated [CO2], and not alterations in leaf orientation, was associated with stimulated radiation-use efficiency and biomass production in elevated [CO2]. This study provides proof of concept of methodology to quantify structure-function relationships in combination, allowing a quantitative estimate of the contribution of both effects to canopy energy conversion under elevated [CO2]. C1 [Rascher, Uwe; Biskup, Bernhard] Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphere ICG 3, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Leakey, Andrew D. B.; McGrath, Justin M.; Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Leakey, Andrew D. B.; Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.] ARS, USDA, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Rascher, U (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphere ICG 3, Leo Brandt Str, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM u.rascher@fz-juelich.de; ainswort@illinois.edu RI Rascher, Uwe/D-5457-2009; Leakey, Andrew/Q-9889-2016 OI Rascher, Uwe/0000-0002-9993-4588; Leakey, Andrew/0000-0001-6251-024X FU Illinois Council for Food and Agricultural Research, Archer Daniels Midland Company; U.S. Department of Agricultural; Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station; NSF/DAAD [PPP D/05/50496]; Heinrich-Heine University of Dusseldorf, Germany FX We thank Tim Mies for technical assistance, and Steve Long for supporting our research at SoyFACE. SoyFACE was supported by the Illinois Council for Food and Agricultural Research, Archer Daniels Midland Company, the U.S. Department of Agricultural, and the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station. B. Biskup and U. Rascher were supported by a NSF/DAAD grant (grant PPP D/05/50496). B. Biskup also acknowledges support of his PhD thesis by the Heinrich-Heine University of Dusseldorf, Germany. We thank K.G. Rascher for assistance with the statistical analyses, and D. Ort for valuable discussions. We also greatly thank H. Scharr for supporting the development of the stereo system and the development of the analyses algorithms. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 105 IS 1 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1007/s11120-010-9548-6 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 612ML UT WOS:000278902700003 PM 20407832 ER PT J AU Dayan, FE Rimando, AM Pan, ZQ Baerson, SR Gimsing, AL Duke, SO AF Dayan, Franck E. Rimando, Agnes M. Pan, Zhiqiang Baerson, Scott R. Gimsing, Anne Louise Duke, Stephen O. TI Sorgoleone SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Allelopathy; Lipid quinone; Lipid resorcinol; Fatty acid desaturase; Polyketide synthase; O-Methyltransferase; P450 monooxygenase; Mode of action; Compartmentalization; Soil fate; Mineralization ID NATURAL-PRODUCT SORGOLEONE; SORGHUM SORGHUM-BICOLOR; ROOT HAIRS; ALLELOCHEMICAL SORGOLEONE; STRIGA-ASIATICA; GERMINATION STIMULANT; WEED; ALLELOPATHY; EXUDATE; PLANT AB Sorgoleone, a major component of the hydrophobic root exudate of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench], is one of the most studied allelochemicals. The exudate also contains an equivalent amount of a lipid resorcinol analog as well as a number of minor sorgoleone congeners. Synthesis of sorgoleone is constitutive and compartmentalized within root hairs, which can accumulate up to 20 mu g of exudate/mg root dry weight. The biosynthesis pathway involves unique fatty acid desaturases which produce an atypical 16:3 fatty acyl-CoA starter unit for an alkylresorcinol synthase that catalyzes the formation of a pentadecatrienylresorcinol intermediate. This intermediate is then methylated by SAM-dependent O-methyltransferases and dihydroxylated by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. An EST data set derived from a S. bicolor root hair-specific cDNA library contained all the candidate sequences potentially encoding enzymes involved in the sorgoleone biosynthetic pathway. Sorgoleone interferes with several molecular target sites, including inhibition of photosynthesis in germinating seedlings. Sorgoleone is not translocated acropetally in older plants, but can be absorbed through the hypocotyl and cotyledonary tissues. Therefore, the mode of action of sorgoleone may be the result of inhibition of photosynthesis in young seedlings in concert with inhibition of its other molecular target sites in older plants. Due to its hydrophobic nature, sorgoleone is strongly sorbed in soil which increases its persistence, but experiments show that it is mineralized by microorganisms over time. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dayan, Franck E.; Rimando, Agnes M.; Pan, Zhiqiang; Baerson, Scott R.; Duke, Stephen O.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Gimsing, Anne Louise] Danish Environm Protect Agcy, DK-1401 Copenhagen K, Denmark. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM franck.dayan@ars.usda.gov RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009; OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499; Gimsing, Anne Louise/0000-0003-2240-7971 NR 58 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 52 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JUL PY 2010 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1032 EP 1039 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.03.011 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 619EV UT WOS:000279412900001 PM 20385394 ER PT J AU Parnell, S Gottwald, TR Gilligan, CA Cunniffe, NJ van den Bosch, F AF Parnell, S. Gottwald, T. R. Gilligan, C. A. Cunniffe, N. J. van den Bosch, F. TI The Effect of Landscape Pattern on the Optimal Eradication Zone of an Invading Epidemic SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUDDEN OAK DEATH; CITRUS CANKER EPIDEMIC; PHYTOPHTHORA-RAMORUM; STRATEGIES; DISPERSAL; PATHOGEN; DISEASE; FLORIDA; UK AB A number of high profile eradication attempts on plant pathogens have recently been attempted in response to the increasing number of introductions of economically significant nonnative pathogen species. Eradication programs involve the removal of a large proportion of a host population and can thus lead to significant social and economic costs. In this paper we use a spatially explicit stochastic model to simulate an invading pathogen and show that it is possible to identify an optimal control radius, i.e., one that minimizes the total number of hosts removed during an eradication campaign that is effective in eradicating the pathogen. However, by simulating the epidemic and eradication processes in multiple landscapes, we demonstrate that the optimal radius depends critically on landscape pattern (i.e., the spatial configuration of hosts within the landscape). In particular, we find that the optimal radius, and also the number of host removals associated with it, increases with both the level of aggregation and the density of hosts in the landscape. The result is of practical significance and demonstrates that the location of an invading epidemic should be a key consideration in the design of future eradication strategies. C1 [Parnell, S.; van den Bosch, F.] Rothamsted Res, Biomath & Bioinformat Div, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. [Gottwald, T. R.] ARS, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Gilligan, C. A.; Cunniffe, N. J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England. RP Parnell, S (reprint author), Rothamsted Res, Biomath & Bioinformat Div, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. EM stephen.parnell@bbsrc.ac.uk RI parnell, stephen/I-7682-2015; OI parnell, stephen/0000-0002-2625-4557; Cunniffe, Nik/0000-0002-3533-8672 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); U.S. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS) FX Rothamsted receives support from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC). C. A. Gilligan gratefully acknowledges a BBSRC professorial fellowship. Part of this work was funded by the U.S. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS). NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2010 VL 100 IS 7 BP 638 EP 644 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-100-7-0638 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 616XI UT WOS:000279244400002 PM 20528181 ER PT J AU Goates, BJ AF Goates, Blair J. TI Survival of Secondary Sporidia of Floret-Infecting Tilletia Species: Implications for Epidemiology SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KARNAL-BUNT PATHOGEN; TELIOSPORE GERMINATION; INDICA TELIOSPORES; WHEAT; DISEASE; THREAT AB Secondary sporidia of Tilletia horrid, T indica, and T. walkeri initiate local infection of rice, wheat, and ryegrass florets, respectively. leading to disease in seed. Secondary sporidia are considered to be fragile and short lived. To examine this, secondary sporidia from agar cultures of these species were naturally discharged onto petri dish lids and were air-dried and maintained in the laboratory at 10 to 20% relative humidity (RH) at 20 to 22 degrees C, and at 40 to 50% RH at 18 degrees C. Lids were periodically inverted over fresh agar to determine viability of dried sporidia. Sporidia held 31 to 49 days at 10 to 20% RH and 56 to 88 days at 40 to 50% RH regenerated rapidly. Commonly, 18 h alter lids with dried sporidia were inverted over agar. newly produced secondary sporidia had discharged onto the agar and produced extensive hyphal growth. There was no difference in the viability of sporidia that were initially dried rapidly or dried slowly over 10 h. Sporidia of T. horrida or T. indica dried on petri dish lids placed in the lower canopy at barley or wheat fields in Idaho and Arizona during early flag leaf to soft dough stages and held until crops were near or beyond maturity regenerated rapidly despite temperatures to 46 degrees C and several clays of RH < 20%. These results suggest that sporidia produced well prior to susceptible growth stages of the most can lay dormant in very dry field environments and then rapidly regenerate under humid rainy conditions associated with the diseases. C1 ARS, USDA, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Goates, BJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM Blair.Goates@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2010 VL 100 IS 7 BP 655 EP 662 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-100-7-0655 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 616XI UT WOS:000279244400004 PM 20528183 ER PT J AU Funnell-Harris, DL Pedersen, JF Sattler, SE AF Funnell-Harris, Deanna L. Pedersen, Jeffrey F. Sattler, Scott E. TI Alteration in Lignin Biosynthesis Restricts Growth of Fusarium spp. in Brown Midrib Sorghum SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE caffeic acid O-methyltransferase; cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase; Fusarium equiseti ID CINNAMYL ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; GRAIN-SORGHUM; GENETIC STOCKS; UNITED-STATES; BMR-12 GENES; RESISTANCE; QUALITY; PENTACHLORONITROBENZENE; MONILIFORME; ALTERNARIA AB To improve sorghum for bioenergy and forage uses. brown midrib (bmr)6 and -12 near-isogenic genotypes were developed in different sorghum backgrounds. The bmr6 and bmr12 grain had significantly reduced colonization by members of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex compared with the wild type, as detected on two semiselective media. Fusarium spp. were identified using sequence analysis of a portion of the translation elongation factor (TEF) 1-alpha gene. The pathogens Fusarium thapsinum, F. proliferatum, and F. verticillioides, G. fujikuroi members, were commonly recovered. Other frequently isolated Fusarium spp. likely colonize sorghum asymptomatically. The chi(2) analyses showed that the ratios of Fusarium spp. colonizing bmr12 grain were significantly different from the wild type. indicating that bmr12 affects colonization by Fusarium spp. One F. incarnatum-F. equiseti species complex (FIESC) genotype, commonly isolated from wild-type and bmr6 grain. was not detected in bmr12 grain. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that this FIESC genotype represents a previously unreported TEF haplotype. When peduncles of wild-type and near-isogenic bmr plants were inoculated with F. thapsinum. F. verticillioides, or Alternaria alternata. the resulting mean lesion lengths were significantly reduced relative to the wild type in one or both bmr mutants. This indicates that impairing lignin biosynthesis results in reduced colonization by Fusarium spp. and A. alternata. C1 [Funnell-Harris, Deanna L.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Funnell-Harris, Deanna L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pedersen, Jeffrey F.; Sattler, Scott E.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Funnell-Harris, DL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, 314 BioChem Hall,E Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Deanna.Funnell-Harris@ars.usda.gov NR 63 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2010 VL 100 IS 7 BP 671 EP 681 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-100-7-0671 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 616XI UT WOS:000279244400006 PM 20528185 ER PT J AU Bolton, MD Panella, L Campbell, L Khan, MFR AF Bolton, Melvin D. Panella, Lee Campbell, Larry Khan, Mohamed F. R. TI Temperature, Moisture, and Fungicide Effects in Managing Rhizoctonia Root and Crown Rot of Sugar Beet SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLANI ANASTOMOSIS GROUP-2; INTEGRATED CONTROL; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; BETA-VULGARIS; WINTER-WHEAT; FATTY-ACIDS; PATHOGENICITY; AG-2-2; DIFFERENTIATION; RESISTANCE AB Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-2 is the causal agent of Rhizoctonia root and crown rot in sugar beet; however, recent increases in disease incidence and severity were grounds to reevaluate this pathosystem. To assess the capacity at which other anastomosis groups (AGs) are able to infect sugar beet, 15 AGs and intraspecific groups (ISGs) were tested for pathogenicity on resistant ('FC708 CMS') and susceptible ('Monohikari') seedlings and 10-week-old plants. Several AGs and ISGs were pathogenic on seedlings regardless of host resistance but only AG-2-2 IIIB and AG-2-2 IV caused significant disease on 10-week-old plants. Because fungicides need to be applied prior to infection for effective disease control, temperature and moisture parameters were assessed to identify potential thresholds that limit infection. Root and leaf disease indices were used to evaluate disease progression of AG-2-2 IIIB- and AG-2-2 IV-inoculated plants in controlled climate conditions of 7 to 22 growing degree days (GDDs) per day. Root disease ratings were positively correlated with increasing temperature of both ISGs, with maximum disease symptoms occurring at 22 GDDs/day. No disease symptoms were evident from either ISG at 10 GDDs/day but disease symptoms did occur in plants grown in growth chambers set to 11 GDDs/day. Using growth chambers adjusted to 22 GDDs/day, disease was evaluated at 25, 50, 75, and 100% moisture-holding capacity (MHC). Disease symptoms for each ISG were highest in soils with 75 and 100% MHC but disease still occurred at 25% MHC. Isolates were tested for their ability to cause disease at 1, 4, and 8 cm from the plant hypocotyl. Only AG-2-2 IIIB was able to cause disease symptoms at 8 cm during the evaluation period. In all experiments. isolates of AG-2-2 IIIB were found to be more aggressive than AG-2-2 IV. Using environmental parameters that we identified as the most conducive to disease development, azoxystrobin, prothioconazole, pyraclostrobin, difenoconazole/propiconazole, flutolanil, polyoxin-D, and a water control were evaluated for their ability to suppress disease development by AG-2-2 IIIB and AG-2-2 IV 17 days at planting. Flutolanil, polyoxin-D, and azoxystrobin provided the highest level of disease suppression. Because R. solani AG-2-2 IIIB and AG-2-2 IV are affected by temperature and moisture, growers may be able to evaluate environmental parameters for optimization of fungicide application. C1 [Bolton, Melvin D.; Campbell, Larry] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Panella, Lee] USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Khan, Mohamed F. R.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Khan, Mohamed F. R.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Bolton, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM Melvin.Bolton@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5442-22000-042-00D, 5402-21220-007-00D] FX Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. This research was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS projects 5442-22000-042-00D and 5402-21220-007-00D. We thank C. Windels, University of Minnesota, for providing isolates of R. solani; G. Nielsen, A. Carlson, K. Rudolph, and I. Qandah for technical assistance; S. Markell and R. Goswami (North Dakota State University) for critical review of the manuscript; and D. Garvin and M. S. West (USDA-ARS) for helpful statistics discussions. NR 56 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2010 VL 100 IS 7 BP 689 EP 697 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-100-7-0689 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 616XI UT WOS:000279244400008 PM 20528187 ER PT J AU Jarugula, S Alabi, OJ Martin, RR Naidu, RA AF Jarugula, Sridhar Alabi, Olufemi J. Martin, Robert R. Naidu, Rayapati A. TI Genetic Variability of Natural Populations of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 in Pacific Northwest Vineyards SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CITRUS-TRISTEZA-VIRUS; LEAFROLL-ASSOCIATED-VIRUSES; RT-PCR; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MIXED INFECTIONS; GRAPEVINE; RECOMBINATION; DIVERSITY; STRAINS; ISOLATE AB Genetic variability of field populations of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2) in Pacific Northwest (PNW) vineyards was characterized by sequencing the entire coat protein (CP) and a portion of the heat-shock protein-70 homolog (HSP70h) genes. Phylogenetic analysis of CP and HSP70h nucleotide sequences obtained in this study and corresponding sequences from GenBank revealed segregation of GLRaV-2 isolates into six lineages with virus isolates from PNW distributed in 'PN', 'H4', and 'RG' lineages. An estimation of the ratio of nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site to synonymous substitutions per synonymous site indicated that different selection pressures may be acting on the two genomic regions encoding proteins with distinct functions. Multiple alignments of CP amino acid sequences showed lineage-specific differences. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results indicated that GLRaV-2-specific antibodies from a commercial source are unable to reliably detect GLRaV-2 isolates in the RG lineage, thereby limiting antibody-based diagnosis of all GLRaV-2 isolates currently found in PNW vineyards. A protocol based on reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was developed for differentiating GLRaV-2 isolates belonging to the three lineages present in the region. The taxonomic status of GLRaV-2 is discussed in light of the current knowledge of global genetic diversity of the virus. C1 [Jarugula, Sridhar; Alabi, Olufemi J.; Naidu, Rayapati A.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Martin, Robert R.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Naidu, RA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM naidu@wsu.edu OI Alabi, Olufemi/0000-0002-2471-7052 FU Washington State University's College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences (CAHNRS); Washington Wine Commission's Wine Advisory Committee; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research; USDA-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Viticulture Consortium-West; USDA-NIFA Specialty Crop Research Initiative [2009-51181-06027]; Department of Plant Pathology; CAHNRS; Agricultural Research Center [WNPO 0616]; Washington State University, Pullman FX This work was supported, in part, by Washington State University's College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences (CAHNRS) Agricultural Research Center and Extension Team-based internal competitive grant, the Washington Wine Commission's Wine Advisory Committee, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research, USDA-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Viticulture Consortium-West, and USDA-NIFA Specialty Crop Research Initiative award No. 2009-51181-06027. PPNS no. 0531, Department of Plant Pathology, CAHNRS, Agricultural Research Center Project No. WNPO 0616, Washington State University, Pullman. NR 47 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2010 VL 100 IS 7 BP 698 EP 707 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-100-7-0698 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 616XI UT WOS:000279244400009 PM 20528188 ER PT J AU Baumgartner, K Travadon, R Bruhn, J Bergemann, SE AF Baumgartner, Kendra Travadon, Renaud Bruhn, Johann Bergemann, Sarah E. TI Contrasting Patterns of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Armillaria mellea sensu stricto in the Eastern and Western United States SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WOOD-DECAY FUNGUS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; ROOT-ROT; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; NORTH-AMERICAN; HETEROBASIDION-ANNOSUM; ANTIFUNGAL PROTEIN; DATRONIA-CAPERATA; MANGROVE FORESTS; SOUTH-AFRICA C1 [Bergemann, Sarah E.] Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. [Baumgartner, Kendra] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bruhn, Johann] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Bergemann, SE (reprint author), Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol, POB 60, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. EM sbergema@mtsu.edu FU Faculty Research and Creative Activity; MTSU; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service FX We thank R. Peterson and K. Hughes (University of Tennessee. Knoxville) and J. Micales (USDA-FS Forest Products Lab, Madison, WI) for cultures; C. Dutech (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Bordeaux, France) for review of the manuscript; and P. Fujiyoshi and J. Groom (USDA Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA) and T. Bowman (Middle Tennessee State University [MTSU], Murfreesboro, TN) for laboratory assistance. Funding was provided by Faculty Research and Creative Activity grant, MTSU (S. E. Bergemann) and USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (K. Baumgartner). NR 92 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2010 VL 100 IS 7 BP 708 EP 718 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-100-7-0708 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 616XI UT WOS:000279244400010 PM 20528189 ER PT J AU Cowger, C Arrellano, C AF Cowger, Christina Arrellano, Consuelo TI Plump Kernels with High Deoxynivalenol Linked to Late Gibberella zeae Infection and Marginal Disease Conditions in Winter Wheat SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium graminearum; Fusarium head blight; scab; type I resistance; type II resistance ID FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; EAR BLIGHT; RESISTANCE; GRAIN; SCAB; ACCUMULATION; GRAMINEARUM; CULMORUM; MOISTURE; GROWTH AB Deoxynivalenol (DON) concentrations in mature wheat grain are usually correlated with symptoms produced by Gibberella zeae infection. However, there have been numerous observations of unacceptably high DON in asymptomatic crops, which can lead to lower-than-expected milling reductions in DON. We conducted a field experiment with winter wheat to examine the effect of infection timing and postanthesis moisture on grain quality and DON accumulation. Seven to eight soft red winter wheat cultivars were grown in three successive years in a misted nursery in Kinston, NC. Spikes were randomly selected for individual spray inoculation at 0, 10, or 20 days after anthesis (daa). Starting at anthesis. plots were subjected to 0, 10, 20, or 30 days of mist. Inoculated spikes and noninoculated controls were collected at harvest-ripeness, and the threshed grain was assayed for Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) and DON. In 2 of 3 years, percentages of FDK were significantly lower from 10-daa infections than from those at 0 daa, although DON concentrations were the same at the two inoculation timings in 2 of the 3 years. Those results indicate that the period of maximum susceptibility to wheat spike infections by G. zeae is close to or slightly less than 10 daa in North Carolina. In 2 of 3 years, FDK DON correlation was greater for 0- and 10-daa inoculations and for 0- to 20-daa misted treatments than for the later-inoculated or longer-misted treatments, respectively. The percentage of "low-FDK, high DON" (LFHD) observations (defined as FDK <= 4.0%, DON >= 2 mu g g(-1)) was higher in 2007 than in 2005 or 2006 (41, 14. and 18%, respectively). In both 2006 and 2007, high percentages of LFHD observations (>= 60%) occurred under marginal disease conditions involving late infection. We conclude that late injection is an important factor leading to LFHD grain. Periods of rain soon after anthesis likely favor the low-symptom, high-DON scenario, and conditions that create greater within-crop variability of anthesis timing may also be important. C1 [Cowger, Christina] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Arrellano, Consuelo] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Cowger, C (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Christina.Cowger@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2010 VL 100 IS 7 BP 719 EP 728 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-100-7-0719 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 616XI UT WOS:000279244400011 PM 20528190 ER PT J AU Skinner, DZ Bellinger, BS AF Skinner, Daniel Z. Bellinger, Brian S. TI Exposure to subfreezing temperature and a freeze-thaw cycle affect freezing tolerance of winter wheat in saturated soil SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Wheat; Cold; Freezing tolerance; Freeze-thaw ID COLD-ACCLIMATION; SUBZERO TEMPERATURES; DEGREES-C; HARDINESS; STRESS; SURVIVAL; FROST AB Winter wheat is sown in the autumn and harvested the following summer, necessitating the ability to survive subfreezing temperatures for several months. Autumn months in wheat-growing regions typically experience significant rainfall and several days or weeks of mild subfreezing temperatures at night, followed by above-freezing temperatures in the day. Hence, the wheat plants usually are first exposed to potentially damaging subfreezing temperatures when they have high moisture content, are growing in very wet soil, and have been exposed to freeze-thaw cycles for a period of time. These conditions are conducive to freezing stresses and plant responses that are different from those that occur under lower moisture conditions without freeze-thaw cycles. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of mild subfreezing temperature and a freeze-thaw cycle on the ability of 22 winter wheat cultivars to tolerate freezing in saturated soil. Seedlings that had been acclimated at +4A degrees C for 5 weeks in saturated soil were frozen to potentially damaging temperatures under three treatment conditions: (1) without any subzero pre-freezing treatment; (2) with a 16-h period at -3A degrees C prior to freezing to potentially damaging temperatures; and (3) with a freeze-thaw cycle of -3A degrees C for 24 h followed by +4A degrees C for 24 h, followed by a 16-h period at -3A degrees C prior to freezing to potentially damaging temperatures. In general, plants that had been exposed to the freeze-thaw cycle survived significantly more frequently than plants frozen under the other two treatments. Plants that had been exposed to 16 h at -3A degrees (without the freeze-thaw cycle) before freezing to potentially damaging temperatures survived significantly more frequently than plants that were frozen to potentially damaging temperatures without a subzero pre-freezing treatment. These results indicated that cold-acclimated wheat plants actively acclimate to freezing stress while exposed to mild subfreezing temperatures, and further acclimate when allowed to thaw at +4A degrees C for 24 h. The cultivar Norstar had the lowest LT(50) (temperature predicted to be lethal to 50% of the plants) of the 22 cultivars when frozen with either of the subzero pre-freezing treatments, but several cultivars had lower LT(50) scores than Norstar when frozen without a subzero pre-freezing treatment. We conclude it may be possible to improve winterhardiness of wheat grown in saturated soil by combining the ability to effectively respond to mild subzero pre-freezing temperatures with a greater ability to withstand freezing to damaging temperatures without a subzero pre-freezing exposure. C1 [Skinner, Daniel Z.] ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Skinner, DZ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dan.skinner@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [5348-21430-003-00D] FX The authors thank the Washington Crop Improvement Association and Allan Fritz of Kansas State University for providing some of the seed used in this study. This project was supported by USDA-ARS project 5348-21430-003-00D. Mention of product names does not represent an endorsement of any product or company but is given only to clarify the methodology; other products may be equally effective. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUL PY 2010 VL 332 IS 1-2 BP 289 EP 297 DI 10.1007/s11104-010-0293-6 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 610OH UT WOS:000278742100023 ER PT J AU Cai, J Tyree, MT AF Cai, Jing Tyree, Melvin T. TI The impact of vessel size on vulnerability curves: data and models for within-species variability in saplings of aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Populus tremuloides; air-seeding hypothesis; pit area hypothesis; vessel diameter; Weibull functions ID XYLEM CAVITATION; HYDRAULIC EFFICIENCY; WOODY-PLANTS; EMBOLISM; SAFETY; SECTORIALITY; RESISTANCE AB The objective of this study was to quantify the relationship between vulnerability to cavitation and vessel diameter within a species. We measured vulnerability curves (VCs: percentage loss hydraulic conductivity versus tension) in aspen stems and measured vessel-size distributions. Measurements were done on seed-grown, 4-month-old aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx) grown in a greenhouse. VCs of stem segments were measured using a centrifuge technique and by a staining technique that allowed a VC to be constructed based on vessel diameter size-classes (D). Vessel-based VCs were also fitted to Weibull cumulative distribution functions (CDF), which provided best-fit values of Weibull CDF constants (c and b) and P(50) = the tension causing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity. We show that P(50) = 6.166D-0.3134 (R2 = 0.995) and that b and 1/c are both linear functions of D with R2 > 0.95. The results are discussed in terms of models of VCs based on vessel D size-classes and in terms of concepts such as the 'pit area hypothesis' and vessel pathway redundancy. C1 [Cai, Jing; Tyree, Melvin T.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Cai, Jing] NW A&F Univ, Coll Forestry, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Tyree, Melvin T.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP Tyree, MT (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. EM mel.tyree@ales.ualberta.ca FU Canadian Forest Service; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant; Alberta Forestry Research Institute; Alberta Ingenuity Equipment Grant; Department of Renewable Resources; University of Alberta; China Scholarship Council FX We thank Uwe Hacke for many valuable suggestions and discussions, and for providing data from Wheeler et al. 2005 for more exact analysis. We thank Adriana Arango and David Galvez for measuring VCs in current year shoots aspen seedlings. These initial experiments were done while testing the performance of our Cochard cavitron. We also thank Yanyuan Lu and Dr Alejandra Equiza for assistance in using the LPFM for measuring native PLC-values and cavitron-induced PLC-values in aspen. This research was made possible by research grants from Canadian Forest Service, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant, Alberta Forestry Research Institute, Alberta Ingenuity Equipment Grant, and endowment funds from the Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta. MTT wishes to thank the United States Forest Service for salary support while working at the University of Alberta, which made this study possible. JC wishes to thank the China Scholarship Council for travel costs to Canada and thanks to Northwest A& F University for granting leave from teaching duties to work at the University of Alberta as a visiting professor for two years. We thank Dr Barb Thomas and Alberta-Pacific Forest Industries, Inc., for providing the cottonwood clones used in this study. NR 25 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1059 EP 1069 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02127.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 608ZJ UT WOS:000278624200001 PM 20199629 ER PT J AU Cai, J Zhang, SX Tyree, MT AF Cai, Jing Zhang, Shuoxin Tyree, Melvin T. TI A computational algorithm addressing how vessel length might depend on vessel diameter SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE aspen; cottonwood hybrids Northwest and P38P38; vessel diameter; vessel length; Weibull functions ID WOODY-PLANTS; EFFICIENCY; SAFETY; STEMS; CAVITATION; TRANSPORT; ENDS AB The objective of this method paper was to examine a computational algorithm that may reveal how vessel length might depend on vessel diameter within any given stem or species. The computational method requires the assumption that vessels remain approximately constant in diameter over their entire length. When this method is applied to three species or hybrids in the genus Populus, vessel length is sometimes a linear function of vessel diameter and sometimes an exponential function of vessel diameter within a stem, based on R2 values. Our results give within-species variation of vessel length versus diameter, and we compare this to between-species variation of mean diameter versus mean length. C1 [Cai, Jing; Tyree, Melvin T.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Cai, Jing; Zhang, Shuoxin] NW A&F Univ, Coll Forestry, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Tyree, Melvin T.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP Tyree, MT (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. EM Mel.Tyree@ales.ualberta.ca FU Canadian Forest Service; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant; Alberta Forestry Research Institute; Alberta Ingenuity Equipment Grant; Department of Renewable Resources,; University of Alberta; United States Forest Service FX This research was made possible by research grants from the Canadian Forest Service, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant, Alberta Forestry Research Institute, Alberta Ingenuity Equipment Grant and endowment funds from the Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta. M.T.T. wishes to thank the United States Forest Service for salary support while working at the University of Alberta, which made this study possible. J.C. wishes to thank the China Scholarship Council for travel costs to Canada, and thanks to Northwest A&F University for granting leave from teaching duties to work at the University of Alberta as a visiting professor for 2 years. We thank Dr Barb Thomas and Alberta-Pacific Forest Industries Inc for providing cutting of the cottonwood clones used in this study. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1234 EP 1238 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02142.x PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 608ZJ UT WOS:000278624200015 PM 20199614 ER PT J AU Kamo, K Jordan, R Guaragna, MA Hsu, HT Ueng, P AF Kamo, Kathryn Jordan, Ramon Guaragna, Mary Ann Hsu, Hei-ti Ueng, Peter TI Resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus in Gladiolus plants transformed with either a defective replicase or coat protein subgroup II gene from Cucumber mosaic virus SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Flower bulb crops; Plant transformation; Cucumber mosaic virus Fny ID REAL-TIME PCR; WHITE LEAF STRAIN; MEDIATED RESISTANCE; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; FIELD CONDITIONS; TOMATO; ESTABLISHMENT; INFECTIONS; EXPRESSION; PROTECTION AB Transgenic Gladiolus plants that contain either Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) subgroup I coat protein, CMV subgroup II coat protein, CMV replicase, a combination of the CMV subgroups I and II coat proteins, or a combination of the CMV subgroup II coat protein and replicase genes were developed. These plants were multiplied in vitro and challenged with purified CMV isolated from Gladiolus using a hand-held gene gun. Three out of 19 independently transformed plants expressing the replicase gene under control of the duplicated CaMV 35S promoter were found to be resistant to CMV subgroup I. Three out of 21 independently transformed plants with the CMV subgroup II coat protein gene under control of the Arabidopsis UBQ3 promoter were resistant to CMV subgroup II. Eighteen independently transformed plants with either the CMV subgroup I coat protein or a combination of CMV subgroups I and II coat proteins were challenged and found to be susceptible to both CMV subgroups I or II. Virus resistant plants with the CMV replicase transgene expressed much lower RNA levels than resistant plants expressing the CMV subgroup II coat protein. This work will facilitate the evaluation of virus resistance in transgenic Gladiolus plants to yield improved floral quality and productivity. C1 [Kamo, Kathryn; Jordan, Ramon; Guaragna, Mary Ann; Hsu, Hei-ti] USDA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ueng, Peter] USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kamo, K (reprint author), USDA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 10A Room 122, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Kathryn.Kamo@ars.usda.gov OI Kamo, Kathryn/0000-0001-6862-2410 FU BARD [IS-2760-96] FX Mention of a trademark, proprietary product or vendor does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that may also be suitable. The following people at the USDA are thanked for their assistance. Charity James challenged the plants. Anne O'Connor prepared the DNA blots for Southern hybridization. Dr. Slava Andrianov performed PCR on the putatively transformed plants for detection of the transgenes. This project was funded in part by BARD project number IS-2760-96 awarded to K. Kamo, H. T. Hsu, and P. Ueng. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD JUL PY 2010 VL 29 IS 7 BP 695 EP 704 DI 10.1007/s00299-010-0855-3 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 611RK UT WOS:000278838400003 PM 20411391 ER PT J AU Sisterson, MS Thammiraju, SR Lynn-Patterson, K Groves, RL Daane, KM AF Sisterson, Mark S. Thammiraju, Shyamala R. Lynn-Patterson, Kris Groves, Russell L. Daane, Kent M. TI Epidemiology of Diseases Caused by Xylella fastidiosa in California: Evaluation of Alfalfa as a Source of Vectors and Inocula SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID LEAF SCORCH DISEASE; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; PIERCES-DISEASE; INSECT TRANSMISSION; PLANT; GRAPEVINES; PATHOGEN; STRAINS; DWARF; CICADELLIDAE AB Pierce's disease and almond leaf scorch disease have been chronic problems for California grape and almond growers, respectively. Both diseases are caused by the xylem-limited, bacterial pathogen Xylella fastidiosa, which is transmitted by xylem-feeding insects. We evaluated the potential for alfalfa to serve as a source of vectors and inocula in California. Analysis of Geographic Information Systems maps on the distribution and abundance of grape, almond, and alfalfa plantings determined that 94,521 ha of almond and grape were planted within 1.6 km of an alfalfa field. Seasonal trends of X. fastidiosa detection were monitored outdoors and in the greenhouse in five needle-inoculated alfalfa cultivars (CUF101, Moapa69, WL342, WL530HQ, and WL625HQ) over 2 years. Results suggest that cool winter temperatures reduced X. fastidiosa populations to undetectable levels but did not eliminate infections. Sampling of alfalfa fields to assess incidence of X. fastidiosa corroborated this result, with positive samples detected in summer only. Incidence of X. fastidiosa in alfalfa during summer was low, with only 6 positive samples out of 1,156 samples collected over 3 years. Insect trapping in alfalfa fields over 3 years found that the green sharpshooter (Draeculacephala minerva) was the most abundant vector. Within alfalfa fields, green sharpshooter abundance was highest in weedy areas, suggesting a preference for weeds over alfalfa. These results confirm that weedy alfalfa fields can serve as an important source of vectors. Incidence of X. fastidiosa in alfalfa was low, possibly due to preference of vectors for weeds over alfalfa. C1 [Sisterson, Mark S.; Groves, Russell L.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Thammiraju, Shyamala R.; Daane, Kent M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lynn-Patterson, Kris] Univ Calif, Kearney Agr Ctr, Div Agr & Nat Resources, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Sisterson, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM mark.sisterson@ars.usda.gov FU University of California; USDA-ARS FX We thank D. Dwyer, E. Felts, T. de la Torre, and S. Uchima for help with field and laboratory work; R. Yacoub for providing GIS maps; and R. Almeida and A. Purcell for valuable discussion and comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. The project was supported by the University of California Pierces Disease Grant Program (USDA/CSREES supported) and the USDA-ARS. NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 94 IS 7 BP 827 EP 834 DI 10.1094/PDIS-94-7-0827 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 613FZ UT WOS:000278966000005 ER PT J AU Mazzola, M Brown, J AF Mazzola, Mark Brown, Jack TI Efficacy of Brassicaceous Seed Meal Formulations for the Control of Apple Replant Disease in Conventional and Organic Production Systems SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID MONOAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE FERTILIZER; ORCHARD SOILS; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; PYTHIUM SPP.; RHIZOCTONIA; ROOTS; IDENTIFICATION; SUPPRESSION; FUMIGATION; WASHINGTON AB The efficacy of brassicaceous seed meals for the control of apple replant disease and the effects of such treatments on the causal pathogen complex were examined in conventional and organic production systems. When used in conjunction with a postplant application of mefenoxam, Brassica juncea and Sinapis alba seed meal soil amendments were as effective as preplant fumigation of soil with 1,3-dichloropropene-chloropicrin in terms of disease control, tree growth, and overall fruit yields of Gala/M26. Brassica napus seed meal amendment mefenoxam soil drench also enhanced yields in a manner comparable to preplant fumigation, but vegetative growth was intermediate between the control and fumigation treatments. When applied alone, seed meal amendments failed to enhance tree growth or control disease to the level attained in response to soil fumigation. Postplant mefenoxam treatments revealed that failure of seed meal amendments to enhance tree growth and yield when used independently was due, at least in part, to increased apple root infection by Pythium spp. in B. napus and S. alba seed meal amended soils, and by Phytophthora cambivora in B. juncea amended soil. As mefenoxam treatment is not compatible with organic cropping systems, a seed meal blend was formulated which, based upon biological activity, was predicted to suppress known components of the target pathogen complex without need of additional treatment. Gala/M26 trees planted in soils treated with a 1:1 ratio of B. juncea:B. napus seed meal blend performed as well in terms of disease control and vegetative growth as trees cultivated in fumigated soil at an organic-certified orchard. Because these trials utilized the highly susceptible rootstock M26, the results demonstrate that these amendments are a viable alternative to soil fumigation for the control of apple replant disease in both conventional and organic systems. C1 [Mazzola, Mark] ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Brown, Jack] Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Mazzola, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM mark.mazzola@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 94 IS 7 BP 835 EP 842 DI 10.1094/PDIS-94-7-0835 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 613FZ UT WOS:000278966000006 ER PT J AU Pascual, A Campa, A Perez-Vega, E Giraldez, R Miklas, PN Ferreira, JJ AF Pascual, Aida Campa, Ana Perez-Vega, Elena Giraldez, Ramon Miklas, Phillip N. Jose Ferreira, Juan TI Screening Common Bean for Resistance to Four Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Isolates Collected in Northern Spain SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID WHITE MOLD RESISTANCE; BUNSI-DERIVED RESISTANCE; CORE COLLECTION; PHYSIOLOGICAL RESISTANCE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; LINKAGE MAP; QTL; IDENTIFICATION; REGISTRATION; AVOIDANCE AB White mold, caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a serious disease in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) causing significant yield loss. Few cultivars with high levels of physiological resistance to white mold have been described in common bean. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine variation in aggressiveness for the local S. sclerotiorum isolates and (ii) identify sources of resistance against local isolates using the greenhouse straw test. The evaluated materials included 199 accessions of a core collection established from the main bean gene bank in Spain and 29 known cultivars or lines, 5 of them described as resistant sources to white mold: G122, PC50, A195, Cornell 606, and MO162. Significant differences for aggressiveness among the four S. sclerotiorum isolates were detected. Generally, isolates 1 and 3 were more aggressive than isolates 2 and 4. In all, 19 genotypes exhibited a level of resistance equal to or significantly better than G122: 11 accessions from the core collection and 8 cultivars or lines from known materials, including the lines A195 and Cornell 606. To confirm resistance, 19 selected genotypes were tested using a more severe straw test with reactions evaluated 21 days after inoculation. Fifteen genotypes exhibited significantly less susceptibility than G122: eight accessions from the core collection and the known cultivars or lines AB 136, Kaboon, BRB57, BRB130, Don Timoteo, and A195. The logical next step will be to evaluate the best genotypes for field reaction to white mold and conduct inheritance studies. C1 [Pascual, Aida; Campa, Ana; Perez-Vega, Elena; Jose Ferreira, Juan] SERIDA, Area Cultivos Hortofruticolas & Forestales, Villaviciosa 33300, Asturias, Spain. [Giraldez, Ramon] Univ Oviedo, Dept Biol Func, E-33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain. [Miklas, Phillip N.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Ferreira, JJ (reprint author), SERIDA, Area Cultivos Hortofruticolas & Forestales, Villaviciosa 33300, Asturias, Spain. EM jjferreira@serida.org RI Ferreira, Juan Jose/J-9470-2016; Campa Negrillo, Ana/C-2768-2017 FU Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Spain [AGL2007-66563-C02-02]; Caja Rural de Gijon (Spain); Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA, Spain) FX This work was supported by grants AGL2007-66563-C02-02 from the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Spain. A. Pascual was recipient of a salary fellowship from the Caja Rural de Gijon (Spain) and E. Perez-Vega was recipient of a salary fellowship from the Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA, Spain). NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 94 IS 7 BP 885 EP 890 DI 10.1094/PDIS-94-7-0885 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 613FZ UT WOS:000278966000013 ER PT J AU Copes, WE Scherm, H AF Copes, Warren E. Scherm, Harald TI Rhizoctonia Web Blight Development on Container-Grown Azalea in Relation to Time and Environmental Factors SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID BINUCLEATE RHIZOCTONIA; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; AERIAL BLIGHT; SOLANI; TEMPERATURE; INFECTION; EPIDEMICS AB Rhizoctonia web blight, caused by binucleate Rhizoctonia spp., is an annual problem in the southern United States on container-grown azaleas (Rhododendron spp.) that receive daily irrigation. Disease progress was assessed weekly from mid-May to mid-September on nursery-grown plants at three locations in Mississippi and Alabama in 2006, 2007, and 2008. Disease onset, defined as the appearance of blighted leaves at the exterior canopy of at least one plant, occurred on average on 20 July, and calendar date was a more precise predictor of disease onset than several combined time weather variables. Disease progress curves exhibited weekly fluctuations around a typically exponential increase in the mean number of symptomatic leaves per plant until early to mid-September, after which web blight severity leveled off or declined due to disease-induced leaf dehiscence and the appearance of new, asymptomatic leaves. Based on the relative increase in the log-transformed number of infected leaves per plant, weekly assessment periods were classified as having slow (<= 0%), intermediate (>0 to <10%), or rapid (>= 0% increase) disease progress. Three-day moving averages (MA) of various weather variables were calculated, and lagged values (by 5 days) of the MA were used in an attempt to predict disease progress as slow, intermediate, or rapid. Of the periods assessed as having slow disease progress in the 2006-2007 data set (model development data), 90.6% (29 of 32) met at least one of the following heuristically derived criteria for the lagged MA: min. temperature < 20.0 degrees C, max. temperature > 35.0 degrees C, avg. vapor pressure deficit < 2.50 hPa, or day of the year > 240 (28 August). One or more of these same criteria were met in 5 of 16 (31.2%) assessment periods with rapid disease progress, indicating that periods with slow versus rapid disease progression could be distinguished reasonably well based on weather. Results were similar for the 2008 validation data. However, weather variables were not useful in separating periods with either slow or rapid disease progress from those having intermediate progress. Instead, weather variables were most useful when used in a negative-prognosis approach to predict disease progression as being "not rapid" (which includes slow and intermediate periods) or "not slow" (including intermediate and rapid periods). The data set was further analyzed using Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis to relate weekly disease progress periods to weather variables. The resulting CART model agreed with the heuristic approach in that temperature variables were more prominent than moisture variables in classifying disease progress periods. With both approaches, satisfactory accuracy was accomplished only with negative-prognoses that classified disease progress periods as not rapid or not slow based on temperature and moisture limits. C1 [Copes, Warren E.] USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Scherm, Harald] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Copes, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, POB 287, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM warren.copes@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 94 IS 7 BP 891 EP 897 DI 10.1094/PDIS-94-7-0891 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 613FZ UT WOS:000278966000014 ER PT J AU Boydston, RA Mojtahedi, H Bates, C Zemetra, R Brown, CR AF Boydston, R. A. Mojtahedi, H. Bates, C. Zemetra, R. Brown, C. R. TI Weed Hosts of Globodera pallida from Idaho SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Boydston, R. A.; Brown, C. R.] USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Mojtahedi, H.] Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Bates, C.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Zemetra, R.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Boydston, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 94 IS 7 BP 918 EP 918 DI 10.1094/PDIS-94-7-0918B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 613FZ UT WOS:000278966000026 ER PT J AU Erper, I Tunali, B Berner, DK AF Erper, I. Tunali, B. Berner, D. K. TI First Report of Leaf Spot on Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) Caused by Septoria erigerontis in Turkey SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Erper, I.; Tunali, B.] Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, TR-55139 Kurupelit, Turkey. [Berner, D. K.] ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Erper, I (reprint author), Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, TR-55139 Kurupelit, Turkey. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 94 IS 7 BP 918 EP 918 DI 10.1094/PDIS-94-7-0918C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 613FZ UT WOS:000278966000027 ER PT J AU Hudson, KA AF Hudson, Karen A. TI The Circadian Clock-controlled Transcriptome of Developing Soybean Seeds SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article AB A number of metabolic and physiological processes in plants are controlled by the circadian clock, which enables a plant to anticipate daily changes in the environment. Relatively little is known about circadian rhythms in developing seeds, which may be important for determining the extent and timing of nutrient storage in grain. Microarray expression profiling was used to identify genes expressed in developing soybean (Glycine max) seeds that are controlled by the circadian clock. Genes with predicted functions in protein synthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and photosynthesis totaling 1.8% of the mRNAs detected in seed were found to be expressed in a circadian rhythm. Known circadian and light-controlled promoter elements were identified as over-represented in the promoters of clock-controlled seed genes, with the over-represented elements varying according to the phase of circadian expression. A subset of circadian-regulated genes were found to be expressed in different phases in developing seeds with respect to leaves from the same plants, many of which have roles in photosynthesis and carbon metabolism. These results help to characterize the genes and processes in seeds that may be regulated by the circadian clock, and provide some insight into organ-specific phasing of clock controlled gene expression. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Hudson, KA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Karen.Hudson@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS Current Research Information System [3602-21000-004-00D] FX The author would like to thank Dr. Matthew Hudson and Dr. Larry Dunkle for critical reading of the manuscript. Product names are necessary to report factually on available data. However, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the names implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. Funding for this work was provided through the USDA-ARS Current Research Information System 3602-21000-004-00D. NR 56 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD JUL PY 2010 VL 3 IS 1 BP 3 EP 13 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2009.08.0025 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA V26WQ UT WOS:000208576100001 ER PT J AU Liu, ZH Faris, JD Edwards, MC Friesen, TL AF Liu, Zhaohui Faris, Justin D. Edwards, Michael C. Friesen, Timothy L. TI Development of Expressed Sequence Tag (EST)-based Markers for Genomic Analysis of a Barley 6H Region Harboring Multiple Net Form Net Blotch Resistance Genes SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article AB We previously identified a region near the centromere of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) chromosome 6H that harbors two closely linked net form net blotch resistance genes (rpt.r and rpt.k). In this study, we mined barley expressed sequence tag (EST) databases and developed EST-derived markers for further mapping of this region in a population derived from 'Rika' and 'Kombar'. Additionally, we did a comparative analysis of this region to other grass species. Fifteen newly developed markers were added to the previous map, and most were distributed within a 27.0-cM interval spanning rpt.r and rpt.k. The two resistance loci were delineated to a 1.6 cM genetic interval. Comparison of mapped ESTs along chromosome 6H to wheat bin-mapped ESTs suggests that rpt.r and rpt.k are most likely located on the long arm of chromosome 6H. Comparative analysis revealed that a 12.6-cM region containing the two resistance loci is colinear with a region of rice chromosome 2 between 23.7 and 29.9 Mb with only a few rearrangements, and nearly the same level of colinearity was observed between barley and Brachypodium in this region. This work refines the genetic and physical location of rpt.r and rpt.k and provides an initial step toward the map-based cloning of these two genes. C1 [Liu, Zhaohui; Friesen, Timothy L.] N Dakota State Univ, Dep Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Faris, Justin D.; Edwards, Michael C.; Friesen, Timothy L.] USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Friesen, TL (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dep Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM timothy.friesen@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD JUL PY 2010 VL 3 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2010.02.0002 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA V26WQ UT WOS:000208576100004 ER PT J AU Kosma, DK Nemacheck, JA Jenks, MA Williams, CE AF Kosma, Dylan K. Nemacheck, Jill A. Jenks, Matthew A. Williams, Christie E. TI Changes in properties of wheat leaf cuticle during interactions with Hessian fly SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE biotic stress; cuticle; cutin; Hessian fly; insect resistance; wax ID TRANSPIRATION BARRIER PROPERTIES; GENE CONFERRING RESISTANCE; CUTICULAR WAX PRODUCTION; MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR; DIPTERA-CECIDOMYIIDAE; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ABC TRANSPORTER; LARVAE; PLANT AB P>Infestation of wheat by Hessian fly larvae causes a variety of physical and biochemical modifications of the host plant. Changes occur in cuticle permeability, lipid composition and gene transcript abundance, and these responses differ substantially between resistant and susceptible wheat lines. Staining assays revealed that susceptible plants exhibited a generalized increase in leaf sheath epidermal permeability during infestation; whereas, epidermal permeability was only minimally affected in resistant plants. Furthermore, temporal profiling using gas chromatographic methods revealed that changes in cuticle lipid (wax and cutin) composition correlated well with differing levels of epidermal permeability in susceptible and resistant plants. Temporal analysis of cuticle-associated gene mRNA levels, by quantitative real-time PCR, indicated a relationship between transcript abundance and changes in cuticle lipid profiles of resistant and susceptible plants. Results suggest that conserving cuticle integrity via induction of specific wax constituents and maintenance of cutin amounts, determined by the accumulation of cuticle-associated transcripts, could be important components of wheat resistance to Hessian fly larvae. C1 [Nemacheck, Jill A.; Williams, Christie E.] USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, MWA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Williams, Christie E.] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kosma, Dylan K.; Jenks, Matthew A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Williams, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, MWA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Christie.Williams@ars.usda.gov FU USDA, CRIS [3602-22000-016-D]; National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2006-35304-17323] FX This work was a joint contribution by the USDA-ARS and Purdue University. Research was supported by USDA, CRIS number 3602-22000-016-D, and by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number 2006-35304-17323. The authors wish to thank Sue Cambron (USDA-ARS) for maintaining Hessian fly stocks. Product names are necessary to report factually on available data. However, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the names implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. NR 81 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 63 IS 1 BP 31 EP 43 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2010.04229.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 619CL UT WOS:000279406400003 PM 20409001 ER PT J AU Handa, AK Mattoo, AK AF Handa, Avtar K. Mattoo, Autar K. TI Differential and functional interactions emphasize the multiple roles of polyamines in plants SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Biogenic amines; Correlation coefficients; Fruit proteins; Metabolome; Plurality model; Protein profiles; Tomato; Transcriptome; Transgenic ID INITIATION-FACTOR 5A; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TOMATO FRUIT; ORNITHINE-DECARBOXYLASE; BIOSYNTHETIC-PATHWAY; CHROMATIN STRUCTURE; SPERMINE SYNTHASE; METABOLIC MEMORY; STEM ELONGATION; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Biogenic amines putrescine, spermidine and spermine are ubiquitous in nature and have interested researchers because they are essential for cell division and viability, and due to a large body of their pharmacological effects on growth and development in most living cells. The genes and enzymes involved in their biosynthetic pathways are now established and characterized. In recent years, molecular aspects of polyamine action have also begun to emerge. Our model is the ripening tomato fruit in which processes of cell division, cell expansion and cell growth have ceased, and yet the cells are responsive at biochemical and molecular levels to genetically manipulated concentrations of putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm). Thus, transcriptome, limited protein profiling, and metabolome studies of transgenic tomato fruit have yielded significant new information on cellular processes impacted by polyamine manipulation. We have used these datasets to determine the linear correlation coefficients between the endogenous levels of Put. Spd and Spm with several parameters. Results of our analysis presented here show that effects of the diamine Put generally contrast those with polyamines Spd and Spm, emphasizing that individual biogenic amines should be considered to have defined action in plant biology and that they differentially affect growth and development. A multiple function model of polyamine action is discussed to explain the role of polyamines in most organisms, in general, and ripening fruit, in particular. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Mattoo, Autar K.] ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Handa, Avtar K.] Purdue Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Mattoo, AK (reprint author), ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ahanda@purdue.edu; autar.mattoo@ars.usda.gov RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 FU US-Israel BARD [IS-3441-03]; USDA [741740] FX This study was supported in part by a US-Israel BARD grant to AKH and AKM (Grant No. IS-3441-03) and a grant from the USDA-IFAFS program (Award No. 741740) to AKH. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 62 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 48 IS 7 SI SI BP 540 EP 546 DI 10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.02.009 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 623QE UT WOS:000279756100010 PM 20227284 ER PT J AU Mohapatra, S Cherry, S Minocha, R Majumdar, R Thangavel, P Long, S Minocha, SC AF Mohapatra, Sridev Cherry, Smita Minocha, Rakesh Majumdar, Rajtilak Thangavel, Palaniswamy Long, Stephanie Minocha, Subhash C. TI The response of high and low polyamine-producing cell lines to aluminum and calcium stress SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Aluminum; Amino acids; Calcium; Glutathione; Mitochondrial activity; Phytochelatins; Polyamines ID SPRUCE PICEA-RUBENS; RED SPRUCE; SUSPENSION-CULTURES; INORGANIC-IONS; POPLAR CELLS; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; BIOSYNTHETIC-ENZYMES; GENETIC MANIPULATION; CATHARANTHUS-ROSEUS; ABIOTIC STRESS AB The diamine putrescine (Put) has been shown to accumulate in tree leaves in response to high Al and low Ca in the soil, leading to the suggestion that this response may provide a physiological advantage to leaf cells under conditions of Al stress. The increase in Put is reversed by Ca supplementation in the soil. Using two cell lines of poplar (Populus nigra x maximowiczii), one with constitutively high Put (resulting from transgenic expression of a mouse ornithine decarboxylase called HP cells) and the other with low Put (control cells), we investigated the effects of reduced Ca (0.2-0.8 mM vs. 4 mM) and treatment with 0.1 mM Al on several biochemical parameters of cells. We found that in the presence of reduced Ca concentration, the HP cells were at a disadvantage as compared to control cells in that they showed greater reduction in mitochondrial activity and a reduction in the yield of cell mass. Upon addition of Al to the medium, the HP cells, however, showed a reversal of low-Ca effects. We conclude that due to increased ROS production in the HP cells, their tolerance to low Ca is compromised. Contrary to the expectation of deleterious effects, the HP cells showed an apparent advantage in the presence of Al in the medium, which could have come from reduced uptake of Al, enhanced extrusion of Al following its accumulation, and perhaps a reduction in Put catabolism as a result of a reduction in its biosynthesis. (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Mohapatra, Sridev; Cherry, Smita; Majumdar, Rajtilak; Thangavel, Palaniswamy; Minocha, Subhash C.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Minocha, Rakesh; Thangavel, Palaniswamy; Long, Stephanie] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Minocha, SC (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM sminocha@unh.edu NR 45 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 48 IS 7 SI SI BP 612 EP 620 DI 10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.04.010 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 623QE UT WOS:000279756100019 PM 20552726 ER PT J AU Zobiole, LHS Oliveira, RS Constantin, J Biffe, DF Kremer, RJ AF Zobiole, L. H. S. Oliveira Jr, R. S. Constantin, J. Biffe, D. F. Kremer, R. J. TI Use of Exogenous Amino Acid to Prevent Glyphosate Injury in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean SO PLANTA DANINHA LA Portuguese DT Article DE photosynthesis; biomass; nodulation; herbicide; Rhizobium ID GLYCINE-MAX L.; PLANT-GROWTH; AGRICULTURAL BIOSTIMULANTS; AMINOMETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID; N-PHOSPHONOMETHYLGLYCINE; NITROGENASE ACTIVITY; TOBACCO CELLS; BIOSYNTHESIS; INHIBITION; MODE AB Cultivation of glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybeans has increased in Brazil as a result of the application of this technology in weed management systems developed for this crop. However, the expansion of GR soybean production has significantly increased the use of glyphosate and, in some cases, resulted in injury symptoms observed in GR soybean, known as "yellow flashing" or yellowing of the upper leaves. Thus, two experiments were conducted in different years. The first experiment aimed to evaluate the influence of glyphosate on GR soybeans regarding the photosynthetic variables, nodule parameters, and shoot and root dry biomass by comparing cultivar BRS 242 GR without glyphosate and BRS 242 RR + glyphosate at 1.200 g ha(-1) at V4 growth stage, to the near isogenic non-GR parental line cv. Embrapa 58. The second experiment aimed to reassess the same parameters in GR soybeans at the V4 stage treated with glyphosate, plus the application of various amino acids, to evaluate the expected recovery of soybean growth under the exogenous use of supplemental amino acids. In general, the photosynthetic variables, nodulation parameters and shoot and root dry biomass were affected by glyphosate; however, the use of amino acids may be a strategy to prevent the undesirable effects of this herbicide on GR soybean C1 [Zobiole, L. H. S.; Biffe, D. F.] Univ Estadual Maringa, Programa Posgrad Agron, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. [Oliveira Jr, R. S.; Constantin, J.] Univ Estadual Maringa, Dep Agron, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. [Kremer, R. J.] Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Zobiole, LHS (reprint author), Univ Estadual Maringa, Programa Posgrad Agron, Av Colombo 5790,Bloco J45, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. EM lhzobiole@uol.com.br RI Oliveira Jr, Rubem/H-1680-2012 OI Oliveira Jr, Rubem/0000-0002-5222-8010 NR 45 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV FEDERAL VICOSA PI VICOSA PA CAIXA POSTAL 270, VICOSA, MG CEP 36571-00, BRAZIL SN 0100-8358 J9 PLANTA DANINHA JI Planta Daninha PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 28 IS 3 BP 643 EP 653 DI 10.1590/S0100-83582010000300022 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 668EL UT WOS:000283251300021 ER PT J AU Dea, S Brecht, JK Nunes, MCN Baldwin, EA AF Dea, Sharon Brecht, Jeffrey K. Nunes, M. Cecilia N. Baldwin, Elizabeth A. TI Occurrence of chilling injury in fresh-cut 'Kent' mangoes SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mangifera indica L.; Fresh-cut; Chilling injury; Quality; Aroma volatiles ID LOW-OXYGEN ATMOSPHERES; ASCORBIC-ACID; HORTICULTURAL CROPS; ETHYLENE PRODUCTION; ALPHONSO MANGOES; FRUIT TOLERANCE; QUALITY CHANGES; HEAT-TREATMENT; COLD-STORAGE; TEMPERATURE AB For best visual quality retention of fresh-cut fruits, the preferred storage temperature is never higher than 5 degrees C, which is considered a chilling temperature for chilling sensitive tropical fruit like mango. Changes in visual and compositional attributes, aroma volatile production, respiration rate, and electrolyte leakage were evaluated in whole and fresh-cut partially ripe 'Kent' mangoes stored for 10d at chilling (5 degrees C) and non-chilling (12 degrees C) temperatures in order to determine if fresh-cut mangoes are subject to chilling injury at their typical handling temperature. The experiment was conducted twice during two Florida mango seasons, with fruit from two different sources. Results from the two harvests were significantly different and therefore were analyzed separately. Visual quality degradation was faster at 12 degrees C than at 5 degrees C, and limited the shelf-life of the fresh-cut mangoes to 3-4d at 12 degrees C versus 5-6d at 5 degrees C. Soluble solids content did not differ among whole fruit or fresh-cut slices stored at either chilling or non-chilling temperatures, but respiration rate, pH, and total ascorbic acid were all lower and titratable acidity was higher in both the fresh-cut slices and whole fruit stored at 5 degrees C compared with storage at 12 degrees C. Subjective evaluation indicated that aroma intensity declined more during storage of fresh-cut slices at 5 degrees C than at 12 degrees C, and the aroma volatiles acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, and ethyl butyrate were found to be significantly reduced in the slices stored at 5 degrees C, but only in the second harvest: production of alcohols (methanol and ethanol) was also lower in samples stored at 5 degrees C. Although electrolyte leakage was higher in fresh-cut slices than in whole fruit, no conclusion could be made regarding the effect of storage temperature. It is unclear whether the storage duration at 5 degrees C was sufficiently long to cause chilling injury in fresh-cut mango slices since no visual symptoms developed in whole fruit. However, lower ascorbic acid content, higher titratable acidity, reduction of volatiles, and increased softening of whole fruit at 5 degrees C versus 12 degrees C, which are all indicative of Cl, suggest that the fresh-cut mango slices did experience chilling stress. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dea, Sharon; Baldwin, Elizabeth A.] ARS, USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. [Dea, Sharon; Brecht, Jeffrey K.] Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Nunes, M. Cecilia N.] Univ Florida, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Dea, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave SNW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM Sharon.Dea@ARS.USDA.GOV RI Brecht, Jeffrey/B-2375-2013 NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 57 IS 1 BP 61 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2010.02.005 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 599AU UT WOS:000277883100009 ER PT J AU Farnsworth, ML Hamilton-West, C Fitchett, S Newman, SH de la Rocque, S De Simone, L Lubroth, J Pinto, J AF Farnsworth, Matthew L. Hamilton-West, Christopher Fitchett, Stephanie Newman, Scott H. de La Rocque, Stephane De Simone, Lorenzo Lubroth, Juan Pinto, Julio TI Comparing national and global data collection systems for reporting, outbreaks of H5N1 HPAI SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE H5N1 HPAI; Global database; Disease surveillance; Statistical analysis; Spatial scale ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; VETERINARY SERVICES; EMERGING DISEASES; SURVEILLANCE; TRADE; SPREAD AB Determining if outbreak data collected by regional or international organizations can reflect patterns observed in more detailed data collected by national veterinary services is a necessary first step if global databases are to be used for making inference about determinants of disease maintenance and spread and for emergency planning and response. We compared two data sources that capture spatial and temporal information about H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks reported since 2004 in four countries: Bangladesh, Egypt, Turkey, and Vietnam. One data source consisted of reports collected as part of each country's national veterinary services surveillance program, while the other data source included reports collected using the Emergency Prevention System for Priority Animal and Plant Pests and Diseases (EMPRES-i) global animal health information system. We computed Spearman rank-order correlation statistics to compare spatial and temporal outbreak distributions, and applied a space time permutation test to check for consistency between the two data sources. Although EMPRES-i typically captured fewer outbreaks than detailed national reporting data, the overall similarity in space and time, particularly after 2006, reflect the ability of the EMPRES-i system to portray disease patterns comparable to those observed in national data sets. Specifically, we show that the two datasets exhibit higher positive correlations in outbreak timing and reported locations after 2006 when compared to December 2003 through 2006. Strengthening the capacity of global systems to acquire data from national and regional databases will improve global analysis efforts and increase the ability of such systems to rapidly alert countries and the international community of potential disease threats. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Farnsworth, Matthew L.; Fitchett, Stephanie] USDA, APHIS, VS, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Hamilton-West, Christopher; Newman, Scott H.; de La Rocque, Stephane; De Simone, Lorenzo; Lubroth, Juan; Pinto, Julio] Food & Agr Org United Nat, Anim Prod & Hlth Div, Anim Hlth Serv, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [de La Rocque, Stephane] CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France. RP Farnsworth, ML (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, VS, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B,Mail Stop 2W4, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Matt.Farnsworth@aphis.usda.gov RI Hamilton-West, Christopher/M-4873-2013 OI Hamilton-West, Christopher/0000-0002-5609-2237 FU United States Department of Agriculture; FAO; International Services and Veterinary Services FX We thank Kristin King for her assistance in developing time-series plots and maps and the United States Department of Agriculture, International Services and Veterinary Services, and the FAO EMPRES program for supporting this work. We also wish to thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 95 IS 3-4 BP 175 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.03.012 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 624DL UT WOS:000279796300002 PM 20435359 ER PT J AU Meade, BJ Timoney, PJ Donahue, JM Branscum, AJ Ford, R Rowe, R AF Meade, B. J. Timoney, P. J. Donahue, J. M. Branscum, A. J. Ford, R. Rowe, R. TI Initial occurrence of Taylorella asinigenitalis and its detection in nurse mares, a stallion and donkeys in Kentucky SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Equine; Taylorella asinigenitalis; Epidemiology; Regulatory medicine ID CONTAGIOUS EQUINE METRITIS; GENITAL-TRACT; INFECTION; ORGANISM AB In 1998, a newly identified bacterium Taylorella asinigenitalis was isolated from the external genitalia and reproductive tracts of nurse mares, a stallion and donkey jacks in Kentucky. An extensive regulatory effort was implemented to contain the outbreak including the tracing and testing of 232 horses and donkeys on 58 premises. T. asinigenitalis was isolated from the reproductive tract of 10 adult equids, including two donkey jacks, one Paint Quarter-horse stallion and seven draft-type breeding mares. None of the infected horses had clinical signs of reproductive tract disease. The odds of being culture positive were 20 times greater for a mare bred to a donkey than for a mare bred to a stallion. Approximately 18% of mares bred to either a carrier stallion or donkey jack were confirmed culture positive. Seventy-one percent of infected mares required more than one course of treatment to clear the organism from their reproductive tracts and one mare harbored the organism for more than 300 days. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Meade, B. J.; Rowe, R.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, USDA, Frankfort, KY 40602 USA. [Meade, B. J.; Timoney, P. J.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Vet Sci, Maxwell H Gluck Equine Res Ctr, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Donahue, J. M.] Univ Kentucky, Vet Diagnost Lab, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Branscum, A. J.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Biostat Stat & Epidemiol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Ford, R.] Kentucky Dept Agr, Off State Veterinarian, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. RP Meade, BJ (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, USDA, POB 399, Frankfort, KY 40602 USA. EM Barry.Meade@aphis.usda.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 95 IS 3-4 BP 292 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.04.010 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 624DL UT WOS:000279796300015 PM 20537742 ER PT J AU Greenlee, JJ Smith, JD Kunkle, RA AF Greenlee, Justin J. Smith, Jodi D. Kunkle, Robert A. TI White-tailed Deer are Susceptible to Sheep Scrapie by Intracerebral Inoculation SO PRION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Greenlee, Justin J.; Smith, Jodi D.; Kunkle, Robert A.] ARS, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1933-6896 J9 PRION JI Prion PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 4 IS 3 BP 144 EP 144 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 702CN UT WOS:000285872300088 ER PT J AU Saunders, SE Bartz, JC Vercauteren, KC Bartelt-Hunt, SL AF Saunders, Samuel E. Bartz, Jason C. Vercauteren, Kurt C. Bartelt-Hunt, Shannon L. TI Enzymatic Digestion of Chronic Wasting Disease Prions Bound to Soil SO PRION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Saunders, Samuel E.; Bartelt-Hunt, Shannon L.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Peter Kiewit Inst, Dept Civil Engn, Omaha, NE USA. [Bartz, Jason C.] Creighton Univ, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Vercauteren, Kurt C.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1933-6896 J9 PRION JI Prion PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 4 IS 3 BP 209 EP 209 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 702CN UT WOS:000285872300245 ER PT J AU Nicholson, EM AF Nicholson, Eric M. TI Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded Tissue as a Starting Point for PrPSc Detection by ELISA SO PRION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE formalin fixed prion; detection ELISA C1 [Nicholson, Eric M.] ARS, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1933-6896 J9 PRION JI Prion PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 4 IS 3 BP 213 EP 213 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 702CN UT WOS:000285872300255 ER PT J AU Favret, C Duggan, JJ Sanders, NJ Phillippe, LR AF Favret, Colin Duggan, Joshua J. Sanders, Nathan J. Phillippe, L. Richard TI ACTUAL AND INFERRED CHECKLIST OF THE APHIDS (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) OF THE GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK, WITH ATTENDANT ANT AND HOST PLANT ASSOCIATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; plant lice; survey; Formicidae ID ANNOTATED LIST; AMERICA NORTH; HOMOPTERA; MEXICO; UROLEUCON; KEY AB During 2003-2006, a general aphid survey was conducted in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in the American states of Tennessee and North Carolina. The project was undertaken within the context of the All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory and funded by Discover Life in America. In all, 121 aphid species were documented. When present, attendant ants were also collected and identified, as were the aphid host plants. The aphids, their attendant ants, and host plants are listed here. In addition, a checklist of the plants of the park and a catalog of the aphids of North America were cross-referenced to create a list of aphids not actually found but likely present in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, increasing the number to 206. Finally, we used Chaol statistical techniques to estimate the total number of aphid species based on our sampling to date. These produced estimates of 201-214 species. C1 [Favret, Colin] AphidNet LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. [Favret, Colin] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Sanders, Nathan J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Phillippe, L. Richard] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Favret, C (reprint author), AphidNet LLC, 18901 Tributary Ln, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. EM ColinFavret@AphidNet.org RI Favret, Colin/F-7726-2012; Sanders, Nathan/A-6945-2009 OI Favret, Colin/0000-0001-6243-3184; Sanders, Nathan/0000-0001-6220-6731 FU DLIA; Department of Energy FX Barb Fuller helped process some of the aphid material in the laboratory and extracted typical host data for North Carolina and Tennessee aphids from the List of North American Aphids. Jason Love spotted several aphid species not found by the authors. Doris Lagos performed determinations on some aphid material. Ed DeWalt, Ani Katchova, and Sue Favret assisted with collecting efforts. Jeanie Hilten, John Morse, and Chuck Parker helped with ATBI logistics. Housing in the park was provided by Discover Life in America. Favret, Sanders, and Phillippe were each separately funded by DLIA. Sanders was further supported by a grant from the Department of Energy. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 112 IS 3 BP 381 EP 403 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.112.3.381 PG 23 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 652IJ UT WOS:000281996800002 ER PT J AU Smith, DR AF Smith, David R. TI FIVE NEW SPECIES OF ACORDULECERA SAY (HYMENOPTERA: PERGIDAE) FROM ARIZONA AND CALIFORNIA, THE FIRST RECORDS OF THE FAMILY FROM SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE sawflies; Symphyta; Nearctic AB Five new species of Acordulecera Say are described from the southwestern United States: Acordulecera sonoita, A. grisselli, and A. whittelli from southern Arizona, and A. algodones and A. kimseyi from southern California. These are the first records for the family Pergidae from Arizona and California. A key is given for the currently recognized North American and Mexican species. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37912,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dave.smith@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Bureau of Land Management [BAA033001/BAA06044] FX I express thanks to E. E. Grissell (Sonoita, AZ) and L. S. Kimsey (University of California, Davis) for providing specimens. For allowing collections, I thank Linda Kennedy (Director, National Audubon Society, Appleton-Whittell Research Ranch, Elgin, AZ). The work on the Algodones Dunes area in California was funded by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management under an Assistance Agreement, BAA033001/BAA06044 issued under the umbrella Cooperative Agreement for the Californian Cooperative Ecosystems Unit (CESU). Michele Touchet (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, Washington, D.C.), helped with the photographs. I thank the following for review of the manuscript: N. M. Schiff (U.S. Forest Service, Stoneville, MS) and J. Prena and T. J. Henry (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, Washington, D.C.). NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 112 IS 3 BP 410 EP 422 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.112.3.410 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 652IJ UT WOS:000281996800004 ER PT J AU Smith, DR AF Smith, David R. TI THE WOODWASP GENUS ERIOTREMEX (HYMENOPTERA: SIRICIDAE), A REVIEW AND A NEW SPECIES FROM MALAYSIA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Review DE southeastern Asia; Indonesia; Papua New Guinea; wood borers ID RECORD; JAPAN AB Eriotremex magnificus, n. sp., from Malaysia is described and illustrated. Current information, including some new distributional records, is given for the other 12 species currently placed in the genus, and a revised key to species is provided. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dave.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 112 IS 3 BP 423 EP 438 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.112.3.423 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 652IJ UT WOS:000281996800005 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Goulet, H Sikes, DS AF Smith, David R. Goulet, Henri Sikes, Derek S. TI A NEW PSEUDODINEURA KONOW (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE) FROM KASATOCHI ISLAND, ALASKA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Nematinae; leafminer; Anemone AB Pseudodineura kasatochi Smith, n. sp., is described from Kasatochi Island, Alaska. This is the first record of a species of Pseudodineura from Alaska. The specimen was collected prior to a volcanic eruption in August 2008 that nearly destroyed all life on the island. It is separated from other Palearctic and Nearctic species of the genus. C1 [Smith, David R.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Goulet, Henri] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Sikes, Derek S.] Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dave.smith@ars.usda.gov; henri.goulet@agr.gc.ca; dssikes@alaska.edu FU U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Alaska EPSCoR NSF [EPS-0701898]; National Science Foundation [DBI-0847904]; State of Alaska FX Stephen S. Talbot, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, AK, provided information on the presence of Anemone on the island. Michele Touchet, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Washington, DC, helped with the photographs. We also thank Vernon Byrd and Jeff Williams of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, for their help in obtaining funding and transportation aboard the USFWS' vessel the M/V Tiglax. Kelly May, Mary Wyatt, specimen preparators, and volunteers in the University of Alaska Museum, are thanked for their efforts. Additional support is acknowledged from Alaska EPSCoR NSF award #EPS-0701898, National Science Foundation BRC award #DBI-0847904, and the State of Alaska. We appreciate reviews by the following: S. M. Blank, Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Muncheberg, Germany, and D. A. Nick le and T. J. Henry, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, Beltsville, MD, and Washington, DC, respectively. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 112 IS 3 BP 439 EP 443 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.112.3.439 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 652IJ UT WOS:000281996800006 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Sanchez-Martinez, G Ordaz-Silva, S AF Smith, David R. Sanchez-Martinez, Guillermo Ordaz-Silva, Salvador TI A NEW MONOCTENUS (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE) DAMAGING JUNIPERUS FLACCIDA (CUPRESSACEAE) IN SAN LUIS POTOSI, MEXICO SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE sawfly; juniper; Utah; Arizona; Durango; Guatemala ID SAWFLIES AB Monoctenus sanchezi Smith, n. sp., is described. It was found damaging Juniperus flaccida Schlechtendal (Cupressaceae) in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. This is the second Mexican species of the genus. A review of Monoctenus from southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America is presented, with M. sadadus Smith a new country record for the United States and new records of the genus for Utah and as far south as Guatemala. C1 [Smith, David R.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Sanchez-Martinez, Guillermo] INIFAP Campo Expt Pabellon, Pabellon De Artega 20660, Aguascalientes, Mexico. [Ordaz-Silva, Salvador] Com Estatal Sanidad Vegetal SLP, Tamuin 79200, SLP, Mexico. [Ordaz-Silva, Salvador] Secretaria Desarrollo Agropecuario & Recursos Hid, San Luis Potosi 78380, Mexico. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dave.smith@ars.usda.gov; sanchezm.guillermo@inifap.gob.mx NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 112 IS 3 BP 444 EP 450 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.112.3.444 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 652IJ UT WOS:000281996800007 ER PT J AU Solis, MA AF Solis, M. Alma TI NORTH AMERICAN HERPETOGRAMMA LEDERER, 1863 (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE: SPILOMELINAE): TYPE SPECIMENS AND IDENTITY OF SPECIES IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE checklist; lectotypes; pests; southern beet webworm; tropical sod webworm AB Type specimens or the type series of 27 North American Herpetogramma species names were located, mostly in European museums, verified, and dissected. Acharana descripta (Warren) is designated as a new synonym of Herpetogramma phaeopteralis (Guenee). Fifteen lectotypes and 14 paralectotypes are designated where it was deemed necessary to fix and stabilize the current concept of the name. A checklist and a key to nine North American species are provided with photographs of the adults. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Smithsonian Inst,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Solis, MA (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Smithsonian Inst,Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,E-517,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM alma.solis@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 112 IS 3 BP 451 EP 463 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.112.3.451 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 652IJ UT WOS:000281996800008 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ Hevel, GF Chordas, SW AF Henry, Thomas J. Hevel, Gary F. Chordas, Stephen W., III TI Additional Records of the Little-Known Corixidea major (Heteroptera: Schizopteridae) from Arkansas and Oklahoma SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Henry, Thomas J.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Chordas, Stephen W., III] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Life Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. EM thomas.henry@ars.usda.gov; hevelg@si.edu; chordas.2@osu.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 112 IS 3 BP 475 EP 477 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-112.3.475 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 652IJ UT WOS:000281996800011 ER PT J AU Hart, PW Rudie, AW AF Hart, P. W. Rudie, A. W. TI A Comparative Evaluation of Explosion Hazards in Chemical and Mechanical Pulp Bleaching Systems SO PULP & PAPER-CANADA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Pulp-and-Paper-Technical-Association-Canada CY FEB 02-03, 2010 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Pulp & Paper Techn Assoc Canada DE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE EXPLOSION; DECOMPOSITION; KINETIC MODEL; MECHANICAL PULP; BLEACHING ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE AB Three pulp mills in North America using 50% hydrogen peroxide have suffered explosions of pumps, mixers, and tanks. In two instances, alkali-catalyzed decomposition of peroxide is implicated in the explosion. Although many mechanical pulping facilities use hydrogen peroxide to bleach pulp, no alkali-catalyzed explosions have been reported. This research uses a kinetic model of peroxide decomposition to explain why the peroxide bleaching process used for mechanical pulps has lower risks than processes used to bleach chemical pulps. C1 [Hart, P. W.] MeadWestvaco Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rudie, A. W.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Hart, PW (reprint author), MeadWestvaco Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BUSINESS INFORMATION GROUP PI TORONTO PA 12 CONCORDE PL, STE 800, TORONTO, ONT M3C 4J2, CANADA SN 0316-4004 J9 PULP PAP-CANADA JI Pulp Pap.-Can. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 111 IS 4 BP 19 EP 22 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 637CM UT WOS:000280792300004 ER PT J AU Smart, AJ Derner, JD Hendrickson, JR Gillen, RL Dunn, BH Mousel, EM Johnson, PS Gates, RN Sedivec, KK Harmoney, KR Volesky, JD Olson, KC AF Smart, A. J. Derner, J. D. Hendrickson, J. R. Gillen, R. L. Dunn, B. H. Mousel, E. M. Johnson, P. S. Gates, R. N. Sedivec, K. K. Harmoney, K. R. Volesky, J. D. Olson, K. C. TI Effects of Grazing Pressure on Efficiency of Grazing on North American Great Plains Rangelands SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE animal performance; forage disappearance; grazing efficiency; harvest efficiency; herbage intake; stocking rate; utilization ID MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; STOCKING-RATE; HERBAGE PRODUCTION; SANDHILLS RANGE; MILK-PRODUCTION; SWARD CONDITION; FORAGE INTAKE; TALL FESCUE; DAIRY-COWS; ALLOWANCE AB Comparisons of stocking rates across sites can be facilitated by calculating grazing pressure. We used peak standing crop and stocking rates from six studies in the North American Great Plains (Cheyenne, Wyoming; Cottonwood, South Dakota; Hays, Kansas; Nunn, Colorado; Streeter, North Dakota; and Woodward, Oklahoma) to calculate a grazing pressure index and develop relationships for harvest efficiency, utilization, grazing efficiency, and animal performance and production. Average grazing pressures for heavy, moderate, and light stocking across the study sites were 40, 24, and 14 animal unit days Mg(-1), respectively. These grazing pressures resulted in average harvest efficiency values of 38%, 24%, and 14% and grazing efficiencies of 61%, 49%, and 39% for heavy, moderate, and light stocking rates, respectively. Utilization increased quadratically as grazing pressure index increased, whereas grazing and harvest efficiencies exhibited a linear increase with grazing pressure. The latter indicates that nonlivestock forage losses (e.g., weathering, senescence, wildlife, insects) were disproportional across stocking rates. Average daily gain of livestock decreased linearly as grazing pressure index increased across study sites. Prediction equations reaffirm assumptions of 50% grazing efficiency and 25% harvest efficiency associated with moderate stocking. Novel here, however, is that harvest and grazing efficiencies increased at high grazing pressures and decreased at low grazing pressures. Use of grazing pressure index to "standardize" stocking rates across rangeland ecosystems in the North American Great Plains should improve communication among scientists, resource managers, and the public, and thus better achieve both production and conservation goals on these lands. C1 [Smart, A. J.; Mousel, E. M.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Derner, J. D.] USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. [Hendrickson, J. R.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Gillen, R. L.; Harmoney, K. R.] Kansas State Univ, Western Kansas Agr Res Ctr, Hays, KS 67601 USA. [Dunn, B. H.] Texas A&M Univ, King Ranch Inst Ranch Management, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Johnson, P. S.; Gates, R. N.; Olson, K. C.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, W River Agr Ctr, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. [Sedivec, K. K.] N Dakota State Univ, Sch Nat Resource Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Volesky, J. D.] Univ Nebraska, W Cent Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Agron & Hort, N Platte, NE 69101 USA. RP Smart, AJ (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Box 2170, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM alexander.smart@sdstate.edu NR 44 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 33 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 63 IS 4 BP 397 EP 406 DI 10.2111/REM-D-09-00046.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 630ZI UT WOS:000280315300001 ER PT J AU Hendrickson, JR Lund, C AF Hendrickson, John R. Lund, Corie TI Plant Community and Target Species Affect Responses to Restoration Strategies SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bromus inermus; ecological restoration; grassland management; grassland restoration; invasive grasses; Poa pratensis; restoration burns ID ACTIVE ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; GREAT-PLAINS; VEGETATION; LITTER; FIRE; PRODUCTIVITY; DISTURBANCE; WHEATGRASS AB Increases in Kentucky bluegrass and smooth bromegrass on northern Great Plains rangelands have the potential to negatively impact ecosystem function, lower plant diversity, and alter seasonal forage distribution, but control strategies are lacking in the region. A project was initiated on a heavily invaded 16-ha grassland that had not been grazed or hayed for at least 20 yr. Five restoration treatments and a control were initiated in 2003 on communities dominated by 1) smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), 2) Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), 3) warm-season native grasses, 4) a mix of introduced species, and 5) smooth bromegrass and Kentucky bluegrass. Restoration treatments were 1) late-April burn, 2) late-April burn followed by imazapic at 511.62 mL ai . ha(-1), 3) imazapic only at the same rate, 4) mowing, 5) mowing followed by litter removal, and 6) control. We found that treatment responses were affected by target species, community category, and year. Generally, burning followed by the herbicide imazapic reduced Kentucky bluegrass in the species composition, but smooth brome was reduced by mowing followed by raking. Burning followed by imazapic reduced live grass biomass in all community categories except the native the year following treatment, but by the third year of the study live grass biomass was maintained across all treatments. In the third year of the study, responses of Kentucky bluegrass, other invasive species, and native grasses to restoration treatment differed depending on community. The use of burning plus imazapic was promising for control of Kentucky bluegrass but its use by producers may be limited by yield reductions in early years. Our data suggest management strategies should vary depending on whether the goal is to reduce one or several invaders, specific invader identity, and community type in which the invader is growing. We also found that the most effective strategy was an adaptive management approach, one where treatments are chosen in response to changes in community composition and depending on resource conditions. C1 [Hendrickson, John R.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Lund, Corie] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Hettinger, ND 58639 USA. RP Hendrickson, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Box 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM john.hendrickson@ars.usda.gov FU Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS); Dakota Prairie Grasslands, US Forest Service FX Research was funded by the Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), and by the Dakota Prairie Grasslands, US Forest Service. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 7 U2 52 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 63 IS 4 BP 435 EP 442 DI 10.2111/08-239.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 630ZI UT WOS:000280315300005 ER PT J AU Gunnell, KL Monaco, TA Call, CA Ransom, CV AF Gunnell, Kevin L. Monaco, Thomas A. Call, Christopher A. Ransom, Corey V. TI Seedling Interference and Niche Differentiation Between Crested Wheatgrass and Contrasting Native Great Basin Species SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE addition series; assisted succession; competitive ability; native species; Wyoming big sagebrush communities ID TUSSOCK GRASSES; CHRYSOTHAMNUS-NAUSEOSUS; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; COMPETITIVE ABILITY; NITROGEN; GROWTH; CHEATGRASS; PERSISTENCE; GERMINATION; COEXISTENCE AB Interference from crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum [L.] Gaertn.) seedlings is considered a major obstacle to native species establishment in rangeland ecosystems; however, estimates of interference at variable seedling densities have not been defined fully. We conducted greenhouse experiments using an addition-series design to characterize interference between crested wheatgrass and four key native species. Crested wheatgrass strongly interfered with the aboveground growth of Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. subsp. wyomingensis Beetle & Young), rubber rabbitbrush (Ericameria nauseosa [Pall. ex Pursh] G. L. Nesom & Baird subsp. consimilis [Greene] G. L. Nesom & Baird), and to a lesser extent with bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata [Pursh] A. Love). Alternatively, bottlebrush squirreltail (Elymus elymoides [Raf.] Swezey subsp. californicus [J. G. Sm.] Barkworth) and crested wheatgrass had similar effects on each other's growth, and interference ratios were near 1.0. Results indicate that the native grasses more readily establish in synchrony with crested wheatgrass than these native shrubs, but that once established, the native shrubs are more likely to coexist and persist with crested wheatgrass because of high niche differentiation (e.g., not limited by the same resource). Results also suggest that developing strategies to minimize interference from crested wheatgrass seedlings emerging from seed banks will enhance the establishment of native species seeded into crested wheatgrass-dominated communities. C1 [Monaco, Thomas A.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Labs, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Gunnell, Kevin L.; Call, Christopher A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildand Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Ransom, Corey V.] Utah State Univ, Plants Soils & Climate Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Monaco, TA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Labs, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tom.monaco@ars.usda.gov RI Ransom, Corey/E-5927-2011 NR 60 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 22 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 63 IS 4 BP 443 EP 449 DI 10.2111/REM-D-09-00118.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 630ZI UT WOS:000280315300006 ER PT J AU Davies, KW Bates, JD AF Davies, Kirk W. Bates, Jon D. TI Vegetation Characteristics of Mountain and Wyoming Big Sagebrush Plant Communities in the Northern Great Basin SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Artemisia tridentata; diversity; habitat; herbaceous cover; sage-grouse ID SAGE GROUSE; STEPPE; ALLIANCE AB Dominant plant species are often used as indicators of site potential in forest and rangelands. However, subspecies of dominant vegetation often indicate different site characteristics and, therefore, may be more useful indicators of plant community potential and provide more precise information for management. Big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) occurs across large expanses of the western United States. Common subspecies of big sagebrush have considerable variation in the types of sites they occupy, but information that quantifies differences in their vegetation characteristics is lacking. Consequently, wildlife and land management guidelines frequently do not differentiate between subspecies of big sagebrush. To quantify vegetation characteristics between two common subspecies of big sagebrush, we sampled 106 intact big sagebrush plant communities. Half of the sampled plant communities were Wyoming big sagebrush (A. tridentata subsp. wyomingensis [Beetle & A. Young] S. L. Welsh) plant communities, and the other half were mountain big sagebrush (A. tridentata subsp. vaseyana [Rydb.] Beetle) plant communities. In general, mountain big sagebrush plant communities were more diverse and had greater vegetation cover, density, and biomass production than Wyoming big sagebrush plant communities. Sagebrush cover was, on average, 2.4-fold higher in mountain big sagebrush plant communities. Perennial forb density and cover were 3.8- and 5.6-fold greater in mountain compared to Wyoming big sagebrush plant communities. Total herbaceous biomass production was approximately twofold greater in mountain than Wyoming big sagebrush plant communities. The results of this study suggest that management guidelines for grazing, wildlife habitat, and other uses should recognize widespread subspecies as indicators of differences in site potentials. C1 [Davies, Kirk W.; Bates, Jon D.] USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Davies, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM kirk.davies@oregonstate.edu NR 32 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 21 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 63 IS 4 BP 461 EP 466 DI 10.2111/REM-D-09-00055.1 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 630ZI UT WOS:000280315300008 ER PT J AU Cline, NL Roundy, BA Pierson, FB Kormos, P Williams, CJ AF Cline, Nathan L. Roundy, Bruce A. Pierson, Fredrick B. Kormos, Patrick Williams, C. Jason TI Hydrologic Response to Mechanical Shredding in a Juniper Woodland SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE compaction; erosion; fuel control; infiltration; mastication; mulch ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SEDIMENT PRODUCTION; PRESCRIBED-FIRE; SOIL-EROSION; PINYON; RUNOFF; INFILTRATION; COMPACTION; LANDSCAPE; MANAGEMENT AB We investigated soil compaction and hydrologic responses from mechanically shredding Utah juniper (Juniperus ostesperma [Torr.] Little) to control fuels in a sagebrush/bunchgrass plant community (Artemisia nova A. Nelson, Artemisia tridentata Nutt. subsp. wyomingensis Beetle & Young/Pseudoroegneria spicata [Pursh] A. Love, Poa secunda J. Presl) on a gravelly loam soil with a 15% slope in the Onaqui Mountains of Utah. Rain simulations were applied on 0.5-m(2) runoff plots at 64 mm . h(-1) (dry run: soil initially dry) and 102 mm . h(-1) (wet run: soil initially wet). Runoff and sediment were collected from runoff plots placed in five blocks, each containing four microsites (juniper mound, shrub mound, vegetation-free or bare interspace, and grass interspace) with undisturbed or tracked treatments for each microsite type and a residue-covered treatment for grass and bare interspace microsites. Soil penetration resistance was measured at the hill slope scale, and canopy and ground cover were measured at the hill slope and runoff plot scale. Although shredding trees at a density of 453 trees . ha(-1) reduced perennial foliar cover by 20.5%, shredded tree residue covered 40% of the ground surface and reduced non-foliar-covered bare ground and rock by 17%. Tire tracks from the shredding operation covered 15% of the hill slope and increased penetration resistance. For the wet run, infiltration rates of grass interspaces were significantly decreased (39.8 vs. 66.1 mm . h(-1)) by tire tracks, but infiltration rates on juniper mounds and bare interspaces were unchanged. Bare interspace plots covered with residue had significantly higher infiltration rates (81.9 vs. 26.7 mm . h(-1)) and lower sediment yields (38.6 vs. 313 g . m(-2)) than those without residue. Because hydrologic responses to treatments are site- and scale-dependent, determination of shredding effects on other sites and at hill slope or larger scales will best guide management actions. C1 [Cline, Nathan L.; Roundy, Bruce A.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Pierson, Fredrick B.; Kormos, Patrick; Williams, C. Jason] USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Roundy, BA (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, 275 WIDB, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM bruce_roundy@byu.edu OI Kormos, Patrick/0000-0003-1874-9215; Williams, Jason/0000-0002-6289-4789 FU United States Joint Fire Science Program FX This is Contribution 21 of the Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP), funded by the United States Joint Fire Science Program. NR 61 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 20 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 63 IS 4 BP 467 EP 477 DI 10.2111/REM-D-09-00196.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 630ZI UT WOS:000280315300009 ER PT J AU James, JJ Svejcar, T AF James, Jeremy J. Svejcar, Tony TI Limitations to Postfire Seedling Establishment: The Role of Seeding Technology, Water Availability, and Invasive Plant Abundance SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cheatgrass; disturbance; fire; restoration; revegetation; seed drill ID GREAT-BASIN; SOIL; NITROGEN AB Seeding rangeland following wildfire is a central tool managers use to stabilize soils and inhibit the spread of invasive plants. Rates of successful seeding on arid rangeland, however, are low. The objective of this study was to determine the degree to which water availability, invasive plant abundance, and seeding technology influence postfire seedling establishment. Across four fire complexes, whole plots were either seeded using a rangeland drill, seeded by hand where seeds could be placed at an exact depth, or left as unseeded controls. Irrigation and weeding treatments were applied to subplots within whole plots in an incomplete factorial design. In three of the four fires, seeding method was the single factor limiting establishment with seedling density over sevenfold higher in the hand-seeded compared to the drill-seeded treatments. In contrast to our hypotheses, water and weeding had no positive effect on seedling establishment in any of the four fires; however, background weed density was relatively low. The native community recovered at all sites with minimal bunchgrass mortality. These results strongly suggest a need for a decision framework that evaluates postfire seeding needs relative to natural recovery. Based on these initial results, it appears modest improvements in seeding technology may yield substantial increases in seeding success. C1 [James, Jeremy J.; Svejcar, Tony] USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP James, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM jeremy.james@oregonstate.edu NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 23 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 63 IS 4 BP 491 EP 495 DI 10.2111/REM-D-09-00124.1 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 630ZI UT WOS:000280315300012 ER PT J AU Lambert, DM Brown, JP Florax, RJGM AF Lambert, Dayton M. Brown, Jason P. Florax, Raymond J. G. M. TI A two-step estimator for a spatial lag model of counts: Theory, small sample performance and an application SO REGIONAL SCIENCE AND URBAN ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Count model; Location choice; Manufacturing; Poisson; Spatial econometrics ID UNITED-STATES; INDUSTRIAL-LOCATION; LEVEL DETERMINANTS; REGRESSION-MODELS; START-UPS; SPECIFICATION; FRAMEWORK; VARIABLES; GROWTH; PLANTS AB Several spatial econometric approaches are available to model spatially correlated disturbances in count models, but there are at present no structurally consistent count models incorporating spatial lag autocorrelation. A two-step, limited information maximum likelihood estimator is proposed to fill this gap. The estimator is developed assuming a Poisson distribution, but can be extended to other count distributions. The small sample properties of the estimator are evaluated with Monte Carlo experiments. Simulation results suggest that the spatial lag count estimator achieves gains in terms of bias over the aspatial version as spatial lag autocorrelation and sample size increase. An empirical example deals with the location choice of single-unit start-up firms in the manufacturing industry in the US between 2000 and 2004. The empirical results suggest that in the dynamic process of firm formation, counties dominated by firms exhibiting internal increasing returns to scale are at a relative disadvantage even if localization economies are present. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Brown, Jason P.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Lambert, Dayton M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Florax, Raymond J. G. M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr Econ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Florax, Raymond J. G. M.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Spatial Econ, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Brown, JP (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM dmlambert@tennessee.edu; jbrown@ers.usda.gov; rflorax@purdue.edu NR 70 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0462 J9 REG SCI URBAN ECON JI Reg. Sci. Urban Econ. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 40 IS 4 BP 241 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2010.04.001 PG 12 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Urban Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Urban Studies GA 614BM UT WOS:000279030000007 ER PT J AU Rivera, S Kershnerand, JL Dobrowolski, JP AF Rivera, Samuel Kershnerand, Jeffrey L. Dobrowolski, James P. TI EVALUATION OF THE SURFACE EROSION FROM DIFFERENT TIMBER YARDING METHODS IN HONDURAS SO REVISTA ARVORE LA English DT Article DE BMP; Erosion and Timber yarding evaluation AB Surface runoff and sediment production from different timber yarding practices, some using Best Management Practices (BMPs) recommended for Honduras, were monitored in experimental plots during the rainy seasons of two consecutive years in pine forest highlands of central Honduras. Different timber yarding systems were applied to pseudo-replicated plots during the rainy seasons of 1999 and 2000. In 1999, two treatments were studied: tractor yarding and skyline cable (a recommended BMP). In 2000, four treatments were evaluated: tractor skidding, skyline cable, animal skidding (another recommended BMP), and undisturbed forest (reference). During the rainy seasons of these years, surface runoff volumes and sediment yield were measured at five 1.5m x 10m erosion plots in each treated area. The results showed significant differences between traditional tractor yarding and the recommended skyline cable and animal skidding methods. Tractor yarding produced six to ten times more erosion during the rainy seasons than cable and animal yarding. The improved soil retention of cable and animal yarding was especially important during September when the highest rainfall occurred in this climate. C1 [Rivera, Samuel] Utah State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Kershnerand, Jeffrey L.] Utah State Univ, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, USDA Forest Serv, Watershed Sci Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Dobrowolski, James P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Water Res Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Rivera, S (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM samuel.rivera@aggiemail.usu.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture through the Foreign Agricultural Service; International Cooperation Scientific Exchange Program FX We would like to thank to the sponsor of this research project: the U.S. Department of Agriculture through the Foreign Agricultural Service and the International Cooperation Scientific Exchange Program. The US Forest Service-Fish and Ecology Unit at Utah State University provided the logistical support for this study. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV FEDERAL VICOSA PI VICOSA PA CAIXA POSTAL 270, VICOSA, MG CEP 36571-00, BRAZIL SN 0100-6762 J9 REV ARVORE JI Rev. Arv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 34 IS 4 BP 577 EP 586 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 671HZ UT WOS:000283493000002 ER PT J AU Lacey, LA Kroschel, J Arthurs, SP de la Rosa, F AF Lacey, Lawrence A. Kroschel, Juergen Arthurs, Steven P. de la Rosa, Francisco TI Microbial Control of the Potato Tuber Moth Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) SO REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE ENTOMOLOGIA LA Spanish DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; Granulovirus; Entomopathogenic nematodes; Steinernema; Heterorhabditis; Entomopathogenic fungi; Metarhizium anisopliae; Beauveria bassiana; Muscodor albus ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; GRANULOSIS-VIRUS; ZELLER LEPIDOPTERA; MUSCODOR-ALBUS; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; GRANULOVIRUS POGV; FIELD POPULATIONS; CONTROL AGENT; INTEGRATED CONTROL AB The natural occurrence of specific pathogens and biopesticides applied in an inundative fashion can contribute significantly to control of the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella. Most of the research conducted and practices used for control of P operculella use one species, of granulovirus and the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). The P operculella granulovirus (PhopGV) has the potential to play a significant role in the integrated management of the pest in stored tubers as well as in field crops. At the same time, Bt has been used successfully against P operculella infestations in the field and in stored tubers. PhopGV and Bt are safe for application personnel and for the food products; in addition, they do not affect beneficial insects and other nontarget organisms. Other natural insecticides are the biofumigant fungus Muscodor albus, botanicals, sex pheromones and physical measures for P operculella control in stored tubers. The implementation of biopesticides will ultimately depend on an increased awareness of their attributes by growers and the public, who will be the main drivers for their use and commercialization. C1 [Lacey, Lawrence A.; de la Rosa, Francisco] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Kroschel, Juergen] Ctr Int Papa, Lima 12, Peru. [Arthurs, Steven P.] Univ Florida, IFAS, Mid Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL USA. RP Lacey, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM lerry.lacey@ars.usda.gov NR 103 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOC COLOMBIANA ENTOMOLOGIA-SOCOLEN PI SANTAFE DE BOGOTA PA APARTADO AEREO 11366, SANTAFE DE BOGOTA, D.C. 00000, COLOMBIA SN 0120-0488 J9 REV COLOMB ENTOMOL JI Rev. Colomb. Entomol. PD JUL-DEC PY 2010 VL 36 IS 2 BP 181 EP 189 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 699QC UT WOS:000285676900001 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, VH Rasmussen, C Velasquez, A AF Gonzalez, Victor H. Rasmussen, Claus Velasquez, Alexander TI A new species of Lestrimelitta and a change in name in Lasioglossum (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Halictidae) SO REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE ENTOMOLOGIA LA Spanish DT Article DE Anthophila; Apoidea; Colombia; Stingless bees ID FRIESE HYMENOPTERA; STINGLESS BEE AB A new species of cleptobiotic meliponine bee, Lestrimelitta piedemontana Gonzalez and Rasmussen sp. nov., is described based on workers captured in the Eastern Andes of Colombia. The geographical distribution of Lestrimelitta rufipes is also broadened, and the name Lasioglossum urbanus Gonzalez is changed to Lasioglossum santafensis Gonzalez and Rasmussen, nomen novum, in order to resolve the secondary homonymy with Lasioglossum urbanus (Smith, 1879). C1 [Rasmussen, Claus] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biol Sci, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Gonzalez, Victor H.; Velasquez, Alexander] Univ Amazonia, Museo Hist Nat, Grp Invest Fauna Silvestre, Florencia, Caqueta, Colombia. RP Gonzalez, VH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM victorgonzab@gmail.com; alrunen@yahoo.com; alexandervelasquezvalencia@gmail.com RI Gonzalez, Victor/B-4072-2015; Rasmussen, Claus/J-6714-2012 OI Rasmussen, Claus/0000-0003-1529-6548 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC COLOMBIANA ENTOMOLOGIA-SOCOLEN PI SANTAFE DE BOGOTA PA APARTADO AEREO 11366, SANTAFE DE BOGOTA, D.C. 00000, COLOMBIA SN 0120-0488 J9 REV COLOMB ENTOMOL JI Rev. Colomb. Entomol. PD JUL-DEC PY 2010 VL 36 IS 2 BP 319 EP 324 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 699QC UT WOS:000285676900024 ER PT J AU Fernandez, DC Zambrano, G Gonzalez, VH AF Catalina Fernandez, Diana Zambrano G, Giselle Gonzalez, Victor H. TI Nesting behavior, taxonomic notes and potential distribution of Paratrigona eutaeniata (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Meliponini) SO REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE ENTOMOLOGIA LA Spanish DT Article DE Andes; Stingless bees; Colombia; Potential distribution; Species distribution models ID COLOMBIA HYMENOPTERA; BEES; OXYTRIGONA; PHYLOGENY AB The nesting habits of stingless bees in the genus Paratrigona are diverse and still unknown for most of the species. Herein we present information on these aspects and on the taxonomy of P eutaeniata in the southwestern Andes of Colombia. To date, this species has been considered restricted to the Andean and sub-Andean forests of the western slopes of the Cordillera Oriental, in northern Colombia. We describe and illustrate for the first time the internal nest architecture, the queen, and morphological variations of the worker and the male. We also used a species distribution model to predict the potential distribution of P eutaeniata in northwestern South America. C1 [Gonzalez, Victor H.] Univ Amazonia, Museo Hist Nat, Grp Invest Fauna Silvestre, Florencia, Caqueta, Colombia. [Zambrano G, Giselle] Univ Cauca, Grp Estudios Geol Ecol & Conservac GECO, Fac Ciencias Nat & Exactas Educ, Dept Biol, Popayan, Colombia. RP Gonzalez, VH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM dcfernandez@unicauca.edu.co; gzambranog@unicauca.edu.co; victorgonzab@gmail.com RI Gonzalez, Victor/B-4072-2015 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COLOMBIANA ENTOMOLOGIA-SOCOLEN PI SANTAFE DE BOGOTA PA APARTADO AEREO 11366, SANTAFE DE BOGOTA, D.C. 00000, COLOMBIA SN 0120-0488 J9 REV COLOMB ENTOMOL JI Rev. Colomb. Entomol. PD JUL-DEC PY 2010 VL 36 IS 2 BP 325 EP 332 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 699QC UT WOS:000285676900025 ER PT J AU Joseph, AT van der Velde, R O'Neill, PE Choudhury, BJ Lang, RH Kim, EJ Gish, T AF Joseph, Alicia T. van der Velde, Rogier O'Neill, Peggy E. Choudhury, Bhaskar J. Lang, Roger H. Kim, Edward J. Gish, Timothy TI L Band Brightness Temperature Observations over a Corn Canopy during the Entire Growth Cycle SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE field campaign; L-band radiometry; vegetation effects; surface roughness ID SOIL-MOISTURE RETRIEVALS; MICROWAVE EMISSION; CROP FIELDS; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; WATER-CONTENT; 1.4 GHZ; VEGETATION; MODEL; ATTENUATION; CALIBRATION AB During a field campaign covering the 2002 corn growing season, a dual polarized tower mounted L-band (1.4 GHz) radiometer (LRAD) provided brightness temperature (T(B)) measurements at preset intervals, incidence and azimuth angles. These radiometer measurements were supported by an extensive characterization of land surface variables including soil moisture, soil temperature, vegetation biomass, and surface roughness. In the period May 22 to August 30, ten days of radiometer and ground measurements are available for a corn canopy with a vegetation water content (W) range of 0.0 to 4.3 kg m(-2). Using this data set, the effects of corn vegetation on surface emissions are investigated by means of a semi-empirical radiative transfer model. Additionally, the impact of roughness on the surface emission is quantified using T(B) measurements over bare soil conditions. Subsequently, the estimated roughness parameters, ground measurements and horizontally (H)-polarized T(B) are employed to invert the H-polarized transmissivity (gamma(h)) for the monitored corn growing season. C1 [Joseph, Alicia T.; O'Neill, Peggy E.; Choudhury, Bhaskar J.; Kim, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Hydrol Sci Branch 614 3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [van der Velde, Rogier] Int Inst Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, NL-7500 AA Enschede, Netherlands. [Lang, Roger H.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Gish, Timothy] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Joseph, AT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Hydrol Sci Branch 614 3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Alicia.T.Joseph@nasa.gov; velde@itc.nl; Peggy.E.ONeill@nasa.gov; Bhaskar.J.Choudhury@nasa.gov; lang@gwu.edu; Edward.J.Kim@nasa.gov; Timothy.Gish@ars.usda.gov RI O'Neill, Peggy/D-2904-2013; van der Velde, Rogier /K-8623-2013 OI van der Velde, Rogier /0000-0003-2157-4110 FU NASA FX The authors would like to acknowledge that the field campaign was financially supported through NASA and we would like to thank various students for participating in the field campaign. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD JUL PY 2010 VL 10 IS 7 BP 6980 EP 7001 DI 10.3390/s100706980 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 631GW UT WOS:000280335700037 PM 22163585 ER PT J AU Dijkstra, FA Morgan, JA Blumenthal, D Follett, RF AF Dijkstra, Felice A. Morgan, Jack A. Blumenthal, Dana Follett, Ronald F. TI Water limitation and plant inter-specific competition reduce rhizosphere-induced C decomposition and plant N uptake SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE (13)C isotopes; Complementarity and selection effects; Decomposition; GRACEnet publication; Microbial activity; Nitrogen uptake; Plant species diversity; Priming effect; Semi-arid grassland; Soil moisture ID ORGANIC-MATTER DECOMPOSITION; TERM BIODIVERSITY EXPERIMENT; SOIL CARBON; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; ELEVATED CO2; PRODUCTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS; FIELD CONDITIONS; DIVERSITY; GRASSLAND; NITROGEN AB Plants can affect soil organic matter decomposition and mineralization through litter inputs, but also more directly through root-microbial interactions (rhizosphere effects). Depending on resource availability and plant species identity, these rhizosphere effects can be positive or negative. To date, studies of rhizosphere effects have been limited to plant species grown individually. It is unclear how belowground resources and inter-specific interactions among plants may influence rhizosphere effects on soil C decomposition and plant N uptake. In this study, we tested the simple and interactive effects of plant diversity and water availability on rhizosphere-mediated soil C decomposition and plant N uptake. The study was conducted in the greenhouse with five semi-arid grassland species (monocultures and mixtures of all five species) and two water levels (15 and 20% gravimetric soil moisture content). We hypothesized that microbial decomposition and N release would be less in the low compared to high water treatment and less in mixtures compared to monocultures. Rhizosphere effects on soil C decomposition were both positive and negative among the five species when grown in monoculture, although negative effects prevailed by the end of the experiment. When grown in mixture, rhizosphere effects reduced soil C decomposition and plant N uptake compared to monocultures, but only at the low-water level. Our results suggest that when water availability is low, plant species complementarity and selection effects on water and N use can decrease soil C decomposition through rhizosphere effects. Although complementarity and selection effects can increase plant N uptake efficiency, plant N uptake in the mixtures was still lower than expected, most likely because rhizosphere effects reduced N supply in the mixtures more than in the monocultures. Our results indicate that rhizosphere effects on C and N cycling depend on water availability and inter-specific plant interactions. Negative rhizosphere effects on soil C decomposition and N supply in mixtures relative to monocultures of the component species could ultimately increase soil C storage and possibly influence how plant communities in semi-arid grasslands respond to global climate change. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dijkstra, Felice A.; Morgan, Jack A.; Blumenthal, Dana] USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Follett, Ronald F.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant & Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Dijkstra, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM feike.dijkstra@ars.usda.gov RI Blumenthal, Dana/J-3106-2012; Dijkstra, Feike/H-2182-2012; OI Dijkstra, Feike/0000-0002-6191-6018 FU Agricultural Research Service FX We thank Dan LeCain, Joseph Hansen, Ed Buenger, Mary Smith, and Shikha Sharma for technical assistance. We thank Nick Bader, Elise Pendall, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This publication is based upon work supported by the Agricultural Research Service under the ARS GRACEnet Project. NR 52 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 85 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1073 EP 1082 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.02.026 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 608JM UT WOS:000278579900009 ER PT J AU Mao, JD Palazzo, AJ Olk, DC Clapp, CE Senesi, N Bashore, TL Cao, XY AF Mao, Jingdong Palazzo, Antonio J. Olk, Dan C. Clapp, C. Edward Senesi, Nicola Bashore, Terry L. Cao, Xiaoyan TI Chemical Structure of Soil Organic Matter in Slickspots as Investigated by Advanced Solid-State NMR SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Humic acids; nuclear magnetic resonance; chemical structure; slickspot soils; soil layers ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; C-13 NMR; ACID PROPERTIES; SPECTROSCOPY; MINERALIZATION; QUANTITATION; CONTAMINANT; FRACTIONS; SELECTION AB Slickspot soils are saline, and knowledge of their humic chemistry would contribute to our limited understanding how salinity affects soil C and N stocks. We characterized humic acids (HA) from slickspot soils with solid-state (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Expanding on previous use of cross polarization/ magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) NMR, we used direct polarization (DP) and yet more advanced spectral editing techniques to identify specific functional groups, detect the connectivities of different functional groups, and selectively observe fused ring carbons. A series of soil HA was extracted from soil layers having different physical properties: silt texture, vesicular structure, and clay texture. They were compared with HA from corresponding depths in soils adjacent to the slickspots. All HA consisted of five main structural components: aliphatic chains, peptides, sugar rings, lignin residues, and aromatics/olefinics. For all soils, except one outside slickspots, the HA from the vesicular and clay layers contained less nonpolar alkyls and more aromatics than those from surface silt layers, but their spectral proportions differed when the (13)C NMR was performed using CP/MAS instead of DP. Humic acids from the surface layers inside the slickspots had lower aromaticity than those from outside the slickspots. Advanced spectral editing techniques allowed for the selection of non-protonated carbons and mobile groups, alkyls, CH, and CH(2) groups, which would otherwise be buried in the heavily overlapped spectrum. They provided more structural information than was obtained by routine (13)C CP/MAS or DP. C1 [Mao, Jingdong; Cao, Xiaoyan] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Palazzo, Antonio J.] USACOE, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. [Olk, Dan C.] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. [Clapp, C. Edward] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Clapp, C. Edward] ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN USA. [Senesi, Nicola] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Biol & Chim Agroforestale & Ambienta, Bari, Italy. [Bashore, Terry L.] HQ Air Combat Command, Airspace Ranges & Air Field Operat Div, Langley AFB, VA USA. RP Mao, JD (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM jmao@odu.edu RI Cao, Xiaoyan/E-3492-2012 OI Cao, Xiaoyan/0000-0001-7571-6482 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0843996, CBET-0853950]; Thomas F. Jeffress and Kate Miller Jeffress Memorial Trust; Airspace, Ranges, and Airfield Operations Division, HQ Air Combat Command, Langley AFB, VA FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (EAR-0843996 and CBET-0853950), the Thomas F. Jeffress and Kate Miller Jeffress Memorial Trust, and by the Airspace, Ranges, and Airfield Operations Division, HQ Air Combat Command, Langley AFB, VA. The opinions and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Army, or the federal government. The authors also thank Prof. Klaus Schmidt-Rohr for his kind support. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 26 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 175 IS 7 BP 329 EP 338 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3181e93d23 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 622CR UT WOS:000279637000003 ER PT J AU Smith, KE Runion, GB Prior, SA Rogers, HH Torbert, HA AF Smith, Katy E. Runion, G. Brett Prior, Stephen A. Rogers, Hugo H. Torbert, H. Allen TI Effects of Elevated CO2 and Agricultural Management on Flux of Greenhouse Gases From Soil SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; global change; greenhouse gases; methane; nitrous oxide ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; NO-TILLAGE SYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ORGANIC-MATTER; LONG-TERM; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; ENRICHMENT FACE; ARABLE SOILS; PADDY FIELD AB To evaluate the contribution of agriculture to climate change, the flux of greenhouse gases from different cropping systems must be assessed. Soil greenhouse gas flux (CO2, N2O, and CH4) was assessed during the final growing season in a long-term (10-year) study evaluating the effects of crop management (conservation and conventional) and atmospheric CO2 (ambient and twice ambient) on a Decatur silt loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Paleudults). Seasonal soil CO2 flux was significantly greater under elevated (4.39 Mg CO2-C ha(-1)) versus ambient CO2 (3.34 Mg CO2-C ha(-1)) and was generally greater in the conventional (4.19 Mg CO2-C ha(-1)) compared with the conservation (3.53 Mg CO2-C ha(-1)) system. Soil flux of both N2O (range, -1.5 to 53.4 g N2O-N ha(-1) day(-1)) andCH(4) (range, -7.9 to 24.4 g CH4-C ha(-1) day(-1)) were low throughout the study and rarely exhibited differences caused by treatments. Global warming potential (calculated based on flux of individual gases) was increased by elevated CO2 (33.4%) and by conventional management (17.1%); these increases were driven primarily by soil CO2 flux. As atmospheric CO2 continues to rise, our results suggest adoption of conservation management systems represents a viable means of reducing agriculture's potential contribution to global climate change. C1 [Smith, Katy E.] Univ Minnesota Crookston, Dept Math Sci & Technol, Crookston, MN 56716 USA. [Runion, G. Brett; Prior, Stephen A.; Rogers, Hugo H.; Torbert, H. Allen] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA. RP Smith, KE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota Crookston, Dept Math Sci & Technol, Crookston, MN 56716 USA. EM katys@umn.edu FU Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AI02-95ER62088] FX The authors thank B.G. Dorman, J.W. Carrington, and H.M. Finegan for technical assistance. This publication is based on work supported by the Agricultural Research Service under the ARS GRACEnet Project and by the Biological and Environmental Research Program, U.S. Department of Energy, Interagency Agreement No. DE-AI02-95ER62088. NR 72 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 23 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 175 IS 7 BP 349 EP 356 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3181e93d3c PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 622CR UT WOS:000279637000005 ER PT J AU Tarkalson, DD Ippolito, JA AF Tarkalson, David D. Ippolito, James A. TI Clinoptilolite Zeolite Influence on Inorganic Nitrogen in Silt Loam and Sandy Agricultural Soils SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Zeolite; clinoptilolite; nitrogen; ammonium; nitrate ID N-15-LABELED FERTILIZERS; UREA; PLACEMENT; RECOVERY AB Development of best management practices can help improve inorganic nitrogen (N) availability to plants and reduce nitrate-nitrogen (NO(3)-N) leaching in soils. This study was conducted to determine the influence of the zeolite mineral clinoptilolite (CL) additions on NO(3)-N and ammonium-nitrogen (NH(4)-N) in two common Pacific Northwest soils. The effects of CL application rate (up to 26.9 Mg ha(-1)) either band applied or mixed with a set rate of N fertilizer on masses of NO(3)-N and NH(4)-N in leachate and soil were investigated in a column study using a Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty mixed mesic Durixerollic Caliciorthid) and a Wolverine sand (Mixed, frigid Xeric Torripsamment). All treatments for each soil received a uniform application of N from urea fertilizer, with fertilizer banded or mixed with CL. In the Portneuf soil, band application of CL and N contained 109% more total inorganic N (NO(3)-N + NH(4)-N) in the soil/leachate system compared with mixing. In both soils, CL application rate influenced the quantity of NO(3)-N and NH(4)-N in the leachate and soil. Application of CL at rates of 6.7 to 13.4 Mg ha(-1) resulted in the conservation of inorganic N in the soils. Band applying CL and N seems to conserve available inorganic N in the soil compared with mixing CL and N possibly because of decreased rates of microbial immobilization, nitrification, and denitrification. C1 [Tarkalson, David D.; Ippolito, James A.] ARS, USDA, NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83301 USA. RP Tarkalson, DD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83301 USA. EM david.tarkalson@usda.ars.gov FU Zeocorp LLC, CRADA [58-3k95-8-1283] FX This study was supported by Zeocorp LLC, CRADA no. 58-3k95-8-1283. Mention of a specific product or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 175 IS 7 BP 357 EP 362 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3181e771d1 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 622CR UT WOS:000279637000006 ER PT J AU Acosta-Martinez, V Burow, G Zobeck, TM Allen, VG AF Acosta-Martinez, V. Burow, G. Zobeck, T. M. Allen, V. G. TI Soil Microbial Communities and Function in Alternative Systems to Continuous Cotton SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; ORGANIC-MATTER; CROPPING SYSTEMS; FATTY-ACIDS; BIOMASS-C; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; EXTRACTION METHOD; LAND-USE; DIVERSITY AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) monoculture under conventional tillage has been the predominant cropping system in the Southern High Plains region of the United States since the 1940s. This study evaluated other cropping systems and land uses for their potential to increase soil quality and enhance soil functioning compared with continuous cotton (Ct-Ct), including a mixture of grasses in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), a pasture monoculture [Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz) ST. Blake] and a cotton-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) corn (Zea mays L.) rotation (Ct-W-Cr). Soil microbial communities were evaluated according to microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN), fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiling, and molecular cloning techniques. Soil MBC was higher under the alternative systems at 0 to 5 cm (CRP > pasture = Ct-W-Cr > Ct-Ct), 5 to 10 cm (CRP = Ct-W-Cr > pasture > Ct-Ct), and 10 to 20 cm (CRP = pasture = Ct-W-Cr > Ct-Ct). Soil DNA concentration was correlated with key soil quality parameters such as microbial biomass (r > 0.52, P < 0.05), total C (r = 0.372, P < 0.1), and total N (r = 0.449, P < 0.05). The 16S rRNA gene banding patterns (0-5 cm) of undisturbed systems (CRP and pasture) were more similar to each other than to Ct-Ct and Ct-W-Cr. Fungal/bacterial FAME ratios were higher under CRP and pasture than under Ct-Ct at 0 to 5 and 5 to 10 cm. This study found increases in sensitive soil quality parameters under alternative management compared with cotton monoculture. C1 [Acosta-Martinez, V.; Burow, G.; Zobeck, T. M.] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Allen, V. G.] Texas Tech Univ, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Acosta-Martinez, V (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM veronica.acosta-martinez@ars.usda.gov RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012 NR 71 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 25 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 74 IS 4 BP 1181 EP 1192 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0065 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 618NW UT WOS:000279363600012 ER PT J AU Watts, DB Torbert, HA Prior, SA Huluka, G AF Watts, Dexter B. Torbert, H. Allen Prior, Stephen A. Huluka, Gobena TI Long-Term Tillage and Poultry Litter Impacts Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization and Fertility SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPOST APPLICATIONS; ORGANIC-MATTER; BROILER LITTER; CROP-ROTATION; CONTINUOUS SORGHUM; FALLOW ROTATION; MANAGEMENT; WHEAT AB Long-term tillage and manure application can alter a soil's ability to sequester nutrients and mineralize C and N. A laboratory incubation study (C and N mineralization) evaluated the long-term impact of poultry litter (PL) application (>10 yr) and tillage practice (>25 yr). Soil chemical properties (pH, total C, total N, and Mehlich-1 extractable P, K, Ca, and Mg) were also assessed. Soil was collected (0-5-, 5-10-, and 10-20-cm depths) from continuous soybean [Glycine max (L.) Mere.] and corn (Zea mays L.) systems managed under conventional tillage (CT) or no-till (NT) with either PL or inorganic fertilizer (IF) applications. The study was located in northeast Alabama on a Hartsells fine sandy loam (a fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Hapludult). Poultry litter and NT increased soil nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg), primarily at the 0- to 5-cm depth. No-till concentrated nutrients near the soil surface as opposed to the more even distribution seen under CT. The NT-PL treatment had higher soil C for corn and soybean (2.25 and 1.83 g kg(-1) C, respectively), followed by NT-IF (1.73 and 1.11 g kg(-1) C, respectively). Carbon and N mineralization was higher at the 0- to 5-cm depth for NT and CT compared with lower depths. Long-term PL application increased C and N mineralization more than IF. As depth increased, more C and N mineralization occurred under CT due to plow layer mixing. Results indicated that long-term tillage with PL application can increase soil C and N mineralization, nutrient retention, and organic matter. C1 [Watts, Dexter B.; Torbert, H. Allen; Prior, Stephen A.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Huluka, Gobena] Auburn Univ, Dep Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Watts, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM Dexter.Watts@ars.usda.gov NR 62 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 20 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 74 IS 4 BP 1239 EP 1247 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0415 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 618NW UT WOS:000279363600018 ER PT J AU Lentz, RD Westermann, DT AF Lentz, R. D. Westermann, D. T. TI Managing Runoff Water Quality from Recently Manured, Furrow-Irrigated Fields SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; FERTILIZER APPLICATION; PERENNIAL PASTURE; SEDIMENT LOSSES; NUTRIENT; EROSION; POLYACRYLAMIDE; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; TILLAGE AB Nutrient losses in furrow irrigation runoff potentially increase when soils are amended with manure. We evaluated the effects of tillage, water-soluble polyacrylamide (WSPAM), and irrigation management on runoff water quality during the first furrow irrigation on a calcareous silt loam soil that had received 45 Mg ha(-1) (dry wt.) dairy manure applied in the fall. In Exp. 1, the amended soil was rototilled and irrigated that fall; furrow inflows were either treated with 10 mg L(-1) WSPAM injected into furrow inflows only during furrow advance (Fall-WSPAM), or were untreated (Fall-Control). In Exp. 2, the first irrigation on the amended soil was delayed until the following spring and treatments included rototilled WSPAM (Spring-WSPAM), with WSPAM applied as in Exp. 1, and untreated rototilled (Spring-Control) or moldboard-plowed soils (Spring-Plow). Experiment 3 also delayed irrigation until spring and compared conventional vs. buried lateral furrow irrigation systems. We measured sediment, dissolved organic C (DOC), NO(3)-N, NH(4)-N, dissolved reactive P (DRP), and total P (TP) concentrations in irrigation furrow runoff. Runoff mass losses from Fall-Control furrows were relatively large: sediment, 4505 kg ha-1; DOC, 10.7 kg ha(-1); NO(3)-N, 28.1 g ha(-1); NH(4)-N, 68.1 g ha(-1); DRP, 132 g ha(-1); and TP, 3381 g ha(-1). Delaying the first irrigation until spring or treating the fall irrigation with WSPAM reduced runoff component losses by 80 to 100% relative to Fall-Control. The Spring-Plow treatment reduced runoff DRP mass losses by similar to 60% compared with Spring-Control. The buried lateral furrow system decreased runoff mass losses for sediment, DOC, and TP by >80% relative to conventional irrigation. This research demonstrated that several management practices may be successfully used to substantially reduce offsite nutrient transport during the first irrigation on furrow-irrigated, manure-amended fields. C1 [Lentz, R. D.; Westermann, D. T.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Resear Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Lentz, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Resear Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM rick.lentz@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 74 IS 4 BP 1310 EP 1319 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0440 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 618NW UT WOS:000279363600025 ER PT J AU Van Klaveren, RW McCool, DK AF Van Klaveren, Richard W. McCool, Donald K. TI Freeze-Thaw and Water Tension Effects on Soil Detachment SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FINE SANDY LOAM; GROUND COVER; AGGREGATE STABILITY; RILL EROSION; FROST ACTION; FROZEN SOIL; COMPACTION; RUNOFF; SEDIMENT; STRENGTH AB Many areas of the northern United States and southern Canada, and particularly the 4 million ha of unirrigated cropland of the Northwestern Wheat and Range Region in the United States, experience severe water erosion under thawing soil conditions. Modeling soil erosion in these areas is hampered by a lack of knowledge of the relation of soil properties and moisture conditions to hydraulic resistance of thawing soils. This study was conducted to determine hydraulic and erodibility parameters of frozen and thawed soil under controlled moisture tension. A tilting flume was designed and constructed to allow near-natural freezing and thawing of a soil mass and to apply shear stress from flowing water. Flow tests were conducted for 90 min under soil moisture tensions of 50, 150, and 450 mm. A linear relationship was found between detachment and applied shear stress at a given time and moisture tension. Critical shear stress values showed little change with time. Rill erodibility decreased with increased soil moisture tension but changed more rapidly during tests at 50- and 150-mm tension. At 50-mm tension, the time-average erodibility, 689 g N(-1) min(-1), was about the same, and the critical shear value, 1.53 N m(-2), about 60% of that found in tests of a similar Palouse silt loam soil tested under 50-mm tension without freezing. This study adds to the body of knowledge that indicates that the transient nature of rill erodibility during soil freezing and thawing should be considered to improve the accuracy of continuous simulation erosion models for winter conditions. C1 [McCool, Donald K.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS PWA, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Van Klaveren, Richard W.] USDA NRCS, Hayden, ID 83835 USA. RP McCool, DK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS PWA, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dkmccool@wsu.edu NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 19 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 74 IS 4 BP 1327 EP 1338 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0360 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 618NW UT WOS:000279363600027 ER PT J AU Anders, MM Beck, PA Watkins, BK Gunter, SA Lusby, KS Hubbell, DS AF Anders, M. M. Beck, P. A. Watkins, B. K. Gunter, S. A. Lusby, K. S. Hubbell, D. S. TI Soil Aggregates and their Associated Carbon and Nitrogen Content in Winter Annual Pastures SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NATIVE GRASSLAND SOILS; ORGANIC-MATTER; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; NO-TILLAGE; CONVENTIONAL-TILLAGE; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; CULTIVATED SOILS; SURFACE SOIL; SYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT AB Winter annual pastures are traditionally established using traditional tillage (TT) on grazing areas that are steeply sloping and not suitable for row-crop production. This leads to increased erosion and rapid soil degradation. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of tillage intensity on water-stable soil aggregates (WSA), their C and N content, and soil bulk density (BD). The study consisted of three tillage treatments; TT, disk tillage (DT), and no-tillage (NT). Total WSA was greater in the 0- to 5-cm soil layer than the 5- to 10-cm layer for the DT and NT treatments, but was similar in the IT treatment. Mean WSA in the four largest aggregate size classes was greatest in the 0- to 5-cm soil layer but similar for both sample depths in the smallest size class. As aggregate size decreased, relative aggregate content at the toeslope position increased. For all tillage treatments and soil depths, mean WSA decreased from the largest size class (>4 mm) to the next size class (4-2 mm), and increased thereafter as aggregate size decreased. Soil BD was unaffected by tillage treatment. Water-stable aggregate C and N content and weights were equivalent in the DT and NT treatments and greater than the IT treatment. Winter annual grass production using DT or NT practices is a viable means of maintaining or enhancing soil quality. C1 [Anders, M. M.; Watkins, B. K.] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Beck, P. A.] Univ Arkansas, SW Res & Extens Ctr, Hope, AR 71801 USA. [Gunter, S. A.] USDA So Plains Range, Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. [Lusby, K. S.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Hubbell, D. S.] Univ Arkansas, Livestock & Forestry Branch Stn, Batesville, AR 72501 USA. RP Anders, MM (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Hwy 130E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM rrec_manders@futura.net FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Coop. State Res., Education and Ext. Serv. [2005-35101-15344] FX This project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Coop. State Res., Education and Ext. Serv. Grant no. 2005-35101-15344. We wish to express our appreciation to Danny McCarty and Torn Hess for their technical assistance in this study. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 74 IS 4 BP 1339 EP 1347 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0280 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 618NW UT WOS:000279363600028 ER PT J AU Shogren, RL Biswas, A Willett, JL AF Shogren, Randal L. Biswas, Atanu Willett, Julious L. TI Preparation and physical properties of maltodextrin stearates of low to high degree of substitution SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article DE Ionic liquid; Liquid crystalline; Starch stearate ID HIGHER FATTY ESTERS; ACID-ESTERS; STARCH; LIQUID; SOLVENT; DERIVATIVES; ACYLATION; AMYLOSE AB Maltodextrin stearates of degree of substitution (DS) 0.07-2 40 were prepared by heating dry maltodextrin and vinyl stearate in the ionic liquid BMIM dca at 75 degrees C Stearates of low DS (0 07) were insoluble in water but formed a gel and absorbed over seven times their weight of water Stearates with high DS (2 4) were soluble in chloroform or toluene and had a high degree of swelling in hydrocarbons such as hexane Films cast from maltodextrin stearates had water contact angles of 84-93 degrees, indicating a very hydrophobic surface. X-ray diffraction and DSC of DS >0.6 indicated some short-range crystallization of the stearate side chains Optical birefringence was noted at moderate to high DS, suggesting liquid crystal formation Maltodextrin stearates of DS similar to 0.6 showed intense birefringence resembling starch granules in DMSO while cholesteric liquid crystalline behavior was observed in toluene (reflected blue light) Blue light reflection disappeared on heating to >60-80 degrees C then reformed on cooling These results suggest that starch stearates have some interesting structural ordering and have potential applications as water absorbents, hydrocarbon/oil absorbents, water resistant coatings. and liquid crystalline materials C1 [Shogren, Randal L.; Biswas, Atanu; Willett, Julious L.] ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Shogren, RL (reprint author), ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD JUL PY 2010 VL 62 IS 7 BP 333 EP 340 DI 10.1002/star.200900220 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 635CG UT WOS:000280632600001 ER PT J AU Cranston, KA Hurwitz, B Sanderson, MJ Ware, D Wing, RA Stein, L AF Cranston, Karen A. Hurwitz, Bonnie Sanderson, Michael J. Ware, Doreen Wing, Rod A. Stein, Lincoln TI Phylogenomic Analysis of BAC-end Sequence Libraries in Oryza (Poaceae) SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE BAC-end sequencing; gene trees; missing data; Oryza; Phylogenomics; rice ID GENE TREES; SPECIES TREES; RICE GENOME; SATIVA L.; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; NUCLEOTIDE VARIATION; MULTILOCUS ANALYSIS; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE AB Analyses of genome scale data sets ale beginning to clarity the phylogenetic relationships of species with complex evolutionary histories Broad sampling across many genes allows for both large concatenated data sets to improve genome-scale phylogenetic resolution and also for independent analysis of gene trees and detection of phylogenetic incongruence Recent sequencing projects in Oryza sativa nd its wild relatives have positioned rice as a model system for such "phylogenomic" studies We describe the assembly of a phylogenomic data set from 800,000 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) end sequences, producing an alignment of 24 million nucleotides for 10 diploid species of Oryza A supermatrix approach confirms the broad outline of previous phylogenehc studies, although the nonphylogenetic signal and high levels of missing data must be handled carefully Phylogenetic analysis of 12 chromosomes and nearly 2,000 genes finds strikingly high levels of incongruence across different genomic scales, a result that is likely to apply to other low-level phylogenies in plants We conclude that there is great potential for phylogenehc inference using data from next-generation sequencing protocols but that attention to methodological issues arising inevitably in these data sets is critical C1 [Cranston, Karen A.; Hurwitz, Bonnie; Sanderson, Michael J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hurwitz, Bonnie; Ware, Doreen; Stein, Lincoln] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Sanderson, Michael J.; Wing, Rod A.] Univ Arizona, Inst BIO5, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cranston, Karen A.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Biodivers Synth Ctr, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Ware, Doreen] Univ Arizona, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, ARS, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Wing, Rod A.] Univ Arizona, Arizona Genom Inst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Wing, Rod A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Stein, Lincoln] Ontario Inst Canc Res, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada. RP Cranston, KA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. OI Cranston, Karen Ann/0000-0002-4798-9499; Wing, Rod/0000-0001-6633-6226 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [0321678, DBI-0321678]; USDA-ARS; Bud Antle Endowed Chair FX We thank Alexei Stamatakis for discussions about RaxML, and Derrick Zwickl for dicussions about Garh We thank the OM A P team for insights on the construction and analysis of this data set BH, LS, and DW gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Division of Biological Infrastructure grant #0321678 and DW acknowledges support from USDA-ARS This work was also supported by NSF grants to MJS and NSF grants DBI-0321678 (to RAW and LS) and the Bud Antle Endowed Chair (to RAW) NR 79 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI LARAMIE PA UNIV WYOMING, DEPT BOTANY 3165, 1000 E UNIVERSITY AVE, LARAMIE, WY 82071 USA SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 35 IS 3 BP 512 EP 523 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 647MS UT WOS:000281623200007 ER PT J AU Bel, PD Xu, BG AF Bel, Patricia Damian Xu, Bugao TI Fiber Longitudinal Measurements for Predicting White Speck Contents of Dyed Cotton Fabrics SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE convolution; cotton maturity; cross-sections; image analysis; translucence; white specks ID IMAGE-ANALYSIS; MATURITY AB Fiber Image Analysis System (FIAS)(2) was developed to provide an automatic method for measuring cotton maturity from fiber snippets or cross-sections. An uncombed cotton bundle is chopped and sprayed on a microscopic slide. The snippets are imaged sequentially on a microscope and measured with customized image analysis software. Cotton maturity is assessed from fiber width variability (convolution) and intensity (translucency) of fiber ribbons. The highly translucent fibers are labeled by the system as 'dead' fiber. Dead fibers are the main source of nep formation, causing dye defects, known as white specks, in finished fabrics. This work compared the fiber longitudinal measurements with white speck data of 16 different cottons, and studied the possibility of establishing a predictive equation for white speck contents from bale fiber samples. The main advantages of using the longitudinal FIAS test are that it can more readily detect dead and immature fibers and takes much less time in preparing sample slides than the cross-sectional FIAS test. C1 [Bel, Patricia Damian] ARS, SRRC, USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. [Xu, Bugao] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Xu, BG (reprint author), 1 Univ Stn A2700, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM bxu@mail.utexas.edu FU United States Agriculture Department [2003-35504-12855]; Cotton Incorporated FX The research was partially supported by the National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program of the United States Agriculture Department (Grant 2003-35504-12855), and Cotton Incorporated. We would like to thank Dr. Devron Thibodeaux, USDA Cotton Research Lab at Clemson, SC, for the cross-section data of the 16 cottons used in the study, and Ms. Mia Schexnayder for operating FIAS to collect the longitudinal data of the cottons. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 80 IS 11 BP 1047 EP 1055 DI 10.1177/0040517509352516 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 608RX UT WOS:000278604800006 ER PT J AU Knothe, G AF Knothe, Gerhard TI Biodiesel: Current Trends and Properties SO TOPICS IN CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; Fatty esters; Fuel properties; Algae; Genetic modification; Microbiology; Vegetable oils ID LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; STERYL GLUCOSIDES; METHYL-ESTERS; DIESEL FUEL; ENZYMATIC TRANSESTERIFICATION; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS; BIOFUEL PRODUCTION; VEGETABLE-OILS; ACID CATALYSIS; FATTY ESTERS AB Biodiesel, an alternative to petroleum-derived diesel fuel, is defined as the mono-alkyl esters of vegetable oils and animal fats. Several current issues affecting biodiesel that are briefly discussed include the role of new feedstocks in meeting increased demand for biodiesel and circumventing the food versus fuel issue, biodiesel production, as well as fuel properties and their improvement. C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM gerhard.knothe@ars.usda.gov NR 83 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1022-5528 J9 TOP CATAL JI Top. Catal. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 53 IS 11-12 BP 714 EP 720 DI 10.1007/s11244-010-9457-0 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 602SR UT WOS:000278159600002 ER PT J AU Schreider, J Barrow, C Birchfield, N Dearfield, K Devlin, D Henry, S Kramer, M Schappelle, S Solomon, K Weed, DL Embry, MR AF Schreider, Jay Barrow, Craig Birchfield, Norman Dearfield, Kerry Devlin, Dennis Henry, Sara Kramer, Melissa Schappelle, Seema Solomon, Keith Weed, Douglas L. Embry, Michelle R. TI Enhancing the Credibility of Decisions Based on Scientific Conclusions: Transparency Is Imperative SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material DE transparency; credibility; risk assessment; scientific integrity; criteria AB Transparency and documentation of the decision process are at the core of a credible risk assessment and, in addition, are essential in the presentation of a weight of evidence (WoE) based approach. Lack of confidence in the risk assessment process (as the basis for a risk management decision), beginning with evaluation of raw data and continuing through the risk decision process, is largely because of issues surrounding transparency. There is a critical need to implement greater transparency throughout the risk assessment process, and although doing so will not guarantee the correctness of the risk assessment or that all risk assessors come up with the same conclusions, it will provide essential information on how a particular conclusion or decision was made, thereby increasing confidence in the conclusions. Recognizing this issue, the International Life Sciences Institute Health and Environmental Sciences Institute convened a multi-sector committee tasked with discussing this issue and examining existing guidance and recommendations related to transparency in risk assessment. The committee concluded that transparency is inextricably linked to credibility: credibility of the data, credibility of the risk assessment process, and credibility of the resulting decision making. To increase this credibility, existing guidance concerning criteria elements of transparency related to the risk assessment process must be more widely disseminated and applied, and raw data for studies used in human health and environmental risk assessment must be more widely available. Finally, the decision-making process in risk management must be better documented and a guidance framework established for both the process itself and its communication to the public. C1 [Schreider, Jay] Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Dept Pesticide Regulat, Sacramento, CA 95812 USA. [Barrow, Craig] Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol Environm Res & Consulting, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Birchfield, Norman; Kramer, Melissa; Schappelle, Seema] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Dearfield, Kerry] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Devlin, Dennis] ExxonMobil Biomed Sci Inc, Toxicol & Environm Sci, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. [Henry, Sara] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Solomon, Keith] Univ Guelph, Ctr Toxicol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Weed, Douglas L.] DLW Consulting Serv LLC, Kensington, MD 20895 USA. [Embry, Michelle R.] ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Embry, MR (reprint author), ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, 1156 15th St NW, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM membry@ilsi.org NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 116 IS 1 BP 5 EP 7 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfq102 PG 3 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 617XZ UT WOS:000279316500002 PM 20363830 ER PT J AU Schrader, KK AF Schrader, Kevin K. TI Plant Natural Compounds with Antibacterial Activity towards Common Pathogens of Pond-Cultured Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) SO TOXINS LA English DT Article DE antibacterial; channel catfish; chelerythrine; columnaris; ellagic acid; enteric septicemia of catfish; beta-glycyrrhetinic acid; sorgoleone; therapeutant; wogonin AB The bacteria Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium columnare cause enteric septicemia and columnaris disease, respectively, in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Natural therapeutants may provide an alternative to current management approaches used by producers. In this study, a rapid bioassay identified plant compounds as potential therapeutants. Chelerythrine chloride and ellagic acid were the most toxic toward E. ictaluri, with 24-h IC50 of 7.3 mg/L and 15.1 mg/L, respectively, and MIC of 2.1 mg/L and 6.5 mg/L, respectively. Chelerythrine chloride, ellagic acid, beta-glycyrrhetinic acid, sorgoleone, and wogonin were the most toxic towards two genomovars of F. columnare, and wogonin had the strongest antibacterial activity (MIC = 0.3 mg/L). C1 Univ Mississippi, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res,ARS, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Schrader, KK (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res,ARS, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kevin.schrader@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 5 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6651 J9 TOXINS JI Toxins PD JUL PY 2010 VL 2 IS 7 BP 1676 EP 1689 DI 10.3390/toxins2071676 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA V24UK UT WOS:000208435100004 PM 22069655 ER PT J AU Koel, TM Kerans, BL Barras, SC Hanson, KC Wood, JS AF Koel, Todd M. Kerans, Billie L. Barras, Scott C. Hanson, Katie C. Wood, John S. TI Avian Piscivores as Vectors for Myxobolus cerebralis in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN WHITE PELICANS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SALMONID WHIRLING DISEASE; BLUE HERON PREDATION; TUBIFEX-TUBIFEX; RAINBOW-TROUT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; MYXOSOMA-CEREBRALIS; WATER TEMPERATURE; TRIACTINOMYXON PRODUCTION AB Myxobolus cerebralis, the cause of whirling disease in salmonids, has dispersed to waters in 25 states within the USA, often by an unknown vector. Its incidence in Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri within the highly protected environment of Yellowstone Lake, Yellowstone National Park, is a prime example. Given the local abundances of piscivorous birds, we sought to clarify their potential role in the dissemination of M. cerebralis. Six individuals from each of three bird species (American white pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, double-crested cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus, and great blue heron Ardea herodias) were fed known-infected or uninfected rainbow trout O. mykiss. Fecal material produced during 10-d periods before and after feeding was collected to determine whether M. cerebralis could be detected and, if so, whether it remained viable after passage through the gastrointestinal tract of these birds. For all (100%) of the nine birds fed known-infected fish, fecal samples collected during days 1-4 after feeding tested positive for M. cerebralis by polymerase chain reaction. In addition, tubificid worms Tubifex tubifex that were fed fecal material from known-infected great blue herons produced triactinomyxons in laboratory cultures, confirming the persistent viability of the parasite. No triactinomyxons were produced from T. tubifex fed fecal material from known-infected American white pelicans or double-crested cormorants, indicating a potential loss of parasite viability in these species. Great blue herons have the ability to concentrate and release viable myxospores into shallow-water habitats that are highly suitable for T. tubifex, thereby supporting a positive feedback loop in which the proliferation of M. cerebralis is enhanced. The presence of avian piscivores as an important component of aquatic ecosystems should continue to be supported. However, given the distances traveled by great blue herons between rookeries and foraging areas in just days, any practices that unnaturally attract them may heighten the probability of M. cerebralis dispersal and proliferation within the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. C1 [Koel, Todd M.] Natl Pk Serv, Ctr Resources, Fisheries & Aquat Sci Program, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. [Kerans, Billie L.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Barras, Scott C.; Hanson, Katie C.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Mississippi Field Stn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Wood, John S.] Pisces Mol LLC, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Koel, TM (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Ctr Resources, Fisheries & Aquat Sci Program, POB 168, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. EM todd_koel@nps.gov OI Hanson-Dorr, Katie/0000-0003-4559-938X FU Wild Trout Laboratory FX T. Pruitt (Ennis National Fish Hatchery) kindly provided rainbow trout that were exposed to M. cerebralis by C. Fraser (formerly of the Montana Water Center). Special thanks to T. Kucherka (Wild Trout Laboratory) for his support and patience as we conducted this study. J. Alexander (Montana State University) greatly assisted with shipment of fish. R. Kolecki and D. Smeltzer (Colorado Division of Wildlife) provided rainbow trout and guidance on their care. Collection, handling, and feeding of birds would not have been possible without the dedication and effort of P. Fioranelli, S. Lemmons, R. Singleton, and S. Woodruff. S. Werner, N. Morrison, S. Tupper, and G. Gathright provided invaluable logistical support. This manuscript is written in fond memory of C. Brooke, who provided much-appreciated, dedicated oversight of tubificid feeding trials at the Department of Ecology laboratory, Montana State University. The research and animal care protocols were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the USDA APHIS National Wildlife Research Center (G. Gathright, attending veterinarian). NR 94 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 139 IS 4 BP 976 EP 988 DI 10.1577/T09-051.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 625FI UT WOS:000279879700006 ER PT J AU Al-Chokhachy, R Roper, BB Archer, EK AF Al-Chokhachy, Robert Roper, Brett B. Archer, Eric K. TI Evaluating the Status and Trends of Physical Stream Habitat in Headwater Streams within the Interior Columbia River and Upper Missouri River Basins Using an Index Approach SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NONNATIVE BROOK TROUT; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; FISH-BASED INDEX; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; BULL TROUT; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; ECOLOGICAL CONDITION; RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS; STATISTICAL POWER; GIANT SALAMANDERS AB Identifying the overall status of freshwater streams is an important step in evaluating effects of land management and prioritizing restoration activities. To address these needs, we developed an index of physical habitat condition for headwater streams based on physical stream habitat data (2003-2007) and evaluated the condition status of 217 reference streams and 934 managed streams in the interior Columbia River and upper Missouri River basins. We used data collected from reference reaches to generate this index, which consisted of eight commonly collected metrics used in stream habitat monitoring. We incorporated landscape and climatic covariates into multiple linear regression analyses to control for inherent differences in physical habitat attributes among reaches, and we scored the overall condition of reaches with index values ranging from 0 to 100. Our results indicated that the condition index score of physical habitat was significantly higher in reference reaches (mean +/- SE 47.1 +/- 1.4) than in managed reaches (30.4 +/- 0.7); relative to reference reaches, a greater frequency of managed reaches had low habitat condition and a lower frequency of managed reaches had high habitat condition. Analyses evaluating the relationship between management activities and the condition of physical habitat in streams indicated a significant negative relationship with lower index scores in stream reaches within catchments containing higher densities of roads. When roads and livestock grazing occurred within catchments, we found the presence of grazing had an additional, significant negative effect on the relationship between road density and the condition of physical habitat of streams. Our results suggested that once natural variability and geoclimatic differences among reaches are accounted for, a multimetric index approach can provide managers with an easily interpretable tool to monitor the status of the overall condition of physical habitat. C1 [Al-Chokhachy, Robert; Roper, Brett B.; Archer, Eric K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Al-Chokhachy, R (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 860 North 1200 East, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM ralchokhachy@fs.fed.us RI Roper, Brett/F-2891-2010; Al-Chokhachy, Robert/F-2894-2010 FU U.S. Forest Service regions 1, 4, and 6; BLM offices in Oregon-Washington and Idaho FX We thank the extensive list of summer field technicians who collected the data for these analyses; Jeremiah Heitke, Ryan Leary, and Tim Romano (USFS) for logistical support and technical guidance; and the inputs of four anonymous reviewers. U.S. Forest Service regions 1, 4, and 6 and BLM offices in Oregon-Washington and Idaho provided funding for this project. We received statistical guidance from statistician Dave Turner (USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station). NR 112 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 139 IS 4 BP 1041 EP 1059 DI 10.1577/T08-221.1 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 625FI UT WOS:000279879700011 ER PT J AU Mudgal, A Baffaut, C Anderson, SH Sadler, EJ Thompson, AL AF Mudgal, A. Baffaut, C. Anderson, S. H. Sadler, E. J. Thompson, A. L. TI APEX MODEL ASSESSMENT OF VARIABLE LANDSCAPES ON RUNOFF AND DISSOLVED HERBICIDES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE APEX; Atrazine; Backslope; Critical areas; Footslope; Landscape position; Landscape sequence; Runoff; Summit ID SOIL ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CLAYPAN-SOIL; WATER-QUALITY; EROSION; SIMULATION; SYSTEMS; POINT; TEXAS AB Variability in soil landscapes and their associated properties can have significant effects on erosion and deposition processes that affect runoff and transport of pesticides. Simulation models are one way in which the effects of landscapes on these processes can be assessed. This simulation study evaluated the effects of variations in landscape position on runoff and dissolved atrazine utilizing a calibrated farm- and field-scale Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) model. Twelve agricultural plots (18 m x 189 m) in the Goodwater Creek watershed, a 7250 ha agricultural area in north-central Missouri, were simulated. Plots were treated with three tillage and herbicide management systems for two grain crop rotations. Each plot contained three landscape positions (summit, backslope, and footslope) along with two transition zones. Runoff was measured and samples were collected from 1997 to 2002 during the corn year of the crop rotations. Runoff samples were analyzed for dissolved atrazine. The model was calibrated and validated for each plot with event data from 1997 to 1999 and from 2000 to 2002, respectively. APEX reasonably simulated runoff and dissolved atrazine concentrations, with coefficients of determination (r(2)) values ranging from 0.52 to 0.98 and from 0.52 to 0.97, and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) values ranging from 0.46 10 0.94 and from 0.45 to 0.86 for calibration and validation, respectively. The calibrated model was then used to simulate variable sequencing of landscape positions and associated soil properties as well as variable lengths of landscape positions. Simulated results indicated that the runoff and the atrazine load at the plot outlet increased when the backslope length increased while keeping the steepness constant. The maximum simulated runoff among different sequences of landscape positions occurred when the backslope position was located adjacent to the outlet. Results from this study will be helpful to managers in placement of conservation practices on sensitive landscapes for improvement in water quality. C1 [Baffaut, C.; Sadler, E. J.] ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Mudgal, A.; Anderson, S. H.] Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Thompson, A. L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Columbia, MO USA. RP Baffaut, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Claire.Baffaut@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1047 EP 1058 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 654UZ UT WOS:000282197700004 ER PT J AU Zhu, X Risse, LM McCutcheon, SC Tollner, EW Rasmussen, TC West, LT AF Zhu, X. Risse, L. M. McCutcheon, S. C. Tollner, E. W. Rasmussen, T. C. West, L. T. TI LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF RILL EROSION ON COMPOST BLANKETS UNDER CONCENTRATED FLOW CONDITIONS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Compost blanket; Concentrated flow; Critical shear stress; Erosion control; Micro-dams; Shear stress model ID HIGHWAY EMBANKMENTS; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; SOLID-WASTE; SOIL; ORGANICS; WATER; HYDRAULICS; VEGETATION; STRAW AB A flume study was conducted using a soil, yard waste compost, and an erosion control compost to investigate the response to concentrated flow and determine if the shear stress model could be used to describe the response. Yard waste compost (YWC) and the bare Cecil soil (CS) control responded to concentrated laboratory runoff similarly in rill formation, and the shear stress model was useful in estimating sediment yields from both of these land covers. Results indicated that critical shear stress values for yard waste compost and Cecil soil were not significantly different. However, the erodibility of the soil was higher, resulting in increased solids loss, on the Cecil soil. Micro-dams, the main mechanism for limiting soil erosion for the compost, often occurred in the rills of the erosion control compost (ECC), causing the concentrated flow to infiltrate and fan out through the compost. Since flow could not be maintained in the rill, parameters for the stress model could not be determined for the erosion control compost. C1 [Zhu, X.] Univ Georgia, Driftmier Engn Ctr, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [McCutcheon, S. C.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. [Rasmussen, T. C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Warmell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [West, L. T.] USDA, NRCE Soil Survey Res & Lab, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Zhu, X (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Driftmier Engn Ctr, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM zxbenz@uga.edu FU Georgia Water Resource Institute FX The authors would like to thank the Georgia Water Resource Institute for funding this research project and Dr. Britt Faucette from Filtrexx International, LLC, for providing erosion control compost for this project. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development collaborated in this research. The manuscript has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1077 EP 1086 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 654UZ UT WOS:000282197700006 ER PT J AU Lascano, RJ van Bavel, CHM Evett, SR AF Lascano, R. J. van Bavel, C. H. M. Evett, S. R. TI A FIELD TEST OF RECURSIVE CALCULATION OF CROP EVAPOTRANSPIRATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Alfalfa; Canopy resistance; Crop water use; Energy balance; ET estimation methods; Evapotranspiration; Penman-Monteith ID PENMAN-MONTEITH EQUATION; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CANOPY RESISTANCE; LYSIMETERS; DEPENDENCE; RESPONSES; ALFALFA; CLIMATE; HEAT; FLUX AB Unlike the Penman and Penman-Monteith methods, recursive calculation of crop evapotranspiration (ET) is a combination method that makes no assumption regarding the temperature and saturation humidity at the evaporating surface. Our objective was to experimentally verify a recursive calculation of crop ET It was tested on an hourly and daily basis using data from Bushland, Texas, and on a daily basis with data from Tempe, Arizona, both on a well-watered alfalfa crop. In both locations, ET was measured half-hourly with lysimeters accurate to 0.05 mm. In Bushland, hourly amounts of ET were calculated from the hourly weather data using the recursive method with a root mean squared difference (RMSD) of 0.05 mm averaged over four days; and daily ET calculations using daily data for 26 days resulted in an RMSD of 0.75 mm. The sum of 26 daily-calculated values of ET was found to be within 7 mm of the measured amount. In Tempe, daily ET was also calculated with the same recursive formula from daily weather data for a period of 20 days after a flood irrigation that kept the crop well watered. The RMSD of daily ET was 0.8 mm, and the calculated total amount of ET over 20 days was within 2 mm of the measured value. We conclude that an iterative formulation provides good accuracy for calculating ET of well-watered alfalfa and that similar studies with other irrigated crops grown in hot and dry climates are needed. C1 [Lascano, R. J.] ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [van Bavel, C. H. M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Evett, S. R.] ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX USA. RP Lascano, RJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst Res Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM Robert.Lascano@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1117 EP 1126 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 654UZ UT WOS:000282197700009 ER PT J AU Huang, M Lu, R AF Huang, M. Lu, R. TI OPTIMAL WAVELENGTH SELECTION FOR HYPERSPECTRAL SCATTERING PREDICTION OF APPLE FIRMNESS AND SOLUBLE SOLIDS CONTENT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Apple; Firmness; Fruit; Hierarchical evolutionary algorithm; Hyperspectral scattering; Nondestructive sensing; Partial least squares; Soluble solids content; Subspace decomposition ID HIERARCHICAL EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHM; FRUIT FIRMNESS; DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; GENETIC ALGORITHMS; IMAGES; PLS AB Hyperspectral scattering is a promising technique for nondestructive quality measurement of apple fruit, and extraction of the most useful information from the hyperspectral scattering data is critical for accurate assessment of fruit firmness and soluble solids content (SSC). In this article, a hierarchical evolutionary algorithm (HEA) approach coupled with subspace decomposition and partial least squares regression is proposed to select the optimal wavelengths from hyperspectral scattering profiles of 'Golden Delicious' apples for predicting fruit firmness and SSC. Six hundred apples were tested in the experiment, 400 of which were used for calibration and the remaining 200 apples for validation. Seventeen optimal wavelengths were selected for firmness prediction, which nearly spanned the entire spectral range of 500 to 1000 Inn, and 16 optimal wavelengths, all of which were above 600 nm, were selected in the SSC prediction model. The model using the 17 optimal wavelengths for predicting firmness yielded better results (r = 0.857, root mean square error of prediction or RMSEP = 6.2 N) than the full spectrum model (r = 0.848, RMSEP = 6.4 N). For predicting SSC the model using the 16 optimal wavelengths also yielded better results (r = 0.822, RMSEP = 0.78%) than the full spectrum model (r = 0.802, RMSEP = 0.83%). The HEA approach provided an effective means for optimal wavelength selection and improved the prediction of firmness and SSC in apples compared with the approach using the full spectrum. C1 [Lu, R.] Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Huang, M.] Jiangnan Univ, Sch Commun & Control Engn, Wuxi, Jiangsu Prov, Peoples R China. RP Lu, R (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, 224 Farrall Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM renfu.lu@ars.usda.gov FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [60805014]; Basic Research Funds for Core Universities [JUSRP20913] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Diwan Ariana, Ms. Haiyan Cen, Ms. Chenglu Wen, and Mr. Benjamin Bailey for their technical support and advice for this research. Dr. Min Huang gratefully acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60805014) and the Basic Research Funds for Core Universities (Grant No. JUSRP20913). NR 20 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1175 EP 1182 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 654UZ UT WOS:000282197700015 ER PT J AU Boac, JM Casada, ME Maghirang, RG Harner, JP AF Boac, J. M. Casada, M. E. Maghirang, R. G. Harner, J. P., III TI MATERIAL AND INTERACTION PROPERTIES OF SELECTED GRAINS AND OILSEEDS FOR MODELING DISCRETE PARTICLES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Barley; Canola; Corn; Discrete element method; Interaction properties; Material properties; Multi-sphere particle; Oats; Rice; Simulation; Single-sphere particle; Sorghum; Soybeans; Sunflower; Wheat ID FOOD PARTICULATE MATERIALS; ELEMENT SIMULATIONS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; COUNTRY ELEVATOR; MOISTURE-CONTENT; GRANULAR MEDIA; FLOW; DEFORMATION; ANGLE AB Experimental investigations of grain flow can be expensive and time consuming, but computer simulations can reduce the large effort required to evaluate the flow of grain in handling operations. Published data on material and interaction properties of selected grains and oilseeds relevant to discrete element method (DEM) modeling were reviewed. Material properties include grain kernel shape, size, and distribution; Poisson's ratio; shear modulus; and density. Interaction properties consist of coefficients of restitution, static friction, and rolling friction. Soybeans were selected as the test material for DEM simulations to validate the model fundamentals using material and interaction properties. Single- and multi-sphere soybean particle shapes, comprised of one to four overlapping spheres, were compared based on DEM simulations of bulk properties (bulk density and bulk angle of repose) and computation time. A single-sphere particle model best simulated soybean kernels in the bulk property tests. The best particle model had a particle coefficient of restitution of 0.6, particle coefficient of static friction of 0.45 for soybean-soybean contact (0.30 for soybean-steel interaction), particle coefficient of rolling friction of 0.05, normal particle size distribution with standard deviation factor of 0.4, and particle shear modulus of 1.04 MPa. C1 [Casada, M. E.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Boac, J. M.; Maghirang, R. G.; Harner, J. P., III] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Casada, ME (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM casada@ksu.edu RI Boac, Josephine/A-4697-2012 FU USDA (CRIS) [5430-43440-005-00D]; Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station [10-092-J] FX The research was supported by the USDA (CRIS No. 5430-43440-005-00D) and Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station (Contribution No. 10-092-J). The technical advice of Dr. Oleh Baran (DEM Solutions), Dr. Christoph Hiemcke (formerly with DEM Solutions), Dr. Otis Walton (Grainflow Dynamics, Inc.), Dr. Ray Bucklin (University of Florida), and Dr. Jasper Tallada (USDA-ARS CGAHR) is highly appreciated. We also like to thank Dennis Tilley and Dr. Daniel Brabec (USDA-ARS CGAHR), Dr. William Schapaugh and Vernon Schaffer (KSU Agronomy Department), Dustin Miller and Tom Clayman (Kauffman Seeds), and the Manhattan Farmers Cooperative for soybean samples. NR 82 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1201 EP 1216 PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 654UZ UT WOS:000282197700018 ER PT J AU Rothrock, MJ Szogi, AA Vanotti, MB AF Rothrock, M. J., Jr. Szoegi, A. A. Vanotti, M. B. TI RECOVERY OF AMMONIA FROM POULTRY LITTER USING GAS-PERMEABLE MEMBRANES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Ammonia capture; Ammonia recovery; Animal waste treatment; CAFOs; Poultry litter ID LIVESTOCK OPERATIONS; EMISSIONS; HOUSES; WORKERS AB The removal and recovery of gaseous ammonia from poultry litter can benefit bird health and productivity and reduce environmental concerns of emissions front poultry production. We investigated the potential use of gas-permeable membranes as components of a new process to capture and recover ammonia in poultry houses. This process includes the passage of gaseous ammonia through a microporous hydrophobic membrane, capture with a circulating diluted acid on the other side of the membrane, and production of a concentrated ammonium salt. In bench-scale prototype testing using tubular expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membranes and a 1 N acidic solution (sulfuric acid), the technology captured and recovered 96% of the ammonia lost from poultry litter The recovery of ammonia could mimic the slow release during flock production or could be accelerated to a few days using hydrated lime amendments. The membrane manifolds can be placed close to the litter surface (above or below), reducing the exposure of the birds to ammonia. Considering that the ammonia is captured inside the houses, this technology could help reduce ventilation and energy needs to lower ammonia levels in poultry houses. The results obtained in this study show that the use of gas-permeable membrane technology could be an effective approach to recover ammonia from poultry litter. The final products are (1) cleaner air inside the poultry houses with benefits to bird health and reduced environmental emissions, and (2) a concentrated liquid nitrogen that can be re-used in agriculture as a valued fertilizer. C1 [Rothrock, M. J., Jr.; Szoegi, A. A.; Vanotti, M. B.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. RP Rothrock, MJ (reprint author), Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil Water Lab, Portage Rd, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM michael.rothrock@ars.usda.gov FU USDA [6657-13630-003-00D] FX The authors would like to thank Aprel Ellison, Jennifer Hemingway, and Kirsten Hiortdahl for their assistance in chamber fabrication, litter sample preparation, and sample analysis. This research was part of USDA-ARS National Program 206: Manure and By-Product Utilization: ARS Project 6657-13630-003-00D "Innovative Animal Manure Treatment Technologies for Enhanced Environmental Quality." NR 29 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1267 EP 1275 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 654UZ UT WOS:000282197700024 ER PT J AU Huang, Y Lan, Y Ge, Y Hoffmann, WC Thomson, SJ AF Huang, Y. Lan, Y. Ge, Y. Hoffmann, W. C. Thomson, S. J. TI SPATIAL MODELING AND VARIABILITY ANALYSIS FOR MODELING AND PREDICTION OF SOIL AND CROP CANOPY COVERAGE USING MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY FROM AN AIRBORNE REMOTE SENSING SYSTEM SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Aerial multispectral imagery; Crop management; Geostatistics; Image processing; Spatial regression ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; WEED INFESTATIONS; MANAGEMENT; REGRESSION; YIELD; INTEGRATION; ATTRIBUTES; VARIOGRAMS; MOMENTS; INDEX AB Spatial modeling and variability analysis of soil and crop canopy coverage has been accomplished using aerial multispectral images. Multispectral imagery was acquired using an MS-4100 multispectral camera at different flight altitudes over a 40 ha cotton field. After the acquired images were geo-registered and processed, spatial relationships between the aerial images and ground-based soil conductivity and NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) measurements were estimated and compared using two spatial analysis approaches (model-driven spatial regression and data-driven geostatistics) and one non-spatial approach (multiple linear regression). Comparison of the three approaches indicated that OLS (ordinary least squares) solutions from multiple linear regression models performed worst in modeling ground-based soil conductivity and NDVI with high AIC (Akaike information criterion) (-668.3 to 2980) and BIC (Bayesian information criterion) (-642.4 to 3006) values. Spatial regression and geostatistics performed much better in modeling soil conductivity, with low AIC (2698 to 2820) and BIC (2732 to 2850) values. For modeling ground-based NDVI, the AIC and BIC values were -681.7 and -652.1, respectively, for spatial error regression and -679.8 and -646.5, respectively, for geostatistics, which were only moderate improvements over OLS (-668.3 and -642.4). Validation of the geostatistical models indicated that they could predict soil conductivity much better than the corresponding multiple linear regression models, with lower RMSE (root mean squared error) values (0.096 to 0.186, compared to 0.146 to 0.306). Results indicated that the aerial images could be used for spatial modeling and prediction, and they were informative for spatial prediction of ground soil and canopy coverage variability. The methods used for this study could help deliver baseline data for crop monitoring with remote sensing and establish a procedure for general crop management. C1 [Huang, Y.; Thomson, S. J.] USDA ARS, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Lan, Y.; Hoffmann, W. C.] USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. [Ge, Y.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Huang, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM yanbo.huang@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1321 EP 1329 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 654UZ UT WOS:000282197700030 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Gamble, G Thibodeaux, D AF Liu, Y. Gamble, G. Thibodeaux, D. TI UV/VISIBLE/NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE MODELS FOR THE RAPID AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE PREDICTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF COTTON COLOR AND PHYSICAL INDICES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Color and physical properties; Cotton fiber; HVI; Near-infrared spectroscopy; Prediction and classification; UV/visible spectroscopy ID CELLULOSE FIBERS; MATURITY; SURFACE AB HVI, utilized in the cotton industry to determine the qualities and classifications of cotton fibers, is time consuming and sometimes destructive. UV/visible/NIR spectroscopy, a rapid and easy sampling technique, was investigated as a potential method for the prediction of such key cotton color and physical attributes as reflectance (Rd), yellowness (+b), micronaire, strength, mean length, upper-half mean length, short fiber index, and uniformity index. Cotton fibers were scanned in the region of 220-2200 inn, and HVI values were measured as the references. PLS regression models were individually developed and then compared for each property in three spectral ranges. The best performances for nearly all properties were obtained from the region covering the UV/visible absorptions, which was in consistent agreement with Pearson correlations from HVI data alone. On the basis of RPD value in the validation set, the suitability of UV/visible/NIR predictive models could be in the descending order of micronaire, +b, Rd, mean length, upper-half mean length, uniformity index, short fiber index, and strength. In addition, to limit the possibility of misclassification for boundary samples from the micronaire PLS model, a 3-class SIMCA/PCA model was developed and the classification efficiency was compared. The comparison indicated that the discrimination model utilizing the UV/visible region could assign one cotton fiber to an appropriate micronaire class of "Discount Range," "Base Range," or "Premium Range" with a success rate of 100% for the samples under investigation. Both prediction and classification results suggested that the UV/visible/NIR technique is an accurate means of determining fiber micronaire for cotton quality grading and classification. C1 [Liu, Y.; Gamble, G.; Thibodeaux, D.] USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, POB 792, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. EM yongliang.liu@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1341 EP 1348 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 654UZ UT WOS:000282197700032 ER PT J AU Ridpath, J AF Ridpath, Julia TI The Contribution of Infections with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Viruses to Bovine Respiratory Disease SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Bovine viral diarrhea viruses; Respiratory disease; Persistent infection; Immunosuppression; Pathogen synergy ID CONGENITAL CEREBELLAR HYPOPLASIA; MODIFIED-LIVE VIRUS; MUCOSAL-DISEASE; SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; FEEDLOT CATTLE; MYCOPLASMA-BOVIS; OCULAR LESIONS; TRACT DISEASE; DAIRY-HERD; DEGENERATION HYPOPLASIA AB The contribution of bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) to the development of bovine respiratory disease is the sum of several different factors. These factors include the contribution of acute uncomplicated BVDV infections, the high incidence of respiratory disease in animals persistently infected with BVDV, the immunosuppression that accompanies acute BVDV infections and predisposes animals to secondary infections, and the synergy resulting in increased virulence occurring in coinfections of BVDV with other pathogens. Immunosuppression, which is associated with infection with all BVDV, may have the greatest impact of these factors. Control of BVDV infections rests on reducing exposure by removing BVDV persistently infected animals, increasing herd resistance by vaccination, and instituting biocontrol methods that limit the opportunity for introduction of BVDV into herds and management units. C1 ARS, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Ridpath, J (reprint author), ARS, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 1920 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM julia.ridpath@ars.usda.gov NR 104 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 12 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-0720 J9 VET CLIN N AM-FOOD A JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Food Anim. Pract. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 26 IS 2 BP 335 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cvfa.2010.04.003 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 633EJ UT WOS:000280482000011 PM 20619188 ER PT J AU Gladue, DP Zhu, J Holinka, LG Fernandez-Sainz, I Carrillo, C Prarat, MV O'Donnell, V Borca, MV AF Gladue, Douglas P. Zhu, James Holinka, Lauren G. Fernandez-Sainz, Ignacio Carrillo, Consuelo Prarat, Melanie V. O'Donnell, Vivian Borca, Manuel V. TI Patterns of gene expression in swine macrophages infected with classical swine fever virus detected by microarray SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Classical swine fever virus; Virulence; Pathogenesis; Microarray; CSFV; Immune response ID ALTERNATIVELY ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES; GLYCOPROTEIN E-RNS; N-PRO PRODUCT; E2 GLYCOPROTEIN; STRAIN BRESCIA; VIRULENCE DETERMINANT; ANTIVIRAL RESPONSE; VIRAL REPLICATION; DNA-REPLICATION; DENDRITIC CELLS AB Infection of domestic swine with highly virulent, classical swine fever virus (CSFV) strain Brescia, causes lethal disease in all infected animals. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in modulating the host cellular processes and evasion of the immune response have not been clearly established. To gain insight into, the early host response to CSFV, we analyzed the pattern of gene expression in infected swine macrophages, using custom designed swine microarrays. Macrophages, the target cell for CSFV infection, were isolated from primary cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, allowing us to utilize identical uninfected macrophages at the same time points as CSFV-infected macrophages, allowing only genes induced by CSFV to be identified. First, microarray probes were optimized by screening 244,000 probes for hybridization with RNA from infected and uninfected macrophages. Probes that hybridized and passed quality control standards were used to design a 44,000 probe microarray for this study. Changes in expression levels of 79 genes (48 up- and 31 down-regulated) during the first 48 h post-infection were observed. As expected many of the genes with an altered pattern of expression are involved in the development of an innate immune response. Several of these genes had differential expression in an attenuated strain NS4B.VGIv, suggesting that some of these differences are responsible for virulence. The observed gene expression profile might help to explain the immunological and pathological changes associated with infection of pigs with CSFV Brescia. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Borca, Manuel V.] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, NAA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Borca, MV (reprint author), ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, NAA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM Douglas.Gladue@ars.usda.gov; James.Zhu@ars.usda.gov; Lauren.Holinka@ars.usda.gov; Ignacio.Fernandez-Sainz@ars.usda.gov; Melanie.Prarat@ars.usda.gov; Vivian.Odonnell@ars.usda.gov; manuel.borca@ars.usda.gov RI Fernandez Sainz, Ignacio/I-3046-2016; OI Prarat, Melanie/0000-0003-2953-7541; Gladue, Douglas/0000-0002-7894-0233; Borca, Manuel/0000-0002-0888-1178 NR 72 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 151 IS 1 BP 10 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.03.007 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 605JP UT WOS:000278344200002 PM 20302897 ER PT J AU Sigua, GC Palhares, JCP Kich, JD Mulinari, MR Mattei, RM Klein, JB Muller, S Plieske, G AF Sigua, Gilbert C. Pascale Palhares, Julio Cesar Kich, Jalusa Deon Mulinari, Magda Regina Mattei, Rosemari Martini Klein, Jaqueline Bianca Muller, Susana Plieske, Gustavo TI Microbiological Quality Assessment of Watershed Associated with Animal-Based Agriculture in Santa Catarina, Brazil SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Fecal coliforms; Escherichia coli; Salmonella; Water quality; Animal-based agriculture; Agricultural land use; Pinhal River watershed; Hydrology; Health risk ID BACTERIAL QUALITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LAND-USE; BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY; MICROBIAL POLLUTION; RUNOFF WATER; SURFACE; STREAM; SOIL; MANAGEMENT AB Environmental problems many times could evolve when manure-containing pathogens are distributed into an open environment with no effort made to reduce the content of pathogens or limit their movement in the environment. Wind, surface flow, and subsurface flow can all carry enough pathogens to receiving waters to exceed water quality standards. This study was conducted to assess the microbiological quality of water associated with animal-based agriculture in the sub-basin of Pinhal River located in the rural area of Concordia, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Six sampling points representing different agricultural land uses (LU1-dairy cattle; LU2-without animals; LU3-dairy + pigs + poultry + crops; LU4-pigs + poultry + crops; LU5-dairy + pigs + poultry + crops + human; and LU6-dairy+pigs+crops) along the Pinhal River sub-basin (north to south) were sampled biweekly from August 2006 to December 2008. Concentrations of fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli varied significantly (p a parts per thousand currency signaEuro parts per thousand 0.05) with land use (LU), but there was no interaction effect of LU, season, and time. Water samples from the catchment area of LU1 had the highest concentration of fecal coliforms (4,479 +/- 597 CFU ml(-1)) when compared with other catchment areas. Catchment area associated with LU2 (no animal) had the lowest concentrations of fecal coliforms (39.2 +/- 5.2 CFU ml(-1)). With the exception of LU2 (control site), all the maximum concentrations of E. coli exceeded the single maximum allowable concentration for E. coli (100 CFU ml(-1)). When LU1 was compared with other catchment areas (LU3, 50%; LU4, 67%; LU5, 58%; and LU6, 44%), it had the lowest counts (39%) of Salmonella sp. Our results suggest that spatial pattern of bacterial water quality is evident, which can be linked to the different land uses and associated practices (present or absent of animal activities). Therefore, varying responses associated with the different land uses would be critical in identifying the importance of different sources of bacteria in the catchment area and the mechanisms transferring them. C1 [Sigua, Gilbert C.] ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, USDA, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. [Pascale Palhares, Julio Cesar; Kich, Jalusa Deon; Mulinari, Magda Regina; Mattei, Rosemari Martini; Klein, Jaqueline Bianca; Muller, Susana; Plieske, Gustavo] Embrapa Swine & Poultry Res Ctr, Concordia, SC, Brazil. RP Sigua, GC (reprint author), ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, USDA, 22271 Chinsegut Hill Rd, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM gilbert.sigua@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 210 IS 1-4 BP 307 EP 316 DI 10.1007/s11270-009-0254-y PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 609YU UT WOS:000278695600028 ER PT J AU Conn, JS Werdin-Pfisterer, NR AF Conn, Jeffery S. Werdin-Pfisterer, Nancy R. TI Variation in Seed Viability and Dormancy of 17 Weed Species after 24.7 Years of Burial: The Concept of Buried Seed Safe Sites SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Buried seed; seed longevity; soil seedbank; weed seed decline; buried seed safe site ID SOIL; ALASKA; BANK; ESTABLISHMENT; LONGEVITY; PLANTS AB A 50-yr study at Fairbanks, AK, was started in 1984 to determine soil seed longevity of 17 weed species. Seeds were buried in mesh bags 2- and 15-cm deep and were recovered 0.7, 1.7, 2.7, 3.7, 4.7, 6.7, 9.7, 19.7, and 24.7 yr later. Viability was determined using germination and tetrazolium tests. By 24.7 yr after burial (YAB), no viable seeds were found for common hempnettle, flixweed, foxtail barley, quackgrass, and wild oat. Bluejoint reedgrass, which had no live seed 19.7 YAB, again had viability (1% at 15 cm) 24.7 YAB. Seeds of 11 other species were still viable: American dragonhead (52%), marsh yellowcress (11 and 3.0% at 2 and 15 cm respectively), common lambsquarters (2.8%), prostrate knotweed (2.8% at 15 cm), shepherd's-purse (2.8%), pineapple-weed (2.6%), rough cinquefoil (2.3%), Pennsylvania smartweed (1.1%), common chickweed (0.4%), wild buckwheat (0.3%), and corn spurry (0.1%). Seed dormancy 24.7 YAB was very low (< 10%) for all species except American dragonhead (99%), shepherd's-purse (40%), marsh yellowcress (23% at 2 cm), Pennsylvania smartweed (18%), and rough cinquefoil (14%). At the beginning of the study, declines in seed longevity were uniform between replicates, but variability between replicates increased over time for all species except American dragonhead, suggesting that some soil microsites are more favorable for seed survival and may be seedbank "safe sites." Results of this study demonstrate that nonrandom seed mortality, contributes to the spatial heterogeneity of seed populations in the soil seedbank. C1 [Conn, Jeffery S.; Werdin-Pfisterer, Nancy R.] Univ Alaska, USDA, ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Conn, JS (reprint author), Univ Alaska, USDA, ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, 319 ONeill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jeff.conn@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 23 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 58 IS 3 BP 209 EP 215 DI 10.1614/WS-D-09-00084.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 637LD UT WOS:000280818200007 ER PT J AU Ryan, MR Smith, RG Mirsky, SB Mortensen, DA Seidel, R AF Ryan, Matthew R. Smith, Richard G. Mirsky, Steven B. Mortensen, David A. Seidel, Rita TI Management Filters and Species Traits: Weed Community Assembly in Long-Term Organic and Conventional Systems SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Seed bank; community assembly; organic; legacy; filters; traits ID SEED BANK DYNAMICS; CROPPING SYSTEMS; UNITED-STATES; CONTRASTING RESPONSES; HERBICIDE-RESISTANCE; FARMING SYSTEMS; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; COVER-CROP; SOIL; NITROGEN AB Community assembly theory provides a useful framework to assess the response of weed communities to agricultural management systems and to improve the predictive power of weed science. Under this framework, weed community assembly is constrained by abiotic and biotic "filters" that act on species traits to determine community composition. We used an assembly approach to investigate the response of weed seed banks to 25 yr of management-related Altering in three different row-crop management systems in southeastern Pennsylvania: organic manure-based, organic legume-based, and conventional. Weed seed banks were sampled in April of 2005 and 2006 and quantified by direct germination in a greenhouse. We also assessed the Altering effects of weed management practices and relationships between assembled seed bank and emergent weed communities by allowing or excluding weed control practices within each management system and measuring emergent weed community response. Germinable weed seed bank densities and species richness in the Anal year of the study were over 40% and 15% higher, respectively, in the organic systems relative to the conventional system. Seed bank community structure in the organic systems was different from the conventional system, and the relationships between assembled seed banks and the emergent flora varied. Primary tillage, weed control, timing of planting, and fertility management appeared to be the main Alters that differentiated weed seed banks in the three systems. Weed life history, emergence periodicity, seed size, and responsiveness to soil fertility and hydrology appeared to be the most important functional traits determining how weed species responded to management-related filters. Our results suggest that management systems can exert strong Altering effects that can persist over relatively long (greater than one growing season) time scales. Legacy effects of community-level Altering might be more important than previously assumed, and should be incorporated into predictive models of weed community assembly. C1 [Ryan, Matthew R.; Smith, Richard G.; Mortensen, David A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Mirsky, Steven B.] ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Seidel, Rita] Rodale Inst, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. RP Ryan, MR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mrr203@psu.edu FU Rodale Institute and numerous USDA-ARS; USDA-ARS Specific Cooperative Agreement Biologically Based Weed Management for Organic Farming Systems [56-1265-4-016]; USDA CSREES-ICGP [2007-03085] FX The authors would like to thank Steve Kinneer, Dave Sandy, Dave Wilson, Jeff Moyer, Christine Ziegler, and Kelly Grube for Acid and lab assistance, and Terho Hyvonen for providing access to Ellenberg indicator data. This long-term experiment was supported by the Rodale Institute and numerous USDA-ARS projects over its 27-yr duration and the work conducted to summarize the results in this paper was supported by USDA-ARS Specific Cooperative Agreement Biologically Based Weed Management for Organic Farming Systems (project number 56-1265-4-016) and a USDA CSREES-ICGP Risk Avoidance and Mitigation Program competitive grant 2007-03085. NR 83 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 49 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 58 IS 3 BP 265 EP 277 DI 10.1614/WS-D-09-00054.1 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 637LD UT WOS:000280818200015 ER PT J AU Williams, MM Pataky, JK AF Williams, Martin M., II Pataky, Jerald K. TI Factors Affecting Differential Sensitivity of Sweet Corn to HPPD-Inhibiting Herbicides SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cross-sensitivity; cytochrome P450; dose-response; herbicide tolerance; nsf1 gene ID CYTOCHROME P450-METABOLIZED HERBICIDES; FOXTAIL SETARIA-FABERI; COMMON GENETIC-BASIS; CROSS-SENSITIVITY; VARIED LEVELS; MESOTRIONE; HYBRIDS; TOPRAMEZONE; INJURY AB Mutation of a cyrochrome P450 (CYP) allele on the short arm of chromosome 5 affects sensitivity in sweet corn to mesotrione and to tembotrione plus isoxadifen applied POST. Hybrids that are homozygous for the functional allele (i.e., CYPCYP) are rarely injured at registered use rates, hybrids that are homozygous for mutant alleles (i.e., cypcyp) are frequently injured, and hybrids that are heterozygous for a functional and mutant allele (i.e., CYPcyp) have more variable responses over trials. The objectives of this work were (1) to conduct side-by-side comparisons of sweet corn hybrid responses to mesotrione, tembotrione plus isoxadifen, and topramezone under field conditions; and (2) to compare dose-response relationships among CYPCYP, CYPcyp, and cypcyp hybrids. Among 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors used POST in sweet corn, topramezone was safe on the 746 hybrids tested. When environmental conditions favored crop growth, mesotrione injured the largest number of hybrids, and these hybrids were almost exclusively cypcyp or CYPcyp. The safener isoxadifen added to the tembotrione product greatly reduced occurrence of injury to the CYPcyp genotypic class but not to the cypcyp hybrids. Despite a common genetic basis for herbicide metabolism, genotypic classes of sweet corn hybrids did nor have identical field responses to mesotrione, tembotrione plus isoxadifen, and topramezone. C1 [Williams, Martin M., II] Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mmwillms@illinois.edu NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 21 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 EI 1550-2759 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 58 IS 3 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.1614/WS-D-09-00058.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 637LD UT WOS:000280818200017 ER PT J AU Davis, AS AF Davis, Adam S. TI Cover-Crop Roller-Crimper Contributes to Weed Management in No-Till Soybean SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cover-crop termination; Glycine max establishment; weed suppression; Secale cereale; Vicia villosa; organic; low external input ID SWEET CORN; SYSTEMS; SOIL; INTERFERENCE; PERFORMANCE; RYE; EMERGENCE; SEEDBANK; GROWTH AB Termination of cover crops prior to no-till planting of soybean is typically accomplished with burndown herbicides. Recent advances in cover-crop roller-crimper design offer the possibility of reliable physical termination of cover crops without tillage. A field study within a no-till soybean production system was conducted in Urbana, IL, from 2004 through 2007 to quantify the effects of cover crop (cereal rye, hairy vetch, or bare soil control), termination method (chemical burndown or roller-crimper), and postemergence glyphosate application rate (0, 1.1, or 2.2 kg ae ha(-1)) on soybean yield components, weed-crop interference, and soil environmental variables. Biomass of weeds surviving management within a soybean crop following either a vetch or rye cover crop was reduced by 26 and 56%, respectively, in the rolled system compared to the burndown system. Soybean yield loss due to weed interference was unaffected by cover-crop termination method in soybean following a rye cover crop, but was higher in the rolled than burndown treatment in both hairy vetch and bare soil treatments. In soybean following a rye cover crop, regardless of termination method, yield loss to weed interference was unaffected by glyphosate rate, whereas in soybean following a vetch cover crop or bare soil, yield loss decreased with glyphosate rate. Variation in soybean yield among cover crops and cover-crop termination treatments was due largely to differences in soybean establishment, rather than differences in the soil environment. Use of a roller-crimper to terminate a cover crop preceding no-till soybean has the potential to achieve similar yields to those obtained in a chemically terminated cover crop while reducing residual weed biomass. C1 ARS, USDA, Global Change & Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Davis, AS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Global Change & Photosynth Res Unit, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM asdavis1@illinois.edu FU USDA Agricultural Research Service FX Thanks to Marty Williams, Brian Schutte, and two anonymous reviewers whose comments helped improve this contribution. This work was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing scientific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 40 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 29 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 58 IS 3 BP 300 EP 309 DI 10.1614/WS-D-09-00040.1 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 637LD UT WOS:000280818200019 ER PT J AU Steenwerth, K Baumgartner, K Belina, K Veilleux, L AF Steenwerth, K. Baumgartner, K. Belina, K. Veilleux, L. TI Vineyard Weed Seedbank Composition Responds to Glyphosate and Cultivation after Three Years SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Grapevines; perennial agriculture; tillage; disturbance; no-till ID CLOVER CROPPING SYSTEMS; COVER-CROP; MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; IRRIGATED SOIL; TILLAGE; ROTATION; COMMUNITY; HERBICIDES; DECLINE; FLORA AB This research compared effects of the weed control practice, soil cultivation, and the conventional practice, glyphosate application on weed seedbank, in a vineyard system. The experiment was conducted in a commercial wine-grape vineyard in the Napa Valley of northern California from 2003 to 2005. The annual treatments were "winter-spring glyphosate," "spring cultivation," "fall-spring cultivation," and "fall cultivation-spring glyphosate," and were applied "in-row," under the vine. Composition of the weed seedbank collected in 2002 before treatment establishment did not differ among treatments. After 3 yr of weed treatments, detrended correspondence analysis indicated that the composition of spring cultivation and winter-spring glyphosate tended to differ from each other, but the remaining two treatments showed little differentiation. As determined by linear discriminant analysis, the specific weed species were associated with seedbanks of certain treatments. These were Carolina geranium, annual bluegrass, brome grasses, California burclover, and scarlet pimpernel, which do not pose problems with regard to physical aspects of grape production. Although 'Zorro' rattail fescue was ubiquitous among treatments, its distribution between depths in the cultivated treatments indicated that tillage provided some homogenization of seedbank along the vertical soil profile. The seedlings from the seedbank study were not congruent with those measured aboveground in the field, suggesting that both treatment and microclimatic effects in the field may have influenced germination, and thus, aboveground composition. C1 [Steenwerth, K.; Belina, K.] ARS, USDA, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Baumgartner, K.; Veilleux, L.] ARS, USDA, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Steenwerth, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Viticulture & Enol, RMI N,Room 1151,595 Hilgard Lane, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ksteenwerth@ucdavis.edu FU USDA-ARS FX We thank M. Neal, M. Klug, and D. Bosch for use of the field site and for carrying out all vineyard practices. J. M. Hunt and S. Schnabel helped with Field sampling and activities in the greenhouse. Funding was provided by USDA-ARS. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 25 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 58 IS 3 BP 310 EP 316 DI 10.1614/WS-D-09-00043.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 637LD UT WOS:000280818200020 ER PT J AU Duke, SO Dayan, FE AF Duke, Stephen O. Dayan, Franck E. TI Introduction to the Symposium on Nonherbicide Use of Herbicides SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Duke, Stephen O.; Dayan, Franck E.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. EM fdayan@olemiss.edu RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 58 IS 3 BP 323 EP 323 DI 10.1614/WS-A-09-071 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 637LD UT WOS:000280818200022 ER PT J AU Dalley, CD Richard, EP AF Dalley, Caleb D. Richard, Edward P., Jr. TI Herbicides as Ripeners for Sugarcane SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Growth regulators; sucrose; sugar ID SHIKIMATE PATHWAY; GLYPHOSATE; INHIBITION; VARIETIES; GROWTH; PRODUCTIVITY; BIOSYNTHESIS; CARBOXYLASE; METABOLISM; REGULATORS AB Chemical ripening of sugarcane is an important component to profitable sugar production in the United States as well as other sugarcane industries throughout the world. Harvesting of sugarcane often begins before the sugarcane reaches the desirable maturity level. This is especially true in the Louisiana sugarcane industry where the window for harvesting is limited because of the risk of freezing temperatures encountered in a temperate climate. Research on the application of chemicals, mostly of herbicide origin, to enhance sucrose accumulation (ripening) or limit flowering to conserve stored sucrose has been conducted for more than 60 yr. The only sugarcane ripener currently registered for use in the United States is glyphosate applied before harvest. The herbicide fluazifop is used as the primary ripener of sugarcane in South Africa. The herbicides glyphosate, fluazifop, and sulfometuron-methyl and the growth regulators ethephon and trinexapacethyl are registered for use in Brazil. There is a continuing need to evaluate sugarcane ripeners to increase the utility of currently registered ripeners and to find additional ripeners for use by sugarcane industries. The need for alternatives to glyphosate is especially, critical before a glyphosate-tolerant sugarcane can be utilized to improve control of problematic weeds. C1 [Dalley, Caleb D.; Richard, Edward P., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Dalley, CD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Res Lab, 5883 USDA Rd, Houma, LA 70360 USA. EM caleb.dalley@ars.usda.gov FU American Sugar Cane League of the United States FX We thank Dr. Stephen O. Duke for inviting us to participate and for his coordinating this symposium on Non-Herbicide Uses of Herbicides. In addition we thank Mr. Eric Petrie, Mr. Thomas Duet, and Mr. Clinton Randall for their technical support and the American Sugar Cane League of the United States for their financial support of this research. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 58 IS 3 BP 329 EP 333 DI 10.1614/WS-D-09-00001.1 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 637LD UT WOS:000280818200024 ER PT J AU Duke, SO AF Duke, Stephen O. TI Herbicide and Pharmaceutical Relationships SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Disease; drug; herbicide; pharmaceutical ID ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; DRUG DISCOVERY; DINITROANILINE HERBICIDES; ISOPRENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; APICOMPLEXAN PARASITES; RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS; SHIKIMATE PATHWAY; MEP PATHWAY AB For many years, virtually all pharmaceutical companies had an agrochemical division. This was partly to maximize the benefits of expensive chemical synthesis efforts by searching for many types of useful biological activities. Leads for pharmaceuticals and pesticides often overlap, in some cases leading to similar compounds used for human health and weed management purposes. This review will focus on herbicides and herbicide classes that have potential pharmaceutical properties, both as therapeutic agents that act through human molecular target sites and those that act on infectious agents. An example of the first case is compounds that target plant acetyl coenzyme A carboxylases, inhibiting fatty acid synthesis, and similar compounds used in humans as anti-inflammatory agents. Another such example is the triketone class of compounds that can act both as herbicides and as treatments for the genetic disease tyrosinemia, targeting the same enzyme in both cases. Examples of the second case are the relatively large number of herbicides that have activity against the malaria protozoan (Plasmodium spp.). It turns out that Plasmodium spp. and related disease organisms have an organelle that is apparently analogous to the plant plastid, the apicoplast. Herbicides such as dinitroanilines are active against several protozoan parasites by the same mechanism by which they kill plants, interaction with tubulin to halt cell division and other tubulin-dependent processes. These and other multiple activities of various herbicides and herbicide classes provide perspective on the broad biological activity of herbicides and related compounds. C1 ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM stephen.duke@ars.usda.gov NR 62 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 18 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 58 IS 3 BP 334 EP 339 DI 10.1614/WS-09-102.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 637LD UT WOS:000280818200025 ER PT J AU Dayan, FE Duke, SO Grossmann, K AF Dayan, Franck E. Duke, Stephen O. Grossmann, Klaus TI Herbicides as Probes in Plant Biology SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Molecular probe; herbicides as tools; chemical genetics; proteomics; metabolomics; genomics; mode of action ID ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE; BETA-CYANOALANINE SYNTHASE; ABSCISIC-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; SELECTABLE MARKER GENES; NON-MEVALONATE PATHWAY; BOX PROTEIN TIR1; ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; ISOPRENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; CELLULOSE SYNTHESIS AB Herbicides are small molecules that inhibit specific molecular target sites within plant biochemical pathways and/or physiological processes. Inhibition of these sites often has catastrophic consequences that are lethal to plants. The affinity of these compounds for their respective target sites makes them useful tools to study and dissect the intricacies of plant biochemical and physiological processes. For instance, elucidation of the photosynthetic electron transport chain was achieved in part by the use of herbicides, such as terbutryn and paraquat, which act on photosystem II and I, respectively, as physiological probes. Work stemming from the discovery of the binding site of PS II inhibiting herbicides was ultimately awarded the Nobel Prize in 1988. Although not as prestigious as the seminal work on photosynthesis, our knowledge of many other plant processes expanded significantly through the ingenious use of inhibitors as molecular probes. Examples highlight the critical role played by herbicides in expanding our understanding of the fundamental aspects of the synthesis of porphyrins and the nonmevalonate pathway, the evolution of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, cell wall physiology, the functions of microtubules and the cell cycle, the role of auxin and cyanide, the importance of subcellular protein targeting, and the development of selectable markers. C1 [Dayan, Franck E.; Duke, Stephen O.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Grossmann, Klaus] BASF Agr Ctr Limburgerhof, D-67117 Limburgerhof, Germany. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM fdayan@olemiss.edu RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 127 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 38 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 58 IS 3 BP 340 EP 350 DI 10.1614/WS-09-092.1 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 637LD UT WOS:000280818200026 ER PT J AU Velini, ED Trindade, MLB Barberis, LRM Duke, SO AF Velini, Edivaldo D. Trindade, Maria L. B. Barberis, Luis Rodrigo M. Duke, Stephen O. TI Growth Regulation and Other Secondary Effects of Herbicides SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Growth regulation; herbicide; hormesis; secondary effects ID LOW WATER POTENTIALS; ABSCISIC-ACID ACCUMULATION; NITRATE REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; PRIMARY ROOT ELONGATION; SCLEROTINIA STEM ROT; SUGARCANE CULTIVARS; DISEASE DEVELOPMENT; SHIKIMATE PATHWAY; FUNGAL DISEASES; PROTEIN CONTENT AB As all herbicides act on pathways or processes crucial to plants, in an inhibitory or stimulatory way, low doses of any herbicide might be used to beneficially modulate plant growth, development, or composition. Glyphosate, the most used herbicide in the world, is widely applied at low rates to ripen sugarcane. Low rates of glyphosate also can stimulate plant growth (this effect is called hormesis). When applied at recommended rates for weed control, glyphosate can inhibit rust diseases in glyphosate-resistant wheat and soybean. Fluridone blocks carotenoid biosynthesis by inhibition of phytoene desaturase and is effective in reducing the production of abscisic acid in drought-stressed plants. Among the acetolactate synthase inhibitors, sulfometuron-methyl is widely used to ripen sugarcane and imidazolinones can be used to suppress turf species growth. The application of protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors can trigger plant defenses against pathogens. Glufosinate, a glutamine syntherase inhibitor, is also known to improve the control of plant diseases. Auxin agonists (i.e., dicamba and 2,4-D) are effective, low-cost plant growth regulators. Currently, auxin agonists are still used in tissue cultures to induce somatic embryogenesis and to control fruit ripening, to reduce drop of fruits, to enlarge fruit size, or to extend the harvest period in citrus orchards. At low doses, triazine herbicides stimulate growth through beneficial effects on nitrogen metabolism and through auxin-like effects. Thus, sublethal doses of several herbicides have applications other than weed control. C1 [Velini, Edivaldo D.; Trindade, Maria L. B.; Barberis, Luis Rodrigo M.] UNESP Univ Estadual, Coll Agron Sci, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Duke, Stephen O.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Velini, ED (reprint author), UNESP Univ Estadual, Coll Agron Sci, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. EM velini@fca.unesp.br NR 86 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 60 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 58 IS 3 BP 351 EP 354 DI 10.1614/WS-D-09-00028.1 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 637LD UT WOS:000280818200027 ER PT J AU Gealy, DR Fischer, AJ AF Gealy, David R. Fischer, Albert J. TI C-13 Discrimination: A Stable Isotope Method to Quantify Root Interactions between C-3 Rice (Oryza sativa) and C-4 Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in Flooded Fields SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Stable carbon isotope; C-13:C-12 isotope ratio; delta C-13; C-3 photosynthetic pathway; C-4 photosynthetic pathway; root interactions; crop-weed root interference; allelopathy ID WEED COMPETITIVENESS; CARBON ISOTOPES; ORGANIC-CARBON; UPLAND RICE; PLANTS; WATER; RATIOS; FRACTIONATION; SUPPRESSION; NITROGEN AB Assessing belowground plant competition is complex because it is very difficult to separate weed and crop roots from each other by physical methods. Alternative techniques for separating crop and weed roots from each other are needed. This article introduces a stable isotope method that can quantify the amounts of roots of rice and barnyardgrass intermixed in flooded field soils. It relies on the biological principle that rice, a C-3 (photosynthetic pathway) species, discriminates more effectively than barnyardgrass, a C-4 species, against a relatively rare isotopic form (C-13) of CO2. This results in different C-13:C-12 isotope ratios (expressed as delta C-13) in root tissues of the two species. delta C-13 values for monoculture barnyardgrass and rice grown in a standard flood-irrigated system were highly stable over 4 crop-years, averaging - 13.12 +/- 0.80 (SD) and - 28.5 +/- 0.11 (SD)parts per thousand, respectively, based on analysis by an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Standard concentration curves relating measured delta C-13 values to set proportions of rice:barnyardgrass root biomass were described by linear regressions, typically with r(2) values of 0.96 or greater. Quantities of intermixed rice and barnyardgrass roots sampled 0 to 5 cm deep from soil between rice rows were estimated by extrapolation from standard curves based on delta C-13 values. About 50% more barnyardgrass root tissue was detected in plots of Lemont long-grain rice than in weed-suppressive PI 312777 indica rice, demonstrating the feasibility of using this stable carbon isotope method in flooded rice systems. C1 [Gealy, David R.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Gealy, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM david.gealy@ars.usda.gov NR 67 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 58 IS 3 BP 359 EP 368 DI 10.1614/WS-D-09-00053.1 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 637LD UT WOS:000280818200029 ER PT J AU Boydston, RA Collins, HP Fransen, SC AF Boydston, Rick A. Collins, Harold P. Fransen, Steven C. TI Response of Three Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Cultivars to Mesotrione, Quinclorac, and Pendimethalin SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biofuel; herbicide injury; warm-season grass; weed control; weed management ID SEASON FORAGE GRASSES; SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT; BIG BLUESTEM; ESTABLISHMENT; ATRAZINE; HERBICIDES; METOLACHLOR AB Annual grass weed control and switchgrass cultivar response to PRE-applied pendimethalin and POST-applied mesotrione and quinclorac was evaluated in 2005 and 2006 near Paterson, WA, in both newly seeded and 1-yr-old established switchgrass. Pendimethalin applied to newly planted switchgrass at 1.1 kg ai ha(-1) at the one-leaf stage in 2005 or at 0.67 kg ha(-1) PRE in 2006 severely injured and greatly reduced switchgrass stands. Mesotrione applied POST at 0.07 kg ai ha(-1) injured newly planted switchgrass, reduced switchgrass height for several weeks after treatment, and reduced final switchgrass biomass by 54% both years. 'Kanlow' and 'Cave-in-Rock' cultivars were injured less by mesotrione than 'Shawnee' in 2005, whereas in 2006, Kanlow was injured less than Shawnee and Cave-in-Rock. Quinclorac applied POST at 0.56 kg ai ha(-1) injured newly planted switchgrass less than mesotrione and pendimethalin but reduced final switchgrass biomass by 33% both years compared with treatment with atrazine alone. All three herbicide treatments controlled large crabgrass in the year of establishment. Green foxtail counts were reduced 93% or more by pendimethalin and quinclorac compared with nontreated controls, but mesotrione failed to control green foxtail. Pendimethalin applied PRE at 1.1 kg ha(-1) did not injure 1-yr-old established switchgrass or reduce switchgrass biomass. Quinclorac applied POST at 0.56 kg ha(-1) to established switchgrass reduced switchgrass biomass of the first harvest by 16% in 1 of 2 yr. Mesotrione applied POST at 0.07 kg ha(-1) injured established switchgrass and reduced biomass of the first harvest by 33 and 17% in 2005 and 2006, respectively. Kanlow was injured the least by mesotrione in both years. Established switchgrass suppressed late-emerging annual grass weeds sufficiently to avoid the need for a grass-specific herbicide application. C1 [Boydston, Rick A.; Collins, Harold P.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Fransen, Steven C.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Boydston, RA (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM rick.boydston@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 46 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 24 IS 3 BP 336 EP 341 DI 10.1614/WT-D-09-00053.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 654JB UT WOS:000282163200017 ER PT J AU Goerndt, ME Monleon, VJ Temesgen, H AF Goerndt, Michael E. Monleon, Vincente J. Temesgen, Hailemariam TI Relating Forest Attributes with Area- and Tree-Based Light Detection and Ranging Metrics for Western Oregon SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE area-level metrics; single-tree remote sensing; LiDAR intensity; georeference ID AIRBORNE LASER SCANNER; DISCRETE-RETURN LIDAR; STAND CHARACTERISTICS; CONIFEROUS FOREST; INDIVIDUAL TREES; FOOTPRINT LIDAR; CROWN DIAMETER; BASAL AREA; HEIGHT; DENSITY AB Three sets of linear models were developed to predict several forest attributes, using stand-level and single-tree remote sensing (STRS) light detection and ranging (LiDAR) metrics as predictor variables. The first used only area-level metrics (ALM) associated with first-return height distribution, percentage of cover, and canopy transparency. The second alternative included metrics of first-return LiDAR intensity. The third alternative used area-level variables derived from SIRS LiDAR metrics. The ALM model for Lorey's height did not change with inclusion of intensity and yielded the best results in terms of both model fit (adjusted R(2) = 0.93) and cross-validated relative root mean squared error (RRMSE = 8.1%). The ALM model for density (stems per hectare) had the poorest precision initially (RRMSE = 39.3%), but it improved dramatically (RRMSE = 27.2%) when intensity metrics were included. The resulting RRMSE values of the ALM models excluding intensity for basal area, quadratic mean diameter, cubic stem volume, and average crown width were 20.7, 19.9, 30.7, and 17.1%, respectively. The SIRS model for Lorey's height showed a 3% improvement in RRMSE over the ALM models. The SIRS basal area and density models significantly underperformed compared with the ALM models, with RRMSE values of 31.6 and 47.2%, respectively. The performance of SIRS models for crown width, volume, and quadratic mean diameter was comparable to that of the ALM models. C1 [Goerndt, Michael E.; Temesgen, Hailemariam] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Monleon, Vincente J.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Goerndt, ME (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, 204 Peavy Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM michael.goerndt@oregonstate.edu NR 41 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 25 IS 3 BP 105 EP 111 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 624ZW UT WOS:000279862000001 ER PT J AU Arjo, W AF Arjo, Wendy TI The Effects of Forestry Site Preparation on Mountain Beaver Demographics and Associated Damage to Tree Seedlings SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Aplodontia rufa; damage; Douglas-fir; forest management; herbicide; mountain beaver; seedlings ID SMALL MAMMALS; APLODONTIA-RUFA; HOME-RANGE; CLEAR-CUT; GLYPHOSATE APPLICATION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PRIMITIVE RODENT; NORTHERN MAINE; DEER MICE; HERBICIDE AB Timber resources are a vital part of the economy in the Pacific Northwest, yet reforestation efforts are often hampered by animal damage. Understanding the factors that influence seedling damage can assist managers in implementing appropriate techniques to reduce species-specific damage. I radio-collared and monitored mountain beavers (Aplodontia rufa) from preharvest to seedling planting to determine the impacts of forest management practices on demographics. In addition, I monitored Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings on 28 plots on two harvest units (Vesta and Schoolhouse) to determine the effects of chemical site preparation on mountain beaver foraging and subsequent seedling damage. Mountain beaver densities differed between silvicultural treatments (F(3,39) = 3.58, P < 0.02), although reproductive success did not (chi(2) = 0.14, df = 1, P = 0.70). Larger mountain beaver home ranges were documented in the mature timber compared with those following harvest. Home ranges were also larger in the chemical site preparation portion of the unit (mean = 3.37 +/- 0.9 ha) than in the nontreated portion of the unit (mean = 0.82 +/- 0.17 ha) on Vesta. Herbicide treatment did not promote seedling damage on either unit. Vegetation does not appear to be the only factor influencing mountain beaver movements and seedling damage. Availability of water is very important for mountain beavers and may also influence their foraging choice, as well as contributing to their increased movements in mature timber (reduced groundwater) versus clearcut areas. Understanding the effects of vegetation on population demographics and subsequent seedling damage may allow for initiating a nonlethal management method using alternative forage. C1 AGEISS Inc, Olympia Field Stn, USDA APHIS WS NWRC, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Arjo, W (reprint author), AGEISS Inc, Olympia Field Stn, USDA APHIS WS NWRC, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM wendya@ageiss.com NR 52 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 15 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 25 IS 3 BP 127 EP 135 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 624ZW UT WOS:000279862000004 ER PT J AU Filip, GM Maffei, HM Chadwick, KL Max, TA AF Filip, Gregory M. Maffei, Helen M. Chadwick, Kristen L. Max, Timothy A. TI Armillaria Root Disease-Caused Tree Mortality following Silvicultural Treatments (Shelterwood or Group Selection) in an Oregon Mixed-Conifer Forest: Insights from a 10-Year Case Study SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE white fir; tree wounding and mortality; Armillaria ostoyae; shelterwood and group-selection ID DOUGLAS-FIR; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PONDEROSA PINE; NATIONAL-FOREST; OSTOYAE; INFECTION; GROWTH; ROT; PATHOGEN; INTERIOR AB In 2005, the 10-year effects of two silvicultural treatments (group-selection and shelterwood) on tree-growth loss and mortality caused by Armillaria ostoyae were compared with no treatment in a mixed-conifer forest in south-central Oregon. Ten years after treatment, Armillario-caused mortality varied by species and was greatest in Shasta red fir (38% of trees per acre) and white fir (31%) and much less in Douglas-fir (3%) and ponderosa pine (0%). Ten years after harvesting, leave-tree mortality caused by Armillaria root disease was not significantly different in treated than in the unharvested units, nor was there significant diameter-growth response to the harvesting even in large ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir. The silvicultural treatments did have some benefits: (1) leave-tree mortality appeared, at least, not to be exacerbated by harvesting; (2) more disease-resistant pine, cedar, and larch seedlings and saplings survived in the shelterwood-harvest stands and group-selection openings than in comparable areas that were not harvested; and (3) living wood fiber was recovered from the treated stands, as well as dying and dead fuels that could exacerbate wildfire losses. Insights into host-pathogen interactions and recommendations for silvicultural options are presented. This is a case study from a single site and should be interpreted as such. C1 [Filip, Gregory M.] US Forest Serv, NR FHP, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Max, Timothy A.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Maffei, Helen M.] US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, Bend, OR 97702 USA. [Chadwick, Kristen L.] US Forest Serv, Sandy, OR 97055 USA. RP Filip, GM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NR FHP, POB 3623, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM gmfilip@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 EI 1938-3770 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 25 IS 3 BP 136 EP 143 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 624ZW UT WOS:000279862000005 ER PT J AU Morris, JL Brunelle, AR Munson, AS AF Morris, Jesse L. Brunelle, Andrea R. Munson, A. Steven TI POLLEN EVIDENCE OF HISTORICAL FOREST DISTURBANCE ON THE WASATCH PLATEAU, UTAH SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE spruce beetle; Dendroctonus rufipennis; Engelmann spruce; Picea engelmannii; fire; pollen; grazing; logging; lake sediment ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SUB-ALPINE FOREST; SPRUCE BEETLE COLEOPTERA; NORTHERN UINTA MOUNTAINS; MEDIEVAL WARM PERIOD; FIRE HISTORY; MARKAGUNT PLATEAU; USA; COLORADO; SCOLYTIDAE AB Environmental indicators from lake sediments provide excellent opportunities to improve understanding of forest disturbance processes and corresponding changes in forest composition. Our research provides a methodology for assessing recent, historic, and prehistoric disturbances using lacustrine sediment records. We collected sediment cores from Blue Lake, a small subalpine lake on the Wasatch Plateau in central Utah. These cores record environmental changes caused by both spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby) and human (logging and livestock grazing) modification. We observed deteriorated insect remains in the lake sediments. These remains correspond temporally with a historic spruce beetle outbreak, though alkaline conditions in the lake water may have inhibited preservation of bark beetle remains. Pollen data reveal that despite the unprecedented level of mortality among Engelmann spruce (Piece engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) resulting from the spruce beetle epidemic, logging activities subsequent to Euro-American settlement appear to be the most severe disturbance to the Blue Lake watershed over the last 750 years. C1 [Morris, Jesse L.; Brunelle, Andrea R.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, RED Lab, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Munson, A. Steven] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. RP Morris, JL (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Geog, RED Lab, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM jesse.morris@geog.utah.edu RI Morris, Jesse/I-8721-2012 OI Morris, Jesse/0000-0002-5559-8279 FU University of Utah; Joint Fire Science Program [06-3-1-31] FX The authors thank the University of Utah Funding Incentive Seed Grant Program and the Joint Fire Science Program (Project No. 06-3-1-31) for funding this research. Thanks also to Larry Coats for insightful and constructive reviews; Liz Hebertson for assisting with lake selection; J.J. Shinker, Stacy Randolph Morris, Shela Patrickson, Jessica Spencer, Todd Dailies, Lesleigh Anderson, and Thomas A. Minkley for assistance with fieldwork; and Tom Shore, Mesia Nyman, and Diane Cote on the Manti-La Sal National Forest for their cooperation and support. Thank you to the Western North American Naturalist reviewers for providing suggestions to improve this manuscript. This is RED Lab contribution #7. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 9 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JUL PY 2010 VL 70 IS 2 BP 175 EP 188 DI 10.3398/064.070.0204 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 632RE UT WOS:000280444400004 ER PT J AU Wilson, JS Wilson, LE Loftis, LD Griswold, T AF Wilson, Joseph S. Wilson, Lindsey E. Loftis, Larry D. Griswold, Terry TI THE MONTANE BEE FAUNA OF NORTH CENTRAL WASHINGTON, USA, WITH FLORAL ASSOCIATIONS SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE pollinators; bees; Apoidea; Pacific Northwest; biodiversity ID POLLINATORS; HYMENOPTERA; POPULATIONS; COMMUNITIES; LANDSCAPE; PRESERVE AB The mountains of north central Washington contain a variety of habitat types, from shrubsteppe to high alpine meadows. While native bee surveys of some surrounding areas like the Columbia Basin are fairly complete, little work has been done in the mountains of north central Washington to document the diversity of bees found therein. We conducted a survey of native bees in the Tonasket Ranger District of the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest during summer 2004. Collections yielded a diverse bee fauna (140 species in 24 genera) visiting diverse floral elements (57 plant species in 18 families). These preliminary data suggest that a rich bee fauna exists in the Okanogan Basin and surrounding mountains. C1 [Wilson, Joseph S.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Loftis, Larry D.] Tonasket Ranger Dist, Tonasket, WA 98855 USA. [Griswold, Terry] ARS, USDA, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Wilson, JS (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM joseph.wilson@usu.edu FU Tonasket Ranger District Office FX We thank Harold Ikerd and Olivia Messinger for help in identifying bees; Jason Gibbs navigated the morass of Lasioglossum (Dialictus), for which we are very grateful. We are also indebted to the Tonasket Ranger District Office for supplying us with the materials and funding that made this project possible. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JUL PY 2010 VL 70 IS 2 BP 198 EP 207 DI 10.3398/064.070.0206 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 632RE UT WOS:000280444400006 ER PT J AU Janisiewicz, WJ Kurtzman, CP Buyer, JS AF Janisiewicz, W. J. Kurtzman, C. P. Buyer, J. S. TI Yeasts associated with nectarines and their potential for biological control of brown rot SO YEAST LA English DT Article DE yeast communities; fruit microflora; postharvest biocontrol; Monilinia fructicola ID GREEN MOLD DECAY; POSTHARVEST DISEASES; BLUE MOLD; AUREOBASIDIUM-PULLULANS; CRYPTOCOCCUS-LAURENTII; RHODOTORULA-GLUTINIS; FRUITS; APPLE; ANTAGONISTS; BIOCONTROL AB Resident fruit microflora has been the source of biocontrol agents for the control of postharvest decay of fruits and the active ingredient in commercialized biocontrol products. With the exception of grapes and apples, information on the resident microflora of other fruits is only fragmentary, but greater knowledge in this area can he very helpful in developing biocontrol strategies. We characterized the yeast microflora of nectarines ('Croce del Sud') from the early stages of fruit development until harvest. The fruit samples were collected from trees in an unmanaged orchard. The resident fruit microflora was separated from the occasionally deposited microorganisms by discarding initial fruit washings before the final wash, followed by sonication and plating on NYDA medium. The isolated yeasts were identified by BIOLOG and by sequencing the D1/D2 domain of a large subunit of the rRNA gene and, where available, the ITS sequence. BIOLOG identified 19 and the genetic analysis 23 species of yeasts. Although the identification by these two systems was not always the same, the predominant yeasts were Rhodotorula spp., Sporodiobolus spp., Cryptococcus spp., Ptchta spp., Candida spp. and yeast-like Aureobasiduum pullulans. Several of the taxa appear to represent new species. The preliminary biocontrol tests against brown rot of nectarine fruit caused by Monilinia fructicola indicates significant decay control potential of some of the identified yeast species, namely Cryptococcus magnus, Cryptococcus sp. nov., Sporidiobolus pararoseus, A. pullulans and Rhodotorula sp. nov. Copyright (C) 2010 John & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Janisiewicz, W. J.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Kurtzman, C. P.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peona, IL USA. [Buyer, J. S.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Janisiewicz, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 36 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0749-503X EI 1097-0061 J9 YEAST JI Yeast PD JUL PY 2010 VL 27 IS 7 BP 389 EP 398 DI 10.1002/yea.1763 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology GA 627KR UT WOS:000280038800003 PM 20225339 ER PT J AU Lane, SN Widdison, PE Thomas, RE Ashworth, PJ Best, JL Lunt, IA Smith, GHS Simpson, CJ AF Lane, S. N. Widdison, P. E. Thomas, R. E. Ashworth, P. J. Best, J. L. Lunt, I. A. Smith, G. H. Sambrook Simpson, C. J. TI Quantification of braided river channel change using archival digital image analysis SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE digital photogrammetry; image processing; braided river; sand-bed river; digital elevation model ID SOUTH SASKATCHEWAN RIVER; GRAVEL-BED; ANALYTICAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY; AERIAL-PHOTOGRAPHY; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; ELEVATION MODELS; MORPHOLOGY; WATER; GEOMORPHOLOGY; HABITAT AB Historical archives of grey-scale river channel imagery are extensive. Here, we present and test a methodology to extract detailed quantitative topographic data from such imagery of sand-bed rivers. Extracting elevation information from rivers is difficult as they are characterized by a low relative relief (<4 m); the area of interest may be spatially extensive (e.g. active channel widths >500 m in large braided rivers); the rate of change of surface elevation is generally low except in the vicinity of individual channel banks where the rate of change is very high; there is the complication that comes from inundation; and there may be an added complication caused by blockage of the field of view by vegetation. Here, we couple archival photogrammetric techniques with image processing methods and test these for quantification of sand-bed braided river dynamics, illustrated for a 500 m wide, 3 km long reach of the South Saskatchewan River, Canada. Digital photogrammetry was used to quantify dry areas and water edge elevations. A methodology was then used to calibrate the spectral signature of inundated areas by combining established two media digital photogrammetric methods and image matching. This allowed determination of detailed depth maps for inundated areas and, when combined with dry area data, creation of complete digital elevation models. Error propagation methods were used to determine the erosion and deposition depths detectable from sequential digital elevation models. The result was a series of elevation models that demonstrate the potential for acquiring detailed and precise elevation data from any historical aerial imagery of rivers without needing associated calibration data, provided that imagery is of the necessary scale to capture the features of interest. We use these data to highlight several aspects of channel change on the South Saskatchewan River, including bar movement, bank erosion and channel mulling. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Lane, S. N.; Widdison, P. E.] Univ Durham, Inst Hazard & Risk Res, Durham, England. [Lane, S. N.; Widdison, P. E.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham, England. [Thomas, R. E.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS USA. [Ashworth, P. J.] Univ Brighton, Sch Environm & Technol, Brighton, E Sussex, England. [Best, J. L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geog, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Best, J. L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Best, J. L.] Univ Illinois, Ven Te Chow Hydrosyst Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lunt, I. A.] StatOilHydro, Bergen, Norway. [Smith, G. H. Sambrook] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Simpson, C. J.] Fulcrum Graph Commun Inc, N Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Lane, SN (reprint author), Univ Durham, Inst Hazard & Risk Res, Durham, England. EM s.n.lane@durham.ac.uk RI Lane, Stuart/M-7934-2014; Sambrook Smith, Gregory/P-1855-2016; Best, Jim/P-8440-2015 OI Lane, Stuart/0000-0002-6077-6076; Best, Jim/0000-0001-5314-6140 FU UK Natural Environment Research Council [NER/A/S/2003/00538, NE/D005701/1, NER/S/A/2002/10484] FX This research was funded by UK Natural Environment Research Council Grants NER/A/S/2003/00538 and NE/D005701/1. RET was in receipt of a UK Natural Environment Research Council studentship (NER/S/A/2002/10484) awarded to the School of Geography, University of Leeds. John Bridge provided valuable comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 56 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 45 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD JUN 30 PY 2010 VL 35 IS 8 BP 971 EP 985 DI 10.1002/esp.2015 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 618WX UT WOS:000279387900009 ER PT J AU Marquardt, T Temesgen, H Anderson, PD AF Marquardt, Theresa Temesgen, Hailemariam Anderson, Paul D. TI Accuracy and suitability of selected sampling methods within conifer dominated riparian zones SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Pacific Northwest; Stand structure; Sampling; Monitoring; Douglas-fir ID ESTIMATING STAND CHARACTERISTICS; WESTERN OREGON; FOREST STRUCTURE; TREE MORTALITY; FIXED-AREA; INVENTORY; EFFICIENCY; PLOT; SNAG; USA AB Sixteen sampling alternatives were examined for their performance to quantify selected attributes of overstory conifers in riparian areas of western Oregon Each alternative was examined at eight headwater forest locations based on a 0.52 ha square stem maps The alternatives were evaluated for selected stand attributes (trees per hectare. basal area per hectare and height to diameter ratio), using root mean square error, absolute percent bias, and mean absolute deviation as criteria In general, rectangular strip designs outperformed fixed area circular or radial plots and variable area plots Sampling 3 6 m wide strips perpendicular to the stream outperformed all other alter natives (C) 2010 Elsevier B V. All rights reserved C1 [Marquardt, Theresa; Temesgen, Hailemariam] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Anderson, Paul D.] US Forest Serv, Land & Watershed Management Program, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Temesgen, H (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, 280 Peavy Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. FU Pacific North West Research Station [04-JV-11261953-414]; Bureau of Land Management; DMS Site coordinators FX We gratefully acknowledge the cooperation and financial support provided by the Pacific North West Research Station (agreement number: 04-JV-11261953-414), Bureau of Land Management and the DMS Site coordinators. We thank Timothy Drake, Andrew Neill for their supporting in the data collection phase, and Drs. Bianca Eskelson and Kim Iles for their insights and comments on an early draft. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 30 PY 2010 VL 260 IS 3 BP 313 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.04.014 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 621ME UT WOS:000279582100009 ER PT J AU Van de Water, K North, M AF Van de Water, Kip North, Malcolm TI Fire history of coniferous riparian forests in the Sierra Nevada SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Dendrochronology; Fire frequency; Riparian; Fire history ID LAKE TAHOE BASIN; UPPER MONTANE FORESTS; SOUTHERN CASCADES; REGIMES; CALIFORNIA; USA; CLIMATE; PINE; MOUNTAINS; DYNAMICS AB Fire is an important ecological process in many western U.S coniferous forests, yet high fuel loads, rural home construction and other factors have encouraged the suppression of most wildfires. Using mechanical thinning and prescribed burning, land managers often try to reduce fuels in strategic areas with the highest fuel loads Riparian forests, however, are often designated as areas where only limited management action can take place within a fixed-width zone These highly productive forests have developed heavy fuel loads capable of supporting stand-replacing crown fires that can alter wildlife habitat and ecosystem function, and contribute to stream channel erosion Objectives of this study were to determine whether adjacent coniferous riparian and upland forests burned historically with different frequencies and seasonalities, and whether these relationships varied by forest, site, and stream characteristics We measured dendrochronological fire records in adjacent riparian and upland areas across a variety of forest, site and stream conditions at 36 sites in three sampling areas in the northern Sierra Nevada Riparian fire return Intervals (FRI) ranged from 84 to 423 years under a liberal filter (mean 166). and 10.0 to 86.5 years under a conservative filter (mean 30 0) Upland FRI ranged from 6 1 to 58.0 years under a liberal filter (mean 169), and 10.0 to 563 years under a conservative filter (mean 27 8). Riparian and upland fire return intervals were significantly different in only one quarter of the sites we sampled Riparian and upland areas did not burn with different seasonalities. and fire events occurred primarily during the late summer-early fall dormant season in both riparian and upland areas (88% and 79% of scars. respectively) FRI was shorter in forests with a higher proportion (>22 7-37.6%) of fire-tolerant pine (Pious spp), sites east of the Sierra crest, lower elevation sites (<1944 m), and riparian zones bordering narrower, more incised streams (width/depth ratio <6 2) Upland areas exhibited a greater degree of fire-climate synchrony than riparian areas Our study suggests that Sierra Nevada coniferous riparian forests bordering many montane streams might be managed for fuel loads and fire return intervals similar to adjacent upland forests Published by Elsevier B V C1 [Van de Water, Kip] Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [North, Malcolm] USFS Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Van de Water, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, Dept Plant Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU Lassen National Forest; Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit; California State Parks; Nevada State Parks; California Tahoe Conservancy; North Tahoe Public Utility District; County of Placer Property Management Division; Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act; Pacific Southwest Research Station FX We thank Bobette Jones and Coye Burnett of the Lassen National Forest; Dave Fournier, Victor Lyon and Sue Norman of the Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit; Tamara Sasaki of California State Parks; Bill Champion of Nevada State Parks; Amy Cecchettini and Tina Carlsen of the California Tahoe Conservancy; Pam Lefrancois and Kathy Long of the North Tahoe Public Utility District; and Mark Rideout of the County of Placer Property Management Division for their support and facilitating the permitting process for conducting fieldwork on their respective land ownerships. Field data collection was miraculously completed with the help of Robert Brown, Matthew Eastlick, Darcy Kato, Lea Kromschroeder, Don Stevens, Brad Comito, and the Lassen National Forest monitoring crew. Lab work was accomplished only with the assistance of Esther Cole, Lyssa Dieffendorf, Rose Kormanyos, Lea Kromschroeder and Sky Steiner. Funding for this study was provided by the Lassen National Forest, the Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act, and the Pacific Southwest Research Station. NR 73 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 30 PY 2010 VL 260 IS 3 BP 384 EP 395 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.04.032 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 621ME UT WOS:000279582100018 ER PT J AU Volkova, VV Byrd, A Hubbard, SA Magee, D Bailey, RH Wills, RW AF Volkova, Victoriya V. Byrd, Allen Hubbard, Sue Ann Magee, Danny Bailey, Richard H. Wills, Robert W. TI Lighting during grow-out and Salmonella in broiler flocks SO ACTA VETERINARIA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article ID MEAT YIELD; PHOTOPERIODIC RESPONSES; NUTRIENT DENSITY; LIVE PERFORMANCE; FEED FORM; CHICKENS; INTENSITY; COLONIZATION; TYPHIMURIUM; PROGRAMS AB Background: Lighting is used during conventional broiler grow-out to modify bird behaviour to reach the goals of production and improve bird welfare. The protocols for lighting intensity vary. In a field study, we evaluated if the lighting practices impact the burden of Salmonella in broiler flocks. Methods: Conventional grow-out flocks reared in the states of Alabama, Mississippi and Texas, USA in 2003 to 2006 were sampled 1 week before harvest (n = 58) and upon arrival for processing (n = 56) by collecting feathered carcass rinsate, crop and one cecum from each of 30 birds, and during processing by collecting rinsate of 30 carcasses at pre-chilling (n = 56) and post-chilling points (n = 54). Litter samples and drag swabs of litter were collected from the grow-out houses after bird harvest (n = 56). Lighting practices for these flocks were obtained with a questionnaire completed by the growers. Associations between the lighting practices and the burden of Salmonella in the flocks were tested while accounting for variation between the grow-out farms, their production complexes and companies. Results: Longer relative duration of reduced lights during the grow-out period was associated with reduced detection of Salmonella on the exterior of birds 1 week before harvest and on the broiler carcasses at the post-chilling point of processing. In addition, starting reduced lights for = 18 hours per day later in the grow-out period was associated with decreased detection of Salmonella on the exterior of broilers arriving for processing and in the post-harvest drag swabs of litter from the grow-out house. Conclusions: The results of this field study show that lighting practices implemented during broiler rearing can impact the burden of Salmonella in the flock. The underlying mechanisms are likely to be interactive. C1 [Volkova, Victoriya V.] Univ Edinburgh, Epidemiol Grp, Ctr Infect Dis, Ashworth Labs, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland. [Byrd, Allen] ARS, USDA, SPARC, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Hubbard, Sue Ann; Magee, Danny; Bailey, Richard H.; Wills, Robert W.] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol & Populat Med, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. RP Volkova, VV (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Epidemiol Grp, Ctr Infect Dis, Ashworth Labs, R 138,Kings Bldg,W Main Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland. EM Victoriya.Volkova@ed.ac.uk RI Tast Lahti, Elina/R-8664-2016 FU Epidemiological Approaches for Food Safety, USDA NRICGP [32.1, 2002-02235] FX This analysis was conducted within the project funded by the Epidemiological Approaches for Food Safety, USDA NRICGP 32.1, 2002-02235. We thank Mrs. Terry Doler and Mrs. Mary Ann Ballard for laboratory support and logistics of the field work. We thank Dr. Karen Dazo-Galarneau, Dr. Michael Rybolt, Dr. David Smith, Dr. Tyler McAlpin and the many student workers for help with collection and processing of the samples. VVV thanks Dr. Martin Miller for help with editing the paper. We thank the growers for granting access to the farms and completing the questionnaire. We appreciate collaboration of the participating broiler companies. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0044-605X J9 ACTA VET SCAND JI Acta Vet. Scand. PD JUN 29 PY 2010 VL 52 AR 46 DI 10.1186/1751-0147-52-46 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 645AR UT WOS:000281423800001 PM 20587037 ER PT J AU Bai, XD Zhang, W Orantes, L Jun, TH Mittapalli, O Mian, MAR Michel, AP AF Bai, Xiaodong Zhang, Wei Orantes, Lucia Jun, Tae-Hwan Mittapalli, Omprakash Mian, M. A. Rouf Michel, Andrew P. TI Combining Next-Generation Sequencing Strategies for Rapid Molecular Resource Development from an Invasive Aphid Species, Aphis glycines SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SINGLE DOMINANT GENE; SOYBEAN APHID; PEA APHID; ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM; BUCHNERA-APHIDICOLA; ENDOSYMBIOTIC BACTERIA; ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE; HORIZONTAL TRANSFER; SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA; GENOME EVOLUTION AB Background: Aphids are one of the most important insect taxa in terms of ecology, evolutionary biology, genetics and genomics, and interactions with endosymbionts. Additionally, many aphids are serious pest species of agricultural and horticultural plants. Recent genetic and genomic research has expanded molecular resources for many aphid species, including the whole genome sequencing of the pea aphid, Acrythosiphon pisum. However, the invasive soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, lacks in any significant molecular resources. Methodology/Principal Findings: Two next-generation sequencing technologies (Roche-454 and Illumina GA-II) were used in a combined approach to develop both transcriptomic and genomic resources, including expressed genes and molecular markers. Over 278 million bp were sequenced among the two methods, resulting in 19,293 transcripts and 56,688 genomic sequences. From this data set, 635 SNPs and 1,382 microsatellite markers were identified. For each sequencing method, different soybean aphid biotypes were used which revealed potential biotype specific markers. In addition, we uncovered 39,822 bp of sequence that were related to the obligatory endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola, as well as sequences that suggest the presence of Hamiltonella defensa, a facultative endosymbiont. Conclusions and Significance: Molecular resources for an invasive, non-model aphid species were generated. Additionally, the power of next-generation sequencing to uncover endosymbionts was demonstrated. The resources presented here will complement ongoing molecular studies within the Aphididae, including the pea aphid whole genome, lead to better understanding of aphid adaptation and evolution, and help provide novel targets for soybean aphid control. C1 [Bai, Xiaodong; Zhang, Wei; Orantes, Lucia; Jun, Tae-Hwan; Mittapalli, Omprakash; Michel, Andrew P.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Jun, Tae-Hwan; Mian, M. A. Rouf] ARS, USDA, Columbus, OH USA. [Jun, Tae-Hwan; Mian, M. A. Rouf] Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Bai, XD (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, 1735 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM michel.70@osu.edu RI Michel, Andrew/B-5329-2012 FU Ohio Soybean Council [OSC 10-2-03, OSC 08-2-08]; USDA-ARS, Ohio Plant Biotechnology Consortium; The Ohio State University; The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center FX Funding for this project was obtained through the Ohio Soybean Council (www.soyohio.org), #OSC 10-2-03 and #OSC 08-2-08, USDA-ARS, Ohio Plant Biotechnology Consortium and The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 81 TC 46 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 24 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 29 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 6 AR e11370 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0011370 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 618QD UT WOS:000279369900018 PM 20614011 ER PT J AU Meador, AJS Moore, MM AF Meador, Andrew J. Sanchez Moore, Margaret M. TI Lessons from long-term studies of harvest methods in southwestern ponderosa pine-Gambel oak forests on the Fort Valley Experimental Forest, Arizona, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Long-term data; Permanent plots; Forest stand dynamics; Land-use legacies; Spatial patterns; Fort Valley Experimental Forest; Arizona ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; STAND; REGENERATION; CONSERVATION; PERSPECTIVE AB The Fort Valley Experiment Station (now Fort Valley Experimental Forest) has contributed many long-term studies to forest research. This paper focuses on a "Methods of Cutting" study initiated in 1913 on the Coulter Ranch Unit of Fort Valley and how that long-term study yielded important ecological and management lessons. We quantified the historical and contemporary forest patterns at this ponderosa pine-Gambel oak site, which was harvested using three different harvesting systems in 1913 (seed tree, group selection, and light selection) and was partially excluded from livestock browsing in 1919. Using nine historically stem-mapped permanent plots for the following three stand structural scenarios: 1913 pre-harvest (modeled), post-harvest (actual), and 2003-2006 (actual) conditions, we examined the short- and long-term consequences of harvest and livestock grazing land-use and stand dynamics. We assessed changes in spatial pattern under each harvesting system and in each structural scenario, and lastly, we examined spatial and temporal tree recruitment patterns as observed in the contemporary (2003-2006) conditions. The seed tree harvests effectively converted the spatial patterns from aggregated to random and left few trees, while the group selection and light selection had varying effects, but consistently exaggerated the spatial patchiness of the stand. By 2003-2006, all plots were aggregated at all scales and were one large patch of predominately small trees. Sites that were harvested, but excluded from livestock browsing had 40% more trees in 2003-2006. Contemporary recruitment patterns were significantly aggregated under all harvesting systems, but were most strongly aggregated if the site received a group selection or light selection cut. For group and light selection, pine seedlings initially established in stump patches created by harvesting and then proceeded to fill-in the remaining area, with recruitment rarely found under the residual pine or oak trees. Long-term data sets, such as these established by the Fort Valley Experimental Forest in 1913, are essential for quantifying the impact of historical land-use practices on contemporary forest composition and structure. Ignoring land-use legacies may lead to the misinterpretation of stand dynamics and development, and therefore should be explicitly quantified and incorporated into future management and restoration activities. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Meador, Andrew J. Sanchez; Moore, Margaret M.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Meador, AJS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Management Serv Ctr, 3463 Las Palomas Rd, Alamogordo, NM 88310 USA. EM asanchezmeador@fs.fed.us; margaret.moore@nau.edu OI Sanchez Meador, Andrew/0000-0003-4238-8587 FU USFS RMRS Research Joint Venture Agreement [28-JV7-939]; NIFA National Research Initiative [2003-35101-12919]; NAU School of Forestry McIntire-Stennis FX We thank S.D. Olberding, historian and archivist, US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station (USFS RMRS), Flagstaff, AZ for her work locating historical documents, ledger data, and maps. We thank Dr. P.Z. Fule, Dr. P.F. Parysow, Dr. B. Birch, Dr. A. Youngblood and two anonymous reviewers for reviewing and improving earlier drafts of this manuscript. We thank the US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station and the Coconino National Forest for letting us sample the plots at Coulter Ranch. We acknowledge field and laboratory assistance of many people in the Ecological Restoration Institute at Northern Arizona University (NAU), especially W.W. Covington, P.Z. Fule, J.D. Bakker, J. Crouse, D.W. Huffman, and D. Normandin; and students S. Blazewicz, B. De Blois, J. Dyer, D. Gift, and K. Rask. We are indebted to G.A. Pearson, H. Krauch, and C. Korstian, who had the foresight to establish these permanent plots as well as map and record the forest structure in 1913, and to M. Larson for taking the repeat photographs in 1959. USFS RMRS Research Joint Venture Agreement 28-JV7-939, US Department of Agriculture CSREES (now NIFA) National Research Initiative Managed Ecosystems Competitive Grant 2003-35101-12919, and a NAU School of Forestry McIntire-Stennis grant supported this research. NR 71 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 25 PY 2010 VL 260 IS 2 BP 193 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.04.016 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 614MJ UT WOS:000279063000003 ER PT J AU Fettig, CJ McKelvey, SR Cluck, DR Smith, SL Otrosina, WJ AF Fettig, Christopher J. McKelvey, Stephen R. Cluck, Daniel R. Smith, Sheri L. Otrosina, William J. TI Effects of prescribed fire and season of burn on direct and indirect levels of tree mortality in Ponderosa and Jeffrey Pine Forests in California, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus; Fire hazard; Forest restoration; Ips; Pinus jeffreyi; Pinus ponderosa ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; DENDROCTONUS-VALENS COLEOPTERA; BEETLE SPECIES COLEOPTERA; FUEL REDUCTION TREATMENTS; LAKE TAHOE BASIN; NORTHERN ARIZONA; BARK BEETLES; SIERRA-NEVADA; UNITED-STATES; SCOLYTIDAE AB Many forests that historically experienced frequent low-intensity wildfires have undergone extensive alterations during the past century. Prescribed fire is now commonly used to restore these fire-adapted forest ecosystems. In this study, we examined the influence of prescribed burn season on levels of tree mortality attributed to prescribed fire effects (direct mortality) and bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) (indirect mortality) in ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws., and Jeffrey pine, Pinus jeffreyi Grey. and Balf., forests in California, USA. A total of 816 trees (9.9% of all trees) died during this 3-yr study. Significantly higher levels of tree mortality (all sources) occurred following early and late season burns compared to the untreated control, but no significant difference was observed between burn treatments. The majority (461 trees) of tree deaths were attributed to direct mortality from prescribed burns and was strongly concentrated (391 trees) in the smallest diameter class (<20.2 cm diameter at breast height, dbh). For the largest trees (>50.7 cm dbh), significantly higher levels of tree mortality occurred on early season burns than the untreated control, most of which resulted from indirect mortality attributed to bark beetle attacks, specifically western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte, and mountain pine beetle, D. ponderosae Hopkins. Red turpentine beetle, D. valens LeConte, was the most common bark beetle species found colonizing trees, but tree mortality was not attributed to this species. A total of 355 trees (4.3% of all trees) were killed by bark beetles. Dendroctonus brevicomis (67 trees, 18.9%) and D. ponderosae (56 trees, 15.8%), were found colonizing P. ponderosa; and Jeffrey pine beetle, D. jeffreyi Hopkins, was found colonizing P. jeffreyi (seven trees, 2.0%). We also found pine engraver, Ips pini (Say) (137 trees, 38.6%), and, to a much lesser extent, Orthotomicus (=Ips) latidens (LeConte) (85 trees, 23.9%) and emarginate ips, I. emarginatus (LeConte) (3 trees, 0.8%) colonizing P. ponderosa and P. jeffreyi. Few meaningful differences in levels of indirect tree mortality attributed to bark beetle attack were observed between early and late season burns. The incidence of root and root collar pathogens (Leptographium and Sporothrix spp.), including species known to be vectored by bark beetles, was low (18% of trees sampled). The implications of these and other results to management of P. ponderosa and P. jeffreyi forests are discussed in detail. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fettig, Christopher J.; McKelvey, Stephen R.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Cluck, Daniel R.; Smith, Sheri L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Susanville, CA 96130 USA. [Otrosina, William J.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Fettig, CJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 1731 Res Pk Dr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM cfettig@fs.fed.us FU Special Technology and Development Program [R5-2004-01]; U.S. President's Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers; Pacific Southwest Research Station and Northeastern California Forest Health Protection group FX We thank R. Borys, C. Dabney, S. Hamud, D. Huber, P. Jirog, J. Lee, and S. Seybold (Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service), J. Egan, E. Frolli, A. Garcia, R. Mahnke, S. McFarland, and L. Yazzie (Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service), C. Mautner (University of California), M. Patterson (University of Reno), A. Piscitelli (Humboldt State University), C. Stoll (Chico State University) and J. Young (Oregon State University) for technical assistance. In addition, we are grateful to the staff of the Truckee and Sierraville Ranger Districts, Tahoe National Forest (USDA Forest Service) for providing the study site, and specifically to B. Melville (Truckee Ranger District) for implementing the prescribed burns according to study protocols. A special thanks to C. Hayes (Pacific Southwest Research Station) and S. Hood (Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest service) for their critiques, which greatly improved an earlier version of this manuscript. This research was supported, in part, by a Special Technology and Development Program grant (R5-2004-01) to C.J.F., S.L.S., and D.L.C., a U.S. President's Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers to C.J.F., the Pacific Southwest Research Station and Northeastern California Forest Health Protection group. NR 93 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 25 PY 2010 VL 260 IS 2 BP 207 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.04.019 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 614MJ UT WOS:000279063000004 ER PT J AU Pfannenstiel, RS Unruh, TR Brunner, JF AF Pfannenstiel, R. S. Unruh, T. R. Brunner, J. F. TI Overwintering hosts for the exotic leafroller parasitoid, Colpoclypeus florus: Implications for habitat manipulation to augment biological control of leafrollers in pome fruits SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alternate host; Ancylis comptana; diapause ID APPLE ORCHARDS; APPARENT COMPETITION; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; EULOPHIDAE; WASHINGTON; HYM AB Thirty sites of managed and native habitats were surveyed for leafrollers (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the apple producing region of central Washington State and northern Oregon from September through November 1997-2000 to discover species that supported overwintering by the parasitoid Colpoclypeus florus (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). C. florus, a species introduced from Europe, requires medium to large host larvae late in autumn on which to overwinter, and few leafroller species display this biology. Over the four years, five potential C. florus hosts were collected, including: Ancylis comptana (Froelich), Xenotemna pallorana (Robinson), and Syndemis sp. (Tortricidae), Filatima sp. (Gelechiidae), and Caloptilia burgessiellia (Zeller) (Gracillariidae). Of these, A. comptana, Syndemis sp., and Filatima sp. have been confirmed as overwintering hosts for C. florus. During the four years, the Syndemis sp. was rare and observed at only one location feeding on redosier dogwood, Cornus sericea L. (Cornales: Cornaceae) although, at this location, many of the larvae collected were parasitized by C. florus. Filatima sp. was common in the Yakima valley feeding on balsam poplar, Populus balsamifera L. ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook) Brayshaw (Malpighiales: Salicaceae) but was rarely parasitized. A. comptana, however, was collected at many locations in central Washington and was frequently found as an overwintering host for C. florus. A. comptana was found feeding on two Rosaceae: Wood's rose, Rosa woodsii Lindl., and strawberry, Fragaria ananassa Duchesne (Rosales: Rosaceae). Based on the number of host larvae collected, A. comptana appears to be the primary overwintering host for C. florus in Washington. Introduction of A. comptana populations to near-orchard habitats may facilitate biological control of leafrollers that are orchard pests. C1 [Pfannenstiel, R. S.; Brunner, J. F.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Pfannenstiel, R. S.; Unruh, T. R.] USDA ARS, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Pfannenstiel, R. S.] USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Pfannenstiel, RS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, 1100 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM bob.pfannenstiel@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JUN 25 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 75 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 622OA UT WOS:000279671900002 PM 20673193 ER PT J AU Glover, JD Reganold, JP Bell, LW Borevitz, J Brummer, EC Buckler, ES Cox, CM Cox, TS Crews, TE Culman, SW DeHaan, LR Eriksson, D Gill, BS Holland, J Hu, F Hulke, BS Ibrahim, AMH Jackson, W Jones, SS Murray, SC Paterson, AH Ploschuk, E Sacks, EJ Snapp, S Tao, D Van Tassel, DL Wade, LJ Wyse, DL Xu, Y AF Glover, J. D. Reganold, J. P. Bell, L. W. Borevitz, J. Brummer, E. C. Buckler, E. S. Cox, C. M. Cox, T. S. Crews, T. E. Culman, S. W. DeHaan, L. R. Eriksson, D. Gill, B. S. Holland, J. Hu, F. Hulke, B. S. Ibrahim, A. M. H. Jackson, W. Jones, S. S. Murray, S. C. Paterson, A. H. Ploschuk, E. Sacks, E. J. Snapp, S. Tao, D. Van Tassel, D. L. Wade, L. J. Wyse, D. L. Xu, Y. TI Increased Food and Ecosystem Security via Perennial Grains SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CROPS C1 [Glover, J. D.; Cox, C. M.; Cox, T. S.; DeHaan, L. R.; Jackson, W.; Van Tassel, D. L.] Land Inst, Salina, KS 67401 USA. [Reganold, J. P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Bell, L. W.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org Australia, Sustainable Ecosyst Agr Prod Syst Res Unit, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. [Borevitz, J.] Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Brummer, E. C.] Univ Georgia, Inst Plant Breeding Genet & Genom, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Buckler, E. S.] ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Buckler, E. S.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Crews, T. E.] Prescott Coll, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. [Culman, S. W.; Snapp, S.] Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Eriksson, D.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Plant Breeding & Biotechnol, Alnarp, Sweden. [Gill, B. S.] Kansas State Univ, Wheat Genet & Genom Resources Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Holland, J.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hu, F.; Tao, D.] Yunnan Acad Agr Sci, Food Crops Res Inst, Kunming 650205, Peoples R China. [Hulke, B. S.] USDA ARS, Sunflower Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Ibrahim, A. M. H.; Murray, S. C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Jones, S. S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Mt Vernon, WA 98273 USA. [Paterson, A. H.] Univ Georgia, Plant Genome Mapping Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Ploschuk, E.] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron, Catedra Cultivos Ind, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Sacks, E. J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wade, L. J.] Charles Sturt Univ, EH Graham Ctr Agr Innovat, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia. [Wyse, D. L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Xu, Y.] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Global Maize Program, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Glover, JD (reprint author), Land Inst, Salina, KS 67401 USA. EM glover@landinstitute.org RI Wade, Len/A-8872-2008; Bell, Lindsay/B-9769-2008; Eriksson, Dennis/J-4592-2012; CSIRO, SAF/H-3134-2013; Snapp, Sieglinde/D-5109-2013; Borevitz, Justin/B-5423-2012; OI Bell, Lindsay/0000-0002-5064-2947; DeHaan, Lee/0000-0002-6368-5241; Culman, Steve/0000-0003-3985-257X; Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 NR 20 TC 103 Z9 109 U1 16 U2 126 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 25 PY 2010 VL 328 IS 5986 BP 1638 EP 1639 DI 10.1126/science.1188761 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 615BY UT WOS:000279107400024 PM 20576874 ER PT J AU Khan, S Rowe, SC Harmon, FG AF Khan, Sadaf Rowe, Scott C. Harmon, Frank G. TI Coordination of the maize transcriptome by a conserved circadian clock SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATORS; FLOWERING-LOCUS-C; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; KEY PATHWAYS; TEMPERATURE RESPONSE; ABSCISIC-ACID; PLANT-GROWTH; EXPRESSION; RHYTHMS; GENES AB Background: The plant circadian clock orchestrates 24-hour rhythms in internal physiological processes to coordinate these activities with daily and seasonal changes in the environment. The circadian clock has a profound impact on many aspects of plant growth and development, including biomass accumulation and flowering time. Despite recent advances in understanding the circadian system of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the contribution of the circadian oscillator to important agronomic traits in Zea mays and other cereals remains poorly defined. To address this deficit, this study investigated the transcriptional landscape of the maize circadian system. Results: Since transcriptional regulation is a fundamental aspect of circadian systems, genes exhibiting circadian expression were identified in the sequenced maize inbred B73. Of the over 13,000 transcripts examined, approximately 10 percent displayed circadian expression patterns. The majority of cycling genes had peak expression at subjective dawn and dusk, similar to other plant circadian systems. The maize circadian clock organized co-regulation of genes participating in fundamental physiological processes, including photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, cell wall biogenesis, and phytohormone biosynthesis pathways. Conclusions: Circadian regulation of the maize genome was widespread and key genes in several major metabolic pathways had circadian expression waveforms. The maize circadian clock coordinated transcription to be coincident with oncoming day or night, which was consistent with the circadian oscillator acting to prepare the plant for these major recurring environmental changes. These findings highlighted the multiple processes in maize plants under circadian regulation and, as a result, provided insight into the important contribution this regulatory system makes to agronomic traits in maize and potentially other C4 plant species. C1 [Khan, Sadaf; Rowe, Scott C.; Harmon, Frank G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Harmon, Frank G.] USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Harmon, FG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fharmon@berkeley.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture [CRIS 5335-21000-026-00D] FX We thank Dr. Hector Candela-Anton, James Schnable, and Imran N. Amirani for writing perl scripts, as well as Dr. Robin Buell for help and advice on annotation with rice sequences. We also thank Bryan Thines for critical reading of the manuscript. This work is supported by United States Department of Agriculture grant CRIS 5335-21000-026-00D to FGH. NR 65 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 16 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD JUN 24 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 126 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-10-126 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 637SZ UT WOS:000280840300003 PM 20576144 ER PT J AU Kim, JW Pachepsky, YA Shelton, DR Coppock, C AF Kim, Jung-Woo Pachepsky, Yakov A. Shelton, Daniel R. Coppock, Cary TI Effect of streambed bacteria release on E. coli concentrations: Monitoring and modeling with the modified SWAT SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT); Sediment; Streambed E. coli; Resuspension/deposition ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; SOURCE POLLUTION MODEL; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; WATER-QUALITY; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; SUBTROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; FLOOD EVENTS; LAKE GENEVA; NEW-ZEALAND; SEDIMENT AB Streambed sediment has been attracting attention as a reservoir for bacteria, including pathogenic strains. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been augmented with a bacteria transport subroutine in SWAT2005 in which bacteria die-off is the only in-stream process. The purpose of this study was to develop the partial model of sediment-associated bacteria transport in stream and to evaluate the potential significance of streambed Escherichia coli (E. coli) release and deposition within the SWAT microbial water quality simulations. Streambed E. coli release and deposition were simulated based on the sediment resuspension and deposition modules in SWAT. The modified SWAT was applied to the Little Cove Creek watershed, Pennsylvania, which has forestry and dairy pasture landuses. Temporal changes in sediment E. coli concentrations were derived from monitoring data rather than from a streambed bacteria population model. Sensitivity analyses and calibrations were separately conducted for both hydrologic and bacteria parameters. Hydrologic calibration characterized soils in the watershed as pervious and thus the surface runoff was only moderately contributing to the streamflow. However, the surface runoff carried large numbers of E. coli to the stream, and sediment resuspension contributed to the persistent concentration of E. coli in stream water. Although the uncertainty of E. coli concentrations in streambed sediments and from wildlife probably affected the performance of the modified SWAT model, this study qualitatively confirmed the significance of modeling E. coli release from streambed and deposition for the SWAT microbial water quality simulations. Further developments should include modeling dynamics of bacteria populations within streambeds. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Jung-Woo; Pachepsky, Yakov A.; Shelton, Daniel R.; Coppock, Cary] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kim, JW (reprint author), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Radioact Waste Technol Dev Div, 1045 Daedeok Daero, Taejon 305353, South Korea. EM jw_kim@kaeri.re.kr OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 81 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUN 24 PY 2010 VL 221 IS 12 BP 1592 EP 1604 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.03.005 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 609GH UT WOS:000278643500006 ER PT J AU Fayer, R Santin, M Dargatz, D AF Fayer, Ronald Santin, Monica Dargatz, David TI Species of Cryptosporidium detected in weaned cattle on cow-calf operations in the United States SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidiosis; Beef cattle; Prevalence ID N. SP APICOMPLEXA; ADULT BEEF-CATTLE; DAIRY-CATTLE; BOS-TAURUS; PARVUM OOCYSTS; PREVALENCE; CALVES; GIARDIA; ANDERSONI; GENOTYPES AB To determine the species and distribution of Cryptosporidium in weaned beef calves in the United States, fecal specimens were collected from 819 cattle between 6 and 18 months of age from 49 operations in 20 states (Alabama, California, Colorado, Georgia, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and Wyoming). Fresh feces, collected either from the ground or directly from the rectum of each animal, were sieved and subjected to density gradient centrifugation to remove fecal debris and to concentrate oocysts. DNA extracted from each specimen was subjected to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers for the SSU rRNA gene. All PCR positive specimens were subjected to sequence analysis. Cryptosporidium was detected in 20.5% of the fecal samples. Cryptosporidium ryanae, C. bovis and C. andersoni were detected in 1.8, 4.8, and 14.0% of the 819 samples, respectively. California (number operations [n] = 2), Iowa (n = 3), and Nebraska (n = 7) had the highest prevalence of infected weaned cattle with 44.4, 41.0 and 40.2% infected, respectively. Cryptosporidium was not detected in any weaned cattle from Alabama (number operations [n] = 1), Georgia (n = 2), New Mexico (n = 1), South Dakota (n = 1), Tennessee (n = 1), or Texas (n = 1). The zoonotic species, C. parvum, was not detected in any samples from 6- to 18-month-old cattle, a finding that parallels reports for dairy cattle of similar age in which less than 1% were found to harbor this species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fayer, Ronald] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Food Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Dargatz, David] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Dargatz, David] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Food Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 173,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ronald.fayer@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUN 24 PY 2010 VL 170 IS 3-4 BP 187 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.02.040 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 614MW UT WOS:000279064500001 PM 20338690 ER PT J AU Abbas, MA Spackman, E Swayne, DE Ahmed, Z Sarmento, L SiddiquE, N Naeem, K Hameed, A Rehmani, S AF Abbas, Muhammad A. Spackman, Erica Swayne, David E. Ahmed, Zaheer Sarmento, Luciana SiddiquE, Naila Naeem, Khalid Hameed, Abdul Rehmani, Shafqat TI Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of H7N3 avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry in Pakistan 1995-2004 SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID A VIRUSES; NONSTRUCTURAL GENES; H5N1 VIRUSES; HONG-KONG; H9N2; PATHOGENICITY; HEMAGGLUTININ; HUMANS AB Background: Avian influenza virus (AIV) infections have caused heavy economic losses to the poultry industry in Pakistan as well as numerous other regions worldwide. The first introduction of H7N3 AIV to Pakistan occurred during 1995, since then H7N3, H9N2 and H5N1 AIVs have each been sporadically isolated. This report evaluates the genetic origin of the H7N3 viruses from Pakistan collected 1995-2004 and how they disseminated within the country. To accomplish this we produced whole genome sequences for 6 H7N3 viruses and data for the HA and NA genes of an additional 7 isolates. All available sequence from H7N3 AIV from Pakistan was included in the analysis. Results: Phylogenetic analysis revealed that there were two introductions of H7 into Pakistan and one N3 introduction. Only one of the H7 introductions appears to have become established in poultry in Pakistan, while the other was isolated from two separate outbreaks 6 years apart. The data also shows that reassortment has occurred between H7N3 and H9N2 viruses in the field, likely during co-infection of poultry. Also, with the exception of these few reassortant isolates, all 8 genes in the predominant H7N3 virus lineage have evolved to be phylogenetically distinct. Conclusions: Although rigorous control measures have been implemented in commercial poultry in Pakistan, AIV is sporadically transmitted to poultry and among the different poultry industry compartments (broilers, broiler breeders, table egg layers). Since there is one primary H7 lineage which persists and that has reassorted with the H9N2 AIV in poultry, it suggests that there is a reservoir with some link commercial poultry. On a general level, this offers insight into the molecular ecology of AIV in poultry where the virus has persisted despite vaccination and biosecurity. This data also illustrates the importance of sustained surveillance for AIVs in poultry. C1 [Spackman, Erica; Swayne, David E.; Sarmento, Luciana] ARS, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Res Unit, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Abbas, Muhammad A.; Ahmed, Zaheer; SiddiquE, Naila; Naeem, Khalid] NARC, ASI, Natl Reference Lab Poultry Dis, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan. [Abbas, Muhammad A.; Hameed, Abdul] Quaid I Azam Univ, Fac Biol Sci, Dept Microbiol & Biotechnol, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan. [Rehmani, Shafqat] SPVC, Karachi 74900, Pakistan. RP Spackman, E (reprint author), ARS, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Res Unit, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM erica.spackman@ars.usda.gov RI hameed, Abdul/F-5145-2015 FU United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Joan Beck, Kira Moresco, Scott Lee, Melissa Scott and Joyce Bennett for technical assistance with this work. Funding was provided by the United States Department of State Biosecurity Engagement Program through a Memorandum of Agreement with the United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD JUN 24 PY 2010 VL 7 AR 137 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-7-137 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 630WY UT WOS:000280307400001 PM 20576101 ER PT J AU Griswold, T Miller, W AF Griswold, Terry Miller, Wensdae TI A Revision of Perdita (Xerophasma) Timberlake (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Apoidea; Andrenidae; Perdita; Camissonia; Oenothera; Mojave Desert; nocturnal bee; key AB Three new species of Perdita (Xerophasma) endemic to the Mojave Desert are described: P. celadona Griswold and Miller and P. vespertina Griswold and Miller from eastern Clark County, Nevada, and P. rhondae Griswold from Death Valley, California. The subgenus is redescribed to accommodate these new species. New distributional records for P. bequaertiana and P. pallida and a key to the species of the subgenus are provided. A well supported phylogeny suggests evolution toward nocturnal foraging expressed in increasing ocellar size and a trend toward totally pale integument. The apparent origin and center of diversity for the group is the eastern Mojave Desert. C1 [Griswold, Terry; Miller, Wensdae] Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Griswold, T (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM terry.griswold@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUN 24 PY 2010 IS 2517 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 614OM UT WOS:000279069500001 ER PT J AU Fuller, TL Saatchi, SS Curd, EE Toffelmier, E Thomassen, HA Buermann, W DeSante, DF Nott, MP Saracco, JF Ralph, CJ Alexander, JD Pollinger, JP Smith, TB AF Fuller, Trevon L. Saatchi, Sassan S. Curd, Emily E. Toffelmier, Erin Thomassen, Henri A. Buermann, Wolfgang DeSante, David F. Nott, Mark P. Saracco, James F. Ralph, C. J. Alexander, John D. Pollinger, John P. Smith, Thomas B. TI Mapping the risk of avian influenza in wild birds in the US SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID A VIRUSES; UNITED-STATES; LOW-PATHOGENICITY; NORTH-AMERICA; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; H5N1 VIRUS; HPAI H5N1; SPREAD; INFECTION; MIGRATION AB Background: Avian influenza virus (AIV) is an important public health issue because pandemic influenza viruses in people have contained genes from viruses that infect birds. The H5 and H7 AIV subtypes have periodically mutated from low pathogenicity to high pathogenicity form. Analysis of the geographic distribution of AIV can identify areas where reassortment events might occur and how high pathogenicity influenza might travel if it enters wild bird populations in the US. Modelling the number of AIV cases is important because the rate of co-infection with multiple AIV subtypes increases with the number of cases and co-infection is the source of reassortment events that give rise to new strains of influenza, which occurred before the 1968 pandemic. Aquatic birds in the orders Anseriformes and Charadriiformes have been recognized as reservoirs of AIV since the 1970s. However, little is known about influenza prevalence in terrestrial birds in the order Passeriformes. Since passerines share the same habitat as poultry, they may be more effective transmitters of the disease to humans than aquatic birds. We analyze 152 passerine species including the American Robin (Turdus migratorius) and Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus). Methods: We formulate a regression model to predict AIV cases throughout the US at the county scale as a function of 12 environmental variables, sampling effort, and proximity to other counties with influenza outbreaks. Our analysis did not distinguish between types of influenza, including low or highly pathogenic forms. Results: Analysis of 13,046 cloacal samples collected from 225 bird species in 41 US states between 2005 and 2008 indicates that the average prevalence of influenza in passerines is greater than the prevalence in eight other avian orders. Our regression model identifies the Great Plains and the Pacific Northwest as high-risk areas for AIV. Highly significant predictors of AIV include the amount of harvested cropland and the first day of the year when a county is snow free. Conclusions: Although the prevalence of influenza in waterfowl has long been appreciated, we show that 22 species of song birds and perching birds (order Passeriformes) are influenza reservoirs in the contiguous US. C1 [Fuller, Trevon L.; Saatchi, Sassan S.; Curd, Emily E.; Toffelmier, Erin; Thomassen, Henri A.; Buermann, Wolfgang; Pollinger, John P.; Smith, Thomas B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Trop Res, Inst Environm, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Saatchi, Sassan S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Radar Sci & Engn Sect, Radar Sci Tech Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Curd, Emily E.; Smith, Thomas B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Buermann, Wolfgang] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [DeSante, David F.; Nott, Mark P.; Saracco, James F.] Inst Bird Populat, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. [Ralph, C. J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Alexander, John D.] Klamath Bird Observ, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP Fuller, TL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Trop Res, Inst Environm, La Kretz Hall,Suite 300,Box 951496, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM fullertl@ucla.edu RI Fuller, Trevon/B-8087-2014 FU National Science Foundation-National Institute of Health [EF-0430146]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [EID-1R01AI074059-01]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN266200400041C] FX This work was supported by the joint National Science Foundation-National Institute of Health Ecology of Infectious Diseases Program (grant number EF-0430146); and by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (grant number EID-1R01AI074059-01). We thank the LaMNA, MAPS, and MAWS personnel and partners who collected the samples included in this analysis. Thanks are due to Betty J. Reardon and Stavana Strutz for comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. We thank two reviewers for comments that improved the quality of manuscript. For discussions we thank Francois Elvinger, Ryan Harrigan, and Falk Huettmann. The BioHealthBase Bioinformatics Resource Center has been wholly funded with Federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under Contract No. HHSN266200400041C. NR 81 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 26 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD JUN 23 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 187 DI 10.1186/1471-2334-10-187 PG 13 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 666RJ UT WOS:000283135800001 PM 20573228 ER PT J AU Chen, GY Miao, SI AF Chen, Guoying Miao, Shui TI HPLC Determination and MS Confirmation of Malachite Green, Gentian Violet, and Their Leuco Metabolite Residues in Channel Catfish Muscle SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Malachite green; gentian violet; leucomalachite green; leucogentian violet; triphenylmethane; catfish; HPLC-MS ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PRESSURE CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LEUCOMALACHITE GREEN; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; TRIPHENYLMETHANE DYES; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; LEUCOGENTIAN VIOLET; AQUATIC PRODUCTS; B6C3F(1) MICE AB Residues of malachite green (MG), gentian violet (GV), and their leuco metabolites in channel catfish muscle were individually determined by HPLC using diode array and fluorescence detectors and confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry. This detection scheme obviates a PbO(2) reactor that converts leuco forms to chromatic forms for absorbance detection, therefore eliminating uncertainties in oxidant depletion and data integrity. Extraction was performed once in pH 3 Mcllvaine buffer and acetonitrile, followed by cleanup using a polymeric strong cation-exchange column. Liquid liquid extraction was excluded to provide an environmentally responsible and relatively rapid protocol. Spectrometric limits of detection (LOD; S/N = 3) for MG (lambda = 620 nm) and GV (lambda = 588 nm) were 0.38 and 0.26 ng/g with 44.5-49.2% and 92.2-101.4% recoveries (1-10 ng/g, n=6), respectively. Fluorometric LOD (S/N = 3) for LMG and LGV (lambda(ex) = 266 nm, lambda(em),= 360 nm) were 0.10 and 0.09 ng/g with 74.3-84.5% and 80.6-86.5% recoveries (1-10 ng/g, n=6), respectively. This simplified protocol saves costs and meets the sensitivity requirements set by the Food and Drug Administration and the European Union. C1 [Chen, Guoying] USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Miao, Shui] Shanghai Inst Food & Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China. RP Chen, GY (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM guoying.chen@ars.usda.gov RI Chen, Guoying/C-6800-2015 OI Chen, Guoying/0000-0001-9532-0696 NR 26 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 23 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 12 BP 7109 EP 7114 DI 10.1021/jf9043925 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 610BJ UT WOS:000278704000001 PM 20481609 ER PT J AU Liu, H Zhu, JY Fu, SY AF Liu, H. Zhu, J. Y. Fu, S. Y. TI Effects of Lignin-Metal Complexation on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Enzyme adsorption; inhibition; cellulose hydrolysis/saccharificatio; calcium; magnesium; lignin-metal complex ID CALCIUM-IONS; PULP FIBERS; LIGNOCELLULOSE; ETHANOL; SACCHARIFICATION; PRETREATMENT; SURFACTANTS; ADSORPTION; SOFTWOOD; ENHANCE AB This study investigated the inhibition of enzymatic hydrolysis by unbound lignin (soluble and insoluble) with or without the addition of metal compounds. Sulfonated, Organosolv, and Kraft lignin were added in aqueous enzyme cellulose systems at different concentrations before hydrolysis. The measured substrate enzymatic digestibility (SED) of cellulose was decreased by 15% when SL was added to a concentration of 0.1 g/L due to nonproductive adsorption of enzymes onto lignin. Cu(II) and Fe(III) were found to inhibit enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis in the presence of lignin. Ca(II) and Mg(II) were found to reduce or eliminate nonproductive enzyme adsorption by the formation of lignin metal complex. The addition of Ca(II) or Mg(II) to a concentration of 10 mM can almost completely eliminate the reduction in SED caused by the nonproductive enzyme adsorption onto the lignins studied (SL, OL, or KL at concentration of 0.1 g/L). Ca(II) was also found to reduce the inhibitive effect of bound lignin in pretreated wood substrate, suggesting that Ca(II) can also form complex with bound lignin on pretreated solid lignocelluloses. Significant improvement in SED of about over 27% of a eucalyptus substrate produced by sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) was achieved with the application of Ca(II). C1 [Liu, H.; Zhu, J. Y.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Liu, H.; Fu, S. Y.] S China Univ Technol, State Key Lab Pulp & Paper Engn, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Liu, H.; Zhu, J. Y.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us RI fu, shiyu/K-4213-2012 FU U.S. Forest Service FX Received for review January 14, 2010. Revised manuscript received April 29, 2010. Accepted May 20, 2010. We acknowledge the U.S. Forest Service through the Program of Woody Biomass, Bioenergy, and Bioproducts (2009) and the Chinese Scholarship Council for providing financial support to H. Liu for his visiting appointment at the University of Wisconsin Madison and U.S. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. This work was conducted on official government time by Zhu, while Liu was a visiting student at the University of Wisconsin Madison and the U.S. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. NR 34 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 58 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 23 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 12 BP 7233 EP 7238 DI 10.1021/jf1001588 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 610BJ UT WOS:000278704000018 PM 20509690 ER PT J AU Ruiz-Matute, AI Weiss, M Sammataro, D Finely, J Sanz, ML AF Isabel Ruiz-Matute, Ana Weiss, Milagra Sammataro, Diana Finely, Jennifer Luz Sanz, Maria TI Carbohydrate Composition of High-Fructose Corn Syrups (HFCS) Used for Bee Feeding: Effect on Honey Composition SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS); sucrose syrup (SS); HMF; honey; bees; carbohydrates ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SUGAR SYRUPS; HPAEC-PAD; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ADULTERATION; DISACCHARIDES; PERFORMANCE AB In this study, the carbohydrate composition of high-fructose corn syrups (HFCS) from commercial manufacturers as well as from beekeepers was characterized by GC-MS. Sucrose syrups (SS) were also included in this work for comparison. Fructosyl-fructoses and some unknown carbohydrates, which could correspond to fructosyl-glucoses, have been detected in HFCS for the first time, whereas SS were mainly characterized by the high contents of sucrose. Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content of samples supplied by beekeepers was much more variable; the mean level of HMF was 64.61 ppm (+/- 16.92 ppm, 95% CI ranging from 26.91 to 102.31 ppm). Syrups were used to feed caged bees and the resulting honeys produced were analyzed in order to determine their influence in carbohydrate composition. Fructosyl-fructoses were mainly detected in honeys from bees fed with HFCS, but not from those honeys coming from free-flying bees or bees fed with SS. C1 [Isabel Ruiz-Matute, Ana; Luz Sanz, Maria] CSIC, Inst Quim Organ Gen, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Weiss, Milagra; Sammataro, Diana; Finely, Jennifer] USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Honey Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Sanz, ML (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Quim Organ Gen, Juan Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. EM mlsanz@iqog.csic.es RI Sanz, Maria Luz/G-3815-2011 OI Ruiz-Matute, Ana Isabel/0000-0001-9143-8128; Sanz, Maria Luz/0000-0002-8156-4734 FU CICYT [CTQ2006-14993/BQU]; Comunidad de Madrid [ANALISYC2]; Project Apis mellifera (Pam); Society for the Preservation of Honey Bees FX This work has been funded by Projects CTQ2006-14993/BQU (financed by CICYT) and ANALISYC2 (financed by Comunidad de Madrid). The Project Apis mellifera (Pam) and The Society for the Preservation of Honey Bees funded the work in Arizona. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 7 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 23 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 12 BP 7317 EP 7322 DI 10.1021/jf100758x PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 610BJ UT WOS:000278704000030 PM 20491475 ER PT J AU Krishnan, HB Kerley, MS Allee, GL Jang, SC Kim, WS Fu, CJ AF Krishnan, Hari B. Kerley, Monty S. Allee, Gary L. Jang, Sungchan Kim, Won-Seok Fu, Chunjiang J. TI Maize 27 kDa gamma-Zein Is a Potential Allergen for Early Weaned Pigs SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Allergen; gamma-zein; maize; pigs ID SOYBEAN PROTEINS; MAJOR ALLERGEN; PIGLETS; HYPERSENSITIVITY; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; ENDOSPERM; RESPONSES; MUTATION; EPITOPE AB Soybean and maize are extensively used in animal feed, primarily in poultry, swine, and cattle diets. Soybean meal can affect pig performance in the first few weeks following weaning and elicit specific antibodies in weaned piglets. Though maize is a major component of pig feed, it is not known if any of the maize proteins can elicit immunological response in young pigs. In this study, we have identified a prominent 27 kDa protein from maize as an immunodominant protein in young pigs. This protein, like some known allergens, exhibited resistance to pepsin digestion in vitro. Several lines of evidence identify the immunodominant 27 kDa protein as a gamma-zein, a maize seed storage protein. First, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis of different solubility classes of maize seed proteins revealed the presence of an abundant 27 kDa protein in the prolamin (zein) fraction. Antibodies raised against the purified maize 27 kDa gamma-zein also reacted against the same protein recognized by the young pig serum. Additionally, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of the peptides generated by trypsin digestion of the immunodominant 27 kDa protein showed significant homology to the maize 27 kDa gamma-zein. Since eliminating the allergenic protein will have a great impact on the nutritive value of the maize meal and expand its use in the livestock industry, it will be highly desirable to develop maize cultivars completely lacking the 27 kDa allergenic protein. C1 [Krishnan, Hari B.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Krishnan, Hari B.; Jang, Sungchan] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kerley, Monty S.; Allee, Gary L.; Kim, Won-Seok; Fu, Chunjiang J.] Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, Anim Sci Ctr S108, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 108W Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Hari.Krishnan@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 23 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 12 BP 7323 EP 7328 DI 10.1021/jf100927u PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 610BJ UT WOS:000278704000031 PM 20491474 ER PT J AU Zitomer, NC Jones, S Bacon, C Glenn, AE Baldwin, T Riley, RT AF Zitomer, Nicholas C. Jones, Samantha Bacon, Charles Glenn, Anthony E. Baldwin, Thomas Riley, Ronald T. TI Translocation of Sphingoid Bases and Their 1-Phosphates, but Not Fumonisins, from Roots to Aerial Tissues of Maize Seedlings Watered with Fumonisins SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fumonisins; Fusarium verticillioides; sphinganine; phytosphingosine; sphingoid base 1-phosphates ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; METABOLISM; DISRUPTION; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; SPHINGOLIPIDS; BIOSYNTHESIS; ARABIDOPSIS AB In an earlier study using maize seedlings grown from kernels inoculated with Fusarium verticillioides, fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) was preferentially accumulated in leaf tissue compared to FB(2) and FB(3). The present study tested whether maize seedlings preferentially translocate FB(1) when plants are watered with FB(1) and/or FB(2) without the fungus present. The results show that neither FB(1) nor FB(2) was translocated when administered in the watering solution, and although both FB(1) and FB(2) were taken up by the roots, the accumulation of FB(2) in roots was significantly less than expected, indicating that FB(1) was preferentially accumulated. In addition, there was clear evidence of ceramide synthase inhibition in the roots and sphingoid base and sphingoid base 1-phosphates accumulated in leaf tissue presumably due to translocation from the roots. These findings suggest that the fungus plant interaction is necessary for FB(1) translocation in maize seedlings infected with F. verticillioides. C1 [Zitomer, Nicholas C.; Bacon, Charles; Glenn, Anthony E.; Baldwin, Thomas; Riley, Ronald T.] USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, RB Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Jones, Samantha] S Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Orangeburg, SC 29117 USA. RP Zitomer, NC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, RB Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM nik.zitomer@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 23 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 12 BP 7476 EP 7481 DI 10.1021/jf100142d PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 610BJ UT WOS:000278704000053 PM 20486705 ER PT J AU Eggert, D Thomas, C Spackman, E Pritchard, N Rojo, F Bublot, M Swayne, DE AF Eggert, Dawn Thomas, Colleen Spackman, Erica Pritchard, Nikki Rojo, Francisco Bublot, Michel Swayne, David E. TI Characterization and efficacy determination of commercially available Central American H5N2 avian influenza vaccines for poultry SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Chickens; Low pathogenicity avian influenza; H5N2; Vaccine ID NORTH-AMERICA; HONG-KONG; VIRUS; CHICKENS; HEMAGGLUTININ; EVOLUTION; MEXICO; INFECTION; IMMUNITY; UPDATE AB A poultry vaccination program was implemented in Central America beginning in January 1995 to control both H5N2 low (LPAI) and high pathogenicity avian influenza. This study was conducted to identify seed strain composition and the efficacy of 10 commercially available H5 vaccines against challenge with H5N2 LPAI viruses isolated from Latin America in 2003. The original 1994 vaccine seed virus in commercial inactivated vaccines did not significantly reduce challenge virus shed titers. However, two seed strains of inactivated vaccines, genetically more closely related to the challenge virus, did significantly reduce titers of challenge virus shed from respiratory tract. In addition, a live recombinant fowlpox virus vaccine containing a more distantly related Eurasian lineage H5 gene insert significantly reduced respiratory shedding as compared to sham vaccinates. These results demonstrate the feasibility of identifying vaccine seed strains in commercial finished products for regulatory verification and the need for periodic challenge testing against current field strains in order to select efficacious vaccine seed strains. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Eggert, Dawn; Thomas, Colleen; Spackman, Erica; Swayne, David E.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Thomas, Colleen] US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Pritchard, Nikki] Merial Select Inc, R&D, Gainesville, GA 30501 USA. [Rojo, Francisco] Merial Mexico SA CV, Mexico City 76246, DF, Mexico. [Bublot, Michel] Merial SAS, R&D, F-69007 Lyon, France. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM David.Swayne@ars.usda.gov FU USDA [6612-32000-048-00D]; Trust Agreement [58-6612-7-171] FX This research was supported by USDA CRIS project 6612-32000-048-00D and Trust Agreement 58-6612-7-171. Joan R. Beck, James Doster, Kira Moresco, and Scott Lee are thanked for providing excellent technical assistance. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUN 23 PY 2010 VL 28 IS 29 BP 4609 EP 4615 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.04.081 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 625AO UT WOS:000279863900012 PM 20470798 ER PT J AU Long-Croal, LM Wen, XB Ostlund, EN Hoshino, Y AF Long-Croal, LaShanda M. Wen, Xiaobo Ostlund, Eileen N. Hoshino, Yasutaka TI Concentration of acrylamide in a polyacrylamide gel affects VP4 gene coding assignment of group A equine rotavirus strains with P[12] specificity SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GENOMIC CHARACTERIZATION; G-SEROTYPE; ELECTROPHORESIS; DIARRHEA; BOVINE; IDENTIFICATION; NEUTRALIZATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; ASSAY AB Background: It is universally acknowledged that genome segment 4 of group A rotavirus, the major etiologic agent of severe diarrhea in infants and neonatal farm animals, encodes outer capsid neutralization and protective antigen VP4. Results: To determine which genome segment of three group A equine rotavirus strains (H-2, FI-14 and FI-23) with P[12] specificity encodes the VP4, we analyzed dsRNAs of strains H-2, FI-14 and FI-23 as well as their reassortants by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) at varying concentrations of acrylamide. The relative position of the VP4 gene of the three equine P[12] strains varied (either genome segment 3 or 4) depending upon the concentration of acrylamide. The VP4 gene bearing P[3], P[4], P[6], P[7], P[8] or P[18] specificity did not exhibit this phenomenon when the PAGE running conditions were varied. Conclusions: The concentration of acrylamide in a PAGE gel affected VP4 gene coding assignment of equine rotavirus strains bearing P[12] specificity. C1 [Long-Croal, LaShanda M.; Wen, Xiaobo; Hoshino, Yasutaka] NIAID, Rotavirus Vaccine Dev Sect, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Ostlund, Eileen N.] US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD 20994 USA. [Ostlund, Eileen N.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Diagnost Virol Lab, Natl Vet Serv Labs, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Hoshino, Y (reprint author), NIAID, Rotavirus Vaccine Dev Sect, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM thoshino@niaid.nih.gov FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, USA FX We thank Dr. Albert Z. Kapikian for continuing support of the project and Ronald Jones for his excellent technical support. This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD JUN 23 PY 2010 VL 7 AR 136 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-7-136 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 630WX UT WOS:000280307300001 PM 20573245 ER PT J AU Nayak, A Marks, D Chandler, DG Seyfried, M AF Nayak, A. Marks, D. Chandler, D. G. Seyfried, M. TI Long-term snow, climate, and streamflow trends at the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed, Owyhee Mountains, Idaho, United States SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; COVER ENERGY-BALANCE; RAIN-ON-SNOW; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; HYDROLOGICAL SERIES; SOIL-MOISTURE; DUAL-GAUGE; PRECIPITATION; RUNOFF AB Forty-five water years (1962-2006) of carefully measured temperature, precipitation, snow, and streamflow data for valley bottom, midelevation, and high-elevation sites within the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed, located in the state of Idaho, United States, were analyzed to evaluate the extent and magnitude of the impact of climate warming on the hydrology and related resources in the interior northwestern United States. This analysis shows significant trends of increasing temperature at all elevations, with larger increases in daily minimum than daily maximum. The proportion of snow to rain has decreased at all elevations, with the largest and most significant decreases at midelevations and low elevations. Maximum seasonal snow water equivalent has decreased at all elevations, again with the most significant decreases at lower elevations, where the length of the snow season has decreased by nearly a month. All trends show a significant elevation gradient in either timing or magnitude. Though interannual variability is large, there has been no significant change in water year total precipitation or streamflow. Streamflow shows a seasonal shift, stronger at high elevations and delayed at lower elevations, to larger winter and early spring flows and reduced late spring and summer flows. C1 [Nayak, A.] Sutron Corp, Hydrol Serv Div, W Palm Beach, FL 33411 USA. [Marks, D.; Seyfried, M.] ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Chandler, D. G.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Nayak, A (reprint author), Sutron Corp, Hydrol Serv Div, 2253 Vista Pkwy, W Palm Beach, FL 33411 USA. EM ars.danny@gmail.com RI Chandler, David/E-4543-2013 OI Chandler, David/0000-0002-8662-2892 FU USDA-CSREES [2005-34552-15828]; USDA ARS Northwest Watershed Research Center FX The data used for this analysis were provided through the careful and diligent work of the many individuals who worked for the USDA Agricultural Research Service at the Northwest Watershed Research Center in Boise, Idaho, during the past 50 years. The authors would like to specifically thank Adam Winstral and Michele Reba from the USDA Northwest Watershed Research Center, Tim Link from the University of Idaho, John Pomeroy from the University of Saskatchewan, and Richard Essery from the University of Edinburgh for their assistance, advice, and guidance during this analysis. This research was supported by USDA-CSREES SRGP award 2005-34552-15828 and the USDA ARS Northwest Watershed Research Center. Any reference to specific equipment types or manufacturers is for information purposes and does not represent a product endorsement. NR 76 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN 23 PY 2010 VL 46 AR W06519 DI 10.1029/2008WR007525 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 617XU UT WOS:000279316000001 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, D Ascunce, MS AF Shoemaker, DeWayne Ascunce, Marina S. TI A new method for distinguishing colony social forms of the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE assays; budding; introduced; monogynous; native; polygynous ID HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; ORGANIZATION; EVOLUTION; POLYGYNE; BEHAVIOR; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; QUEENS; PROBES AB Two distinct forms of colony social organization occur in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): colonies of the monogyne social form are headed by a single egg-laying queen, whereas those of the polygyne social form contain multiple egg-laying queens. This major difference in social organization is associated with genetic variation at a single gene (Gp-9) whereby all polygyne queens possess at least one b-like allele, while monogyne queens lack such b-like alleles and instead harbor B-like alleles only. Further, a recent study of native populations revealed that all b-like alleles in polygyne queens consistently contain three diagnostic amino acid residues: possession of only one or two of these critical residues is not sufficient for polygyny. TaqMan (R) allelic discrimination assays were developed to survey the variable nucleotide sites associated with these three critical amino acid residues. The assays were validated by surveying nests of known social form from the species' introduced in the USA and from native South American ranges, as well as by comparing the results to Gp-9 sequence data from a subset of samples. The results demonstrate these new molecular assays consistently and accurately identify the variable nucleotides at all three sites characteristic of the B-like and b-like Gp-9 allele classes, allowing for accurate determination of colony social form. C1 [Shoemaker, DeWayne; Ascunce, Marina S.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Shoemaker, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM dewayne.shoemaker@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JUN 22 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 73 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 622NZ UT WOS:000279671800005 PM 20673191 ER PT J AU Aronstein, KA Murray, KD Saldivar, E AF Aronstein, Katherine A. Murray, Keith D. Saldivar, Eduardo TI Transcriptional responses in Honey Bee larvae infected with chalkbrood fungus SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE BACTERIAL-INFECTIONS; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE GENES; DROSOPHILA IMMUNE-RESPONSE; EXOCYST COMPONENT SEC5; APIS-MELLIFERA; STEROL HOMEOSTASIS; RNA INTERFERENCE; INSECT CHITINASE; SERINE-PROTEASE; IMD PATHWAYS AB Background: Diseases and other stress factors working synergistically weaken honey bee health and may play a major role in the losses of bee populations in recent years. Among a large number of bee diseases, chalkbrood has been on the rise. We present here the experimental identification of honey bee genes that are differentially expressed in response to infection of honey bee larvae with the chalkbrood fungus, Ascosphaera apis. Results: We used cDNA-AFLP (R) Technology to profile transcripts in infected and uninfected bee larvae. From 64 primer combinations, over 7,400 transcriptionally-derived fragments were obtained A total of 98 reproducible polymorphic cDNA-AFLP fragments were excised and sequenced, followed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of these and additional samples. We have identified a number of differentially-regulated transcripts that are implicated in general mechanisms of stress adaptation, including energy metabolism and protein transport. One of the most interesting differentially-regulated transcripts is for a chitinase-like enzyme that may be linked to anti-fungal activities in the honey bee larvae, similarly to gut and fat-body specific chitinases found in mosquitoes and the red flour beetle. Surprisingly, we did not find many components of the well-characterized NF-kappa B intracellular signaling pathways to be differentially-regulated using the cDNA-AFLP approach. Therefore, utilizing qRT-PCR, we probed some of the immune related genes to determine whether the lack of up-regulation of their transcripts in our analysis can be attributed to lack of immune activation or to limitations of the cDNA-AFLP approach. Conclusions: Using a combination of cDNA-AFLP and qRT-PCR analyses, we were able to determine several key transcriptional events that constitute the overall effort in the honey bee larvae to fight natural fungal infection. Honey bee transcripts identified in this study are involved in critical functions related to transcriptional regulation, apoptotic degradation of ubiquitinated proteins, nutritional regulation, and RNA processing. We found that immune regulation of the anti-fungal responses in honey bee involves highly coordinated activation of both NF-kappa B signaling pathways, leading to production of anti-microbial peptides. Significantly, activation of immune responses in the infected bee larvae was associated with down-regulation of major storage proteins, leading to depletion of nutritional resources. C1 [Aronstein, Katherine A.; Murray, Keith D.; Saldivar, Eduardo] USDA ARS, Honey Bee Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Aronstein, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM Kate.Aronstein@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS Honey Bee Unit; CRIS [6204-21000-010-00D] FX We are indebted to Bob Cox and Arturo Cavazos for their expert beekeeping services and technical assistance in carrying out this study. This project is supported by the basic USDA-ARS Honey Bee Unit funds, CRIS Project #6204-21000-010-00D entitled "Pests, parasites, diseases and stress of managed honey bees used in honey production and pollination". NR 86 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 24 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JUN 21 PY 2010 VL 11 AR 391 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-11-391 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 632CS UT WOS:000280398400001 PM 20565973 ER PT J AU Rightmyer, MG Griswold, T AF Rightmyer, Molly G. Griswold, Terry TI Description of a new species of Osmia (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) from southwestern North America, with a redescription of the enigmatic species Osmia foxi Cameron SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Bee; Apoidea; Osmiini; Sierra Madre pine-oak forest ecoregion AB The Osmia of southwestern North America are not well known. A new species, Osmia (Acanthosmioides) palmula, and the enigmatic Osmia (Melanosmia) foxi Cameron, known only from the male holotype, are described and figured in both sexes, with additional comments on their distribution and biology. A checklist and key to the known Osmia species from Cochise County, Arizona, Hidalgo County, New Mexico, and adjacent counties in the United States are presented. C1 [Rightmyer, Molly G.; Griswold, Terry] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Rightmyer, MG (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, BNR 244 UMC 5310, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM molly_rightmyer@yahoo.com; terry.griswold@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUN 21 PY 2010 IS 2512 BP 26 EP 46 PG 21 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 613EL UT WOS:000278960700002 ER PT J AU Dhar, AK Kaizer, KN Lakshman, DK AF Dhar, Arun K. Kaizer, Krista N. Lakshman, Dilip K. TI Transcriptional analysis of Penaeus stylirostris densovirus genes SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Penaeus stylirostris densovirus; PstDNV; IHHNV; Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic; Necrosis virus; Shrimp ID HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; MINK DISEASE PARVOVIRUS; AEDES-DENSONUCLEOSIS VIRUS; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; MESSENGER-RNA; GENOMIC ORGANIZATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MINUTE VIRUS; POLYADENYLATION SIGNAL; CANINE PARVOVIRUS AB Penaeus stylirostris densovirus (PstDNV) genome contains three open reading frames (ORFs), left, middle, and right, which encode a non-structural (NS) protein, an unknown protein, and a capsid protein (CP), respectively. Transcription mapping revealed that P2, P11 and P61 promoters transcribe the left, middle and right ORFs. NS transcript uses the D1/A1 donor/acceptor sites for splicing and has two alternate transcription termination sites (TTS) that were different from the previously predicted ITS. The transcription initiation site (TIS) and the TTS for the middle and the right ORFs conform to predicted sites. PstDNV transcript quantification in infected shrimp revealed that the NS and CP transcripts were expressed at an equivalent level and significantly higher than the middle ORF transcript. In vitro assay showed that P2 had the highest promoter activity followed by P11 and P61. Transcription mapping data provided new insights into PstDNV gene expression strategy. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Dhar, Arun K.; Kaizer, Krista N.] Viracine Therapeut Corp, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Dhar, Arun K.; Kaizer, Krista N.] Adv BioNutr Corp, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Lakshman, Dilip K.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dhar, AK (reprint author), Viracine Therapeut Corp, 7155-H Columbia Gateway Dr, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. EM adhar@viracinetherapeutics.com FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) Chemical and Biological Technologies Directorate Transformational Medical Technologies Initiative under DTRA [HDTRA1-07-C-0078]; Advanced BioNutrition Corp., Columbia, MD FX This project received support from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) Chemical and Biological Technologies Directorate Transformational Medical Technologies Initiative under DTRA contract HDTRA1-07-C-0078. Advanced BioNutrition Corp., Columbia, MD provided partial funding for this project. The authors would like to thank Dr. Nikolai van Beek for technical assistance, and Dr. Kenneth W. Hasson, Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX for performing the PstDNV bioassay. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUN 20 PY 2010 VL 402 IS 1 BP 112 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2010.03.006 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 600EN UT WOS:000277967500012 PM 20381108 ER PT J AU Lim, HS Vaira, AM Domier, LL Lee, SC Kim, HG Hammond, J AF Lim, Hyoun-Sub Vaira, Anna Maria Domier, Leslie L. Lee, Sung Chul Kim, Hong Gi Hammond, John TI Efficiency of VIGS and gene expression in a novel bipartite potexvirus vector delivery system as a function of strength of TGB1 silencing suppression SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Potexvirus; Plant viral vector; Bipartite launch system; In vivo transcription; VIGS; Agroinfiltration; Alternanthera mosaic virus ID ALTERNANTHERA-MOSAIC-VIRUS; BACTERIOPHAGE-T7 RNA-POLYMERASE; FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; BACTERIAL GENE; DEFECTIVE RNA; 35S PROMOTER; CDNA-CLONES; IN-VITRO; PLANTS; TRANSCRIPTS AB We have developed plant virus-based vectors for virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and protein expression, based on Alternanthera mosaic virus (AltMV), for infection of a wide range of host plants including Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana by either mechanical inoculation of in vitro transcripts or via agroinfiltration. In vivo transcripts produced by co-agroinfiltration of bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase resulted in T7-driven AltMV infection from a binary vector in the absence of the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. An artificial bipartite viral vector delivery system was created by separating the AltMV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and Triple Gene Block (TGB)123-Coat protein (CP) coding regions into two constructs each bearing the AltMV 5' and 3' non-coding regions, which recombined in planta to generate a full-length AltMV genome. Substitution of TGB1 L(88)P, and equivalent changes in other potexvirus TGB1 proteins, affected RNA silencing suppression efficacy and suitability of the vectors from protein expression to VIGS. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lim, Hyoun-Sub; Vaira, Anna Maria; Hammond, John] USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Vaira, Anna Maria] CNR, Ist Virol Vegetale, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Domier, Leslie L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lee, Sung Chul] Chung Ang Univ, Dept Life Sci, Seoul 156756, South Korea. [Kim, Hong Gi] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Agr Biol, Taejon 135030, South Korea. RP Hammond, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, B-004,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Hyoun-Sub.Lim@ars.usda.gov; AnnaMaria.Vaira@ars.usda.gov; Leslie.Domier@ars.usda.gov; sclee1972@cau.ac.kr; hgkim@cnu.ac.kr; John.Hammond@ars.usda.gov RI Vaira, Anna Maria/B-9082-2015 NR 57 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUN 20 PY 2010 VL 402 IS 1 BP 149 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2010.03.022 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA 600EN UT WOS:000277967500016 PM 20381827 ER PT J AU Kinne, M Zeisig, C Ullrich, R Kayser, G Hammel, KE Hofrichter, M AF Kinne, Matthias Zeisig, Christian Ullrich, Rene Kayser, Gernot Hammel, Kenneth E. Hofrichter, Martin TI Stepwise oxygenations of toluene and 4-nitrotoluene by a fungal peroxygenase SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Oxygenase; Peroxidase; Peroxygenase; P450; Toluene; 4-Nitrotoluene; Benzylic hydroxylation; Benzaldehyde; Oxidation ID AGROCYBE-AEGERITA; NITRO-COMPOUNDS; CYTOCHROME-P-450; HYDROXYLATION AB Fungal peroxygenases have recently been shown to catalyze remarkable oxidation reactions. The present study addresses the mechanism of benzylic oxygenations catalyzed by the extracellular peroxygenase of the agaric basidiomycete Agrocybe aegerita. The peroxygenase oxidized toluene and 4-nitrotoluene via the corresponding alcohols and aldehydes to give benzoic acids. The reactions proceeded stepwise with total conversions of 93% for toluene and 12% for 4-nitrotoluene. Using H(2)(18)O(2) as the co-substrate, we show here that H(2)O(2) is the source of the oxygen introduced at each reaction step.A. aegerita peroxygenase resembles cytochromes P450 and heme chloroperoxidase in catalyzing benzylic hydroxylations. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kinne, Matthias; Zeisig, Christian; Ullrich, Rene; Kayser, Gernot; Hofrichter, Martin] Int Grad Sch Zittau, Unit Environm Biotechnol, D-02763 Zittau, Germany. [Hammel, Kenneth E.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Kinne, M (reprint author), Int Grad Sch Zittau, Unit Environm Biotechnol, Markt 23, D-02763 Zittau, Germany. EM kinne@ihi-zittau.de RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011 OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847 FU Konrad Adenauer Foundation; Fulbright Foundation; Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt [13225-32]; European Union [609910] FX We thank Martin Kluge (Inge) and Marzena Poraj-Kobielska for fruitful discussions. This work was supported by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, the Fulbright Foundation, the Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (Project No. 13225-32) and the European Union (integrated project "BIORENEW", European Social Fund project number 609910). NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD JUN 18 PY 2010 VL 397 IS 1 BP 18 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.05.036 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 617PI UT WOS:000279292800004 PM 20470751 ER PT J AU Byrdwell, WC AF Byrdwell, William Craig TI Dual parallel mass spectrometry for lipid and vitamin D analysis SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Review DE Lipids; Vitamin D; APCI-MS; ESI-MS; Mass spectrometry; Triacylglycerols; Phospholipids; Sphingomyelin; Milk; Orange juice ID 2-DIMENSIONAL LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; CELLULAR LIPIDOMES; SHOTGUN LIPIDOMICS; BOVINE BRAIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROLS; DIHYDROSPHINGOMYELIN; SPHINGOMYELIN; PURIFICATION AB There are numerous options for mass spectrometric analysis of lipids, including different types of ionization, and a wide variety of experiments using different scan modes that can be conducted. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) provide complementary types of information that are both desirable. However, the duty cycle of the mass spectrometer places limits on the number of experiments that can be performed, and instruments usually employ only one type of ionization at a time. This work describes the approaches we have used that employ two mass spectrometers in parallel or in a column-switching configuration that allows multiple ionization modes and types of experiments to be conducted simultaneously during a single chromatographic run. These data demonstrate how use of two systems can reduce or eliminate the need for repeat injections and repetitive experiments. Approaches are described that employ two mass spectrometers connected in parallel as detectors for a single chromatographic system (LC1/MS2) or that employ two liquid chromatographs and two mass spectrometers in a column-switching arrangement (LC2/MS2). Examples of LC1/MS2 analyses of triacylglycerols (TAGS), sphingolipids, and vitamin D are given, as well as an example of an LC2/MS2 experiment that is used to perform analysis of both polar and non-polar lipids in a total lipid extract. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Byrdwell, WC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM C.Byrdwell@ARS.USDA.gov OI Byrdwell, William/0000-0001-8241-428X FU USDA Agricultural Research Service FX Portions of this work were supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service. The work and assistance of William E. Neff and Richard H. Perry is gratefully acknowledged. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUN 18 PY 2010 VL 1217 IS 25 SI SI BP 3992 EP 4003 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.101 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 610ZC UT WOS:000278779000010 PM 20036769 ER PT J AU Fleury, D Luo, MC Dvorak, J Ramsay, L Gill, BS Anderson, OD You, FM Shoaei, Z Deal, KR Langridge, P AF Fleury, Delphine Luo, Ming-Cheng Dvorak, Jan Ramsay, Luke Gill, Bikram S. Anderson, Olin D. You, Frank M. Shoaei, Zahra Deal, Karin R. Langridge, Peter TI Physical mapping of a large plant genome using global high-information-content-fingerprinting: the distal region of the wheat ancestor Aegilops tauschii chromosome 3DS SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; BREAD WHEAT; BRACHYPODIUM-DISTACHYON; AGRONOMIC TRAITS; POLYPLOID WHEAT; BARLEY GENOME; GENETIC-MAP; SEQUENCE; RICE AB Background: Physical maps employing libraries of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones are essential for comparative genomics and sequencing of large and repetitive genomes such as those of the hexaploid bread wheat. The diploid ancestor of the D-genome of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum), Aegilops tauschii, is used as a resource for wheat genomics. The barley diploid genome also provides a good model for the Triticeae and T. aestivum since it is only slightly larger than the ancestor wheat D genome. Gene co-linearity between the grasses can be exploited by extrapolating from rice and Brachypodium distachyon to Ae. tauschii or barley, and then to wheat. Results: We report the use of Ae. tauschii for the construction of the physical map of a large distal region of chromosome arm 3DS. A physical map of 25.4 Mb was constructed by anchoring BAC clones of Ae. tauschii with 85 EST on the Ae. tauschii and barley genetic maps. The 24 contigs were aligned to the rice and B. distachyon genomic sequences and a high density SNP genetic map of barley. As expected, the mapped region is highly collinear to the orthologous chromosome 1 in rice, chromosome 2 in B. distachyon and chromosome 3H in barley. However, the chromosome scale of the comparative maps presented provides new insights into grass genome organization. The disruptions of the Ae. tauschii-rice and Ae. tauschii-Brachypodium syntenies were identical. We observed chromosomal rearrangements between Ae. tauschii and barley. The comparison of Ae. tauschii physical and genetic maps showed that the recombination rate across the region dropped from 2.19 cM/Mb in the distal region to 0.09 cM/Mb in the proximal region. The size of the gaps between contigs was evaluated by comparing the recombination rate along the map with the local recombination rates calculated on single contigs. Conclusions: The physical map reported here is the first physical map using fingerprinting of a complete Triticeae genome. This study demonstrates that global fingerprinting of the large plant genomes is a viable strategy for generating physical maps. Physical maps allow the description of the co-linearity between wheat and grass genomes and provide a powerful tool for positional cloning of new genes. C1 [Fleury, Delphine; Shoaei, Zahra; Langridge, Peter] Univ Adelaide, Australian Ctr Plant Funct Genom, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. [Luo, Ming-Cheng; Dvorak, Jan; You, Frank M.; Deal, Karin R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ramsay, Luke] Scottish Crop Res Inst, Genet Programme, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. [Gill, Bikram S.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Anderson, Olin D.] USDA ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Fleury, D (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Australian Ctr Plant Funct Genom, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. EM delphine.fleury@acpfg.com.au RI Langridge, Peter/G-5864-2010; Luo, Ming-Cheng/C-5600-2011; FLEURY, Delphine/B-8957-2011 OI Langridge, Peter/0000-0001-9494-400X; FU University of Adelaide; Australian Research Council; Grains Research and Development Corporation; Government of South Australia; International Science Linkages [CG120174]; US National Science Foundation [DBI-0077766] FX This work is supported by the University of Adelaide, the Australian Research Council, the Grains Research and Development Corporation, the Government of South Australia, the International Science Linkages CG120174 and the US National Science Foundation by grant DBI-0077766. We thank Margaret Pallotta for supplying DNA of wheat nullisomic-tetrasomic lines and Southern blot membranes, Etienne Paux, Frederic Choulet and Catherine Feuillet for the marker information of the chromosome 3B physical map, Alina Akhunova for providing the Ae. tauschii BAC clones, Ute Baumann and Julian Schwerdt for bioinformatics support. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JUN 17 PY 2010 VL 11 AR 382 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-11-382 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 625CJ UT WOS:000279869500001 PM 20553621 ER PT J AU Guo, SG Zheng, Y Joung, JG Liu, SQ Zhang, ZH Crasta, OR Sobral, BW Xu, Y Huang, SW Fei, ZJ AF Guo, Shaogui Zheng, Yi Joung, Je-Gun Liu, Shiqiang Zhang, Zhonghua Crasta, Oswald R. Sobral, Bruno W. Xu, Yong Huang, Sanwen Fei, Zhangjun TI Transcriptome sequencing and comparative analysis of cucumber flowers with different sex types SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID SCALE STATISTICAL-ANALYSES; GENE-EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; COMPARATIVE GENOMICS; SYNTHASE GENE; PLANTS; MARKERS; CDNA; DISCOVERY; KINASE AB Background: Cucumber, Cucumis sativus L., is an economically and nutritionally important crop of the Cucurbitaceae family and has long served as a primary model system for sex determination studies. Recently, the sequencing of its whole genome has been completed. However, transcriptome information of this species is still scarce, with a total of around 8,000 Expressed Sequence Tag ( EST) and mRNA sequences currently available in GenBank. In order to gain more insights into molecular mechanisms of plant sex determination and provide the community a functional genomics resource that will facilitate cucurbit research and breeding, we performed transcriptome sequencing of cucumber flower buds of two near-isogenic lines, WI1983G, a gynoecious plant which bears only pistillate flowers, and WI1983H, a hermaphroditic plant which bears only bisexual flowers. Result: Using Roche-454 massive parallel pyrosequencing technology, we generated a total of 353,941 high quality EST sequences with an average length of 175bp, among which 188,255 were from gynoecious flowers and 165,686 from hermaphroditic flowers. These EST sequences, together with similar to 5,600 high quality cucumber EST and mRNA sequences available in GenBank, were clustered and assembled into 81,401 unigenes, of which 28,452 were contigs and 52,949 were singletons. The unigenes and ESTs were further mapped to the cucumber genome and more than 500 alternative splicing events were identified in 443 cucumber genes. The unigenes were further functionally annotated by comparing their sequences to different protein and functional domain databases and assigned with Gene Ontology ( GO) terms. A biochemical pathway database containing 343 predicted pathways was also created based on the annotations of the unigenes. Digital expression analysis identified similar to 200 differentially expressed genes between flowers of WI1983G and WI1983H and provided novel insights into molecular mechanisms of plant sex determination process. Furthermore, a set of SSR motifs and high confidence SNPs between WI1983G and WI1983H were identified from the ESTs, which provided the material basis for future genetic linkage and QTL analysis. Conclusion: A large set of EST sequences were generated from cucumber flower buds of two different sex types. Differentially expressed genes between these two different sex-type flowers, as well as putative SSR and SNP markers, were identified. These EST sequences provide valuable information to further understand molecular mechanisms of plant sex determination process and forms a rich resource for future functional genomics analysis, marker development and cucumber breeding. C1 [Liu, Shiqiang; Zhang, Zhonghua; Huang, Sanwen] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Key Lab Hort Crops Genet Improvement, Sino Dutch Joint Lab Hort Genom Technol, Minist Agr,Inst Vegetables & Flowers, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Guo, Shaogui; Xu, Yong] Natl Engn Res Ctr Vegetables, Beijing 100097, Peoples R China. [Guo, Shaogui; Zheng, Yi; Joung, Je-Gun; Fei, Zhangjun] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Crasta, Oswald R.; Sobral, Bruno W.] Virginia Tech Univ, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Fei, Zhangjun] USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Huang, SW (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Key Lab Hort Crops Genet Improvement, Sino Dutch Joint Lab Hort Genom Technol, Minist Agr,Inst Vegetables & Flowers, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM huangsanwen@caas.net.cn; zf25@cornell.edu RI Zheng, Yi/F-6150-2016; OI Zheng, Yi/0000-0002-8042-7770; Huang, Sanwen/0000-0002-8547-5309; Fei, Zhangjun/0000-0001-9684-1450 FU United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service; National Science Foundation [IOS-0501778, IOS-0923312]; Chinese Ministry of Agriculture [2008-Z42]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30871707] FX The authors are grateful to Ms. Mingyun Huang for her help in setting up the cucumber pathway database and genome browser. This work was supported by United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, the National Science Foundation (IOS-0501778 and IOS-0923312 to ZF), the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (the 948 program: 2008-Z42 to SH), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (30871707 to SH). NR 70 TC 85 Z9 104 U1 6 U2 89 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JUN 17 PY 2010 VL 11 AR 384 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-11-384 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 625CL UT WOS:000279869700001 PM 20565788 ER PT J AU Grabber, JH Schatz, PF Kim, H Lu, FC Ralph, J AF Grabber, John H. Schatz, Paul F. Kim, Hoon Lu, Fachuang Ralph, John TI Identifying new lignin bioengineering targets: 1. Monolignol-substitute impacts on lignin formation and cell wall fermentability SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FERULATE CROSS-LINKING; HORSERADISH-PEROXIDASE; CONIFERYL ALCOHOL; (-)-EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE; HYDROXYCINNAMIC ACIDS; CAD-DEFICIENT; MAIZE WALLS; DEGRADABILITY; OXIDATION; SINAPYL AB Background: Recent discoveries highlighting the metabolic malleability of plant lignification indicate that lignin can be engineered to dramatically alter its composition and properties. Current plant biotechnology efforts are primarily aimed at manipulating the biosynthesis of normal monolignols, but in the future apoplastic targeting of phenolics from other metabolic pathways may provide new approaches for designing lignins that are less inhibitory toward the enzymatic hydrolysis of structural polysaccharides, both with and without biomass pretreatment. To identify promising new avenues for lignin bioengineering, we artificially lignified cell walls from maize cell suspensions with various combinations of normal monolignols (coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols) plus a variety of phenolic monolignol substitutes. Cell walls were then incubated in vitro with anaerobic rumen microflora to assess the potential impact of lignin modifications on the enzymatic degradability of fibrous crops used for ruminant livestock or biofuel production. Results: In the absence of anatomical constraints to digestion, lignification with normal monolignols hindered both the rate and extent of cell wall hydrolysis by rumen microflora. Inclusion of methyl caffeate, caffeoylquinic acid, or feruloylquinic acid with monolignols considerably depressed lignin formation and strikingly improved the degradability of cell walls. In contrast, dihydroconiferyl alcohol, guaiacyl glycerol, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, and epigallocatechin gallate readily formed copolymer-lignins with normal monolignols; cell wall degradability was moderately enhanced by greater hydroxylation or 1,2,3-triol functionality. Mono- or diferuloyl esters with various aliphatic or polyol groups readily copolymerized with monolignols, but in some cases they accelerated inactivation of wall-bound peroxidase and reduced lignification; cell wall degradability was influenced by lignin content and the degree of ester group hydroxylation. Conclusion: Overall, monolignol substitutes improved the inherent degradability of non-pretreated cell walls by restricting lignification or possibly by reducing lignin hydrophobicity or cross-linking to structural polysaccharides. Furthermore some monolignol substitutes, chiefly readily cleaved bi-phenolic conjugates like epigallocatechin gallate or diferuloyl polyol esters, are expected to greatly boost the enzymatic degradability of cell walls following chemical pretreatment. In ongoing work, we are characterizing the enzymatic saccharification of intact and chemically pretreated cell walls lignified by these and other monolignol substitutes to identify promising genetic engineering targets for improving plant fiber utilization. C1 [Grabber, John H.; Schatz, Paul F.] ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kim, Hoon; Lu, Fachuang; Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Kim, Hoon; Lu, Fachuang; Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Grabber, JH (reprint author), ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM john.grabber@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS; Stanford University FX The authors thank Christy Davidson and Len Strozinski for skill and persistence in running cell wall fermentation studies and Ronald Hatfield for helpful discussions regarding candidate monolignol substitutes for use in this study. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. This work was funded primarily by USDA-ARS in house funds and by a grant to JR from Stanford University's Global Climate and Energy Project (GCEP). NR 56 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 32 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD JUN 17 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 114 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-10-114 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 626IV UT WOS:000279960500001 PM 20565789 ER PT J AU Li, XP Zhong, SY Bian, XD Heilman, WE Luo, Y Dong, WJ AF Li, Xiuping Zhong, Shiyuan Bian, Xindi Heilman, Warren E. Luo, Yong Dong, Wenjie TI Hydroclimate and variability in the Great Lakes region as derived from the North American Regional Reanalysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; LOW-LEVEL JET; MOISTURE BUDGET; TELECONNECTION PATTERN; PRECIPITATION; CLIMATE; PLAINS; TEMPERATURE; IMPACTS; TRENDS AB We investigated the seasonal and interannual variability of the moisture budget in the Great Lakes region of the United States using the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) data set from 1979 through 2007. The much higher spatial and temporal resolution and improved precipitation and land surface data assimilation of the NARR data set compared with its global counterparts enable more accurate depictions of the moisture budget and hydrological cycle in the Great Lakes region. The analyses reveal that in the past three decades except for two drought years, the evaporation over the region is insufficient to account for the total precipitation. Transport mechanisms supply additional moisture, with a net gain in moisture associated with meridional transport by southerly winds overcoming a net loss in moisture due to zonal transport by westerly winds. The interannual variability of the moisture deficit (the difference between evaporation and precipitation) is associated mainly with the interannual variability in the moisture flux convergence. These results highlight the critical importance of remote moisture sources and large-scale moisture transport to the hydrological cycle in the Great Lakes region. The trend analyses show an upward trend for evaporation that is consistent with warming over the region in all seasons during the NARR data period. Precipitation exhibits an increasing trend in spring and winter, with the largest increase in winter, but no clear trends in summer and autumn. C1 [Li, Xiuping; Zhong, Shiyuan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Li, Xiuping] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiuping] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Bian, Xindi; Heilman, Warren E.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Luo, Yong] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Dong, Wenjie] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. RP Zhong, SY (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, 116 Geog Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM zhongs@msu.edu RI dong, wenjie/F-4314-2012; LUO, Yong/I-6132-2013 FU USDA Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station; USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station [07-JV-11242300-138] FX We thank Jeff Andresen, the state climatologist for the state of Michigan, and Joseph Charney at the USDA Northern Research Station for useful discussions. We also thank the three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. This research is supported by USDA Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station and by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station under agreement 07-JV-11242300-138. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 17 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D12104 DI 10.1029/2009JD012756 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 613NW UT WOS:000278987000003 ER PT J AU Liljebjelke, KA Petkov, DI Kapczynski, DR AF Liljebjelke, Karen A. Petkov, Daniel I. Kapczynski, Darrell R. TI Mucosal vaccination with a codon-optimized hemagglutinin gene expressed by attenuated Salmonella elicits a protective immune response in chickens against highly pathogenic avian influenza SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Influenza A virus; Attenuated Salmonella; Poultry; Vaccine ID NIRB PROMOTER; TYPHIMURIUM STRAINS; VIRUS; DNA; ANTIGENS; LIVE; INFECTION; VACCINES; IMMUNIZATION; CHALLENGE AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical protection from challenge conferred by two attenuated Salmonella enteria serovar typhimurium vaccine strains expressing the hemagglutinin (HA1) gene from a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 (A/whooper swan/Mongolia/3/2005), under control of the anaerobically inducible nir15 promoter. Two-week-old White Leghorn chickens were immunized by oral gavage with one milliliter doses of >109 Salmonella colony-forming units once weekly for 4 weeks prior to challenge. Expression of recombinant protein was confirmed via Western blot. Serum and mucosal gavage samples were collected prior to, and following immunization and antibodies against avian influenza HA were confirmed by Western blot and hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assay. Chickens were challenged with homologous (A/whooper swan/Mongolia/3/2005), or heterologous (A/Chicken/Queretaro/1458819/95) HPAI virus strains. Chickens immunized with attenuated Salmonella strains containing plasmid expression vector (pTETnir15HA) demonstrated a statistically significant increase in survival compared to control groups. Results provide evidence of effectiveness of attenuated Salmonella strains for delivery of recombinant avian influenza HA antigens and induction of mucosal and systemic immune responses protective against lethal challenge with HPAI. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Liljebjelke, Karen A.; Petkov, Daniel I.; Kapczynski, Darrell R.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Kapczynski, DR (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM darrell.kapczynski@ars.usda.gov FU USDA [6612-480-053] FX The authors wish to thank Tracy S. Faulkner and Cam Greene for technical assistance, and Roger Brock for assistance with animal care. This research was supported by USDA, ARS CRIS Project 6612-480-053. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUN 17 PY 2010 VL 28 IS 27 BP 4430 EP 4437 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.04.009 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 615RJ UT WOS:000279153400014 PM 20406663 ER PT J AU Mischke, CC Zimba, PV AF Mischke, Charles C. Zimba, Paul V. TI Initial influence of fertilizer nitrogen types on water quality SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nitrogen fertilizer; channel catfish fry; plankton; water quality ID GROWTH; PONDS AB Using different sources of nitrogen as fertilizers in nursery ponds may affect water quality and plankton responses. We evaluated water quality variables and plankton population responses when using different nitrogen sources for catfish nursery pond fertilization. We compared calcium nitrate (12% N), sodium nitrite (20% N), ammonium chloride (26% N), ammonium nitrate (34% N) and urea (45% N) in 190-L microcosms at equimolar nitrogen application rates. Sodium nitrite-fertilized microcosms had higher nitrite and nitrate levels during the first week; no other differences in the water quality were detected among fertilizer types (P > 0.05). No differences in green algae, diatoms or cyanobacteria were detected among treatments; desirable zooplankton for catfish culture was increased in urea-fertilized microcosms. Based on these results, any form of nitrogen used for pond fertilization should perform similarly without causing substantial water quality deterioration. Ammonium nitrate and urea contain a higher percentage of nitrogen, requiring less volume to achieve dosing levels. If both urea and ammonium nitrate are available, we recommend using the one with the least cost per unit of nitrogen. If both types of fertilizer have an equal cost per unit of nitrogen, we recommend using urea because of the potential advantage of increasing desirable zooplankton concentrations. C1 [Mischke, Charles C.] Mississippi State Univ, Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Zimba, Paul V.] USDA ARS, Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Mischke, CC (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, 127 Expt Stn Rd,POB 197, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM cmischke@drec.msstate.edu RI Zimba, Paul/O-2778-2013; OI Mischke, Charles/0000-0002-3934-9571 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD JUN 16 PY 2010 VL 41 IS 7 BP 968 EP 972 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02379.x PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 609GD UT WOS:000278643100003 ER PT J AU Anderson, OD Coleman-Derr, D Gu, YQ Heath, S AF Anderson, Olin D. Coleman-Derr, Devin Gu, Yong Q. Heath, Sekou TI Structural and transcriptional analysis of plant genes encoding the bifunctional lysine ketoglutarate reductase saccharopine dehydrogenase enzyme SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAIZE ENDOSPERM; CATABOLISM; ARABIDOPSIS; WHEAT; SEQUENCE; LOCUS; GENOMES; PROTEIN; ACID; METABOLISM AB Background: Among the dietary essential amino acids, the most severely limiting in the cereals is lysine. Since cereals make up half of the human diet, lysine limitation has quality/nutritional consequences. The breakdown of lysine is controlled mainly by the catabolic bifunctional enzyme lysine ketoglutarate reductase -saccharopine dehydrogenase (LKR/SDH). The LKR/SDH gene has been reported to produce transcripts for the bifunctional enzyme and separate monofunctional transcripts. In addition to lysine metabolism, this gene has been implicated in a number of metabolic and developmental pathways, which along with its production of multiple transcript types and complex exon/intron structure suggest an important node in plant metabolism. Understanding more about the LKR/SDH gene is thus interesting both from applied standpoint and for basic plant metabolism. Results: The current report describes a wheat genomic fragment containing an LKR/SDH gene and adjacent genes. The wheat LKR/SDH genomic segment was found to originate from the A-genome of wheat, and EST analysis indicates all three LKR/SDH genes in hexaploid wheat are transcriptionally active. A comparison of a set of plant LKR/SDH genes suggests regions of greater sequence conservation likely related to critical enzymatic functions and metabolic controls. Although most plants contain only a single LKR/SDH gene per genome, poplar contains at least two functional bifunctional genes in addition to a monofunctional LKR gene. Analysis of ESTs finds evidence for monofunctional LKR transcripts in switchgrass, and monofunctional SDH transcripts in wheat, Brachypodium, and poplar. Conclusions: The analysis of a wheat LKR/SDH gene and comparative structural and functional analyses among available plant genes provides new information on this important gene. Both the structure of the LKR/SDH gene and the immediately adjacent genes show lineage-specific differences between monocots and dicots, and findings suggest variation in activity of LKR/SDH genes among plants. Although most plant genomes seem to contain a single conserved LKR/SDH gene per genome, poplar possesses multiple contiguous genes. A preponderance of SDH transcripts suggests the LKR region may be more rate-limiting. Only switchgrass has EST evidence for LKR monofunctional transcripts. Evidence for monofunctional SDH transcripts shows a novel intron in wheat, Brachypodium, and poplar. C1 [Anderson, Olin D.; Coleman-Derr, Devin; Gu, Yong Q.; Heath, Sekou] USDA ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Coleman-Derr, Devin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Anderson, OD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM olin.anderson@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service [CRIS 5325-21000-015-00D] FX Thanks to Roger Thilmony and Kent McCue for reading the manuscript and making suggestions. This research was funded by USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS 5325-21000-015-00D. Mention of a specific product name by the United States Department of Agriculture does not constitute an endorsement and does not imply a recommendation over other suitable products. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD JUN 16 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 113 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-10-113 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 626IQ UT WOS:000279960000002 PM 20565711 ER PT J AU Miller, BF DeYoung, RW Campbell, TA Laseter, BR Ford, WM Miller, KV AF Miller, Brad F. DeYoung, Randy W. Campbell, Tyler A. Laseter, Benjamin R. Ford, W. Mark Miller, Karl V. TI Fine-scale genetic and social structuring in a central Appalachian white-tailed deer herd SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE female philopatry; genetic structure; Odocoileus virginianus; relatedness; social groups; spatial autocorreladon; white-tailed deer ID SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA; ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS; LOCALIZED MANAGEMENT; POPULATION-GENETICS; FEMALE PHILOPATRY; WILDLIFE ECOLOGY; MATING SYSTEMS; RED DEER; DISPERSAL AB Spatial genetic structure in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) has been examined at regional scales, but genetic markers with the resolution to detect fine-scale patterns have appeared only recently. We used a panel of microsatellite DNA markers, radiotelemetry data, and visual observations of marked deer to study fine-scale social and genetic structure in a high-density population of white-tailed deer (12-20 deer/km(2)). We collected genetic data on 229 adult females, 102 of which were assigned to 28 social groups. Our results were consistent with the conceptual model of white-tailed deer social structure, where philopatric females form social groups composed of related individuals. Within-group relatedness values approached the expected value for 1st cousins (R = 0.103, SE = 0.033), but individuals among groups (R = 0.014, SE = 0.003) and overall (R = -0.009, SE = 0.003) were unrelated. Fixation indices revealed a significant departure from equilibrium values among social groups (F(ST) = 0.076, SE = 0.007) and an excess of heterozygotes within groups (F(ls) = 0.050, SE = 0.018), consistent with theoretical expectations for mammal populations characterized by female philopatry and a polygynous mating system. Analyses of spatial autocorrelation indicated genetic structuring occurred at a very fine spatial scale, where pairs of adult females within 1 km were genetically nonindependent. The occurrence of fine-scale genetic and social structure has implications for the ecology and management of white-tailed deer, including habitat use and resource competition, offspring sex allocation theories, disease transmission, and the consideration of social behaviors in management. DOI: 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-258.1. C1 [DeYoung, Randy W.] Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Miller, Brad F.; Laseter, Benjamin R.; Miller, Karl V.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Campbell, Tyler A.] Texas A&M Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA,Wildife Serv,Texas Field Stn, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Ford, W. Mark] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Ecol Resources Branch, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP DeYoung, RW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, MSC 218, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM randall.deyoung@tamuk.edu FU Mead Westvaco Corporation; West Virginia Division of Natural Resources; United States Department of Agriculture National Research [00-35101-9284, 03-35101-13719] FX Financial assistance was provided by the Mead Westvaco Corporation, the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, and the United States Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program (grants 00-35101-9284 and 03-35101-13719). We thank B. Faircloth for laboratory assistance, and J. L. Crum, P. D. Keyser, and D. A. Osborn for logistical assistance. We also thank the numerous field technicians and volunteers that helped with sample collections. The comments of J. P. Carroll, C. J. Nairn, and R. J. Warren improved early versions of this manuscript. All animal-handling procedures were approved by The University of Georgia Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (permit A2002-10119-0). Deer were captured and handled under scientific collection permits from the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources. NR 65 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 23 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN 16 PY 2010 VL 91 IS 3 BP 681 EP 689 DI 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-258.1 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 615JG UT WOS:000279130300016 ER PT J AU Cavalcanti, SMC Gese, EM AF Cavalcanti, Sandra M. C. Gese, Eric M. TI Kill rates and predation patterns of jaguars (Panthera onca) in the southern Pantanal, Brazil SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Brazil; cattle; conflict; jaguar; kill rates; native prey; Panthera onca; predation ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; PUMA PUMA-CONCOLOR; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; FOOD-HABITS; ECOLOGY; CONSERVATION; DEPREDATION; LIVESTOCK; PAYMENTS; FOREST AB Jaguars (Panthera onca) often prey on livestock, resulting in conflicts with humans. To date, kill rates and predation patterns by jaguars have not been well documented. We studied the foraging ecology of jaguars in an area with both livestock and native prey and documented kill rates, characteristics of prey killed, patterns of predation, and the influence of prey size on the duration at kill sites and the time interval between kills. Between October 2001 and April 2004 we monitored 10 jaguars equipped with global positioning system (GPS) collars. We collected 11,787 GPS locations and identified 1,105 clusters of locations as sites of concentrated use (e.g., kill sites, bed sites, and dens). Of these, we found prey remains at 415 kill sites and documented 438 prey items. Kills were composed of 31.7% cattle (9.8% adults and 21.9% calves), 24.4% caiman (Caiman crocodilus yacare), 21.0% peccaries (mostly Tayassu pecan), 4.1% feral hogs (Sus scrofa), 3.9% marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus), 3.2% giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), 2.0% capybaras (Hydrochoeris hydrochaeris), 1.6% brocket deer (Mazama americana and M. gouazoubira), and other avian, mammalian, and reptilian species. Individual jaguars differed in the proportion of each species they killed and the proportion of native prey versus cattle. Although all 10 cats killed cattle, 5 killed a high proportion of cattle (>35% of kills), and 3 killed few cattle (<15%). Males (27%) and females (35%) killed cattle in similar proportions. In contrast, male jaguars killed a higher proportion of peccaries than did females, and female jaguars killed more caiman than did males. The mean kill rate for all jaguars was 4.3 days +/- 4.4 SD between known consecutive kills. The time interval to the next subsequent kill by jaguars increased with increasing prey size. Jaguars also increased the length of time at a carcass as prey size increased. Jaguar kill rates on peccaries steadily increased over the 4-year study. In contrast, kill rates on cattle decreased during the same period. Rainfall, and subsequent water levels on the Pantanal, was the main driver of seasonal kill rates by jaguars on cattle and caiman. As water levels increased, predation on caiman increased as caiman became more distributed throughout the landscape. Conversely, as water levels fell, caiman became less plentiful, and cattle were moved out into pastures thereby increasing their availability to more jaguars. DOI: 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-171.1. C1 [Gese, Eric M.] Utah State Univ, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv,Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Gese, EM (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv,Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM eric.gese@usu.edu RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 FU Wildlife Conservation Society; National Scientific and Technological Development Council; Conservation, Food, and Health Foundation; United States Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center at Utah State University FX Funding and logistical support were provided by the Wildlife Conservation Society; the United States Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center at Utah State University; the National Scientific and Technological Development Council; and the Conservation, Food, and Health Foundation. Sociedade Civil Mamiraua and Brazilian Foundation for Sustainable Development provided administrative support for the research station. We thank I. Klabin for support and permission to work on the ranch; J. da Silva, A. Porfirio, R. Costa. S. Roas, D. Munari, E. Ramalho, S. Romeiro, M. Perilli, R. Minillo, J. Leal, E. Vilalba, J. A. Silveira, M. Roas, C. Sa, R. Leite, V. Correia, M. Candido, Y. Domingos, R. M. Santos, A. Hoogesteijn, V. Conforti, R. Gomes, L. Santos, D. Barros, F. Azevedo, E. Amaral, L. Carneiro, J. Rossi, D. Novaes, A. T. Neto, M. da Silva. M. Benites, M. Soisalo, M. Talebi, M. Pereira, J. Reis, P. Lemes, S. da Silva. V. Reis, A. da Silva. R. Frota, and S. de Matos for field assistance; L. Aubry for statistical assistance; B. Bailey and S. Rivera for translating the abstract; and F. Knowlton, J. Bissonette, R. Schmidt, and F. Provenza for reviews of the manuscript. Permission to capture animals was granted by the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Natural Renewable Resources (permit B-23-9114). NR 75 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 9 U2 78 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN 16 PY 2010 VL 91 IS 3 BP 722 EP 736 DI 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-171.1 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 615JG UT WOS:000279130300020 ER PT J AU Prena, J AF Prena, Jens TI The Middle American species of Peridinetus Schonherr (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Baridinae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE weevils; taxonomy; Piperaceae; Neotropics; Middle America ID WEEVILS; HERBIVORES; GENUS AB The weevil genus Peridinetus Schonherr is reviewed for mainland Middle America. Conophoria Casey is included in Peridinetus as a new junior synonym. Twenty-six species are recognized. Peridinetus ecuadoricus Casey stat. res., P. frontalis Chevrolat and P. pictus Kirsch are newly recorded for the study area. Newly described are P. illabes sp. n. (Panama), P. imperialis sp. n. (Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador), P. lugubris sp. n. (Costa Rica, Ecuador), P. notabilis sp. n. (Costa Rica), P. odone sp. n. (Costa Rica, Panama), P. pena sp. n. (Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama), P. rubens sp. n. (Costa Rica, Panama) and P. wyandoti sp. n. (Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador). The overlooked precedence of P. jelskii Chevrolat over P. maculiventris Chevrolat is reestablished. Conophoria cana dispersa Casey is a new junior synonym of P. canus Champion. Habitus images for most species and an identification key are provided. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Prena, J (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM jens.prena@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0072702]; National Geographic Society [7331-02, 7751-04]; German Science Foundation [DFG, 444 COS-112/1/04]; Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA FX The study was conducted in collaboration with the Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, the Ministerio del Ambiente y Energia and the Organization for Tropical Studies. Travels to Costa Rica and field work were supported by grants of the National Science Foundation (DEB-0072702), the National Geographic Society (7331-02, 7751-04) and the German Science Foundation (DFG, 444 COS-112/1/04) as part of the Arthropods of La Selva project. Collections work at CMNC and CNCI was supported by the Canadian Museum of Nature's Nature Discovery Fund and Program, the Canacoll Foundation and the genuine hospitality of Bob & Catherine Anderson and Henry & Anne Howden. Likewise, Charlie & Lois O'Brien hosted me at their home in 2008. I would like to thank very sincerely the curators and collectors named in the method section, Jack Longino and Alvaro Herrera for letting us in and getting us out of the jungle and all project members for assistance and company in the field. Elena Ulate (INBio), who has been a reliable and cheerful helper whenever we shared the bench in the past 14 years, sorted and identified INBio's holdings of P. wyandoti and made the data available. Richard Thompson checked several Champion types and helped me solve the identity of P. laetus. Kenji Nishida took numerous excellent live images and reared the first P. wyandoti from Peperomia. Bob Anderson, Mike Pogue, Al Norrbom, Henry Hespenheide and Steve Davis commented on earlier drafts and their suggestions were much appreciated. Writing and publication was funded by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA. NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUN 16 PY 2010 IS 2507 BP 1 EP 36 PG 36 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 610TD UT WOS:000278759100001 ER PT J AU Smith-Pardo, AH AF Smith-Pardo, Allan H. TI Taxonomic review of the species of Neocorynura (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Augochlorini) inhabiting Argentina and Paraguay SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Review DE taxonomy; Halictinae; Apoidea; South America ID GENUS AB A review of the species of the bee genus Neocorynura occurring in Argentina and Paraguay is provided. Four new species are described: Neocorynura tangophyla, Neocorynura gaucha, Neocorynura guarani, and Neocorynura sophia. The name Neocorynura pseudobaccha (Cockerell) is resurrected, it had previously been synonymized under Neocorynura jucunda (Smith). In total, eight species are known to occur in these two countries. Even though six additional species of Neocorynura have been considered to also be distributed in Argentina and Paraguay, their dubious occurrence in these countries may be due to imprecise information in the primary references or to collection data (specimen's deposition). No specimens of such species were available in any of the collections consulted for this taxonomic study. Comments on the systematics and biogeography (including new distribution records), as well as species identification keys, are presented. C1 USDA APHIS PPQ, Plant Inspect Stn, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. RP Smith-Pardo, AH (reprint author), USDA APHIS PPQ, Plant Inspect Stn, 389 Oyster Point Blvd,Suite 2, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. EM allan.h.smith-pardo@aphis.usda.gov FU USDA-APHIS-PPQ-PIS FX I would like to thank C. D. Michener for his comments and suggestions on earlier versions of the manuscript, to Arthur Berlowitz USDA-APHIS-PPQ-PIS for his continuous support; and finally to the people of the different museums and universities (mentioned above) who arranged for the loan of specimens. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUN 16 PY 2010 IS 2507 BP 44 EP 68 PG 25 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 610TD UT WOS:000278759100003 ER PT J AU Steenwerth, KL Belina, KM AF Steenwerth, Kerri L. Belina, K. M. TI Vineyard weed management practices influence nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Tillage; Microbial activity; Respiration; Greenhouse gas ID MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; SOIL; TILLAGE; QUALITY; SYSTEMS; DENITRIFICATION; AVAILABILITY; CULTIVATION; DYNAMICS; AMMONIUM AB Successive years of multiple tillage passes have been linked to reductions in soil carbon (C) and shifts in soil physical properties, which are often linked to changes in soil nitrogen (N) retention. 'Under the vine' cultivation is becoming a more common practice in vineyards as growers seek alternative means of weed control. Therefore, we (1) investigated the effects of cultivation or herbicide on soil N leaching during a 1 year cycle of vineyard management and (2) determined differences in short-term nitrous oxide (N(2)O) emissions and N transformations between 'under the vine' treatments during summer fertigation, a period in which we hypothesized that high N(2)O emission rates would occur under warm, moist soil conditions. Few differences were found in the chemical and physical characteristics of soil profiles in cultivated and herbicide treatments. In the surface depths, total C and microbial biomass (i.e., total phospholipid fatty acids) were greater in the tilled than herbicide soils. This contrasts with other findings, but suggests that the greater weed biomass in the tilled treatment contributed labile C to soil C pools. Greater soil nitrate was found at depth (1.2 m) in the herbicide than cultivated treatment. Also, the cultivated soil had nearly 50% less nitrous oxide emissions during fertigation than the herbicide soil. We suggest that greater weed presence, soil C and microbial biomass in the tilled treatment contributed to the greater N retention. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Steenwerth, Kerri L.; Belina, K. M.] USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Steenwerth, KL (reprint author), Dept Viticulture & Enol, RMI N,Rm 1151,595 Hilgard Lane, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ksteenwerth@gmail.com FU USDA/ARS FX We thank Paradiso Winery and Daryl Salm of Valley Farm Management for use of their vineyard and for implementing management practices involved in this study. We also thank Larry Bettiga and Richard Smith, who allowed the project to be established within their study. Thank you to Joshua Hunt for field assistance and Dr. Eli Carlisle for careful review of this manuscript. This study was funded by the USDA/ARS. NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 138 IS 1-2 BP 127 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2010.03.016 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 616FF UT WOS:000279193700016 ER PT J AU Herzig, CTA Waters, RW Baldwin, CL Telfer, JC AF Herzig, Carolyn T. A. Waters, Ray W. Baldwin, Cynthia L. Telfer, Janice C. TI Evolution of the CD163 family and its relationship to the bovine gamma delta T cell co-receptor WC1 SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCAVENGER RECEPTOR CD163; GLUCOCORTICOID-INDUCIBLE MEMBER; I TRANSMEMBRANE MOLECULE; MEMBRANE-PROTEIN RM3/1; CYSTEINE-RICH FAMILY; INDUCED SEPTIC SHOCK; LYMPHOCYTES-T; HUMAN MONOCYTES; GENOMIC ORGANIZATION; HUMAN MACROPHAGES AB Background: The scavenger receptor cysteine rich (SRCR) domain is an ancient and conserved protein domain. CD163 and WC1 molecules are classed together as group B SRCR superfamily members, along with Sp alpha, CD5 and CD6, all of which are expressed by immune system cells. There are three known types of CD163 molecules in mammals, CD163A (M130, coded for by CD163), CD163b (M160, coded for by CD163L1) and CD163c-alpha (CD163L1 or SCART), while their nearest relative, WC1, is encoded by a multigene family so far identified in the artiodactyl species of cattle, sheep, and pigs. Results: We annotated the bovine genome and identified genes coding for bovine CD163A and CD163c-alpha but found no evidence for CD163b. Bovine CD163A is widely expressed in immune cells, whereas CD163c-alpha transcripts are enriched in the WC1+gamma delta T cell population. Phylogenetic analyses of the CD163 family genes and WC1 showed that CD163c-alpha is most closely related to WC1 and that chicken and platypus have WC1 orthologous genes, previously classified as among their CD163 genes. Conclusion: Since it has been shown that WC1 plays an important role in the regulation of gamma delta T cell responses in cattle, which, like chickens, have a high percentage of gamma delta T cells in their peripheral blood, CD163c-alpha may play a similar role, especially in species lacking WC1 genes. Our results suggest that gene duplications resulted in the expansion of CD163c-alpha-like and WC1-like molecules. This expanded repertoire was retained by species known as "gamma delta T cell high", but homologous SRCR molecules were maintained by all mammals. C1 [Herzig, Carolyn T. A.; Baldwin, Cynthia L.; Telfer, Janice C.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Paige Lab, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Waters, Ray W.] ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Telfer, JC (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Paige Lab, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM telfer@vasci.umass.edu FU National Research Initiative of the USDA CSREES [2006-1691]; Hatch regional genome project FX This work was conducted as part of the Bovine Genome Sequencing Consortium and supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA CSREES, Grant #2006-1691 and the Hatch regional genome project. We thank Alexander Hajir for useful discussions. NR 72 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 181 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-10-181 PG 19 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 631SM UT WOS:000280368200001 PM 20550670 ER PT J AU Reagon, M Thurber, CS Gross, BL Olsen, KM Jia, YL Caicedo, AL AF Reagon, Michael Thurber, Carrie S. Gross, Briana L. Olsen, Kenneth M. Jia, Yulin Caicedo, Ana L. TI Genomic patterns of nucleotide diversity in divergent populations of US weedy rice SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORYZA-SATIVA L; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; CULTIVATED RICE; RED RICE; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; WILD RELATIVES; DROSOPHILA-PSEUDOOBSCURA; DRAFT SEQUENCE; HYBRID SWARMS; SSP JAPONICA AB Background: Weedy rice (red rice), a conspecific weed of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), is a significant problem throughout the world and an emerging threat in regions where it was previously absent. Despite belonging to the same species complex as domesticated rice and its wild relatives, the evolutionary origins of weedy rice remain unclear. We use genome-wide patterns of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variation in a broad geographic sample of weedy, domesticated, and wild Oryza samples to infer the origin and demographic processes influencing U. S. weedy rice evolution. Results: We find greater population structure than has been previously reported for U. S. weedy rice, and that the multiple, genetically divergent populations have separate origins. The two main U. S. weedy rice populations share genetic backgrounds with cultivated O. sativa varietal groups not grown commercially in the U. S., suggesting weed origins from domesticated ancestors. Hybridization between weedy groups and between weedy rice and local crops has also led to the evolution of distinct U. S. weedy rice populations. Demographic simulations indicate differences among the main weedy groups in the impact of bottlenecks on their establishment in the U. S., and in the timing of divergence from their cultivated relatives. Conclusions: Unlike prior research, we did not find unambiguous evidence for U. S. weedy rice originating via hybridization between cultivated and wild Oryza species. Our results demonstrate the potential for weedy life-histories to evolve directly from within domesticated lineages. The diverse origins of U. S. weedy rice populations demonstrate the multiplicity of evolutionary forces that can influence the emergence of weeds from a single species complex. C1 [Reagon, Michael; Thurber, Carrie S.; Caicedo, Ana L.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Gross, Briana L.; Olsen, Kenneth M.] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Jia, Yulin] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Caicedo, AL (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM caicedo@bio.umass.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation [DBI 0638820] FX We are grateful to D. Gealy for providing weedy rice accessions and S. R. McCouch for providing several cultivated rice accessions used in this study. We also thank members of the Caicedo, Olsen labs, and anonymous reviewers that provided comments that much improved that manuscript. This project was funded by a grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program (DBI-0638820) to ALC, KMO and YJ. NR 71 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 22 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 180 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-10-180 PG 16 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 624PR UT WOS:000279832200001 PM 20550656 ER PT J AU Truman, CC Nuti, RC Truman, LR Dean, JD AF Truman, C. C. Nuti, R. C. Truman, L. R. Dean, J. D. TI Feasibility of using FGD gypsum to conserve water and reduce erosion from an agricultural soil in Georgia SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE Soil amendments; By-products; Runoff; Water savings; Soil loss; Profit margin ID SILT LOAM SOIL; INTERRILL EROSION; SIMULATED RAINFALL; VARIABLE RAINFALL; DRY PAM; RUNOFF; INFILTRATION; PHOSPHORUS; AMENDMENTS; PHOSPHOGYPSUM AB Crop production in Georgia and the Southeastern U.S. can be limited by water. Highly-weathered, drought-prone soils are susceptible to runoff and erosion. Rainfall patterns generate runoff producing storms followed by extended periods of drought during the crop growing season. Thus, supplemental irrigation is often needed to sustain profitable crop production. Increased water retention and soil conservation would efficiently improve water use and reduce irrigation amounts/costs and sedimentation, and sustain productive farm land, thus improving producer's profit margin. Soil amendments, such as flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum, have been shown to retain rainfall and/or irrigation water through increased infiltration while decreasing runoff (R) and sediment (E). Objectives were to quantify rainfall partitioning and sediment delivery improvements with surface applied FGD gypsum from an Ultisol managed to conventional till (CT) and to assess the feasibility of using FGD gypsum on agricultural land in southern Georgia. A field study (Faceville loamy sand, Typic Kandiudult) was established (2006, 2007) near Dawson, GA managed to CT, irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L). FGD gypsum application rates evaluated were 0, 1.1, 2.2, 4.5, and 9 Mg ha(-1). Gypsum treatments and simulated rainfall (50 mm h(-1) for 1 h) were applied to 2-m wide x 3-m long field plots (n = 3). Runoff and E were measured from each 6-m(2) plot (slope = 1%). FGD gypsum plots averaged 26% more infiltration (INF), 40% less R. 58% less E, 27% lower maximum R rates (R), and 2 times lower maximum E rates (E(max)) than control plots. Values of INF and water for crop use increased, and R, E, R(max), and E(max) decreased as FGD gypsum application rate increased. Values of INF, R, E, R(max), and E(max), for 9 Mg ha(-1) plots were as much as 17% greater, 35% less, 1.9 times less, 35% less. and 1.9 times less than those from other FGD gypsum plots, respectively; and 40% greater. 40% less, 2.2 times less, 52% less, and 2.9 times less than those from control plots, respectively. Applying FGD gypsum to agricultural lands is a cost-effective management practice for producers in Georgia that beneficially impacts natural resource conservation, producer profit margins, and environmental quality. Agriculture in the Southeast provides a viable market for the electric power industry to convert disposal costs of FGD gypsum into a profitable commodity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Truman, C. C.] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Nuti, R. C.] USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. [Truman, L. R.] Abraham Baldwin Agr Coll, Sch Business, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Dean, J. D.] ArcTellus, Simpsonville, SC 29680 USA. RP Truman, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, POB 748,2375 Rainwater Rd, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Clint.Truman@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 3 BP 234 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2010.04.003 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 619QY UT WOS:000279446200007 ER PT J AU Jefferson, A Grant, GE Lewis, SL Lancaster, ST AF Jefferson, A. Grant, G. E. Lewis, S. L. Lancaster, S. T. TI Coevolution of hydrology and topography on a basalt landscape in the Oregon Cascade Range, USA SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE landscape evolution; flowpaths; groundwater; basalt; Cascade Range ID DRAINAGE-BASIN EVOLUTION; DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; CIMA VOLCANIC FIELD; LAVA FLOWS; RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION; MOUNTAINOUS WATERSHEDS; WESTERN CASCADES; RUNOFF PROCESSES; CALIFORNIA; DENSITY AB Young basalt terrains offer an exceptional opportunity to study landscape and hydrologic evolution through time, since the age of the landscape itself can be determined by dating lava flows. These constructional terrains are also highly permeable, allowing one to examine timescales and process of geomorphic evolution as they relate to the partitioning of hydrologic flowpaths between surface and sub-surface flow. The western slopes of the Cascade Range in Oregon, USA are composed of a thick sequence of lava flows ranging from Holocene to Oligocene in age, and the landscape receives abundant precipitation of between 2000 and 3500 mm per year. On Holocene and late Pleistocene lava landscapes, groundwater systems transmit most of the recharge to large springs (>= 0.85 m(3) s(-1)) with very steady hydrographs. In watersheds >1 million years old, springs are absent, and well-developed drainage networks fed by shallow subsurface stormflow produce flashy hydrographs. Drainage density slowly increases with time in this basalt landscape, requiring a million years to double in density. Progressive hillslope steepening and fluvial incision also occur on this timescale. Springs and groundwater-fed streams transport little sediment and hence are largely ineffective in incising river valleys, so fluvial landscape dissection appears to occur only after springs are replaced by shallow subsurface stormflow as the dominant streamflow generation mechanism. It is proposed that landscape evolution in basalt terrains is constrained by the time required for permeability to be reduced sufficiently for surface flow to replace groundwater flow. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Jefferson, A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Grant, G. E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lewis, S. L.; Lancaster, S. T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Jefferson, A (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM ajefferson@uncc.edu RI Lancaster, Stephen/A-4251-2011; Jefferson, Anne/K-1185-2012 OI Jefferson, Anne/0000-0002-0585-9602 FU National Science Foundation; Eugene Water and Electric Board; Geological Society of America FX This material is based upon work supported under a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and grants from the Eugene Water and Electric Board and the Geological Society of America. We thank W. Luo for providing GIS coverages of his valley detection algorithm-derived stream network for the study area. We thank S. Majors, C. O'Connell, M. Kluber, and L. Ellenburg for assistance with field work and M.C. Rowe and M.E. Schmidt for helpful conversations. Thanks to Vic Baker and anonymous reviewer for comments on the paper and also to Paul Bishop and Mike Church for their constructive reviews of an early version of this manuscript. NR 98 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 35 IS 7 BP 803 EP 816 DI 10.1002/esp.1976 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 611HU UT WOS:000278805400007 ER PT J AU Usenko, S Smonich, SLM Hageman, KJ Schrlau, JE Geiser, L Campbell, DH Appleby, PG Landers, DH AF Usenko, Sascha Smonich, Staci L. Massey Hageman, Kimberly J. Schrlau, Jill E. Geiser, Linda Campbell, Don H. Appleby, Peter G. Landers, Dixon H. TI Sources and Deposition of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Western US National Parks SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; PAHS; SNOW; CONTAMINANTS; PESTICIDES; MOUNTAINS; EMISSIONS AB Seasonal snowpack, lichens, and lake sediment cores were collected from fourteen lake catchments in eight western U.S. National Parks and analyzed for sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to determine their current and historical deposition, as well as to identify their potential sources. Seasonal snowpack was measured to determine the current wintertime atmospheric PAH deposition; lichens were measured to determine the long-term, year around deposition; and the temporal PAH deposition trends were reconstructed using lake sediment cores dated using (210)Pb and (137)Cs. The fourteen remote lake catchments ranged from low-latitude catchments (36.6 degrees N) at high elevation (2900 mast) in Sequoia National Park, CA to high-latitude catchments (68.4 degrees N) at low elevation (427 mast) in the Alaskan Arctic. Over 75% of the catchments demonstrated statistically significant temporal trends in Sigma PAH sediment flux, depending on catchment proximity to source regions and topographic barriers. The Sigma PAH concentrations and fluxes in seasonal snowpack, lichens, and surficial sediment were 3.6 to 60,000 times greater in the Snyder Lake catchment of Glacier National Park than the other 13 lake catchments. The PAH ratios measured in snow, lichen, and sediment were used to identify a local aluminum smelter as a major source of PAHs to the Snyder Lake catchment. These results suggest that topographic barriers influence the atmospheric transport and deposition of PAHs in high-elevation ecosystems and that PAH sources to these national park ecosystems range from local point sources to diffuse regional and global sources. C1 [Usenko, Sascha; Smonich, Staci L. Massey; Schrlau, Jill E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Smonich, Staci L. Massey] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hageman, Kimberly J.] Univ Otago, Dept Chem, Dunedin 9014, New Zealand. [Geiser, Linda] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Reg Air Program, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Campbell, Don H.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Appleby, Peter G.] Univ Liverpool, Environm Radioact Res Ctr, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Landers, Dixon H.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Smonich, SLM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Staci.Simonich@orst.edu RI Usenko, Sascha/N-8730-2015; OI Usenko, Sascha/0000-0003-3303-2909; Hageman, Kimberly/0000-0001-9187-5256 FU National Park Service; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P3OES00210]; NIH; NIEHS [P42 ES016465] FX This work is part of WACAP (Western Airborne Contaminants Assessment Project), a collaborative venture among the National Park Service, the Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon State University, University of Washington, and the USDA Forest Service. It was funded primarily through cooperative and interagency agreements with the National Park Service, and also included in-kind contributions from all of the project partners. Further information about WACAP can be found on the WACAP web site at http://www.nature.nps.gov/air/Studies/air_toxics/wacap.htm. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This publication was made possible in part by grant P3OES00210 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, and NIEHS Grant P42 ES016465. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of the NIEHS, NIH. We thank Marilyn Morrison Erway (Dynamic Corporation) and crew for collecting the sediment samples from the National Parks. We also thank Ann-Lise Norman from the University of Calgary for her intellectual input. NR 36 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 12 BP 4512 EP 4518 DI 10.1021/es903844n PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 608WP UT WOS:000278617000024 PM 20465303 ER PT J AU Salinas-Moreno, Y Ager, A Vargas, CF Hayes, JL Zuniga, G AF Salinas-Moreno, Y. Ager, A. Vargas, C. F. Hayes, J. L. Zuniga, G. TI Determining the vulnerability of Mexican pine forests to bark beetles of the genus Dendroctonus Erichson (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bark beetles; Pine; Vulnerability; Mexico; Distribution; Richness ID PINACEAE; CANADA; SCALE AB Bark beetles of the genus Dendroctonus are natural inhabitants of forests; under particular conditions some species of this genus can cause large-scale tree mortality. However, only in recent decades has priority been given to the comprehensive study of these insects in Mexico. Mexico possesses high ecological diversity in Dendroctonus-Pinus associations. The geographic coexistence of 12 Dendroctonus species suggests greater vulnerability or threat of tree mortality relative to other areas. We use a biogeographic strategy to identify and rank the areas most vulnerable to tree mortality caused by bark beetles in Mexico. We aim to define the areas that might experience high impact by these insects and also to provide a geographic database useful to forest resource management and conservation policies in Mexico. Using collection records of bark beetles and pines, we develop a quantitative estimate of the threat of beetle infestation of forest areas based on factors including pine and beetle species density, host preference and level of mortality caused by beetle species. A quantitative estimate of forest area vulnerability, the Bark Beetle Threat Index (BBTI) was calculated. Despite the vast area of geographic coincidence of Pinus and Dendroctonus in Mexico, the regions of highest bark beetle pressure are restricted to small zones within some mountain systems. The region that has been most affected by this insect group during the past hundred years is the Transverse Volcanic Belt, followed by the Sierra Madre Occidental and Sierra Madre del Sur. Pine diversity is the major determining factor of BBTI at the regional level, while disturbances from extensive logging and ecosystem change are the key factors behind high BBTIs at the local level. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Salinas-Moreno, Y.; Vargas, C. F.; Zuniga, G.] Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol IPN, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. [Ager, A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Western Wildlands Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Prineville, OR 97754 USA. [Hayes, J. L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Salinas-Moreno, Y (reprint author), Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol IPN, Prol Carpio Esq Plan Ayala S-N, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. EM erfran_1960@hotmail.com FU CONAFOR 2002-CO1-5829; CONAFOR-CONACyT; PNW; WWETAC FX This paper presents part of the results of Project CONAFOR 2002-CO1-5829, funded by CONAFOR-CONACyT. Ager and Hayes were supported in part by PNW and WWETAC. We are grateful to Erika A. Garcia N. and Gloriela Aldana V. for their help in preparing the databases, and to Bridgett Naylor for help with ArcMap. We thank to Guillermo Sanchez-Martinez for helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 260 IS 1 BP 52 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.03.029 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 614YJ UT WOS:000279095400006 ER PT J AU Ager, AA Vaillant, NM Finney, MA AF Ager, Alan A. Vaillant, Nicole M. Finney, Mark A. TI A comparison of landscape fuel treatment strategies to mitigate wildland fire risk in the urban interface and preserve old forest structure (vol 259, pg 1556, 2010) SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Correction C1 [Ager, Alan A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Western Wildlands Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Prineville, OR 97754 USA. [Vaillant, Nicole M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Adapt Management Serv Enterprise Team, Nevada City, CA 95959 USA. [Finney, Mark A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. RP Ager, AA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Western Wildlands Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, 3160 NE 3rd St, Prineville, OR 97754 USA. EM aager@fs.fed.us; nvaillant@fs.fed.us; mfinney@fs.fed.us NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 260 IS 1 BP 166 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.03.012 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 614YJ UT WOS:000279095400018 ER PT J AU Noormets, A Sun, G McNulty, SG Gavazzi, MJ Chen, J Domec, JC King, JS Amatya, DM Skaggs, RW AF Noormets, A. Sun, G. McNulty, S. G. Gavazzi, M. J. Chen, J. Domec, J. -C. King, J. S. Amatya, D. M. Skaggs, R. W. TI Energy and water balance of two contrasting loblolly pine plantations on the lower coastal plain of North Carolina, USA (vol 259, pg 1299, 2010) SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Correction C1 [Noormets, A.; Domec, J. -C.; King, J. S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Sun, G.; McNulty, S. G.; Gavazzi, M. J.] US Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, So Res Stn, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Chen, J.] Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Amatya, D. M.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, USDA, Cordesville, SC 29434 USA. [Skaggs, R. W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Noormets, A (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM anoorme@ncsu.edu RI Noormets, Asko/A-7257-2009 OI Noormets, Asko/0000-0003-2221-2111 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 260 IS 1 BP 169 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.04.007 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 614YJ UT WOS:000279095400020 ER PT J AU Willis, DK Wang, J Lindholm, JR Orth, A Goodman, WG AF Willis, David K. Wang, Jun Lindholm, Joliene R. Orth, Anthony Goodman, Walter G. TI Microarray analysis of juvenile hormone response in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE real-time RT-qPCR; Epac ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; REAL-TIME; PCR AB A microchip array encompassing probes for 14,010 genes of Drosophila melanogaster was used to analyze the effect of juvenile hormone (JH) on genome-wide gene expression. JH is a member of a group of insect hormones involved in regulating larval development and adult reproductive processes. Total RNA was isolated from Drosophila S2 cells after 4 hours treatment with 250 ng/ml (10R) JH III or 250 ng/ml methyl linoleate. A collection of 32 known or putative genes demonstrated a significant change with JH III treatment (r > 2.0, P <= 0.005). Of these, the abundance of 13 transcripts was significantly increased and 19 decreased. The expression of a subset of these loci was analyzed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Three loci that exhibited constant expression in the presence and absence of JH III (RP49 [FBgn0002626], FBgn0023529, and FBgn0034354) were evaluated and found to be reliable invariant reference transcripts for real-time RT-qPCR analysis using BestKeeper and geNorm software. Increased expression in presence of JH III was confirmed by real-time RT-qPCR analysis. However, only one of five loci that exhibited reduced expression on microarrays could be confirmed as significantly reduced (P <= 0.05). Among the confirmed JH III up-regulated genes were two loci of unknown function (FBgn0040887 and FBgn0037057) and Epac, an exchange protein directly activated by cyclic AMP, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rap1 small GTPase. C1 [Willis, David K.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wang, Jun; Lindholm, Joliene R.; Goodman, Walter G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Orth, Anthony] Novartis Res Fdn, Genom Inst, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Willis, DK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dkwillis@wisc.edu; jun.wang01@invitrogen.com; jlindholm@entomology.wisc.edu; aorth@gnf.org; goodman@entomology.wisc.edu FU Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station [WIS0122]; Alex and Lillian Fier Distinguished Graduate Fellowship FX This work was supported in part by the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station (WIS0122) (WGG) and the Alex and Lillian Fier Distinguished Graduate Fellowship (JW). NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 66 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 622NX UT WOS:000279671600001 PM 20672983 ER PT J AU Becker-Reshef, I Vermote, E Lindeman, M Justice, C AF Becker-Reshef, I. Vermote, E. Lindeman, M. Justice, C. TI A generalized regression-based model for forecasting winter wheat yields in Kansas and Ukraine using MODIS data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Yield; Agriculture; Wheat ID DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; CROP YIELD; NDVI DATA; AVHRR DATA; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; UNITED-STATES; GRAIN-YIELD; LEAF-AREA; MAIZE AB Wheat is one of the key cereal crops grown worldwide, providing the primary caloric and nutritional source for millions of people around the world. In order to ensure food security and sound, actionable mitigation strategies and policies for management of food shortages, timely and accurate estimates of global crop production are essential. This study combines a new BRDF-corrected, daily surface reflectance dataset developed from NASA's Moderate resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) with detailed official crop statistics to develop an empirical, generalized approach to forecast wheat yields. The first step of this study was to develop and evaluate a regression-based model for forecasting winter wheat production in Kansas. This regression-based model was then directly applied to forecast winter wheat production in Ukraine. The forecasts of production in Kansas closely matched the USDA/NASS reported numbers with a 7% error. The same regression model forecast winter wheat production in Ukraine within 10% of the official reported production numbers six weeks prior to harvest. Using new data from MODIS, this method is simple, has limited data requirements, and can provide an indication of winter wheat production shortfalls and surplus prior to harvest in regions where minimal ground data is available. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Becker-Reshef, I.; Vermote, E.; Justice, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lindeman, M.] FAS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Becker-Reshef, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ireshef@umd.edu RI Vermote, Eric/K-3733-2012 NR 71 TC 91 Z9 107 U1 7 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 6 BP 1312 EP 1323 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2010.01.010 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 585XX UT WOS:000276865000015 ER PT J AU Chen, J Shang, HW Jin, XX AF Chen, Jian Shang, Hanwu Jin, Xixuan TI Interspecific variation of Delta(1,6)-piperideines in imported fire ants (vol 55, pg 1181, 2010) SO TOXICON LA English DT Correction C1 [Chen, Jian; Jin, Xixuan] ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Shang, Hanwu] China Jiliang Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RP Chen, J (reprint author), ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jian.chen@ars.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 55 IS 7 BP 1414 EP 1414 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.03.017 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 599AJ UT WOS:000277881900028 ER PT J AU Buescher, E Achberger, T Amusan, I Giannini, A Ochsenfeld, C Rus, A Lahner, B Hoekenga, O Yakubova, E Harper, JF Guerinot, ML Zhang, M Salt, DE Baxter, IR AF Buescher, Elizabeth Achberger, Tilman Amusan, Idris Giannini, Anthony Ochsenfeld, Cherie Rus, Ana Lahner, Brett Hoekenga, Owen Yakubova, Elena Harper, Jeffrey F. Guerinot, Mary Lou Zhang, Min Salt, David E. Baxter, Ivan R. TI Natural Genetic Variation in Selected Populations of Arabidopsis thaliana Is Associated with Ionomic Differences SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MINERAL CONCENTRATIONS; PHOSPHATE DEFICIENCY; ALUMINUM TOLERANCE; LANDSBERG ERECTA; HIGH-RESOLUTION; QTL ANALYSIS; IDENTIFICATION; ACCUMULATION; PLANTS AB Controlling elemental composition is critical for plant growth and development as well as the nutrition of humans who utilize plants for food. Uncovering the genetic architecture underlying mineral ion homeostasis in plants is a critical first step towards understanding the biochemical networks that regulate a plant's elemental composition (ionome). Natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana provide a rich source of genetic diversity that leads to phenotypic differences. We analyzed the concentrations of 17 different elements in 12 A. thaliana accessions and three recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations grown in several different environments using high-throughput inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Significant differences were detected between the accessions for most elements and we identified over a hundred QTLs for elemental accumulation in the RIL populations. Altering the environment the plants were grown in had a strong effect on the correlations between different elements and the QTLs controlling elemental accumulation. All ionomic data presented is publicly available at www.ionomicshub.org. C1 [Buescher, Elizabeth; Amusan, Idris] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Achberger, Tilman; Ochsenfeld, Cherie; Zhang, Min] Purdue Univ, Dept Stat, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Giannini, Anthony] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Rus, Ana; Lahner, Brett; Yakubova, Elena; Salt, David E.; Baxter, Ivan R.] Purdue Univ, Ctr Plant Environm Stress Physiol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hoekenga, Owen] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Harper, Jeffrey F.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Guerinot, Mary Lou] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Baxter, Ivan R.] ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO USA. RP Buescher, E (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ibaxter@danforthcenter.org RI Baxter, Ivan/A-1052-2009 OI Baxter, Ivan/0000-0001-6680-1722 FU NSF [DBI-0077378, IOS-0419695, DBI-0419435]; National Institutes of Health, the National Institute of General Medicine [R01 GM78536-01A1]; Indiana 21st Century Research and Technology Fund [912010479] FX This project was funded by a grant from the NSF Plant Genome Research Program (DBI-0077378) awarded to Mary Lou Guerinot, David Eide, Jeff Harper, David E. Salt, Julian Schroeder and John Ward, NSF Arabidopsis 2010 program (IOS-0419695) awarded to Mary Lou Guerinot, Jeff Harper, David E. Salt, Julian Schroeder and John Ward, National Institutes of Health, the National Institute of General Medicine (R01 GM78536-01A1) awarded to David E. Salt, Mary Lou Guerinot and Ivan Baxter and the Indiana 21st Century Research and Technology Fund (912010479) to David E. Salt. Owen Hoekenga was supported by the NSF Plant Genome Research Program (DBI-0419435) awarded to Leon Kochian, Edward Buckler, Owen Hoekenga and Jocelyn Rose. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 22 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 14 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 6 AR e11081 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0011081 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 610NX UT WOS:000278741100003 PM 20559418 ER PT J AU Guerrero, FD Moolhuijzen, P Peterson, DG Bidwell, S Caler, E Bellgard, M Nene, VM Djikeng, A AF Guerrero, Felix D. Moolhuijzen, Paula Peterson, Daniel G. Bidwell, Shelby Caler, Elisabet Bellgard, Matthew Nene, Vishvanath M. Djikeng, Appolinaire TI Reassociation kinetics-based approach for partial genome sequencing of the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; DNA; RESISTANCE; ANNULATUS; IXODIDAE; ACARI AB Background: The size and repetitive nature of the Rhipicephalus microplus genome makes obtaining a full genome sequence fiscally and technically problematic. To selectively obtain gene-enriched regions of this tick's genome, Cot filtration was performed, and Cot-filtered DNA was sequenced via 454 FLX pyrosequencing. Results: The sequenced Cot-filtered genomic DNA was assembled with an EST-based gene index of 14,586 unique entries where each EST served as a potential "seed" for scaffold formation. The new sequence assembly extended the lengths of 3,913 of the 14,586 gene index entries. Over half of the extensions corresponded to extensions of over 30 amino acids. To survey the repetitive elements in the tick genome, the complete sequences of five BAC clones were determined. Both Class I and II transposable elements were found. Comparison of the BAC and Cot filtration data indicates that Cot filtration was highly successful in filtering repetitive DNA out of the genomic DNA used in 454 sequencing. Conclusion: Cot filtration is a very useful strategy to incorporate into genome sequencing projects on organisms with large genome sizes and which contain high percentages of repetitive, difficult to assemble, genomic DNA. Combining the Cot selection approach with 454 sequencing and assembly with a pre-existing EST database as seeds resulted in extensions of 27% of the members of the EST database. C1 [Guerrero, Felix D.] USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Moolhuijzen, Paula; Bellgard, Matthew] Murdoch Univ, Ctr Comparat Gen, Perth, WA 6150, Australia. [Peterson, Daniel G.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Peterson, Daniel G.] Mississippi State Univ, Life Sci & Biotechnol Inst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Bidwell, Shelby; Caler, Elisabet] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Nene, Vishvanath M.; Djikeng, Appolinaire] BecA ILRI Hub, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Guerrero, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM Felix.Guerrero@ars.usda.gov OI Peterson, Daniel/0000-0002-0274-5968 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA-CSREES [2005-35604-15440]; NSF [DBI-0421717] FX Research was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA-CSREES grant #2005-35604-15440 (to F. D. G.) and NSF DBI-0421717 award (to D.G.P.). We are grateful for technical advice received from CCG staff members Rudi Appels, Zayed Albertyn and Adam Hunter and assistance from David Schibeci with CCG system administration. We thank the assistance of Drs. Ala Lew and Manuel Rodriguez Valles for critical review of the manuscript. Also, thanks to Dr. Zenaida Magbanua, Mississippi State University, for assistance with Cot protocols. This article reports the results of research only. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation of endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JUN 11 PY 2010 VL 11 AR 374 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-11-374 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 625CF UT WOS:000279869000005 PM 20540747 ER PT J AU Gutierrez-Gonzalez, JJ Wu, XL Gillman, JD Lee, JD Zhong, R Yu, O Shannon, G Ellersieck, M Nguyen, HT Sleper, DA AF Gutierrez-Gonzalez, Juan J. Wu, Xiaolei Gillman, Jason D. Lee, Jeong-Dong Zhong, Rui Yu, Oliver Shannon, Grover Ellersieck, Mark Nguyen, Henry T. Sleper, David A. TI Intricate environment-modulated genetic networks control isoflavone accumulation in soybean seeds SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; SYNTHASE MULTIGENE FAMILY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; COMPLEX TRAITS; EXPERIMENTAL POPULATIONS; GLYCINE-MAX; EPISTASIS; EVOLUTION; ARCHITECTURE; PLANTS AB Background: Soybean (Glycine max [L] Merr.) seed isoflavones have long been considered a desirable trait to target in selection programs for their contribution to human health and plant defense systems. However, attempts to modify seed isoflavone contents have not always produced the expected results because their genetic basis is polygenic and complex. Undoubtedly, the extreme variability that seed isoflavones display over environments has obscured our understanding of the genetics involved. Results: In this study, a mapping population of RILs with three replicates was analyzed in four different environments (two locations over two years). We found a total of thirty-five main-effect genomic regions and many epistatic interactions controlling genistein, daidzein, glycitein and total isoflavone accumulation in seeds. The use of distinct environments permitted detection of a great number of environment-modulated and minor-effect QTL. Our findings suggest that isoflavone seed concentration is controlled by a complex network of multiple minor-effect loci interconnected by a dense epistatic map of interactions. The magnitude and significance of the effects of many of the nodes and connections in the network varied depending on the environmental conditions. In an attempt to unravel the genetic architecture underlying the traits studied, we searched on a genome-wide scale for genomic regions homologous to the most important identified isoflavone biosynthetic genes. We identified putative candidate genes for several of the main-effect and epistatic QTL and for QTL reported by other groups. Conclusions: To better understand the underlying genetics of isoflavone accumulation, we performed a large scale analysis to identify genomic regions associated with isoflavone concentrations. We not only identified a number of such regions, but also found that they can interact with one another and with the environment to form a complex adaptable network controlling seed isoflavone levels. We also found putative candidate genes in several regions and overall we advanced the knowledge of the genetics underlying isoflavone synthesis. C1 [Gutierrez-Gonzalez, Juan J.; Wu, Xiaolei; Shannon, Grover; Nguyen, Henry T.; Sleper, David A.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Gutierrez-Gonzalez, Juan J.; Wu, Xiaolei; Shannon, Grover; Nguyen, Henry T.; Sleper, David A.] Univ Missouri, Natl Ctr Soybean Biotechnol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Gillman, Jason D.] Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Lee, Jeong-Dong] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Div Plant Biosci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Zhong, Rui; Yu, Oliver] Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. [Ellersieck, Mark] Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Gutierrez-Gonzalez, Juan J.] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Gutierrez-Gonzalez, Juan J.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Sleper, DA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM sleperd@missouri.edu OI Gutierrez-Gonzalez, Juan/0000-0002-6795-6192 FU National Science Foundation [MCB0519634]; US Department of Agriculture [NRI2005-05190]; USDA-CSREES [2006-34555-17010]; NSF-MRI Major Research Instrumentation [0526687] FX Authors deeply thank Dr Jian Yang for kindly conducting Monte Carlo simulations to estimate the statistical power of the analysis. We also thank the Missouri Agricultural Experimental Station for conducting the field assays. This project was supported by National Science Foundation (MCB0519634), US Department of Agriculture (NRI2005-05190) to O.Y., as well as USDA-CSREES award no. 2006-34555-17010 for the National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and NSF-MRI Major Research Instrumentation grant no. 0526687. Mention of a trademark, vendor, or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that may also be suitable. NR 73 TC 25 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 18 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD JUN 11 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 105 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-10-105 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 637ST UT WOS:000280839700001 PM 20540761 ER PT J AU Yadav, MP Parris, N Johnston, DB Onwulata, CI Hicks, KB AF Yadav, Madhav P. Parris, Nicholas Johnston, David B. Onwulata, Charles I. Hicks, Kevin B. TI Corn fiber gum and milk protein conjugates with improved emulsion stability SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE Corn fiber; Arabinoxylan; Polysaccharides; Emulsions; Emulsifier; Homogenization; Conjugation; Polysaccharide-protein conjugates ID EMULSIFYING PROPERTIES; BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN; MAILLARD REACTION; WHEY PROTEINS; DEXTRAN; FUNCTIONALITY; OIL AB Corn fiber gum (CFG), an alkaline hydrogen peroxide extract of the corn kernel milling by-product "corn fiber" was covalently conjugated with beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) and whey protein isolate (WPI). Covalent coupling of CFG to protein was achieved by dry heating reaction (Maillard-type) of CFG and protein mixtures (3:1) for up to 7 days at 75 degrees C and 79% relative humidity. The formation of the CFG and protein conjugate was confirmed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The conjugates as well as pure proteins and pure CFG were compared for their ability to stabilize oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions with 5% and 10% orange oil by turbidimetric and Dynamic Light Scattering (DES) methods respectively. Measurements of turbidities, particles size distribution and average particle size in emulsions have shown that CFG-protein conjugates prepared by dry heating at 75 degrees C and 79% relative humidity for up to 2 days were more effective at stabilizing emulsions at room temperature than was CFG or protein alone. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Yadav, Madhav P.; Parris, Nicholas; Johnston, David B.; Onwulata, Charles I.; Hicks, Kevin B.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Yadav, MP (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM madhav.yadav@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD JUN 11 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 2 BP 476 EP 483 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.03.003 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 602WT UT WOS:000278170400042 ER PT J AU Rios, AG Martinez, PP Lopez, PM Jimenez, FF Karlezi, RA Caballero, J Mata, N Ordovas, JM Jimenez, FP Miranda, JL AF Garcia Rios, A. Perez Martinez, P. Mata Lopez, P. Fuentes Jimenez, F. Alonso Karlezi, R. Caballero, J. Mata, N. Ordovas, J. M. Perez Jimenez, F. Lopez Miranda, J. TI ABCG5 POLYMORPHISMS MODULATE PLASMA LIPID LEVELS: INSIGHT FROM THE SPANISH FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA COHORT STUDY SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Congress of the European-Atherosclerosis-Society CY JUN 20-23, 2010 CL Hamburg, GERMANY SP European Atherosclerosis Soc C1 [Garcia Rios, A.; Perez Martinez, P.; Fuentes Jimenez, F.; Caballero, J.; Perez Jimenez, F.; Lopez Miranda, J.] Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain. [Mata Lopez, P.; Alonso Karlezi, R.; Mata, N.] Fdn Jimenez Diaz, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Ordovas, J. M.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN 10 PY 2010 VL 11 IS 2 MA P323 BP 85 EP 85 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 613IJ UT WOS:000278972300390 ER PT J AU van Schalkwijk, DB van Bochove, K Parnell, LD Lai, CQ Ordovas, JM de Graaf, AA van Ommen, B Arnett, DK AF van Schalkwijk, D. B. van Bochove, K. Parnell, L. D. Lai, C. -Q. Ordovas, J. M. de Graaf, A. A. van Ommen, B. Arnett, D. K. TI CLUSTERING BY PLASMA LIPOPROTEIN PROFILE REVEALS LARGE FENOFIBRATE RESPONDER SUBGROUP SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Congress of the European-Atherosclerosis-Society CY JUN 20-23, 2010 CL Hamburg, GERMANY SP European Atherosclerosis Soc C1 [van Schalkwijk, D. B.; van Bochove, K.; de Graaf, A. A.; van Ommen, B.] TNO Qual Life, BU Biosci, Zeist, Netherlands. [van Schalkwijk, D. B.] Leiden Univ, LACDR, Leiden, Netherlands. [Parnell, L. D.; Lai, C. -Q.; Ordovas, J. M.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab,JM, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Arnett, D. K.] Univ Alabama, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN 10 PY 2010 VL 11 IS 2 MA MS327 BP 175 EP 175 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 613RW UT WOS:000278998800328 ER PT J AU Ma, MG Liu, LZ AF Ma, Menggen Liu, Lewis Z. TI Quantitative transcription dynamic analysis reveals candidate genes and key regulators for ethanol tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXTERNAL RNA CONTROLS; BIOMASS CONVERSION INHIBITORS; RESPONSE ELEMENT STRE; SAKE YEAST; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; WINE FERMENTATION; DNA MICROARRAY; BUDDING YEAST; FUEL ETHANOL AB Background: Derived from our lignocellulosic conversion inhibitor-tolerant yeast, we generated an ethanol-tolerant strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae NRRL Y-50316 by enforced evolutionary adaptation. Using a newly developed robust mRNA reference and a master equation unifying gene expression data analyses, we investigated comparative quantitative transcription dynamics of 175 genes selected from previous studies for an ethanol-tolerant yeast and its closely related parental strain. Results: A highly fitted master equation was established and applied for quantitative gene expression analyses using pathway-based qRT-PCR array assays. The ethanol-tolerant Y-50316 displayed significantly enriched background of mRNA abundance for at least 35 genes without ethanol challenge compared with its parental strain Y-50049. Under the ethanol challenge, the tolerant Y-50316 responded in consistent expressions over time for numerous genes belonging to groups of heat shock proteins, trehalose metabolism, glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acid metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, pleiotropic drug resistance gene family and transcription factors. The parental strain showed repressed expressions for many genes and was unable to withstand the ethanol stress and establish a viable culture and fermentation. The distinct expression dynamics between the two strains and their close association with cell growth, viability and ethanol fermentation profiles distinguished the tolerance-response from the stress-response in yeast under the ethanol challenge. At least 82 genes were identified as candidate and key genes for ethanol-tolerance and subsequent fermentation under the stress. Among which, 36 genes were newly recognized by the present study. Most of the ethanol-tolerance candidate genes were found to share protein binding motifs of transcription factors Msn4p/Msn2p, Yap1p, Hsf1p and Pdr1p/Pdr3p. Conclusion: Enriched background of transcription abundance and enhanced expressions of ethanol-tolerance genes associated with heat shock proteins, trehalose-glycolysis-pentose phosphate pathways and PDR gene family are accountable for the tolerant yeast to withstand the ethanol stress, maintain active metabolisms, and complete ethanol fermentation under the ethanol stress. Transcription factor Msn4p appeared to be a key regulator of gene interactions for ethanol-tolerance in the tolerant yeast Y-50316. C1 [Ma, Menggen; Liu, Lewis Z.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Ma, Menggen] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Liu, LZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM zlewis.liu@ars.usda.gov FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2006-35504-17359] FX We thank Scott Weber and Stephanie Thompson for technical assistance; to Michael Cotta for critically reading the manuscript. This work was supported in part by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, grant number 2006-35504-17359. The mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 76 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 28 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD JUN 10 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 169 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-10-169 PG 20 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 625XH UT WOS:000279929600001 PM 20537179 ER PT J AU Scotcher, MC Cheng, LW Stanker, LH AF Scotcher, Miles C. Cheng, Luisa W. Stanker, Larry H. TI Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype B at Sub Mouse LD50 Levels by a Sandwich Immunoassay and Its Application to Toxin Detection in Milk SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; DODECYL-SULFATE; SEQUENCE; BINDING; PROTEIN; REGION; IDENTIFICATION; OUTBREAK; TETANUS AB Background: Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), the causative agent of botulism, a serious neuroparylatic disease, is produced by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum and consists of a family of seven serotypes (A-H). We previously reported production of high-affinity monoclonal antibodies to BoNT serotype A. Methods and Findings: Recombinant peptide fragments of the light chain, the transmembrane and receptor-binding domains of the heavy chain of botulinum neurotoxin type B (BoNT/B) were expressed in Escherichia coli as GST-fusion proteins and purified. These proteins were used to immunize BALB/cJ mice for the generation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Antibody-producing hybridomas were detected using either a direct binding ELISA binding to plate-immobilized BoNT/B, or with a capture-capture ELISA whereby the capacity of the antibody to capture BoNT/B from solution was tested. A total of five mAbs were selected, two of which bound the toxin light chain and three bound the receptor-binding domain of BoNT/B heavy chain. MAb MCS6-27 was identified via capture-capture ELISA and was the only mAb able to bind BoNT/B in solution under physiological conditions. MAbs F24-1, F26-16, F27-33 and F29-40 were identified via direct binding ELISA, and were able to capture BoNT/B in solution only in the presence of 0.5-0.9 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). MAb MCS6-27 and an anti-BoNT/B polyclonal antibody were incorporated into a sandwich ELISA that did not require SDS. Conclusions: We report here the generation of monoclonal antibodies to serotype B and the subsequent development of a sensitive sandwich immunoassay. This immunoassay has a detection limit of 100 fg BoNT/B, fifty times more sensitive than the mouse bioassay detection limit of 5 pg BoNT/B. Additionally, this assay detected as little as 39 pg/mL of toxin in skim, 2% and whole milk. C1 [Scotcher, Miles C.; Cheng, Luisa W.; Stanker, Larry H.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. RP Scotcher, MC (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. EM larry.stanker@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, CRIS [5325-42000-043-00D]; U.S. Public Health Service [U54 AI065359] FX This work was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, CRIS project 5325-42000-043-00D and the U.S. Public Health Service Grant U54 AI065359. The funders had no role in sudy design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 10 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 6 AR e11047 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0011047 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 608QA UT WOS:000278599600008 PM 20548779 ER PT J AU Langhorst, ML Hastings, MJ Yokoyama, WH Hung, SC Cellar, N Kuppannan, K Young, SA AF Langhorst, Marsha L. Hastings, Michael J. Yokoyama, Wallace H. Hung, Shao-Ching Cellar, Nicholas Kuppannan, Krishna Young, Scott A. TI Determination of F-2-Isoprostanes in Urine by Online Solid Phase Extraction Coupled to Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Determination of urine isoprostanes; online SPE-LC/MS/MS; mass spectrometry ID RADICAL-CATALYZED MECHANISM; PEROXIDATION IN-VIVO; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; 8-ISO-PROSTAGLANDIN F2-ALPHA; RAT MODEL; ISOPROSTANES; QUANTIFICATION; PLASMA; NONCYCLOOXYGENASE AB F-2-isoprostanes are a unique class of prostaglandin-like compounds formed in vivo, which have been established as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Accurate analysis has been challenging due to lack of specificity for the isoforms of isoprostanes and lengthy sample preparation procedures to enable trace quantitative analysis. A quantitative analytical method was developed for the determination of F-2-isoprostanes in rat and hamster urine by online solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The online SPE LC-MS/MS procedure has significant advantages over alternative methods with respect to specificity, sensitivity, simplicity, and speed. The assay enables the detection of iPF(2 alpha)-III, iPF(2 alpha)-IV, and iPF(2 alpha)-VI over a linear dynamic range of 0.1-50 ng/mL in rat urine samples. This range covers the basal levels of these F-2-isoprostanes. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for the standard isoprostanes was about 0.3 ng/mL. The average recoveries ranged from 73 to 115% depending upon the individual F-2-isoprostane isomers in rat urine. Additionally, the method was used to determine increases of endogenous urine iPF(2 alpha)-VI and iPF(2 alpha)-III in hamsters challenged with either low-fat or high-fat diets. C1 [Langhorst, Marsha L.; Hung, Shao-Ching; Cellar, Nicholas; Kuppannan, Krishna; Young, Scott A.] Dow Chem Co USA, Analyt Sci, Midland, MI 48667 USA. [Hastings, Michael J.] Dow AgroSci, Indianapolis, IN 46258 USA. [Yokoyama, Wallace H.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Young, SA (reprint author), Dow Chem Co USA, Analyt Sci, 1897 Bldg, Midland, MI 48667 USA. EM sayoung@dow.com OI Cellar, Nicholas/0000-0002-8027-3644 NR 34 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 9 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 11 BP 6614 EP 6620 DI 10.1021/jf101146q PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 602OU UT WOS:000278149500011 PM 20476785 ER PT J AU Lin, LZ Harnly, JM AF Lin, Long-Ze Harnly, James M. TI Phenolic Component Profiles of Mustard Greens, Yu Choy, and 15 Other Brassica Vegetables SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Brassica vegetables; flavonoids; hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives; LC-DAD-ESI/MS analysis; phenolic component profiling ID CHINENSIS VAR. COMMUNIS; HPLC-DAD; RAPA L.; JUNCEA COSS; IDENTIFICATION; FLAVONOIDS; CANCER; BROCCOLI; LEAVES; MS/MS AB A liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) profiling method was used to characterize the phenolic components of 17 leafy vegetables from Brassica species other than Brassica oleracea. The vegetables studied were mustard green, baby mustard green, gai choy, baby gai choy, yu choy, yu choy tip, bok choy, bok choy tip, baby bok choy, bok choy sum, Taiwan bok choy, Shanghai bok choy, baby Shanghai bok choy, rapini broccoli, turnip green, napa, and baby napa. This work led to the tentative identification of 71 phenolic compounds consisting of kaempferol 3-O-diglucoside-7-O-glucoside derivatives, isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside-7-O-glucoside hydroxycinnamoyl gentiobioses, hydroxycinnamoylmalic acids, and hydroxycinnamoylquinic acids. Ten of the compounds, 3-O-diacyltriglucoside-7-O-glucosides of kaempferol and quercetin, had not been previously reported. The phenolic component profiles of these vegetables were significantly different than those of the leafy vegetables from B. oleracea. This is the first comparative study of these leafy vegetables. Ten of the vegetables had never been previously studied by LC-MS. C1 [Lin, Long-Ze; Harnly, James M.] ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lin, LZ (reprint author), ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Bldg 161,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM longze.lin@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture; National Institutes of Health FX This research was supported by the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and an Interagency Agreement with the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 9 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 11 BP 6850 EP 6857 DI 10.1021/jf1004786 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 602OU UT WOS:000278149500044 PM 20465307 ER PT J AU Chung, CL Longfellow, JM Walsh, EK Kerdieh, Z Van Esbroeck, G Balint-Kurti, P Nelson, RJ AF Chung, Chia-Lin Longfellow, Joy M. Walsh, Ellie K. Kerdieh, Zura Van Esbroeck, George Balint-Kurti, Peter Nelson, Rebecca J. TI Resistance loci affecting distinct stages of fungal pathogenesis: use of introgression lines for QTL mapping and characterization in the maize - Setosphaeria turcica pathosystem SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CORN LEAF-BLIGHT; ZEA-MAYS L; SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; CHLOROTIC-LESION RESISTANCE; ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; ANTHRACNOSE STALK ROT; NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES; EXSEROHILUM-TURCICUM; DISEASE RESISTANCE AB Background: Studies on host-pathogen interactions in a range of pathosystems have revealed an array of mechanisms by which plants reduce the efficiency of pathogenesis. While R-gene mediated resistance confers highly effective defense responses against pathogen invasion, quantitative resistance is associated with intermediate levels of resistance that reduces disease progress. To test the hypothesis that specific loci affect distinct stages of fungal pathogenesis, a set of maize introgression lines was used for mapping and characterization of quantitative trait loci (QTL) conditioning resistance to Setosphaeria turcica, the causal agent of northern leaf blight (NLB). To better understand the nature of quantitative resistance, the identified QTL were further tested for three secondary hypotheses: (1) that disease QTL differ by host developmental stage; (2) that their performance changes across environments; and (3) that they condition broad-spectrum resistance. Results: Among a set of 82 introgression lines, seven lines were confirmed as more resistant or susceptible than B73. Two NLB QTL were validated in BC(4)F(2) segregating populations and advanced introgression lines. These loci, designated qNLB1.02 and qNLB1.06, were investigated in detail by comparing the introgression lines with B73 for a series of macroscopic and microscopic disease components targeting different stages of NLB development. Repeated greenhouse and field trials revealed that qNLB1.06(Tx303) (the Tx303 allele at bin 1.06) reduces the efficiency of fungal penetration, while qNLB1.02(B73) (the B73 allele at bin 1.02) enhances the accumulation of callose and phenolics surrounding infection sites, reduces hyphal growth into the vascular bundle and impairs the subsequent necrotrophic colonization in the leaves. The QTL were equally effective in both juvenile and adult plants; qNLB1.06(Tx303) showed greater effectiveness in the field than in the greenhouse. In addition to NLB resistance, qNLB1.02(B73) was associated with resistance to Stewart's wilt and common rust, while qNLB1.06(Tx303) conferred resistance to Stewart's wilt. The nonspecific resistance may be attributed to pleiotropy or linkage. Conclusions: Our research has led to successful identification of two reliably-expressed QTL that can potentially be utilized to protect maize from S. turcica in different environments. This approach to identifying and dissecting quantitative resistance in plants will facilitate the application of quantitative resistance in crop protection. C1 [Chung, Chia-Lin; Longfellow, Joy M.; Walsh, Ellie K.; Nelson, Rebecca J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Nelson, Rebecca J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Kerdieh, Zura] W Virginia State Univ, Dept Biol, Institute, WV 25112 USA. [Van Esbroeck, George] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Balint-Kurti, Peter] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Balint-Kurti, Peter] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Nelson, RJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM rjn7@cornell.edu OI CHUNG, CHIA-LIN/0000-0002-1612-0109; Balint-Kurti, Peter/0000-0002-3916-194X FU CGIAR Generation Challenge Program; McK-night Foundation; USDA-ARS; Ministry of Education, Taiwan FX We thank Jim Holland for providing the seeds of TBBC3 lines, Jesse Poland for help with rust inoculation, and Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc. for the supply of sorghum grains used in production of inoculum. We appreciate help from Judith Kolkman, Oliver Ott and Kristen Kennedy with aspects in the research. The work was funded by The CGIAR Generation Challenge Program, The McK-night Foundation, USDA-ARS, and Ministry of Education, Taiwan. NR 97 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 24 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD JUN 8 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 103 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-10-103 PG 25 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 626HU UT WOS:000279957800001 PM 20529319 ER PT J AU Chen, JH Yu, JB Ge, LF Wang, HL Berbel, A Liu, Y Chen, YH Li, GM Tadege, M Wen, JQ Cosson, V Mysore, KS Ratet, P Madueno, F Bai, GH Chen, RJ AF Chen, Jianghua Yu, Jianbin Ge, Liangfa Wang, Hongliang Berbel, Ana Liu, Yu Chen, Yuhui Li, Guangming Tadege, Million Wen, Jiangqi Cosson, Viviane Mysore, Kirankumar S. Ratet, Pascal Madueno, Francisco Bai, Guihua Chen, Rujin TI Control of dissected leaf morphology by a Cys(2)His(2) zinc finger transcription factor in the model legume Medicago truncatula SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE compound leaf development; zinc finger transcription factor PALM1; LFY/UNI/SGL1; KNOXI; morphogenesis ID KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX GENE; COMPOUND LEAF; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; EXPRESSION; PROTEINS; TOMATO; OVEREXPRESSION; MORPHOGENESIS; EVOLUTION; FRAMEWORK AB Plant leaves are diverse in their morphology, reflecting to a large degree the plant diversity in the natural environment. How different leaf morphology is determined is not yet understood. The leguminous plant Medicago truncatula exhibits dissected leaves with three leaflets at the tip. We show that development of the trifoliate leaves is determined by the Cys(2)His(2) zinc finger transcription factor PALM1. Loss-of-function mutants of PALM1 develop dissected leaves with five leaflets clustered at the tip. We demonstrate that PALM1 binds a specific promoter sequence and down-regulates the expression of the M. truncatula LEAFY/UNIFOLIATA orthologue SINGLE LEAFLET1 (SGL1), encoding an indeterminacy factor necessary for leaflet initiation. Our data indicate that SGL1 is required for leaflet proliferation in the palm1 mutant. Interestingly, ectopic expression of PALM1 effectively suppresses the lobed leaf phenotype from overexpression of a class 1 KNOTTED1-like homeobox protein in Arabidopsis plants. Taken together, our results show that PALM1 acts as a determinacy factor, regulates the spatial-temporal expression of SGL1 during leaf morphogenesis and together with the LEAFY/UNIFOLIATA orthologue plays an important role in orchestrating the compound leaf morphology in M. truncatula. C1 [Chen, Jianghua; Ge, Liangfa; Wang, Hongliang; Liu, Yu; Chen, Yuhui; Li, Guangming; Tadege, Million; Wen, Jiangqi; Mysore, Kirankumar S.; Chen, Rujin] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. [Yu, Jianbin; Bai, Guihua] ARS, USDA, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Berbel, Ana; Madueno, Francisco] Univ Politecn Valencia, IBMCP, Consejo Super Invest Cient, CPI, Valencia 46022, Spain. [Cosson, Viviane; Ratet, Pascal] CNRS, Inst Sci Vegetal, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Chen, RJ (reprint author), Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. EM rchen@noble.org RI Madueno, Francisco/L-5167-2014; Ge, Liangfa/F-2110-2016; OI Ge, Liangfa/0000-0002-4831-4637; Madueno, Francisco/0000-0001-7598-3003 FU Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation; National Science Foundation [DBI 0703285]; European Union [QLG2-CT-2000-00676]; Grain Legumes Integrated Project [FOOD-CT-2004-506223]; Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [BIO2009-10876] FX We thank Randy Allen, Richard Dixon, and Richard Nelson for helpful comments on the manuscript; Douglas Cook (UC Davis) for providing simple sequence repeat marker sequences; the Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center (ABRC) at Ohio State University for seed stocks; Preston Larson for assistance with SEM; Haiyun Pan and Xiaoqiang Wang (Noble Foundation) for providing purified His-TEV protein; Shuirong Zhang, Xirong Xiao, Kuihua Zhang, Carine Sicot, and Lysiane Brocard for technical assistance; and Jackie Kelly for editorial assistance. Work from the corresponding author's laboratory was supported in part by the Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation and the National Science Foundation (DBI 0703285). Financial support was also provided in part by European Union Project QLG2-CT-2000-00676 (to P. R. and V. C.), Grain Legumes Integrated Project FOOD-CT-2004-506223 (to F. M., A. B., P. R., and V. C.), and Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion Grant BIO2009-10876 (to F. M. and A. B.). NR 32 TC 19 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 21 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 8 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 23 BP 10754 EP 10759 DI 10.1073/pnas.1003954107 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 608AH UT WOS:000278549300076 PM 20498057 ER PT J AU Yang, PZ Zheng, HM Larson, S Miao, YJ Hu, TM AF Yang, Peizhi Zheng, Hongmei Larson, Steven Miao, Yanjun Hu, Tianming TI Phylogenetic relationships of eleven Kobresia accessions from the Tibetan plateau SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Kobresia; phylogenetic relationships; random amplified polymorphic DNA; Tibetan plateau ID INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; CHLOROPLAST DNA; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; RANUNCULUS-REPENS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; CLONAL DIVERSITY; CYPERACEAE; SEQUENCES; POPULATIONS; SYSTEMATICS AB In the past, identification of the genus Kobresia was mostly dependent on morphological characteristics. This study used random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), sequences of nrDNA ITS, cpDNA trnT-L-F spacer and cpDNA ndhF to assess the phylogenetic relationships among the accessions of Kobresia plants collected from the Tibetan plateau. In the dendrograms, Kobresia macrentha (L) species formed a separate clade suggesting a remote relationship with other accessions. These trees showed that species found in similar habitats or having similar adaptations tended to cluster together. Thus, the genetic variation and adaptation seen in these Kobresia accessions may be due to their remote geographic and high altitudinal position in the Tibetan plateau. This study highlights the importance of molecular analysis in understanding the genetic diversity and structure of Kobresia accessions, and contributes to the knowledge of conservation of genetic resources. C1 [Yang, Peizhi; Zheng, Hongmei; Miao, Yanjun; Hu, Tianming] NW A&F Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Dept Grassland Sci, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Larson, Steven] Utah State Univ, Forage & Range Res Lab, USDA, ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Hu, TM (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Dept Grassland Sci, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM hutianming@126.com FU Key International Co-operation Project of China [2006DFA33630]; National Department Public Benefit Research Foundation [2009 03060] FX The study was supported by Key International Co-operation Project of China (2006DFA33630) and National Department Public Benefit Research Foundation (2009 03060). NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC JOURNALS PI VICTORIA ISLAND PA P O BOX 5170-00200 NAIROBI, VICTORIA ISLAND, LAGOS 73023, NIGERIA SN 1684-5315 J9 AFR J BIOTECHNOL JI Afr. J. Biotechnol. PD JUN 7 PY 2010 VL 9 IS 23 BP 3359 EP 3367 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 608MV UT WOS:000278589300004 ER PT J AU Lee, S Donehower, LA Herron, AJ Moore, DD Fu, LN AF Lee, Susie Donehower, Lawrence A. Herron, Alan J. Moore, David D. Fu, Loning TI Disrupting Circadian Homeostasis of Sympathetic Signaling Promotes Tumor Development in Mice SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID AUTONOMIC NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; BREAST-CANCER RISK; OVARIAN-CANCER; DNA-DAMAGE; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; GENE-EXPRESSION; VARYING PHOTOPERIODS; GROWTH-HORMONE; BONE-FORMATION AB Background: Cell proliferation in all rapidly renewing mammalian tissues follows a circadian rhythm that is often disrupted in advanced-stage tumors. Epidemiologic studies have revealed a clear link between disruption of circadian rhythms and cancer development in humans. Mice lacking the circadian genes Period1 and 2 (Per) or Cryptochrome1 and 2 (Cry) are deficient in cell cycle regulation and Per2 mutant mice are cancer-prone. However, it remains unclear how circadian rhythm in cell proliferation is generated in vivo and why disruption of circadian rhythm may lead to tumorigenesis. Methodology/Principal Findings: Mice lacking Per1 and 2, Cry1 and 2, or one copy of Bmal1, all show increased spontaneous and radiation-induced tumor development. The neoplastic growth of Per-mutant somatic cells is not controlled cell-autonomously but is dependent upon extracellular mitogenic signals. Among the circadian output pathways, the rhythmic sympathetic signaling plays a key role in the central-peripheral timing mechanism that simultaneously activates the cell cycle clock via AP1-controlled Myc induction and p53 via peripheral clock-controlled ATM activation. Jet-lag promptly desynchronizes the central clock-SNS-peripheral clock axis, abolishes the peripheral clock-dependent ATM activation, and activates myc oncogenic potential, leading to tumor development in the same organ systems in wild-type and circadian gene-mutant mice. Conclusions/Significance: Tumor suppression in vivo is a clock-controlled physiological function. The central circadian clock paces extracellular mitogenic signals that drive peripheral clock-controlled expression of key cell cycle and tumor suppressor genes to generate a circadian rhythm in cell proliferation. Frequent disruption of circadian rhythm is an important tumor promoting factor. C1 [Lee, Susie; Fu, Loning] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, USDA,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Donehower, Lawrence A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol & Microbiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Donehower, Lawrence A.; Moore, David D.; Fu, Loning] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Herron, Alan J.] Baylor Coll Med, Ctr Comparat Med, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Donehower, Lawrence A.; Moore, David D.; Fu, Loning] Baylor Coll Med, Dan L Duncan Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, USDA,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM loningf@bcm.edu FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [CA107821-01A1]; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [CRIS 6250-51000-049, CRIS 6250-51000-055] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant CA107821-01A1, and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) grants CRIS 6250-51000-049 and CRIS 6250-51000-055 to L. F. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 83 TC 75 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 7 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 6 AR e10995 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0010995 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 606YU UT WOS:000278465900012 PM 20539819 ER PT J AU Chiou, BS Robertson, GH Rooff, LE Cao, T Jafri, H Gregorski, KS Imam, SH Glenn, GM Orts, WJ AF Chiou, Bor-Sen Robertson, George H. Rooff, LuAnn E. Cao, Trung Jafri, Haani Gregorski, Kay S. Imam, Syed H. Glenn, Greg M. Orts, William J. TI Water Absorbance and Thermal Properties of Sulfated Wheat Gluten Films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biomaterials; films; proteins ID ACID)/SODIUM HUMATE SUPERABSORBENT; PROTEIN-BASED HYDROGEL; SODIUM STARCH SULFATE; SWELLING BEHAVIOR; GRAFT-COPOLYMERIZATION; GLASS-TRANSITION; ACRYLIC-ACID; COMPOSITE; CELLULOSE; ACRYLONITRILE AB Wheat gluten films of various thicknesses formed at 30-70 degrees C were treated with cold sulfuric acid to produce sulfated gluten films. Chemical, thermal, thermal stability, and water uptake properties were characterized for neat and sulfated films. The sulfated gluten films were able to absorb up to 30 times their weight in deionized water. However, this value dropped to 3.5 when the film was soaked in a 0.9% (w/w) NaCl solution. The films were also soaked 4 times in deionized water, and each soaking resulted in a reduced water uptake capacity. The temperature of film formation had no effect on the final water uptake properties. Also, thinner films had higher concentrations of sulfate groups than thicker films; this resulted in higher water uptake values. In addition, sulfated gluten films had comparable glass-transition temperatures but lower thermal stabilities than the neat gluten films. (c) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, loci J Appl Polym Sci 116: 2638-2644, 2010 C1 [Chiou, Bor-Sen; Robertson, George H.; Cao, Trung; Jafri, Haani; Gregorski, Kay S.; Imam, Syed H.; Glenn, Greg M.; Orts, William J.] USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Rooff, LuAnn E.] Penford Corp, Centennial, CO 80112 USA. RP Chiou, BS (reprint author), USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bor-sen.chiou@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JUN 5 PY 2010 VL 116 IS 5 BP 2638 EP 2644 DI 10.1002/app.31778 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 581LU UT WOS:000276525400018 ER PT J AU Hse, CY Higuchi, M AF Hse, Chung-Yun Higuchi, Mitsuo TI Melamine-Bridged Alkyl Resorcinol Modified Urea-Formaldehyde Resin for Bonding Hardwood Plywood SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adhesives; ageing; catalysts; mixing; NMR AB A powdery product was obtained by the reaction of methylolated melamine with alkyl resorcinols to form melamine-bridged alkyl resorcinols (MARs). The effects of the addition of this powder on the bonding strength and formaldehyde emission of urea formaldehyde (UF) resins were investigated. Three types of UF resins with a formaldehyde/urea molar ratio of 1.3 synthesized by condensation at pH 1.0 (UF-1.0), pH 4.5 (UF-4.5), and pH 5.0 (UF-5.0) were fabricated. The addition of MAR to UF-4.5 and UF-5.0 for bonding hardwood plywood enhanced the bonding strength and reduced formaldehyde emission. For UF-1.0, the addition of MAR adversely affected the bonding strength. However, the UF-1.0 resin yielded the lowest formaldehyde emission of all of the UF resins in the study. The effects of the MAR addition were related to the molecular structures of the UF resins. UF-1.0 contained a large amount of free urea, a considerable number of urons, and a highly methylene-linked, ring-structured higher molecular weight fraction and had a smaller number of methylol groups. Therefore, the addition of MAR was considered to cause a shortage of the methylol groups, which in turn, led to incomplete resin curing. In contrast to UF-1.0, UF-5.0 contained a smaller amount of free urea and a linearly structured higher molecular weight fraction and had a larger number of methylol groups. In this case, MAR was considered to effectively react with the methylol groups to develop a three-dimensional crosslinked polymer network to enhance the bonding strength and suppress the generation of free formaldehyde to reduce formaldehyde emission. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc). J Appl Polym Sci 116: 2840-2845, 2010 C1 [Hse, Chung-Yun] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Higuchi, Mitsuo] Kyushu Univ, Fac Agr, Fukuoka, Kyushu 812, Japan. RP Hse, CY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM chse@fs.fed.us NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 24 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JUN 5 PY 2010 VL 116 IS 5 BP 2840 EP 2845 DI 10.1002/app.31766 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 581LU UT WOS:000276525400042 ER PT J AU Tai, SHS Niikura, M Cheng, HH Kruger, JM Wise, AG Maes, RK AF Tai, S. H. Sheldon Niikura, Masahiro Cheng, Hans H. Kruger, John M. Wise, Annabel G. Maes, Roger K. TI Complete genomic sequence and an infectious BAC clone of feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Feline herpesvirus; FHV-1; Genomic sequence; Infectious BAC clone ID BACTERIAL ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME; MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS; COMPLETE DNA-SEQUENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRANSPOSON MUTAGENESIS; VIRAL RHINOTRACHEITIS; HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; EQUINE HERPESVIRUS-1; PSEUDORABIES VIRUS; GLYCOPROTEINS GI AB Infection with feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) is a major cause of upper respiratory and ocular diseases in Felidae. We report the first complete genomic sequence of FHV-1, as well as the construction and characterization of a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone of FHV-1, which contains the entire FHV-1 genome and has the BAC vector inserted at the left end of U(L). Complete genomic sequences were derived from both the FHV-1 BAC clone and purified virion DNA. The FHV-1 genome is 135,797 bp in size with an overall G + C content of 45%. A total of 78 open reading frames were predicted, encoding 74 distinct proteins. The gene arrangement is collinear with that of most sequenced varicelloviruses. The virus regenerated from the BAC was very similar to the parental C-27 strain in vitro in terms of plaque morphology and growth characteristics and highly virulent in cats in a preliminary in vivo study. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wise, Annabel G.; Maes, Roger K.] Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Diagnost Ctr Populat & Anim Hlth, Lansing, MI 48910 USA. [Tai, S. H. Sheldon; Cheng, Hans H.; Kruger, John M.; Wise, Annabel G.; Maes, Roger K.] Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Grad Program Comparat Med & Integrat Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Niikura, Masahiro; Maes, Roger K.] Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Niikura, Masahiro; Cheng, Hans H.] ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Kruger, John M.] Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Maes, RK (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Diagnost Ctr Populat & Anim Hlth, 4125 Beaumont Rd, Lansing, MI 48910 USA. EM Maes@dcpah.msu.edu FU Companion Animal Fund; Center for Feline Health and Well-Being at Michigan State University's College of Veterinary Medicine FX This research was funded by the Companion Animal Fund and the Center for Feline Health and Well-Being at Michigan State University's College of Veterinary Medicine. We would like to thank Dr. Jeff Landgraf, Kevin Carr, Colleen Curry, and Shari Tjugum-Holland at the Research Technology Support Facility at Michigan State University, for nucleotide synthesis, pyrosequencing, and Newbler assembly, all of which were invaluable for the completion of this project. We would also like to thank Tom Goodwill and Laurie Molitor for their excellent technical assistance in Sanger sequencing, Dr. Henry Hunt for supply of materials used in the BAC cloning, Janice Forcier for assistance in the in vivo experiment, Crystal Passmore for assistance in the VN tests, Dr. Patricia Schenck for advice on statistical tests, and Dr. Vilma Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan for helpful discussions and critical reading of the manuscript. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUN 5 PY 2010 VL 401 IS 2 BP 215 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2010.02.021 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 593IL UT WOS:000277447000011 PM 20304455 ER PT J AU Espirito-Santo, FDB Keller, M Braswell, B Nelson, BW Frolking, S Vicente, G AF Espirito-Santo, F. D. B. Keller, M. Braswell, B. Nelson, B. W. Frolking, S. Vicente, G. TI Storm intensity and old-growth forest disturbances in the Amazon region SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BRAZILIAN AMAZON; GAP DISTURBANCES; LARGE BLOWDOWNS; IMPACT AB We analyzed the pattern of large forest disturbances or blow-downs apparently caused by severe storms in a mostly unmanaged portion of the Brazilian Amazon using 27 Landsat images and daily precipitation estimates from NOAA satellite data. For each Landsat a spectral mixture analysis (SMA) was applied. Based on SMA, we detected and mapped 279 patches (from 5 ha to 2,223 ha) characteristic of blow-downs. A total of 21,931 ha of forest were disturbed. We found a strong correlation between occurrence of blow-downs and frequency of heavy rainfall (Spearman's rank, r(2) = 0.84, p < 0.0003). The recurrence intervals of large disturbances were estimated to be 90,000 yr for the eastern Amazon and 27,000 yr for the western Amazon. This suggests that weather patterns affect the frequency of large forest disturbances that may produce different rates of forest turnover in the eastern and western Amazon basin. Citation: Esp rito-Santo, F. D. B., M. Keller, B. Braswell, B. W. Nelson, S. Frolking, and G. Vicente (2010), Storm intensity and old-growth forest disturbances in the Amazon region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L11403, doi:10.1029/2010GL043146. C1 [Espirito-Santo, F. D. B.; Keller, M.; Braswell, B.; Frolking, S.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Keller, M.] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR USA. [Keller, M.] NEON Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Braswell, B.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [Nelson, B. W.] Natl Inst Res Amazon, BR-69060001 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Vicente, G.] NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Espirito-Santo, FDB (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, 8 Coll Rd,Room 481, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM f.delbon@gmail.com RI Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Espirito-Santo, Fernando/O-4371-2014; Braswell, Bobby/D-6411-2016 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Espirito-Santo, Fernando/0000-0001-7497-3639; Braswell, Bobby/0000-0002-4061-9516 FU NASA Earth System Science Fellowship (NESSF) [NNX07AN84N]; NASA FX This research was supported by the NASA Earth System Science Fellowship (NESSF) (grant NNX07AN84N) and the NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program contribution to the Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in the Amazon (LBA). NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 4 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L11403 DI 10.1029/2010GL043146 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 606UF UT WOS:000278453100002 ER PT J AU Sikulu, M Killeen, GF Hugo, LE Ryan, PA Dowell, KM Wirtz, RA Moore, SJ Dowell, FE AF Sikulu, Maggy Killeen, Gerry F. Hugo, Leon E. Ryan, Peter A. Dowell, Kayla M. Wirtz, Robert A. Moore, Sarah J. Dowell, Floyd E. TI Near-infrared spectroscopy as a complementary age grading and species identification tool for African malaria vectors SO PARASITES & VECTORS LA English DT Article ID ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; TRANSMISSION; MOSQUITOS; TANZANIA; INSECTS; COMPLEX AB Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was recently applied to age-grade and differentiate laboratory reared Anopheles gambiae sensu strico and Anopheles arabiensis sibling species of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato complex. In this study, we report further on the accuracy of this tool for simultaneously estimating the age class and differentiating the morphologically indistinguishable An. gambiae s.s. and An. arabiensis from semi-field releases and wild populations. Nine different ages (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16 d) of An. arabiensis and eight different ages (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 d) of An. gambiae s.s. maintained in 250 x 60 x 40 cm cages within a semi-field large-cage system and 105 wild-caught female An. gambiae s.l., were included in this study. NIRS classified female An. arabiensis and An. gambiae s.s. maintained in semi-field cages as <7 d old or >= 7 d old with 89% (n = 377) and 78% (n = 327) accuracy, respectively, and differentiated them with 89% (n = 704) accuracy. Wild caught An. gambiae s.l. were identified with 90% accuracy (n = 105) whereas their predicted ages were consistent with the expected mean chronological ages of the physiological age categories determined by dissections. These findings have importance for monitoring control programmes where reduction in the proportion of older mosquitoes that have the ability to transmit malaria is an important outcome. C1 [Sikulu, Maggy; Ryan, Peter A.] Joint Program Griffith Univ, Griffith Med Res Coll, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia. [Sikulu, Maggy] Queensland Inst Med Res, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia. [Killeen, Gerry F.] Liverpool Sch Trop Med & Hyg, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. [Moore, Sarah J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dowell, Floyd E.] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Sikulu, M (reprint author), Joint Program Griffith Univ, Griffith Med Res Coll, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia. EM maggysikulu@yahoo.com FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [51431, 45114]; Research Career Development Fellowship [076806]; Wellcome Trust; IAEA fellowship FX We thank the insectary staff at IHI; Paulina Kasanga, and Ally Daraja for rearing mosquitoes and Hassan Mtambala, Peter Pazia, Daniel Lugiko, Nuru Nchimbi and Japheth Kihonda for their technical assistance. We thank residents of Njage village for allowing us to trap mosquitoes in their houses. We acknowledge the Griffith Medical Research College and the Science, Engineering, Environment and Technology group, Griffith University, for providing a PhD scholarship to MS. This study was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (awards 51431 and 45114) as well as a Research Career Development Fellowship (076806) provided to GFK by the Wellcome Trust and IAEA fellowship funding provided to FED. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1756-3305 J9 PARASITE VECTOR JI Parasites Vectors PD JUN 4 PY 2010 VL 3 AR 49 DI 10.1186/1756-3305-3-49 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 630MY UT WOS:000280278700001 PM 20525305 ER PT J AU Borejsza-Wysocka, E Norelli, JL Aldwinckle, HS Malnoy, M AF Borejsza-Wysocka, Ewa Norelli, John L. Aldwinckle, Herb S. Malnoy, Mickael TI Stable expression and phenotypic impact of attacin E transgene in orchard grown apple trees over a 12 year period SO BMC BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; HYALOPHORA-CECROPIA; ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OUTER-MEMBRANE; FIRE BLIGHT; PLANTS; RESISTANCE; FRUIT AB Background: Transgenic trees currently are being produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and biolistics. The future use of transformed trees on a commercial basis depends upon thorough evaluation of the potential environmental and public health risk of the modified plants, transgene stability over a prolonged period of time and the effect of the gene on tree and fruit characteristics. We studied the stability of expression and the effect on resistance to the fire blight disease of the lytic protein gene, attacin E, in the apple cultivar 'Galaxy' grown in the field for 12 years. Results: Using Southern and western blot analysis, we compared transgene copy number and observed stability of expression of this gene in the leaves and fruit in several transformed lines during a 12 year period. No silenced transgenic plant was detected. Also the expression of this gene resulted in an increase in resistance to fire blight throughout 12 years of orchard trial and did not affect fruit shape, size, acidity, firmness, weight or sugar level, tree morphology, leaf shape or flower morphology or color compared to the control. Conclusion: Overall, these results suggest that transgene expression in perennial species, such as fruit trees, remains stable in time and space, over extended periods and in different organs. This report shows that it is possible to improve a desirable trait in apple, such as the resistance to a pathogen, through genetic engineering, without adverse alteration of fruit characteristics and tree shape. C1 [Borejsza-Wysocka, Ewa; Aldwinckle, Herb S.; Malnoy, Mickael] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Norelli, John L.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Malnoy, M (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM mickael.malnoy@iasma.it RI malnoy, mickael/C-5007-2012 FU New York Apple Research and Development Program; USDA-CSREES FX We gratefully acknowledge M.J. Abbott, S. A. Kuehne and H. L. Gustafson for excellent technical assistance. The authors wish to thank Peggy Abbott for excellent critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by New York apple growers through a grant from the New York Apple Research and Development Program to H. A., and by a special grant from USDA-CSREES to H. A. NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 17 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6750 J9 BMC BIOTECHNOL JI BMC Biotechnol. PD JUN 3 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 41 DI 10.1186/1472-6750-10-41 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 631NJ UT WOS:000280353900001 PM 20525262 ER PT J AU Balkcom, KS Price, AJ Van Santen, E Delaney, DP Boykin, DL Arriaga, FJ Bergtold, JS Kornecki, TS Raper, RL AF Balkcom, Kipling S. Price, Andrew J. Van Santen, Edzard Delaney, Dennis P. Boykin, Deborah L. Arriaga, Francisco J. Bergtold, Jason S. Kornecki, Ted S. Raper, Randy L. TI Row spacing, tillage system, and herbicide technology affects cotton plant growth and yield SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Coastal Plain soil; Ultra-narrow row cotton ID GLYPHOSATE-RESISTANT CROPS; ULTRA-NARROW; CROPPING SYSTEMS; WEED-CONTROL; NITROGEN; PLACEMENT; DENSITY; SOIL AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) producers are faced with numerous production choices including cotton varieties, herbicide technology, tillage systems, and row spacing. A study was conducted to compare cotton production across conventional, glyphosate-tolerant, and glufosinate-tolerant varieties in both conventional and conservation tillage systems for standard row (102 cm) and narrow row (38 cm) cotton planting patterns. The experiment was conducted during the 2004-2006 growing seasons at the Field Crops Unit, E.V. Smith Research Center, near Shorter, AL in long-term tillage plots. Data collection included plant populations within row spacings, plant biomass and height at 1st square, mid-bloom, and lint yields. Plant biomass measured at 1st square and mid-bloom was affected by growing season with 38 cm cotton plant biomass averaging 34% greater in 2004 and 2005, however, the effect of tillage system was contradictory within the growing season. Mid-bloom plant biomass also varied across growing seasons with 21% more plant biomass recorded in 38 cm rows averaged across all three growing seasons. Plant heights were shorter for 38 cm cotton compared to 102 cm cotton, regardless of growth stage or tillage system. No differences in cotton development were observed across varieties. Cotton planted in 38 cm rows yielded equivalent to 102 cm cotton during two of the three experimental years and was superior to 102 cm cotton the remaining year, which corresponded to the best growing season observed during the experimental period. These results indicate that 38 cm cotton production can produce yields that are at least equivalent to standard 102 cm cotton, despite differences in plant development. The productivity of a narrow row cotton production system may be attractive to some growers, but economic evaluations are required to determine if the system is profitable on a large scale based on equivalent or marginal lint yield increases. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Balkcom, Kipling S.; Price, Andrew J.; Arriaga, Francisco J.; Kornecki, Ted S.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Van Santen, Edzard; Delaney, Dennis P.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Boykin, Deborah L.] USDA ARS, Jamie Whitten Delta States Res Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Bergtold, Jason S.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Raper, Randy L.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Balkcom, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM kip.balkcom@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JUN 3 PY 2010 VL 117 IS 2-3 BP 219 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2010.03.003 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 604US UT WOS:000278304600006 ER PT J AU Yanagi, T Hummer, KE Iwata, T Sone, K Nathewet, P Takamura, T AF Yanagi, Tomohiro Hummer, Kim E. Iwata, Takashi Sone, Kazuyoshi Nathewet, Preeda Takamura, Takejiro TI Aneuploid strawberry (2n=8x+2=58) was developed from homozygous unreduced gamete (8x) produced by second division restitution in pollen SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE CAPS; Chromosome; Flow cytometry; Fragaria x ananassa; F. vesca; Second division restitution ID ANANASSA DUCH. CULTIVARS; NUCLEAR-DNA CONTENT; FRAGARIA-POLYPLOIDS; CALLUS-CULTURES; CAPS MARKERS; PLANTS; IDENTIFICATION; ORIGIN; IMPROVEMENT; POTATO AB Unreduced gamete formation is significant in the evolutionary development of complex polyploidy series found in wild strawberry, genus Fragaria (Rosaceae). Also, it is important for genetics and breeding in strawberry plants to elucidate the mechanism of unreduced gamete formation. The objective of this study was to search for ploidy anomalies resulting from artificial diploid x octoploid crosses, and examine the mechanism through which these unreduced gametes were produced. Five everbearing cultivars of Fragaria vesca L. diploid (2n = 2x = 14) were crossed with pollen from six June-bearing cultivars of Fragaria x ananassa Duch., octoploid (2n = 8x = 56). A total of 3000 mature seeds, 100 from each of the 30 parental combinations were sown at 23 degrees C/20 degrees C (day/night) under artificial lighting with a 16 h day. The seedlings were transplanted to pots and grown in a greenhouse. Reproductive and morphological observations, flow cytometry analyses, chromosome counts and DNA analyses using CAPS markers were performed to identify the genetic background of the offspring. Most of the seed (79%) did not germinate or died soon after germination. Of the seedlings produced, 7% seemed to be pure F. vesca based on morphological characteristics, flow cytometry analyses and chromosome counts: 14% were pentaploids (2n = 5x = 35), 0.1% were hexaploids (2n = 6x = 42), and 0.03% (one individual) was aneuploid (2n = 8x + 2 = 58). Electrophoresis banding patterns obtained by CAPS marker analysis were heterozygotic in the 8x pollen parent but homozygotic in the aneuploid progeny. judging from the chromosome counts and the CAPS marker analysis, the aneuploid was the result of a homozygous unreduced pollen grain (8x) crossed with an incomplete chromosome compliment from the egg. Because of the homozygosity, the unreduced male gamete must have been derived from second division restitution (SDR) in the octoploid pollen parent. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yanagi, Tomohiro; Iwata, Takashi; Nathewet, Preeda; Takamura, Takejiro] Kagawa Univ, Fac Agr, Miki, Kagawa 7610795, Japan. [Hummer, Kim E.] ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Sone, Kazuyoshi] Natl Agr Res Ctr Kyushu Okinawa Reg, Kurume Branch, Fukuoka 8398503, Japan. RP Yanagi, T (reprint author), Kagawa Univ, Fac Agr, Ikenobe 2393, Miki, Kagawa 7610795, Japan. EM yanagi@ag.kagawa-u.ac.jp NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD JUN 3 PY 2010 VL 125 IS 2 BP 123 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2010.03.015 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 608JL UT WOS:000278579800009 ER PT J AU Sakhanokho, HF Rajasekaran, K AF Sakhanokho, Hamidou F. Rajasekaran, Kanniah TI Pollen biology of ornamental ginger (Hedychium spp. J. Koenig) SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE Hedychium; Pollen germination and tube growth; Pollen viability; Polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000); Pollen nuclear status; Pollen:ovule ratio ID TRINUCLEATE POLLEN; POLLINATION BIOLOGY; OVULE RATIOS; ZINGIBERACEAE; GERMINATION; CALLITRICHACEAE; MORPHOLOGY; ULTRASTRUCTURE; EVOLUTION; GROWTH AB An improved in vitro pollen germination assay was developed to assess the viability of stored Hedychium pollen. The effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) (10, 15, and 20%, w/v) on pollen germination and tube growth was evaluated for Hedychium longicornutum and two commercial Hedychium cultivars, 'Orange Brush' and 'Filigree'. Overall, the inclusion of PEG 4000 in the medium improved both pollen germination and tube growth for the three different genotypes tested and the results varied depending on genotype. In vitro germination was used to assess the viability of Hedychium pollen stored up to two months. Pollen nucleus status was determined for four Hedychium cultivars, 'Orange Brush', 'Anne Bishop', 'Filigree', and 'Daniel Weeks'. Pollens of 'Orange Brush', 'Anne Bishop', and 'Daniel Weeks' were found to be binucleate but 'Filigree' was shown to possess both binucleate and trinucleate pollens. High pollen:ovule ratio values were obtained in several Hedychium taxa. The results obtained on the nuclear pollen status and pollen:ovule ratios will further our understanding of the pollination biology and help clarify the taxonomy and phylogeny of Hedychium species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sakhanokho, Hamidou F.] ARS, USDA, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Rajasekaran, Kanniah] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Sakhanokho, HF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Hort Lab, 810 Hwy 26 W, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM rsakhanokh@aol.com NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD JUN 3 PY 2010 VL 125 IS 2 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2009.12.037 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 608JL UT WOS:000278579800010 ER PT J AU Tao, YA Wang, LY Roh, MS AF Tao Yuan Wang, Lian Yin Roh, Mark S. TI Confirmation of Clematis hybrids using molecular markers SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE Clematis brevicaudata; Clematis tubulosa; Interspecific hybrids; Morphological character; Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA; Single nucleotide polymorphisms; STRUCTURE; Scanning electron microscopy ID INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS; RAPD ANALYSIS; DNA; REPRODUCIBILITY; POLYMORPHISMS; LABORATORIES; CHLOROPLAST AB The hybrid origin of progeny from crosses of Clematis tubulosa and Clematis brevicaudata was investigated using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from sequence analysis of chloroplast rbcL, accD genes, and the C. brevicaudata matK gene. Plants collected from three and four populations of C. brevicaudata (C. brev) and C tubulosa (C. tubu), respectively, from Mt. Songshan, Beijing, China were used as parents for hybridization. Morphological characters of pollen, seeds, and leaves were recorded in 2007. DNA from leaf samples of both parents and of C. brev x C. tubu and C. tubu x C. brev were extracted, and used for RAPD and SNPs from sequence data. A dendrogram was constructed by the branching neighbor-joining (IB-NJ) method. Proportionate population scores were generated by the admixture model using the STRUCTURE software. Based on morphological characters. C. brevicaudata was quite uniform. However, variations were detected in C. tubulosa. Hybrids of C. brev x C. tubu and C. tubu x C. brev showed intermediate morphological characters of the parents. Accessions of C. tubu x C. brev were clustered into 2 groups, with the majority of hybrids belonging to group IV b in the RAPD dendrogram, suggesting that this resulted from variations within C. tubulosa. In general, the hybrid origin of all progeny characterized by morphological characters was supported by the RAPD and SNPs data. These results indicate that RAPD results supported by SNPs data will be useful tool to verify hybrids. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Roh, Mark S.] ARS, USDA, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Tao Yuan; Wang, Lian Yin] Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Landscape Architecture, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. RP Roh, MS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Mark.Roh@ars.usda.gov FU China Scholarship Council, Beijing, PR China [[2006]3036] FX This research was carried out at USDA, ARS, US National Arboretum, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit by T. Yuan. Financial support to T. Yuan from the China Scholarship Council ([2006]3036), Beijing, PR China is greatly appreciated. The authors thank H.-J. Hao, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Electron Microscope Laboratory for the technical support in SEM observation and Beijing Forestry Association for assistance in the nursery work. Assistance by I.K. Choi for data analysis is greatly appreciated. Comments from Dr. Roger Lawson to improve the readability of the manuscript are greatly appreciated. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD JUN 3 PY 2010 VL 125 IS 2 BP 136 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2010.03.005 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 608JL UT WOS:000278579800011 ER PT J AU Estell, RE Utsumi, SA Cibils, AF AF Estell, R. E. Utsumi, S. A. Cibils, A. F. TI Measurement of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in serum, plasma, and rumen fluid from sheep SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasma; Recovery; Rumen fluid; Serum; Shrub; Terpene ID IN-VITRO; FERMENTATION; DEGRADATION AB Studies involving the consumption, metabolism, and elimination of terpenes by small ruminants consuming terpene-laden shrubs as well as those exploring the potential for natural products as rumen modifiers could benefit from a procedure that measures terpenes in both blood and rumen fluid and that is suitable for either serum or plasma. The objective of this study was to modify an existing procedure for plasma utilizing solid phase extraction/gas chromatography, and extend its use for measurement of structurally diverse mono- and sesquiterpenes in three fluids (serum, plasma, and rumen fluid) from sheep. Generally, terpene recovery was lower from rumen fluid than from serum or plasma, although the extent and direction of differences varied among chemicals. Fourteen terpenes (camphene, beta-pinene, alpha-terpinene, p-cymene, cis-beta-ocimene, 1,8-cineole, gamma-terpinene, terpinolene, linalool, camphor, longifolene, beta-caryophyllene, alpha-humulene, and caryophyllene oxide) were recovered from serum at near unity. Recovery from rumen fluid was lower than that for serum or plasma for most terpenes, but eight (p-cymene, 1,8-cineole, cis-sabinene hydrate, terpinolene, borneol, terpin-4-ol, alpha-terpineol, and caryophyllene oxide) were recovered at near unity. Yet, 15 terpene recoveries were below 0.75 ng/ng (tricyclene, alpha-pinene, camphene, sabinene, beta-pinene, myrcene, 2-carene, 3-carene, alpha-terpinene, cis-beta-ocimene, limonene, gamma-terpinene, longifolene, beta-caryophyllene, and alpha-humulene). Oxygenated monoterpenes were typically recovered in greater quantities and hydrocarbon monoterpenes were least effectively recovered with this method. This procedure allows for simultaneous measurement and recovery adjustment of a number of terpenes from serum, plasma, and rumen fluid of sheep. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Estell, R. E.] ARS, USDA, Las Cruces, NM USA. [Utsumi, S. A.; Cibils, A. F.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Estell, RE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Las Cruces, NM USA. EM restell@nmsu.edu NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD JUN 2 PY 2010 VL 158 IS 1-2 BP 104 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.03.011 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 609WX UT WOS:000278690100011 ER PT J AU Matyas, B Cronquist, A Cartter, M Tobin-D'Angelo, M Blythe, D Smith, K Lathrop, S Morse, D Cieslak, P Dunn, J Holt, KG Henao, OL Fullerton, KE Mahon, BE Hoekstra, RM Griffin, PM Tauxe, RV Bhattarai, A AF Matyas, B. Cronquist, A. Cartter, M. Tobin-D'Angelo, M. Blythe, D. Smith, K. Lathrop, S. Morse, D. Cieslak, P. Dunn, J. Holt, K. G. Henao, O. L. Fullerton, K. E. Mahon, B. E. Hoekstra, R. M. Griffin, P. M. Tauxe, R. V. Bhattarai, Achuyt TI Preliminary FoodNet Data on the Incidence of Infection With Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food-10 States, 2009 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 59, pg 418-422, 2010) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; UNITED-STATES C1 [Cartter, M.] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth & Addict Serv, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. [Blythe, D.] Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Smith, K.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. [Morse, D.] New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. [Holt, K. G.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Svc, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. [Bhattarai, Achuyt] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Bhattarai, Achuyt/B-8760-2008 OI Bhattarai, Achuyt/0000-0002-0514-4850 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 2 PY 2010 VL 303 IS 21 BP 2130 EP 2132 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 603BE UT WOS:000278182100009 ER PT J AU Li, YC Schulz, J Mannen, S Delhom, C Condon, B Chang, S Zammarano, M Grunlan, JC AF Li, Yu-Chin Schulz, Jessica Mannen, Sarah Delhom, Chris Condon, Brian Chang, SeChin Zammarano, Mauro Grunlan, Jaime C. TI Flame Retardant Behavior of Polyelectrolyte-Clay Thin Film Assemblies on Cotton Fabric SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE layer-by-layer assembly; clay; nanocomposites; vertical flame test; flame retardant; cotton fabric ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; LAYER; MULTILAYERS; COMBUSTION; RESINS; FUNCTIONALIZATION; CONSTRUCTION; FLAMMABILITY AB Cotton fabric was treated with flame-retardant coatings composed of branched polyethyenimine (BPEI) and sodium montmorillonite (MMT) clay, prepared via layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. Four coating recipes were created by exposing fabric to aqueous solutions of BPEI (pH 7 or 10) and MMT (0.2 or 1 wt %). BPEI pH 10 produces the thickest films, while 1 wt % MMT gives the highest clay loading. Each coating recipe was evaluated at Sand 20 bilayers. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that coated fabrics left as much as 13% char after heating to 500 degrees C, nearly 2 orders of magnitude more than uncoated fabric, with less than 4 wt % coming from the coating itself. These coatings also reduced afterglow time in vertical flame tests. Postburn residues of coated fabrics were examined with SEM and revealed that the weave structure and fiber shape in all coated fabrics were preserved. The BPEI pH 7/1 wt % MMT recipe was most effective. Microcombustion calorimeter testing showed that all coated fabrics reduced the total heat release and heat release capacity of the fabric. Fiber count and strength of uncoated and coated fabric are similar. These results demonstrate that LbL assembly is a relatively simple method for imparting flame-retardant behavior to cotton fabric. This work lays the foundation for using these types of thin film assemblies to make a variety of complex substrates (foam, fabrics, etc.) flame resistant. C1 [Li, Yu-Chin; Schulz, Jessica; Mannen, Sarah; Grunlan, Jaime C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Mat Sci & Engn Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Delhom, Chris; Condon, Brian; Chang, SeChin] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Zammarano, Mauro] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Sci Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Grunlan, JC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Mat Sci & Engn Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jgrunlan@tamu.edu RI Li, Yu-Chin/I-6876-2012; Grunlan, Jaime/K-3242-2016; OI Grunlan, Jaime/0000-0001-5241-9741; Zammarano, Mauro/0000-0002-5145-7110 FU Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for financial support of this work. The authors also thank Dr. Y. S. Kim for assistance with SEM imaging. NR 59 TC 150 Z9 154 U1 28 U2 179 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JUN PY 2010 VL 4 IS 6 BP 3325 EP 3337 DI 10.1021/nn100467e PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 612HU UT WOS:000278888600049 PM 20496883 ER PT J AU Li, LN Cheng, NH Hirschi, KD Wang, XQ AF Li, Lenong Cheng, Ninghui Hirschi, Kendal D. Wang, Xiaoqiang TI Structure of Arabidopsis chloroplastic monothiol glutaredoxin AtGRXcp SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI GLUTAREDOXIN-2; IRON-SULFUR CLUSTER; ACTIVE-SITE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; MOLECULAR GRAPHICS; GLUTATHIONE; PROTEINS; YEAST; DELIVERY AB Monothiol glutaredoxins (Grxs) play important roles in maintaining redox homeostasis in living cells and are conserved across species. Arabidopsis thaliana monothiol glutaredoxin AtGRXcp is critical for protection from oxidative stress in chloroplasts. The crystal structure of AtGRXcp has been determined at 2.4 angstrom resolution. AtGRXcp has a glutaredoxin/thioredoxin-like fold with distinct structural features that differ from those of dithiol Grxs. The structure reveals that the putative active-site motif CGFS is well defined and is located on the molecular surface and that a long groove extends to both sides of the catalytic Cys97. Structural comparison and molecular modeling suggest that glutathione can bind in this groove and form extensive interactions with conserved charged residues including Lys89, Arg126 and Asp152. Further comparative studies reveal that a unique loop with five additional residues adjacent to the active-site motif may be a key structural feature of monothiol Grxs and may influence their function. This study provides the first structural information on plant CGFS-type monothiol Grxs, allowing a better understanding of the redox-regulation mechanism mediated by these plant Grxs. C1 [Cheng, Ninghui; Hirschi, Kendal D.] Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Li, Lenong; Wang, Xiaoqiang] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. RP Cheng, NH (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM ncheng@bcm.edu; xwang@noble.org FU Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation; United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service [6250-51000-048-02S] FX We thank Drs R. Nelson, P. Xu and Q. Chang for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by the Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation and the United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service under Cooperation Agreement 6250-51000-048-02S. NR 44 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1399-0047 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 66 BP 725 EP 732 DI 10.1107/S0907444910013119 PN 6 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 597YL UT WOS:000277798400009 PM 20516625 ER PT J AU Dungan, RS Leytem, AB Bjorneberg, DB AF Dungan, Robert S. Leytem, April B. Bjorneberg, David B. TI Year-long assessment of airborne endotoxin at a concentrated dairy operation SO AEROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Bioaerosol; CAFOs; Dairy; Endotoxin; Gram-negative bacteria; Lipopolysaccharide ID EXPOSURE-RESPONSE; DUST; MICROORGANISMS; INDUSTRY; DISEASE; HOUSES; AIR AB In this study, we monitored total airborne endotoxins at upwind and downwind sites at a large open-lot dairy each month for a year. At the upwind site, the average airborne concentration was 28.5 endotoxin units (EU) m(-3), while at the downwind edge of the lot and 200 m from the lot edge, the average concentrations were 169 and 72 EU m(-3), respectively. At the downwind edge of the lot, there was a significant correlation between the airborne endotoxin concentration and wind speed or air temperature. A comparison between total and inhalable airborne endotoxin concentrations, near the end of the study, revealed no significant differences between the two endotoxin collection methods. Our data suggest that endotoxin exposure can be reduced as one increases their distance from the open-lot dairy. C1 [Dungan, Robert S.; Leytem, April B.; Bjorneberg, David B.] ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Dungan, RS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 North,3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM robert.dungan@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0393-5965 J9 AEROBIOLOGIA JI Aerobiologia PD JUN PY 2010 VL 26 IS 2 BP 141 EP 148 DI 10.1007/s10453-009-9151-5 PG 8 WC Biology; Environmental Sciences SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 591WN UT WOS:000277336000007 ER PT J AU Dong, DS Kaiser, HM AF Dong, Diansheng Kaiser, Harry M. TI Investigating Household Food Interpurchase Behavior Through Market Segmentation SO AGRIBUSINESS LA English DT Article ID PURCHASE TIMING DECISIONS; QUALITY; CHEESE; MODELS; CHOICE AB In this study, a market segmentation approach is developed and applied to analyze U.S. households' cheese purchases. The segmentation is based on household interpurchase time, or the hazard rate of purchases. In this study, four segments have been discovered in the U.S. market for household cheese purchases. Two of the segments jointly represent about 40% of all cheese-purchasing households and arc characterized as frequent buyers with an average interpurchase time of 2 weeks. These frequent-purchase households are larger in size, have greater incomes, have a smaller proportion of African Americans, and are insensitive to coupons. They are often described in the marketing literature as loyal customers. In contrast, the other two segments, which jointly represent about 60% of the households, are characterized by infrequent buyers with an average interpurchase time of 6 weeks. These infrequent-purchase households are smaller in size, have less income, have a higher proportion of African Americans, and are sensitive to coupons. Marketing promotions typically target the infrequent-purchase households. [EconLit citations: D12, C51, C411. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Dong, Diansheng] USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Kaiser, Harry M.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Dong, DS (reprint author), USDA, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM DDONG@ers.usda.gov; hmk2@cornell.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0742-4477 EI 1520-6297 J9 AGRIBUSINESS JI Agribusiness PD SUM PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 BP 389 EP 404 DI 10.1002/agr.20230 PG 16 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology GA 632QV UT WOS:000280443000004 ER PT J AU Smith, TE Grattan, SR Grieve, CM Poss, JA Suarez, DL AF Smith, T. E. Grattan, S. R. Grieve, C. M. Poss, J. A. Suarez, D. L. TI Salinity's influence on boron toxicity in broccoli: I. Impacts on yield, biomass distribution, and water use SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Combined stressors; Salinity; Water reuse ID EXCESS BORON; MINERAL-COMPOSITION; ION UPTAKE; GROWTH; STRESS; WHEAT; IRRIGATION; SOILS; MODEL; SALT AB Research addressing the interactive effects of the dual plant stress factors, excess boron and salinity, on crop productivity has expanded considerably over the past few years. The purpose of this research was to determine and quantify the interactive effects of salinity, salt composition and boron (B) on broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) fresh head yield, biomass distribution and consumptive water use. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using a sand-tank system in which salinity-B treatment solutions were supplemented with a complete nutrient solution. Chloride-dominated salinity and salinity characteristic of California's San Joaquin valley (SJV), or sulfate-dominated, were tested at ECw levels of 2, 12 and 19 dS m(-1). Each salinity treatment consisted of boron treatments of 0.5, 12 and 24 mg L(-1). Plant head yield and shoot biomass were significantly reduced by both salinity and boron. Moreover, there was a significant salinity-boron interaction where increased boron was relatively less detrimental under saline conditions. These results occurred regardless of the salt solution composition (chloride or SJV). We found that an 'interactive model' better described our growth response than did a 'single stressor yield model'. Salinity and boron also affected the distribution of shoot biomass. Regardless of salt type, as salinity increased, the fraction of biomass as leaf tissue increased while the biomass fraction as stems and particularly heads, decreased. However, an increase in B at low or high salinity with the SJV composition, decreased the head biomass fraction. This was not observed at moderate salinity, nor on any plants treated with Cl-dominated salinity. Cumulative evapotranspiration (ET) was also reduced by increased salinity but water use efficiency (WUE) was not. WUE was reduced by increased boron, but only at the low and high salinity levels. Published by Elsevier B.V.. C1 [Grieve, C. M.] ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Water Reuse & Remediat Unit, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Smith, T. E.; Grattan, S. R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Grieve, CM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Water Reuse & Remediat Unit, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM catherine.grieve@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 97 IS 6 BP 777 EP 782 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2010.01.014 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 583TQ UT WOS:000276703200001 ER PT J AU Smith, TE Grattan, SR Grieve, CM Poss, JA Suarez, DL AF Smith, T. E. Grattan, S. R. Grieve, C. M. Poss, J. A. Suarez, D. L. TI Salinity's influence on boron toxicity in broccoli: II. Impacts on boron uptake, uptake mechanisms and tissue ion relations SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Active uptake; Combined stressors; Mineral ion interactions; Oxygen isotopes; Passive uptake; Transpiration ID MINERAL-COMPOSITION; HIGHER-PLANTS; EXCESS BORON; GROWTH; WHEAT; YIELD; TOLERANCE; STRESS; SOILS; TRANSLOCATION AB Limited research has been conducted on the interactive effects of salinity and boron stresses on plants despite their common occurrence in natural systems. The purpose of this research was to determine and quantify the interactive effects of salinity, salt composition and boron on broccoli (Brassica oleracea L) performance, particularly, element accumulation, ion interactions and boron uptake processes. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using a sand tank system where salinity-B treatment solutions were supplemented with a complete nutrient solution. Chloride-dominated salinity and salinity characteristic of California's San Joaquin valley (SJV), or sulfate-dominated, were tested at ECw (electrical conductivity of the irrigation water) levels of 2, 12 and 19 dS m(-1). Each salinity treatment consisted of boron treatments of 0.5, 12 and 24 mg L-1. Salinity, regardless of salt composition, reduced shoot boron concentration at very high boron concentration (24 mg L-1). However, increased salinity increased shoot boron concentration when external boron concentration was low (0.5 mg L-1). Tissue Ca, Mg, Na, K, S and Cl concentrations were also affected by salinity level, chloride or sulfate salinity composition, and in some cases by substrate boron concentration. Calcium concentrations in shoots were greater for chloride-treated salinity as compared to SJV salinity-treated plants; magnesium concentrations trended opposite and were greater in those treated with SJV salinity. Chloride and sodium shoot concentrations both increased with salinity. Shoot chloride was greater with chloride substrate salinity and shoot sodium was greater with SJV substrate salinity. Using stable isotope analysis of solutions to separate transpiration from evapotranspiration (ET), we found that boron uptake and accumulation in the shoot was not simply the product of mass flow (solution concentration x cumulative transpiration), and the vast majority of the water lost from the tank system was by transpiration (>90%) regardless of treatment. Under low substrate boron, the levels of boron in broccoli shoots could be not accounted for by simple passive uptake and transport in the transpiration stream, which suggests that some energy-dependent process was also occurring. However, under high boron treatments, broccoli plants exhibited a mechanism that restricted boron uptake, transport and accumulation in the shoot. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Grieve, C. M.] ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Water Reuse & Remediat Unit, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Smith, T. E.; Grattan, S. R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Grieve, CM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Water Reuse & Remediat Unit, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM catherine.grieve@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 97 IS 6 BP 783 EP 791 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2010.01.015 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 583TQ UT WOS:000276703200002 ER PT J AU Truman, CC Nuti, RC AF Truman, C. C. Nuti, R. C. TI Furrow diking in conservation tillage SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Infiltration; Runoff; Water savings; Plant available water; Soil loss ID SIMULATED RAINFALL; WATER CONSERVATION; CROP YIELDS; MANAGEMENT; INTENSITY; SEDIMENT; RUNOFF; COTTON; SOIL; EROSION AB Crop production in the Southeastern U.S. can be limited by water; thus, supplemental irrigation is needed to sustain profitable crop production. Increased water capture would efficiently improve water use and reduce supplemental irrigation amounts/costs, thus improving producer's profit margin. We quantified infiltration (INF), runoff (R), and sediment (E) losses from furrow diked (+DT) and non-furrow diked (-DT) tilled conventional (CT) and strip tillage (ST) systems. In 2008, a field study (Tifton loamy sand, Typic Kandiudult) was established with DT, ST, and CT systems. In 2009, a field study (Faceville loamy sand, Typic Kandiudult) was established with DT and ST systems. Treatments (6) included: CT - DT, CT + DT, ST(1) (1-year old) - DT, ST(1) + DT, ST(10) (10-year old) - DT, and ST(10) + DT. Simulated rainfall (50 mm h(-1) for 1 h) was applied to each 2-m x 3-m plots (n = 3). Runoff and E were measured from each 6-m(2) plot. ST(1) + DT plots had 80-88% less R than ST(1) - DT plots. Any disturbance associated with DT in ST(1) systems did not negatively impact E values. For both soils, CT - DT plots represented the worst-case scenario in terms of measured R and E; ST + DT plots represented the best-case scenario. Trends for R, E, and estimated plant available water (PAW) values decreased in order of CT - DT, CT + DT, ST(1) - DT, ST(1) + DT, ST(10) - DT, and ST(10) + DT treatments. From a hydrology standpoint, ST(1) - DT plots behaved more similarly to CT plots than to other ST plots; from a sediment standpoint, ST(1) - DT plots behaved more similarly to other ST plots than to CT plots. DT had no effect on ST(10) plots. CT - DT and ST(10) + DT plots resulted in 5.9 (worst-case) and 8.1 (best-case) days of water for crop use, a difference of 2.2 days of water for crop use or 37%. Compared to the CT - DT treatment, an agricultural field managed to CT + DT, ST(1) - DT, ST(1) + DT, ST(10) - DT, and ST(10) + DT would save a producer farming the CT - DT field $5.30, $9.42, $13.55, $14.14, and $14.14 ha(-1), respectively, to pump the amount of water lost to R and not saved as INF back onto the field. The most water/cost savings occurred for CT and ST(1) plots as a result of DT. Savings for CT + DT, ST(1) - DT, and ST(1) + DT treatments represent 27%, 47%, and 68% of the cost of DT ($20 ha(-1)) and 37%, 67%, and 96% of the savings a producer would have if managing the field to ST for 10 years without DT (ST(10) - DT) in a single 50-mm rainfall event. For row-crop producers in the Southeastern U.S. with runoff producing rainfall events during the crop growing season, DT is a management practice that is cost-effective from a natural resource and financial standpoint for those producers that continue to use CT systems and especially those that have recently adopted ST systems into their farming operations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Truman, C. C.] ARS, USDA, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Nuti, R. C.] ARS, USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. RP Truman, CC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Watershed Res Lab, POB 748,2375 Rainwater Rd, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Clint.Truman@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 97 IS 6 BP 835 EP 840 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2010.01.004 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 583TQ UT WOS:000276703200007 ER PT J AU Soheila, M Charles, T Hsiaopo, C Schmitt, D Isleib, T AF Soheila, M. Charles, T. Hsiaopo, C. Schmitt, D. Isleib, T. TI Producing a hypoallergenic peanut through conventional breeding SO ALLERGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 29th Congress of the European-Academy-of-Allergy-and-Clinical-Immunology (EAACI) CY JUN 05-09, 2010 CL London, ENGLAND SP European Acad Allergy and Clin Immunol C1 [Soheila, M.; Charles, T.; Hsiaopo, C.; Schmitt, D.] ARS, USDA, Food Allergy Res Grp, New Orleans, LA USA. [Isleib, T.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0105-4538 EI 1398-9995 J9 ALLERGY JI Allergy PD JUN PY 2010 VL 65 SU 92 SI SI MA 89 BP 41 EP 41 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 286IR UT WOS:000329462100089 ER PT J AU Ledig, FT Rehfeldt, GE Saenz-Romero, C Flores-Lopez, C AF Ledig, F. Thomas Rehfeldt, Gerald E. Saenz-Romero, Cuauhtemoc Flores-Lopez, Celestino TI PROJECTIONS OF SUITABLE HABITAT FOR RARE SPECIES UNDER GLOBAL WARMING SCENARIOS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE assisted colonization; climatic models; conservation; Picea engelmannii; Picea martinezii; Picea mexicana; Random Forests algorithm; Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt ID PICEA-MEXICANA MARTINEZ; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSES; LATE PLEISTOCENE; MATING SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; RANGE SHIFTS; POPULATIONS; TREE AB Premise of the study: Modeling the contemporary and future climate niche for rare plants is a major hurdle in conservation, yet such projections are necessary to prevent extinctions that may result from climate change. Methods: We used recently developed spline climatic models and modified Random Forests statistical procedures to predict suitable habitats of three rare, endangered spruces of Mexico and a spruce of the southwestern USA. We used three general circulation models and two sets of carbon emission scenarios ( optimistic and pessimistic) for future climates. Key results: Our procedures predicted present occurrence perfectly. For the decades 2030, 2060, and 2090, the ranges of all taxa progressively decreased, to the point of transient disappearance for one species in the decade 2060 but reappearance in 2090. Contrary to intuition, habitat did not develop to the north for any of the Mexican taxa; rather, climate niches for two taxa re-materialized several hundred kilometers southward in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. The climate niche for a third Mexican taxon shrank drastically, and its two mitotypes responded differently, one of the first demonstrations of the importance of intraspecific genetic variation in climate niches. The climate niche of the U. S. species shrank northward and upward in elevation. Conclusion: The results are important for conservation of these species and are of general significance for conservation by assisted colonization. We conclude that our procedures for producing models and projecting the climate niches of Mexican spruces provide a way for handling other rare plants, which constitute the great bulk of the world's endangered and most vulnerable flora. C1 [Ledig, F. Thomas] US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. [Ledig, F. Thomas] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rehfeldt, Gerald E.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Saenz-Romero, Cuauhtemoc] UMSNH, IIAF, Tarimbaro 58880, Michoacan, Mexico. [Flores-Lopez, Celestino] Univ Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Dept Forestal, Saltillo 25000, Coahuila, Mexico. RP Ledig, FT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 2480 Carson Rd, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. EM tledig@scrserv.com FU Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) [75831]; Natural Resources Canada, and Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo FX This paper is an undertaking of the Forest Genetic Resources Working Group/North American Forest Commission/Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Funding was provided by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) scholarship 75831, Natural Resources Canada, and Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo to C. S. R. during his sabbatical year at the Centre canadien sur la fiber de bois, Service canadien des forets, Quebec, Canada. NR 65 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 18 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 97 IS 6 BP 970 EP 987 DI 10.3732/ajb.0900329 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 603MJ UT WOS:000278212400007 PM 21622467 ER PT J AU Liu, EJ Meigs, JB Pittas, AG Economos, CD McKeown, NM Booth, SL Jacques, PF AF Liu, Enju Meigs, James B. Pittas, Anastassios G. Economos, Christina D. McKeown, Nicola M. Booth, Sarah L. Jacques, Paul F. TI Predicted 25-hydroxyvitamin D score and incident type 2 diabetes in the Framingham Offspring Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-D STATUS; FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; INSULIN-SECRETION; D DEFICIENCY; SERUM 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; METABOLIC SYNDROME; D SUPPLEMENTATION; CALCIUM; HEALTH; GLUCOSE AB Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that vitamin D is involved in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Objective: Our objective was to examine the relation between vitamin D status and incidence of T2D. Design: We used a subsample of 1972 Framingham Offspring Study participants to develop a regression model to predict plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations from age, sex, body mass index, month of blood sampling, total vitamin D intake, smoking status, and total energy intake. Using this model, we calculated the predicted 25(OH)D score for each nondiabetic participant at the cohort's fifth examination to assess the association between the predicted 25(OH)D score and incidence of T2D by using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: A total of 133 T2D cases were identified over a 7-y average follow-up. In comparison with individuals in the lowest tertile of the predicted 25(OH)D score at baseline, those in the highest tertile had a 40% lower incidence of T2D after adjustment for age, sex, waist circumference, parental history of T2D, hypertension, low HDL cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, impaired fasting glucose, and Dietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence Index score (hazard ratio: 0.60: 95% CI: 0.37, 0.97; P for trend = 0.03). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that higher vitamin D status is associated with decreased risk of T2D. Maintaining optimal 25(OH)D status may be a strategy to prevent the development of T2D. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91:1627-33. C1 [Jacques, Paul F.] Tufts Univ, Program Epidemiol, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Meigs, James B.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Gen Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Meigs, James B.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Meigs, James B.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Pittas, Anastassios G.] Tufts Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Boston, MA USA. [Economos, Christina D.; McKeown, Nicola M.; Booth, Sarah L.; Jacques, Paul F.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Jacques, PF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Program Epidemiol, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM paul.jacques@tufts.edu RI liu, enju/B-2136-2010; liu, enju/F-4062-2010 FU US Department of Agriculture [58-1950-7-707]; National Institute of Aging [AG 14759]; Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health [N01-HC-25195]; American Diabetes Association; NIDDK [K24 DK080140, R01DK076092, R21DK078867]; Beverage Institute for Health and Wellness FX Supported in part by the US Department of Agriculture, under agreement no. 58-1950-7-707, National Institute of Aging (AG 14759). and the Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health (contract no. N01-HC-25195); and by an American Diabetes Association Career Development Award (JBM), NIDDK K24 DK080140 (JBM), R01DK076092 and R21DK078867 (AGP), and the Beverage Institute for Health and Wellness (CDE). NR 47 TC 68 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1627 EP 1633 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28441 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 598MP UT WOS:000277841700012 PM 20392893 ER PT J AU Morris, MS Jacques, PF Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J AF Morris, Martha Savaria Jacques, Paul F. Rosenberg, Irwin H. Selhub, Jacob TI Circulating unmetabolized folic acid and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in relation to anemia, macrocytosis, and cognitive test performance in American seniors SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; VITAMIN-B-12 DEFICIENCY; PERNICIOUS-ANEMIA; COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY; BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS; FOLATE CONCENTRATIONS; SERUM VITAMIN-B-12; NATIONAL-HEALTH; FORTIFICATION; POPULATION AB Background: Folate deficiency has serious consequences for the fetus. Folic acid fortification of food addresses this problem. However, clinical consequences of vitamin B-12 deficiency may be worsened by high folic acid intakes, perhaps as a direct result of unmetabolized folic acid, which does not occur naturally in body tissues. Objective: We attempted to attribute associations that we previously found between higher folate status and anemia and cognitive test performance to circulating unmetabolized folic acid or 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5MeTHF). Design: The subjects (n = 1858) were senior participants in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2002) who had normal renal function and reported no history of stroke, recent anemia therapy, or diseases of the liver, thyroid, or coronary arteries. Subjects had undergone a phlebotomy, a complete blood count, and cognitive and dietary assessments. Results: Circulating unmetabolized folic acid was detected in approximate to 33% of the subjects and was related to an increased odds of anemia in alcohol users. In seniors with a serum vitamin B-12 concentration <148 pmol/L or a plasma methylmalonic acid concentration >= 210 nmol/L, the presence compared with the absence of detectable circulating unmetabolized folic acid was related to lower cognitive test scores and lower mean cell volume. In the same subgroup, higher serum 5MeTHF was related to an increased odds of anemia and a marginally significantly decreased odds of macrocytosis. In seniors with a normal vitamin B-12 status, a higher serum 5MeTHF concentration was related to higher cognitive test scores. Conclusion: Results of this epidemiologic study were somewhat consistent with reports on the folic acid treatment of patients with pernicious anemia, but some findings were unexpected. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91:1733-44. C1 [Morris, Martha Savaria] Tufts Univ, Nutr Epidemiol Program, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Morris, MS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr Epidemiol Program, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St,Room 901D, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM martha.morris@tufts.edu FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707]; USDA [2006-35200-17198] FX This material is based upon work supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, under agreement no. 58-1950-7-707. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture.; Supported by USDA agreement no. 58-1950-7-707 and USDA grant 2006-35200-17198. NR 92 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1733 EP 1744 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28671 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 598MP UT WOS:000277841700025 PM 20357042 ER PT J AU Haynes, KG Wanner, LA Thill, CA Bradeen, JM Miller, J Novy, RG Whitworth, JL Corsini, DL Vinyard, BT AF Haynes, Kathleen G. Wanner, Leslie A. Thill, Christian A. Bradeen, James M. Miller, Jeffrey Novy, Richard G. Whitworth, Jonathan L. Corsini, Dennis L. Vinyard, Bryan T. TI Common Scab Trials of Potato Varieties and Advanced Selections at Three US Locations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Streptomyces spp.; Pitted scab; Raised scab; Genotype x environment interactions; Stability analysis; Broad-sense heritability ID PLANT-PATHOGENIC STREPTOMYCES; SP-NOV; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; PITTED SCAB; NETTED SCAB; RESISTANCE; THAXTOMIN; HERITABILITY; STRAINS; TUBERS AB Common scab (CS), caused by Streptomyces spp., is a soil-borne bacterial disease of potato tubers which may cause superficial, raised, or pitted lesions. The results of screening potato germplasm for severity of CS can be variable, necessitating testing over multiple environments. The purposes of this study were to evaluate advanced germplasm from public potato breeding programs in different regions of the United States for their reaction to CS, estimate broad-sense heritability for resistance, and identify clones with stable resistance. Seventeen to 23 clones per year were evaluated at each of three locations (ID, ME, MN) from 2002 to 2007. After harvest, each tuber was scored for the percent of surface area covered with lesions and the type of lesion. These scores were converted to an area index (AI) and a lesion index (LI). AI, LI, and the arcsine ae proportion scabby tubers (PS) were analyzed as normally distributed responses. There were significant differences among clones for AI in 2 years, LI in 5 years, and PS in 3 years. There were significant clone x location interactions for AI and PS all 6 years, and LI in 5 years. Broad-sense heritability for AI, LI, and PS ranged from 0 to 0.78, 0.49 to 0.90, and 0.30 to 0.80, respectively. Evaluation at multiple sites remains important for characterizing the reaction of potato germplasm to CS. C1 [Haynes, Kathleen G.; Wanner, Leslie A.] USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Thill, Christian A.; Miller, Jeffrey] Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bradeen, James M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Novy, Richard G.; Whitworth, Jonathan L.; Corsini, Dennis L.] USDA ARS, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Vinyard, Bryan T.] USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Haynes, KG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kathleen.haynes@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/ARS FX The excellent technical assistance of Karl DeLong, Charles LaGasse, Bonnie Adams, and Merle Bragg is gratefully acknowledged. This research was partially supported by a grant from the USDA/ARS Cooperative Potato Research Program. NR 53 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 87 IS 3 BP 261 EP 276 DI 10.1007/s12230-010-9132-9 PG 16 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 606ZI UT WOS:000278467500004 ER PT J AU Bamberg, J del Rio, A Fernandez, C Salas, A Vega, S Zorrilla, C Roca, W Tay, D AF Bamberg, John del Rio, Alfonso Fernandez, Charles Salas, Alberto Vega, Sandra Zorrilla, Cinthya Roca, Willy Tay, David TI Comparison of "Remote" Versus "Easy" In Situ Collection Locations for USA Wild Solanum (potato) Germplasm SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE stoloniferum ID CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; SYSTEM; SIZE AB A basic question in germplasm collecting is whether the in situ genetic diversity in a given geographic range has been adequately sampled. While one would ideally sample all diverse sites with appropriate habitat, there is usually a practical bias against visiting relatively inaccessible sites. For wild potato in the USA, mountain habitats often include easy access locations (near roads, usually at lower altitudes), and relatively remote locations (usually high altitude crests that can be accessed only by trail hiking and camping). This work used AFLP markers to compare three southeastern Arizona mountain ranges for which multiple "easy" and "remote" Solanum fendleri populations had been collected. Of the total markers detected, 24%, 6% and 3% were unique to the "remote" locations, and 3%, 21% and 34% were unique to "easy" locations. This case study demonstrates that populations at such locations are not identical, but the most unique alleles are sometimes captured at the remote location, sometimes at the easy. The practical conclusion is that both locations need to be sampled and compared empirically in the lab for unique allele richness to identify locations with highest priority for additional collecting. C1 [Bamberg, John; del Rio, Alfonso; Fernandez, Charles; Vega, Sandra] USDA ARS, US Potato Genebank, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. [Salas, Alberto; Zorrilla, Cinthya; Roca, Willy; Tay, David] Int Potato Ctr, Lima, Peru. RP Bamberg, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Potato Genebank, 4312 Hwy 42, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. EM john.bamberg@ars.usda.gov OI Del Rio, Alfonso/0000-0001-8780-747X FU NPGS/PEO, Beltsville FX The authors thank Adele Douglass and the University of Wisconsin Peninsula Agricultural Research Station (home site of USPG) for technical support; K Williams of NPGS/PEO, Beltsville for extramural funding and DeLorme Inc., Yarmouth, ME for permission to use "Topo USA-7" for Fig. 1. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 87 IS 3 BP 277 EP 284 DI 10.1007/s12230-010-9133-8 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 606ZI UT WOS:000278467500005 ER PT J AU Bethke, PC Busse, JS AF Bethke, Paul C. Busse, James S. TI Vine-Kill Treatment and Harvest Date have Persistent Effects on Tuber Physiology SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Reducing sugars; Vine desiccation; Tuber maturity ID POTATO SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; SUGAR CONTENT; SKIN-SET; KENNEBEC POTATOES; RUSSET BURBANK; CHIP COLOR; ACRYLAMIDE; CULTIVARS; SUCROSE; STORAGE AB The quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers coming out of storage depends on the state of the tubers going into storage. Experiments determined the effects of vine-kill treatment and harvest date on the post-harvest physiology of potato tubers stored for up to 12 weeks. Potato cultivar Russet Burbank grown in central Wisconsin was harvested in late July when tubers were immature, in late August, and in early September after complete natural senescence of vines. Prior to the first two harvests, vines were either desiccated with diquat dibromide or were untreated. Data were collected at harvest and in storage for skin set, tuber respiration rate, and tuber sucrose, glucose, and fructose contents. Skin set at harvest was increased by use of the desiccant at the early harvest date, but not at the middle harvest date. Early harvest without vine kill resulted in elevated tuber bud-end glucose contents in storage. Early harvest with vine kill treatment resulted in increased rates of respiration in storage that persisted through December. Neither tuber sucrose nor glucose content 6 weeks after harvest was a good predictor of tuber glucose content 12 weeks after harvest. These data demonstrate that vine-kill treatment and tuber maturity at harvest have long-term effects on tuber quality. C1 [Bethke, Paul C.; Busse, James S.] USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bethke, Paul C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bethke, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM pbethke@wisc.edu FU Wisconsin Potato and Vegetable Growers Association FX This research was funded in part by the Wisconsin Potato and Vegetable Growers Association whose support is gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank the staff at the Hancock Agricultural Research Station for their help with planting, crop management, and harvest, and Nathan Weyenberg for assistance in the field and in preparing samples for HPLC analysis. The experiments described comply with the laws of the United States of America. The authors have no financial interest with the organization that sponsored the research. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 87 IS 3 BP 299 EP 309 DI 10.1007/s12230-010-9137-4 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 606ZI UT WOS:000278467500007 ER PT J AU Whitworth, JL Hamm, PB McIntosh, CS AF Whitworth, Jonathan L. Hamm, Phillip B. McIntosh, Chris S. TI Effect of Potato Virus Y on Yield of a Clonal Selection of Russet Norkotah SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Clonal line selection; Current season virus; Seed borne virus; PVY ID CULTIVARS; PERFORMANCE; INFECTION; STRAINS AB Successful selections of Russet Norkotah lines have produced larger, more vigorous vines and higher yields than the standard Russet Norkotah (RN). Potato Virus Y (PVY), while producing mild or "latent" symptoms in this cultivar, has been shown to significantly reduce yields. To determine PVY's effect on yield of a RN selection, PVY infected RN and Russet Norkotah selection 3 (RN3) yields were compared after planting in Hermiston, Oregon in 2001, 2003, and 2006. After emergence, individual plants were ELISA tested for PVY multiple times during the growing season to confirm infection. Plants were categorized when infected; 1) current season, 2) seed borne or 3) "no PVY". At harvest, total and marketable yield data were collected. RN3 produced higher total yields than RN, regardless of infection categories. Highest yield reductions of RN and RN3 due to PVY were in the following order; seed borne PVY >> current season PVY >> no PVY. C1 [Whitworth, Jonathan L.] USDA ARS, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Hamm, Phillip B.] Oregon State Univ, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. [McIntosh, Chris S.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Whitworth, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, 1693 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM Jonathan.Whitworth@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 87 IS 3 BP 310 EP 314 DI 10.1007/s12230-010-9134-7 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 606ZI UT WOS:000278467500008 ER PT J AU Ward, CR Windham, WR Dise, D AF Ward, Cynthia R. Windham, William R. Dise, Darrell TI Evaluation of activation of G proteins in response to thyroid stimulating hormone in thyroid gland cells from euthyroid and hyperthyroid cats SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID THYROTROPIN RECEPTOR GENE; TOXIC NODULAR GOITER; FELINE HYPERTHYROIDISM; TSH RECEPTOR; THYROGLOBULIN EXPRESSION; SOMATIC MUTATIONS; GROWTH; ADENOMAS; BINDING; HYPERPLASIA AB Objective-To evaluate alterations in ligand-stimulated activity of G proteins in thyroid gland cells of hyperthyroid cats. Sample Population-Membranes of thyroid gland cells isolated from 5 hyperthyroid cats and 3 age-matched euthyroid (control) cats immediately after the cats were euthanatized. Procedures-Isolated thyroid cell membranes were treated with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and activation of G protein was quantified by measurement of the binding of guanosine triphosphate gamma labeled with sulfur 35 (GTR gamma S-35). The separate effects of G-protein inhibitory (G(i)) and G-protein stimulatory (G(s)) proteins were determined by the use of pertussis toxin and cholera toxin, respectively. Results-Thyroid cell membranes from hyperthyroid cats had higher basal GTP gamma S-35 binding than did thyroid cell membranes from euthyroid cats. Thyroid cell membranes from hyperthyroid and euthyroid cats had a concentration-dependent increase in TSH-stimulated GTP gamma S-35 binding over the TSH range of 0 to 100 mU/mL, with maximal activity at 1 to 100 mU/mL for both. The percentage increase in GTP gamma S-35 binding stimulated by TSH was similar in magnitude between the membranes from hyperthyroid and euthyroid cats. The TSH-stimulated activation of G(s) and G(i) was not different between euthyroid and hyperthyroid cats. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Ligand-stimulated activation of G proteins was the same in thyroid cell membranes obtained from hyperthyroid and euthyroid cats. Therefore, alterations in inherent Gs or Gi activities did not appear to be part of the pathogenesis of hyperthyroidism in cats. (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:643-648) C1 [Ward, Cynthia R.; Dise, Darrell] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Med & Surg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Windham, William R.] USDA ARS, Qual & Safety Assessment Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Ward, CR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Med & Surg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM crward@uga.edu FU Morris Animal Foundation; Winn Feline Foundation FX Supported by the Morris Animal Foundation and the Winn Feline Foundation. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 71 IS 6 BP 643 EP 648 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 602PR UT WOS:000278151800007 PM 20513179 ER PT J AU Uthus, EO AF Uthus, Eric O. TI Determination of the specific activities of methionine sulfoxide reductase A and B by capillary electrophoresis SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Capillary electrophoresis; Methionine sulfoxide reductase; Selenium; Enzyme activity ID SUBSTRATE STEREOSPECIFICITY; ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; OXIDIZED PROTEINS; MSRA; OXIDATION; REPAIR; IDENTIFICATION; MAMMALS; ENZYMES AB A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method for the determination of methionine sulfoxide reductase A and methionine sulfoxide reductase B activities in mouse liver is described. The method is based on detection of the 4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene-4'-sulfonyl derivative of L-methionine (dabsyl Met), the product of the enzymatic reactions when either dabsyl L-methionine S-sulfoxide or dabsyl L-methionine R-sulfoxide is used as a substrate. The method provides baseline resolution of the substrates and, therefore, can be used to easily determine the purity of the substrates. The method is rapid (similar to 20 min sample to sample), requires no column regeneration, and uses very small amounts of buffers. Separation was performed by using a 75-mu m internal diameter polyimide-coated fused silica capillary (no inside coating) with 60 cm total length (50 cm to the detector window). Samples were separated at 22.5 kV, and the separation buffer was 25 mM KH(2)PO(4) (pH 8.0) containing 0.9 ml of N-lauroylsarcosine (sodium salt, 30% [w/v] solution) per 100 ml of buffer. Prior to use, the capillary was conditioned with the same buffer that also contained 25 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate. The CE method is compared with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as determined by comparing results from measurements of hepatic enzyme activities in mice fed either deficient or adequate selenium. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Uthus, EO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM eric.uthus@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS). The author discloses no conflicts of interest. The USDA-ARS, Northern Plains Area, is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer, and all agency services are available without discrimination. Any mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing scientific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. NR 42 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 401 IS 1 BP 68 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2010.02.013 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 587GR UT WOS:000276978700010 PM 20167203 ER PT J AU Schlossberg, S King, DI AF Schlossberg, S. King, D. I. TI Effects of invasive woody plants on avian nest site selection and nesting success in shrublands SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE birds; shrublands; invasive plants; nest site selection; nest predation ID YELLOW-BREASTED CHATS; PREDATION RISK; UNITED-STATES; HABITAT; SONGBIRD; SHRUBS; PATTERNS; BIRDS; MASSACHUSETTS; ASSOCIATIONS AB Exotic, invasive plants are a growing conservation problem. Birds frequently use invasive plants as nest substrates, but effects of invasives on avian nesting success have been equivocal in past studies. In 2004 and 2005, we assessed effects of invasive woody plants on avian nest-site selection and nesting success in western Massachusetts shrublands. At the nest scale, we tested the effects of invasive versus native substrates on nesting success as well as differences among individual invasive species. At the patch scale, we tested effects of invasive prevalence on nesting success in natives and invasives. We found that, as a whole, shrubland birds preferred invasive substrates. Of two species sufficiently abundant for individual analysis, gray catbirds Dumetella carolinensis preferred invasive substrates, but chestnut-sided warblers Dendroica pensylvanica showed no preference for natives or invasives. At the nest scale, nests of gray catbirds placed in invasive substrates were more successful than those in natives. Chestnut-sided warblers and all species combined, however, had equal nest success in invasives and natives. We found no differences in nest success for nests in different species of invasive substrates or in invasive substrates with and without thorns. At the scale of the patch, nest success in invasive substrates increased with the prevalence of invasives on a site. Nest success in native plants did not change with invasive prevalence. We attribute this finding to the tendency for thickets of invasive plants to be larger on sites with more invasive cover. These findings illustrate the complex interaction of different factors that can determine how invasive plants affect avian nesting success. We conclude that control of invasive woody plants should be neutral for most shrubland birds. C1 [Schlossberg, S.; King, D. I.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [King, D. I.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA USA. RP Schlossberg, S (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM srs@nrc.umass.edu FU National Resources Conservation Service; Resource Inventory and Assessment Division; Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife FX Thanks to the National Resources Conservation Service, Resource Inventory and Assessment Division for providing financial support for S.S. Funding for fieldwork was provided by the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1367-9430 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 13 IS 3 BP 286 EP 293 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00338.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 589CN UT WOS:000277122500008 ER PT J AU Rosenkrans, C Banks, A Reiter, S Looper, M AF Rosenkrans, Charles, Jr. Banks, Andrea Reiter, Sara Looper, Michael TI Calving traits of crossbred Brahman cows are associated with Heat Shock Protein 70 genetic polymorphisms SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cattle; Hsp70; SNP; Promoter; Tall fescue ID GRAZING COMMON BERMUDAGRASS; X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; ENDOPHYTE-INFECTED FESCUE; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; PASTURES; STRESS; ANGUS AB Stress proteins and their genetic polymorphisms have been associated with decreased male and female fertility. Objectives were to: (1) identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) located in the promoter region of the bovine heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) gene, and (2) evaluate associations between Hsp70 SNP, Julian calving date, and calving rates of crossbred Brahman cows. Specific primers were designed for PCR amplification of a 539 base segment of the bovine Hsp70 promoter (GenBank accession number M98823). Eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected; one deletion at base position 895 (n = 37), seven transitions (G1013A, n = 2; G1045A, n = 8; C1069T, n = 4; A1096G, n = 14; G1117A, n = 12; T1134C, n = 7; and T1204C, n = 56), and three transversions (A1125C, n = 53; G1128T, n = 51; and C1154G, n = 11). Cows that were homozygous for the minor allele at transversion site A1125C or G1128T had lesser (P < 0.05) calving percentages than cows that were homozygous for the primary allele (48 vs. 75%). Homozygous and heterozygous deletion of cytosine at base 895 resulted in lower (P < 0.05) calving percentages than homozygous cytosine cows (8, 50, 82%; respectively). In addition, homozygous deletion cows had the latest (P < 0.05) Julian calving date. Eighteen Hsp70 promoter haplotypes were deduced, and seven of those haplotypes (n = 37) included the deletion at base 895. Thirty-two cows had the haplotype consistent with the GenBank sequence and the remaining 30 cows had a SNP other than the deletion. Cows with deletion haplotypes had a lesser (P < 0.05) calving percentage, and the latest (P < 0.05) Julian calving date when compared with cows having other SNP haplotypes. Results from the present study suggest that the promoter region of the bovine Hsp70 gene is polymorphic and may be useful in selecting cows with a greater fertility. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rosenkrans, Charles, Jr.; Banks, Andrea; Reiter, Sara] Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Looper, Michael] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Rosenkrans, C (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM crosenkr@uark.edu FU USDA-ARS [58-6227-8-042] FX This study was supported in part by USDA-ARS cooperative agreement 58-6227-8-042. The authors gratefully acknowledge L. Huddleston, W. Jackson, D. Jones, G. Robson, S. Tabler, and B. Woolley at USDA-ARS Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center for technical assistance and daily animal management. We thank M. Roe, B. Okimoto, R. Okimoto, R. Flores, and L. Starkey for their assistance with DNA analysis and interpretation; and Kathleen Yeater at USDA-ARS-SPA for statistical power analysis. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 119 IS 3-4 BP 178 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.02.005 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 588SV UT WOS:000277095100003 PM 20227203 ER PT J AU Ford, JJ Rohrer, GA Nonneman, DJ Lunstra, DD Wise, TH AF Ford, J. J. Rohrer, G. A. Nonneman, D. J. Lunstra, D. D. Wise, T. H. TI Association of allelic variants of thyroid-binding globulin with puberty in boars and responses to hemicastration SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Boar; Testis; Hemicastration; Sertoli cell; Thyroid-binding globulin; Puberty ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; COMPENSATORY TESTICULAR HYPERTROPHY; REDUCING ESTROGEN SYNTHESIS; SERTOLI-CELL NUMBER; SPERM PRODUCTION; FSH CONCENTRATIONS; MEISHAN BOARS; TESTIS SIZE; GROWTH; PROLIFERATION AB Hemicastration of males increases weight of remaining testis when conducted before Sertoli cells cease to proliferate. The current studies re-examined responses to hemicastration in one-quarter Meishan crossbred boars that differed for two alleles of thyroid-binding globulin (TBG). In the first experiment, boars at 25 days of age with either allele did not differ in degree of testicular development: however, at 56 days, boars with the C allele had more advanced testicular development than littermates with the A allele as evidenced by testes with seminiferous tubules of larger diameter (P < 0.008) and greater weight (P < 0.05). At 10 months of age, boars hemicastrated at 25 days had a similar number of Sertoli cells in their single testis compared with both testes of control boars. However, in boars hemicastrated at 56 days number of Sertoli cells was less than the total number of Sertoli cells in the bilaterally intact controls; this reduction was greater (P < 0.05) in boars with the C allele than in those with the A allele. The second experiment confirmed earlier (P < 0.05) pubertal development in boars with the C allele relative to littermates with the A allele based on larger tubular diameter and the greater proportion of tubules with a distinct lumen at 60 and 80 days of age. These studies establish that boars with the C allele for TBG attain puberty at a younger age than those with the A allele thereby linking rate of pubertal development of boars with TBG or with gene(s) on the X chromosome in close proximity of TBG. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ford, J. J.; Rohrer, G. A.; Nonneman, D. J.; Lunstra, D. D.; Wise, T. H.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Ford, JJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM joe.ford@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 119 IS 3-4 BP 228 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.11.007 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 588SV UT WOS:000277095100010 PM 20022718 ER PT J AU Thomson, JL McCabe-Sellers, BJ Strickland, E Lovera, D Nuss, HJ Yadrick, K Duke, S Bogle, ML AF Thomson, Jessica L. McCabe-Sellers, Beverly J. Strickland, Earline Lovera, Dalia Nuss, Henry J. Yadrick, Kathleen Duke, Sara Bogle, Margaret L. TI Development and evaluation of WillTry. An instrument for measuring children's willingness to try fruits and vegetables SO APPETITE LA English DT Article DE WillTry instrument; Predictive validity; Reliability; Internal consistency; Fruits and vegetables; Children ID LOWER MISSISSIPPI DELTA; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; FOOD NEOPHOBIA; PICKY EATER; QUESTIONNAIRE; CONSUMPTION; PREFERENCES; CHILDHOOD; OVERWEIGHT; BEVERAGE AB This paper describes the development and evaluation of the WillTry instrument, a psychometric tool designed to measure children's willingness to try fruits and vegetables. WillTry surveys were interviewer-administered to 284 children in an elementary school and summer day camps located in rural Mississippi and Arkansas (United States) communities. Factor analysis was used to determine construct dimensionality. Additional evaluation included internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and predictive validity. Factor analysis suggested a single dimension for the food items. The WillTry food scale had substantial reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients between 0.61 and 0.80) and sufficient internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha >= 0.70). Results of the regression analysis for percent consumption of foods offered on WillTry response confirmed the predictive validity of the instrument. The results of these analyses provide psychometric evidence for the use of the WillTry instrument as a measure of willingness to try fruits and vegetables in rural, southern US children 5-14 years of age. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Thomson, Jessica L.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. [McCabe-Sellers, Beverly J.; Strickland, Earline; Lovera, Dalia; Nuss, Henry J.; Bogle, Margaret L.] USDA ARS, Delta Obes Prevent Res Unit, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. [Yadrick, Kathleen] Univ So Mississippi, Coll Hlth, Dept Nutr & Food Syst, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Duke, Sara] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Nuss, Henry J.] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Behav & Community Hlth Sci Program, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP Thomson, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. EM jessica.thomson@ars.usda.gov FU USDA ARS [6251-53000-004-00D] FX Funding for this research was provided by USDA ARS #6251-53000-004-00D. We thank Stephen Onufrak and Janice Stuff for reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6663 J9 APPETITE JI Appetite PD JUN PY 2010 VL 54 IS 3 BP 465 EP 472 DI 10.1016/j.appet.2010.01.012 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 620AD UT WOS:000279470500005 PM 20116407 ER PT J AU Trivedi, P Duan, YP Wang, NA AF Trivedi, Pankaj Duan, Yongping Wang, Nian TI Huanglongbing, a Systemic Disease, Restructures the Bacterial Community Associated with Citrus Roots SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CANDIDATUS LIBERIBACTER ASIATICUS; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; PLANT-GROWTH; POTATO PLANTS; SOIL; ENDOPHYTES; RHIZOSPHERE; BIOCONTROL; SEQUENCE; POPULATIONS AB To examine the effect of pathogens on the diversity and structure of plant-associated bacterial communities, we carried out a molecular analysis using citrus and huanglongbing as a host-disease model. 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis of citrus roots revealed shifts in microbial diversity in response to pathogen infection. The clone library of the uninfected root samples has a majority of phylotypes showing similarity to well-known plant growth-promoting bacteria, including Caulobacter, Burkholderia, Lysobacter, Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Bacillus, and Paenibacillus. Infection by "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" restructured the native microbial community associated with citrus roots and led to the loss of detection of most phylotypes while promoting the growth of bacteria such as Methylobacterium and Sphingobacterium. In pairwise comparisons, the clone library from uninfected roots contained significantly higher 16S rRNA gene diversity, as reflected in the higher Chao 1 richness estimation (P <= 0.01) of 237.13 versus 42.14 for the uninfected and infected clone libraries, respectively. Similarly, the Shannon index of the uninfected clone library (4.46) was significantly higher than that of the infected clone library (2.61). Comparison of the uninfected clone library with the infected clone library using LIBSHUFF statistics showed a significant difference (P <= 0.05). Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the bacterial community changes not only qualitatively but also quantitatively. The relative proportions of different groups of bacteria changed significantly after infection with the pathogen. These data indicate that infection of citrus by "Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus" has a profound effect on the structure and composition of the bacterial community associated with citrus roots. C1 [Trivedi, Pankaj; Wang, Nian] Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Duan, Yongping] USDA, Agr Res Serv, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Wang, NA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, 700 Expt Stn Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. EM nianwang@crec.ifas.ufl.edu FU Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council (FCPRAC) FX This work was supported by the Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council (FCPRAC). NR 51 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 8 U2 38 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 76 IS 11 BP 3427 EP 3436 DI 10.1128/AEM.02901-09 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 598WW UT WOS:000277871400003 PM 20382817 ER PT J AU Wymelenberg, AV Gaskell, J Mozuch, M Sabat, G Ralph, J Skyba, O Mansfield, SD Blanchette, RA Martinez, D Grigoriev, I Kersten, PJ Cullen, D AF Wymelenberg, Amber Vanden Gaskell, Jill Mozuch, Michael Sabat, Grzegorz Ralph, John Skyba, Oleksandr Mansfield, Shawn D. Blanchette, Robert A. Martinez, Diego Grigoriev, Igor Kersten, Philip J. Cullen, Dan TI Comparative Transcriptome and Secretome Analysis of Wood Decay Fungi Postia placenta and Phanerochaete chrysosporium SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BROWN-ROT BASIDIOMYCETE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GLOEOPHYLLUM-TRABEUM; GENE-EXPRESSION; CELLOBIOSE DEHYDROGENASE; EXTRACELLULAR PROTEINS; GLUCURONOYL ESTERASES; GLYOXAL OXIDASE; CELLULOSE; LIGNIN AB Cellulose degradation by brown rot fungi, such as Postia placenta, is poorly understood relative to the phylogenetically related white rot basidiomycete, Phanerochaete chrysosporium. To elucidate the number, structure, and regulation of genes involved in lignocellulosic cell wall attack, secretome and transcriptome analyses were performed on both wood decay fungi cultured for 5 days in media containing ball-milled aspen or glucose as the sole carbon source. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), a total of 67 and 79 proteins were identified in the extracellular fluids of P. placenta and P. chrysosporium cultures, respectively. Viewed together with transcript profiles, P. chrysosporium employs an array of extracellular glycosyl hydrolases to simultaneously attack cellulose and hemicelluloses. In contrast, under these same conditions, P. placenta secretes an array of hemicellulases but few potential cellulases. The two species display distinct expression patterns for oxidoreductase-encoding genes. In P. placenta, these patterns are consistent with an extracellular Fenton system and include the upregulation of genes involved in iron acquisition, in the synthesis of low-molecular-weight quinones, and possibly in redox cycling reactions. C1 [Gaskell, Jill; Mozuch, Michael; Kersten, Philip J.; Cullen, Dan] USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Wymelenberg, Amber Vanden] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sabat, Grzegorz] Univ Wisconsin, Genet & Biotechnol Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Energy, Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Skyba, Oleksandr; Mansfield, Shawn D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Wood Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Blanchette, Robert A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Martinez, Diego] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Grigoriev, Igor] Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Cullen, D (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM dcullen@facstaff.wisc.edu FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2007-35504-18257]; Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center [DE-FC02- 07ER64494] FX This work was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number 2007-35504-18257 to the Forest Products Laboratory, by Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 to the Joint Genome Institute, and by the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science BER DE-FC02- 07ER64494). NR 60 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 48 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 76 IS 11 BP 3599 EP 3610 DI 10.1128/AEM.00058-10 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 598WW UT WOS:000277871400023 ER PT J AU Parker, CT Huynh, S Quinones, B Harris, LJ Mandrell, RE AF Parker, Craig T. Huynh, Steven Quinones, Beatriz Harris, Linda J. Mandrell, Robert E. TI Comparison of Genotypes of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Phage Type 30 and 9c Strains Isolated during Three Outbreaks Associated with Raw Almonds SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; UNITED-STATES; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTIONS; SEQUENCES; TRANSPORT; REVEALS AB In 2000 to 2001, 2003 to 2004, and 2005 to 2006, three outbreaks of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis were linked with the consumption of raw almonds. The S. Enteritidis strains from these outbreaks had rare phage types (PT), PT30 and PT9c. Clinical and environmental S. Enteritidis strains were subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), and DNA microarray-based comparative genomic indexing (CGI) to evaluate their genetic relatedness. All three methods differentiated these S. Enteritidis strains in a manner that correlated with PT. The CGI analysis confirmed that the majority of the differences between the S. Enteritidis PT9c and PT30 strains corresponded to bacteriophage-related genes present in the sequenced genomes of S. Enteritidis PT4 and S. enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2. However, PFGE, MLVA, and CGI failed to discriminate between S. Enteritidis PT30 strains related to outbreaks from unrelated clinical strains or between strains separated by up to 5 years. However, metabolic fingerprinting demonstrated that S. Enteritidis PT4, PT8, PT13a, and clinical PT30 strains metabolized L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, L-proline, L-alanine, and D-alanine amino acids more efficiently than S. Enteritidis PT30 strains isolated from orchards. These data indicate that S. Enteritidis PT9c and 30 strains are highly related genetically and that PT30 orchard strains differ from clinical PT30 strains metabolically, possibly due to fitness adaptations. C1 [Parker, Craig T.] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Harris, Linda J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Parker, CT (reprint author), ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM craig.parker@ars.usda.gov RI Harris, Linda/B-5030-2011 OI Harris, Linda/0000-0002-1911-752X FU Almond Board of California; U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service [2002-03886]; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, CRIS [5325-42000-045] FX This work was funded by the Almond Board of California and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service project 2002-03886. This work also was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, CRIS project 5325-42000-045. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 76 IS 11 BP 3723 EP 3731 DI 10.1128/AEM.03053-09 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 598WW UT WOS:000277871400036 PM 20363782 ER PT J AU Schechter, LM Guenther, J Olcay, EA Jang, SC Krishnan, HB AF Schechter, Lisa M. Guenther, Jeanette Olcay, Elizabeth A. Jang, Sungchan Krishnan, Hari B. TI Translocation of NopP by Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257 into Vigna unguiculata Root Nodules SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID III SECRETION SYSTEM; CULTIVAR-SPECIFIC NODULATION; RHIZOBIUM SP NGR234; SP. STRAIN NGR234; PLANT-CELLS; EFFECTOR PROTEINS; TARGETING SIGNALS; HOST-SPECIFICITY; HRP SYSTEM; LEGUMES AB Sinorhizobium fredii is a nitrogen-fixing legume symbiont that stimulates the formation of root nodules. S. fredii nodulation of roots is influenced by Nop proteins, which are secreted through a type III secretion system (T3SS). We demonstrate that S. fredii injects NopP into Vigna unguiculata nodules in a T3SS-dependent manner. C1 [Schechter, Lisa M.; Guenther, Jeanette; Olcay, Elizabeth A.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Jang, Sungchan] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Krishnan, Hari B.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Schechter, LM (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, 223 Res Bldg,1 Univ Blvd, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. EM schechterl@umsl.edu FU University of Missouri-St. Louis FX This work was supported by start-up research funds from the University of Missouri-St. Louis. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 76 IS 11 BP 3758 EP 3761 DI 10.1128/AEM.03122-09 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 598WW UT WOS:000277871400042 PM 20382805 ER PT J AU van Berkum, P Elia, P Eardly, BD AF van Berkum, Peter Elia, Patrick Eardly, Bertrand D. TI Application of Multilocus Sequence Typing To Study the Genetic Structure of Megaplasmids in Medicago-Nodulating Rhizobia SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINORHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; PHYLOGENETIC NETWORKS; RECOMBINATION; EVOLUTIONARY; POPULATIONS; IDENTIFICATION; LACINIATA; GENOTYPES; PATTERNS; EBURST AB A multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis was used to examine the genetic structure and diversity within the two large extrachromosomal replicons in Medicago-nodulating rhizobia (Sinorhizobium meliloti and Sinorhizobium medicae). The allelic diversity within these replicons was high compared to the reported diversity within the corresponding chromosomes of the same strains (P. van Berkum et al., J. Bacteriol. 188:5570-5577, 2006). Also, there was strong localized linkage disequilibrium (LD) between certain pSymA loci: e.g., nodC and nifD. Although both of these observations could be explained by positive (or diversifying) selection by plant hosts, results of tests for positive selection did not provide consistent support for this hypothesis. The strong LD observed between the nodC and nifD genes could also be explained by their close proximity on the pSymA replicon. Evidence was obtained that some nodC alleles had a history of intragenic recombination, while other alleles of this locus had a history of intergenic recombination. Both types of recombination were associated with a decline in symbiotic competence with Medicago sativa as the host plant. The combined observations of LD between the nodC and nifD genes and intragenic recombination within one of these loci indicate that the symbiotic gene region on the pSymA plasmid has evolved as a clonal segment, which has been laterally transferred within the natural populations. C1 [van Berkum, Peter; Elia, Patrick] ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Eardly, Bertrand D.] Penn State Berks Coll, Reading, PA 19610 USA. RP van Berkum, P (reprint author), ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, USDA, Bldg 006,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM peter.vanberkum@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 76 IS 12 BP 3967 EP 3977 DI 10.1128/AEM.00251-10 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 606ID UT WOS:000278415300023 PM 20418433 ER PT J AU Martin, P Calvin, L AF Martin, Philip Calvin, Linda TI Immigration Reform: What Does It Mean for Agriculture and Rural America? SO APPLIED ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES AND POLICY LA English DT Article DE Immigration reform; U; S; agriculture; J61; J43; Q16 ID LABOR-MARKET; IMPACT AB Over half of the hired workers employed on U.S. crop farms have been unauthorized to work since the mid-1990s, thereby increasing risk for employers if increased immigration law enforcement reduces the availability and raises the cost of farm labor. Immigration reform that legalizes farm workers could speed exits from the farm workforce, thus putting upward pressure on farm wages. Better enforcement of existing immigration laws would reduce the supply of farm workers, also putting upward pressure on wages. Producer response to higher wages depends, in part, on the availability of guest workers and alternatives to hand labor such as labor-saving machinery. C1 [Martin, Philip] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Calvin, Linda] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Martin, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM plmartin@ucdavis.edu NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 2040-5790 J9 APPL ECON PERSPECT P JI Appl. Econ. Perspect. Policy PD SUM PY 2010 VL 32 IS 2 BP 232 EP 253 DI 10.1093/aepp/ppq006 PG 22 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 593IO UT WOS:000277447400002 ER PT J AU Somkuti, GA Paul, M AF Somkuti, George A. Paul, Moushumi TI Enzymatic fragmentation of the antimicrobial peptides casocidin and isracidin by Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp bulgaricus SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus thermophilus; Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp; bulgaricus; RP-HPLC; Casocidin; Isracidin ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES; MILK; CASEIN; ANTIBACTERIAL; PROTEINS; HYDROLYSATE; LACTOFERRIN AB The cumulative effect of peptidase and protease activities associated with cells of Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (LB) was evaluated on the milk protein-based antimicrobial peptides casocidin and isracidin. Reaction mixtures of casocidin or isracidin and nonproliferating mid-log cells of these essential yogurt starter cultures were individually incubated for up to 4 h at pH 4.5 and 7.0, and samples removed at various time points were analyzed by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. Both casocidin and isracidin remained largely unchanged following exposure to cell suspensions of ST or LB strains at pH 4.5. Casocidin was extensively degraded by both ST and LB strains at pH 7.0, whereas isracidin remained largely intact after incubation for 4 h with ST strains but was degraded by exposure to LB strains. The results showed the feasibility of using the bovine casein-based peptides casocidin and isracidin as food grade antimicrobial supplements to impart fermented dairy foods additional protection against bacterial contamination. The structural integrity and efficacy of these biodefensive peptides may be preserved by timing their addition near the end of the fermentation of yogurt-like dairy foods (at or below pH 4.5), when conditions for bacterial proteolytic activity become unfavorable. C1 [Somkuti, George A.; Paul, Moushumi] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Somkuti, GA (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM george.somkuti@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 87 IS 1 BP 235 EP 242 DI 10.1007/s00253-009-2433-6 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 597TH UT WOS:000277784100024 PM 20165946 ER PT J AU Saha, BC Racine, FM AF Saha, Badal C. Racine, F. Michael TI Effects of pH and corn steep liquor variability on mannitol production by Lactobacillus intermedius NRRL B-3693 SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mannitol production; Fructose fermentation; pH-controlled fermentation; Lactobacillus intermedius; Lactic acid bacterium; Corn steep liquor ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; FERMENTATION; NITROGEN; FRUCTOSE AB Lactobacillus intermedius NRRL B-3693 produced mannitol, lactic acid, and acetic acid when grown on fructose at 37A degrees C. The optimal pH for mannitol production from fructose by the heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium (LAB) in pH-controlled fermentation was at pH 5.0. It produced 160.7 A +/- 1.1 g mannitol in 40 h with a volumetric productivity of 4.0 g l(-1) h(-1) in a simplified medium containing 250 g fructose, 50 g corn steep liquor (CSL), and 33 mg MnSO(4) per liter. However, the mannitol production by the LAB was severely affected by the variability of CSL. The supplementation of CSL with soy peptone (5 g/l), tryptophan (50 mg/l), tryptophan (50 mg/l) plus tyrosine (50 mg/l), or commercial protease preparation (2 ml/100 g of CSL) enhanced the performance of the inferior CSL and thus helped to overcome the nutrient limitations. C1 [Saha, Badal C.] ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Racine, F. Michael] zuChem Inc, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Saha, BC (reprint author), ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Badal.Saha@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 87 IS 2 BP 553 EP 560 DI 10.1007/s00253-010-2552-0 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 600BY UT WOS:000277959500017 PM 20361324 ER PT J AU Riche, M Williams, TN AF Riche, M. Williams, T. N. TI Apparent digestible protein, energy and amino acid availability of three plant proteins in Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus L. in seawater and low-salinity water SO AQUACULTURE NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE amino acid availability; digestible protein; plant-based proteins; pompano ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; FINGERLING RAINBOW-TROUT; COMMON FEED INGREDIENTS; DIETARY-PROTEIN; SEA-WATER; DICENTRARCHUS-LABRAX; GROWTH; COEFFICIENTS; FEEDSTUFFS AB Two experiments were conducted with Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus L. at 3 and 28 g L-1 salinity to determine apparent crude protein digestibility (ACPD), energy digestibility (AED) and amino acid availability (AAAA) from soybean meal (SBM), soy protein isolate (SPI) and corn gluten meal (CGM). Mean AAAA was similar to ACPD. In fish adapted to 3 g L-1 salinity, they were 81.2% and 81.9% (CGM), 93.6% and 92.2% (SBM), 93.8% and 93.1% (SPI) for AAAA and ACPD respectively. In fish adapted to 28 g L-1, they were 84.5% and 83.4% (CGM), 86.5% and 87.1% (SBM), and 83.4% and 85.0% (SPI) for AAAA and ACPD respectively. The AED was highest for SPI and lowest for SBM and inversely related to carbohydrate. The ACPD, AED and AAAA of soy products appeared to be lower in high salinity, whereas CGM was unaffected. The data suggest that SBM, SPI and CGM should be further evaluated as partial fishmeal replacements in Florida pompano diets. Application of the generated coefficients can be used to develop well-balanced, low-cost diets for Florida pompano reared in low salinity or seawater. C1 [Riche, M.; Williams, T. N.] ARS, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP Riche, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 5600 US Hwy 1,N, Ft Pierce, FL USA. EM marty.riche@ars.usda.gov FU Link Foundation; USDA/Agricultural Research Service [6225-63000-007-00D] FX The authors acknowledge David I. Haley and Patrick L. Tracy for their skilful technical assistance in sample collection, preparation and processing. We would also like to express gratitude to Dr T. Gibson Gaylord, Dr Jon Amberg and Dr Hector Acosta-Salmon for critical review and advice on preparation of this manuscript. The authors acknowledge Rangen, Inc. Buhl, Idaho for generously donating the plant-based proteins. This work was funded in part by the Link Foundation. Additional funding was provided by the USDA/Agricultural Research Service Project No. 6225-63000-007-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. All programmes and services of the US Department of Agriculture are offered on a non-discriminatory basis without regard to race, colour, national origin, religion, sex, marital status, or handicap. NR 44 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1353-5773 J9 AQUACULT NUTR JI Aquac. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 16 IS 3 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00654.x PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 592SW UT WOS:000277401600001 ER PT J AU Choi, MY Meer, RKV Valles, SM AF Choi, Man-Yeon Meer, Robert K. Vander Valles, Steven M. TI MOLECULAR DIVERSITY OF PBAN FAMILY PEPTIDES FROM FIRE ANTS SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fire ant; PBAN; neuropeptide; phylogenetic tree; Solenopsis ID BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; GENE-ENCODING DH; DIAPAUSE HORMONE; PHEROMONOTROPIC NEUROPEPTIDE; SUBESOPHAGEAL GANGLION; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; FXPRL NEUROPEPTIDES; CLEAVAGE SITES; PUPAL DIAPAUSE AB The PBAN/Pyrokinin peptide family is a major neuropeptide family characterized with a common FXPRLamide in the C-termini. These peptides are ubiquitously distributed in the Insecta and are involved in many essential endocrinal functions, e.g., pheromone production. Previous work demonstrated the localization of PBAN in the fire ant central nervous system, and identified a new family of PBAN from the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. In this study, we identified five more PBAN/Pyrokinin genes from S. geminata, S. richteri, S. pergandii, S. carolinensis, and a hybrid of S. invicta and S. richteri. The gene sequences were used to determine the phylogenetic relationships of these species and hybrid, which compared well to the morphologically defined fire ant subgroup complexes. The putative PBAN and other peptides were determined from the amino acid sequences of the PBAN/pyrokinin genes. We summarized all known insect PBAN family neuropeptides, and for the first time constructed a phylogenetic tree based on the full amino acid sequences translated from representative PBAN cDNAs. The PBAN/pyrokinin gene is well conserved in Insecta and probably extends into the Arthropod phylum; however, translated pre-propeptides may vary and functional diversity may be retained, lost, or modified during the evolutionary process. Published 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Choi, Man-Yeon; Meer, Robert K. Vander; Valles, Steven M.] USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Choi, MY (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM mychoi@ars.usda.gov; bob.vandermeer@ars.usda.gov OI Choi, Man-Yeon/0000-0003-0769-380X NR 51 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 2 BP 67 EP 80 DI 10.1002/arch.20356 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 644SH UT WOS:000281399300001 PM 20513055 ER PT J AU Chen, YG Olson, DM Ruberson, JR AF Chen, Yigen Olson, Dawn M. Ruberson, John R. TI Effects of nitrogen fertilization on tritrophic interactions SO ARTHROPOD-PLANT INTERACTIONS LA English DT Review DE Nutrients; Tritrophic interactions; Herbivore; Predator; Parasitoid; Pathogen ID PARASITOID ENCARSIA-FORMOSA; ENHANCE BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; INDUCED VOLATILE EMISSIONS; COTTON GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; ORIUS-INSIDIOSUS SAY; PLANT VOC EMISSIONS; BRACON-HEBETOR-SAY; LIMA-BEAN LEAVES; NATURAL ENEMIES; ELEVATED CO2 AB Tritrophic interactions (plant-herbivore-natural enemy) are basic components of nearly all ecosystems, and are often heavily shaped by bottom-up forces. Numerous factors influence plants' growth, defense, reproduction, and survival. One critical factor in plant life histories and subsequent trophic levels is nitrogen (N). Because of its importance to plant productivity, N is one of the most frequently used anthropogenic fertilizers in agricultural production and can exert a variety of bottom-up effects and potentially significantly alter tritrophic interactions through various mechanisms. In this paper, the potential effects of N on tritrophic interactions are reviewed. First, in plant-herbivore interactions, N availability can alter quality of the plant (from the herbivore's nutritional perspective) as food by various means. Second, nitrogen effects can extend directly to natural enemies through herbivores by changes in herbivore quality vis-A -vis the natural enemy, and may even provide herbivores with a defense against natural enemies. Nitrogen also may affect the plant's indirect defenses, namely the efficacy of natural enemies that kill herbivores attacking the plant. The effects may be expressed via (1) quantitatively and/or qualitatively changing herbivore-induced plant volatiles or other plant features that are crucial for foraging and attack success of natural enemies, (2) modifying plant architecture that might affect natural enemy function, and (3) altering the quality of plant-associated food and shelter for natural enemies. These effects, and their interactive top-down and bottom-up influences, have received limited attention to date, but are of growing significance with the need for expanding global food production (with accompanying use of fertilizer amendments), the widening risks of fertilizer pollution, and the continued increase in atmospheric CO2. C1 [Chen, Yigen; Ruberson, John R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Olson, Dawn M.] USDA ARS, CPMRU, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Ruberson, JR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM ruberson@uga.edu OI Ruberson, John/0000-0002-4475-8177 FU Georgia Cotton Commission; Cotton Incorporated FX We appreciate funding support from the Georgia Cotton Commission and Cotton Incorporated. We also appreciate the valuable comments of the anonymous reviewers and editor on the manuscript. NR 173 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 9 U2 74 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1872-8855 EI 1872-8847 J9 ARTHROPOD-PLANT INTE JI Arthropod-Plant Interact. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 4 IS 2 BP 81 EP 94 DI 10.1007/s11829-010-9092-5 PG 14 WC Ecology; Entomology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology GA 594MH UT WOS:000277541300002 ER PT J AU Garcia-Rios, A Perez-Martinez, P Fuentes, F Mata, P Lopez-Miranda, J Alonso, R Rodriguez, F Garcia-Olid, A Ruano, J Ordovas, JM Perez-Jimenez, F AF Garcia-Rios, A. Perez-Martinez, P. Fuentes, F. Mata, P. Lopez-Miranda, J. Alonso, R. Rodriguez, F. Garcia-Olid, A. Ruano, J. Ordovas, J. M. Perez-Jimenez, F. TI Genetic variations at ABCG5/G8 genes modulate plasma lipids concentrations in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE ABCG5/G8 polymorphisms; Lipids; Smoking; Interaction; Familial hypercholesterolemia ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; IN-VIVO; POLYMORPHISMS; TRANSPORTERS; ABCG8; SERUM; ACID; G8 AB Objective: To investigate the association of four common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at ABCG5 (i7892A>G, i18429C>T, Gln604GluC>G, i11836G>A) and five at ABCG8 (5U145T>G, Tyr54CysA>G, Asp19HisG>C, i14222T>C, and Thr400LysG>T) with plasma lipids concentrations and to explore the interaction between those SNPs and smoking in patients with FH. Methods and Results: ABCG5/G8 SNPs were genotyped in 500 subjects with genetic diagnosis of FH. Carriers of the minor A allele at the ABCG5 i11836G>A SNP displayed significantly higher HDL-C concentrations (P=0.023) than G/G subjects. In addition, carriers of the minor G allele at the ABCG5 Gln604GluC>G SNP had significantly lower VLDL-C (P=0.011) and lower TG (P=0.017) concentrations than homozygous C/C. Interestingly, a significant gene-smoking interaction was found, in which carriers of the minor alleles at ABCG5 (i7892A>G, i18429C>T, i11836G>A) SNPs displayed significantly lower HDL-C, higher TC and higher TG respectively, only in smokers. On the other hand, nonsmokers carriers of the minor alleles at ABCG5 (i18429C>T and Gln604GluC>G) SNPs had significantly lower TG concentrations (P=0.012 and P=0.035) compared with homozygous for the major allele. Conclusions: Our data support the notion that ABCG5/G8 genetic variants modulate plasma lipids concentrations in patients with FH and confirm that this effect could be influenced by smoking. Therefore, these results suggest that gene-environmental interactions can affect the clinical phenotype of FH. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Garcia-Rios, A.; Perez-Martinez, P.; Fuentes, F.; Lopez-Miranda, J.; Garcia-Olid, A.; Ruano, J.; Perez-Jimenez, F.] Univ Cordoba, Lipids & Atherosclerosis Res Unit, Ciber Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr CIBEROBN, Inst Salud Carlos III,IMIBC,Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. [Garcia-Rios, A.; Ordovas, J. M.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Mata, P.; Alonso, R.] Fdn Jimenez Diaz, Lipid Clin, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Rodriguez, F.] Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, Clin Anal Serv, Reina Sofia, Spain. RP Perez-Jimenez, F (reprint author), Univ Cordoba, Lipids & Atherosclerosis Res Unit, Ciber Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr CIBEROBN, Inst Salud Carlos III,IMIBC,Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. EM fperezjimenez@uco.es OI Perez-Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-7499-7681; Perez Martinez, Pablo/0000-0001-7716-8117; Perez Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-9808-1280; Ruano, Juan/0000-0002-0286-4107; FUENTES JIMENEZ, FRANCISCO/0000-0002-4584-7366; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL054776, R01 HL054776-11]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK075030] NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JUN PY 2010 VL 210 IS 2 BP 486 EP 492 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.01.010 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 601CY UT WOS:000278036800027 PM 20172523 ER PT J AU Vega-Lopez, S Matthan, NR Ausman, LM Harding, SV Rideout, TC Ai, M Otokozawa, S Freed, A Kuvin, JT Jones, PJ Schaefer, EJ Lichtenstein, AH AF Vega-Lopez, Sonia Matthan, Nirupa R. Ausman, Lynne M. Harding, Scott V. Rideout, Todd C. Ai, Masumi Otokozawa, Seiko Freed, Alicia Kuvin, Jeffrey T. Jones, Peter J. Schaefer, Ernst J. Lichtenstein, Alice H. TI Altering dietary lysine:arginine ratio has little effect on cardiovascular risk factors and vascular reactivity in moderately hypercholesterolemic adults SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE Lysine:arginine ratio; Lipoproteins; Small dense LDL (sdLDL)-cholesterol; Remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RemLC); Cholesterol fractional synthesis rate (FSR); Flow mediated dilation (FMD) and Peripheral artery tonometry (PAT) ID ORAL L-ARGININE; IMPROVES ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION; PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL-DISEASE; ANIMAL-PROTEIN-SOURCES; ESSENTIAL AMINO-ACIDS; HEALTHY-YOUNG MEN; LEAN WHITE FISH; SOY PROTEIN; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PLASMA-LIPIDS AB Background: Information is scarce regarding the effect of dietary protein type, with specific focus on the lysine-to-arginine (Lys:Arg) ratio, on cardiovascular risk factors and vascular reactivity in humans. Objective: Determine the effect of dietary Lys: Arg ratio on cardiovascular risk factors and vascular reactivity in moderately hypercholesterolemic adults. Design: Randomized cross-over design of two 35-day diet phases; thirty adults (21 females and 9 males, >= 50 years, LDL cholesterol >= 120 mg/dL). Diets had 20% energy (E) protein, 30% E fat, 50% E carbohydrate and were designed to have low (0.7) or high (1.4) Lys: Arg ratio. Measures included fasting and postprandial lipid, lipoprotein, apolipoprotein concentrations; fasting high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), small dense LDL (sdLDL) cholesterol, remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RemLC), glycated albumin, adiponectin and immunoreactive insulin concentrations, endogenous cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activities; cholesterol fractional synthesis rate (FSR); and flow mediated dilation (FMD) and peripheral artery tonometry (PAT). Results: No differences were observed in fasting and/or postprandial total, LDL, HDL and sdLDL cholesterol, RemLC, Lp(a) or apo B concentrations, LCAT and CETP activities, FSR, glycated albumin, immunoreactive insulin, FMD or PAT. The low, relative to the high, Lys: Arg ratio diet resulted in lower postprandial VLDL cholesterol (-24%, P = 0.001) and triglycerides (-23%, P = 0.001), and small but significant differences in fasting (-3%, P = 0.003) and postprandial (-3%, P = 0.018) apo AI, and fasting adiponectin concentrations (+7%, P = 0.035). Fasting and postprandial hsCRP concentrations were 23% lower after the low Lys: Arg ratio diet (P = 0.020 for both). Conclusions: Diets differing in Lys: Arg ratios had no or small effects on cardiovascular risk factors and vascular reactivity. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Vega-Lopez, Sonia] Arizona State Univ, Healthy Lifestyles Res Ctr, Mesa, AZ USA. [Harding, Scott V.; Rideout, Todd C.; Jones, Peter J.] Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Kuvin, Jeffrey T.] Tufts Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM alice.lichtenstein@tufts.edu RI Harding, Scott/K-9005-2012; OI Harding, Scott/0000-0002-7728-2339; Jones, Peter/0000-0001-5887-2846; Rideout, Todd C/0000-0002-1834-7083 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL058008-04, HL 58008, R01 HL058008, R01 HL058008-02, R01 HL058008-03, R01 HL058008-05] NR 75 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JUN PY 2010 VL 210 IS 2 BP 555 EP 562 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.12.002 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 601CY UT WOS:000278036800039 PM 20042191 ER PT J AU Laclaustra, M Stranges, S Navas-Acien, A Ordovas, JM Guallar, E AF Laclaustra, Martin Stranges, Saverio Navas-Acien, Ana Ordovas, Jose M. Guallar, Eliseo TI Serum selenium and serum lipids in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE Selenium; Serum lipids; NHANES ID HEART-DISEASE; SUPPLEMENTATION; TRIAL; RISK; CHOLESTEROL; POPULATION; METABOLISM; PREVENTION; STATINS; CANCER AB Objective: High selenium has been recently associated with several cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors including diabetes, blood pressure and lipid levels. We evaluated the association of serum selenium with fasting serum lipid levels in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004, the most recently available representative sample of the US population that measured selenium levels. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 1159 adults >= 40 years old from NHANES 2003-2004. Serum selenium was measured by inductively coupled plasma-dynamic reaction cell-mass spectrometry. Fasting serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol were measured enzymatically and LDL cholesterol was calculated. Results: Mean serum selenium was 136.7 mu g/L. The multivariable adjusted average differences (95% confidence interval) comparing the highest (>= 147 mu g/L) to the lowest (< 124 mu g/L) selenium quartiles were 18.9 (9.9, 28.0) mg/dL for total cholesterol, 12.7 (3.3, 22.2) mg/dL for LDL cholesterol, 3.9 (0.4, 7.5) mg/dL for HDL cholesterol, and 11.5 (-7.6, 30.7) mg/dL for triglycerides. In spline regression models, total and LDL cholesterol levels increased progressively with increasing selenium concentrations. HDL cholesterol increased with selenium but reached a plateau above 120 mu g/L of serum selenium (20th percentile). The triglyceride-selenium relationship was U-shaped. Conclusion: In US adults, high serum selenium concentrations were associated with increased serum concentrations of total and LDL cholesterol. Selenium was associated with increasing HDL cholesterol only at low selenium levels. Given increasing trends in dietary selenium intake and supplementation, the causal mechanisms underlying these associations need to be fully characterized. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Laclaustra, Martin; Navas-Acien, Ana; Guallar, Eliseo] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Laclaustra, Martin; Navas-Acien, Ana; Guallar, Eliseo] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Laclaustra, Martin; Ordovas, Jose M.; Guallar, Eliseo] CNIC, Dept Cardiovasc Epidemiol & Populat Genet, Madrid, Spain. [Stranges, Saverio] Univ Warwick, Sch Med, Hlth Sci Res Inst, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Navas-Acien, Ana] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Guallar, E (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, 2024 E Monument St,Room 2-639, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM eguallar@jhsph.edu RI STRANGES, SAVERIO/F-3273-2010; Guallar, Eliseo/D-3807-2014; Laclaustra, Martin/C-6709-2015; OI Guallar, Eliseo/0000-0002-4471-9565; Laclaustra, Martin/0000-0003-3963-0846; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [ES012673]; National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Disease [DK075030]; American Heart Association [0230232N] FX Supported by grants ES012673 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, DK075030 from the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Disease, 0230232N from the American Heart Association. NR 30 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JUN PY 2010 VL 210 IS 2 BP 643 EP 648 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.01.005 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 601CY UT WOS:000278036800054 PM 20102763 ER PT J AU Delgado-Lista, J Perez-Martinez, P Perez-Jimenez, F Garcia-Rios, A Fuentes, F Marin, C Gomez-Luna, P Camargo, A Parnell, LD Ordovas, JM Lopez-Miranda, J AF Delgado-Lista, J. Perez-Martinez, P. Perez-Jimenez, F. Garcia-Rios, A. Fuentes, F. Marin, C. Gomez-Luna, P. Camargo, A. Parnell, L. D. Ordovas, J. M. Lopez-Miranda, J. TI Frequent Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the ABCA1 Gene Regulate Postprandial Lipid Metabolism SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd International Symposium of Chylomicrons in Disease CY JUN 02-05, 2010 CL Rotterdam, NETHERLANDS SP BMS, Novo Nordisk, MSD, AMT C1 [Delgado-Lista, J.; Perez-Martinez, P.; Perez-Jimenez, F.; Garcia-Rios, A.; Fuentes, F.; Marin, C.; Gomez-Luna, P.; Camargo, A.; Lopez-Miranda, J.] Univ Cordoba, Lipids & Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. [Delgado-Lista, J.; Perez-Martinez, P.; Perez-Jimenez, F.; Garcia-Rios, A.; Fuentes, F.; Marin, C.; Gomez-Luna, P.; Camargo, A.; Lopez-Miranda, J.] ISCIII, CIBEROBN, Madrid, Spain. [Gomez-Luna, P.; Parnell, L. D.; Ordovas, J. M.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 11 IS 1 MA 17 BP 73 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2010.04.023 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 599SI UT WOS:000277933000030 ER PT J AU Fishman, J Creilson, JK Parker, PA Ainsworth, EA Vining, GG Szarka, J Booker, FL Xu, XJ AF Fishman, Jack Creilson, John K. Parker, Peter A. Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. Vining, G. Geoffrey Szarka, John Booker, Fitzgerald L. Xu, Xiaojing TI An investigation of widespread ozone damage to the soybean crop in the upper Midwest determined from ground-based and satellite measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; Crop damage; Ozone; Remote sensing; Soybean; Yield ID AIR-QUALITY FORECASTS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; UNITED-STATES; SURFACE OZONE; YIELD; METAANALYSIS; POLLUTION; EXPOSURE; GROWTH; RESIDUALS AB Elevated concentrations of ground-level ozone (O(3)) are frequently measured over farmland regions in many parts of the world. While numerous experimental studies show that O(3) can significantly decrease crop productivity, independent verifications of yield losses at current ambient O(3) concentrations in rural locations are sparse. In this study, soybean crop yield data during a 5-year period over the Midwest of the United States were combined with ground and satellite O(3) measurements to provide evidence that yield losses on the order of 10% could be estimated through the use of a multiple linear regression model. Yield loss trends based on both conventional ground-based instrumentation and satellite-derived tropospheric O(3) measurements were statistically significant and were consistent with results obtained from open-top chamber experiments and an open-air experimental facility (SoyFACE, Soybean Free Air Concentration Enrichment) in central Illinois. Our analysis suggests that such losses are a relatively new phenomenon due to the increase in background tropospheric O(3) levels over recent decades. Extrapolation of these findings supports previous studies that estimate the global economic loss to the farming community of more than $10 billion annually. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fishman, Jack; Creilson, John K.; Xu, Xiaojing] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Creilson, John K.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Parker, Peter A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Syst Engn Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.] Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Vining, G. Geoffrey; Szarka, John] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Booker, Fitzgerald L.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Booker, Fitzgerald L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Fishman, J (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM jack.fishman@nasa.gov NR 41 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 44 IS 18 BP 2248 EP 2256 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.01.015 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 613ON UT WOS:000278988700010 ER PT J AU Jaradat, AA AF Jaradat, Abdullah A. TI Genetic resources of energy crops: Biological systems to combat climate change SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID 2ND-GENERATION BIOENERGY CROPS; BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCK; CROPPING SYSTEMS; BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; CELLULOSIC BIOFUELS; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; YIELD COMPONENTS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; NET ENERGY; WATER-USE AB Bioenergy crop plants that function as solar energy collectors and thermo-chemical energy storage systems are the basis for biological systems that are expected to contribute to renewable energy production, help stabilize the rising levels of green house gases (GHG), and mitigate the risk of global climate change (GCC). Wide genetic resource bases, especially of wild and semi-domesticated perennial grasses and woody species of starch-, oil, and lingocellulose-producing plants, are available to select, breed, genetically-modify, and develop environmentally-friendly bioenergy crops. Plant species, with fast growth, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and low requirements for biological, chemical or physical pretreatments, are being evaluated as potential bioenergy crops. Currently, bioenergy systems based on traditional sources and first generation bioenergy crops, are not sustainable and their exploitation may contribute to environmental degradation. New genetic resources and technological breakthroughs are being employed to develop dedicated bioenergy crops (DECs) with better GHG profiles and with a suite of eco-physiological traits to maximize radiation interception, water-(WUE) and nutrient-use efficiencies (NUE), improved lingocellulosic accessibility to enzymatic degradation, and to confer environmental sustainability. Large-scale bioenergy crop plantations pose both opportunities and challenges, and will inevitably compete with food crops for land, water, nutrient resources and other inputs; whereas, biodiversity consequences of increased biofuel production will most likely result in habitat loss, increased and enhanced dispersion of invasive species, and pollution resul. Recent genetic modifications and breeding efforts of bioenergy crops aim at improving biomass yield, quality, and conversion efficiency. Improvements in composition and structure of bio-chemicals in bioenergy crops will enable the production of more energy per ton of biomass and will improve its caloric value, GHG profile, and GCC mitigation potential. C1 USDA ARS, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Jaradat, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM abdullah.jaradat@ars.usda.gov NR 100 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 19 PU SOUTHERN CROSS PUBL PI LISMORE PA 8 91-93 MCKENZIE ST, LISMORE, NSW 2480, AUSTRALIA SN 1835-2693 J9 AUST J CROP SCI JI Aust. J. Crop Sci. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 4 IS 5 BP 309 EP 323 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 626BY UT WOS:000279942100003 ER PT J AU Allen, PC Jenkins, MC AF Allen, P. C. Jenkins, M. C. TI Observations on the Gross Pathology of Eimeria praecox Infections in Chickens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Eimeria praecox; chickens; carotenoids; coccidiosis; inflammation; nitric oxide ID ACERVULINA; STRAINS; MAXIMA; PATHOGENICITY; ABSORPTION; BROILERS; TENELLA; JOHNSON; FOWL AB Challenge infections with 10(3), 5 x 10(4), 10(5), or 5 x 10(5) sporulated Eimeria praecox oocysts caused moderate but significant weight gain reduction at all infective doses. Substantial reduction in plasma carotenoids and moderate but significant increases in plasma NO(2)(-) + NO(3)(-) were observed only at the two higher doses when measured at day 6 postchallenge (PC). Daily monitoring of chickens after challenge with 5 x 10(4) oocysts revealed an inflammatory response in the duodenum and jejunum beginning at day 1 PC that was associated with a significant increase in levels of plasma NO(2)(-) + NO(3)(-), which peaked at day 4 PC. A moderate, uniform hyperplasia of the small intestine and significant depression of plasma carotenoids were observed on days 4-6 PC. Plasma NO(2)(-) + NO(3)(-) decreased to control levels by day 6 PC. All infections were accompanied by production of a mucoid exudate in the duodenum and jejunum, which became thick and opaque by 4 days PC and tended to obscure mildly inflamed areas. These observations indicate that the acute host response to primary infection with E. praecox is both different from and occurs earlier than the response to experimental infections with other Eimeria spp., such as Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, or Eimeria tenella. These factors need to be considered in observations of pathology arising from co-infections of E. praecox with other Eimeria species, especially in drug sensitivity testing of Eimeria oocysts recovered from litter and in the evaluation of live oocyst vaccines. C1 [Allen, P. C.; Jenkins, M. C.] Agr Res Serv, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jenkins, MC (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Bldg 1040,Room 103,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mark.jenkins@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 54 IS 2 BP 834 EP 840 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 618MC UT WOS:000279358500008 PM 20608527 ER PT J AU Pandiri, AR Mays, JK Silva, RF Hunt, HD Reed, WM Fadly, AM AF Pandiri, A. R. Mays, J. K. Silva, R. F. Hunt, H. D. Reed, W. M. Fadly, A. M. TI Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus Neutralizing Antibody Escape Variants Contribute to Viral Persistence in Meat-Type Chickens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE subgroup J avian leukosis virus; antibody escape mutants; meat-type chickens; persistent viremia; neutralizing antibody; infection profile ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; BROILER BREEDER CHICKENS; INFECTION PROFILES; MYELOID LEUKOSIS; HPRS-103 STRAIN; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; ENVELOPE; EVOLUTION; GENES AB We have previously demonstrated a high incidence of chickens with persistent viremia even in the presence of neutralizing antibodies (V+A+) against the inoculated parental virus in commercial meat-type chickens inoculated at hatch with subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV J) field isolates. In this study, we used an ALV J molecular clone, ADOL pR5-4, to determine the role of neutralizing antibody (NAb) escape mutants in maintaining a high incidence of viral persistence, namely, V+A+ infection profile in commercial meat-type chickens. Chickens were housed as a flock in a pen or housed in isolation in solitary Horsfall-Bauer units for testing for NAb escape variants. The emergence of NAb escape variants was evaluated by sequential autologous virus neutralization (VN) (between virus and antibody from the same sampling period) and heterologous VN (between virus and antibody from preceding and succeeding sampling periods). Sequential virus isolates and corresponding antisera from 18 chickens were examined by VN matrix. In all chickens, autologous virus isolates were not neutralized by corresponding antisera. However, some of these resilient autologous virus isolates were neutralized by antibodies from subsequent sampling intervals. Nucleotide sequence analysis of consecutive isolates from three individually housed chickens with V+A+ infection profile revealed distinct changes within the envelope region, suggesting viral evolution to escape the host immune response. These results demonstrate that the emergence of antibody escape variants in commercial meat-type chickens contributes to ALV J persistence. C1 [Pandiri, A. R.; Mays, J. K.; Silva, R. F.; Hunt, H. D.; Fadly, A. M.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Reed, W. M.] Purdue Univ, Sch Vet Med, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Fadly, AM (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM aly.fadly@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 54 IS 2 BP 848 EP 856 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 618MC UT WOS:000279358500010 PM 20608529 ER PT J AU Guard, J Gast, RK Guraya, R AF Guard, Jean Gast, Richard K. Guraya, Rupa TI Colonization of Avian Reproductive-Tract Tissues by Variant Subpopulations of Salmonella Enteritidis SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Salmonella enterica; eggs; food safety; poultry; pathogen; reproduction ID ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS; EGG CONTAMINATION; PHAGE TYPES; UNITED-STATES; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; PROFILES; VIRULENT; TYPE-4 AB Leghorn hens were infected with Salmonella Enteritidis cultures of known genomic content and subpopulation characteristics to determine comparative abilities to colonize the avian reproductive tract. Group 1 received phage-type (PT) 4 22079, which is a dimorphic subpopulation that can both contaminate eggs and form biofilm. Group 2 received a 90:10 mixture of monomorphic PT13a strains 21027 and 21046, which produce biofilm or contaminate eggs, respectively. Group 3 received a 10:90 mixture of the same two PT13a strains, respectively. Trials were repeated three times and a total of 30 hens per treatment group were infected. Dosage was by oral gavage and was calculated as 8.6 +/- 2.01 x 10(7) colony-forming units per hen. Liver, spleen, and three different sections of oviduct (ovary, upper oviduct, and lower oviduct) were cultured per bird. Results were that all three groups had livers and spleens that were mostly positive (90.0% and 94.4% of 270 hens cultured, respectively). Reproductive-tract organs yielded 75 positives from 270 hens (27.8%), and treatment groups ranged from a low of 6.7% to a high of 76.7% positive cultures in any one trial. There was no significant difference between the numbers of positive reproductive-tract samples between treatment groups due to variance. These results suggest that the status of the reproductive tract at the time of infection may impact recovery of culture-positive tissue and contribute to variance. It is suggested that Salmonella Enteritidis cultures that vary in subpopulation composition have subtle differences in colonization of reproductive tissue that contribute to variance in egg contamination. Culture of non-reproductive-tract organs such as the liver and spleen was overall more reliable for detection of infected hens. The spleen was especially useful for detection because of its small size. Further research is needed to determine how sex hormones influence the infection pathway that results in egg contamination. C1 [Guard, Jean; Gast, Richard K.; Guraya, Rupa] USDA, Athens, GA 30677 USA. RP Guard, J (reprint author), USDA, Athens, GA 30677 USA. EM jean.guard@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 54 IS 2 BP 857 EP 861 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 618MC UT WOS:000279358500011 PM 20608530 ER PT J AU Silva, RF Dunn, JR Cheng, HH Niikura, M AF Silva, Robert F. Dunn, John R. Cheng, Hans H. Niikura, Masahiro TI A MEQ-Deleted Marek's Disease Virus Cloned as a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Is a Highly Efficacious Vaccine SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE herpesvirus; poultry; BAC; vaccine; MEQ; MDV; oncogene ID STRAIN CVI 988; GLYCOPROTEIN-B; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTECTION; HERPESVIRUS; CHICKENS; DNA; TURKEYS; GENE; ENDONUCLEASE AB The Marek's disease virus (MDV) induces T-cell tumors in susceptible chickens. Of the 80 to 100 known MDV genes, only the MDV MEQ gene was shown to have transforming properties. Further evidence that MEQ is probably the principal oncogene in MDV came when researchers used overlapping cosmid clones of MDV and demonstrated that deleting MEQ resulted in a highly protective Marek's disease (MD) vaccine. We deleted both copies of MEQ from a bacterial artificial chromosome clone (BAC) of MDV. The virus, BACdelMEQ, was completely attenuated and did not appear to have any adverse effect on chicken body weight in MDV maternal-antibody-positive chickens, as measured at 8 wk of age. In two protection studies, BACdelMEQ efficiently protected susceptible chickens from a challenge by MDV strain 686, one of the most virulent MDV strains. In both protection studies, the BACdelMEQ protected chickens significantly better than the commercial MD vaccine, CVI988/Rispens. Only the protein-coding sequences of MEQ were deleted and all upstream and downstream regulatory sequences were left intact. Thus, BACdelMEQ has the potential to be a superior MD vaccine as well as a vector to deliver various foreign genes to poultry. C1 [Silva, Robert F.; Dunn, John R.; Cheng, Hans H.; Niikura, Masahiro] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Silva, RF (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM Bob.Silva@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 54 IS 2 BP 862 EP 869 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 618MC UT WOS:000279358500012 PM 20608531 ER PT J AU Fulton, RM Rimler, RB AF Fulton, R. M. Rimler, R. B. TI Epidemiologic Investigation of Riemerella anatipestifer in a Commercial Duck Company by Serotyping and DNA Fingerprinting SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Riemerella anatipestifer; duck; serotyping; DNA fingerprinting AB A commercial duck company that raises approximately two million Pekin ducks per year experienced an outbreak of Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) on nine farms over a 1-yr period. Owing to concerns that the bacteria was being spread from farm to farm, an investigation using serotyping and DNA fingerprinting was performed. The results revealed that there were three different strains of RA involved in the outbreak. One strain was spread from one farm to six other farms, while another strain from the same farm was spread to two other farms. These findings add additional proof of the value of DNA fingerprinting in disease outbreak investigations and further support the importance of implementing biosecurity protocols to stop the spread of disease-causing organisms. C1 [Fulton, R. M.] Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Diagnost Ctr Populat & Anim Hlth, Lansing, MI 48910 USA. [Fulton, R. M.] Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, Lansing, MI 48910 USA. [Rimler, R. B.] ARS, Avian & Swine Resp Dis Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Fulton, RM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Diagnost Ctr Populat & Anim Hlth, 4125 Beaumont Rd, Lansing, MI 48910 USA. EM fulton@dcpah.msu.edu NR 6 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 54 IS 2 BP 969 EP 972 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 618MC UT WOS:000279358500032 PM 20608551 ER PT J AU Arora, R Manisseri, C Li, CL Ong, MD Scheller, HV Vogel, K Simmons, BA Singh, S AF Arora, Rohit Manisseri, Chithra Li, Chenlin Ong, Markus D. Scheller, Henrik Vibe Vogel, Kenneth Simmons, Blake A. Singh, Seema TI Monitoring and Analyzing Process Streams Towards Understanding Ionic Liquid Pretreatment of Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Cellulase kinetics; Delignification; Ionic liquid; Pretreatment; Porosity; Surface area; Switchgrass ID DILUTE SULFURIC-ACID; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; CORN STOVER; CELLULOSIC ETHANOL; LIGNIN; ENHANCEMENT; SUGAR; LIGNOCELLULOSE; FERMENTATION; KINETICS AB Fundamental understanding of biomass pretreatment and its influence on saccharification kinetics, total sugar yield, and inhibitor formation is essential to develop efficient next-generation biofuel strategies, capable of displacing fossil fuels at a commercial level. In this study, we investigated the effect of residence time and temperature during ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment of switchgrass using 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate. The primary metrics of pretreatment performance are biomass delignification, xylan and glucan depolymerization, porosity, surface area, cellulase kinetics, and sugar yields. Compositional analysis and quantification of process streams of saccharides and lignin demonstrate that delignification increases as a function of pretreatment temperature and is hypothesized to be correlated with the apparent glass transition temperature of lignin. IL pretreatment did not generate monosaccharides from hemicellulose. Compared to untreated switchgrass, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of pretreated switchgrass increased by a factor of similar to 30, with a corresponding increase in saccharification kinetics of a factor of similar to 40. There is an observed dependence of cellulase kinetics with delignification efficiency. Although complete biomass dissolution is observed after 3 h of IL pretreatment, the pattern of sugar release, saccharification kinetics, and total sugar yields are strongly correlated with temperature. C1 [Li, Chenlin; Simmons, Blake A.; Singh, Seema] Sandia Natl Labs, Biomass Sci & Convers Technol Dept, Livermore, CA USA. [Arora, Rohit; Manisseri, Chithra; Li, Chenlin; Scheller, Henrik Vibe; Simmons, Blake A.; Singh, Seema] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Joint BioEnergy Inst, Phys Biosci Div, Emeryville, CA USA. [Ong, Markus D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Nanomat Dept, Livermore, CA USA. [Vogel, Kenneth] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Singh, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Biomass Sci & Convers Technol Dept, Livermore, CA USA. EM seesing@sandia.gov RI Scheller, Henrik/A-8106-2008; OI Scheller, Henrik/0000-0002-6702-3560; Li, Chenlin/0000-0002-0793-0505 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was part of the DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute (http://www.jbei.org) supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, through contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the US Department of Energy. The authors thank Drs. Patanjali Varanasi and Anthe George from the Joint BioEnergy Institute for their help with manuscript proofreading and their valuable comments. NR 41 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 3 IS 2 SI SI BP 134 EP 145 DI 10.1007/s12155-010-9087-1 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 607XV UT WOS:000278541500006 ER PT J AU Schmer, MR Mitchell, RB Vogel, KP Schacht, WH Marx, DB AF Schmer, M. R. Mitchell, R. B. Vogel, K. P. Schacht, W. H. Marx, D. B. TI Spatial and Temporal Effects on Switchgrass Stands and Yield in the Great Plains SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Switchgrass; Great Plains; Bioenergy; On-farm trials; Spatial variation; Temporal variation ID BIOMASS PRODUCTION; BIOENERGY CROP; TOPOGRAPHIC POSITION; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SOUTH-DAKOTA; SOIL; ESTABLISHMENT; POPULATIONS; ENVIRONMENT AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is being developed into a perennial, herbaceous, cellulosic feedstock crop for use in temperate regions of the USA. Information on spatial and temporal variation for stands and biomass yield among and within fields in large agroecoregions is not available. Spatial and temporal variation information is needed to model feedstock availability for biorefineries. In this 5-yr study, the spatial and temporal variation for biomass yield and stands was determined among and within 10 fields located in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska. Switchgrass fields were managed for bioenergy from 2000 to 2004 for the Nebraska locations and 2001 to 2005 for the South Dakota and North Dakota locations. A global positioning system (GPS) receiver was used to repeatedly measure within field quadrat sites for switchgrass stands using frequency grid (2.25 m(2)) measurements in June for five growing seasons. Sixteen quadrat (>= 1 m(2)) yield samples were taken post-killing frost in the establishment year and in August in subsequent years at each location. Topographic within field effects on switchgrass stand frequency and biomass yields were largely insignificant. Stands tended to increase from establishment year to year 3 and then begin to plateau. Weather factors, which were the principal source of temporal variation, were more important in switchgrass yield variation than on switchgrass stand frequencies. Temporal standard deviations for yield were higher on quadrat sites with higher than average field means while temporal standard deviations were smaller in quadrat sites that had lower than average field means at six locations. In the Northern Great Plains agroecoregion, there is greater temporal and spatial variation for switchgrass biomass yields among fields than within fields. Results indicate that modeling feedstock availability for a biorefinery can be based on field scale yields. C1 [Schmer, M. R.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Mitchell, R. B.; Vogel, K. P.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Schacht, W. H.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Marx, D. B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Schmer, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM marty.schmer@ars.usda.gov RI Schmer, Marty/H-3586-2011 NR 35 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 3 IS 2 SI SI BP 159 EP 171 DI 10.1007/s12155-009-9045-y PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 607XV UT WOS:000278541500008 ER PT J AU Shah, SN Sharma, BK Moser, BR Erhan, SZ AF Shah, Shailesh N. Sharma, Brajendra K. Moser, Bryan R. Erhan, Sevim Z. TI Preparation and Evaluation of Jojoba Oil Methyl Esters as Biodiesel and as a Blend Component in Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; Blends; Diesel; Jojoba oil; Simmondsia chinensis ID PETRODIESEL; ENGINE; FORMULATIONS; EMISSIONS; STABILITY; LUBRICITY AB jojoba plant (Simmondsia chinensis L.) produces seeds that contain around 50 to 60 wt.% of inedible long-chain wax esters that are suitable as a potential feedstock for biodiesel (BD) production. Jojoba oil methyl esters (JME) were prepared from acid-catalyzed pretreated jojoba oil in order to evaluate important fuel properties of jojoba-based BD, including kinematic viscosity, cloud point (CP), pour point (PP), cold filter plugging point (CFPP), acid value (AV), oxidative stability, and lubricity. A comparison was made with soybean oil methyl esters (SME) and relevant BD fuel standards such as ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. JME was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance. The CP, PP, and CFPP of JME were -13 degrees C, -16 degrees C, and -14 degrees C, respectively, which were superior to SME. The kinematic viscosity (40 degrees C) of JME was 6.67 mm(2)/s, which was higher than observed for SME. Blends (B5 and B20) of JME in ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel (ULSD) were also evaluated for the aforementioned fuel properties and compared to an analogous set of blends of SME in ULSD and relevant petro diesel fuel standards such as ASTM D975 and D7467. JME blends in ULSD displayed improved low-temperature properties in comparison to neat ULSD and blends of SME in ULSD. In summary, jojoba oil has potential as an alternative, nonfood feedstock for BD production. C1 [Shah, Shailesh N.; Sharma, Brajendra K.; Moser, Bryan R.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Sharma, Brajendra K.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Erhan, Sevim Z.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Shah, SN (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Shailesh.Shah@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 3 IS 2 SI SI BP 214 EP 223 DI 10.1007/s12155-009-9053-y PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 607XV UT WOS:000278541500013 ER PT J AU Cheng, LL Nechols, JR Margolies, DC Campbell, JF Yang, PS AF Cheng, Ling Lan Nechols, James R. Margolies, David C. Campbell, James F. Yang, Ping Shih TI Assessment of prey preference by the mass-produced generalist predator, Mallada basalis (Walker) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), when offered two species of spider mites, Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida and Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae), on papaya SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Mallada basalis; Tetranychus kanzawai; Panonychus citri; Prey choice; Feeding behavior; Feeding experience; Biological control ID METASEIULUS-OCCIDENTALIS; CHRYSOPERLA-RUFILABRIS; AGE STRUCTURE; COLEOPTERA; SIZE; COCCINELLIDAE; PHYTOSEIIDAE; HOMOPTERA; ALEYRODIDAE; RESISTANCE AB We investigated potential prey preference of the mass-produced generalist predator Mallada basalis (Walker) when offered two mites, Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida and Panonychus citri (McGregor), both important pests on papaya. Laboratory choice tests revealed that none of the three larval instars of M. basalis showed a preference for either species of mite or discriminated among the four mite life stages. Direct observations also showed that lacewing larvae mostly consumed whichever mite was encountered. Previous feeding experience on one mite species did not influence subsequent prey choice when lacewings were presented with both mite species. High acceptability of all life stages of both mite pests suggests that mass-produced M. basalis has potential as an effective biological control agent for T. kanzawai and P. citri when the two mites occur simultaneously or sequentially in papaya plantations. (c) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Cheng, Ling Lan; Nechols, James R.; Margolies, David C.; Campbell, James F.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Campbell, James F.] USDA ARS GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Yang, Ping Shih] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Entomol, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. RP Cheng, LL (reprint author), Taiwan Agr Res Inst, Div Appl Zool, 189 Chung Cheng Rd, Taichung 413, Taiwan. EM lcheng@tari.gov.tw RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 FU Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taiwan, ROC FX The authors are grateful to P. I. Nelson for assistance in statistical analyses, C. C. Chen for providing space and facilities, C. T. Lu for providing lacewing artificial diets, and S. L. Liu and G.Y. Liu for maintaining the arthropods and plants in the laboratory. The authors also thank B.P. McCornack and two anonymous reviewers for critically reviewing the manuscript. Voucher specimens (No. 2008-1-1) were deposited in the Insect and Mite Museum, Division of Applied Zoology, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute. This is Contribution No. 09-306-J of the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University, Manhattan. This study was supported by research grants from Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taiwan, ROC. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by Kansas State University, National Taiwan University, or the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2010 VL 53 IS 3 BP 267 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2010.02.006 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 581MY UT WOS:000276529000003 ER PT J AU Oi, DH Valles, SM Briano, JA AF Oi, David H. Valles, Steven M. Briano, Juan A. TI Laboratory host specificity testing of the fire ant microsporidian pathogen Vairimorpha invictae (Microsporidia: Burenellidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta; Red imported fire ant; Solenopsis geminata; Tropical fire ant; Solenopsis xyloni; Southern fire ant; Linepithema humile; Argentine ant; Entomopathogen; Microsporidia; Cross-fostering ID THELOHANIA-SOLENOPSAE MICROSPORIDIA; FORMICIDAE COLONIES; ARGENTINE ANTS; SOUTH-AMERICA; HYMENOPTERA; TRANSMISSION; COMPETITION; INFECTIONS; LARVAE; RANGE AB The host specificity of Vairimorpha invictae, a microsporidian pathogen of fire ants in South America, was assessed in the laboratory. Species evaluated included the tropical fire ant, Solenopsis geminata, the southern fire ant, Solenopsis xyloni, and the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile. The two fire ant species are native to North America. The Argentine ant is a widespread, exotic species that co-occurs with the native North American fire ants as well as with the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, and the black imported fire ant, Solenopsis richteri, in the US. Inoculations of V. invictae-infected S. invicta brood to laboratory colonies did not result in any infections of S. geminata, S. xyloni, or L. humile, while 60% of the S. invicta colonies developed infections. V. invictae was not detected in smaller groups of S. geminata and S. xyloni larvae that were tended by V. invictae-infected adult, S. invicta workers, but was detected in 40% of the S. invicta larval groups tended by infected workers. This was the first report of V. invictae transmission to larvae by infected adult worker ants. Exposure to V. invictae by contact with infected brood and workers partially emulated possible field interactions between infected and uninfected ant species. These results are congruent with previous field surveys which indicate that the host range of V. invictae is limited to fire ants of the Solenopsis saevissima species group. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Oi, David H.; Valles, Steven M.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Briano, Juan A.] USDA ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina. RP Oi, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM david.oi@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2010 VL 53 IS 3 BP 331 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.12.013 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 581MY UT WOS:000276529000013 ER PT J AU Ulyshen, MD Horn, S Hanula, JL AF Ulyshen, Michael D. Horn, Scott Hanula, James L. TI Response of beetles (Coleoptera) at three heights to the experimental removal of an invasive shrub, Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense), from floodplain forests SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Arthropods; Biodiversity; Bottomland hardwood forests; Insects; Non-native; Restoration; Temperate deciduous forests; Vertical distribution; Vertical stratification; Wetlands ID ABUNDANCE; ARTHROPODS AB Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense Lour.), an invasive shrub from Asia, is well established in the southeastern United States where it dominates many floodplain forests. We used flight intercept traps to sample beetles at three heights (0.5, 5 and 15 m) in similar to 2 ha plots in which L. sinense had (by chainsaws or mulching machine) or had not been removed from forests in northeastern Georgia. Removing L. sinense, particularly by machine, increased the richness and diversity of beetles and affected composition near the ground (0.5 m) but not in the forest canopy (15 m). There were no differences among treatments above the L. sinense canopy (5 m) aside from Xylosandrus crassiusculus, an exotic ambrosia beetle from Asia, dominating the beetle community at that height in control plots. Removing the L. sinense layer greatly increased beetle richness near the ground, resulting in vertical distribution patterns more similar to those observed in areas of forest devoid of L. sinense. We suspect that even organisms in the canopy will benefit from privet removal in the long term given that tree regeneration is nearly impossible in forests in which L. sinense has become well established. C1 [Ulyshen, Michael D.; Horn, Scott; Hanula, James L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Ulyshen, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mulyshen@hotmail.com FU USDA [R8-2005-01] FX We thank Stephanie Cahill for constructing the traps, MikeCody for assisting with fieldwork and Jared Swain for sorting samples. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. This research was supported by the USDA Forest Service Special Development Technology Program (Project Number R8-2005-01). NR 24 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JUN PY 2010 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1573 EP 1579 DI 10.1007/s10530-009-9569-2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 592VX UT WOS:000277410800015 ER PT J AU Ruesink, JL Hong, JS Wisehart, L Hacker, SD Dumbauld, BR Hessing-Lewis, M Trimble, AC AF Ruesink, Jennifer L. Hong, Jae-Sang Wisehart, Lorena Hacker, Sally D. Dumbauld, Brett R. Hessing-Lewis, Margot Trimble, Alan C. TI Congener comparison of native (Zostera marina) and introduced (Z. japonica) eelgrass at multiple scales within a Pacific Northwest estuary SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Seagrasses; Invasion; Life history; Estuary; Congener; Tidal elevation; Zostera marina; Zostera japonica; Willapa Bay; Washington; Darwin's naturalization hypothesis ID TEMPERATE SEAGRASS SYSTEM; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; INTERTIDAL SEAGRASSES; COASTAL ESTUARIES; WILLAPA BAY; WASHINGTON; GROWTH; USA; PRODUCTIVITY; KOREA AB A congener comparison of native (Zostera marina) and introduced (Zostera japonica) eelgrasses was conducted in Willapa Bay, Washington, USA. Along intertidal transects, Z. japonica (0.1-1.5 m above mean lower low water [MLLW]) occurred above Z. marina (< 0.6 m MLLW). Both species declined in shoot length at higher elevation, but Z. japonica was always shorter (20 vs. 100 cm) and occurred at higher shoot density (> 3,800 vs. < 360 m(-2) in Z. marina). Z. japonica exhibited greater seasonal variation in biomass, with increases supported by both sustained asexual reproduction (rhizome branching) and recruitment from seeds (30 vs. < 5% in Z. marina). Z. japonica's successful invasion appears related to small size and high reproductive output, allowing it to spread quickly in a variable and stressful intertidal environment where competitive effects are low. Based on interannual changes in abundance, the native eelgrass has also recently increased in Willapa Bay, and one hypothesis involves "engineering" of suitable habitat at higher tidal elevations by Z. japonica. C1 [Ruesink, Jennifer L.; Trimble, Alan C.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hong, Jae-Sang] Inha Univ, Dept Oceanog, Inchon 402751, South Korea. [Wisehart, Lorena; Hacker, Sally D.; Hessing-Lewis, Margot] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dumbauld, Brett R.] USDA ARS, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Ruesink, JL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM ruesink@u.washington.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2003-38500-13198]; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation FX We thank M. Briya, H. Ibrahim, T. Jones, M. Kavanaugh, J. Shaefers, R. Craig, S. Bradley, S. DeAmicis, and L. McCoy. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife provided temperature data and laboratory space for processing samples. The manuscript benefited from comments by an anonymous reviewer, J. Kaldy and P. Eldridge. The work reported in this publication was supported in part by the Western Regional Aquaculture Center through Grant No. 2003-38500-13198 from the United States Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. JLR and ACT were funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. NR 61 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JUN PY 2010 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1773 EP 1789 DI 10.1007/s10530-009-9588-z PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 592VX UT WOS:000277410800032 ER PT J AU Nielsen, FH AF Nielsen, Forrest H. TI Silicon Deprivation Does Not Significantly Modify the Acute White Blood Cell Response but Does Modify Tissue Mineral Distribution Response to an Endotoxin Challenge SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Silicon; Immune response; Lipopolysaccharide; Inflammation; Bone; Zinc; Iron; White blood cells; Minerals; Trace elements ID DIETARY SILICON; RATS; COLLAGEN; BONE; ALUMINUM; ARGININE; ACID AB An experiment with rats was conducted to determine whether silicon deprivation affects the acute-phase immune response to an endotoxin challenge. Weanling female rats were assigned to two weight-matched groups of 24; one group was fed a basal diet containing about 1.9 A mu g Si/kg; the other group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 35 A mu g Si/kg as arginine silicate inositol complex. After being fed their respective diets for 8 weeks, 12 rats in each group were injected subcutaneously with 1 mg lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/kg body weight; the other 12 rats in each group were injected with deionized water. Two hours after injection, the rats were anesthetized with ether for collection of blood (for plasma), liver and femurs, and then euthanized by decapitation. LPS injection decreased total white blood cell, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil counts by 80-90%, but did not affect neutrophil counts. LPS injection also increased plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha and osteopontin and decreased plasma hyaluronic acid. Silicon deprivation did not significantly affect any of these responses to LPS. Silicon in liver and silicon, iron, and zinc in femur were increased by LPS injection only in silicon-deprived rats. Silicon deprivation also increased monocyte counts and osteopontin and decreased femur zinc in rats not injected with LPS. The findings indicate that silicon deprivation does not affect the acute-immune phase decrease in inflammatory cell numbers and increase in inflammatory cytokines in response to an endotoxin challenge. Silicon deprivation, however, apparently causes slight chronic inflammation and might influence inflammatory cell proliferation in the chronic-phase inflammatory response. C1 ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Nielsen, FH (reprint author), ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, 2420 2nd Ave N Stop 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM forrest.nielsen@ars.usda.gov FU Nutrition 21, Inc. FX The author thanks Rhonda Poellot and Dale Christopherson for performing biochemical determinations, Denice Shafer and staff for the animal care, Jim Lindlauf for the animal diet preparation, Craig Lacher and staff for the mineral analyses, Sheila Bichler and LuAnn Johnson for the statistical analysis assistance, and Martha Haug for the secretarial assistance.; The author thanks Nutrition 21, Inc. for supplying the arginine silicon inositol complex and providing financial support for this study. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 135 IS 1-3 BP 45 EP 55 DI 10.1007/s12011-009-8489-4 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 590LM UT WOS:000277227600007 PM 19688189 ER PT J AU Durand, LAH Mesones, RV Nielsen, FH Gorustovich, AA AF Haro Durand, Luis A. Mesones, Rosa Vera Nielsen, Forrest H. Gorustovich, Alejandro A. TI Histomorphometric and Microchemical Characterization of Maturing Dental Enamel in Rats Fed a Boron-Deficient Diet SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Boron; Dental enamel; Histomorphometry; Hypoplasia ID TRACE-ELEMENTS; INCISOR; CALCIUM; CARIES; BONE; AMELOGENESIS; FLUORIDE; MATURATION; EVENTS; ORGAN AB Few reports are available in the literature on enamel formation under nutritional deficiencies. Thus, we performed a study to determine the effects of boron (B) deficiency on the maturing dental enamel, employing the rat continuously erupting incisor as the experimental model. Male Wistar rats, 21 days old, were used throughout. They were divided into two groups, each containing ten animals: +B (adequate; 3-mg B/kg diet) and -B (boron deficient; 0.07-mg B/kg diet). The animals were maintained on their respective diets for 14 days and then euthanized. The mandibles were resected, fixed, and processed for embedding in paraffin and/or methyl methacrylate. Oriented histological sections of the continuously erupting incisor were obtained at the level of the mesial root of the first molar, allowing access to the maturation zone of the developing enamel. Dietary treatment did not affect food intake and body weight. Histomorphometric evaluation using undecalcified sections showed a reduction in enamel thickness (hypoplasia), whereas microchemical characterization by energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry did not reveal alterations in enamel mineralization. C1 [Haro Durand, Luis A.; Gorustovich, Alejandro A.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Res Lab, Argentina Natl Res Council, Natl Atom Energy Commiss CNEA Reg Noroeste, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Mesones, Rosa Vera] Natl Univ Salta, Sch Nat Sci, Dept Dev Biol, Salta, Argentina. [Nielsen, Forrest H.] ARS, ARS Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Gorustovich, AA (reprint author), Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Res Lab, Argentina Natl Res Council, Natl Atom Energy Commiss CNEA Reg Noroeste, Av Reyes Catolicos 1617 6C,A4408KRE Salta, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM agorustovich@gmail.com FU US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service USDA, ARS [58-5450-4N-F038] FX This study was supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service USDA, ARS Extramural Agreement 58-5450-4N-F038.; The authors wish to acknowledge the technical assistance of Jim Lindlauf (USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center) for animal diet preparation, Lic. Pablo Do Campo (IByME-CONICET) with confocal laser scanning microscopy, and Ing. Pedro Villagr~n (LASEM-ANPCyT-UNSa-CONICET) with SEM-EDS. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 135 IS 1-3 BP 242 EP 252 DI 10.1007/s12011-009-8512-9 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 590LM UT WOS:000277227600024 ER PT J AU Hawkes, WC Alkan, Z AF Hawkes, Wayne Chris Alkan, Zeynep TI Regulation of Redox Signaling by Selenoproteins SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Selenium; Selenoprotein; Oxidation-reduction; Signaling ID HYDROPEROXIDE GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; DISULFIDE BOND FORMATION; KAPPA-B ACTIVATION; OXYGEN SPECIES PRODUCTION; COLON-CANCER CELLS; REACTIVE OXYGEN; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; S-GLUTATHIONYLATION; TRANSFER-RNA AB The unique chemistry of oxygen has been both a resource and threat for life on Earth for at least the last 2.4 billion years. Reduction of oxygen to water allows extraction of more metabolic energy from organic fuels than is possible through anaerobic glycolysis. On the other hand, partially reduced oxygen can react indiscriminately with biomolecules to cause genetic damage, disease, and even death. Organisms in all three superkingdoms of life have developed elaborate mechanisms to protect against such oxidative damage and to exploit reactive oxygen species as sensors and signals in myriad processes. The sulfur amino acids, cysteine and methionine, are the main targets of reactive oxygen species in proteins. Oxidative modifications to cysteine and methionine can have profound effects on a protein's activity, structure, stability, and subcellular localization. Non-reversible oxidative modifications (oxidative damage) may contribute to molecular, cellular, and organismal aging and serve as signals for repair, removal, or programmed cell death. Reversible oxidation events can function as transient signals of physiological status, extracellular environment, nutrient availability, metabolic state, cell cycle phase, immune function, or sensory stimuli. Because of its chemical similarity to sulfur and stronger nucleophilicity and acidity, selenium is an extremely efficient catalyst of reactions between sulfur and oxygen. Most of the biological activity of selenium is due to selenoproteins containing selenocysteine, the 21st genetically encoded protein amino acid. The most abundant selenoproteins in mammals are the glutathione peroxidases (five to six genes) that reduce hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides at the expense of glutathione and serve to limit the strength and duration of reactive oxygen signals. Thioredoxin reductases (three genes) use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate to reduce oxidized thioredoxin and its homologs, which regulate a plethora of redox signaling events. Methionine sulfoxide reductase B1 reduces methionine sulfoxide back to methionine using thioredoxin as a reductant. Several selenoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum are involved in the regulation of protein disulfide formation and unfolded protein response signaling, although their precise biological activities have not been determined. The most widely distributed selenoprotein family in Nature is represented by the highly conserved thioredoxin-like selenoprotein W and its homologs that have not yet been assigned specific biological functions. Recent evidence suggests selenoprotein W and the six other small thioredoxin-like mammalian selenoproteins may serve to transduce hydrogen peroxide signals into regulatory disulfide bonds in specific target proteins. C1 [Hawkes, Wayne Chris; Alkan, Zeynep] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hawkes, WC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM wayne.hawkes@ars.usda.gov; zeynep.alkan@ars.usda.gov NR 117 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 13 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 134 IS 3 BP 235 EP 251 DI 10.1007/s12011-010-8656-7 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 583VW UT WOS:000276709100001 PM 20306235 ER PT J AU Arora, A Dien, BS Belyea, RL Singh, V Tumbleson, ME Rausch, KD AF Arora, Amit Dien, Bruce S. Belyea, Ronald L. Singh, Vijay Tumbleson, M. E. Rausch, Kent D. TI Nutrient recovery from the dry grind process using sequential micro and ultrafiltration of thin stillage SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Corn; Ethanol; Thin stillage; Membrane filtration ID APPLE JUICE CLARIFICATION; CORN; MICROFILTRATION; FERMENTATION; MEMBRANES; FLOW AB The effectiveness of microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) for nutrient recovery from a thin stillage stream was determined. When a stainless steel MF membrane (0.1 mu m pore size) was used, the content of solids increased from 7.0% to 22.8% with a mean permeate flux rate of 45 L/m(2)/h (LMH), fat increased and ash content decreased. UF experiments were conducted in batch mode under constant temperature and flow rate conditions. Permeate flux profiles were evaluated for regenerated cellulose membranes (YM1. YM10 and YM100) with molecular weight cut offs of 1, 10 and 100 kDa. UF increased total solids, protein and fat and decreased ash in retentate stream. When permeate streams from MF were subjected to UF, retentate total solids concentrations similar to those of commercial syrup (23-28.8%) were obtained. YM100 had the highest percent permeate flux decline (70% of initial flux) followed by YM10 and YM1 membranes. Sequential filtration improved permeate flux rates of the YM100 membrane (32,6-73.4 LMH) but the percent decline was also highest in a sequential MF + YM100 system. Protein recovery was the highest in YM1 retentate. Removal of solids, protein and fat from thin stillage may generate a permeate stream that may improve water removal efficiency and increase water recycling. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Arora, Amit; Singh, Vijay; Tumbleson, M. E.; Rausch, Kent D.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Dien, Bruce S.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Belyea, Ronald L.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Rausch, KD (reprint author), Univ Illinois, 1304 W Penn Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM krausch@illinois.edu OI Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 101 IS 11 BP 3859 EP 3863 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.127 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 574OI UT WOS:000275999800009 PM 20138754 ER PT J AU Eberhardt, TL Catallo, WJ Shupe, TF AF Eberhardt, Thomas L. Catallo, W. James Shupe, Todd F. TI Hydrothermal transformation of Chinese privet seed biomass to gas-phase and semi-volatile products SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Lignin; Lipids; Hydrothermal; Hydrocarbons ID TREATED WOOD; ACETIC-ACID; LIGNIN; WASTE; CONVERSION; WATER; OIL AB Hydrothermal (HT) treatment of seeds from Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense), a non-native and invasive species in the southeastern United States, was examined with respect to the generation of gas-phase and semi-volatile organic chemicals of industrial importance from a lipid-rich biomass resource. Aqueous seed slurries were transformed into biphasic liquid systems comprised of a milky aqueous phase overlain by a black organic layer. Present in the headspace were elevated levels of CO(2) and acetic acid. Analysis of the semi-volatiles by GC-MS showed the formation of alkyl substituted benzenes, oxygenated cyclic alkenes, phenol, substituted phenolics, and alkyl substituted pyridines. Compared to immature seeds, mature seeds gave high relative amounts of oxygenated cyclic alkenes (cyclopentenones) and alkyl pyridines. The presence of fatty acids in the HT products likely resulted from both lipid hydrolysis reactions and the inherent stability of fatty acids under HT treatment conditions. Estimates of lignin and protein contents showed no definite trend that could be linked to the HT data. The proportion of aromatic HT products appeared to derive primarily from the proportion of extractives. Thus, variations in extractives yields impact HT product yields and thereby demonstrate the importance of timing in feedstock collection to favor targeted HT products. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Eberhardt, Thomas L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Catallo, W. James] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Comparat Biomed Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Shupe, Todd F.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Eberhardt, TL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM teberhardt@fs.fed.us NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 101 IS 11 BP 4198 EP 4204 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.064 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 574OI UT WOS:000275999800058 PM 20149648 ER PT J AU Igathinathane, C Davis, JD Purswell, JL Columbus, EP AF Igathinathane, C. Davis, J. D. Purswell, J. L. Columbus, E. P. TI Application of 3D scanned imaging methodology for volume, surface area, and envelope density evaluation of densified biomass SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 3D scanning; Cubes; Densified biomass; Density; Physical property ID PELLETS AB Measurement of volume, surface area, and density is an essential for quantifying, evaluating, and designing the biomass densification, storage, and transport operations. Acquiring accurate and repeated measurements of these parameters for hygroscopic densified biomass are not straightforward and only a few methods are available. A 3D laser scanner was used as a measurement device and the 3D images were analyzed using image processing software. The validity of the method was verified using reference objects of known geometry and the accuracy obtained was in excess of 98%. Cotton gin trash briquettes, switchgrass pellets, switchgrass cubes, hardwood pellets, and softwood chips were tested. Most accurate results of the volume and surface area required the highest possible resolution of the scanner, which increased the total scan-process times, and image file size. Physical property determination using the 3D scanning and image analysis is highly repeatable (coefficient of variation <0.3%), non-invasive, accurate, and alternative methodology. The various limitations and merits of the developed method were also enumerated. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Igathinathane, C.; Davis, J. D.; Columbus, E. P.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Igathinathane, C.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Purswell, J. L.] USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39768 USA. RP Davis, JD (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, 130 Creelman St, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jdavis@abe.msstate.edu OI Cannayen, Igathinathane/0000-0001-8884-7959 FU Sustainable Energy Research Center; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG36-6GO86025] FX This research was supported by the Sustainable Energy Research Center and the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station at Mississippi State University with funds provided by the U.S. Department of Energy under Award No. DE-FG36-6GO86025. This support is highly appreciated. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 101 IS 11 BP 4220 EP 4227 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.140 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 574OI UT WOS:000275999800061 PM 20137915 ER PT J AU Lee, JW Rodrigues, RCLB Kim, HJ Choi, IG Jeffries, TW AF Lee, Jae-Won Rodrigues, Rita C. L. B. Kim, Hyun Joo Choi, In-Gyu Jeffries, Thomas W. TI The roles of xylan and lignin in oxalic acid pretreated corncob during separate enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Saccharification; Cellulosic ethanol; Optimization; Pichia stipitis; Enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation ID SACCHARIFICATION; ENVIRONMENT; SOFTWOOD; ENERGY; DECAY AB High yields of hemicellulosic and cellulosic sugars are critical in obtaining economical conversion of agricultural residues to ethanol. To optimize pretreatment conditions, we evaluated oxalic acid loading rates, treatment temperatures and times in a 2(3) full factorial design. Response-surface analysis revealed an optimal oxalic acid pretreatment condition to release sugar from the cob of Zea mays L ssp. and for Pichia stipitis CBS 6054. To ferment the residual cellulosic sugars to ethanol following enzymatic hydrolysis, highest saccharification and fermentation yields were obtained following pretreatment at 180 degrees C for 50 min with 0.024 g oxalic acid/g substrate. Under these conditions, only 7.5% hemicellulose remained in the pretreated substrate. The rate of cellulose degradation was significantly less than that of hemicellulose and its hydrolysis was not as extensive. Subsequent enzymatic saccharification of the residual cellulose was strongly affected by the pretreatment condition with cellulose hydrolysis ranging between 26.0% and 76.2%. The residual xylan/lignin ratio ranged from 0.31 to 1.85 depending on the pretreatment condition. Fermentable sugar and ethanol were maximal at the lowest ratio of xylan/lignin and at high glucan contents. The model predicts optimal condition of oxalic acid pretreatment at 168 degrees C, 74 min and 0.027 g/g of oxalic acid. From these findings, we surmised that low residual xylan was critical in obtaining maximal glucose yields from saccharification. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jeffries, Thomas W.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Lee, Jae-Won; Kim, Hyun Joo] Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Forest Prod & Technol, Program BK21, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Rodrigues, Rita C. L. B.] Univ Sao Paulo, EEL, DEBIQ, BR-12600970 Lorena, SP, Brazil. [Choi, In-Gyu] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Forest Sci, Seoul 151921, South Korea. RP Jeffries, TW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM twjeffri@wisc.edu RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 FU Ministry of Education [CRADA 08-RD-11111126-007]; CNPq, Brazil [200702/2006-8] FX This work was supported by the Ministry of Education's BK21 program and by EdeniQ under CRADA 08-RD-11111126-007 with the Forest Products Laboratory. Rita de C.L.B. Rodrigues gratefully acknowledges financial support by CNPq, Brazil, grant number 200702/2006-8. The authors thank Frederick J. Matt of the Analytical Chemistry and Microscopy Laboratory of the USDA Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) for carrying out the carbohydrate determination, Diane Dietrich (FPL) for conducting HMF and furfural analysis, and Steve Verrill (FPL) for helping with statistical analysis. NR 23 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 101 IS 12 BP 4379 EP 4385 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.112 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 579MI UT WOS:000276374500018 PM 20188541 ER PT J AU Taylor, F Marquez, MA Johnston, DB Goldberg, NM Hicks, KB AF Taylor, Frank Marquez, Marco A. Johnston, David B. Goldberg, Neil M. Hicks, Kevin B. TI Continuous high-solids corn liquefaction and fermentation with stripping of ethanol SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bioethanol; Gas stripping; Yeast nutrients; CO(2); Nitrogen AB Removal of ethanol from the fermentor during fermentation can increase productivity and reduce the costs for dewatering the product and coproduct. One approach is to recycle the fermentor contents through a stripping column, where a non-condensable gas removes ethanol to a condenser. Previous research showed that this approach is feasible. Savings of $0.03 per gallon were predicted at 34% corn dry solids. Greater savings were predicted at higher concentration. Now the feasibility has been demonstrated at over 40% corn dry solids, using a continuous corn liquefaction system. A pilot plant, that continuously fed corn meal at more than one bushel (25 kg) per day, was operated for 60 consecutive days, continuously converting 95% of starch and producing 88% of the maximum theoretical yield of ethanol. A computer simulation was used to analyze the results. The fermentation and stripping systems were not significantly affected when the CO(2) stripping gas was partially replaced by nitrogen or air, potentially lowering costs associated with the gas recycle loop. It was concluded that previous estimates of potential cost savings are still valid. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Taylor, Frank; Johnston, David B.; Goldberg, Neil M.; Hicks, Kevin B.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Marquez, Marco A.] Praxair Inc, Tonawanda, NY 14150 USA. RP Taylor, F (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM frank.taylor@ars.usda.gov FU USDA DOE FX This work was sponsored in part by a grant from the USDA DOE Biomass R&D Program to ADM Research, Decatur, IL, ADM Alliance Nutrition, Decatur, IN, and USDA-ARS-ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA in 2003 for "Biomass Research and Development for the Production of Fuels. Chemicals and Cattle Feed." NR 18 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 101 IS 12 BP 4403 EP 4408 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.092 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 579MI UT WOS:000276374500021 PM 20153178 ER PT J AU Li, XJ Cai, ZY Winandy, JE Basta, AH AF Li, Xianjun Cai, Zhiyong Winandy, Jerrold E. Basta, Altaf H. TI Selected properties of particleboard panels manufactured from rice straws of different geometries SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rice straw; Particleboard; Urea-formaldehyde; Polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate ID UF-BONDED REED; WHEAT-STRAW; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; DENSITY; FIBERBOARD; WOOD; CONSTRUCTION; PERFORMANCE; COMPOSITE; MECHANISM AB The objective is to evaluate the primary mechanical and physical properties of particleboard made from hammer-milled rice straw particles of six different categories and two types of resins. The results show the performance of straw particleboards is highly dependent upon the straw particle size controlled by the opening size of the perforated plate inside the hammer-mill. The static bending and internal bonding strength of polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) resin-bonded boards initially increase then decrease with decreased particle size. The thickness swelling, water absorption, and linear expansion of particleboards decrease with increasing particle size. Compared with pMDI resin-bonded panels, the rice straw particleboard bonded using urea-formaldehyde resin exhibits much poorer performance. The optimized panel properties, obtained when using 4% pMDI and straw particles hammer milled with a 3.18 mm opening perforated plate, exceeded the M-2 specification of American National Standard for Wood Particleboard. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Li, Xianjun; Cai, Zhiyong] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Li, Xianjun] Cent S Univ Forestry & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Sch, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Winandy, Jerrold E.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Basta, Altaf H.] Natl Res Ctr, Cellulose & Paper Dept, Cairo 12622, Egypt. RP Cai, ZY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM lxjmu@yahoo.cn; zcai@fs.fed.us; jwinandy@umn.edu; altaf_basta@yahoo.com OI Basta, Altaf/0000-0002-4030-8486; Basta, Altaf/0000-0003-1876-4378 NR 27 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 101 IS 12 BP 4662 EP 4666 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.053 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 579MI UT WOS:000276374500056 PM 20153181 ER PT J AU Rieman, BE Hessburg, PF Luce, C Dare, MR AF Rieman, Bruce E. Hessburg, Paul F. Luce, Charles Dare, Matthew R. TI Wildfire and Management of Forests and Native Fishes: Conflict or Opportunity for Convergent Solutions? SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE wildfire; native fishes; fuels management; restoration ecology; conservation biology ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; RESTORATION ECOLOGY; FUELS MANAGEMENT; TRADE-OFFS; FIRE; ECOSYSTEMS; SCIENCE; SALMON; POPULATIONS AB Wildfire is a critical land management issue in the western United States. Efforts to mitigate the effects of altered fire regimes have led to debate over ecological restoration versus species conservation framed at the conjuncture of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and their respective management regimes. Fire-related management activities may disrupt watershed processes and degrade habitats of sensitive fishes. However, the restoration of forest structure, process, and functionality, including more natural fire regimes, might also benefit longer-term habitat complexity and the persistence of species and populations that are now only remnants of once-larger and more diverse habitat networks. Common language, clear communication of goals and objectives, and spatially explicit analyses of objectives will help identify conflicts and convergences of opportunities to enable more collaborative management. We explore this integration in the context of native fisheries and wildfire, but expect the approach to be relevant in other settings as well. C1 [Rieman, Bruce E.; Luce, Charles; Dare, Matthew R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Aquat Sci Lab, Boise, ID USA. [Hessburg, Paul F.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Wenatchee, WA USA. RP Rieman, BE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Aquat Sci Lab, Seeley Lake, MT USA. EM brieman@blackfoot.net RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662 FU US Department of Agriculture; US Department of Interior Joint Fire Sciences Program FX We thank Brian Riggers, Scott Tomson, Jason Dunham, and numerous colleagues in the Forest Service Boise Aquatic Sciences Laboratory for discussions that helped frame this manuscript. Dona Horan helped produce the figures. The final manuscript was improved through comment from three anonymous reviewers. The initiative for this article was first spawned through discussions in a workshop sponsored by the US Department of Agriculture, US Department of Interior Joint Fire Sciences Program. NR 48 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JUN PY 2010 VL 60 IS 6 BP 460 EP 468 DI 10.1525/bio.2010.60.6.10 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 605OG UT WOS:000278356300009 ER PT J AU Bischoff, KM Liu, SQ Hughes, SR Rich, JO AF Bischoff, Kenneth M. Liu, Siqing Hughes, Stephen R. Rich, Joseph O. TI Fermentation of corn fiber hydrolysate to lactic acid by the moderate thermophile Bacillus coagulans SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Bacillus coagulans; Corn fiber; Fermentation; Lactic acid ID L(+)-LACTIC ACID; BACTERIA; SACCHARIFICATION; INHIBITORS; ENZYMES; GROWTH; LIME AB A strain of Bacillus coagulans that converted mixed sugars of glucose, xylose, and arabinose to l-lactic acid with 85% yield at 50A degrees C was isolated from composted dairy manure. The strain was tolerant to aldehyde growth inhibitors at 2.5 g furfural/l, 2.5 g 5-hydroxymethylfurfural/l, 2.5 g vanillin/l, and 1.2 g p-hydroxybenzaldehyde/l. In a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process, the strain converted a dilute-acid hydrolysate of 100 g corn fiber/l to 39 g lactic acid/l in 72 h at 50A degrees C. Because of its inhibitor tolerance and ability to fully utilize pentose sugars, this strain has potential to be developed as a biocatalyst for the conversion of agricultural residues into valuable chemicals. C1 [Bischoff, Kenneth M.; Liu, Siqing; Hughes, Stephen R.; Rich, Joseph O.] ARS, USDA, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Bischoff, KM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kenneth.bischoff@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 32 IS 6 BP 823 EP 828 DI 10.1007/s10529-010-0222-z PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 592WA UT WOS:000277411100013 PM 20155485 ER PT J AU Bushman, BS Bhattarai, K Johnson, DA AF Bushman, B. Shaun Bhattarai, Kishor Johnson, Douglas A. TI Population structures of Astragalus filipes collections from western North America SO BOTANY-BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE Astragalus filipes; basalt milkvetch; restoration legumes; population structure; AFLP ID SIMILARITY INDEX; GREAT-BASIN; RESTORATION; AFLP; DNA; RESPONSES; GENETICS; FABACEAE; CLIMATE; MARKERS AB The majority of species used for revegetation in semi-arid western rangelands of North America are grasses, with few forbs and nearly no legumes. Astragalus filipes (Ton. Ex A. Gray) is a western North American legume and a promising candidate for use in rangeland revegetation, but assessments of plant species diversity and structure are necessary to determine which collections should be used to constitute a conservation unit or regional seed source. To address this issue, we characterized within-collection genetic diversity, identified genetically differentiated groups, and tested genetic correlations with environmental variables on 67 collections of A. filipes. Within-population genetic diversity was greatest for collections in Oregon and lowest for collections in British Columbia and central Nevada. Five genetically differentiated groups were detected: one with strong support from central Nevada, one with strong support from British Columbia. and three with weak support comprising all other collections throughout Oregon. Washington, California. Idaho. and Nevada. Although there was significant correlation between genetic and linear geographic distance matrices, there was no correlation between genetic and phenotypic, elevation, temperature, or precipitation distance matrices. These results show that geographic distance contributes to genetic differentiation, and that structured populations have occurred in northernmost and southernmost groups of collections of A. filipes. C1 [Bushman, B. Shaun; Johnson, Douglas A.] USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Bhattarai, Kishor] Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Climate, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Bushman, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, 695 North 1100 East, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Shaun.bushman@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of the Interior-Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Department of Agriculture - Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station FX We acknowledge the financial support of the U.S. Department of the Interior-Bureau of Land Management Great Basin Native Plant Selection and Increase Project and the U.S. Department of Agriculture - Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by USDA or the authors and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of the other products that also may be suitable. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1916-2790 J9 BOTANY JI Botany PD JUN PY 2010 VL 88 IS 6 BP 565 EP 574 DI 10.1139/B10-033 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 628GK UT WOS:000280102600003 ER PT J AU Zhurbenko, M Dillman, K AF Zhurbenko, Mikhail Dillman, Karen TI Polycoccum hymeniicola comb. nov (Dacampiaceae) and other interesting lichenicolous fungi from southeastern Alaska SO BRYOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Abrothallus; Paranectria; temperate rainforest; Tongass National Forest ID NORTH-AMERICA AB The new combination Polycoccum hymeniicola is introduced and a description of this insufficiently known fungus provided. This species and Chalara lobariae, Merismatium nigritellum, and Niesslia lobariae are new to North America. Arthrorhaphis aeruginosa, Lichenopuccinia poeltii, Opegrapha sphaerophoricola, and Roselliniella cladoniae are new to Alaska. Specimens of Abrothallus sp. with associated conidiomata on Erioderma sorediatum and of Paranectria cf. alstrupii on Fuscopannaria laceratula are discussed. C1 [Zhurbenko, Mikhail] VL Komarov Bot Inst, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. [Dillman, Karen] US Forest Serv, Petersburg, AK 99833 USA. RP Zhurbenko, M (reprint author), VL Komarov Bot Inst, Prof Popov 2, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. EM mzhurb@gmail.com RI Zhurbenko, Mikhail/I-2555-2016 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER BRYOLOGICAL LICHENOLOGICAL SOC INC PI OMAHA PA C/O DR ROBERT S EGAN, SEC-TRES, ABLS, UNIV NEBRASKA OMAHA, DEPT BIOLOGY, OMAHA, NE 68182-0040 USA SN 0007-2745 J9 BRYOLOGIST JI Bryologist PD SUM PY 2010 VL 113 IS 2 BP 260 EP 266 DI 10.1639/0007-2745-113.2.260 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 625CK UT WOS:000279869600005 ER PT J AU Witmer, GW Eisemann, JD Primus, TM O'Hare, JR Perry, KR Elsey, RM Trosclair, PL AF Witmer, Gary W. Eisemann, John D. Primus, Thomas M. O'Hare, Jeanette R. Perry, Kelly R. Elsey, Ruth M. Trosclair, Phillip L., III TI Assessing Potential Risk to Alligators, Alligator mississippiensis, from Nutria Control with Zinc Phosphide Rodenticide Baits SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alligator; Nutria; Residues; Zinc phosphide AB Nutria, Myocastor coypus, populations must be reduced when they cause substantial wetland damage. Control can include the rodenticide zinc phosphide, but the potential impacts to American alligators, Alligator mississippiensis, must be assessed. The mean amount of zinc phosphide per nutria found in nutria carcasses was 50 mg. Risk assessment determined that a conservative estimate for maximum exposure would be 173 mg zinc phosphide for a 28 kg alligator, or 6.2 mg/kg. Probit analysis found an LD(50) for alligators of 28 mg/kg. Our studies suggest that the use of zinc phosphide to manage nutria populations would pose only a small risk to alligators. C1 [Witmer, Gary W.; Eisemann, John D.; Primus, Thomas M.; O'Hare, Jeanette R.] APHIS Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Perry, Kelly R.] APHIS Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Elsey, Ruth M.; Trosclair, Phillip L., III] Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Grand Chenier, LA 70643 USA. RP Witmer, GW (reprint author), APHIS Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Gary.W.Witmer@aphis.usda.gov FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries FX We acknowledge the support and assistance provided by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. Dwight LeBlanc, Louisiana State Director of USDA/APHIS Wildlife Services, provided invaluable assistance. Funding was provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. Helpful reviews of an earlier draft were provided by Michael Fall, Susan Jojola, and Dale Nolte. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 84 IS 6 BP 698 EP 702 DI 10.1007/s00128-010-9974-3 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 608HF UT WOS:000278573500011 PM 20431861 ER PT J AU Riddick, EW AF Riddick, Eric Wellington TI Ectoparasitic mite and fungus on an invasive lady beetle: parasite coexistence and influence on host survival SO BULLETIN OF INSECTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coccipolipus hippodamiae; Hesperomyces virescens; horizontal transmission; Harmonia axyridis; multicolored Asian lady beetle; harlequin ladybird; natural enemies; symbionts ID HARMONIA-AXYRIDIS PALLAS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASE; HESPEROMYCES-VIRESCENS LABOULBENIALES; INTEGRATED PEST-MANAGEMENT; SOYBEAN APHID PREDATORS; ADALIA-BIPUNCTATA; COCCIPOLIPUS-EPILACHNAE; THAXTER LABOULBENIALES; UNITED-STATES; COCCINELLIDAE AB This study documents the interaction of two coccinellid-specific ectoparasites, a podapolipid mite Coccipolipus hippodamiae (McDaniel et Morrill) and a laboulbenialean fungus Hesperomyces virescens Thaxter with the lady beetle Harmonia axyridis (Pallas). The study objectives were to (1) determine the prevalence and intensity of both parasites and (2) predict the influence of parasitism on host survival during the winter season. The prevalence of mite and fungus in host aggregations ranged from 3.2 to 17.4% and 3.6 to 43.5%, respectively, in winter aggregations in five different locations in Mississippi, southeastern USA, from 2007-2009. The mite colonized the subelytral space of male and female H. axyridis. Mite intensity was greatest on fungus-infected beetles, especially females. Fungus intensity was greatest on the abdomen of H. axyridis males that harbored mites than those that did not. H. axyridis adults (particularly males) infected with the mite and fungus or the fungus alone had lower survival rates, under simulated winter conditions, than those not infected with any parasites. This research documents the parasitic mite C. hippodamiae infecting H. axyridis under natural field conditions for the first time anywhere in the world. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Biol Control Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Riddick, EW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Biol Control Lab, 59 Lee Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM eric.riddick@ars.usda.gov OI riddick, eric/0000-0002-4795-961X NR 53 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 21 PU ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, UNIV BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA DEPT AGROENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY, VIALE G FANIN, 42, BOLOGNA, 40127, ITALY SN 1721-8861 J9 B INSECTOL JI Bull. Insectology PD JUN PY 2010 VL 63 IS 1 BP 13 EP 20 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 603PR UT WOS:000278221000002 ER PT J AU Riddick, EW Cottrell, TE AF Riddick, Eric W. Cottrell, Ted E. TI Is the prevalence and intensity of the ectoparasitic fungus Hesperomyces virescens related to the abundance of entomophagous coccinellids? SO BULLETIN OF INSECTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Laboulbeniaceae; Coccinellidae; horizontal transmission; ectoparasite; symbionts ID HARMONIA-AXYRIDIS COLEOPTERA; LADY BEETLE COLEOPTERA; THAXTER LABOULBENIALES; PARASITIC FUNGUS; UNITED-STATES; DENSITY; SEPTEMPUNCTATA; TRANSMISSION; AGGREGATION; INFECTION AB Hesperomyces virescens Thaxter is an obligate ectoparasitic fungus that parasitizes coccinellids in several countries. It transmits horizontally between coccinellid adults via social contact. The relative abundance of coccinellids M an agroecosystem may affect the transmission dynamics of H. virescens. We predicted that the prevalence and intensity of H. virescens would be greatest on the more abundant coccinellid species. We collected lady beetles from plant foliage in a 480 ha agroecosystem in Byron, Georgia, USA, from April through October 2007. The prevalence and intensity of the parasite was greatest on Harmonia axyridis (Pallas). which was the most abundant coccinellid collected in early spring and summer. There was a positive relationship between parasite infection of the exotic H. axyridis and the native Olla v-nigrum Mulsant; parasite infection increased as relative abundance of both species increased. The parasite was seldom on one of its original hosts. Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, and never on the exotic Coccinella septempunctata L. even though the latter species was the second most abundant coccinellid in the agroecosystem. Lack of infection of an abundant coccinellid such as C. septempunctata could result from low encounter rates and not just low susceptibility to infection. H. virescens transmission may vary depending on frequency of contact between infected and uninfected coccinellids in shared habitats. C1 [Riddick, Eric W.] ARS, USDA, Natl Biol Control Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Cottrell, Ted E.] ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Riddick, EW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Biol Control Lab, 59 Lee Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM eric.riddick@ars.usda.gov; ted.cottrell@ars.usda.gov OI riddick, eric/0000-0002-4795-961X NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, UNIV BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA DEPT AGROENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY, VIALE G FANIN, 42, BOLOGNA, 40127, ITALY SN 1721-8861 J9 B INSECTOL JI Bull. Insectology PD JUN PY 2010 VL 63 IS 1 BP 71 EP 78 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 603PR UT WOS:000278221000010 ER PT J AU Liu, ZS Rempel, GL AF Liu, Z. S. Rempel, G. L. TI KINETIC STUDY OF HYDROGEN TRANSFER FROM BENZYL ALCOHOL TO ALIPHATIC ALDEHYDES CATALYSED BY HETEROGENISED RUTHENIUM(II) CATALYSTS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE hydrogen transfer; benzyl alcohol; aldehydes; ruthenium; heterogeneous catalysts ID SWELLABLE POLYMER MATRICES; AQUEOUS SODIUM FORMATE; AROMATIC-ALDEHYDES; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; COMPLEXES; REDUCTION; OLEFINS; KETONES; RHODIUM; IRIDIUM AB Aliphatic aldehydes were reduced to corresponding alcohols by transfer hydrogenation in the presence of Ru(II) complexes bound to swellable polymer matrices Benzyl alcohol was used as hydrogen donor because of its strong hydrogen donor ability The kinetics of the reaction has been measured between 100 and 140 degrees C The results showed that reaction rate depended on the structure of aldehydes and concentrations of aldehyde Also reaction rate depended on the concentration of hydrogen donor, and on the amount of catalyst The reaction proceeded efficiently in halogenated hydrocarbon solvents The metal leaching was different for different catalytic runs and it was most pronounced in the first catalytic run. The observed activation energy, E(a) = 18 +/- 1 kcal/mol was obtained, suggested that process in predominantly chemically controlled reaction A general reaction mechanism and rate equation have been proposed C1 [Liu, Z. S.; Rempel, G. L.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Liu, ZS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-4034 J9 CAN J CHEM ENG JI Can. J. Chem. Eng. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 88 IS 3 BP 376 EP 383 DI 10.1002/cjce.20324 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 609ON UT WOS:000278666500010 ER PT J AU Kayihan, GC Nelson, CD Huber, DA Amerson, HV White, TL Davis, JM AF Kayihan, Goegce C. Nelson, C. Dana Huber, Dudley A. Amerson, Henry V. White, Timothy L. Davis, John M. TI Clonal evaluation for fusiform rust disease resistance: effects of pathogen virulence and disease escape SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID F-SP FUSIFORME; LOBLOLLY-PINE; ASSOCIATION GENETICS; SLASH PINES; MAJOR GENE; FUNGUS; INOCULATION; EXPRESSION; DEPLOYMENT; FAMILIES AB We evaluated the precision of phenotypic classification for fusiform rust resistance of Pinus taeda L. in a clonally propagated population segregating for the pathotype-specific resistance gene Fr1. In all marker-defined Fr1/fr1 clones screened with low complexity or ambient inoculum, marker-trait cosegregation was complete with no exceptions. Uncommon exceptions (4 of 30) in which marker-defined Fr1/fr1 clones screened with high complexity inoculum were diseased were probably due to a low frequency of spores virulent to Fr1 resistance. Marker-trait cosegregation for fr1/fr1 clones was less reliable, as all ramets of a few clones (5 of 29, 3 of 25, and 4 of 16) remained disease-free with low complexity, high complexity, or ambient inoculum, respectively. We termed disease-free fr1/fr1 ramets "escapes'', since the genetics of the host-pathogen interaction predicted them to be diseased. For nonmarker-defined materials, we considered escapes to be disease-free ramets within clones that had at least one diseased ramet. Narrow-sense heritability estimates for escape rate were 29% and 23% for the low and high complexity inocula, respectively, suggesting that genetic variation in the host is an important component of this resistance mechanism. C1 [Davis, John M.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Plant Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kayihan, Goegce C.; Huber, Dudley A.; White, Timothy L.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Nelson, C. Dana] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, USDA, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. [Amerson, Henry V.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Davis, JM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Plant Mol & Cellular Biol Program, 118 Newins Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jmdavis@ufl.edu FU USDA-CSREES-IFAFS [2001-52100-11315] FX The work was supported by USDA-CSREES-IFAFS (grant 2001-52100-11315) with kind contributions from the Forest Biology Research Cooperative at the University of Florida. We thank Carol Young (retired, US Forest Service, Resistance Screening Center), Kathy Smith (Southern Institute of Forest Genetics), and Chris Dervinis (University of Florida) for technical assistance; Chuck Burdine (Southern Institute of Forest Genetics) for collecting simple sequence repeat marker data; and Dr. Robert Schmidt (retired, University of Florida) for providing inoculum and helpful discussions. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1042 EP 1050 DI 10.1139/X10-045 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 616QX UT WOS:000279225000004 ER PT J AU Hofmeyer, PV Seymour, RS Kenefic, LS AF Hofmeyer, Philip V. Seymour, Robert S. Kenefic, Laura S. TI Production ecology of Thuja occidentalis SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CONTORTA VAR LATIFOLIA; NORTHERN WHITE-CEDAR; LEAF-AREA EFFICIENCY; GROWTH EFFICIENCY; DOUGLAS-FIR; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; STAND STRUCTURE; ABIES-BALSAMEA; STEM GROWTH; VOLUME INCREMENT AB Equations to predict branch and tree leaf area, foliar mass, and stemwood volume were developed from 25 destructively sampled northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) trees, a species whose production ecology has not been studied. Resulting models were applied to a large sample of 296 cored trees from 60 sites stratified across a soil gradient throughout northern Maine. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to assess alternative forms of the relationship between volume increment (VINC) and projected leaf area (PLA); analysis of covariance was used compare stemwood growth efficiency (GE) among soil-site classes, light exposure classes, and the presence of decay. Stem volume was estimated with Honer's equation (T. G. Honer. 1967. Forest Management Research and Services Institute) with refitted parameters. PLA was best predicted with Maguire and Bennett's nonlinear model (D. A. Maguire and W. S. Bennett. 1996. Can. J. For. Res. 26: 1991-2005) using sapwood area or crown length and the ratio of tree height to diameter at breast height. A sigmoid model form captured the relationship between VINC and PLA more precisely and with less bias than the simple power function; this implies that the relationship between GE and PLA reaches a peak rather than decreases monotonically. At PLAs > 50 m(2), GE gradually declined with increasing crown size and was significantly influenced by site and light exposure. With PLA, site, and light held constant, decayed trees had a significantly lower (by 11%) GE than sound stems, a finding not previously reported for other tree species. C1 [Seymour, Robert S.] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Hofmeyer, Philip V.] Morrisville State Coll, Sch Agr & Nat Resources, Morrisville, NY 13408 USA. [Kenefic, Laura S.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Bradley, ME 04411 USA. RP Seymour, RS (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM rseymour@maine.edu RI Kenefic, Laura/H-3177-2014 FU University of Maine's Cooperative Forestry Research Unit; Maibec Industries, Inc. in St-Pamphile, Quebec; University of Maine, School of Forest Resources FX Funding for this study was provided by the University of Maine's Cooperative Forestry Research Unit; Maibec Industries, Inc. in St-Pamphile, Quebec; and the University of Maine, School of Forest Resources. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 22 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1155 EP 1164 DI 10.1139/X10-070 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 616QX UT WOS:000279225000013 ER PT J AU Janisiewicz, WJ Buyer, JS AF Janisiewicz, Wojciech J. Buyer, Jeffrey S. TI Culturable bacterial microflora associated with nectarine fruit and their potential for control of brown rot SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; carposphere microflora; resident microflora; stone fruits; postharvest biocontrol ID POSTHARVEST BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BLUE MOLD; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; YEAST ANTAGONISTS; APPLES; BIOCONTROL; PEAR; POPULATION; PATHOGENS AB La microflore presente a la surface des fruits a ete la meilleure source de composes antagonistes de champignons qui responsables du pourrissement apres la recolte. Cependant, il n'existe que peu d'information sur la microflore qui colonise les surfaces de la nectarine, du stade precoce de developpement du fruit jusqu'a sa recolte. L'identification de souches bacteriennes a ete realisee a l'aide des systemes MIDI (analyse de esters methylique d'acides gras) et Biolog. Le Biolog a permis d'identifier 35 % des souches, alors que le MIDI en a identifie 53%; les resultats du MIDI ont donc ete utilises pour determiner la frequence des genres et des especes. Les genres les plus frequemment retrouves sont Curtobacterium (21,31 %), suivi de Pseudomonas (19,99 %), Microbacterium (13,57 %), Clavibacter (9,69 %), Pantoea (6,59 %), et Enterobacter (4,26 %). La frequence d'isolement de quelques bacteries, les pseudomonades principales (Pseudomonas syringae, Pseudomonas putida et Pseudomonas savastonoi) ou Pantoea agglomerans, par exemple, tend a decliner en fonction du developpement du fruit. Au fil du declin de Pseudomonas, Curtobacterium devient davantage dominant. La periode d'isolement constituait un facteur significatif de la frequence des differentes bacteries, indiquant une succession de genres. Un criblage a haut debit des souches bacteriennes Monilinia fruticola presentes sur la nectarine a resulte en la detection de souches capables de controler la pourriture brune. Les 10 meilleures souches antagonistes ont ete soumises a un deuxieme criblage. Quatre souches ont reduit la severite de la pourriture par plus de 50 % (51,7 % a 91,4 % de reduction) a une concentration elevee d'inoculation de pathogene de 10(5) conidies/mL. C1 [Janisiewicz, Wojciech J.] ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Buyer, Jeffrey S.] ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Janisiewicz, WJ (reprint author), ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, USDA, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM wojciech.janisiewicz@ars.usda.gov OI Buyer, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2098-0547 NR 35 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 19 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 EI 1480-3275 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 56 IS 6 BP 480 EP 486 DI 10.1139/W10-031 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 630OQ UT WOS:000280283300004 PM 20657618 ER PT J AU Leith, KF Bowerman, WW Wierda, MR Best, DA Grubb, TG Sikarske, JG AF Leith, Katherine F. Bowerman, William W. Wierda, Michael R. Best, Dave A. Grubb, Teryl G. Sikarske, James G. TI A comparison of techniques for assessing central tendency in left-censored data using PCB and p,p ' DDE contaminant concentrations from Michigan's Bald Eagle Biosentinel Program SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Kaplan-Meier; Substitution; Outliers; Multiple imputation; Non-detect ID ENVIRONMENTAL DATA; DATA SETS; VALUES; DIOXIN AB Monitoring of contaminants in the environment is an important part of understanding the fate of ecosystems after a chemical insult. Frequently, such monitoring efforts result in datasets with observations below the detection limit (DL) that are reported as 'non-detect' or '50%) means that even growing populations are less likely to recover from periodic fluctuations. The overall risk posed by trampling will depend on whether cutthroat trout populations face concurrent threats that have already reduced their abundance and resilience. Biologists can potentially use the egg-to-fry model and thermograph data to identify dates when limiting cattle presence in or near stream habitats would likely reduce mortality from trampling. Evaluation of grazing policies on federal lands may be needed to ensure that species conservation and land use concerns are equitably balanced. C1 [Peterson, Douglas P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Rieman, Bruce E.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Young, Michael K.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Brammer, James A.] USDA Forest Serv, Dillon, MT 59725 USA. RP Peterson, DP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 585 Shepard Way, Helena, MT 59601 USA. EM doug_peterson@fws.gov FU U.S. Forest Service, Region 1 FX Kate Walker of the U.S. Forest Service, Region 1, secured funding for this project. Robert Van Kirk, David Turner, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful suggestions that improved the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or U.S. Forest Service. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 20 IS 4 BP 954 EP 966 DI 10.1890/09-0679.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 611ZV UT WOS:000278865200005 PM 20597282 ER PT J AU West, TO Brandt, CC Baskaran, LM Hellwinckel, CM Mueller, R Bernacchi, CJ Bandaru, V Yang, B Wilson, BS Marland, G Nelson, RG Ugarte, DGD Post, WM AF West, Tristram O. Brandt, Craig C. Baskaran, Latha M. Hellwinckel, Chad M. Mueller, Richard Bernacchi, Carl J. Bandaru, Varaprasad Yang, Bai Wilson, Bradly S. Marland, Gregg Nelson, Richard G. Ugarte, Daniel G. De La Torre Post, Wilfred M. TI Cropland carbon fluxes in the United States: increasing geospatial resolution of inventory-based carbon accounting SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE agriculture; cropland data layer; fossil fuel emissions; land cover; land management; moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS); net carbon flux; net primary production; satellite remote sensing; soil carbon ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; ORGANIC-CARBON; DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; SOIL; SEQUESTRATION; AGRICULTURE; INFORMATION; MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEM; TILLAGE AB Net annual soil carbon change, fossil fuel emissions from cropland production, and cropland net primary production were estimated and spatially distributed using land cover defined by NASA's moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) and by the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) cropland data layer (CDL). Spatially resolved estimates of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) were developed. The purpose of generating spatial estimates of carbon fluxes, and the primary objective of this research, was to develop a method of carbon accounting that is consistent from field to national scales. NEE represents net on-site vertical fluxes of carbon. NECB represents all on-site and off-site carbon fluxes associated with crop production. Estimates of cropland NEE using moderate resolution (similar to 1 km(2)) land cover data were generated for the conterminous United States and compared with higher resolution (30-m) estimates of NEE and with direct measurements of CO(2) flux from croplands in Illinois and Nebraska, USA. Estimates of NEE using the CDL (30-m resolution) had a higher correlation with eddy covariance flux tower estimates compared with estimates of NEE using MODIS. Estimates of NECB are primarily driven by net soil carbon change, fossil fuel emissions associated with crop production, and CO(2) emissions from the application of agricultural lime. NEE and NECB for U.S. croplands were -274 and 7 Tg C/yr for 2004, respectively. Use of moderate- to high-resolution satellite-based land cover data enables improved estimates of cropland carbon dynamics. C1 [West, Tristram O.; Baskaran, Latha M.; Bandaru, Varaprasad; Yang, Bai; Marland, Gregg; Post, Wilfred M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Brandt, Craig C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hellwinckel, Chad M.; Wilson, Bradly S.; Ugarte, Daniel G. De La Torre] Univ Tennessee, Agr Policy Anal Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Mueller, Richard] Natl Agr Stat Serv, USDA, Div Res & Dev, Spatial Anal Res Sect, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Bernacchi, Carl J.] Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Nelson, Richard G.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP West, TO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM westto@ornl.gov RI Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; West, Tristram/C-5699-2013; Baskaran, Latha/D-9754-2016; OI West, Tristram/0000-0001-7859-0125; Baskaran, Latha/0000-0001-8487-3914; Bernacchi, Carl/0000-0002-2397-425X FU U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Earth Science Division; Department of Energy Consortium for Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX We appreciate Tilden Myers and Shashi Verma for providing eddy flux tower data for the Bondville, Illinois, site and for the Mead, Nebraska, sites, respectively, via the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, AmeriFlux Network internet site. We gratefully acknowledge the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Earth Science Division, and the Department of Energy Consortium for Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 41 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 35 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 20 IS 4 BP 1074 EP 1086 DI 10.1890/08-2352.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 611ZV UT WOS:000278865200014 PM 20597291 ER PT J AU Cavaleri, MA Oberbauer, SF Clark, DB Clark, DA Ryan, MG AF Cavaleri, Molly A. Oberbauer, Steven F. Clark, David B. Clark, Deborah A. Ryan, Michael G. TI Height is more important than light in determining leaf morphology in a tropical forest SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE foliar morphology; leaf mass per area; light environment; shade leaves; specific leaf area; sun leaves; tropical rain forest; turgor pressure; vertical gradient; water potential ID PHOTON FLUX-DENSITY; TREE HEIGHT; RAIN-FOREST; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; DECIDUOUS FOREST; NITROGEN-CONTENT; SHADE TOLERANCE; ACER-SACCHARUM; FOLIAR CARBON; PICEA-ABIES AB Both within and between species, leaf physiological parameters are strongly related to leaf dry mass per area (LMA, g/m(2)), which has been found to increase from forest floor to canopy top in every forest where it has been measured. Although vertical LMA gradients in forests have historically been attributed to a direct phenotypic response to light, an increasing number of recent studies have provided evidence that water limitation in the upper canopy can constrain foliar morphological adaptations to higher light levels. We measured height, light, and LMA of all species encountered along 45 vertical canopy transects across a Costa Rican tropical rain forest. LMA was correlated with light levels in the lower canopy until approximately 18 m sample height and 22% diffuse transmittance. Height showed a remarkably linear relationship with LMA throughout the entire vertical canopy profile for all species pooled and for each functional group individually (except epiphytes), possibly through the influence of gravity on leaf water potential and turgor pressure. Models of forest function may be greatly simplified by estimating LMA-correlated leaf physiological parameters solely from foliage height profiles, which in turn can be assessed with satellite-and aircraft-based remote sensing. C1 [Cavaleri, Molly A.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Oberbauer, Steven F.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Oberbauer, Steven F.] Fairchild Trop Bot Garden, Miami, FL 33156 USA. [Clark, David B.; Clark, Deborah A.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Ryan, Michael G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Ryan, Michael G.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ryan, Michael G.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Cavaleri, MA (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM mollycavaleri@gmail.com RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [ATM-0223284] FX This paper is based on support from the U.S. National Science Foundation ATM-0223284. We thank Rudy King for help with statistical analysis and Paulo Olivas, Harlyn Ordonez, and the Towers field and lab crews for invaluable field assistance. NR 51 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 40 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUN PY 2010 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1730 EP 1739 DI 10.1890/09-1326.1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 611YB UT WOS:000278859700018 PM 20583714 ER PT J AU McClintock, BT Nichols, JD Bailey, LL MacKenzie, DI Kendall, WL Franklin, AB AF McClintock, Brett T. Nichols, James D. Bailey, Larissa L. MacKenzie, Darryl I. Kendall, William. L. Franklin, Alan B. TI Seeking a second opinion: uncertainty in disease ecology SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Host and pathogen dynamics; imperfect detection; incidence; misclassification; observation error; occupancy; presence-absence; prevalence; spatial epidemiology; species occurrence ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; INFLUENZA-A VIRUS; BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS; AVIAN INFLUENZA; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; BOREAL TOADS; WILD BIRDS; PREVALENCE AB Analytical methods accounting for imperfect detection are often used to facilitate reliable inference in population and community ecology. We contend that similar approaches are needed in disease ecology because these complicated systems are inherently difficult to observe without error. For example, wildlife disease studies often designate individuals, populations, or spatial units to states (e.g., susceptible, infected, post-infected), but the uncertainty associated with these state assignments remains largely ignored or unaccounted for. We demonstrate how recent developments incorporating observation error through repeated sampling extend quite naturally to hierarchical spatial models of disease effects, prevalence, and dynamics in natural systems. A highly pathogenic strain of avian influenza virus in migratory waterfowl and a pathogenic fungus recently implicated in the global loss of amphibian biodiversity are used as motivating examples. Both show that relatively simple modifications to study designs can greatly improve our understanding of complex spatio-temporal disease dynamics by rigorously accounting for uncertainty at each level of the hierarchy. C1 [McClintock, Brett T.; Nichols, James D.; Kendall, William. L.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Bailey, Larissa L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [MacKenzie, Darryl I.] Proteus Wildlife Res Consultants, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Franklin, Alan B.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP McClintock, BT (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM brett.mcclintock@gmail.com RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009 FU U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. We thank Ian Goudie for helpful discussions on technical aspects of this work. NR 81 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 11 U2 66 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 13 IS 6 BP 659 EP 674 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01472.x PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 598VL UT WOS:000277867100001 PM 20426794 ER PT J AU Cox, CL Stanhope, KL Bremer, AA Keim, NL Havel, PJ AF Cox, C. L. Stanhope, K. L. Bremer, A. A. Keim, N. L. Havel, P. J. TI Consuming Fructose-, but Not Glucose-, Sweetened Beverages Increases Fasting Concentrations of MCP-1 in Older, Overweight/Obese Men and Women. SO ENDOCRINE REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 92nd Meeting and Expo of the Endocrine Society (ENDO 2010) CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP Endocrine Society C1 [Cox, C. L.; Stanhope, K. L.; Bremer, A. A.; Havel, P. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Keim, N. L.] USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0163-769X J9 ENDOCR REV JI Endocr. Rev. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 31 IS 3 SU 1 BP S29 EP S29 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 652FV UT WOS:000281989400029 ER PT J AU Stanhope, KL Bremer, AA Keim, NL Chen, GX Fong, T Lee, VI Menorca, RI Nakajima, K Havel, PJ AF Stanhope, K. L. Bremer, A. A. Keim, N. L. Chen, G. X. Fong, T. Lee, V. I. Menorca, R. I. Nakajima, K. Havel, P. J. TI Consuming Fructose-, or HFCS-, but Not Glucose-Sweetened Beverages for 2 Weeks Increases Nighttime Triglyceride and Fasting LDL and Apolipoprotein-B (apoB) Concentrations in Young Men and Women. SO ENDOCRINE REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 92nd Meeting and Expo of the Endocrine Society (ENDO 2010) CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP Endocrine Society C1 [Stanhope, K. L.; Bremer, A. A.; Chen, G. X.; Fong, T.; Lee, V. I.; Menorca, R. I.; Havel, P. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Keim, N. L.] USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. [Nakajima, K.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0163-769X J9 ENDOCR REV JI Endocr. Rev. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 31 IS 3 SU 1 BP S34 EP S34 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 652FV UT WOS:000281989400034 ER PT J AU Araujo, AB Chiu, GR Harris, SS AF Araujo, A. B. Chiu, G. R. Harris, S. S. TI Vitamin D Status and Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength and Physical Function in a Diverse Sample of Men. SO ENDOCRINE REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 92nd Meeting and Expo of the Endocrine Society (ENDO 2010) CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP Endocrine Society C1 [Araujo, A. B.; Chiu, G. R.] New England Res Inst, Watertown, MA 02172 USA. [Harris, S. S.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0163-769X J9 ENDOCR REV JI Endocr. Rev. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 31 IS 3 SU 1 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 652FV UT WOS:000281989401154 ER PT J AU Menorca, RI Stanhope, KL Griffen, SC Nakajima, K Keim, NL Schaefer, EJ Bremer, AA Schwarz, JM Havel, PJ AF Menorca, R. I. Stanhope, K. L. Griffen, S. C. Nakajima, K. Keim, N. L. Schaefer, E. J. Bremer, A. A. Schwarz, J. M. Havel, P. J. TI Comparison of the Effects of Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors on the Changes of TG and Cholesterol Content in VLDL and LDL Subfractions after 10 Weeks of Fructose Consumption in Older Overweight/Obese Adults. SO ENDOCRINE REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 92nd Meeting and Expo of the Endocrine Society (ENDO 2010) CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP Endocrine Society C1 [Menorca, R. I.; Stanhope, K. L.; Griffen, S. C.; Bremer, A. A.; Havel, P. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Nakajima, K.; Schaefer, E. J.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Keim, N. L.] USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. [Schwarz, J. M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0163-769X J9 ENDOCR REV JI Endocr. Rev. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 31 IS 3 SU 1 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 652FV UT WOS:000281989401511 ER PT J AU Shen, CL Cao, JJ Yeh, JK AF Shen, C. L. Cao, J. J. Yeh, J. K. TI Osteoprotective Effect of Alfacalcidol in Female Rats with Systemic Chronic Inflammation. SO ENDOCRINE REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 92nd Meeting and Expo of the Endocrine Society (ENDO 2010) CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP Endocrine Society C1 [Shen, C. L.] Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. [Cao, J. J.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Yeh, J. K.] Winthrop Univ Hosp, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0163-769X J9 ENDOCR REV JI Endocr. Rev. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 31 IS 3 SU 1 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 652FV UT WOS:000281989402193 ER PT J AU Shankar, K Kang, P Harrell, A Zhong, Y Marecki, JC Ronis, MJJ Badger, TM AF Shankar, Kartik Kang, Ping Harrell, Amanda Zhong, Ying Marecki, John C. Ronis, Martin J. J. Badger, Thomas M. TI Maternal Overweight Programs Insulin and Adiponectin Signaling in the Offspring SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT; ACID SYNTHASE GENE; HIGH-FAT DIET; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; RECEPTOR-ALPHA; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; PPAR-ALPHA; LIPID-METABOLISM; CHRONIC ETHANOL AB Gestational exposure to maternal overweight (OW) influences the risk of obesity in adult life. Male offspring from OW dams gain greater body weight and fat mass and develop insulin resistance when fed high-fat diets (45% fat). In this report, we identify molecular targets of maternal OW-induced programming at postnatal d 21 before challenge with the high-fat diet. We conducted global transcriptome profiling, gene/protein expression analyses, and characterization of downstream signaling of insulin and adiponectin pathways in conjunction with endocrine and biochemical characterization. Offspring born to OW dams displayed increased serum insulin, leptin, and resistin levels (P < 0.05) at postnatal d 21 preceding changes in body composition. A lipogenic transcriptome signature in the liver, before development of obesity, was evident in OW-dam offspring. A coordinated locus of 20 sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1-regulated target genes was induced by maternal OW. Increased nuclear levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 and recruitment to the fatty acid synthase promoter were confirmed via ELISA and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses, respectively. Higher fatty acid synthase and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase protein and pAKT (Thr(308)) and phospho-insulin receptor-beta were confirmed via immunoblotting. Maternal OW also attenuated AMP kinase/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha signaling in the offspring liver, including transcriptional down-regulation of several peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha-regulated genes. Hepatic mRNA and circulating fibroblast growth factor-21 levels were significantly lower in OW-dam offspring. Furthermore, serum levels of high-molecular-weight adiponectin (P < 0.05) were decreased in OW-dam offspring. Phosphorylation of hepatic AMP-kinase (Thr(172)) was significantly decreased in OW-dam offspring, along with lower AdipoR1 mRNA. Our results strongly suggest that gestational exposure to maternal obesity programs multiple aspects of energy-balance regulation in the offspring. (Endocrinology 151: 2577-2589, 2010) C1 [Shankar, Kartik; Kang, Ping; Harrell, Amanda; Zhong, Ying; Marecki, John C.; Ronis, Martin J. J.; Badger, Thomas M.] USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Shankar, Kartik; Ronis, Martin J. J.; Badger, Thomas M.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Shankar, Kartik; Marecki, John C.; Ronis, Martin J. J.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Badger, Thomas M.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Shankar, K (reprint author), USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, 15 Childrens Way,Slot 512-20B, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM ShankarKartik@uams.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R01-DK084225]; U.S. Department of Agriculture-ARS CRIS (Agricultural Research Service-Current Research Information System) [6251-51000-005-00D] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant R01-DK084225 (to K. S.) and U.S. Department of Agriculture-ARS CRIS (Agricultural Research Service-Current Research Information System) 6251-51000-005-00D. NR 63 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 11 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD JUN PY 2010 VL 151 IS 6 BP 2577 EP 2589 DI 10.1210/en.2010-0017 PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 599XY UT WOS:000277948800020 PM 20371699 ER PT J AU Bischoff-Ferrari, HA AF Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A. TI Vitamin D and Fracture Prevention SO ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Vitamin D; Falls; Bone density; Fractures; Supplementation; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D ID RANDOMIZED-CONTROLLED-TRIALS; HIP FRACTURE; SERUM 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; ELDERLY-WOMEN; OLDER-ADULTS; BONE LOSS; RISK; FALLS; METAANALYSIS AB This article discusses the amount of vitamin D supplementation needed and the desirable 25-hydroxyvitamin D level to be achieved for optimal fracture prevention. C1 [Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A.] Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Rheumatol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A.] Univ Zurich Hosp, Inst Med Phys, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A.] Univ Zurich, Ctr Aging & Mobil, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Bischoff-Ferrari, HA (reprint author), Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Rheumatol, Gloriastr 25, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. EM Heike.Bischoff@usz.ch NR 32 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 7 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0889-8529 EI 1558-4410 J9 ENDOCRIN METAB CLIN JI Endocrinol. Metabol. Clin. North Amer. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 39 IS 2 BP 347 EP + DI 10.1016/j.ecl.2010.02.009 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 621MY UT WOS:000279584200010 PM 20511056 ER PT J AU Hammack, L Pikul, JL West, MS AF Hammack, Leslie Pikul, Joseph L., Jr. West, Mark S. TI Phenology and Abundance of Bean Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Eastern South Dakota on Alfalfa and Soybean Relative to Tillage, Fertilization, and Yield SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cerotoma trifurcata; population dynamics; seasonal abundance ID CEROTOMA-TRIFURCATA COLEOPTERA; NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; POD MOTTLE VIRUS; NITROGEN RELATIONS; PREDICTIVE MODEL; INSECT INJURY; PLANTING DATE; CENTRAL IOWA; SURVIVAL; DEFOLIATION AB Phenology and abundance of bean leaf beetles, Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster), were examined throughout two eastern South Dakota growing seasons in relation to grain yields in chisel- and ridge-tilled soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] grown in 2-yr rotation with corn (Zea mays L.) with and without added nitrogen (N). Populations were also sampled early and late season in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Beetles were present in alfalfa by late May and most were reproductively active within a week, but their presence in alfalfa did not always precede soybean emergence. Most beetles taken from alfalfa in late fall were teneral; all were previtellogenic and unmated. Reproductively active beetles were detected in soybeans as soon as seedlings emerged. A partial second generation apparently occurred each year. First-generation beetles started to emerge in soybean fields during the first or third week of July but, whether emergence started early or late, most beetles emerging after July seemingly failed to mature their eggs and started leaving soybeans within several weeks of eclosion. This pattern suggested that any second generation arose from only the earliest emerging beetles of the first generation, with later emerging individuals having to overwinter before reproducing. Thus, any factors delaying emergence of the first generation, such as delayed soybean planting, could potentially limit its reproductive capacity through winter mortality. Cumulative seasonal beetle counts were lower in N-treated subplots and in ridge-tilled compared with chisel-tilled plots. Soybean grain yield increased with decreases in peak abundance of first-generation beetles and with N fertilization. C1 [Hammack, Leslie; Pikul, Joseph L., Jr.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [West, Mark S.] USDA ARS, No Plains Area Off, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hammack, L (reprint author), 13786 Thomas Pl, Keystone, SD 57751 USA. EM hammackl@mt-rushmore.net NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 39 IS 3 BP 727 EP 737 DI 10.1603/EN09153 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 605AH UT WOS:000278319100001 PM 20550786 ER PT J AU Phoofolo, MW Giles, KL Elliott, NC AF Phoofolo, Mpho W. Giles, Kristopher L. Elliott, Norman C. TI Effects of Relay-Intercropping Sorghum With Winter Wheat, Alfalfa, and Cotton on Lady Beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Abundance and Species Composition SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE relay-intercropping; Coccinellidae; aphids; sorghum; biological control ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; GRAIN-SORGHUM; NATURAL ENEMIES; GREENBUGS HOMOPTERA; LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; INSECT PREDATORS; PEST-MANAGEMENT; APHIS-GOSSYPII; PREY; DIVERSITY AB Creating conditions that enhance the abundance of resident populations of natural enemies in agroecosystems is considered critical to the efficiency of biological control of insect pests. We conducted a study to determine the potential of relay-intercropping for enhancing the abundance of aphidophagous lady beetles in sorghum. A relay-intercropping system consisting of alfalfa, winter wheat, and cotton as intercrops and sorghum as a main crop was compared with sorghum monoculture plots at two study sites in OK from 2003 to 2006. Lady beetles and aphids were sampled throughout the season using sticky traps and field counts on individual sorghum plants. Results from sticky traps and field counts show that differences in abundance and species composition of lady beetles between intercropped and monoculture sorghum were not statistically different during each year of study. Also, the lady beetle-greenbug ratios in relay-intercropped and monoculture plots were not significantly different. Lack of significant effects of relay-intercropping in our study may have been attributable to the confounding effects of spatial and temporal scale and the low number of aphids and other alternative prey in the intercrops compared with high incidence of corn leaf aphids in sorghum early in the season. C1 [Giles, Kristopher L.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Phoofolo, Mpho W.] Natl Univ Lesotho, Dept Biol, Roma, Lesotho. [Elliott, Norman C.] USDA ARS, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Giles, KL (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM kris.giles@okstate.edu FU USDA-ARS [0500-00044-012-04S]; [OKLO2334]; [OKLO2455] FX C. Greenwood and E. Rebek critically reviewed the early version of this manuscript and M. Payton provided statistical counseling. D. Kastl, A. Kelley, R. Elliott, K. Mullins, T. Johnson, and V. Catana contributed technical assistance. This work was approved for publication by the Director of the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station and was supported in part under Projects OKLO2334, OKLO2455, and the USDA-ARS Areawide Pest Management Program (Project 0500-00044-012-04S). NR 62 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 30 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 39 IS 3 BP 763 EP 774 DI 10.1603/EN09122 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 605AH UT WOS:000278319100004 PM 20550789 ER PT J AU Cooper, WR Rieske, LK AF Cooper, W. Rodney Rieske, Lynne K. TI Gall Structure Affects Ecological Associations of Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE American chestnut; Chinese chestnut; chestnut weevil; Torymus sinensis; Ormyrus labotus ID YASUMATSU HYMENOPTERA; AMERICAN CHESTNUT; INSECT GALLS; WASP; COMMUNITY; OAK; POPULATION; PARASITOIDS; MORPHOLOGY; EMERGENCE AB Gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) induce structures (galls) on their host plants that house developing wasps and provide them with protection from natural enemies. The Asian chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, is an invasive pest that is destructive to chestnut (Castanea spp.). An improved understanding of the interactions among D. kuriphilus, its host, and its natural enemies is critical for the development of effective management strategies against this pest. The objective of our study was to evaluate the D. kuriphilus community interactions, and relate these interactions to variations among gall traits. Galls were collected from four locations throughout the eastern United States from May (gall initiation) through August (after gall wasp emergence), and January. Gall characteristics (volume, weight, and schlerenchyma layer thickness), gall inhabitants (D. kuriphilus, parasitoids, and chamber fungi), and other community associates (insect herbivores and lesions thought to be caused by endophytes) were evaluated and correlated using canonical correlation analyses. The primary mortality factors for D. kuriphilus were parasitism, gall chamber-invading fungi, and failure of adult gall wasps to emerge. Larger gall size and thicker schlerenchyma layers surrounding the larval chambers were negatively correlated with parasitoids and chamber fungi, indicating these gall traits are important defenses. External fungal lesions and insect herbivory were positively correlated with the absence of D. kuriphilus within galls. This study provides support for the protective role of cynipid galls for the gall inducer, identifies specific gall traits that influence gall wasp mortality, and improves our knowledge of D. kuriphilus ecology in North America. C1 [Cooper, W. Rodney] ARS, USDA, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. [Rieske, Lynne K.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Cooper, WR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, 17053 N Shafter Ave, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. EM rodney.cooper@ars.usda.gov RI Cooper, William/D-3205-2017 FU Northern Nut Growers Association; American Chestnut Foundation; Kentucky Agricultural Experimental Station [09-08-088] FX We thank Fred Hebard (American Chestnut Foundation), Steve Hartman, Edgar Stehli, and Bob Stehli for plant material. Melanie Antonik, Fabrice Curtis, and Luke Dodd provided assistance with gall collections and dissections. This work was supported by the Northern Nut Growers Association, American Chestnut Foundation, and McIntire Stennis funds from the Kentucky Agricultural Experimental Station, and is published as Experiment Station Project 09-08-088. NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 26 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 39 IS 3 BP 787 EP 797 DI 10.1603/EN09382 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 605AH UT WOS:000278319100006 PM 20550791 ER PT J AU Cook, SP Shirley, BM Zambino, PJ AF Cook, Stephen P. Shirley, Brian M. Zambino, Paul J. TI Nitrogen Concentration in Mountain Pine Beetle Larvae Reflects Nitrogen Status of the Tree Host and Two Fungal Associates SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus; Ophiostoma; nitrogen fertilization; temperature; symbiotic fungi ID DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE COLEOPTERA; OPHIOSTOMA-CLAVIGERUM; FERTILIZATION; CERATOCYSTIS; SCOLYTIDAE; SYMBIONT; MONTIUM; ATTACK; FLOW AB Individual lodgepole pines (Pious conform) were fertilized with urea at nitrogen (N) inputs equivalent to 0, 315, or 630 kg/ha Four months after application of the fertilizer, inner bark tissue N concentrations were significantly higher in the trees that had received the low dose (315 kg/ha) fertilization treatment than in the control trees; trees that had received the high-dose treatment (630 kg/ha) were intermediate and not significantly different from either of the other treatments. There was a significant positive correlation between N concentration in inner bark tissue and larval mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera Curculionidae, Scolytinae). In vitro studies on synthetic growth media examined effects of temperature and N concentration on N concentration of two common fungal associates of the mountain pine beetle (Ophiostoma clavigerum and Ophiostoma montium). Increasing N concentration in growth media significantly increased fungal N concentrations in both O. clavigerum and O. montium. Furthermore, N concentration was consistently higher in O. clavigerum than in O. montium. Neither species had sufficient growth at 30 degrees C, nor did O. clavigerum at 15 degrees C, to test N concentration. However, for O. montium, increasing temperatures decreased fungal N concentrations. There was no correlation between N concentration of O. clavigerum and growth temperature. Potential impacts of ingestion of the fungal species by developing mountain pine beetle larvae-infesting trees under various environmental conditions such as increasing temperatures are discussed. C1 [Cook, Stephen P.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Cook, Stephen P.; Shirley, Brian M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Zambino, Paul J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, San Bernardino, CA 92408 USA. RP Cook, SP (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM stephenc@uidaho.edu FU McIntire-Stennis project; National Science Foundation; University of Idaho FX We thank the University of Idaho's Experimental Forest and the Craig Mountain Wildlife Management Area (Idaho Department of Fish and Game) for allowing us to conduct experimental work on these sites. Ned Klopfenstein, Mee-Sook Kim, John Hanna, Kendra Schotzko, Ashley Lange, and Bethany Muffley all helped in various stages of conducting the work. We received recommendations and assistance in applying the fertilization treatments from the Intermountain Forest Tree Nutrition Cooperative. Voucher specimens have beets placed in the William Barr Entomological Museum at the University of Idaho. This work was supported in part through a McIntire-Stennis project, a National Science Foundation-Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research grant, and the University of Idaho. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 39 IS 3 BP 821 EP 826 DI 10.1603/EN09305 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 605AH UT WOS:000278319100009 PM 20550794 ER PT J AU Balciunas, J Mehelis, C Van Der Westhuizen, L Neser, S AF Balciunas, Joe Mehelis, Chris Van Der Westhuizen, Liame Neser, Stefan TI Laboratory Host Range of Parafreutreta regalis (Diptera: Tephritidae), a Candidate Agent for Biological Control of Cape-Ivy SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE weed biological control; Senecio mikanioides; German ivy; host specificity; nontarget impacts ID EFFICACY ASSESSMENT AB Cape-ivy (Delairea odorata Lamaire) is an ornamental vine that has escaped into natural areas in many countries and become a serious pest. It is native to the eastern part of South Africa, and surveys there located several potential biological control agents for this weed. One of these is Parafreutreta regalis Munro, a tephritid fly that causes large galls to form on the stems of the vine. In a collaborative effort, we began to evaluate, in both California and South Africa, the host range of this fly. Between the two locations, we tested 93 plant species and 2 varieties of Cape-ivy to see if, after being exposed to four pairs of flies for a week, any galls would develop on them. No galls were formed on any of the test species, although an average of six galls developed on each of the Cape-ivy controls. We also tested to see whether P. regalis showed any preference for either of the two varieties of Cape-ivy. There was no significant difference between the numbers of galls forming on the stipulate or astipulate varieties. Our tests indicate that this fly is essentially monospecific. Earlier research had shown that P. regalis galls cause a significant reduction in the height and nongall biomass of Cape-ivy. A petition has been submitted to initiate the process of obtaining permission to release P. regalis in California to control the Cape-ivy infestations there. C1 [Balciunas, Joe; Mehelis, Chris] ARS, USDA, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Van Der Westhuizen, Liame; Neser, Stefan] ARC Plant Protect Res Inst, Weeds Res Div, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. RP Balciunas, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM joehike@gmail.com NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 39 IS 3 BP 841 EP 848 DI 10.1603/EN08220 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 605AH UT WOS:000278319100012 PM 20550797 ER PT J AU Romero, SA Campbell, JF Nechols, JR With, KA AF Romero, Susan A. Campbell, James F. Nechols, James R. With, Kimberly A. TI Movement Behavior of Red Flour Beetle: Response to Habitat Cues and Patch Boundaries SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE movement behavior; air movement; habitat quality; shelter; Tribolium castaneum ID TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM TENEBRIONIDAE; LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; FOOD-DEPRIVATION; PATTERNS; COLEOPTERA; CONFUSUM; INSECT; OVIPOSITION; ORIENTATION; EMIGRATION AB Movement behavior determines the success or failure of insects in finding important resources such as food, mates, reproductive sites, and shelter. We examined the response of female red flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum Herbst: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) to habitat cues by quantifying the number of individuals that located a patch (either with or without flour) in response to the distance released from the patch, air movement over the arena, and food-deprivation status. We also investigated how patch characteristics, such as resource amount and presence of cover, influenced time taken to find a flour patch, the frequency of entering or leaving, and residence time within the patch. Although the proportion of beetles successfully locating the patch decreased as a function of release distance, the probability that beetles reached the patch was ultimately unaffected by whether flour was present or not, suggesting that search behavior in red flour beetles may exhibit a simple distance-decay function. Significantly more beetles reached the patch when they had not been food deprived and air was flowing over the arena, which indicates that walking beetles may orient to airflow, exhibiting anemotaxis. Results of the second experiment showed that, on first encounter, fewer beetles entered patches with a greater amount of flour; but once they had entered, they left them less frequently than patches with less resource. Beetles entered covered patches more quickly than uncovered patches irrespective of resource amount, which indicates that shelter is perhaps more important to red flour beetles than resource levels in determining whether to enter patches. C1 [Romero, Susan A.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Romero, Susan A.; Nechols, James R.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Campbell, James F.] ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt Prod & Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [With, Kimberly A.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Romero, SA (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM Susan.Romero@uky.edu RI With, Kimberly/J-5124-2014; Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 OI With, Kimberly/0000-0001-5570-1515; FU United States Department of Agriculture/Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2005-51101-02358] FX We thank David Margolies and Matt Grieshop for reviewing earlier drafts of this manuscript. This work was supported in part by United States Department of Agriculture/Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (Risk Assessment and Mitigation Program) under Agreement 2005-51101-02358. This is Contribution 09-046-J of the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University (Manhattan, KS). NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 29 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 39 IS 3 BP 919 EP 929 DI 10.1603/EN09324 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 605AH UT WOS:000278319100022 PM 20550807 ER PT J AU Opit, GP Throne, JE Payton, ME AF Opit, G. P. Throne, J. E. Payton, M. E. TI Reproductive Parameters of the Parthenogenetic Psocid Lepinotus reticulatus (Psocoptera: Trogiidae) at Constant Temperatures SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stored products; longevity; fecundity; oviposition period; grain ID LIPOSCELIS-BOSTRYCHOPHILA BADONNEL; POPULATION-GROWTH; RELATIVE HUMIDITIES; PAETA PSOCOPTERA; EGG MATURATION; ENTOMOPHILA; PHOSPHINE; FECUNDITY; DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL AB We investigated effects of temperature, at 70% RH, on the reproductive parameters of the parthenogenetic psocid Lepinotus reticulatus Enderlein (Psocoptera: Trogiidae). The lowest fecundity (21) was at 35 degrees C and the highest (41) at 27.5 degrees C. At 22.5, 25, and 27.5 degrees C, peak oviposition rates (eggs/female/week) occurred in week 3 and were 4.7, 6.6, and 7.8, respectively; also 51, 57, and 62%, respectively, of all eggs were laid in the first 4 wk. At 30, 32.5, and 35 degrees C, peak oviposition rates occurred in week 2 and were 8.2, 9.0, and 7.4, respectively; 80, 85, and 98%, respectively, of all eggs were laid in the first 4 wk. The longest preoviposition period (4.4 d) was at 22.5 and 25 degrees C, and the longest postoviposition period (13.1 d) was at 22.5 degrees C. Oviposition period and longevity decreased with increasing temperature; at 22.5 degrees C, these parameters were 66 and 83 d, respectively, and at 35 C, they were 18 and 24 d, respectively. Mean weekly oviposition rate increased with temperature and was highest at 32.5 degrees C (5.8 eggs/female/week). At 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30, 32.5, and 35 degrees C, it took 29, 20, 12, 11, 8, and 6 wk, respectively, for all females to die. Intrinsic rate of population increase increased with temperature until 32.5 degrees C (0.128) and then declined. We have developed temperature-dependent equations for preoviposition period, postoviposition period, oviposition period, oviposition rate, and longevity. Reproductive parameters affect population dynamics, and information on these parameters can be used in simulation models to predict L. reticulatus population dynamics to aid in developing effective management strategies. C1 [Opit, G. P.; Throne, J. E.] USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Payton, M. E.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Stat, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Opit, GP (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, 127 Noble Res Ctr, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM george.opit@okstate.edu FU Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station FX We thank Ann Redmon and Jordan Duff for their technical support, and Richard Grantham, Justin Talley, Raul Guedes, and Jin Jun Wang for reviewing an earlier draft of this manuscript. In addition, we extend our appreciation to Edward Mockford, who confirmed the identity of L. reticulatus, and the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station for partial support. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 39 IS 3 BP 1004 EP 1011 DI 10.1603/EN10011 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 605AH UT WOS:000278319100031 PM 20550816 ER PT J AU Paoletti, E Schaub, M Matyssek, R Wieser, G Augustaitis, A Bastrup-Birk, AM Bytnerowicz, A Gunthardt-Goerg, MS Muller-Starck, G Serengil, Y AF Paoletti, E. Schaub, M. Matyssek, R. Wieser, G. Augustaitis, A. Bastrup-Birk, A. M. Bytnerowicz, A. Guenthardt-Goerg, M. S. Mueller-Starck, G. Serengil, Y. TI Advances of air pollution science: From forest decline to multiple-stress effects on forest ecosystem services SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Editorial Material DE Air pollution; Climate change; Forests; Ozone; Nitrogen; Carbon dioxide ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ELEVATED CO2; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; TREES; O-3 AB Over the past 20 years, the focus of forest science on air pollution has moved from forest decline to a holistic framework of forest health, and from the effects on forest production to the ecosystem services provided by forest ecosystems. Hence, future research should focus on the interacting factorial impacts and resulting antagonistic and synergistic responses of forest trees and ecosystems. The synergistic effects of air pollution and climatic changes, in particular elevated ozone, altered nitrogen, carbon and water availability, must be key issues for research. Present evidence suggests air pollution will become increasingly harmful to forests under climate change, which requires integration amongst various stressors (abiotic and biotic factors, including competition, parasites and fire), effects on forest services (production, biodiversity protection, soil protection, sustained water balance, socio-economical relevance) and assessment approaches (research, monitoring, modeling) to be fostered. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Paoletti, E.] CNR, Inst Plant Protect, I-50019 Florence, Italy. [Schaub, M.; Guenthardt-Goerg, M. S.] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Matyssek, R.; Mueller-Starck, G.] Tech Univ Munich, D-8050 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. [Wieser, G.] Res & Training Ctr Forests Nat Hazards & Landscap, Innsbruck, Austria. [Augustaitis, A.] Lithuanian Univ Agr, Forest Monitoring Lab, Kaunas, Lithuania. [Bastrup-Birk, A. M.] Univ Copenhagen, Horsholm, Denmark. [Bytnerowicz, A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. [Serengil, Y.] Istanbul Univ, Dept Watershed Management, Istanbul, Turkey. RP Paoletti, E (reprint author), CNR, Inst Plant Protect, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Florence, Italy. EM e.paoletti@ipp.cnr.it RI Serengil, Yusuf/B-3064-2012; Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013; Gunthardt-Goerg, Madeleine/L-6461-2013; Paoletti, Elena/B-8974-2009; Schaub, Marcus/E-4874-2012 OI Paoletti, Elena/0000-0001-5324-7769; Schaub, Marcus/0000-0002-0158-8892 NR 21 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 6 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 158 IS 6 SI SI BP 1986 EP 1989 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.11.023 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 605JE UT WOS:000278343000002 PM 20036449 ER PT J AU Matyssek, R Karnosky, DF Wieser, G Percy, K Oksanen, E Grams, TEE Kubiske, M Hanke, D Pretzsch, H AF Matyssek, R. Karnosky, D. F. Wieser, G. Percy, K. Oksanen, E. Grams, T. E. E. Kubiske, M. Hanke, D. Pretzsch, H. TI Advances in understanding ozone impact on forest trees: Messages from novel phytotron and free-air fumigation studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Review DE Free-air O(3)/CO(2) fumigation; Phytotrons; Pioneer/climax tree species; Biotic impact; Timberline ID BIRCH BETULA-PENDULA; BEECH FAGUS-SYLVATICA; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES CLONES; PICEA-ABIES L; CURRENT-YEAR NEEDLES; SOIL N AVAILABILITY; MILD DROUGHT STRESS; LARIX-DECIDUA MILL; LEAF GAS-EXCHANGE AB Recent evidence from novel phytotron and free-air ozone (O(3)) fumigation experiments in Europe and America on forest tree species is highlighted in relation to previous chamber studies. Differences in O(3) sensitivity between pioneer and climax species are examined and viewed for trees growing at the harsh alpine timberline ecotone. As O(3) apparently counteracts positive effects of elevated CO(2) and mitigates productivity increases, response is governed by genotype, competitors, and ontogeny rather than species per se. Complexity in O(3) responsiveness increased under the influence of pathogens and herbivores. The new evidence does not conflict in principle with previous findings that, however, pointed to a low ecological significance. This new knowledge on trees' O(3) responsiveness beyond the juvenile stage in plantations and forests nevertheless implies limited predictability due to complexity in biotic and abiotic interactions. Unravelling underlying mechanisms is mandatory for assessing O(3) risks as an important component of climate change scenarios. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Matyssek, R.; Grams, T. E. E.] Tech Univ Munich, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. [Karnosky, D. F.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Wieser, G.] Fed Res & Trainings Ctr Forests Nat Hazards & Lan, Dept Alpine Timberline Ecophysiol, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Percy, K.] KE Percy Air Qual Effects Consulting Ltd, Ft Mcmurray, AB T9H 0A4, Canada. [Oksanen, E.] Univ Joensuu, Fac Biosci, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland. [Kubiske, M.] US Forest Serv, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, No Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Hanke, D.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England. RP Matyssek, R (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Hochanger 13, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. EM matyssek@wzw.tum.de RI Pretzsch, Hans/K-3716-2014 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [Sonderforschungsbereich SFB 607]; European Commission; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-FG02-96ER62125]; Academy of Finland [78743, 109933, 124828]; [EVK2-2002-00165] FX Studies reported here were financially supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through Sonderforschungsbereich SFB 607 "Growth and Parasite Defence - Competition for Resources in Economic Plants from Agronomy and Forestry" and by the European Commission - Research Directorate-General, Environment Programme, "Natural Resources Management and Services" (EVK2-2002-00165, Ecosystem Vulnerability) through the CASIROZ project ("The carbon sink strength of beech in a changing environment: Experimental risk assessment by mitigation of chronic ozone impact"). The Aspen FACE was principally supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Grant No. DE-FG02-96ER62125. The Academy of Finland supported research reported here through projects 78743, 109933 and 124828. All this support is gratefully acknowledged. The constructive suggestions by three anonymous reviewers are highly appreciated. NR 207 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 158 IS 6 SI SI BP 1990 EP 2006 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.11.033 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 605JE UT WOS:000278343000003 PM 20133031 ER PT J AU Uddling, J Hogg, AJ Teclaw, RM Carroll, MA Ellsworth, DS AF Uddling, Johan Hogg, Alan J. Teclaw, Ronald M. Carroll, Mary Anne Ellsworth, David S. TI Stomatal uptake of O-3 in aspen and aspen-birch forests under free-air CO2 and O-3 enrichment SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; FACE; Forest; Ozone flux; Stomata ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; OZONE RISK-ASSESSMENT; TROPOSPHERIC O-3; TREMBLING ASPEN; CARBON-DIOXIDE; DRY DEPOSITION; EUROPEAN WHEAT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; YOUNG STANDS AB Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) may alleviate the toxicological impacts of concurrently rising tropospheric ozone (O-3) during the present century if higher CO2 is accompanied by lower stomatal conductance (g,), as assumed by many models. We investigated how elevated concentrations of CO2 and O-3, alone and in combination, affected the accumulated stomatal flux of O-3 (AFst) by canopies and sun leaves in closed aspen and aspen-birch forests in the free-air CO2-O-3 enrichment experiment near Rhinelander, Wisconsin. Stomatal conductance for O-3 was derived from sap flux data and AFst was estimated either neglecting or accounting for the potential influence of non-stomatal leaf surface O-3 deposition. Leaf-level AFst (AFst(l)) was not reduced by elevated CO2. Instead, there was a significant CO2 x O-3 interaction on AFst(l), as a consequence of lower values of g(s) in control plots and the combination treatment than in the two single-gas treatments. In addition, aspen leaves had higher AFst(l) than birch leaves, and estimates of AFst(l) were not very sensitive to non-stomatal leaf surface O-3 deposition. Our results suggest that model projections of large CO2-induced reductions in g, alleviating the adverse effect of rising tropospheric O-3 may not be reasonable for northern hardwood forests. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Uddling, Johan] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Hogg, Alan J.] Univ Michigan, Sweetland Writing Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Teclaw, Ronald M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Hogg, Alan J.; Carroll, Mary Anne] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Carroll, Mary Anne] Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Carroll, Mary Anne] Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ellsworth, David S.] Univ Western Sydney, Ctr Plant & Food Sci, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia. RP Uddling, J (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, POB 461, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM johan.uddling@dpes.gu.se OI Ellsworth, David/0000-0002-9699-2272 FU National Institute for Global Environmental Change, Midwestern Regional Office, via U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy; USFS Global Change Program, Michigan Technological University; Canadian Forest Service; USFS Northern Research Station; Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (Formas) FX Wendy Jones and John Nagy are gratefully acknowledged for providing quality assured data of O3 concentrations and upper canopy wind speed. The sap flux project was supported by the National Institute for Global Environmental Change, Midwestern Regional Office, via the U.S. Department of Energy. The Aspen FACE Experiment is funded principally by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, with additional support from the USFS Global Change Program, Michigan Technological University, the Canadian Forest Service and the USFS Northern Research Station. The first author was supported by the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (Formas). NR 63 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 158 IS 6 SI SI BP 2023 EP 2031 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.12.001 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 605JE UT WOS:000278343000006 PM 20089338 ER PT J AU Grulke, NE AF Grulke, N. E. TI Plasticity in physiological traits in conifers: Implications for response to climate change in the western US SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Phenotypic plasticity; Gross photosynthesis; Water use efficiency; Pine needle scale; Jeffrey pine beetle ID JEFFREY PINE; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; TREE; ATTRIBUTES; MICROSITES; TOLERANCE; MORTALITY; PONDEROSA; NITROGEN; DROUGHT AB Population variation in ecophysiological traits of four co-occurring montane conifers was measured on a large latitudinal gradient to quantitatively assess their potential for response to environmental change. White fir (Abies concolor) had the highest variability, gross photosynthetic rate (Pg), and foliar carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content. Despite low water use efficiency (WUE), stomatal conductance (gs) of fir was the most responsive to unfavorable environmental conditions. Pinus lambertiana exhibited the least variability in Pg and WUE, and is likely to be the most vulnerable to environmental changes. Pinus ponderosa had an intermediate level of variability, and high needle growth at its higher elevational limits. Pinus Jeffreyi also had intermediate variability, but high needle growth at its southern latitudinal and lower elevational limits. The attributes used to assess tree vigor were effective in predicting population vulnerability to abiotic (drought) and biotic (herbivore) stresses. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Grulke, NE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM ngrulke@fs.fed.us FU National Park Service [1991, 1997]; NPS-U.S. EPA [1998-2001]; USDA National Research Initiative, Managed Ecosystems Panel [2007-2009] FX This research was supported fiscally and logistically by the National Park Service (1991, 1997), PrimeNet, a joint NPS-U.S. EPA program (1998-2001), and USDA National Research Initiative, Managed Ecosystems Panel (2007-2009). Many people assisted in this research and I thank them all, even those who may have only spent a day and are not mentioned here. Thanks to Steve Seybold and Andy Graves who collected the branch samples from paired attacked/unattacked Jeffrey pine in Tahoe National Forest. Craig Tatum, Susan Schilling. Annie Esperanza, Elizabeth Ballenger, Max Marrett, Karl Marrett, and David Jones all spent months of their time working on various aspects of the studies presented here. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 158 IS 6 SI SI BP 2032 EP 2042 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.12.010 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 605JE UT WOS:000278343000007 PM 20056301 ER PT J AU McNulty, SG Boggs, JL AF McNulty, Steven G. Boggs, Johnny L. TI A conceptual framework: Redefining forest soil's critical acid loads under a changing climate SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Critical acid load; Nitrogen and sulfur deposition; Insect; Disease; Drought ID CHRONIC N FERTILIZATION; SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; MONTANE RED SPRUCE; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; BOREAL FOREST; LOBLOLLY-PINE; DROUGHT; WILDFIRE AB Federal agencies of several nations have orate currently developing guidelines for critical forest soil acid loads. These guidelines are used to establish regulations designed to maintain atmospheric acid inputs below levels shown to damage forests and streams. Traditionally, when the critical soil acid load exceeds the amount of acid that the ecosystem can absorb, it is believed to potentially impair forest health. The excess over the critical soil acid load is termed the exceedance, and the larger the exceedance, the greater the risk of ecosystem damage. This definition of critical soil acid load applies to exposure of the soil to a single, long-term pollutant (i.e., acidic deposition). However, ecosystems can be simultaneously under multiple ecosystem stresses and a single critical soil acid load level may not accurately reflect ecosystem health risk when subjected to multiple, episodic environmental stress. For example, the Appalachian Mountains of western North Carolina receive some of the highest rates of acidic deposition in the eastern United States, but these levels are considered to be below the critical acid load (CAL) that would cause forest damage. However, the area experienced a moderate three-year drought from 1999 to 2002, and in 2001 red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) trees in the area began to die in large numbers. The initial survey indicated that the affected trees were killed by the southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.). This insect is not normally successful at colonizing these tree species because the trees produce large amounts of oleoresin that exclude the boring beetles. Subsequent investigations revealed that long-term acid deposition may have altered red spruce forest structure and function. There is some evidence that elevated acid deposition (particularly nitrogen) reduced tree water uptake potential, oleoresin production, and caused the trees to become more susceptible to insect colonization during the drought period. While the ecosystem was not in exceedance of the CAL, long-term nitrogen deposition pre-disposed the forest to other ecological stress. In combination, insects, drought, and nitrogen ultimately combined to cause the observed forest mortality. If any one of these factors were not present, the trees would likely not have died. This paper presents a conceptual framework of the ecosystem consequences of these interactions as well as limited plot level data to support this concept. Future assessments of the use of CAL studies need to account for multiple stress impacts to better understand ecosystem response. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [McNulty, Steven G.; Boggs, Johnny L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Eastern Forests Environm Assessment Threats Ctr, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP McNulty, SG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Eastern Forests Environm Assessment Threats Ctr, So Global Change Program, 920 Main Campus Dr,Suite 300, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM steve_mcnulty@ncsu.edu FU USDA Forest Service, Eastern Forests Environmental Threats Assessment Center, Raleigh, NC FX This project was funded by the USDA Forest Service, Eastern Forests Environmental Threats Assessment Center, Raleigh, NC. NR 71 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 158 IS 6 SI SI BP 2053 EP 2058 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.11.028 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 605JE UT WOS:000278343000009 PM 20045233 ER PT J AU Saunders, SE Bartz, JC Vercauteren, KC Bartelt-Hunt, SL AF Saunders, Samuel E. Bartz, Jason C. Vercauteren, Kurt C. Bartelt-Hunt, Shannon L. TI Enzymatic Digestion of Chronic Wasting Disease Prions Bound to Soil SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GASTROINTESTINAL MICROBIOTA; PROTEIN PRPSC; IN-VITRO; SCRAPIE; STRAIN; ENCEPHALOPATHY; INFECTIVITY; INACTIVATION; DEGRADATION; TISSUES AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD) and sheep scrapie can be transmitted via indirect environmental routes, and it is known that soil can serve as a reservoir of prion infectivity. Given the strong interaction between the prion protein (PrP) and soil, we hypothesized that binding to soil enhances prion resistance to enzymatic digestion, thereby facilitating prion longevity in the environment and providing protection from host degradation. We characterized the performance of a commercially available subtilisin enzyme, Prionzyme, to degrade soil-bound and unbound CWD and HY TME PrP as a function of pH, temperature, and treatment time. The subtilisin enzyme effectively degraded PrP adsorbed to a wide range of soils and soil minerals below the limits of detection. Signal loss occurred rapidly at high pH (12.5) and within 7 days under conditions representative of the natural environment (pH 7.4, 22 degrees C). We observed no apparent difference in enzyme effectiveness between bound and unbound CWD PrP. Our results show that although adsorbed prions do retain relative resistance to enzymatic digestion compared with other brain homogenate proteins, they can be effectively degraded when bound to soil. Our results also suggest a topical application of a subtilisin enzyme solution may be an effective decontamination method to limit disease transmission via environmental "hot spots" of prion infectivity. C1 [Saunders, Samuel E.; Bartelt-Hunt, Shannon L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Civil Engn, Peter Kiewit Inst, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Bartz, Jason C.] Creighton Univ, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Vercauteren, Kurt C.] Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Bartelt-Hunt, SL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Civil Engn, Peter Kiewit Inst, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM sbartelt2@unl.edu OI Bartz, Jason/0000-0003-4081-7886 FU USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services/National Wildlife Research Center; UNL Research Council; UNL; National Center for Research Resources [P20 RR0115635-6, C06 RR17417-01] FX We thank Ronald Shikiya and Qi Yuan for technical assistance, Ken Clinkenbeard for the CWD-elk brain, and Scott Hygnstrom for helpful discussions. Humic acid-coated silica gel particles were kindly provided by Robert Bulman. This research was supported in part by the USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services/National Wildlife Research Center, the UNL Research Council, the UNL Othmer and Milton Mohr Fellowships, and the National Center for Research Resources (P20 RR0115635-6 and C06 RR17417-01). NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 11 BP 4129 EP 4135 DI 10.1021/es903520d PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 600RA UT WOS:000278003500018 PM 20450190 ER PT J AU Rice, PJ Horgan, BP Rittenhouse, JL AF Rice, Pamela J. Horgan, Brian P. Rittenhouse, Jennifer L. TI PESTICIDE TRANSPORT WITH RUNOFF FROM CREEPING BENTGRASS TURF: RELATIONSHIP OF PESTICIDE PROPERTIES TO MASS TRANSPORT SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bentgrass; Partition coefficient; Pesticide; Runoff; Golf course fairway turf ID WATER PARTITION-COEFFICIENT; SORPTION COEFFICIENTS; AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY; ORGANIC CHEMICALS; SOIL; TURFGRASS; SIMULATIONS; FORMULATION; PHOSPHORUS; WASHOFF AB The off-site transport of pesticides with runoff is both an agronomic and environmental concern, resulting from reduced control of target pests in the area of application and contamination of surrounding ecosystems. Experiments were designed to measure the quantity of pesticides in runoff from creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris) turf managed as golf course fairway to gain a better understanding of factors that influence chemical availability and mass transport. Less than 1 to 23% of applied chloropyrifos, flutolanil, mecoprop-p (MCPP), dimethylamine salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), or dicamba was measured in edge-of-plot runoff when commercially available pesticide formulations were applied at label rates 23 9 h prior to simulated precipitation (62 +/- 13 mm). Time differential between hollow title core cultivation and runoff did not significantly influence runoff volumes or the percentage of applied chemicals transported in the runoff. With the exception of chlorpyrifos, all chemicals of interest were detected in the initial runoff samples and throughout the runoff events. Chemographs of the five pesticides followed trends in agreement with mobility classifications associated with their soil organic carbon partition coefficient (K(OC)). Data collected from the present study provides information on the transport of chemicals with runoff from turf, which can be used in model simulations to predict nonpoint source pollution potentials and estimate ecological risks. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1209-1214. (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [Rice, Pamela J.; Rittenhouse, Jennifer L.] ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Horgan, Brian P.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Rice, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM pamela.rice@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Golf Association, Green Section Research FX The present research was funded in part by the U.S. Golf Association, Green Section Research. We thank Christina Borgen, Troy Carson, Mike Dolan, Shari Greseth, Andrew Hollman, Craig Krueger, Jeff Lanners, Matthew McNearney, Carl Rosen, Jon Sass, Alex Seeley, Karli Swenson and Nelson Irrigation. Mention of specific products or supplies is for identification and does not imply endorsement by U.S. Department of Agriculture to the exclusion of other suitable products or supplies. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1209 EP 1214 DI 10.1002/etc.180 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 629VA UT WOS:000280226800003 PM 20821562 ER PT J AU Rice, PJ Horgan, BP Rittenhouse, JL AF Rice, Pamela J. Horgan, Brian P. Rittenhouse, Jennifer L. TI EVALUATION OF CORE CULTIVATION PRACTICES TO REDUCE ECOLOGICAL RISK OF PESTICIDES IN RUNOFF FROM AGROSTIS PALUSTRIS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Core cultivation; Pesticides; Risk assessment; Runoff; Turf ID BENTGRASS GOLF GREEN; CREEPING BENTGRASS; THATCH ACCUMULATION; BERMUDAGRASS TURF; QUALITY; FORMULATION; TURFGRASS; MAT; IRRIGATION; PHOSPHORUS AB Pesticides associated with the turfgrass industry have been detected in storm runoff and surface waters of urban watersheds, invoking concern of their potential environmental effects and a desire to reduce their transport to nontarget locations. Quantities of chlorpyrifos, dicamba, dimethylamine salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), flutolanil, and mecoprop-p (MCPP) transported in runoff from bentgrass (Agrostis palustris) fairway turf managed with solid tine (ST) or hollow tine (HT) core cultivation were compared to determine which cultivation practice is more efficient at mitigating environmental risk. Plots receiving HT core cultivation showed a 10 and 55% reduction in runoff volume and a 15 to 57% reduction in pesticide transport with runoff at 63 d and 2 d following core cultivation. Estimated environmental concentrations of the pesticides in a surface water receiving runoff from turf managed with ST core cultivation exceeded the median lethal concentration (LC50) or median effective concentration (EC50) of nine aquatic organisms evaluated. Replacing ST core cultivation with HT core cultivation reduced surface water concentrations of the pesticides to levels below the LC50 and EC50 for most these aquatic organisms, lessening risk associated with pesticides in runoff from the fairway turf. Results of the present research provide quantitative information that will allow for informed decisions on cultural practices that can maximize pesticide retention at the site of application, improving pest control in turf while minimizing environmental contamination and adverse effects associated with the off-site transport of pesticides. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1215-1223. (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [Rice, Pamela J.; Rittenhouse, Jennifer L.] ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Horgan, Brian P.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Rice, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,Borlaug Hall,Room 452, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM pamela.rice@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Golf Association, Green Section Research FX The present research was funded in part by the U.S. Golf Association, Green Section Research. We thank Christina Borgen. Troy Carson, Mike Dolan, Shari Greseth, Andrew Hollman, Craig Krueger, Jeff Lanners, Matthew McNearney, Carl Rosen, Jon Sass, Alex Seeley, Karli Swenson, and Nelson Irrigation. Mention of specific products or supplies is for identification and does not imply endorsement by U.S. Department of Agriculture to the exclusion of other suitable products or supplies. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1215 EP 1223 DI 10.1002/etc.179 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 629VA UT WOS:000280226800004 PM 20821563 ER PT J AU Elpidina, E Martynov, A Oppert, B AF Elpidina, E. Martynov, A. Oppert, B. TI Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa intoxication on the expression of cysteine and serine peptidases in the midgut of the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor SO FEBS JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Congress of the Federation-of-European-Biochemical-Societies CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2010 CL Gothenburg, SWEDEN C1 [Elpidina, E.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Belozersky Inst Phys Chem Biol, Moscow, Russia. [Martynov, A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Bioengn & Bioinformat, Moscow, Russia. [Oppert, B.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS USA. RI Elpidina, Elena/D-5646-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1742-464X J9 FEBS J JI FEBS J. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 277 SU 1 BP 170 EP 170 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 608EI UT WOS:000278565100599 ER PT J AU Kershner, JL Roper, BB AF Kershner, Jeffrey L. Roper, Brett B. TI An Evaluation of Management Objectives Used to Assess Stream Habitat Conditions on Federal Lands within the Interior Columbia Basin SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN OREGON; HISTORICAL CHANGES; INDEX; ATTRIBUTES; SEDIMENT; IMPACTS; CATTLE AB We evaluated eight habitat objectives used by land management agencies within the Interior Columbia Basin to determine if the current riparian management objectives (RMOs) were representative of conditions found at reference sites, had values which differed significantly between reference and managed watersheds, and whether these RMOs could be consistently applied across the study area. We found that many of the reference reaches did not meet objectives such as wetted width-to-depth, percent undercut banks, number of pieces of large wood, and numbers of days exceeding 15 degrees C. We also found no significant difference between randomly selected managed and reference reaches for four objectives: wetted width-to-depth ratio, bank stability, percent undercut, and pool frequency. Finally we found that some RMO values differed among forest types. As a result of these findings, none of 726 reference or managed reaches we evaluated exceeded all objectives when applied to a site. We recommend that objectives, if adopted, should be selected using the following guidelines: (1) be based on consistently collected data from the area of interest, (2) show a demonstrated response to management, and (3) account for landscape characteristics that may influence the value of the objective. Such an approach would insure more managed sites than reference sites exceed the objective, that the difference would be due to management rather than differences in landscape setting, and that the objective is based on data rather than professional opinion. C1 [Kershner, Jeffrey L.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Roper, Brett B.] Utah State Univ, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, US Forest Serv, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Kershner, JL (reprint author), Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM jkershner@usgs.gov RI Roper, Brett/F-2891-2010 NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUN PY 2010 VL 35 IS 6 BP 269 EP 278 DI 10.1577/1548-8446-35.6.269 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 614NM UT WOS:000279066300006 ER PT J AU Center, TD Dray, FA AF Center, Ted D. Dray, F. Allen, Jr. TI EFFECTS OF HOST QUALITY ON FLIGHT MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT IN NEOCHETINA EICHHORNIAE AND N. BRUCHI (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE biological control; invasive plants; herbivory; dispersal; fecundity; reproductive biology ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; WATER-HYACINTH; WARNER COLEOPTERA; LIFE-CYCLE; INSECTS; WATERHYACINTH; CRASSIPES AB Neochetina eichhorniae Warner and N. bruchi Hustache, biological control agents of Eichhornia crassipes (Martius) Solms-Laubach, are usually incapable of flight but occasionally develop indirect flight muscles enabling dispersal. This reportedly alternates with oogenesis and is reversible. We examined host quality as a possible explanation for the transitions between these 2 states by allowing populations of the 2 species to develop on plants differing in nutritive quality and then examining the status of their ovaries and flight muscle development. The leaf nitrogen content of the plants increased directly with fertilizer treatment levels but herbivory by the weevils changed the pattern of variation. Neochetina eichhorniae suppressed overall nutritive quality while still enabling tissue nitrogen levels to increase with fertilizer treatments. Neochetina bruchi, however, negated these effects and tissue nitrogen levels failed to correlate with fertilizer treatments. As a result, herbivore intensity (the number of weevils per plant) and the proportion of the populations that responded in one way or the other (either oogenesis or flight muscle development) differed between the 2 species. Very few N eichhorniae responded in the lowest fertilizer treatment and none produced flight muscles. This increased in the intermediate treatments to about an 80% response with most individuals reproductive. At higher levels, the overall response declined somewhat with an increasing proportion becoming dispersive. Very few N bruchi developed flight muscles except in the highest fertilizer treatment. The frequency of reproductive N bruchi varied little across fertilizer treatments, tracking host quality instead. We conclude that transitions from reproduction to dispersal in these 2 species are not in response to low nutritive quality of the plant tissue and require adequate nutrition to occur. Host quality, however, is affected by a multitude of factors, including the intensity of herbivory, which complicates interpretation of nuanced responses. C1 [Center, Ted D.; Dray, F. Allen, Jr.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Center, TD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 93 IS 2 BP 161 EP 166 DI 10.1653/024.093.0203 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 621LM UT WOS:000279580300003 ER PT J AU Meagher, RL Nagoshi, RN AF Meagher, Robert L. Nagoshi, Rodney N. TI IDENTIFICATION OF FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) HOST STRAINS BASED ON MALE-DERIVED SPERMATOPHORES SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera frugiperda; host strains; spermatophores; mating ID SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA SMITH,J.E.; CORN-EARWORM; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; I GENE; RESISTANCE; POPULATIONS; FLORIDA; COMPATIBILITY; ADAPTATION; MECHANISMS AB Laboratory experiments were designed to identify the host strain paternity of fall army-worm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) mated females. In no-choice tests, corn or rice strain females were placed in cages with males of the opposite strain. After 48 h, females were dissected and spermatophores were removed. Molecular markers in the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene were used to identify host strain identity from the spermatophores and results showed the host strain pattern of the mating males. In choice tests, females of either strain were placed in cages with males of both strains. After 48 or 96 h, spermatophores were dissected and were molecularly analyzed to identify the host strain of the mating males. Corn and rice strain females contained spermatophores from males of both strains, indicating that interstrain mating commonly occurs in the laboratory. The analysis of the spermatophores isolated from mated females provides a convenient means of identifying the strain of the mated male. This technique has the promise of being able to directly measure interstrain mating in wild populations. C1 [Meagher, Robert L.; Nagoshi, Rodney N.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Meagher, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 93 IS 2 BP 191 EP 197 DI 10.1653/024.093.0207 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 621LM UT WOS:000279580300007 ER PT J AU Arbogast, RT Tort, B Teal, PEA AF Arbogast, Richard T. Tort, Baldwyn Teal, Peter E. A. TI POTENTIAL FOR POPULATION GROWTH OF THE SMALL HIVE BEETLE AETHINA TUMIDA (COLEOPTERA: NITIDULIDAE) ON DIETS OF POLLEN DOUGH AND ORANGES SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE honeybee pest; demography; intrinsic rate of natural increase; nutrition ID APIS-MELLIFERA; PARASITE; COLONIES; TRAP AB The small hive beetle Aethina tumida Murray, is an African native that has become an invasive pest of honeybees in North America. The beetle is capable of rapid population growth on pollen, honey, and bee brood. It is also capable of feeding and reproducing on various kinds of fruit, but its ability to sustain population growth on diets other than bee products has remained unknown. We examined this question by observing A. tumida on 2 diets: pollen dough (inoculated with a species of yeast carried by the beetle) and orange. Age-schedules of survival (l(r)) and fecundity (m(x)) were constructed for each diet and used to calculate the intrinsic rate of natural increase (r), which was used to calculate other demographic parameters. The results showed potential for population growth on both diets (r > 0), but the potential was less on orange (r = 0.0631) than on inoculated pollen dough (r = 0.1047). The calculated multiplication per generation on pollen dough was nearly double that on orange and the generation time was shorter by more than a third. Survival of A. tumida populations on oranges, or any other alternative diet, in a given environment would depend on the value of r relative to the strength of environmental conditions opposing population increase. The ability to use alternative diets (fruit, possibly fungi, or other food resources) would confer an adaptive advantage upon beetles dispersing over a landscape in which honeybee colonies occur as small, widely scattered patches. C1 [Arbogast, Richard T.; Teal, Peter E. A.] USDA ARS CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Tort, Baldwyn] ICIPE, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Arbogast, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS CMAVE, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 19 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 93 IS 2 BP 224 EP 230 DI 10.1653/024.093.0212 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 621LM UT WOS:000279580300012 ER PT J AU Center, TD Dray, FA AF Center, Ted D. Dray, F. Allen, Jr. TI A SIMPLE, EFFICIENT METHOD FOR EXTRACTING NEOCHETINA EICHHORNIAE AND N. BRUCHI (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) FROM WATERHYACINTH (EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES: PONTEDERIACEAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Center, Ted D.; Dray, F. Allen, Jr.] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Center, TD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 93 IS 2 BP 315 EP 316 DI 10.1653/024.093.0227 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 621LM UT WOS:000279580300027 ER PT J AU Jenkins, DA Goenaga, R AF Jenkins, David A. Goenaga, Ricardo TI SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PHYLLOPHAGA VANDINEI (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE) EMERGENCE WITHIN AND AROUND A MAMEY SAPOTE ORCHARD SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Jenkins, David A.; Goenaga, Ricardo] ARS, USDA, TARS, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Jenkins, DA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, TARS, 2200 Pedro Albizu Campos Ave,Suite 201, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 93 IS 2 BP 323 EP 324 DI 10.1653/024.093.0231 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 621LM UT WOS:000279580300031 ER PT J AU Terio, V Tantillo, G Martella, V Di Pinto, P Buonavoglia, C Kingsley, DH AF Terio, Valentina Tantillo, Giuseppina Martella, Vito Di Pinto, Pietro Buonavoglia, Canio Kingsley, David H. TI High Pressure Inactivation of HAV Within Mussels SO FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mussels; Hepatitis A virus; High pressure processing ID HEPATITIS-A-VIRUS; HIGH HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; HUMAN ENTERIC VIRUSES; MYTILUS-GALLOPROVINCIALIS; FELINE CALICIVIRUS; BIVALVE-MOLLUSKS; SHELLFISH; OYSTERS; DEPURATION AB The potential of high pressure processing to inactivate hepatitis A virus (HAV) within Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) was evaluated. HAV was bioaccumulated within mussels to approximately 6-log(10) PFU by exposure of mussels to HAV-contaminated seawater. After shucking, 5 min pressure treatments of 300, 325, 350, 375, and 400 MegaPascals (MPa) were performed at room temperature (18-22 degrees C). For blue mussels, log(10) PFU reductions of HAV averaged 2.1 and 3.6 for treatments of 350 and 400 MPa, while for Mediterranean mussels reductions of 1.7 and 2.9 log(10) PFU MPa were observed for equivalent treatments. These results demonstrate that high pressure processing is capable of inactivating HAV within mussels. C1 [Kingsley, David H.] Delaware State Univ, USDA, James WW Baker Ctr,Agr Res Serv, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Dover, DE 19901 USA. [Terio, Valentina; Tantillo, Giuseppina; Martella, Vito; Di Pinto, Pietro; Buonavoglia, Canio] Univ Bari, Dept Vet & Publ Hlth, I-70010 Bari, Italy. RP Kingsley, DH (reprint author), Delaware State Univ, USDA, James WW Baker Ctr,Agr Res Serv, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Dover, DE 19901 USA. EM David.Kingsley@ars.usda.gov RI Martella, Vito/K-3146-2016; OI Martella, Vito/0000-0002-5740-6947; Terio, Valentina/0000-0002-8908-6749; TANTILLO, GIUSEPPINA MARILIA/0000-0003-0311-0398 NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1867-0334 J9 FOOD ENVIRON VIROL JI Food Environ. Virol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 2 IS 2 BP 83 EP 88 DI 10.1007/s12560-010-9032-7 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Microbiology; Virology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology; Virology GA 618KB UT WOS:000279350500005 ER PT J AU He, YP Chen, CY AF He, Yiping Chen, Chin-Yi TI Quantitative analysis of viable, stressed and dead cells of Campylobacter jejuni strain 81-176 SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter jejuni; Ethidium monoazide; Real-time PCR; Viability; Stressed cells ID REAL-TIME PCR; MORPHOLOGICAL-CHANGES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COCCOID FORMS; CHICKEN; SAMPLES; SPP.; QUANTIFICATION; COLONIZATION; SALMONELLA AB Campylobacter jejuni is an important foodborne gastrointestinal pathogen and highly sensitive to environmental stresses. Research has shown that changes in culturability, cell morphology, and viability occur when C. jejuni cells are subjected to stresses. In this study, real-time PCR, ethidium monoazide (EMA) in combination with real-time PCR (EMA-PCR), BacLight bacterial viability staining, and agar plate counting methods were used to quantitatively analyze viable, stressed, and dead C. jejuni strain 81-176. The real-time PCR assay provides highly sensitive and specific quantification of total genome copies of C jejuni culture in different growth phases. Our results also reveal that real-time PCR can be used for direct quantification of Campylobacter genome release into Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) as an indicator of cell lysis. Using EMA-PCR, we obtained a dynamic range of greater than 3 logs for differentiating viable vs. dead cells. The viability and morphological characteristics of the stressed cells after one-week incubation at 25 C, in air, and under nutrient-poor conditions were investigated. Our results indicated that, over 99% of the stressed cells were converted from the spiral to the coccoid form and became non-culturable. However, more than 96% of the coccoid cells retained their membrane integrity as suggested by both the BacLight staining and EMA-PCR analyses. Thus, to detect C jejuni under stress conditions, conventional culturing method in conjunction with EMA-PCR or BacLight staining might be a more appropriate approach. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [He, Yiping] USDA, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Chen, Chin-Yi] Agr Res Serv, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP He, YP (reprint author), USDA, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM yiping.he@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 27 IS 4 BP 439 EP 446 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2009.11.017 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 602WU UT WOS:000278170500001 PM 20417391 ER PT J AU Khanal, RC Howard, LR Prior, RL AF Khanal, Ramesh C. Howard, Luke R. Prior, Ronald L. TI Effect of heating on the stability of grape and blueberry pomace procyanidins and total anthocyanins SO FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Procyanidins; Anthocyanins; Grape pomace; Blueberry pomace; Heating ID LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; B2 EPICATECHIN-(4-BETA-8)-EPICATECHIN; EXTRACT; IMPACT; JUICE; RATS; SEED; POLYPHENOLICS; CONSUMPTION AB Fruit by-products are rich sources of procyanidins and anthocyanins known for potential health benefits. Freeze dried blueberry pomace and grape pomace were heated in a forced air oven at 40, 60, 105, and 125 degrees C for 72, 48, 16, and 8 h respectively, to study the stability of procyanidins and total anthocyanins. Heating decreased procyanidin concentrations significantly (p < 0.05) in both blueberry and grape pomace, except when heated at 40 degrees C for 72 h. Reduction occurred when heated at 60 degrees C or above with no further reduction when heating temperature increased from 105 to 125 degrees C. Heating also affected total anthocyanin contents in both grape and blueberry pomace with no significant (p > 0.05) loss when heated at 40 degrees C. Total anthocyanin loss was highest at 125 degrees C for both blueberry (52%) and grape pomace (70%). Results suggested that while heating at lower temperatures for up to 3 days may not be detrimental, heating at higher temperatures for more than 8 h results in considerable loss of both the compounds. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Khanal, Ramesh C.; Howard, Luke R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Khanal, Ramesh C.; Prior, Ronald L.] Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Prior, Ronald L.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Howard, LR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, 2650 N Young Ave, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM lukeh@uark.edu FU Arkansas Biosciences Institute FX We thank the University of Arkansas Enology Program, Fayetteville, AR, USA for providing grape pomace and Jasper Wyman & Son, Milbridge, MA, USA for providing blueberry pomace. This work was partially funded by an Arkansas Biosciences Institute grant. NR 37 TC 51 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9969 J9 FOOD RES INT JI Food Res. Int. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1464 EP 1469 DI 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.04.018 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 645CO UT WOS:000281428700035 ER PT J AU Suo, B He, YP Tu, SI Shi, XM AF Suo, Biao He, Yiping Tu, Shu-I Shi, Xianming TI A Multiplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for Simultaneous Detection of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157, and Listeria monocytogenes in Meat Products SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL AMPLIFICATION CONTROL; DIAGNOSTIC PCR; FOOD SAMPLES; TYPHIMURIUM; ASSAYS; SEQUENCE; ENTERICA; BROTH; GENE; BEEF AB To achieve an effective detection of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157, and Listeria monocytogenes in meat products, a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with a multipathogen enrichment strategy was developed in this study. Pathogen-specific DNA sequences in the invA, rfbE, and hlyA genes were employed to design primers and TaqMan probes for identifying Salmonella spp., E. coli O157, and L. monocytogenes, respectively. An internal amplification control (IAC) utilizing a novel DNA sequence from human adenovirus was incorporated into the multiplex PCR assay to indicate false-negative results. Concurrent amplifications of multiple targets and IAC were thoroughly evaluated and optimized to minimize PCR competitions. Combined with a multipathogen enrichment in a selective enrichment broth for Salmonella, Escherichia, and Listeria (SEL), the multiplex real-time PCR assay was able to simultaneously detect all of the three organisms in artificially contaminated ground beef at a detection sensitivity of < 18 CFU/10 g ground beef. Applying the assay to 26 retail meat samples including beef, chicken, turkey, and pork revealed that 12 samples were positive for one of the organisms and 3 samples were positive for two of the organisms after a 20-h enrichment in SEL. The remaining meat samples tested negative for all of the organisms by only showing amplification of the IAC. These results were confirmed by traditional culture methods testing for each individual species. Taken together, the multiplex real-time PCR assay combined with multipathogen enrichment is a rapid and reliable method for effectively screening single or multiple pathogen occurrences in various meat products. C1 [He, Yiping; Tu, Shu-I] ARS, Joint US Sino Food Safety Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [He, Yiping; Tu, Shu-I] ARS, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Suo, Biao; Shi, Xianming] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Joint Sino US Food Safety Res Ctr, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Suo, Biao; Shi, Xianming] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Bor Luh Food Safety Ctr, Sch Agr & Biol, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. RP He, YP (reprint author), ARS, Joint US Sino Food Safety Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM yiping.he@ars.usda.gov; xmshi@sjtu.edu.cn FU Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality [08391911000, 08142200700, 08DZ0504200]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30972485] FX This research was supported by the Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 30972485), and the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (grant nos. 08391911000, 08142200700, and 08DZ0504200). The authors thank Dr. George Paoli for kindly providing the bacterial strains, and Dr. Peter Irwin and Sue Reed for critically reviewing the manuscript. NR 30 TC 57 Z9 65 U1 7 U2 29 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 7 IS 6 BP 619 EP 628 DI 10.1089/fpd.2009.0430 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 605BJ UT WOS:000278322000003 PM 20113204 ER PT J AU Inatsu, Y Kitagawa, T Bari, ML Nei, D Juneja, V Kawamoto, S AF Inatsu, Yasuhiro Kitagawa, Tomoko Bari, Md. Latiful Nei, Daisuke Juneja, Vijay Kawamoto, Shinichi TI Effectiveness of Acidified Sodium Chlorite and Other Sanitizers to Control Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Tomato Surfaces SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ELECTROLYZED WATER; UNITED-STATES; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; CHINESE-CABBAGE; RAW TOMATOES; O157-H7; EFFICACY; DIOXIDE AB The use of a suitable sanitizer can reduce the risk of produce-related foodborne illnesses. We evaluated the effectiveness of several sanitizers to reduce inoculated Escherichia coli O157:H7 on the surface of cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiform). Depending on the method of inoculation (dipping/spotting), each of 80 g (eight tomatoes) of inoculated cherry tomatoes was washed in 400mL of sanitizer solutions or 400mL distilled water for 5 minutes. The effectiveness of sanitizers on spot-inoculated E. coli O157:H7 on tomato surfaces was found higher than on dip-inoculated tomatoes. Washing with water or chlorine water (0.1 g/L as free chlorine) could reduce 1.3 log CFU/g of E. coli O157:H7 in dip-inoculated (6.8 log CFU/g) tomatoes. Washing with lactic acid (LA) solution (1.0 g/L), phytic acid solution (1.0 g/L), calcinated seashells (oyster/sakhalin surf clam), and 1.0 g/L chitosan in 0.5 g/L LA (Chito) did not exhibit a significant higher effectiveness than that of water wash alone (1.0 log CFU/g). Acidified sodium chlorite (ASC) solution prepared from 0.5 g/L of sodium chlorite and 1.0 g/L LA or phytic acid reduced 3.5 log CFU/g of E. coli O157:H7 in dip-inoculated tomato surfaces. ASC (0.5 g/L of sodium chlorite and 1.0 g/L of LA) wash followed by a second wash with LA exhibited an additional sanitary effectiveness compared to a single wash with ASC. However, washing with ASC followed by a second wash with Chito exhibited an additional 1.0 log CFU/g reduction compared to a secondary wash with water. No significant difference of color, taste, and texture was observed among the washed cherry tomatoes. C1 [Inatsu, Yasuhiro; Kitagawa, Tomoko; Bari, Md. Latiful; Nei, Daisuke; Kawamoto, Shinichi] NARO, Natl Food Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. [Juneja, Vijay] ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Inatsu, Y (reprint author), NARO, Natl Food Res Inst, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. EM inatu@affrc.go.jp FU Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan [DI-7203] FX This work was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan (research project for ensuring food safety from farm to table DI-7203). NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 11 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 7 IS 6 BP 629 EP 635 DI 10.1089/fpd.2009.0429 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 605BJ UT WOS:000278322000004 PM 20113205 ER PT J AU Nicholls, DL Barber, V AF Nicholls, David Lee Barber, Valerie TI Character-Marked Red Alder Lumber from Southeastern Alaska: Profiled Panel Product Preferences by Residential Consumers SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY WOOD PRODUCTS; LOW-GRADE HARDWOOD; UNITED-STATES; FURNITURE AB Red alder (Alnus rubra Bong) lumber is widely used to produce furniture and other secondary wood products Tongue and groove (T&G) paneling is a product with potential niche applications and requires relatively small investments in processing equipment As such, it represents potential business opportunities for smaller wood products manufacturers in Alaska This study considered red alder paneling with various levels of character marks, ranging from clear wood to high levels of character Residential consumers evaluated four panels in Anchorage and Fairbanks, Alaska, and selected their overall favorite panels for potential use in their homes Character marks, grain consistency, and color also were evaluated for all panels Statistically significant differences were found between male and female respondents in their attribute ratings for three of the four panels and in color attribute ratings between Anchorage and Fairbanks respondents for the panels with high levels of character For all four panels, highly significant differences in mean ratings were found among the three attributes (character marks, grain consistency, and color) Market location was generally more significant than gender in influencing attribute ratings These results suggest that even though strong preferences may exist for clear wood in T&G panels, consumers are able to perceive and rate character mark features differently C1 [Nicholls, David Lee] Forest Serv, USDA, Sitka, AK USA. [Barber, Valerie] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Forest Prod Program, Palmer, AK USA. RP Nicholls, DL (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Sitka, AK USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 60 IS 4 BP 315 EP 321 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 685VQ UT WOS:000284656600002 ER PT J AU Binckley, CA Wipfli, MS Medhurst, RB Polivka, K Hessburg, P Salter, RB Kill, JY AF Binckley, Christopher A. Wipfli, Mark S. Medhurst, R. Bruce Polivka, Karl Hessburg, Paul Salter, R. Brion Kill, Joshua Y. TI Ecoregion and land-use influence invertebrate and detritus transport from headwater streams SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aquatic invertebrate; ecoregion; headwater stream; logging; subsidy ID ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS; RIPARIAN BUFFER WIDTH; ALDER ALNUS-RUBRA; AQUATIC FOOD WEBS; FINE SEDIMENT; MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATION; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; SUBSIDIES AB P>1. Habitats are often connected by fluxes of energy and nutrients across their boundaries. For example, headwater streams are linked to surrounding riparian vegetation through invertebrate and leaf litter inputs, and there is evidence that consumers in downstream habitats are subsidised by resources flowing from headwater systems. However, the strength of these linkages and the manner in which potential headwater subsidies vary along climatic and disturbance gradients are unknown. 2. We quantified the downstream transport of invertebrates, organic matter and inorganic sediment from 60 fishless headwater streams in the Wenatchee River Basin located on the eastern slope of the Cascade Range in Washington, U.S.A. Streams were classified into four groups (each n = 15) based on their position within two ecological subregions (wet and dry) and the extent of past timber harvest and road development (logged and unlogged). 3. Time and ecoregion were significant for all response variables as transport varied across sampling periods, and dry ecoregion streams displayed significantly higher mean values. Logged sites also generally showed higher mean transport, but only inorganic sediment transport was significantly higher in logged sites. Both ecoregion and land-use interacted significantly with time depending on the response variable. Differences among stream categories were driven by relatively low levels of transport in unlogged drainages of the wet ecoregion. Interestingly, unlogged dry ecoregion streams showed comparable transport rates to logged sites in the wet ecoregion. Dominance by deciduous riparian vegetation in all but unlogged streams in the wet ecoregion is a primary hypothesised mechanism determining transport dynamics in our study streams. 4. Understanding the quantity and variation of headwater subsidies across climate and disturbance gradients is needed to appreciate the significance of ecological linkages between headwaters and associated downstream habitats. This will enable the accurate assessment of resource management impacts on stream ecosystems. Predicting the consequences of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on headwater stream transport rates will require knowledge of how both local and regional factors influence these potential subsidies. Our results suggest that resources transported from headwater streams reflect both the meso-scale land-use surrounding these areas and the constraints imposed by the ecoregion in which they are embedded. C1 [Wipfli, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Polivka, Karl; Hessburg, Paul; Salter, R. Brion; Kill, Joshua Y.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA USA. RP Binckley, CA (reprint author), Arcadia Univ, Dept Biol, Glenside, PA 19038 USA. EM BinckleC@arcadia.edu FU Bonneville Power Administration [2003-017] FX We thank the Bonneville Power Administration for funding through the Integrated Status and Effectiveness Monitoring Project (Project number 2003-017). We thank the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station in Wenatchee, Chris Jordan and Pamela Nelle for administrative support, and Bessie Green, Karinne Knutsen, Jacob Layman and Andy McCracken, for their invaluable field and laboratory work. Finally, we thank Laura Del Giudice, Michael Kaller, John Richardson, Daynand Naik, Colin Town-send and two anonymous reviewers for greatly improving earlier versions of the manuscript. The use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1205 EP 1218 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02344.x PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 594GW UT WOS:000277525400005 ER PT J AU Fahey, TJ Woodbury, PB Battles, JJ Goodale, CL Hamburg, SP Ollinger, SV Woodall, CW AF Fahey, Timothy J. Woodbury, Peter B. Battles, John J. Goodale, Christine L. Hamburg, Steven P. Ollinger, Scott V. Woodall, Christopher W. TI Forest carbon storage: ecology, management, and policy SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID GREENHOUSE-GAS BALANCES; LAND-USE CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; LIFE-CYCLE; WOOD PRODUCTS; SEQUESTRATION; EMISSIONS; ECOSYSTEM; DEFORESTATION; SUBSTITUTION AB The objective of this review is to give ecologists and policy makers a better understanding of forest carbon dynamics and recent policy and management activities in this arena. The ecology of forest carbon is well understood, but measurement and projection of carbon sequestration at small scales can be costly. Some forest management activities qualify as offsets in various carbon markets. To promote wider use, a system is needed that will provide inexpensive and standardized approaches to forest carbon accounting that are not prone to dishonest handling. The prospects are fairly promising for development of such a system, but first, technical and organizational constraints must be overcome. In contrast, the benefits - in terms of greenhouse-gas reduction - of substituting wood for other building materials, and in displacing fossil fuel energy, could be realized immediately, if standards for calculations can be developed. C1 [Fahey, Timothy J.; Woodbury, Peter B.; Goodale, Christine L.] Cornell Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Battles, John J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hamburg, Steven P.] Environm Def Fund, New York, NY USA. [Ollinger, Scott V.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Woodall, Christopher W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. RP Fahey, TJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM tjf5@cornell.edu RI Battles, John/G-8233-2012; Ollinger, Scott/N-3380-2014; OI Battles, John/0000-0001-7124-7893; Ollinger, Scott/0000-0001-6226-1431; Woodbury, Peter/0000-0003-3954-7639; Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214 FU Hubbard Brook Research Foundation; Jessie B Cox Charitable Trust; Merck Family Fund; Robert and Patricia Switzer Foundation; Sudbury Foundation; Cornell University FX This article is a contribution from the Hubbard Brook Research Foundation with support from The Hubbard Brook Research Foundation's Science Links Carbon Project, with support from the Jessie B Cox Charitable Trust, Merck Family Fund, Robert and Patricia Switzer Foundation, and Sudbury Foundation, and with in-kind support from Cornell University. We would like to acknowledge the following individuals for their contributions to the development of this manuscript: D Sleeper, R Sherman, J Jenkins, D Weinstein, E Bateson, and C Driscoll. NR 44 TC 97 Z9 109 U1 5 U2 62 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 8 IS 5 BP 245 EP 252 DI 10.1890/080169 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 607OT UT WOS:000278515600013 ER PT J AU Scheller, RM Sturtevant, BR Gustafson, EJ Ward, BC Mladenoff, DJ AF Scheller, Robert M. Sturtevant, Brian R. Gustafson, Eric J. Ward, Brendan C. Mladenoff, David J. TI Increasing the reliability of ecological models using modern software engineering techniques SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID LANDSCAPE SIMULATION-MODEL; LANDIS; VALIDATION; SUCCESSION; BIOMASS; DESIGN; MODULE AB Modern software development techniques are largely unknown to ecologists. Typically, ecological models and other software tools are developed for limited research purposes, and additional capabilities are added later, usually in an ad hoc manner. Modern software engineering techniques can substantially increase scientific rigor and confidence in ecological models and tools. These techniques have the potential to transform how ecological software is conceived and developed, improve precision, reduce errors, and increase scientific credibility. We describe our re-engineering of the forest landscape model LANDIS (LANdscape DIsturbance and Succession) to illustrate the advantages of using common software engineering practices. C1 [Scheller, Robert M.; Ward, Brendan C.] Conservat Biol Inst, Corvallis, OR USA. [Sturtevant, Brian R.; Gustafson, Eric J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI USA. [Mladenoff, David J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI USA. RP Scheller, RM (reprint author), Conservat Biol Inst, Corvallis, OR USA. EM rmschell@pdx.edu RI Scheller, Robert/B-3135-2009 FU US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Northern Research Station; National Fire Plan FX B Cummings first introduced us to software development processes and challenged us to adopt software engineering techniques. J Domingo implemented the core LANDIS-II architecture. J Fisk, T Spies, M Moran, and others provided critical feedback on the manuscript. Some key concepts underlying the LANDIS-II architecture, including modularity and the use of dlls, were elucidated through a series of LANDIS development workshops. In addition to the authors, key contributors to the workshops included H He, W Li, ZB Shang, J Yang, D Lytle, and S Shifley. Funding for LANDIS-II was provided by the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Northern Research Station, and the National Fire Plan. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 15 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 8 IS 5 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1890/080141 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 607OT UT WOS:000278515600014 ER PT J AU Laughlin, DC Leppert, JJ Moore, MM Sieg, CH AF Laughlin, Daniel C. Leppert, Jessica J. Moore, Margaret M. Sieg, Carolyn Hull TI A multi-trait test of the leaf-height-seed plant strategy scheme with 133 species from a pine forest flora SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE comparative ecology; functional traits; leaf economics spectrum; litter decomposition; nitrogen; seed mass; specific leaf area; specific root length ID RELATIVE GROWTH-RATE; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; ECOLOGICAL STRATEGIES; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; FUNCTIONAL TRAITS; ROOT MORPHOLOGY; SIZE; GRASSLAND; GRADIENTS; WORLDWIDE AB P>1. Westoby's [Plant and Soil (1998), 199, 213] Leaf-Height-Seed (LHS) plant strategy scheme quantifies the strategy of a plant based on its location in a three-dimensional space defined by three functional traits: specific leaf area (SLA), height, and seed mass. This scheme is based on aboveground traits and may neglect strategies of belowground resource capture if root functioning is not mirrored in any of the axes. How then do fine roots fit into the LHS scheme? 2. We measured 10 functional traits on 133 plant species in a ponderosa pine forest in northern Arizona, USA. This data set was used to evaluate how well the LHS scheme accounts for the variation in above and belowground traits. 3. The three most important plant strategies were composed of multiple correlated traits, but SLA, seed mass, and height loaded on separate principle components. The first axis reflected the widely observed 'leaf economics spectrum'. Species at the high end of this spectrum had high SLA, high leaf and fine root nitrogen (N) concentration, and low leaf dry matter content. The second axis reflected variation in seed mass and fine root morphology. Plants at the positive end of this spectrum were plants with large seeds and low specific root length (SRL). The third axis reflected variation in height and phenology. Plants at the positive end of this spectrum were tall species that flower late in the growing season. 4. Leaf N concentration was positively correlated with fine root N concentration. SRL was weakly positively correlated with SLA. SRL was not correlated with fine root N concentration. Leaf litter decomposition rate was positively correlated with the leaf economics spectrum and was negatively correlated with the height and phenology spectrum. 5. Leaf traits, seed mass, and height appear to be integrating properties of species that reflect much of the variation in plant function, including root function. Fine root N concentration was positively mirrored by the leaf economics spectrum, and SRL was inversely mirrored by seed mass. The leaf and height axes play a role in controlling leaf litter decomposability, indicating that these strategy axes have important consequences for ecosystem functioning. C1 [Laughlin, Daniel C.; Moore, Margaret M.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Laughlin, Daniel C.; Leppert, Jessica J.] No Arizona Univ, Ecol Restorat Inst, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Sieg, Carolyn Hull] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Laughlin, DC (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, POB 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Daniel.Laughlin@nau.edu RI Laughlin, Daniel/G-8855-2012 FU Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS) [08-JV-11221633-233]; Northern Arizona University (NAU) School of Forestry; Ecological Restoration Institute (ERI); NAU Hooper Undergraduate Research Award FX We thank P. Fule, M. Kearsley, S. Hart, I. Wright, L. Poorter and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by a Joint Venture Agreement (#08-JV-11221633-233) with the Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS), McIntire-Stennis appropriations to the Northern Arizona University (NAU) School of Forestry, and the Ecological Restoration Institute (ERI). J. Leppert was supported by a NAU Hooper Undergraduate Research Award. NR 57 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 11 U2 73 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 24 IS 3 BP 493 EP 501 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01672.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 581FW UT WOS:000276508000002 ER PT J AU Aradhya, MK Stover, E Velasco, D Koehmstedt, A AF Aradhya, Mallikarjuna K. Stover, Ed Velasco, Dianne Koehmstedt, Anne TI Genetic structure and differentiation in cultivated fig (Ficus carica L.) SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE Ficus carica; Genetic polymorphism; Microsatellite; Genetic diversity; Population structure ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; ISOZYME VARIATION; DIVERSITY; INDIVIDUALS; INFERENCE; DISTANCE; PROGRAM; NUMBER AB One hundred ninety-four germplasm accessions of fig representing the four fig types, Common, Smyrna, San Pedro, and Caprifig were analyzed for genetic diversity, structure, and differentiation using genetic polymorphism at 15 microsatellite loci. The collection showed considerable polymorphism with observed number of alleles per locus ranging from four for five different loci, MFC4, LMFC14, LMFC22, LMFC31 and LMFC35 to nine for LMFC30 with an average of 4.9 alleles per locus. Seven of the 15 loci included in the genetic structure analyses exhibited significant deviation from panmixia, of which two showed excess and five showed deficiency of heterozygote. The cluster analysis (CA) revealed ten groups with 32 instances of synonymy among cultivars and groups differed significantly for frequency and composition of alleles for different loci. The principal components analysis (PCA) confirmed the results of CA with some groups more differentiated than the others. Further, the model based Bayesian approach clustering suggested a subtle population structure with mixed ancestry for most figs. The gene diversity analysis indicated that much of the total variation is found within groups (H (G) /H (T) = 0.853; 85.3%) and the among groups within total component (G (GT) = 0.147) accounted for the remaining 14.7%, of which similar to 64% accounted for among groups within clusters (G (GC) = 0.094) and similar to 36% among clusters (G (CT) = 0.053). The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed approximately similar results with nearly 87% of variation within groups and similar to 10% among groups within clusters, and similar to 3% among clusters. Overall, the gene pool of cultivated fig analyzed possesses substantial genetic polymorphism but exhibits narrow differentiation. It is evident that fig accessions from Turkmenistan are somewhat genetically different from the rest of the Mediterranean and the Caucasus figs. The long history of domestication and cultivation with widespread dispersal of cultivars with many synonyms has resulted in a great deal of confusion in the identification and classification of cultivars in fig. C1 [Aradhya, Mallikarjuna K.; Stover, Ed; Velasco, Dianne; Koehmstedt, Anne] Univ Calif Davis, ARS, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Aradhya, MK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, ARS, USDA, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Aradhya@ucdavis.edu NR 39 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD JUN PY 2010 VL 138 IS 6 BP 681 EP 694 DI 10.1007/s10709-010-9442-3 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 589HZ UT WOS:000277139100010 PM 20217187 ER PT J AU Mi, XJ Eskridge, K Wang, D Baenziger, PS Campbell, BT Gill, KS Dweikat, I AF Mi, Xiaojuan Eskridge, Kent Wang, Dong Baenziger, P. Stephen Campbell, B. Todd Gill, Kulvinder S. Dweikat, Ismail TI Bayesian mixture structural equation modelling in multiple-trait QTL mapping SO GENETICS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; GIBBS SAMPLER; LOCI; REGRESSION; SELECTION; CROSSES; MARKERS; WHEAT AB Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping often results in data on a number of traits that have well-established causal relationships. Many multi-trait QTL mapping methods that account for correlation among the multiple traits have been developed to improve the statistical power and the precision of QTL parameter estimation. However, none of these methods are capable of incorporating the causal structure among the traits. Consequently, genetic functions of the QTL may not be fully understood. In this paper, we developed a Bayesian multiple QTL mapping method for causally related traits using a mixture structural equation model (SEM), which allows researchers to decompose QTL effects into direct, indirect and total effects. Parameters are estimated based on their marginal posterior distribution. The posterior distributions of parameters are estimated using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods such as the Gibbs sampler and the Metropolis Hasting algorithm. The number of QTLs affecting traits is determined by the Bayes factor. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated by simulation study and applied to data from a wheat experiment. Compared with single trait Bayesian analysis, our proposed method not only improved the statistical power of QTL detection, accuracy and precision of parameter estimates but also provided important insight into how genes regulate traits directly and indirectly by fitting a more biologically sensible model. C1 [Mi, Xiaojuan; Eskridge, Kent; Wang, Dong] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Baenziger, P. Stephen; Dweikat, Ismail] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Campbell, B. Todd] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Gill, Kulvinder S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Eskridge, K (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM keskridg@unlserve.unl.edu RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0016-6723 EI 1469-5073 J9 GENET RES JI Genet. Res. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 92 IS 3 BP 239 EP 250 DI 10.1017/S0016672310000236 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 643DM UT WOS:000281274300007 PM 20667167 ER PT J AU Kuhlman, LC Burson, BL Stelly, DM Klein, PE Klein, RR Price, HJ Rooney, WL AF Kuhlman, Les C. Burson, Byron L. Stelly, David M. Klein, Patricia E. Klein, Robert R. Price, H. J. Rooney, William L. TI Early-generation germplasm introgression from Sorghum macrospermum into sorghum (S. bicolor) SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Sorghum bicolor; introgression; fluorescent in situ hybridization; genomic in situ hybridization; Sorghum macrospermum ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; POLLEN-TUBE GROWTH; L. MOENCH; CHROMOSOME; WHEAT; WILD; MAP; RECOMBINATION; RESISTANCE; HALEPENSE AB Sorghum has been improved by public and private breeding programs utilizing germplasm mostly from within the species Sorghum bicolor. Recently. hybridization with an Australian species. S. macrospermum (AAB(1)B(1)YYZZ). has been demonstrated and the genomic relationship to S. bicolor (AAB(1)B(1)) shown to be partially compatible. For this species to be potentially useful to sorghum improvement programs. there must be documented introgression into an S. bicolor background. Fifteen BC(1)F(1) progeny were recovered using the hum-specific hybrid as a female and embryo rescue. In these progeny. chromosome numbers ranged from 35 to 70 and all were essentially male-sterile. Repeated backcrossing with S. bicolor pollen produced BC(2)F(1) seed on 3 of the 15 BC(1)F(1) plants. BC(2)F(1) progeny had varying levels of male fertility: selfed seed set ranged from 0% to 95%, with only 2 individuals being completely male-sterile. Using AFLP and SSR markers, genomic introgression of S. macrospermum ranged from 0% to 18.6%. Cytogenetic analysis of 19 individuals revealed that chromosome numbers were 20, except for a single backcross that had 21 chromosomes. Molecular cytogenetic analysis confirmed the presence of recombinant introgression chromosomes as well as alien addition and alien substitution chromosomes within the BC(2)F(1)s. C1 [Kuhlman, Les C.; Stelly, David M.; Price, H. J.; Rooney, William L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Burson, Byron L.; Klein, Robert R.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Klein, Patricia E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Rooney, WL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM wlr@tamu.edu OI Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119 NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD JUN PY 2010 VL 53 IS 6 BP 419 EP 429 DI 10.1139/G10-027 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 628ER UT WOS:000280097800001 PM 20555431 ER PT J AU Oliver, RE Obert, DE Hu, G Bonman, JM O'Leary-Jepsen, E Jackson, EW AF Oliver, R. E. Obert, D. E. Hu, G. Bonman, J. M. O'Leary-Jepsen, E. Jackson, E. W. TI Development of oat-based markers from barley and wheat microsatellites SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Avena; linkage map; microsatellite; simple sequence repeat ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; PCR-BASED MARKERS; RUST RESISTANCE; HEXAPLOID OAT; SSR-MARKERS; PUCCINIA-CORONATA; DISEASE RISK; AVENA-SATIVA; BETA-GLUCAN; LINKAGE MAP AB Although microsatellites are an efficient and reliable genetic marker system, availability is limited in cultivated oat (Arena sativa L.). Previous research has suggested that microsatellites from related species may be adapted to oat. This study investigated the stability of existing oat microsatellites, sequenced polymorphic oat amplicons derived from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) primers, and redesigned primers to develop oat-based markers. We evaluated 161 published oat microsatellites and identified 9 with polymorphism between mapping parents Ogle 1040 and TAM O-301 (OT). We also studied 30 wheat, I Aegilops tauschii Coss., and 9 barley primers with reported oat polymorphism. Sixteen primers (1 A. tauschii, 10 wheat. 5 barley) amplified random oat sequences and were used to generate 28 new oat STS markers. Eight primers, 4 each from wheat and barley, amplified oat repetitive motifs, generating 10 new oat SSRs. Four additional SSRs were developed from characterization of thaumatin-like pathogenesis-related protein sequences formerly utilized as the Rast1-4 oat marker. These new markers, along with 9 existing oat SSRs and 6 previously identified disease resistance loci. were mapped in the OT population, joining 3 pairs of linkage groups. Map locations of multiallelic SSRs and disease-resistance QTL interactions suggested possible homoeologous relationships among the oat chromosomes. C1 [Oliver, R. E.; Obert, D. E.; Hu, G.; Bonman, J. M.; Jackson, E. W.] ARS, USDA, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [O'Leary-Jepsen, E.] Idaho State Univ, Mol Res Core Facil, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Jackson, EW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM Eric.Jackson@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD JUN PY 2010 VL 53 IS 6 BP 458 EP 471 DI 10.1139/G10-021 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 628ER UT WOS:000280097800005 PM 20555435 ER PT J AU Njambere, EN Vandemark, G Chen, WD AF Njambere, Evans Nyaga Vandemark, George Chen, Weidong TI Development and characterization of microsatellite markers of the fungal plant pathogen Sclerotinia trifoliorum SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE microsatellite loci; Sclerotinia; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Sclerotinia minor; Sclerotinia homaeocarpa ID LOCI AB Sclerotinia trifoliorum is an important pathogen of forage legumes and some grain legumes. Attempts to study its population biology using microsatellite markers developed for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotinia subarctica resulted in no amplification or low levels of polymorphism. This study reports the development and characterization of 33 microsatellite loci developed from a microsatellite-enriched library of S. trifoliorum. Based on a population of 42 isolates of S. trifoliorum. these microsatellite markers are highly polymorphic, with a mean of 6.5 alleles per locus (range 3-12) and a mean expected heterozygosity of 0.63 (range 0.26-0.9). Based on locations of these marker sequences in the S. sclerotiorum genome, these microsatellite loci are dispersed throughout the genome. However, 50% (265 of 528) of pairwise comparisons of the 33 microsatellite loci had significant linkage disequilibrium, which could be explained by the mixed mating systems (homothallism and heterothallism) and clonal reproduction of S. trifoliorum. Thirty of the 33 loci were successfully applied to S. sclerotiorum, and 28 loci were polymorphic. However, only 10 loci are applicable to Sclerotinia minor and 1 locus to Sclerotinia homoeocarpa. These markers are therefore useful for population structure assessment. C1 [Vandemark, George; Chen, Weidong] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Vandemark, George; Chen, Weidong] Washington State Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Njambere, Evans Nyaga] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Chen, WD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM w-chen@wsu.edu FU USDA Agricultural Research Service National Sclerotinia Initiative FX We thank Barbara Shew, Barry M. Pryor, Lane Tredway, Lindsey Du Toit, Mike Boehm, Mike Matheron, and Steven T. Koike for providing isolates for this study. We also thank Tobin Peever, Dennis Johnson, and Frank Dugan for reviewing the manuscript. The research was funded in part by the USDA Agricultural Research Service National Sclerotinia Initiative. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD JUN PY 2010 VL 53 IS 6 BP 494 EP 500 DI 10.1139/G10-019 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 628ER UT WOS:000280097800008 PM 20555438 ER PT J AU Bedison, JE Scatena, FN Plante, AF Gonzalez, G AF Bedison, James E. Scatena, Frederick N. Plante, Alain F. Gonzalez, Grizelle TI Spatial controls on carbon quality along an elevational gradient in Northeastern Puerto Rico SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Knoxville, TN C1 [Bedison, James E.; Scatena, Frederick N.; Plante, Alain F.] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Gonzalez, Grizelle] US Forest Serv, Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. EM jbedison@sas.upenn.edu; fns@sas.upenn.edu; aplante@sas.upenn.edu; ggonzalez@fs.fed.us RI Plante, Alain/C-3498-2008 OI Plante, Alain/0000-0003-0124-6187 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 12 SU 1 BP A68 EP A68 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 676TL UT WOS:000283941401317 ER PT J AU Keller, CK Balogh-Brunstad, Z O'Brien, R Bormann, BT AF Keller, C. K. Balogh-Brunstad, Z. O'Brien, R. Bormann, B. T. TI Chemical weathering and chemical denudation as functions of ecosystem development: Mesoscale experiments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Knoxville, TN C1 [Keller, C. K.] Washington State Univ, SEES, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Balogh-Brunstad, Z.] Hartwick Coll, Oneonta, NY 13820 USA. [O'Brien, R.] Allegheny Coll, Meadville, PA 16335 USA. [Bormann, B. T.] Forest Serv PNW, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ckkeller@wsu.edu RI Keller, C/B-3205-2012 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 12 SU 1 BP A504 EP A504 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 676TL UT WOS:000283941401578 ER PT J AU Magrini, K Davis, M Follett, R Hoover, C Evans, R AF Magrini, K. Davis, M. Follett, R. Hoover, C. Evans, R. TI Rapid identification and quantification of soil organic carbon forms using pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Knoxville, TN C1 [Magrini, K.; Davis, M.; Evans, R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Follett, R.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Hoover, C.] US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM kim.magrini@nrel.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 12 SU 1 BP A657 EP A657 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 676TL UT WOS:000283941402018 ER PT J AU Gonzalo, M Holland, JB Vyn, TJ McIntyre, LM AF Gonzalo, M. Holland, J. B. Vyn, T. J. McIntyre, L. M. TI Direct mapping of density response in a population of B73 x Mo17 recombinant inbred lines of maize (Zea Mays L.) SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE epistasis; density response; yield; QTL mapping ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ABSCISIC-ACID CONCENTRATION; ANTHESIS-SILKING INTERVAL; SEQUENCE REPEAT MARKERS; NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY; DROUGHT-STRESSED MAIZE; PHYSIOLOGICAL-BASIS; MOLECULAR MARKERS; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; GRAIN-YIELD AB Maize yield per unit area has dramatically increased over time as have plant population densities, but the genetic basis for plant response to density is unknown as is its stability over environments. To elucidate the genetic basis of plant response to density in maize, we mapped QTL for plant density-related traits in a population of 186 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross of inbred lines B73 and Mo17. All RILs were evaluated for growth, development, and yield traits at moderate (50 000 plants per hectare) and high (100 000 plants per hectare) plant densities. The results show that genetic control of the traits evaluated is multigenic in their response to density. Five of the seven loci significant for final height showed statistical evidence for epistatic interactions. Other traits such as days to anthesis, anthesis-to-silking interval, barrenness, ears per plant, and yield per plant all showed statistical evidence for an epistatic interaction. Locus by density interactions are of critical importance for anthesis-to-silking interval, barrenness, and ears per plant. A second independent experiment to examine the stability of QTL for barrenness in a new environment clearly showed that the multilocus QTL were stable across environments in their differential response to density. In this verification experiment, the four-locus QTL was used to choose lines with the four unfavorable alleles and compare them with the lines with four favorable alleles and the effect was confirmed. Heredity (2010) 104, 583-599; doi: 10.1038/hdy.2009.140; published online 4 November 2009 C1 [McIntyre, L. M.] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [McIntyre, L. M.] Univ Florida, Genet Inst, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Gonzalo, M.] Nidera SA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Holland, J. B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Gonzalo, M.; Vyn, T. J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP McIntyre, LM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM mcintyre@ufl.edu RI McIntyre, Lauren/J-8414-2012 OI McIntyre, Lauren/0000-0002-0077-3359 NR 68 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X EI 1365-2540 J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD JUN PY 2010 VL 104 IS 6 BP 583 EP 599 DI 10.1038/hdy.2009.140 PG 17 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 598IH UT WOS:000277828500008 PM 19888291 ER PT J AU Birkeland, MJ Lorenz, L Wescott, JM Frihart, CR AF Birkeland, Michael J. Lorenz, Linda Wescott, James M. Frihart, Charles R. TI Determination of native (wood derived) formaldehyde by the desiccator method in particleboards generated during panel production SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE adhesives; environmental analysis; formaldehyde emission; no-added formaldehyde (NAF) adhesive; soy-based adhesives; wood adhesion ID EMISSIONS AB Hot-pressing wood, particularly in the production of wood composites, generates significant "native" (wood-based) formaldehyde (FA), even in the absence of adhesive. The level of native FA relates directly to the time and temperature of hot-pressing. This native FA dissipates in a relatively short time and is not part of the long-term FA emission issue commonly associated with hydrolyzing urea-formaldehyde bonds. This paper demonstrates that the common desiccator/chromotropic acid method is very specific for FA and is not influenced by other volatile compounds set free from wood during hot-pressing. Furthermore, it is shown that particle-board produces native FA at high levels even in the absence of adhesives or in the presence of one type of no-added formaldehyde (NAF) adhesive. Soy-based adhesives suppress native FA emission and provide low FA emission levels in both the short and long term. This study highlights an often overlooked aspect that should be considered for emission testing: standardizing the time and conditions employed immediately after pressing and prior to the onset of emissions testing. Addressing this issue in more detail would improve the reliability of correlation between data obtained by rapid process monitoring methods and emission measurements in large chambers. C1 [Birkeland, Michael J.; Wescott, James M.] Heartland Resource Technol, Pasadena, CA 91107 USA. [Lorenz, Linda; Frihart, Charles R.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Birkeland, MJ (reprint author), Heartland Resource Technol, 3320 Yorkshire Rd, Pasadena, CA 91107 USA. EM mbirkelandhrt@yahoo.com NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PD JUN PY 2010 VL 64 IS 4 BP 429 EP 433 DI 10.1515/HF.2010.070 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 621OK UT WOS:000279588400004 ER PT J AU Elder, T AF Elder, Thomas TI A computational study of pyrolysis reactions of lignin model compounds SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE bond dissociation enthalpy; CBS-4m; free radicals; lignin model compounds; pyrolysis ID PHENETHYL PHENYL ETHERS; BOND-DISSOCIATION ENTHALPIES; LOW-TEMPERATURE THERMOLYSIS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; CHAIN HYDROXYL-GROUPS; ALPHA/BETA-SELECTIVITIES; CLEAVAGE; DIMERS; PREDICTION; LINKAGES AB Enthalpies of reaction for the initial steps in the pyrolysis of lignin have been evaluated at the CBS-4m level of theory using fully substituted beta-O-4 dilignols. Values for competing unimolecular decomposition reactions are consistent with results previously published for phenethyl phenyl ether models, but with lowered selectivity. Chain propagating reactions of free radicals with a closed-shell dilignol are dominated by structures in which extensive electron delocalization occurs. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Elder, T (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM telder@fs.fed.us FU Alabama Supercomputer Authority FX The author gratefully acknowledges the support of the Alabama Supercomputer Authority and the assistance of Dr. David C. Young, Dr. John Kush and Dr. Raymond C. Fort Jr. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 22 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PD JUN PY 2010 VL 64 IS 4 BP 435 EP 440 DI 10.1515/HF.2010.086 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 621OK UT WOS:000279588400005 ER PT J AU Shortle, WC Dudzik, KR Smith, KT AF Shortle, Walter C. Dudzik, Kenneth R. Smith, Kevin T. TI Development of wood decay in wound-initiated discolored wood of eastern red cedar SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE decay resistance; discolored wood; "included sapwood"; wood properties ID ATTRIBUTES AFFECTING PATTERNS; REGROWTH EUCALYPT FOREST; INCLUDED SAPWOOD; LIVING TREES; HEARTWOOD; RESISTANCE AB Logs of eastern red cedar, Juniperus virginiana L., with well-developed bands of light-colored wood ("included sapwood") within heartwood can be unsuitable for sawn wood products. This finding is in contrast to published information that the "included sapwood" is (1) a heartwood anomaly rather than sapwood and (2) its occurrence is not a reason to exclude this type of wood from commercial use. The alternative view presented here is that "included sapwood" is wound-initiated discolored wood which is the starting point for wood decay in living trees and which has adversely altered wood properties before the development of decay symptoms. Our study of the patterns of discoloration and decay, electrical resistance properties, elemental analysis, wood acidity, solubility in dilute NaOH, total phenol content, and tests of wood decay resistance indicated that the so-called included sapwood was discolored wood. This light-colored discolored wood had no greater decay resistance than sapwood, a common finding in other tree species in which "included sapwood" is found. Half the sample disks sent to our laboratory had symptomatic decay within the bands of light-colored discolored wood bounded by a phenol-enriched protective layer on the bark side and phenol-enriched heartwood on the pith side of the band. This ring-rot, even in its pre-symptomatic stage, can cause problems during processing for sawn wood products. Therefore, logs with well-developed bands of light-colored discolored wood should be considered high-risk material for some products, although they could be useful for others. C1 [Shortle, Walter C.; Dudzik, Kenneth R.; Smith, Kevin T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH USA. RP Shortle, WC (reprint author), 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM wshortle@fs.fed.us NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PD JUN PY 2010 VL 64 IS 4 BP 529 EP 536 DI 10.1515/HF.2010.051 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 621OK UT WOS:000279588400018 ER PT J AU Weng, YQ Johnson, S Staub, JE Huang, SW AF Weng, Yiqun Johnson, Shanna Staub, Jack E. Huang, Sanwen TI An Extended Intervarietal Microsatellite Linkage Map of Cucumber, Cucumis sativus L. SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SSR; genetic mapping; little leaf; determinate growth habit ID MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES; QTL ANALYSIS; HORTICULTURAL TRAITS; PHENOTYPIC SELECTION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; GENOME; CONSTRUCTION; RESISTANCE AB A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from two cultivated cucumber (Cucumis sativus var. sativus L., 2n = 2x = 14) lines, Gy7 (synonym G421) and H-19, was previously used to map yield and fruit quality components. However, the map consisted mainly of dominant markers (i.e., random amplified polymorphic DNAs or amplified fragment length polymorphisms) limiting its use in plant improvement and map-based gene cloning. We report here a moderately saturated genetic map derived from this RIL population that incorporates codominant microsatellite [simple sequence repeat (SSR)] markers and two architectural traits, little leaf (ll) and determinate (de), growth habit. Of 821 cucumber genomic SSR primer pairs evaluated for map construction, 140 (17.0%) were polymorphic between the mapping parents. In combination with 42 previously mapped sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) and SSR makers, these polymorphic markers were used to construct a linkage map with 46 RILs and 176 mapped loci spanning approximate to 400 cM across seven linkage groups (LG). The numbers of loci mapped on LG 1 through 7 were 11, 6, 35, 18, 46, 45, and 15, respectively. The ll locus was flanked by SSR02355 and SSR03940 (4.2 and 3.6 cM from ll, respectively), and de was flanked by CSWCTT14b and SSR13251 (1.4 and 4.2 cM from the de, respectively). The SSR markers linked with the de and ll genes were mapped to Chromosome 6. No recombination suppression was detected among the mapped loci examined. This Gy7 x H-19 RIL-based genetic map shared 94 marker loci with a previously reported Rh-based linkage map derived from a wide cross between C. sativus var. swims line Gy14 and C. sativus var. hardwickii Alef. R. PI 183967. Comparative mapping supported previous findings that genomic differences (likely chromosomal rearrangements) exist between Gy14 and PI 183967. C1 [Weng, Yiqun; Staub, Jack E.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Weng, Yiqun; Johnson, Shanna] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Huang, Sanwen] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Vegetables & Flowers, Beijing 10081, Peoples R China. RP Weng, YQ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM yiqun.weng@ars.usda.gov OI Huang, Sanwen/0000-0002-8547-5309 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2010 VL 45 IS 6 BP 882 EP 886 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 614BX UT WOS:000279031100006 ER PT J AU Wood, BW Wells, L Funderburke, F AF Wood, Bruce W. Wells, Lenny Funderburke, Frank TI Influence of Elevating Tree Potassium on Fruit Drop and Yield of Pecan SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Carya illinoinensis; nutrient disorder; deficiency; June drop; flower abortion; quality; kernel quality; fertilizers; management; potash ID PISTILLATE FLOWER; STUART PECAN; ABORTION; GROWTH; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CULTIVAR; NITROGEN; KOCH AB Excessive Stage II fruit drop (i.e., June drop) often limits profitability of certain pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] cultivars. Anecdotal evidence indicates that one cause of drop is linked to a nutrient element deficiency. This study examines the consequences of improving tree potassium (K) nutrition on fruit drop, nutmeat yield, and kernel quality (i.e., % kernel) in 'Desirable' orchards in which generally accepted foliar analysis standards indicate satisfactory tree K nutritional status (i.e., 0.75% or greater to 2.5% K/dry weight). Multiyear field studies of two such orchards found that elevating leaf and fruit K concentration through soil banding of potash over drip irrigation emitters: 1) increased fruit retention by reducing Stage 11 fruit drop; 2) increased in-shell nut yield; and 3) increased nut quality by increasing percentage kernel. Potash applied through soil banding elevated foliar and fruit K concentration by approximate to 0.1% to 0.4% units within a few months post-application depending on the amount applied; however, the beneficial effects of a single potash soil band application diminished after the first year. A comparison of the K concentration of retained fruit versus abscised fruit during the Stage H fruit drop window found that retained fruit possessed endogenous K concentrations of 1.2% to 1.7% (dry weight basis) in one orchard and 1.45% to 1.9% in a second orchard, whereas aborted fruit possessed K at 0.65% to 1.2% in one orchard and 0.75% to 1.2% in a second orchard, respectively, thus establishing approximate to 1.25% K as a "drop threshold" under conditions of this study. The total K concentration of retained fruit is typically 0.25% to 0.50 K/dry weight greater than dropped fruit. Considerable K-associated late-spring fruit drop can occur in 'Desirable', although early- to midsummer leaf analysis indicates trees were K-sufficient, hence implying that young fruit likely possesses a higher K requirement than does foliage. These K-associated benefits to trees meeting accepted K sufficiency criteria is evidence that K nutrition management of 'Desirable' pecan merits r-evaluation and possibly pecan K nutrition in general. C1 [Wood, Bruce W.] ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Wells, Lenny] Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Funderburke, Frank] Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. RP Wood, BW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM bruce.wood@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2010 VL 45 IS 6 BP 911 EP 917 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 614BX UT WOS:000279031100011 ER PT J AU Poss, JA Russell, WB Bonos, SA Grieve, CM AF Poss, James A. Russell, Walter B. Bonos, Stacy A. Grieve, Catherine M. TI Salt Tolerance and Canopy Reflectance of Kentucky Bluegrass Cultivars SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biomass; kentucky bluegrass selections; hyperspectral leaf reflectance; relative moisture content; remote sensing; salinity stress; water quality ID SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; TEXAS BLUEGRASS; WATER RELATIONS; NACL TOLERANCE; ABSCISIC-ACID; REUSE WATER; STRESS; RESPONSES; NITROGEN; GROWTH AB Six cultivars or selections of kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) were grown outdoors from vegetative clones in a gravelly sand medium from Apr. to Sept. 2005 in Riverside, CA, at soil water salinities ranging from 2 to 22 dS.m(-1). Cultivars Baron, Brilliant, Cabernet, Eagleton, Midnight, and the selection A01-856, a 'Texas' x kentucky bluegrass hybrid (P. arachnifera x P. pratensis), were evaluated for salt tolerance based on relative and absolute cumulative biomass production, growth rates, leaf chloride concentration, and hyperspectral ground-based remote sensing (RS) canopy reflectance measurements. Remotely sensed indices were linearly correlated with absolute biomass production. Three variations of a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVIred, NDVIprotein, and NDVIinfra) decreased with increasing salinity-induced changes in grass canopies. An index based on the red-edge inflection point increased (became less negative) with increasing salinity. A Floating Water Band Index decreased with decreased leaf moisture content related to increasing salinity but did not discriminate between cultivars. Shoot spreading rate and NDVIinfra were both related to shoot chloride concentration differences among the kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L) (KBG) cultivars or selections. In theory, non-destructive RS monitoring of above-ground turf development, including NDVIinfra, coupled with measurement of leaf chloride concentrations could be useful in turf salt tolerance breeding programs. Salt tolerance rankings among the KBG cultivars varied depending on the evaluation methods and selection criteria used. Based on absolute and relative biomass, growth rate, and RS, cultivars Baron, Brilliant, and Eagleton were rated as more salt-tolerant than 'Cabernet', 'Midnight', and AO1-856. C1 [Poss, James A.; Russell, Walter B.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Bonos, Stacy A.] Rutgers State Univ, Plant Biol & Pathol Dept, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Grieve, Catherine M.] USDA ARS, PWA Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Poss, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM James.Poss@usda.ars.gov NR 38 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2010 VL 45 IS 6 BP 952 EP 960 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 614BX UT WOS:000279031100017 ER PT J AU Green, SR Picchioni, GA Murray, LW Wall, MM AF Green, Sabine R. Picchioni, Geno A. Murray, Leigh W. Wall, Marisa M. TI Yield and Quality of Field-grown Celosia and Globe Amaranth Cut Flowers at Four Plant Densities SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dried flower specialty crops; Gomphrena globosa; Gomphrena haageana; Celosia spicata; Celosia argentea; small farms ID ARGENTEA; SALINE; WATER AB Field-grown cut and dried flowers could provide a high-value crop selection for New Mexico. We conducted a 1-year field study to evaluate flower yield and quality characteristics of common globe amaranth (Gomphrena globosa), 'Strawberry Fields' globe amaranth (Gomphrena haageana), cockscomb celosia (Celosia argentea var. cristata 'Chief Mix'), and wheat celosia (Celosia spicata 'Pink Candle'). Within-row spacing of 15 or 20 cm combined with two-row or three-row per bed plantings resulted in field planting densities ranging from 66,670 to 120,010 plants/ha of common globe amaranth and 'Strawberry Fields' globe amaranth, and 100,005 to 200,010 plants/ha of cockscomb and wheat celosia. All but cockscomb celosia produced four harvests that began 22 May and ended 18 Oct., depending on species. Both globe amaranth species had a 5- to 6-month harvest season, two to three midseason to late-season peak harvests, and over 1000 harvested stems totaling 1.4 to 1.8 kg dry weight per 1.5-m(2) plot across the season. Both celosia species had a 4.5-month harvest season, one early summer peak harvest, and fewer than 300 harvested stems totaling 0.6 to 0.7 kg dry weight per plot for the year. Seasonally progressive increases in flowering stem length of both globe amaranth species and wheat celosia, and in flowering stem diameter of both globe amaranth species and cockscomb celosia, were observed. Flowering head size of both globe amaranth species and of wheat celosia varied little with harvest season, whereas the head diameter of cockscomb celosia increased with the season. Post-harvest flower retention after mechanical impact was about 2% higher for common globe amaranth than it was for 'Strawberry Fields' globe amaranth, decreased by about 6% from early to later harvests for both celosia species, and was inversely related to the head size of both globe amaranth species and cockscomb celosia. Despite the wide range in planting density, the density effect was largely limited to cockscomb celosia. For that species, three-row planting (high density) increased the total number of spray flower (multiple head) stems, provided longer stems later into the season and wider heads midway into the season, and prolonged the production of spray stems (15-cm spacing only). Results demonstrate that these four species are excellent candidates as new specialty crops in semiarid conditions. C1 [Green, Sabine R.; Picchioni, Geno A.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Murray, Leigh W.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Wall, Marisa M.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Green, SR (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM swhitley@nmsu.edu FU New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station FX This work was supported by the New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JUN PY 2010 VL 20 IS 3 BP 612 EP 619 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 645WN UT WOS:000281497000024 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, C Fritz, B Martin, D Atwood, R Hurner, T Ledebuhr, M Tandy, M Jackson, JL Wisler, G AF Hoffmann, Clint Fritz, Brad Martin, Dan Atwood, Ryan Hurner, Tim Ledebuhr, Mark Tandy, Matt Jackson, John L. Wisler, Gail TI Evaluation of Low-volume Sprayers Used in Asian Citrus Psyllid Control Applications SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE technology; Diaphorina citri; greening ID INDIAN RIVER GRAPEFRUIT; GREENING DISEASE; VECTOR CONTROL AB The asian citrus psyllid [Diaphorina citri (Sternorrhyncha: Psyllidae)] is a detrimental pest to citrus ( Citrus spp.) crops when it serves as a vector of the pathogen that causes greening (huanglongbing). Transmission of this disease causes mottling, chlorosis, dieback, and reductions in fruit size and quality. Citrus producers have found that many pesticides, when applied properly, are very effective at suppressing or eliminating asian citrus psyllids in groves. Due to the threat of greening, several pesticides have been granted Special Local Needs registration for use in the state of Florida if the product is sprayed with a volume median diameter of 90 pm or greater. A number of studies involving numerous citrus sprayers and a.i. were conducted to determine the droplet sizes generated by different sprayers operating under user-established settings and the adjustments required to those settings for the sprayers to meet the 90-mu m requirement. In the sprayer tests, it was found that reductions in engine speed or increases in flow rate were required to increase droplet sizes to meet the product label-required droplet size. As the equipment tested here represent the most typical application equipment used in Florida for asian citrus psyllid control, these results will provide applicators, growers, and extension agents with general guidelines to ensure that spray systems are operated in a manner that complies with label restrictions. C1 [Hoffmann, Clint; Fritz, Brad; Martin, Dan] ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, Aerial Applicat Grp, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Atwood, Ryan] Univ Florida, IFAS Extens, Tavares, FL 32778 USA. [Hurner, Tim] Univ Florida, IFAS Extens, Sebring, FL 33872 USA. [Ledebuhr, Mark] Ledebuhr Ind, Williamston, MI 48895 USA. [Tandy, Matt] Curtis DynaFog, Westfield, IN 46074 USA. [Jackson, John L.] Florida Citrus Ind Res Coordinating Council, Tavares, FL 32778 USA. [Wisler, Gail] ARS, USDA, Natl Programs, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hoffmann, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, Aerial Applicat Grp, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM clint.hoffmann@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB) FX This study was supported in part by a grant from the Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program, funded by the U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB). NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JUN PY 2010 VL 20 IS 3 BP 632 EP 638 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 645WN UT WOS:000281497000028 ER PT J AU Bell, NC Altland, J AF Bell, Neil C. Altland, James TI Growth, Flowering, and Cold Hardiness of Rockrose in Western Oregon SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cistus; Halimium; drought; landscape; shrubs ID CISTUS-ALBIDUS; PLANTS; WINTER; RESPONSES; STRESS; L. AB Ninety-three species, cultivars, and hybrid selections of rockrose (Cistus spp., Halimium spp., and xHalimiocistus spp.) were evaluated for growth, flowering, and cold hardiness in a landscape trial in Aurora, OR, from 2004 to 2009. Plants were irrigated to aid establishment when planted in summer 2004, but thereafter were not watered, fertilized, or pruned throughout the trial. Cold damage was recorded following freezing events in Feb. 2006 and Dec. 2008 in which low temperatures were 20 and 17 F, respectively. Those plants that consistently suffered the most cold damage were Halimium atriplictfolium, Cistus creticus ssp. creticus 'Tania Compton', Cistus xpauranthus, and Cistus albidus forma albus. Other plants showed cold damage related to poor vigor. The length of the flowering period and foliage quality varied widely among plants in the evaluation. The plants with the longest flowering period were Halimium xpauanum, Cistus inflatus, Cistus xpulverulentus 'Sunset', and xHalimiocistus 'Ingwersenii', all of which flowered for more than 55 days. Plant form and foliage quality declined drastically for some plants during the evaluation. Those that retained the best foliage quality included Cistus xobtustfolius, Cistus xlaxus, Cistus salviifolius 'Gold Star', Cistus 'Gordon Cooper', Halimium lasianthum 'Sandling', Halimium 'Susan', and xHalimiocistus sahucii. Based on ratings of foliage and bloom time, as well as hardiness, several Cistus are recommended as drought-tolerant groundcovers, including Cistus xgardianus and C. xobtusifolius. Cistus xlaxus, C. inflatus, Cistus 'Gordon Cooper', Cistus 'Ruby Cluster', and Cistus 'Snow Fire' are suggested as tall groundcovers or landscape specimens. Several Halimium are recommended for landscape use, including H. lasianthum 'Sandling', Halimium 'Susan', H. xpauanum, and xHalimiocistus 'Ingwersenii'. C1 [Bell, Neil C.] Oregon State Univ, Extens Serv, Salem, OR 97301 USA. [Altland, James] Agr Res Serv Applicat Technol Res, USDA, Unit 208, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Bell, NC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Extens Serv, 3180 Ctr St NE,1361, Salem, OR 97301 USA. EM neil.bell@oregonstate.edu NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JUN PY 2010 VL 20 IS 3 BP 652 EP 659 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 645WN UT WOS:000281497000031 ER PT J AU Kellermayer, R Balasa, A Zhang, WJ Lee, S Mirza, S Chakravarty, A Szigeti, R Laritsky, E Tatevian, N Smith, CW Shen, LL Waterland, RA AF Kellermayer, Richard Balasa, Alfred Zhang, Wenjuan Lee, Stefi Mirza, Sherin Chakravarty, Abrita Szigeti, Reka Laritsky, Eleonora Tatevian, Nina Smith, C. Wayne Shen, Lanlan Waterland, Robert A. TI Epigenetic maturation in colonic mucosa continues beyond infancy in mice SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; REGULATORY T-CELLS; NF-KAPPA-B; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; DNA METHYLATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; FOXP3 EXPRESSION; CROHNS-DISEASE; FAMILY-MEMBERS; MOUSE COLON AB Monozygotic twin and other epidemiologic studies indicate that epigenetic processes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases that commonly affect the colonic mucosa. The peak onset of these disorders in young adulthood suggests that epigenetic changes normally occurring in the colonic mucosa shortly before adulthood could be important etiologic factors. We assessed developmental changes in colitis susceptibility during the physiologically relevant period of childhood in mice [ postnatal day 30 (P30) to P90] and concurrent changes in DNA methylation and gene expression in murine colonic mucosa. Susceptibility to colitis was tested in C57BL/6J mice with the dextran sulfate sodium colitis model. Methylation specific amplification microarray (MSAM) was used to screen for changes in DNA methylation, with validation by bisulfite pyrosequencing. Gene expression changes were analyzed by microarray expression profiling and real time RT-PCR. Mice were more susceptible to chemically induced colitis at P90 than at P30. DNA methylation changes, however, were not extensive; of 23 743 genomic intervals interrogated, only 271 underwent significant methylation alteration during this developmental period. We found an excellent correlation between the MSAM and bisulfite pyrosequencing at 11 gene associated intervals validated (R(2) = 0.89). Importantly, at the genes encoding galectin-1 (Lgals1), and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 or Smad3, both previously implicated in murine colitis, developmental changes in DNA methylation from P30 to P90 were inversely correlated with expression. Colonic mucosal epigenetic maturation continues through early adulthood in the mouse, and may contribute to the age-associated increase in colitis susceptibility. C1 [Kellermayer, Richard; Balasa, Alfred; Zhang, Wenjuan; Lee, Stefi; Mirza, Sherin; Laritsky, Eleonora; Smith, C. Wayne; Shen, Lanlan; Waterland, Robert A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Waterland, Robert A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Szigeti, Reka] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Chakravarty, Abrita] Duke Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Tatevian, Nina] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Houston, TX USA. RP Waterland, RA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,ARS, 1100 Bates St,Ste 5080, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM waterland@bcm.edu FU Broad Medical Research Program; Broad Foundation [IBD-0252]; Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America-Children's Digestive Health and Nutrition Foundation/North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (CCFA) [2426]; NIH [R01-DK081557]; March of Dimes Foundation [1-FY08-392]; USDA CRIS [6250-51000-055]; NHGRI [U54HG00459] FX R. K. was supported by funding from the Broad Medical Research Program, the Broad Foundation (IBD-0252) and a young investigator joint award from the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America-Children's Digestive Health and Nutrition Foundation/North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (CCFA Ref # 2426). This work was also supported by NIH grant R01-DK081557, research grant # 1-FY08-392 from the March of Dimes Foundation, and USDA CRIS # 6250-51000-055 to R. A. W. DNaseI mapping data were funded through NHGRI ENCODE grant U54HG004592 to John Stamatoyannopoulos, University of Washington. NR 64 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0964-6906 J9 HUM MOL GENET JI Hum. Mol. Genet. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 11 BP 2168 EP 2176 DI 10.1093/hmg/ddq095 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 593IX UT WOS:000277448500008 PM 20197410 ER PT J AU Mladenova, I Lakshmi, V Walker, JP Panciera, R Wagner, W Doubkova, M AF Mladenova, Iliana Lakshmi, Venkat Walker, Jeffrey P. Panciera, Rocco Wagner, Wolfgang Doubkova, Marcela TI Validation of the ASAR Global Monitoring Mode Soil Moisture Product Using the NAFE'05 Data Set SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) Global Monitoring (GM); National Airborne Field Experiment 2005 (NAFE'05); Polarimetric L-band Multibeam Radiometer (PLMR); soil moisture (SM); spatial variability ID ERS SCATTEROMETER; SURFACE; ASSIMILATION; SCATTERING; RETRIEVAL AB The Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) Global Monitoring (GM) mode offers an opportunity for global soil moisture (SM) monitoring at much finer spatial resolution than that provided by the currently operational Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System and future planned missions such as Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity and Soil Moisture Active Passive. Considering the difficulties in modeling the complex soil-vegetation scattering mechanisms and the great need of ancillary data for microwave backscatter SM inversion, algorithms based on temporal change are currently the best method to examine SM variability. This paper evaluates the spatial sensitivity of the ASAR GM surface SM product derived using the temporal change detection methodology developed by the Vienna University of Technology. This evaluation is made for an area in southeastern Australia using data from the National Airborne Field Experiment 2005. The spatial evaluation is made using three different types of SM data (station, field, and airborne) across several different scales (1-25 km). Results confirmed the expected better agreement when using point (R-station = 0.75) data as compared to spatial (R-PLMR,R- 1 km = 0.4) data. While the aircraft-ASAR GM correlation values at 1-km resolution were low, they significantly improved when averaged to 5 km (R-PLMR,R- 5 km = 0.67) or coarser. Consequently, this assessment shows the ASAR GM potential for monitoring SM when averaged to a spatial resolution of at least 5 km. C1 [Mladenova, Iliana; Lakshmi, Venkat] Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Walker, Jeffrey P.; Panciera, Rocco] Univ Melbourne, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Wagner, Wolfgang; Doubkova, Marcela] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RP Mladenova, I (reprint author), USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM imladenova@geol.sc.edu; vlakshmi@geol.sc.edu; j.walker@unimelb.edu.au; rocco@civenv.unimelb.edu.au; ww@ipf.tuwien.ac.at; mdo@ipf.tuwien.ac.at RI Walker, Jeffrey/D-2624-2009; Lakshmi, Venkat/I-3078-2016; OI Lakshmi, Venkat/0000-0001-7431-9004; Wagner, Wolfgang/0000-0001-7704-6857 FU NASA [NNX06AG85G]; Australian Research Council [DP0557543, LE0453434, LE0560930, DP0209724, DP0556941]; ESA FX The authors would like to thank the European Space Agency (ESA) for kindly providing the ENVISAT ASAR GM data. The participation of I. Mladenova and V. Lakshmi in the National Airborne Field Experiment 2006 (NAFE'06) field campaign was made possible through funding by NASA NNX06AG85G (Program Manager Dr. J. Entin). The NAFE'05 was made possible through the Australian Research Council financial support by Grants DP0557543, LE0453434, and LE0560930. Initial setup and maintenance were funded by the Australian Research Council (DP0209724 and DP0556941) and NASA. The study of the ASAR GM SSM has been carried out within the framework of the SHARE project funded by the ESA. NR 31 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2010 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2498 EP 2508 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2040746 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 597PY UT WOS:000277772200005 ER PT J AU Crow, WT Miralles, DG Cosh, MH AF Crow, Wade T. Miralles, Diego G. Cosh, Michael H. TI A Quasi-Global Evaluation System for Satellite-Based Surface Soil Moisture Retrievals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Data assimilation; land surface modeling and ground validation; microwave radiometer; soil moisture ID AMSR-E; STABILITY AB A recently developed data assimilation technique offers the potential to greatly expand the geographic domain over which remotely sensed surface soil moisture retrievals can be evaluated by effectively substituting (relatively plentiful) rain-gauge observations for (less commonly available) ground-based soil moisture measurements. The technique is based on calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient (R-value) between rainfall errors and Kalman filter analysis increments realized during the assimilation of a remotely sensed soil moisture product into the antecedent precipitation index (API). Here, the existing R-value approach is modified by reformulating it to run on an anomaly basis where long-term seasonal trends are explicitly removed and by calculating API analysis increments using a Rauch-Tung- Striebel smoother instead of a Kalman filter. This reformulated approach is then applied to a number of Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer soil moisture products acquired within three heavily instrumented watershed sites in the southern U.S. R-value-based evaluations of soil moisture products within these sites are verified based on comparisons with available ground-based soil moisture measurements. Results demonstrate that, without access to ground-based soil moisture measurements, the R-value methodology can accurately mimic anomaly correlation coefficients calculated between remotely sensed soil moisture products and soil moisture observations obtained from dense ground-based networks. Sensitivity results also indicate that the predictive skill of the R-value metric is enhanced by both proposed modifications to its methodology. Finally, R-value calculations are expanded to a quasi-global (50 degrees S-50 degrees N) domain using rainfall measurements derived from the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission Precipitation Analysis. Spatial patterns in calculated R-value fields are compared to regions of strong land-atmosphere coupling and used to refine expectations concerning the global distribution of land areas in which remotely sensed surface soil moisture retrievals will contribute to atmospheric forecasting applications. C1 [Crow, Wade T.; Miralles, Diego G.; Cosh, Michael H.] ARS, HRSL, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Crow, WT (reprint author), ARS, HRSL, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Wade.Crow@ars.usda.gov; diego.mirrales@falw.vu.nl; Michael.Cosh@ars.usda.gov RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015; Miralles, Diego/K-8857-2013 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918; Miralles, Diego/0000-0001-6186-5751 NR 37 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2010 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2516 EP 2527 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2040481 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 597PY UT WOS:000277772200007 ER PT J AU Sherman, MA Goto, RM Moore, RE Hunt, HD Lee, TD Miller, MM AF Sherman, Mark A. Goto, Ronald M. Moore, Roger E. Hunt, Henry D. Lee, Terry D. Miller, Marcia M. TI Mass spectral data for 64 eluted peptides and structural modeling define peptide binding preferences for class I alleles in two chicken MHC-B haplotypes associated with opposite responses to Marek's disease (vol 60, pg 527, 2008) SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Goto, Ronald M.; Miller, Marcia M.] City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Div Mol Biol, Beckman Res Inst, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. [Sherman, Mark A.] City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Div Informat Sci, Beckman Res Inst, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. [Moore, Roger E.; Lee, Terry D.] City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Div Immunol, Beckman Res Inst, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. [Hunt, Henry D.] USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Miller, MM (reprint author), City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Div Mol Biol, Beckman Res Inst, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. EM mamiller@coh.org NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0093-7711 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PD JUN PY 2010 VL 62 IS 6 BP 419 EP 419 DI 10.1007/s00251-010-0446-z PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 600ZC UT WOS:000278026700007 ER PT J AU Talbot, NC Caperna, TJ Blomberg, L Graninger, PG Stodieck, LS AF Talbot, Neil C. Caperna, Thomas J. Blomberg, LeAnn Graninger, Paul G. Stodieck, Louis S. TI The effects of space flight and microgravity on the growth and differentiation of PICM-19 pig liver stem cells SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE Cell line; Culture; Hepatocyte; Liver; Microgravity ID RAT HEPATOCYTES; SIMULATED MICROGRAVITY; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; SPACEFLIGHT; CULTURE; LINE; ENZYMES; TISSUES; MONOLAYER AB The PICM-19 pig liver stem cell line was cultured in space for nearly 16 d on the STS-126 mission to assess the effects of spaceflight on the liver's parenchymal cells-PICM-19 cells to differentiate into either monolayers of fetal hepatocytes or 3-dimensional bile ductules (cholangiocytes). Semi-quantitative data included light microscopic assessments of final cell density, cell morphology, and response to glucagon stimulation and electron microscopic assessment of the cells' ultrastructural features and cell-to-cell connections and physical relationships. Quantitative assessments included assays of hepatocyte detoxification functions, i.e., inducible P450 activities and urea production and quantitation of the mRNA levels of several liver-related genes. Three post-passage age groups were included: 4-d-, 10-d-, and 14-d-old cultures. In comparing flight vs. ground-control cultures 17 h after the space shuttle's return to earth, no differences were found between the cultures with the exception being that some genes were differentially expressed. By light microscopy both young and older cultures, flight and ground, had grown and differentiated normally in the Opticell culture vessels. The PICM-19 cells had grown to approximately 75% confluency, had few signs of apoptosis or necrosis, and had either differentiated into monolayer patches of hepatocytes with biliary canaliculi visible between the cells or into 3-dimensional bile ductules with well-defined lumens. Ultrastructural features between flight and ground were similar with the PICM-19 cells displaying numerous mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, vesicular bodies, and occasional lipid vacuoles. Cell-to-cell arrangements were typical in both flight and ground-control samples; biliary canaliculi were well-formed between the PICM-19 cells, and the cells were sandwiched between the STO feeder cells. PICM-19 cells displayed inducible P450 activities. They produced urea in a glutamine-free medium and produced more urea in response to ammonia. The experiment's aim to gather preliminary data on the PICM-19 cell line's suitability as an in vitro model for assessments of liver function in microgravity was demonstrated, and differences between flight and ground-control cultures were minor. C1 [Talbot, Neil C.; Caperna, Thomas J.; Blomberg, LeAnn; Graninger, Paul G.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab,Beltsville Agr Res C, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Stodieck, Louis S.] Univ Colorado, BioServe Space Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Talbot, NC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab,Beltsville Agr Res C, Bldg 200,Rm 13,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM neil.talbot@ars.usda.gov FU NASA; BioServe Space Technologies, Inc.; Zero Gravity, Inc.; Hepalife Technologies, Inc.; State of Maryland (TEDCO) FX This work was supported by NASA, BioServe Space Technologies, Inc., Zero Gravity, Inc., Hepalife Technologies, Inc., and the State of Maryland (TEDCO). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 60 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 46 IS 6 BP 502 EP 515 DI 10.1007/s11626-010-9302-6 PG 14 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 600ZF UT WOS:000278027000004 PM 20333478 ER PT J AU Castillo, NRF Bassil, NV Wada, S Reed, BM AF Castillo, Nina Rosa F. Bassil, Nahla V. Wada, Sugae Reed, Barbara M. TI Genetic stability of cryopreserved shoot tips of Rubus germplasm SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE Genetic fidelity; In vitro culture; Somaclonal variation; Taq DNA polymerase ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; SOMACLONAL VARIATION; COLD-ACCLIMATION; COSMOS-ATROSANGUINEUS; EMBRYOGENIC CULTURES; SOMATIC EMBRYOS; RAPD ANALYSIS; PLANTS; AFLP; L. AB Questions often arise concerning the genetic stability of plant materials stored in liquid nitrogen for long time periods. This study examined the genetic stability of cryopreserved shoot tips of Rubus germplasm that were stored in liquid nitrogen for more than 12 yr, then rewarmed and regrown. We analyzed the genetic stability of Rubus grabowskii, two blackberry cultivars ("Hillemeyer" and 'Silvan'), and one raspberry cultivar ("Mandarin") as in vitro shoots and as field-grown plants. No morphological differences were observed in greenhouse-grown cryopreserved plants when compared to the control mother plants. In the field, cryopreserved plants appeared similar but were more vigorous than mother plants, with larger leaves, fruit, and seeds. Single sequence repeats (SSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses were performed on shoots immediately after recovery from cryopreservation and on shoots subcultured for 7 mo before analysis. Ten SSR primers developed from "Marion" and "Meeker" microsatellite-enriched libraries amplified one to 15 alleles per locus, with an average of seven alleles and a total of 70 alleles in the four genotypes tested. No SSR polymorphisms were observed between cryopreserved shoots and the corresponding mother plants regardless of subculture. Although no polymorphisms were detected in shoots analyzed immediately after recovery from cryopreservation, AFLP polymorphisms were detected in three of the four Rubus genotypes after they were subcultured for 7 mo. Field-grown plants from the polymorphic shoot tips of R. grabowskii and 'Silvan' displayed the same AFLP fingerprints as their corresponding mother plants. Only long-cultured in vitro shoot tips displayed polymorphisms in vitro, and they were no longer detected when the plants were grown ex vitro. The transitory nature of these polymorphisms should be carefully considered when monitoring for genetic stability. C1 [Bassil, Nahla V.; Reed, Barbara M.] USDA ARS Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Castillo, Nina Rosa F.; Wada, Sugae] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Reed, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Barbara.Reed@ars.usda.gov OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service CRIS [5358-150-21000-3300D]; Fulbright Fellowship FX This study was supported by United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service CRIS project 5358-150-21000-3300D. N.R.F. Castillo thanks the Fulbright Fellowship Program for support of her MS study. The technical assistance of Barbara Gilmore and April Nyberg was greatly appreciated. NR 52 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JUN PY 2010 VL 46 IS 3 BP 246 EP 256 DI 10.1007/s11627-009-9265-z PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 603AF UT WOS:000278179600004 ER PT J AU Agnes, JT Herndon, D Ueti, MW Ramabu, SS Evans, M Brayton, KA Palmer, GH AF Agnes, Joseph T. Herndon, David Ueti, Massaro W. Ramabu, Solomon S. Evans, Marc Brayton, Kelly A. Palmer, Guy H. TI Association of Pathogen Strain-Specific Gene Transcription and Transmission Efficiency Phenotype of Anaplasma marginale SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID MAMMALIAN RESERVOIR HOST; TICK-BORNE TRANSMISSION; DERMACENTOR-ANDERSONI; MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION; INTRACELLULAR BACTERIUM; BIOLOGICAL TRANSMISSION; COMPARATIVE GENOMICS; RICKETTSIALES; IXODIDAE; REVEALS AB Efficient transmission of pathogens by an arthropod vector is influenced by the ability of the pathogen to replicate and develop infectiousness within the arthropod host. While the basic life cycle of development within and transmission from the arthropod vector are known for many bacterial and protozoan pathogens, the determinants of transmission efficiency are largely unknown and represent a significant gap in our knowledge. The St. Maries strain of Anaplasma marginale is a high-transmission-efficiency strain that replicates to a high titer in the tick salivary gland and can be transmitted by <10 ticks. In contrast, A. marginale subsp. centrale (Israel vaccine strain) has an identical life cycle but replicates to a significantly lower level in the salivary gland, with transmission requiring >30-fold more ticks. We hypothesized that strain-specific genes expressed in the tick salivary gland at the time of transmission are linked to the differences in the transmission efficiency phenotype. Using both annotation-dependent and -independent analyses of the complete genome sequences, we identified 58 strain-specific genes. These genes most likely represent divergence from common ancestral genes in one or both strains based on analysis of synteny and lack of statistical support for acquisition as islands by lateral gene transfer. Twenty of the St. Maries strain-specific genes and 16 of the strain-specific genes in the Israel strain were transcribed in the tick salivary gland at the time of transmission. Although associated with the transmission phenotype, the expression levels of strain-specific genes were equal to or less than the expression levels in infected erythrocytes in the mammalian host, suggesting that function is not limited to salivary gland colonization. C1 [Agnes, Joseph T.; Ramabu, Solomon S.; Brayton, Kelly A.; Palmer, Guy H.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Agnes, Joseph T.; Ramabu, Solomon S.; Brayton, Kelly A.; Palmer, Guy H.] Washington State Univ, Sch Global Anim Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Herndon, David; Ueti, Massaro W.] USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Evans, Marc] Washington State Univ, Dept Stat, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Agnes, JT (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jagnes@vetmed.wsu.edu FU National Institutes of Health [AI44005]; Wellcome Trust [GR075800M]; U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service [5348-32000-027-00D/-01S] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grant AI44005, by Wellcome Trust grant GR075800M, and by U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service grant 5348-32000-027-00D/-01S. J. T. Agnes was supported in part by a National Institutes of Health predoctoral fellowship in protein biotechnology. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 78 IS 6 BP 2446 EP 2453 DI 10.1128/IAI.00108-10 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 598ML UT WOS:000277841300010 PM 20308303 ER PT J AU Li, HM Sun, L Mittapalli, O Muir, WM Xie, J Wu, J Schemerhorn, BJ Jannasch, A Chen, JY Zhang, F Adamec, J Murdock, LL Pittendrigh, BR AF Li, H. -M. Sun, L. Mittapalli, O. Muir, W. M. Xie, J. Wu, J. Schemerhorn, B. J. Jannasch, A. Chen, J. Y. Zhang, F. Adamec, J. Murdock, L. L. Pittendrigh, B. R. TI Bowman-Birk inhibitor affects pathways associated with energy metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insect midgut; fructose-6-phosphate; ScpX; genomics; transcription factor binding motif; pathway ID HIV-PROTEASE INHIBITORS; GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GLUCOSE; MIDGUT; ACTIVATION; RESPONSES AB Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI) is toxic when fed to certain insects, including the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Dietary BBI has been demonstrated to slow growth and increase insect mortality by inhibiting the digestive enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin, resulting in a reduced supply of amino acids. In mammals, BBI influences cellular energy metabolism. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that dietary BBI affects energy-associated pathways in the D. melanogaster midgut. Through microarray and metabolomic analyses, we show that dietary BBI affects energy utilization pathways in the midgut cells of D. melanogaster. In addition, ultrastructure studies indicate that microvilli are significantly shortened in BBI-fed larvae. These data provide further insights into the complex cellular response of insects to dietary protease inhibitors. C1 [Li, H. -M.; Pittendrigh, B. R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Sun, L.; Murdock, L. L.] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Mittapalli, O.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Xie, J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Stat, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Muir, W. M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Wu, J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Stat, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Schemerhorn, B. J.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jannasch, A.; Adamec, J.] Purdue Univ, Bindley Biosci Ctr, Metabol Profiling Facil, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Chen, J. Y.; Zhang, F.] Indiana Univ, Sch Informat, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. RP Pittendrigh, BR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, 320 Morrill Hall, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM pittendr@illinois.edu FU USDA-ARS; Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; C. W. Kearns endowment fund; C. L. Metcalf endowment fund; W. P. Flint endowment fund FX We thank Susan Balfe for technical support and the Purdue Genomics Facility and Life Science Microscopy Facility in Agriculture, Purdue University, for assistance. This work was supported by (1) a USDA-ARS cooperative agreement; (2) Department of Entomology funds (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), and (3) C. W. Kearns, C. L. Metcalf and W. P. Flint endowment funds provided to B. R. P. NR 67 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 19 IS 3 BP 303 EP 313 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2009.00984.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 591SD UT WOS:000277322700004 PM 20113373 ER PT J AU Sayed, A Wiechman, B Struewing, I Smith, M French, W Nielsen, C Bagley, M AF Sayed, A. Wiechman, B. Struewing, I. Smith, M. French, W. Nielsen, C. Bagley, M. TI Isolation of transcripts from Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte responsive to the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry3Bb1 SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gene expression; Diabrotica; cDNA; subtractive hybridization; Bacillus thuriengiesis; resistant ID WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM; INSECTICIDAL CRYSTAL PROTEINS; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; RICH SECRETORY PROTEINS; FIRE ANT VENOM; CHORISTONEURA-FUMIFERANA; JUVENILE-HORMONE; TRANSGENIC CORN; CRY1AB TOXIN; GENE AB Crystal (Cry) proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been widely used as a method of insect pest management for several decades. In recent years, a transgenic corn expressing the Cry3Bb1 toxin has been successfully used for protection against corn rootworm larvae (genus Diabrotica). The biological action of the Bt toxin in corn rootworms has not yet been clearly defined. Because development of resistance to Bt by corn rootworms will have huge economic and ecological costs, insight into larval response to Bt toxin is highly desirable. We identified 19 unique transcripts that are differentially expressed in D. virgifera virgifera larvae reared on corn transgenic for Cry3Bb1. Putative identities of these genes were consistent with impacts on metabolism and development. Analysis of highly modulated transcripts resulted in the characterization of genes coding for a member of a cysteine-rich secretory protein family and a glutamine-rich membrane protein. A third gene that was isolated encodes a nondescript 132 amino acid protein while a fourth highly modulated transcript could not be further characterized. Expression patterns of these four genes were strikingly different between susceptible and resistant western corn rootworm populations. These genes may provide useful targets for monitoring of Bt exposure patterns and resistance development in pest and non-target insect populations. C1 [Sayed, A.; Wiechman, B.; Struewing, I.] US EPA, Dynamac Corp, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Smith, M.] US EPA, McConnell Grp, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [French, W.; Nielsen, C.] ARS, USDA, Brookings, SD USA. [Bagley, M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sayed, A (reprint author), US EPA, Dynamac Corp, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sayed.abu@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EPD06096] FX Technical support was provided by Ana Braam, Carrie Drake, Jessica Acosta, Reena Mackwan, and Paul Weaver. Ty Vaughn (Monsanto Co.) was instrumental in facilitating acquisition of Bt and isoline corn seed for the trials. We thank Suzanne Jackson, Robert Flick, David Lattier, David Bencic, George King and three anonymous reviewers for critically reading and improving the manuscript. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded the research described here under Contract EPD06096 to Dynamac Corporation. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the USEPA or the USDA. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 19 IS 3 BP 381 EP 389 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2010.00998.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 591SD UT WOS:000277322700011 PM 20337747 ER PT J AU Zhang, DH Lax, AR Bland, JM Yu, JJ Fedorova, N Nierman, WC AF Zhang, Dunhua Lax, Alan R. Bland, John M. Yu, Jiujiang Fedorova, Natalie Nierman, William C. TI Hydrolysis of filter-paper cellulose to glucose by two recombinant endogenous glycosyl hydrolases of Coptotermes formosanus SO INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biofuel; cellulose digestion; endo-beta-1; 4 glucanase; beta-glucosidase; termite ID AMINO-ACID-RESIDUES; SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE; ENDO-BETA-1,4-GLUCANASE COMPONENTS; RETICULITERMES-SPERATUS; RHINOTERMITIDAE; CELLULASES; ISOPTERA; SHIRAKI; GENES; COLI AB Genes encoding for glycosyl hydrolases (GH) in multiple families were recovered from an expression sequence tag library of Coptotermes formosanus, a xylophagous lower termite species. Functional analyses of these genes not only shed light on the mechanisms the insect employs to successfully use cellulosic materials as energy sources, which may serve as strategic targets for designing molecular-based bio-pesticides, but also enrich discoveries of new cellulolytic enzymes for conversion of biomass into biofuel. Our study demonstrated that cellulose could be converted to glucose by two recombinant endogenous glycosyl hydrolases (endo-beta-1,4 glucanase in GH9 and beta-glucosidase in GH1). While the former cleaved cellulose to cellobiose and cellotriose, the resulting simple cellodextrins were digested to glucose. Both of the Escherichia coli-expressed recombinant proteins showed properties that could be incorporated in a glucose-based ethanol production program. C1 [Zhang, Dunhua; Lax, Alan R.; Bland, John M.] ARS, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Yu, Jiujiang] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Fedorova, Natalie] George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC USA. [Fedorova, Natalie; Nierman, William C.] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD USA. RP Zhang, DH (reprint author), ARS, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM dunhua.zhang@ars.usda.gov RI Abrams, Natalie/F-4845-2011 OI Abrams, Natalie/0000-0001-9698-2819 NR 28 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1672-9609 J9 INSECT SCI JI Insect Sci. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 17 IS 3 BP 245 EP 252 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2010.01321.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 605JZ UT WOS:000278345200008 ER PT J AU Talbot, NC Caperna, TJ Willard, RR Meekin, JH Garrett, WM AF Talbot, Neil C. Caperna, Thomas J. Willard, Ryan R. Meekin, John H. Garrett, Wesley M. TI Characterization of two subpopulations of the PICM-19 porcine liver stem cell line for use in cell-based extracorporeal liver assistance devices SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL ORGANS LA English DT Article DE Bioengineering; Cell line; Culture; Hepatocyte; Liver ID BIOARTIFICIAL LIVER; RAT HEPATOCYTES; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; CULTURE; ADULT; PIG; POPULATIONS; BLASTOCYST; EXPRESSION; MONOLAYER AB Two cell lines, PICM-19H and PICM-19B, were derived from the bipotent PICM-19 pig liver stem cell line and assessed for their potential application in artificial liver devices (ALD). The study included assessments of growth rate and cell density in culture, morphological features, serum protein production,.-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) activity and hepatocyte detoxification functions, i. e., inducible P450 activity, ammonia clearance, and urea production. The PICM-19H cell line was derived by temperature selection at 33-34 degrees C. After each passage, PICM-19H cells grew to a nearly confluent monolayer of cells of hepatocyte morphology, i.e., cuboidal cells with centrally located nuclei joined by biliary canaliculi. No differentiation and self-organization into multi-cellular bile ductules, as observed in the parental PICM-19 cell line, occurred within the PICM-19H cell monolayers. The PICM-19H cells contained numerous mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, vesicular bodies and occasional lipid vacuoles. The cells had a doubling time of 48-72 h and reached a final density of 1.5 x 105 cells/cm2 at similar to 10 d post-passage from a 1: 6 split ratio. PICM-19H cells displayed inducible P450 activity, cleared ammonia, and produced urea in a glutamine-free medium. The PICM-19B cells were colony-cloned after spontaneous generation from the PICM-19 parental cell line. PICM-19B cells grew as a tightly knit dome-forming monolayer with no visible biliary canaliculi. Their doubling time was 48-72 h with a final cell density of 2.6 x 105 cells/cm(2). Ultrastructural analysis of the PICM-19B monolayers showed the roughly cuboidal cells displayed basal-apical polarization and were joined by tight junction-like complexes. Other ultrastructure features were similar to those of PICM-19H cells except that they possessed numerous cell bodies resembling mucus vacuoles. The PICM-19B cells had relatively high levels of GGT activity, but did retain some inducible P450 activity, and some ammonia clearance and urea synthesis ability. PICM-19B cells produced markedly less serum proteins than PICM-19H cells. These data indicated that both cell lines, either together or alone, may be useful as the cellular substrate for an ALD. C1 [Talbot, Neil C.] ARS, USDA, ANRI, BGL,BARC E,Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab,Beltsvill, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Meekin, John H.] HepaLife Technol Inc, Boston, MA USA. RP Talbot, NC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ANRI, BGL,BARC E,Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab,Beltsvill, Bldg 200,Rm 13,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM neil.talbot@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture and HepaLife Technologies, Inc., Boston, MA [1265-31000-094-01T] FX This work was supported in part under a cooperative research and development agreement (CRADA # 1265-31000-094-01T) between the U.S. Department of Agriculture and HepaLife Technologies, Inc., Boston, MA. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purposes of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WICHTIG EDITORE PI MILAN PA 72/74 VIA FRIULI, 20135 MILAN, ITALY SN 0391-3988 J9 INT J ARTIF ORGANS JI Int. J. Artif. Organs PD JUN PY 2010 VL 33 IS 6 BP 348 EP 361 PG 14 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Transplantation SC Engineering; Transplantation GA 643EJ UT WOS:000281278100003 PM 20669140 ER PT J AU Grove, KL Fried, SK Greenberg, AS Xiao, XQ Clegg, DJ AF Grove, K. L. Fried, S. K. Greenberg, A. S. Xiao, X. Q. Clegg, D. J. TI A microarray analysis of sexual dimorphism of adipose tissues in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE high-fat diet; inflammation; fat partitioning; gender dimorphism; mouse; microarray ID BODY-FAT; REGIONAL DIFFERENCES; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; REPLACEMENT THERAPY; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; GONADAL-HORMONES; ADIPOCYTE DEATH; GENE-EXPRESSION; FEMALE RATS AB Objective: A sexual dimorphism exists in body fat distribution; females deposit relatively more fat in subcutaneous/inguinal depots whereas males deposit more fat in the intra-abdominal/gonadal depot. Our objective was to systematically document depot-and sex-related differences in the accumulation of adipose tissue and gene expression, comparing differentially expressed genes in diet-induced obese mice with mice maintained on a chow diet. Research Design and Methods: We used a microarray approach to determine whether there are sexual dimorphisms in gene expression in age-matched male, female or ovariectomized female (OVX) C57/BL6 mice maintained on a high-fat (HF) diet. We then compared expression of validated genes between the sexes on a chow diet. Results: After exposure to a high fat diet for 12 weeks, females gained less weight than males. The microarray analyses indicate in intra-abdominal/gonadal adipose tissue in females 1642 genes differ by at least twofold between the depots, whereas 706 genes differ in subcutaneous/inguinal adipose tissue when compared with males. Only 138 genes are commonly regulated in both sexes and adipose tissue depots. Inflammatory genes (cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions and acute-phase protein synthesis) are upregulated in males when compared with females, and there is a partial reversal after OVX, where OVX adipose tissue gene expression is more 'male-like'. This pattern is not observed in mice maintained on chow. Histology of male gonadal white adipose tissue (GWAT) shows more crown-like structures than females, indicative of inflammation and adipose tissue remodeling. In addition, genes related to insulin signaling and lipid synthesis are higher in females than males, regardless of dietary exposure. Conclusions: These data suggest that male and female adipose tissue differ between the sexes regardless of diet. Moreover, HF diet exposure elicits a much greater inflammatory response in males when compared with females. This data set underscores the importance of analyzing depot-, sex- and steroid-dependent regulation of adipose tissue distribution and function. International Journal of Obesity (2010) 34, 989-1000; doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.12; published online 16 February 2010 C1 [Clegg, D. J.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Touchstone Diabet Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Grove, K. L.; Xiao, X. Q.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, ONPRC, Div Neurosci, Beaverton, OR USA. [Fried, S. K.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Greenberg, A. S.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Clegg, DJ (reprint author), Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Touchstone Diabet Ctr, Dept Internal Med, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd,K5-252, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM deborah.clegg@utsouthwestern.edu OI Fried, Susan/0000-0003-1101-9332 FU ISIS; [RR00163] FX We thank the ISIS network for their funding and support of the research. We also thank the members of the ISIS group: Jeffrey Chang, Jennifer Lovejoy, Nori Geary, Joel Elmquist, Philipp Scherer, Randy Seeley, Richard Simerly and Steve Smith. For technical assistance, we thank Sarah Williams, salary support RR00163 (KLG), as well as Jody Caldwell and Kathi Smith. NR 52 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 34 IS 6 BP 989 EP 1000 DI 10.1038/ijo.2010.12 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 609NM UT WOS:000278663500006 PM 20157318 ER PT J AU Labeda, DP Price, NP Tan, GYA Goodfellow, M Klenk, HP AF Labeda, D. P. Price, N. P. Tan, G. Y. A. Goodfellow, M. Klenk, H. -P. TI Emended description of the genus Actinokineospora Hasegawa 1988 and transfer of Amycolatopsis fastidiosa Henssen et al. 1987 as Actinokineospora fastidiosa comb. nov. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROTHRIX; ACTINOMYCETE; ACID AB The species Amycolatopsis fastidiosa (ex Celmer et al. 1977) Henssen et al. 1987 was proposed, based on morphological and chemotaxonomic observations, for a strain originally described as 'Pseudonocardia fastidiosa' Celmer et al. 1977 in a US patent. In the course of a phylogenetic study of the taxa with validly published names within the suborder Pseudonocardineae based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, it became apparent that this species was misplaced in the genus Amycolatopsis. After careful evaluation of the phylogeny, morphology, chemotaxonomy and physiology of the type strain, it was concluded that this strain represents a species of the genus Actinokineospora that is unable to produce motile spores. The description of the genus Actinokineospora is therefore emended to accommodate species that do not produce motile spores, and it is proposed that Amycolatopsis fastidiosa be transferred to the genus Actinokineospora as Actinokineospora fastidiosa comb. nov. The type strain is NRRL B-16697(T) =ATCC 31181(T) =DSM 43855(T) =JCM 3276(T) =NBRC 14105(T) =VKM Ac-1419(T). C1 [Labeda, D. P.] USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Price, N. P.] USDA ARS, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Tan, G. Y. A.] Univ Malaya, Fac Sci, Inst Biol Sci, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. [Goodfellow, M.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Biol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Klenk, H. -P.] Deutsch Sammlung Mikroorganismen & Zellkulturen G, Braunschweig, Germany. RP Labeda, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM David.Labeda@ars.usda.gov RI Tan, Geok Yuan Annie/B-7996-2009 NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 60 BP 1444 EP 1449 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.016568-0 PN 6 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 618PV UT WOS:000279369100033 PM 19671714 ER PT J AU Chiu, CJ Robman, L McCarty, CA Mukesh, BN Hodge, A Taylor, HR Taylor, A AF Chiu, Chung-Jung Robman, Luba McCarty, Catherine Anne Mukesh, Bickol Nanjan Hodge, Allison Taylor, Hugh Ringland Taylor, Allen TI Dietary Carbohydrate in Relation to Cortical and Nuclear Lens Opacities in the Melbourne Visual Impairment Project SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AGE-RELATED CATARACT; GLYCEMIC INDEX; BETA-CAROTENE; EYE DISEASE; MAILLARD REACTION; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; CLINICAL-TRIAL; VITAMIN-E; POPULATION; MORTALITY AB PURPOSE. In vitro and in vivo animal studies suggest that dietary carbohydrates play a role in cataractogenesis. Few epidemiologic studies have been conducted to evaluate this association. The objective of this study was to examine the cross-sectional associations between total carbohydrate intake, dietary glycemic index (dGI), and the risk of cortical and nuclear cataracts. METHODS. After excluding 864 persons from 2473 eligible participants, 1609 eligible nondiabetic participants (mean age, 57.6 years, 55.9% female) in the Melbourne Visual Impairment Project (VIP) were enrolled. Dietary information derived from a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire and cataract status graded by the Wilmer protocol (cortical cataract: opacity >= 4/16; nuclear cataract grade >= 2) were collected. With the use of the generalized estimating approach to logistic regression to account for the lack of independence between the eyes of an individual, the associations between dietary carbohydrates and risk of cataract in eyes with no or a single type (pure) of cataract were examined. RESULTS. Multivariate adjustment showed that pure cortical cataract (197 eyes) was significantly associated with total carbohydrate intake (odds ratio [OR] comparing the highest quartile with the lowest quartile = 3.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10 -9.27; P(trend) = 0.017). The OR for nuclear cataract (366 eyes) comparing the third quartile of dGI with the first quartile (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.02-2.65) was significant, but there was not a consistent dose-response association (P(trend) = 0.75). CONCLUSIONS. Carbohydrate intake may be optimized to prolong eye lens function. Because of the high proportion of subjects with missing covariates, these results warrant further study. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010; 51: 2897-2905) DOI:10.1167/iovs.08-2824 C1 [Chiu, Chung-Jung; Taylor, Allen] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Robman, Luba; McCarty, Catherine Anne; Mukesh, Bickol Nanjan; Taylor, Hugh Ringland] Univ Melbourne, Ctr Eye Res Australia, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Hodge, Allison] Univ Melbourne, Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [McCarty, Catherine Anne] Marshfield Med Res Fdn, Marshfield Clin, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM allen.taylor@tufts.edu RI Robman, Liubov/N-9075-2013; OI Taylor, Hugh/0000-0002-9437-784X FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-4-401, 1950-5100-060-01A]; National Institutes of Health [R01-13250, R03-EY014183-01A2]; Johnson and Johnson Focused Giving Program; American Health Assistance Foundation; Ross Aging Initiative Program FX Supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture under agreements 58-1950-4-401, 1950-5100-060-01A (C-JC, AT); Grants R01-13250 and R03-EY014183-01A2 from the National Institutes of Health (AT); grants (AT) from the Johnson and Johnson Focused Giving Program, the American Health Assistance Foundation, and the Ross Aging Initiative Program (C-JC). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. The funding sources had no role in the design and conduct of the study; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data; or the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 51 IS 6 BP 2897 EP 2905 DI 10.1167/iovs.08-2824 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 598OC UT WOS:000277846500012 PM 20181844 ER PT J AU Leeds, TD Silverstein, JT Weber, GM Vallejo, RL Palti, Y Rexroad, CE Evenhuis, J Hadidi, S Welch, TJ Wiens, GD AF Leeds, T. D. Silverstein, J. T. Weber, G. M. Vallejo, R. L. Palti, Y. Rexroad, C. E., III Evenhuis, J. Hadidi, S. Welch, T. J. Wiens, G. D. TI Response to selection for bacterial cold water disease resistance in rainbow trout SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE disease resistance; Flavobacterium psychrophilum; heritability; rainbow trout; selection; survival ID INFECTIOUS PANCREATIC NECROSIS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA; MYKISS FRY SYNDROME; CHALLENGE-TEST DATA; FLAVOBACTERIUM-PSYCHROPHILUM; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ATLANTIC SALMON; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; INCREASE RESISTANCE AB A family-based selection program was initiated at the National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture in 2005 to improve resistance to bacterial cold water disease (BCWD) in rainbow trout. The objective of this study was to estimate response to 2 generations of selection. A total of 14,841 juvenile fish (BW = 3.1 g; SD = 1.1 g) from 230 full-sib families and 3 randomly mated control lines were challenged intraperitoneally with Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the bacterium that causes BCWD, and mortalities were observed for 21 d. Selection was applied to family EBV derived from a proportional-hazards frailty (animal) model while constraining rate of inbreeding to <= 1% per generation. After adjusting for nongenetic effects, survival rate of select-line families increased by 24.6 +/- 6.8 and 44.7 +/- 6.7 (cumulative) percentage points after 1 and 2 generations of selection, respectively (P < 0.01). Genetic trend, estimated from a linear animal model that fit genetic group effects, was 19.0 +/- 4.1 percentage points per generation and approached significance (P = 0.07). Heritability estimates from the proportional-hazards frailty model and linear animal model were similar (0.22 and 0.23, respectively), and family EBV from both models were highly correlated (-0.92). Accuracy of selection, estimated as the correlation between mid-parent EBV and progeny survival rate, was 0.20 (P < 0.01) for the proportional-hazards frailty model and 0.18 (P = 0.01) for the linear animal model. Accuracy estimates were not different (P = 0.81) between the models. This study demonstrates that selective breeding can be effective for improving resistance to experimental BCWD challenge in rainbow trout. C1 [Leeds, T. D.; Silverstein, J. T.; Weber, G. M.; Vallejo, R. L.; Palti, Y.; Rexroad, C. E., III; Evenhuis, J.; Hadidi, S.; Welch, T. J.; Wiens, G. D.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture NCCCWA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Leeds, TD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture NCCCWA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tim.leeds@ars.usda.gov OI Wiens, Gregory/0000-0002-5478-7780 NR 49 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1936 EP 1946 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-2538 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 595ZP UT WOS:000277653300002 PM 20154172 ER PT J AU Cooper, AJ Ferrell, CL Cundiff, LV Van Vleck, LD AF Cooper, A. J. Ferrell, C. L. Cundiff, L. V. Van Vleck, L. D. TI Prediction of genetic values for feed intake from individual body weight gain and total feed intake of the pen SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; feed intake; genetic value; selection ID NUMERATOR RELATIONSHIP MATRIX; BREEDING VALUES; EFFICIENCY; RECORDS; INVERSE; CATTLE AB Records of individual feed intake (FI) and BW gain (GN) were obtained from the Germ Plasm Evaluation (GPE) program at US Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC). Animals were randomly assigned to pens. Only pens with 6 to 9 steers (n = 289) were used for this study (data set 1). Variance components and genetic parameters were estimated using data set 1. Estimated genetic values (EGV) for FI were calculated by 5 methods using single and 2-trait analyses: 1) individual FI and individual GN, 2) individual FI alone, 3) 2-trait with individual GN but with FI missing, 4) individual GN and pen total FI, and 5) pen total FI alone. Analyses were repeated but with some of the same records assigned artificially to 36 pens of 5 and 4 paternal half sibs per pen (data sets 2 and 3). Models included year as a fixed factor and birth and weaning weights, age on test, and days fed as covariates. Estimates of heritability were 0.42 +/- 0.16 and 0.34 +/- 0.17 for FI and GN. The estimate of the genetic correlation was 0.57 +/- 0.23. Empirical responses to selection were calculated as the average EGV for the top and bottom 10% based on rank for each method but with EGV from method 1 substituted for the EGV on which ranking was based. With data set 1, rank correlations between EGV from method 1 and EGV from methods 2, 3, 4, and 5 were 0.99, 0.53, 0.32, and 0.15, respectively. Empirical responses relative to method 1 agreed with the rank correlations. Accuracy of EGV for method 4 (0.44) was greater than for method 3 (0.35) and for method 5 (0.29). Accuracies for methods 4 and 5 were greater than indicated by empirical responses and correlations with EGV from method 1. Comparisons of the 5 methods were similar for data sets 2 and 3. With data set 2, rank correlations between EGV from method 1 and EGV from methods 3, 4, and 5 were 0.47, 0.64, and 0.62. Average accuracies of 56, 75, and 75% relative to method 1 (0.67) generally agreed with the empirical responses to selection. As expected, accuracy using pen total FI and GN to obtain EGV for FI was greater than using GN alone. With data set 1, empirical response to selection with method 4 was one-third of that for method 1, although average accuracy was 65% of that for method 1. With assignment of 5 paternal half sibs to artificial pens, using pen total FI and individual GN was about 81% as effective for selection as using individual FI and GN to obtain EGV for FI and was substantially more effective than use of GN alone. C1 [Cooper, A. J.; Van Vleck, L. D.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Ferrell, C. L.; Cundiff, L. V.] ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Van Vleck, L. D.] ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Van Vleck, LD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM lvanvleck@unlnotes.unl.edu NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1967 EP 1972 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-2391 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 595ZP UT WOS:000277653300005 PM 20190180 ER PT J AU Scholljegerdes, EJ Kronberg, SL AF Scholljegerdes, E. J. Kronberg, S. L. TI Effect of supplemental ground flaxseed fed to beef cattle grazing summer native range on the northern Great Plains SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE digestion; flaxseed; grazing; intake ID MICROBIAL PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; LIVE WEIGHT-GAIN; FORAGE INTAKE; RUMINAL FERMENTATION; GRASS HAY; SOYBEAN OIL; LOW-QUALITY; NUTRIENT QUALITY; GROWING-SEASON AB Two experiments were conducted simultaneously to evaluate the effects of supplemental ground flaxseed on site and extent of digestion and growth performance in beef cattle grazing summer native range. Six Angus heifers (initial BW 367 +/- 8.0 kg) fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in Exp. 1, and 18 Angus cross steers (initial BW 368 +/- 4.6 kg) were used in Exp. 2. Cattle from both experiments were allotted to 1 of 3 individually fed treatments: grazing only (CON), grazing plus a cracked corn-soybean meal supplement fed at 0.32% of BW once daily (CRN), or grazing plus ground flaxseed fed at 0.18% of BW once daily (FLX). In Exp. 1, supplement did not affect (P = 0.24) masticate in vitro OM digestibility; however, between supplemented treatments, cattle fed FLX tended (P = 0.10) to select a lesser quality masticate than corn-fed cattle. Forage OM intake was not affected (P = 0.17) by supplementation, nor was there a difference (P = 0.51) between CRN and FLX. A quadratic (P = 0.001) response was observed for forage OM intake as the grazing season advanced. Duodenal and fecal OM flows were not different (P >= 0.42) across treatments. Therefore, true ruminal and total tract OM digestibilities did not differ (P >= 0.40) between CON and supplement treatments, and total tract digestibility was greater (P = 0.04) for CRN than FLX. Total duodenal N flow did not differ (P = 0.20) across treatments, but responded quadratically (P = 0.03) with advancing season. True ruminal N digestibility was not affected by supplementation (P >= 0.20). Likewise, ruminal NDF digestibility did not differ (P = 0.29) with supplementation, and CRN was not different (P = 0.27) from FLX. In Exp. 2, there was a treatment x period interaction for forage intake (P < 0.001), ADG (P = 0.001), and feed efficiency (P < 0.001). Supplement did not change (P = 0.34) forage intake compared with CON, but it was greater for CRN than FLX (P < 0.001). Nevertheless, ADG was greater for supplemented steers (P < 0.001) compared with CON, but did not differ (P = 0.41) between CRN and FLX. Feed efficiency was improved (P < 0.001) for supplemented steers and was greater (P = 0.01) for FLX than CRN. Although ground flaxseed reduced digestibility compared with a corn-soybean supplement, this reduction in diet digestibility did not negatively affect the growth performance of grazing steers. C1 [Scholljegerdes, E. J.; Kronberg, S. L.] ARS, USDA, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Scholljegerdes, EJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM ejs@nmsu.edu NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 88 IS 6 BP 2108 EP 2121 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-2535 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 595ZP UT WOS:000277653300021 PM 20154158 ER PT J AU Head, G Jackson, RE Adamczyk, J Bradley, JR Van Duyn, J Gore, J Hardee, DD Leonard, BR Luttrell, R Ruberson, J Mullins, JW Orth, RG Sivasupramaniam, S Voth, R AF Head, Graham Jackson, Ryan E. Adamczyk, John Bradley, Julius R. Van Duyn, John Gore, Jeff Hardee, Dick D. Leonard, B. Rogers Luttrell, Randall Ruberson, John Mullins, J. Walt Orth, Robert G. Sivasupramaniam, Sakuntala Voth, Richard TI Spatial and temporal variability in host use by Helicoverpa zea as measured by analyses of stable carbon isotope ratios and gossypol residues SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; cotton; cotton bollworm; insect resistance management; refuge ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; ARMIGERA LEPIDOPTERA; INSECTICIDAL PROTEIN; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; NATURAL REFUGE; NOCTUIDAE; RESISTANCE; COTTON; CROPS; POPULATIONS AB P>1. A high dose/refuge strategy has been adopted in the USA to manage the risk of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) resistance in target pests such as the cotton bollworm (CBW), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in transgenic Bt cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. Structured refuges, consisting of non-Bt cotton, have been a mandated part of this strategy to produce non-selected insects that are temporally and spatially synchronous with insects from the Bt crop, diluting Bt resistance alleles through mating. However, the bollworm is highly polyphagous and exploits a large number of crop and weedy hosts concurrently with Bt cotton. 2. A study was carried out in five major US cotton-producing states during 2002 and 2003 using the ratios of 13C to 12C in bollworm moths to estimate the proportions of the population originating from C(3) or C(4) plants. A separate study measured gossypol residues in moths from four states in 2005 and 2006, enabling the identification of moths whose natal hosts were cotton rather than other C(3) hosts. 3. C(4) hosts served as the principal source of bollworm moths from mid-to-late June to early September, depending on the state. Beginning in late August/early September and lasting 1-4 weeks, the majority of moths exhibited isotopic compositions characteristic of C(3) hosts. During this period, however, the minimum percentage of moths that developed as larvae on C(4) hosts was typically > 25%. By mid-September and through October and November, the majority of the bollworm population exhibited C(4) isotopic compositions. 4. Between late June and early August, cotton-derived bollworm moths (moths with gossypol residues) comprised < 1% of moths in all states, and remained below this level throughout the season in North Carolina. In other states, cotton-derived moths increased between early August and early September to peak at an average of 19 center dot 1% of all moths. 5. Synthesis and applications. Data on 13C/12C ratios and gossypol residues in CBW moths were used to assess the importance of structured non-Bt cotton refuges for the management of Bt resistance risk in H. zea. Weekly estimates of bollworm breeding on cotton, C(3) plants other than cotton and C(4) plants showed that, throughout the season, the majority of bollworm moths caught in pheromone traps adjacent to cotton fields did not develop as larvae on cotton. This result implies that management practices in cotton such as the use of structured cotton refuges will play a relatively minor role - particularly compared with maize Zea mays L. - in managing potential resistance to Bt cotton in populations of the CBW in the US Cotton Belt. C1 [Head, Graham; Mullins, J. Walt; Orth, Robert G.; Sivasupramaniam, Sakuntala; Voth, Richard] Monsanto LLC, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. [Bradley, Julius R.; Van Duyn, John] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Leonard, B. Rogers] Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Winnsboro, LA 71295 USA. [Luttrell, Randall] Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, AGRI 319, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Ruberson, John] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. [Jackson, Ryan E.; Gore, Jeff; Hardee, Dick D.] ARS, USDA, SIMRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Adamczyk, John] ARS, USDA, BIRU, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Head, G (reprint author), Monsanto LLC, 800 N Lindbergh Blvd, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. EM graham.p.head@monsanto.com OI Ruberson, John/0000-0002-4475-8177 FU USDA-ARS; Monsanto Company FX The authors would like to thank USDA-ARS and Monsanto Company for project funding. John Rogers, Research Connections and Consulting, Brisbane, Australia, assisted with the preparation of this manuscript. NR 28 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 47 IS 3 BP 583 EP 592 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01796.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 589QP UT WOS:000277168000010 ER EF